[HN Gopher] OpenAI asks White House for relief from state AI rules
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       OpenAI asks White House for relief from state AI rules
        
       Author : jonbaer
       Score  : 751 points
       Date   : 2025-03-13 12:20 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (finance.yahoo.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (finance.yahoo.com)
        
       | freedomben wrote:
       | Related (adjacent content from the same report):
       | 
       |  _OpenAI urges Trump administration to remove guardrails for the
       | industry (cnbc.com)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43354324
        
         | freedomben wrote:
         | Apparently the above has been marked as a dupe (I hope not from
         | a misunderstanding of what "adjacent" means), but ftr it covers
         | different stuff. e.g. there's nothing about the classified data
         | model proposal in TFA
        
           | pvg wrote:
           | Slightly different coverage of the same event usually count
           | as dupes on HN. You could link the reporting you want to
           | emphasize/discuss, the HN submission itself is not that
           | important.
        
       | dsr_ wrote:
       | You see, American AI is going to take over the world. It's just
       | that it's temporarily short of funds. I mean, GPUs. Uh, there are
       | pesky laws in the way.
       | 
       | Totally not the fault of a gigantic overcommitment based on
       | wishing, no.
        
       | gkoberger wrote:
       | I hate this game. I hate that Sam Altman publicly supported Trump
       | (both financially and by showing up). Maybe I hate that he "had"
       | to do this for the sake of his company, or maybe I hate that he
       | _didn't_ have to do it and is a hypocrite. Maybe I just hate how
       | easily laws can be shaped by $1M and a few nice words. Either
       | way, I hate that it worked.
        
         | jokethrowaway wrote:
         | centralising power never works well for the good of society
        
           | kelseyfrog wrote:
           | That's correct. Voluntary association advocated by anarchy is
           | the only truly free social model.
        
             | UncleEntity wrote:
             | I heard rumblings about some sort of system where power is
             | shared equally across three branches of government with
             | checks and balances to ensure one branch doesn't go rogue
             | and just do whatever they want.
             | 
             | Forget what they called it, united something or other.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | Well, the people who designed that system were very
               | skeptical of political parties in general, and thought
               | they could be avoided. Turns out that this isn't true,
               | and once you have parties, they can in fact capture all
               | three branches of government, and then those "checks and
               | balances" kinda stop working.
        
               | UncleEntity wrote:
               | Yeah, I think that is unfortunately the fate of all
               | political systems.
               | 
               | Maybe our AI overlords will do a better job this time if
               | they are unconstrained from any lawful oversight. I mean,
               | one can hope...
        
               | kelseyfrog wrote:
               | In fact, that's not too far away from our current
               | trajectory. Algorithmically enforced sovereign oversight
               | is part of the patchwork state and Yarvinism
               | specifically.
        
               | slt2021 wrote:
               | whatever you had in mind, thats definitely not the USA,
               | where money/lobbying and inter-partisan corruption trump
               | everything
        
           | danans wrote:
           | It's not true that it never works.
           | 
           | Centralizing production goals, decision making, and
           | expenditure at the Federal government is what made the
           | industrial response to WW2 successful. Centralizing tax
           | revenue to fund retirements for the elderly (Social Security)
           | resulted in the poverty rate of seniors being brought far
           | lower. Centralizing zoning control at the state of California
           | is _finally_ starting to make localities take responsibility
           | for building more housing. These were/are centralizing
           | efforts with the intent of helping the masses over the
           | wealthy few.
           | 
           | What doesn't work is centralizing power with the intent of
           | concentrating wealth and security by taking wealth, labor,
           | and security from working people, AKA extractive
           | institutions.
           | 
           | That's true whether it's the donor-class funded political
           | establishment or regimes like the current US kleptocracy
           | doing it.
        
             | int_19h wrote:
             | Problem is, once you centralize, that remains in place for
             | a long time, but the original intent, even if it was
             | genuine, rarely outlives the people who implemented it for
             | long.
             | 
             | Generally speaking, every point of centralization is also a
             | point where a lot of power can be acquired with relatively
             | little resources. So regardless of intent, it attracts
             | people who are into power, and over time, they take over.
             | The original intent often remains symbolically and in the
             | rhetoric used, but when you look beyond that into the
             | actual policies, they are increasingly divorced from what
             | is actually claimed.
        
