[HN Gopher] Military grade sonic weapon is used against proteste...
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       Military grade sonic weapon is used against protesters in Serbia
        
       Author : aquir
       Score  : 247 points
       Date   : 2025-03-16 20:40 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | chinathrow wrote:
       | These LRADs have always been planned to be used against mass
       | protests, from day one.
        
         | RickS wrote:
         | Planned? Perhaps. Destined? Certainly.
         | 
         | The imperial boomerang:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_boomerang
        
           | anthk wrote:
           | The Basque Country has been a huge sandbox against the later
           | leftist groups in the rest of Spain.
        
       | crooked-v wrote:
       | I've seen some theories that it was actually an ADS (basically a
       | low-power microwave beam, immensely painful but tuned to be just
       | under the threshold to actually cause visible burns), since there
       | haven't been any reported cases of permanent deafness yet.
       | 
       | The student organizers in the crowd did an incredible job
       | clearing people out of there before the police could escalate
       | further and cause more mob-crowding panic deaths.
        
         | boppo1 wrote:
         | >cases of permanent deafness
         | 
         | Ah so these sonic weapons are indeed seriously harmful. I was
         | wondering if hearing loss was a result.
        
       | ThePowerOfFuet wrote:
       | https://xcancel.com/nexta_tv/status/1901244199220982213
        
       | aquir wrote:
       | The protesters described the noise it was like something huge was
       | flying past over them, looking at the reaction it must've been
       | terrifying
        
       | hettygreen wrote:
       | Is there any counter measure for this?
       | 
       | Hardcore hearing protection?
       | 
       | Noise cancelling headphones?
       | 
       | Handheld sound insulation "shield"?
        
         | zoklet-enjoyer wrote:
         | https://youtu.be/CXKTBQBugIA
        
         | malfist wrote:
         | The report I read said it relied on bone conduction, so hearing
         | protection wouldn't do a whole lot. Only things that can
         | attenuate low frequency sounds before it gets to the ear. So
         | muff style headphones might work, or mass
        
           | gizajob wrote:
           | Ear muffs aren't going to do much against 160dB
        
           | wl wrote:
           | It's not so much that LRAD relies on bone conduction to
           | inflict pain (and sensorineural hearing loss!), but that the
           | sound levels are so high that even if you block the air
           | conduction route with earplugs, the bone conduction route
           | (approximately 30 dB of attenuation compared with air) still
           | might deliver enough sound to the inner ear to cause pain and
           | hearing loss.
           | 
           | This kind of thing is a problem on aircraft carriers, where
           | people working on the flight deck are so close to loud jets
           | that no amount of conventional hearing protection will
           | adequately conserve hearing. Creare has been working for the
           | last decade and a half on special helmets for the US Navy to
           | overcome this issue, resulting in the HGU-99/P Hearing
           | Protection Helmet.
        
           | darepublic wrote:
           | Can you have a device which upon detecting the frequency
           | emits some kind of counter vibration that cancels out th
           | attack?
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | It's not theoretically impossible but it is completely
             | impractical to engineer such a thing - destructive
             | interference has to be precisely matched to cancel out a
             | sound, and if it's not you just get "beats" as the phases
             | overlap.
             | 
             | And that match depends on matching frequency _and_ distance
             | - or having a very fast tuning system, and then you 've got
             | to do all this in a device that's not just another LRAD (at
             | which point you're back to "the best defense is a good
             | offense").
        
             | d1sxeyes wrote:
             | This is how active noise cancellation works in headphones.
             | You stick little microphones on the outside of the
             | headphones, then play back what's picked up through the
             | headphones themselves but with a very slight delay so all
             | the peaks and troughs match up. The problem is that you
             | need to put out sounds at least as loud, and that's a
             | pretty bad thing to get even slightly wrong if the energy
             | levels are that high.
        
               | treyd wrote:
               | You do it with the waves inverted otherwise the delay
               | would have to be dynamic and frequency dependent.
        
         | impossiblefork wrote:
         | Once there's violence targeting you, the solution is to bring
         | real weapons and resolve it using ordinary military tactics,
         | that is, you kill the operator.
        
