[HN Gopher] Artificial photosynthesis directed toward organic sy...
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       Artificial photosynthesis directed toward organic synthesis
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 71 points
       Date   : 2025-03-13 18:36 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | JumpCrisscross wrote:
       | "The synthetic potential of the present transformation is
       | highlighted by a short synthesis of terfenadine, a
       | pharmaceutically important anti-histamine compound."
       | 
       | It was all fun and games until the Viagra weed got loose.
        
         | greesil wrote:
         | Part of the forbidden eleven.
         | 
         | https://anathem.dlma.com/data/Eleven.html
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | Got pulled from the market for being dangerous
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terfenadine
         | 
         | but they prescribed it to me about as soon as it came out. I've
         | tried all the allegedly non-drowsy antihistamines and the only
         | one that doesn't have CNS effects for me is
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fexofenadine
        
           | jfengel wrote:
           | If Allegra is working for you, and not killing you, stick
           | with it.
           | 
           | In my personal experience, cetirizine (Zyrtec) is also
           | extremely effective and completely non-drowsy.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Notable that 'natural' photosynthesis only has a 1% efficiency at
       | producing biomass. The best plants get 2%.
       | 
       | That's really low compared to standard solar panels at 20%
       | efficiency, or expensive lab solar panels at 47% (output:
       | electricity).
       | 
       | Basically, we have already beaten nature. Aiming to copy nature
       | at this game is probably fruitless.
        
         | ptsneves wrote:
         | Except nature's framework comes with ability to manufacture and
         | self maintain with infrastructure requirements that literally
         | fall from the sky(rain). Given most of the cost of solar panels
         | is installation and maintenance there are still places for
         | photosynthesis.
        
           | james_marks wrote:
           | Exactly- and also the timeline. 1% over millennia is going to
           | quickly beat the solar panel's lifetime output.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | > Basically, we have already beaten nature
         | 
         | I don't understand the logic. Can you build life building
         | blocks with solar panels? I don't think so. So your metric is
         | irrelevant.
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | It depends, the efficiency isn't the only parameter. Plants are
         | beloved and self sustained, there are plants that have been
         | alive for thousands of years. Even when the plants die, they
         | can be useful and are naturally recycled. Also, they are able
         | to grow to enormous sizes with the materials available on site,
         | and although it can create challenges plants are desired in
         | most environments.
         | 
         | Our advanced high efficiency devices are cool but the ultimate
         | solar devices can be something with many characteristics of the
         | plants.
        
         | cyrillite wrote:
         | If we're talking strictly about producing energy, yes, but this
         | isn't a method for more efficient or desirable solar energy
         | production. This is an attempt to recreate the biomanufacturing
         | processes of plants, so that we can use solar energy and rain
         | to synthesise desirable organic compounds in situ. If we can do
         | that, then it's very exciting that we've blown plant efficiency
         | out of the water before, because it means we should be able to
         | do it in this domain too.
        
         | gus_massa wrote:
         | Photosynthesis a energy -> sugar processes and sugar is easy to
         | store. So a better comparison includes a battery round-trip. I
         | think we still win, but not by a x10 margin.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | That is 'synthesis' as in chemical synthesis. Sugars are good
         | for energy storage so the right comparison is with e-fuel
         | production. They also can be made into structural materials.
         | 
         | Casey Handmer, if he doesn't die from the Kool-aid, is going to
         | go down the path Eric Drexler went down and that anybody who
         | thinks seriously about space colonization goes down. You can
         | have a revolution in space travel and then you need a
         | revolution in manufacturing... or if you have the revolution in
         | manufacturing you don't really need much better space travel.
         | 
         | He's coming to the conclusion that Starship can't really send
         | enough solar panels to Mars to support a human colony so now
         | he's looking for a nuclear miracle. The other approach is to
         | send a solar panel factory, but if you run numbers on it you
         | will decide you need a solar panel factory factory that
         | bootstraps itself and when you consider the spare parts problem
         | conclude you need molecular assemblers or something that works
         | as well as a molecular assembler.
         | 
         | You see, plants are based on molecular assemblers and are
         | already solar panel factory factories packed into a seed.
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | So you need a thin-film factory-factory to put the plants in.
        
         | Qwertious wrote:
         | >Basically, we have already beaten nature.
         | 
         | This isn't true until synthetic fuels are cheaper than
         | biofuels.
        
         | ur-whale wrote:
         | > Basically, we have already beaten nature.
         | 
         | Yeah, except solar panels don't exactly recycle themselves.
         | 
         | Plants, however, do.
         | 
         | So "beaten" is not the word I'd use.
        
         | littlestymaar wrote:
         | We only beat nature if forget to count the gigantic amount of
         | CapEx you need when building a solar farm. (And we should even
         | add the capital needed for the Solar panel factory too, when
         | comparing with photosynthesis).
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | Unfortunately we have beaten nature only at a single stage of
         | what is needed.
         | 
         | There are 2 more steps needed to be able to do what a plant
         | does.
         | 
         | The second step after capturing solar energy is to use that
         | energy with a good efficiency to capture from the air carbon
         | dioxide and nitrogen (perhaps also water vapor) by converting
         | them into some simple organic substances, perhaps a simple
         | amino-acid like glycine and some other simple HCO molecule,
         | e.g. glycerol.
         | 
         | With such simple organic substances, one could feed a culture
         | of genetically-modified fungi or other fungus-like organisms,
         | which could produce high-quality proteins and fatty substances
         | (there already exist genetically-modified fungus strains, e.g.
         | of Trichoderma, which can produce whey protein or egg-white
         | protein, i.e. much higher-quality proteins than those that can
         | be extracted from plants).
         | 
         | While the first 2 stages of capturing solar energy into simple
         | organic substances are things at which we should be able to
         | beat nature, at the synthesis of complex organic substances
         | like those that are necessary as food, but also for various
         | industrial applications, there is no known method that could
         | beat the biological enzymatic syntheses, so for such things the
         | solution are genetically-modified bacterial or fungal
         | organisms, not machines.
        
         | dennis_jeeves2 wrote:
         | >Basically, we have already beaten nature.
         | 
         | Are you really sure?
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | We have also beaten plants on some experimental schemes for
         | air-carbon capture. But organic synthesis is still incredibly
         | inefficient.
         | 
         | We are probably on the low 0.1%s of total efficiency of
         | converting solar power into organic molecules. And it's still
         | very capital intensive.
        
         | daveguy wrote:
         | > Basically, we have already beaten nature. Aiming to copy
         | nature at this game is probably fruitless.
         | 
         | As long as nature only consists of electricity. If it involves
         | matter we might not be quite at 20% efficiency (output:
         | physical work).
        
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