               | danans wrote:
               | > Generally speaking, every point of centralization is
               | also a point where a lot of power can be acquired with
               | relatively little resources
               | 
               | This is why (1) shared principles and (2) credible
               | democracy is important, to allow evolution of the
               | centralized power (i.e. government) towards the shared
               | principles, and why its corporate-bribed facsimile or
               | oligarchic authoritarianism don't work.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | Credibility of democracy breaks down as you scale upward
               | (which you have to do if you want to centralize). Any
               | representative democracy in which the representative
               | doesn't know all the people they represent is already
               | suspect, but when you get to the point where a single guy
               | supposedly represents hundreds of thousands or even
               | millions, it's kinda obvious that there's no meaningful
               | representation involved. The only way to avoid that is to
               | grow the parliament instead to the point where it ceases
               | to function as a deliberative assembly (and then what's
               | the point of it?).
               | 
               | Or you can have a bunch of smaller assemblies that
               | actually are representative, and then a larger one to
               | which assemblies delegate their own to cooperate. But
               | that's exactly political decentralization - a multi-level
               | federation.
        
             | jokethrowaway wrote:
             | I think it can work for a short period of time if you have
             | enlightened leaders or if the political machine wants to
             | please you; they always alternate pleasing some people and
             | upsetting others so that they can keep control.
             | 
             | Over a long period of time the interest of the powerful
             | will always win. There is a reason if no government
             | (whether left or right) can fix the situation and
             | inequality between the top 0.01% and the rest keeps
             | increasing.
             | 
             | The only solution to maximise wellbeing for individuals is
             | to reduce the amount of control the powerful can exert on
             | the rest of society.
        
           | Xelynega wrote:
           | Interesting way to put it after seeing a very specific
           | "centralizing of power", that being the people with the most
           | capital making the decisions.
           | 
           | Why would centralizing power in a different way(e.x.
           | democratically) not lead to a different outcome than
           | centralizing power in the way we do now?
        
             | jokethrowaway wrote:
             | I don't think someone with more capital should be able to
             | make the decisions
             | 
             | That's what we're getting with "democracy" because
             | ultimately swaying the opinion of a lot of people (in this
             | technological time) requires money. No wonder the powerful
             | elite or their puppets end up making decision for the
             | majority.
             | 
             | No, what I advocate for is for decentralisation of power, I
             | don't want any central entity making choices for me.
             | 
             | Someone with capital should be able to offer to buy me out
             | but they shouldn't be able to tax me or decide what happens
             | to me or my property.
        
         | Cheer2171 wrote:
         | > I hate this game.
         | 
         | This is tech. This is how it has always been. From Archemedes
         | to DaVinci to Edison to Ford, technologists are always captured
         | to serve the interests of those in power. Most modern
         | technologists don't want to believe this. They grew up building
         | an Internet that had a bit of countercultural flair to it and
         | undermined a few subsets of entrenched elites (mass media, taxi
         | cartels, etc.), so they convinced themselves that they could
         | control society under their wise hands. Except the same thing
         | that always happened happened: the powers that be are now
         | treating tech the way tech treats everyone else.
        
           | nwhnwh wrote:
           | Could you please recommend a book about this?
        
             | corndoge wrote:
             | _A Canticle for Leibowitz_
        
             | mystraline wrote:
             | Wealth of Nations (read past pg 50, unlike most current
             | economists)
             | 
             | Das kapital, as a critique to Smith's writing.
             | 
             | Communist manifesto, to understand the point of the
             | laborer, and not capital.
             | 
             | Read about worker cooperatives and democracy in the
             | workplace, including Mondragon corp in Spain.
             | 
             | (One of the largest problems we have with any economic
             | system is that none can properly model infinites. The cost
             | of creating new is expensive be it art or science. But cost
             | of copying is effectively 0. I can highlight the problem,
             | but I have no good solution. But OpenAI's response is 'let
             | us ignore copyright law' which wrongs creators.)
        
           | wildpeaks wrote:
           | It made sense to ponder given HN attracts people with the
           | hacker mindset (the drive of curiosity to understand how
           | things work and how to improve them, not merely accepting the
           | status quo as gospel like the dry monkeys) and frustration is
           | a good signal that something could be improved.
        
             | scudsworth wrote:
             | whats a dry monkey
        
           | lmc wrote:
           | Apple seem to be holding the line ok:
           | 
           | https://www.reuters.com/technology/apple-investors-reject-
           | pr...
           | 
           | https://news.sky.com/story/apple-removes-end-to-end-
           | security...
        