           | seabass-labrax wrote:
           | "Attack is the best form of defence" is a well-grounded
           | doctrine, but it's not mutually exclusive with protecting
           | yourself. Armies use armoured vehicles even though armour-
           | piercing shells exist, for example.
           | 
           | It's also not always necessary; actively using force against
           | the authorities would essentially be the start of a civil
           | war, and personally I don't think starting a civil war is
           | more likely to result in change than peaceful protest. For
           | instance, Serbia is to some extent reliant on the EU, and has
           | expressed an interest in joining. That should force the
           | current government to reconsider and crack down on corruption
           | much better than an attempted coup would.
           | 
           | Full disclosure: I have never been to Serbia and this is just
           | my personal feeling. But for expressly peaceful protests to
           | seamlessly turn into a full-blown revolution, and a
           | successful one at that, seems incredibly unlikely to me.
        
             | impossiblefork wrote:
             | Yes, but these kinds of systems are not actually very good
             | as military weapons. They are easily countered by simply
             | shooting the operators.
        
               | dmurray wrote:
               | Are they? They seem easy enough to operate remotely, or
               | by a guy in a tank or a bulletproof Popemobile or
               | whatever.
        
               | impossiblefork wrote:
               | It's probably something like horn, or a speaker. A couple
               | of bullets are probably enough to break it.
        
           | 6r17 wrote:
           | Defensive measure are also enjoyable as they give an
           | increased tactical field - as to put it, they increase the
           | luck area.
        
             | impossiblefork wrote:
             | Yes, but presumably dealing with just a couple of systems
             | like this has to be a quick matter. These things are
             | probably off right now, so it's just a matter of finding
             | them, shooting the people guarding them and either
             | destroying or taking them.
        
           | ta1243 wrote:
           | Operator is typically thousands of kilometres away
        
             | impossiblefork wrote:
             | No, he's probably just around the corner, having just set
             | up the speakers and put on his hearing protection.
        
           | mmooss wrote:
           | That sounds bold and exciting, but it's clearly false and
           | terrible advice.
           | 
           | Violence, like warfare, is politics by other means. Every
           | expert knows that law of warfare - the first law of warfare,
           | in a sense - that it ends when and only when there is
           | political agreement. Even in warfare, violence just buys time
           | and changes your political position.
           | 
           | In countries with rule-of-law, you can use the political /
           | legal system to stop the violence and hold accountable the
           | perpetrators. In countries without, the only solution is
           | political.
           | 
           | It's also well-established that non-violence and other
           | tactics can be quite effective. While if you attack back and
           | injure others, your credibility and legality is gone - nobody
           | will listen to you or pay much attention to 'they started it'
           | (which the other side will dispute anyway).
        
             | impossiblefork wrote:
             | Once there's violence targeting you, the politics is over
             | and a different kind of problem solving begins.
             | 
             | If someone has attacked you and there has been no apology
             | or attempt to solve the situation, he must be eliminated.
             | Once he's done it, he may well try again, in which case you
             | might _die_. Better then to get rid of him.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | Use some thick metal plate as a shield and let it reflect the
         | sound back towards the source, most likely. Or something foamy,
         | like mattresses or the like, to just attenuate it. But I don't
         | think any of that would protect you if you're facing 160 dB
         | (though it would indeed be useful if you're farther from the
         | source); the appropriate tactic then is indeed to disperse
         | uniformly over a larger area and make it infeasible for your
         | adversary to launch a concentrated attack. (After all, this
         | _is_ how actual present-day military tactics copes with the
         | existence of much older  "area denial" weapons, such as machine
         | guns, tanks etc.) Your protests should then become more "hit
         | and run" in style, relying on highly visible gimmicks rather
         | than mere physical presence to demonstrate continued support.
        
           | lor_louis wrote:
           | That's the exact same circumstances that lead to the
           | development of guerilla warfare. I don't know how you'd go
           | around creating a "highly visible gimmick" that has any
           | lasting impact though.
        
         | rasz wrote:
         | FPV drone blowing up the LRAD. Total cost below $1000.
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | For all we know, certain types of deafness may be immune.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Earlier: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43377133
        
       | mdhb wrote:
       | I don't think governments should have access to the "make the
       | protestors immediately go away" button that they can just hit
       | whenever they want.
        