       | dchichkov wrote:
       | >> In the proposal, OpenAI also said the U.S. needs "a copyright
       | strategy that promotes the freedom to learn" and on "preserving
       | American AI models' ability to learn from copyrighted material."
       | 
       | Perhaps also symmetric "freedom to learn" from OpenAI models,
       | with some provisions / naming convention? U.S. labs are limited
       | in this way, while labs in China are not.
        
         | sega_sai wrote:
         | I like how this "freedom to learn" should apply to models, but
         | not real people..
        
           | TheSoftwareGuy wrote:
           | It already applies to real people, doesn't it? I.e. if you
           | read a book, you're not allowed to start printing and selling
           | copies of that book without permission of the copyright
           | owner, but if you learn something from that book you can use
           | that knowledge, just like a model could.
        
             | m1el wrote:
             | when it comes to real people, they get sued into oblivion
             | for downloading copyrighted content, even for the purpose
             | of learning. but when facebook & openai do it, at a much
             | larger scale, suddenly the laws must be changed.
        
               | ryoshu wrote:
               | Case in point -
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Swartz
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | Swartz wasn't "downloading copyrighted content...for the
               | purpose of learning," he was downloading with the intent
               | to distribute. That doesn't justify how he was treated.
               | But it's not analogous to the limited argument for LLMs
               | that don't regurgitate the copyrighted content.
        
               | Terretta wrote:
               | > _when it comes to real people, they get sued into
               | oblivion for downloading copyrighted content, even for
               | the purpose of learning._
               | 
               | Really? Or do they get sued for sharing as in
               | republishing without transformation? Arguably a URL
               | providing copyrighted content, is you offering a xerox
               | machine.
               | 
               | It seems most "sued into oblivion" are the reshare
               | problem, not the get one for myself problem.
        
               | conjectures wrote:
               | It does apply to people? When you read a copy of a book,
               | you can't be sued for making a copy of the book in the
               | synapses of your brain.
               | 
               | Now, if you have eidetic memory and write out large
               | chunks of the book from memory and publish them, that's
               | what you could be sued for.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | > When you read a copy of a book
               | 
               | They're not talking about _reading_ a book FFS. You
               | absolutely can be sued for illegally obtaining a copy of
               | the book.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | This is not about memory or training. The LLM training
               | process is not being run on books streamed directly off
               | the internet or from real-time footage of a book.
               | 
               | What these companies are doing is:
               | 
               | 1. Obtain a free copy of a work in some way.
               | 
               | 2. Store this copy in a format that's amenable to
               | training.
               | 
               | 3. Train their models on the stored copy, months or years
               | after step 1 happened.
               | 
               | The illegal part happens in steps 1 and/or 2. Step 3 is
               | perhaps debatable - maybe it's fair to argue that the
               | model is learning in the same sense as a human reading a
               | book, so the model is perhaps not illegally created.
               | 
               | But the training set that the company is storing is full
               | of illegally obtained or at least illegally copied works.
               | 
               | What they're doing _before_ the training step is exactly
               | like building a library by going with a portable copier
               | into bookshops and creating copies of every book in that
               | bookshop.
        
               | visarga wrote:
               | But making copies for yourself, without distributing
               | them, is different than making copies for others. Google
               | is downloading copyrighted content from everywhere
               | online, but they don't redistribute their scraped
               | content.
               | 
               | Even web browsing implies making copies of copyrighted
               | pages, we can't tell the copyright status of a page
               | without loading it, at which point a copy has been made
               | in memory.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | Making copies of an original you don't own/didn't obtain
               | legally is not fair use. Also, this type of personal
               | copying doesn't apply to corporations making copies to be
               | distributed among their employees (it might apply to a
               | company making a copy for archival, though).
        
               | codedokode wrote:
               | > But making copies for yourself, without distributing
               | them,
               | 
               | If this was legal, nobody would be paying for software.
        