         | vvchvb wrote:
         | Governments, by definition, have legal access to anything they
         | can get their hands on.
        
           | seabass-labrax wrote:
           | That depends on where you put international law into this.
           | Since 1945 it has generally been considered that there's a
           | limit to the actions that a sovereign country can take.
           | International law might work primarily with treaties rather
           | than 'conventional' laws, but there are already parallels
           | with national legal systems. We have a kind of international
           | legislature (the United Nations General Assembly) and a
           | judiciary (the International Court of Justice).
        
         | ncallaway wrote:
         | The problem with these devices, for the government, is that the
         | people _might_ come back, but this time with tools designed to
         | defeat these devices (such as guns as explosives). If that
         | happens, it can be _very_ bad (for both parties).
         | 
         | Overuse of these kinds of things is...dangerous for the
         | government
        
       | neilv wrote:
       | I wonder how the engineers and scientists who contributed to that
       | less-lethal weapon feel about it.
        
         | aaomidi wrote:
         | Same way Google engineers feel about their AI models being used
         | to target Palestinians.
        
           | neilv wrote:
           | There are "dual-use" systems, and there are systems that are
           | only weapons.
           | 
           | There's also technologies and basic research, but those are
           | different matters.
           | 
           | I'm first interested in the more straightforward situation of
           | the people who worked on a less-lethal weapon system, which
           | they might've anticipated would be used in exactly this way.
           | What do they think about that?
        
             | tonyhart7 wrote:
             | their first thought was maybe that used again riot or
             | violence in the first place not necessarily to attack
             | people
             | 
             | I mean its just moral Highground at this point, same can be
             | said for Oppenheimer if he didn't do it maybe war that more
             | costly would occur
        
               | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
               | Can you have the moral high ground if you're using
               | violence against your people?
        
               | tonyhart7 wrote:
               | well if they turn out out to be violence and can be
               | destructive (they called riot), yes they can
        
             | g-b-r wrote:
             | > I'm first interested in the more straightforward
             | situation of the people who worked on a less-lethal weapon
             | system, which they might've anticipated would be used in
             | exactly this way. What do they think about that?
             | 
             | It seems easy to justify it as "it will take the place of
             | lethal weapons", as with tazers
        
           | heraldgeezer wrote:
           | I stand with Israel btw.
        
         | codedokode wrote:
         | "Well I am not breaking any laws so this won't be used against
         | me. And I need money anyway"
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | I've worked on lethal weapons. I feel great!
        
           | neilv wrote:
           | (Just to be clear, I think weapons in general can be used for
           | good, as well as for bad.)
           | 
           | From your perspective, can you guess how you'd feel building
           | _a less-lethal weapons system like is the subject of this
           | post_ , given what you think the typical uses of it would be?
        
         | avaika wrote:
         | This has to be about people who pushes the button. Not about
         | the people who invents the technology. Otherwise you might want
         | to stop all the kitchen knifes production, cause people
         | occasionally use those to kill each other.
        
           | giraffe_lady wrote:
           | No there is a very clear difference of responsibility between
           | creating an instrument that can be turned towards harm and
           | one that is designed to cause it. Someone designed,
           | engineered, and built these tools knowing this is what they
           | were to be used for.
        
           | ncallaway wrote:
           | Okay, but if the tool is a weapon and is designed
           | specifically to inflict harm on humans, then I think that
           | analogy completely breaks down.
        
         | Jach wrote:
         | Probably enjoyed working on cool sci-fi shit. Invisible weapons
         | are pretty cool -- though I think conceptually the heat ray
         | class (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Denial_System?usesk
         | in=v...) is cooler than the LRAD class. How they're used or
         | should be used? An unimportant question in the face of
         | coolness. Then there's just basic pride in good engineering or
         | craftsmanship that can help spark joy in whatever one is
         | working on, from weapons to some hairy enterprise legacy ball
         | of mud you're slowly making improvements to. A silly quote I've
         | always liked, from Nathaniel Borenstein: "It should be noted
         | that no ethically-trained software engineer would ever consent
         | to write a "DestroyBaghdad" procedure. Basic professional
         | ethics would instead require him to write a "DestroyCity"
         | procedure, to which "Baghdad" could be given as a parameter."
        
       | tptacek wrote:
       | LRADs have been used against protesters in Australia, New
       | Zealand, the United States, France, and Germany.
        
         | sega_sai wrote:
         | I don't necessarily dispute that claim, but do you have
         | evidence to support it ?
        
           | rtkwe wrote:
           | It's extensively covered on the wikipedia page alone.
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-
           | range_acoustic_device#Uni...
           | 
           | Also if you just google "LRAD use in [country]" there are
           | source for any country you're actually wondering about...
        
         | photodeveloper wrote:
         | I assume it was used to disperse riots, in Serbia it was used
         | as people were standing peacefully, observing 15 minutes of
         | silence.
        
         | mmooss wrote:
         | Very important to know, though could you share a source where
         | we can read about it?
        
       | casenmgreen wrote:
       | Serbia is one of the Russian-controlled Governments, along with
       | Hungary and Georgia; these are the countries where we expect to
       | see such attacks made to suppress protest.
       | 
       | (USA is not controlled, any more than say China is controlled,
       | but is an authoritarian regime (so no real elections), so there's
       | a shared world view, and here also I would expect to see much the
       | same.)
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | > Serbia is one of the Russian-controlled Governments
         | 
         | Serbia is a major weapons supplier for Ukraine [0][1][2] and
         | has backed Ukraine's stance on Crimea as it has implications
         | for Serbia's stance on Kosovo.
         | 
         | Vucic only cares about Vucic, and will work with any country
         | (Germany [3], Russia, China [4], America [5], Turkiye [6], UAE
         | [7], etc) to continue to hold power and balance alternatives.
         | 
         | By becoming close with every major player in the region, it
         | makes it easier for Vucic to continue to crackdown on
         | opposition without dealing with condemnations (eg. Germany will
         | remain silent because of the billions in FDI).
         | 
         | Orban did the same thing, but after grinding the EP to a halt,
         | patients for Orban grew thin. By remaining outside the EU,
         | Vucic can continue to hold power while not burning that many
         | bridges with European leadership.
         | 
         | > USA is not controlled, any more than say China is controlled,
         | but is an authoritarian regime (so no real elections)
         | 
         | Huh? Serbia is a night and day difference to the US. The best
         | comparison to the US is probably Israel.
         | 
         | [0] - https://www.reuters.com/world/leaked-us-intel-document-
         | claim...
         | 
         | [1] - https://www.economist.com/europe/2024/09/19/ukraine-is-a-
         | boo...
         | 
         | [2] -
         | https://www.ft.com/content/136ed721-fd50-4815-8314-d9df8dc67...
         | 
         | [3] - https://www.politico.eu/article/serbian-president-
         | aleksandar...
         | 
         | [4] - https://apnews.com/article/serbia-china-xi-jinping-visit-
         | nat...
         | 
         | [5] - https://amp.dw.com/en/serbia-and-us-the-next-great-trans-
         | atl...
         | 
         | [6] - https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/defense-at-
         | for...
         | 
         | [7] - https://www.mei.edu/publications/serbias-best-friend-
         | arab-wo...
        
           | casenmgreen wrote:
           | I am corrected.
           | 
           | Thank you, and very much; I had thought I knew where Serbia
           | was in things, but I was mistaken. I don't want to be
           | mistaken, especially not now, where the situation is so
           | serious. It's an excellent post, and I'm very grateful to you
           | for the time you spent pulling all the links together.
        
             | Davidp00 wrote:
             | Given the correction, can you edit your initial comment?
        
         | qingcharles wrote:
         | I don't think it's totally clear-cut that the USA isn't
         | currently Russian-controlled, at least in terms of some of the
         | higher offices.
        
         | grujicd wrote:
         | It's incorrect that Serbia has Russian-controlled government.
         | Why would you say that? We're quite capable of having our own
         | independent dictator, thank you. If anything, Vucic was widely
         | supported by EU. One of our problems is that there's almost no
         | pressure on government from any external side - not from US,
         | not from EU, not from Russia, not from China. Opposition is
         | entirely internal.
        