             | triceratops wrote:
             | Can I download a book without paying for it, and print
             | copies of it? Stash copies in my bathroom, the gym, my
             | office, my bedroom etc. to basically have a copy on hand to
             | study from whenever I have some free time?
             | 
             | What about movies and music?
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | > Can I download a book without paying for it, and print
               | copies of it?
               | 
               | No, but you can _read_ a book, learn its contents, and
               | then write and publish your own book to teach the
               | information to others. The operation of an AI is rather
               | closer to that than it is to copyright violation.
               | 
               | "Should" there be protections against AI training? Maybe!
               | But copyright law as it stands is woefully inadequate to
               | the task, and IMHO a lot of people aren't really treating
               | with this. We need a functioning government to write
               | well-considered laws for the benefit of all here. We'll
               | see what we get.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | But I can't legally obtain the book to read and learn
               | from without me (or a library) paying for it. Let's start
               | there first.
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | Yes, but the learning isn't constrained by those laws. If
               | I steal a book and read it, I'm guilty of the crime of
               | theft. You can put me in jail, try me before a jury, fine
               | me, and put me in prison according to whatever laws I
               | broke.
               | 
               | Nothing in my sentence constrains my ability to teach
               | someone else the stuff I learned, though! In fact, the
               | first amendment makes it pretty damn clear that nothing
               | _can_ constrain that freedom.
               | 
               | Also, note that the example is malformed: in almost all
               | these cases, Meta et. al. aren't "stealing" anything
               | anyway. They're downloading and reading stuff on the
               | internet that is available for free. If you or I can't be
               | prosecuted for reading a preprint from arXiv.org or
               | whatever, it's a very hard case to make that an AI can.
               | 
               | Again, copyright isn't the tool here. We need better
               | laws.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | > copyright isn't the tool here
               | 
               | It's not the _only_ tool. I agree that  "use for ML"
               | should be an additional right.
               | 
               | What people are pissed about is that copyright only ever
               | serves to constrain the little guys.
               | 
               | > If I steal a book and read it, I'm guilty of the crime
               | of theft
               | 
               | You or I would never dare to do this in the first place.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | Sure, but OpenAI (same as Google, and Facebook, and all
               | the others) is illegally copying the book, and they want
               | this to be legal for them.
               | 
               | It's perhaps arguable whether it's OK for an LLM to be
               | trained on freely available but licensed works, such as
               | the Linux source code. There you can get in arguments
               | about learning vs machine processing, and whether the LLM
               | is a derived work etc
               | 
               | But it's _not_ arguable that copying a book that you have
               | not even bought to store in your corporate data lake to
               | later use for training is a _blatant_ violation of basic
               | copyright. It 's exactly like borrowing a book from a
               | library, photocopying it, and then putting it in your
               | employee-only corporate library.
        
               | riversflow wrote:
               | > Meta et. al. aren't "stealing" anything anyway
               | 
               | They were caught downloading the entirety of libgen.
        
               | codedokode wrote:
               | One thing is downloading pirated copy and reading it for
               | yourself and another thing is running a business based on
               | downloading millions of pirated works.
        
               | zombiwoof wrote:
               | If you buy it
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | No, even if I steal it. I can teach you anything I know.
               | Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of
               | speech, as it were.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | Yes, but this is not the right model. What OpenAI wants
               | is to borrow a book, make a copy of it, and keep using
               | that copy, in training their models. This is fully and
               | simply illegal, under any basic copyright law.
        
               | Terretta wrote:
               | Is the book online and accessible to your eyeballs
               | through your open standards client tool, such that you
               | can learn from seeing it?
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | Most books aren't. Unless you pay for them.
        
               | codedokode wrote:
               | Let's say Windows is downloadable from Microsoft website.
               | Can you use it for free in your company to save on buying
               | a license? Is it ok to use illegal copies of works in a
               | business?
        
               | notatoad wrote:
               | >Can I download a book without paying for it
               | 
               | if you have evidence that openAI is doing this with books
               | that are not freely available, i'm sure the publishers
               | would absolutely love to hear about it.
        
               | nickthegreek wrote:
               | We know Meta has done it. These companies have torrented
               | or downloaded books that they did not pay for. Things
               | like the The Pile, libgen, anna's library were scraped to
               | build these models.
        
               | lawlessone wrote:
               | >if you have evidence that openAI is doing this with
               | books that are not freely available, i'm sure the
               | publishers would absolutely love to hear about it.
               | 
               | Lol, so why are OpenAI challenging these laws?
        