           | hahamaster wrote:
           | If you're not rabidly Russophobic then you're pro-Russian
           | puppet controlled by Putin - didn't you know?
        
         | codedokode wrote:
         | It is not Russia-controlled but it has a long history of
         | relationship with Russia: for example, Russian Empire entered
         | WW1 to protect Serbia.
        
       | elaus wrote:
       | Even without knowing the background of those protests: It is
       | heartbreaking to see a crowd of peaceful people (seemingly during
       | a moment of silence) being attacked by their own country and
       | fleeing in panic and pain.
        
         | martin_a wrote:
         | Here's some background:
         | https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2g8v32q30o
        
       | anticensor wrote:
       | Dupe: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43377133
        
       | observationist wrote:
       | Serbia had the LRAD systems on hand, after buying them in 2022,
       | most likely from Genasys, but possibly from HyperSpike.
       | 
       | https://genasys.com/lrad-products/
       | 
       | It's a legal gray area in Serbia where the use against civilians
       | isn't explicitly forbidden, so they're playing fast and loose and
       | moving fast to crush opposition. It's better than troops just
       | gunning people down, but for a modern, supposedly civilized
       | country it's horrible to see.
       | 
       | The people in power are the type of people that use their power
       | in these ways. The US shouldn't be supplying them. We're not the
       | world police, we don't need to enforce global norms, and we
       | shouldn't be selling hyperoffensive mass crowd control
       | technology. They should be limited to Temu LRAD, or their LRAD at
       | home; we shouldn't be providing them S-Tier dystopian
       | authoritarian kits for DIY oppression.
       | 
       | The people that profited off of this are a special kind of evil.
       | We shouldn't be outfitting dictators, gangsters, or warlords.
       | 
       | But, greed is good. The dollar is king. This is what happens when
       | incentives and principles don't align.
        
         | tonyhart7 wrote:
         | the only acceptable condition to use it maybe if there are riot
         | or violence breakout in that area not for peaceful protest
        
           | timewizard wrote:
           | It's a weapon meant to deny the use of an area by threatening
           | non-selective permanent physical damage. There are very few
           | legitimate civil use cases for something like that.
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | Something like protecting the capitol from being stormed by
             | a mob?
        
               | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
               | Only if you want to justify the mob's presence there.
        
               | timewizard wrote:
               | I might have tried just closing and locking the doors
               | first.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | Yes because Trump's lot are too stupid to break down
               | windows and doors
               | 
               | https://edition.cnn.com/videos/politics/2021/01/06/jim-
               | himes...
        
               | alabastervlog wrote:
               | You could outfit the front steps with crewed machine
               | guns, but apparently they only do that if they expect
               | people protesting _in favor of_ liberal values.
        
           | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
           | If you were at a protest that was starting to get a bit rowdy
           | and somebody used one of these on you, what would you do? I'd
           | either come back prepared for actual violence, or switch from
           | protest to sabotage.
           | 
           | It just screams "escalation" to me.
        
             | propagandist wrote:
             | And that is possibly the aim. When the protests turn into
             | violence or sabotage, the state uses that to justify its
             | own violent repression.
        
               | tonyhart7 wrote:
               | so you saying if there are violence or sabotage, you let
               | these people do it??? how can that be better
        
             | NewJazz wrote:
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_riot
        
             | Philorandroid wrote:
             | Are chemical irritants preferable, then? Or just LEOs in
             | riot gear with rubber batons? There's no amount of pushback
             | or repercussion that a rioter will feel is fair or humane,
             | and the mindset of "I'll turn violent and/or destructive if
             | my participation in civil unrest is punished" is a perfect
             | justification for these systems to exist.
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | > There's no amount of pushback or repercussion that a
               | rioter will feel is fair or humane
               | 
               | I mean you're talking about using violence against people
               | to stop or prevent property damage. Most options are off
               | the table in the moment, in the same way you can't
               | execute someone if you catch them vandalizing your car.
               | Smashing their fingers with a hammer wouldn't probably
               | kill them but you can't do that either.
               | 
               | After-the-fact repercussions like criminal charges or
               | civil liabilities, well, it doesn't matter how they feel
               | about it? That's not how court works.
        
               | tehjoker wrote:
               | maybe the government should consider protestor demands
               | and reform in many cases
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _If you were at a protest that was starting to get a bit
             | rowdy and somebody used one of these on you, what would you
             | do?_
             | 
             | Leave. The moment it turns into a riot you're doing damage
             | to your cause. (If you're in a protest and see hooligans,
             | restrain them.)
        
           | AngryData wrote:
           | I don't find it acceptable for any reason whatsoever.
        
         | camilo2025 wrote:
         | You are aware that these LRAD systems have been used against US
         | citizens, aren't you?
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | When?
        
             | alborzb wrote:
             | NYPD -- https://gothamist.com/news/city-settles-lawsuit-
             | protesters-w...
        
             | worldsayshi wrote:
             | Apparently used multiple times during Black Lives Matter
             | protests: https://www.globenewswire.com/news-
             | release/2020/06/04/204368...
        
             | perching_aix wrote:
             | Here you go: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-
             | range_acoustic_device#Uni...
             | 
             | Was an especially commonly discussed topic in 2020 during
             | the George Floyd related protests. Some notable video
             | resources on how to defend against these devices and what
             | one can expect: [0] and [1]. To save you time, if i
             | remember correctly, the most effective is one of those
             | plastic riot shields held in reverse to direct the sound
             | back at the sender (notably pretty difficult when you don't
             | want to just hit other protesters, or don't know where the
             | sound is coming from and/or are getting hit by
             | reflections).
             | 
             | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXKTBQBugIA
             | 
             | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3sqIvak-4Ek
        
           | observationist wrote:
           | Yes - we've got a long way to go with regards to these
           | technologies.
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | Police also regularly use tear gas against US citizens. These
           | are weapons that would violate the Geneva convention, but
           | we're okay with them to disperse a crowd.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | What would ICC think of it, I wonder.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | The ICC is fine with it. France is a particularly big fan
               | of firing tear gas canisters at protestors. It's not just
               | the US.
        
             | laweijfmvo wrote:
             | are they against the Geneva convention because of the
             | direct effects, or because in a war you'd then proceed to
             | kill everyone while they're coughing?
        
               | jvanderbot wrote:
               | Both? Indiscriminate chemical weapons is the issue, not
               | the intent. Otherwise wouldn't all weapons be illegal?
        
               | seabass-labrax wrote:
               | Some weapons are intrinsically forbidden because of their
               | effects on individuals: soft-point bullets for instance.
               | These are as discriminate as you want them to be, but are
               | nonetheless prohibited in conflicts. Thus it's not just
               | indiscriminate weapons that are banned by international
               | agreement!
        
               | NewJazz wrote:
               | AIUI they are mainly banned because they could lead to
               | escalations in chemical weapons usage. If your enemy uses
               | tear gas vs cs gas, it could be hard to tell right away
               | and you might feel pressure to use all the tools you have
               | available (including lethal chemical weapons) vs. Play by
               | the rules.
               | 
               | Of course if you are fighting a real war, there is
               | probably going to be chem weapons used. It happened in
               | Syria. It is happening in Ukraine. It will keep
               | happening. Geneva convention is wishful thinking.
        
               | tehjoker wrote:
               | something to consider is that in the Gulf War (Operation
               | Desert Storm) the military used a bunker buster on a
               | Sarin gas storage facility and shot the sarin high into
               | the atmosphere, where it then floated far downwind and
               | landed on US troops. Ofc, reporting on it doesn't really
               | consider Iraqi civilians and is only weepy about US
               | soldiers.
               | 
               | https://www.utsouthwestern.edu/newsroom/articles/year-202
               | 2/s...
        
               | seabass-labrax wrote:
               | It's because of the direct effects; chlorine gas for
               | instance will almost instantly blind anyone exposed to
               | it, and tear gas can also be fatal. My great-grandfather
               | was gassed in the First World War and only narrowly
               | survived. Chemical weapons were technically already
               | banned by this point, but it was WW1 that prompted the
               | modern Geneva Protocol (not the Geneva Conventions; these
               | are slight different). Unfortunately, none of the Geneva
               | treaties cover their use outside of wartime.
        
             | sa46 wrote:
             | The Geneva Convention bans all chemical weapons. Part of
             | the rationale for a total ban is to avoid escalating to
             | more dangerous chemical agents. Helpful r/AskHistorians
             | thread:
             | 
             | https://old.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/gwtj89/the_
             | c...
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Part of the rationale for a total ban is to avoid
               | escalating to more dangerous chemical agents_
               | 
               | Chemical weapons are tactically useless for modern
               | militaries [1]. You're pretty much always better off
               | pounding with high explosives.
               | 
               | And there isn't a known path to escalation potential. If
               | there were, everyone would be developing it.
               | 
               | [1] https://acoup.blog/2020/03/20/collections-why-dont-
               | we-use-ch...
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Chemical weapons are tactically useless to the American
               | combat doctrine, as described in that article. As we have
               | seen, the Russian doctrine (and Ukraine's doctrine)
               | relies on much more brute force to push a meter at a time
               | and much more indiscriminate damage. It's hard to imagine
               | chemical weapons being useless.
               | 
               | He makes the mistake of looking at how the US military
               | fights and thinking that is the only way to fight a war.
        
             | tbrownaw wrote:
             | > _These are weapons that would violate the Geneva
             | convention, but we 're okay with them to disperse a crowd._
             | 
             | Isn't that a category ban that came out of a couple
             | specific members of that category that were used and had
             | particularly nasty effects? And then countries' domestic
             | law enforcement rules tend to be defined in different
             | terms.
        
               | EA-3167 wrote:
               | It is. People think that the "Frangible bullets and
               | teargas banned by the Genevan Conventions" means that
               | they're seen as too cruel to use in war. Unfortunately
               | the "wisdom of crowds" that we've created on social media
               | has decided that it does.
               | 
               | The reality is that we're talking about the views of
               | people in 1925, as informed by a previous group of people
               | in the late 1800's. They were far more concerned with
               | avoiding the use of gas as a weapon than in dealing with
               | the LD50 of the various gasses.
               | 
               | Likewise with frangible/hollow-point ammunition, it isn't
               | even banned by the Geneva Conventions, it was banned
               | under the now-defunct Hague Convention. For better or
               | worse they thought that these "tumbling" or "expanding"
               | bullets were designed to inflict intentionally greater
               | suffering. Who knows maybe the versions that existed in
               | the late 1800's did too, the ones today aren't used
               | because they're worthless against even modest body armor.
               | 
               | But again, people just see text on a picture in a meme
               | and take it to heart.
        
             | conception wrote:
             | Generally if you do it to your own people the world is fine
             | with.. just about anything.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Serbia is currently using it on its own people, and yet
               | we here we are reading about it and discussing, with no
               | small amount of outrage.
        
             | killjoywashere wrote:
             | Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) (a follow-on to the 1925
             | "Geneva Convention") allows for the use of riot control
             | agents (like tear gas) for law enforcement purposes.
             | 
             | https://www.opcw.org/our-work/what-chemical-weapon
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | I think that's inline with what the point the GP was
               | trying to make. Tear gas would otherwise fall into the
               | definition of a weapon that would violate the Geneva
               | Convention if not for the specific earmark that its okay
               | for law enforcement to use it.
               | 
               | Its a bit of a logical loop based only on definitions.
               | Its not against the convention because the law includes
               | the exception, but the exception otherwise goes against
               | the principles of the convention.
        
               | ty6853 wrote:
               | Suppressing protests in US isn't usually law enforcement,
               | its purpose is to violate the law and suppress speech.
        
           | inopinatus wrote:
           | > We shouldn't be outfitting dictators, gangsters, or
           | warlords
           | 
           | Perhaps that was the subtext.
        
           | spacecadet wrote:
           | My American Citizen score card:
           | 
           | LRAD + Tear gas 2009
           | 
           | Tear gas 2017
           | 
           | Tear gas 2021
           | 
           | Still got the exhausted canister from 2009 as a souvenir.
           | Carry a bottle of water, the tear gas rinses out quickly.
        
             | kylecazar wrote:
             | You were among the first to get hit by LRAD in the country!
             | Congrats?
        
         | g-b-r wrote:
         | Yes, but the US has done enormously worse than that with arms
         | sales/donations
        
           | smallmancontrov wrote:
           | Everything short of the worst we've ever done is totally OK?
           | What even is this argument?
        
             | shermantanktop wrote:
             | This attempted deflection is as old as the hills. The
             | Soviet Union spent a great deal of propaganda time talking
             | about American slavery and Jim Crow, and it wasn't because
             | they cared about the issues. We call it "whatabout" now but
             | it's been the first defensive move when defending the
             | indefensible for ages.
        
           | heraldgeezer wrote:
           | Ah "but the USA!!". Cant tell if you are a suburb leftie who
           | lives there or a russian troll.
        
       | impossiblefork wrote:
       | It really isn't smart to do this kind of thing.
       | 
       | Once an organization actually attacks you, it's very easy to
       | decide that any legitimacy they view themselves as having is
       | irrelevant and to come back next Monday with mortars and machine
       | guns.
        
         | captainkrtek wrote:
         | Reminds me of the escalation seen in the Ukrainian Maidan, went
         | from some heavy handed policing to non-lethal rounds (eg:
         | teargas / beanbags) to BBs to snipers and live firing on
         | crowds.
        
           | impossiblefork wrote:
           | Yes, although that was exceptionally irrational, to the point
           | where I don't really feel I understand the events.
        
             | tpm wrote:
             | It would be rational if you would think killing a few (or a
             | lot of) protesters will intimidate the rest of the country
             | into submission. It didn't, but it could have.
        
               | impossiblefork wrote:
               | But nobody thinks that way. If they can kill your
               | friends, they can round you up afterwards and kill you.
               | 
               | Once it gets to that point, there's no reason not to
               | immediately organize a military response.
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | Hold on to that thought we're going to need it this
               | summer.
        
               | nkmnz wrote:
               | Almost every single authoritarian thinks that way. That's
               | how they stay in power. Please google Volksaufstand
               | (1953), Hungarian Uprising (1956), Prague Spring (1968),
               | Tiananmen (1989), Vilnius Massacre (1991)...
        
             | timeon wrote:
             | Unfortunately, it worked in Belarus.
        
         | crooked-v wrote:
         | Estimates are that something like 300,000+ people were out
         | actively protesting just in Belgrade... in a country of 6.6
         | million people.
        
           | impossiblefork wrote:
           | Yes, but polarization is a possibility. You can't know you're
           | the majority, so until violence is used against you, you
           | don't necessarily have a reason to turn the thing into a
           | civil war.
        
         | tbrownaw wrote:
         | > _any legitimacy they view themselves as having_
         | 
         | I'm pretty sure that's not actually how power or legitimacy
         | work anyway.
        
           | impossiblefork wrote:
           | Once they're shooting at you, or going after you in some
           | other way, that legitimacy etc. is irrelevant, simply because
           | they're going after you.
           | 
           | The solution is then always an organized military response.
           | This applies whether it's your government or somebody else's.
        
       | dist-epoch wrote:
       | That's some impressive range, 200 meters.
       | 
       | And it seems as effective in the back as in the front.
       | 
       | I bet this video will 10x the orders for these devices.
        
       | grujicd wrote:
       | Close friend who was on the spot described it as car or plane
       | running towards you, you don't only hear it, you also feel
       | vibrations in the body creating panic and fear.
       | 
       | All demonstrations of LRAD I heard on youtube were with high
       | pitched sound, not a "whoosh" as witnesses experienced last night
       | in Belgrade. Can these devices play any kind of sound?
       | 
       | What is described by victims, and what can be heard on some
       | recordings from last nights, sounds more like Vortex Cannon:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJpChS-_RJg
        
       | nntwozz wrote:
       | What happened to just shouting at each other? That would have
       | been more civilized.
        
       | hello_computer wrote:
       | These are peaceful civilians. This affront must be answered in
       | blood.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%E2%80%93present_Serbian_a...
        
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