               | croes wrote:
               | Do you think OpenAI used fewer sources than Meta?
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | To the extent that this is how libraries function, yes.
               | 
               | The part of that which doesn't apply is "print copies",
               | at least not complete copies, but libraries often have
               | photocopiers in them for fragments needed for research.
               | 
               | AI models shouldn't do that either, IMO. But unlimited
               | complete copies is the mistake the Internet Archive made,
               | too.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | I missed the part where OpenAI got library cards for all
               | the libraries in the world.
               | 
               | Is having a library card a requirement for being hired
               | over there?
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | I don't need a card to read in the library, nor to use
               | the photocopiers there, but it's merely one example
               | anyway. (If it wasn't, you'd only need one library, any
               | of the deposit libraries will do:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_deposit).
               | 
               | You also don't need permission, as a human, to read (and
               | learn from) the internet in general. Machines _by
               | standard practice_ require such permission, hence
               | robots.txt, and OpenAI 's GPTBot complies with the
               | robots.txt file and the company gives advice to web
               | operators about how to disallow their bot.
               | 
               | How AI should be treated, more like a search index, or
               | more like a mind that can learn by reading? Not my call.
               | It's a new thing, and laws can be driven by economics or
               | by moral outrage, and in this case those two driving
               | forces are at odds.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | We started with libraries and books, now you're moving
               | the goalposts to websites.
               | 
               | Sidenote: I wouldn't even be mad if OpenAI built robots
               | to go into all of the libraries and read all of the
               | books. That would be amazing!
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | I started with libraries. OpenAI started with the
               | internet.
               | 
               | The argument for both is identical, your objection is
               | specific to libraries.
               | 
               | IIRC, Google already did your sidenote. Or started to,
               | may have had legal issues.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | > The argument for both is identical
               | 
               | How so? I don't have to pay to read most websites. To
               | read most books I have to pay (or a library has to pay
               | and I have to wait to get the book).
               | 
               | > IIRC, Google already did your sidenote
               | 
               | Not quite. They had to chop the spines off books and have
               | humans feed them into scanners. I'm talking about a robot
               | that can walk (or roll) into a library, use arms to take
               | books off the shelves, turn the pages and read them
               | without putting them into a scanner.
        
               | philipkglass wrote:
               | They had humans turn the pages of intact books in
               | scanning machines. The books mostly came from the shelves
               | of academic libraries and were returned to the shelves
               | after scanning. You can see some incidental captures of
               | hands/fingers in the scans on Google Books or HathiTrust
               | (the academic home of the Google Books scans). There are
               | some examples collected here:
               | 
               | https://theartofgooglebooks.tumblr.com/
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > How so? I don't have to pay to read most websites. To
               | read most books I have to pay (or a library has to pay
               | and I have to wait to get the book).
               | 
               | "or" does a lot of work, even ignoring that I'd already
               | linked you to a page about deposit libraries:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_deposit
               | 
               | Fact is, you _can_ read books for free, just as you can
               | read (many but not all) websites for free. And in both
               | cases you 're allowed to use what you learned without
               | paying ongoing licensing fees for having learned anything
               | from either, and even to make money from what you learn.
               | 
               | > Not quite. They had to chop the spines off books and
               | have humans feed them into scanners.
               | 
               | Your statement is over 20 years out of date:
               | https://patents.google.com/patent/US7508978B1/en
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | I missed the part where we throw away rational logic
               | skills
               | 
               | Have you never been to a public library and read a book
               | while sitting there without checking it out? Clearly, age
               | is a factor here, and us olds are confused by this lack
               | of understanding of how libraries function. I did my
               | entire term paper without ever checking out books from
               | the library. I just showed up with my stack of blank
               | index cards, then left with the necessary info written on
               | them. Did an entire project on tracking stocks by
               | visiting the library and viewing all of the papers for
               | the days in one sitting rather than being schmuck and
               | tracking it daily. Took me about an hour in one day. No
               | library card required.
               | 
               | Also, a library card is ridiculously cheap even if you
               | did decide to have one.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | If I spent every last second of my life in a public
               | library, I couldn't even view a fraction of the
               | information that OpenAI has ingested. The comparison is
               | irrelevant. To make the comparison somehow valid, I'd
               | have to back up my truck to a public library, steal the
               | entire contents, then start selling copies out of my
               | garage
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Look, even I'm not a fan of ClosedAI, but this is
               | ridiculous. ClosedAI isn't giving copies of anything. It
               | is giving you a response it infers based on things it has
               | "read" and/or "learned" by reading content. Does ClosedAI
               | store a copy of the content it scrapes, or does it
               | immediately start tokenizing it or whatever is involved
               | in training? If they store it, that's a lot of data, and
               | we should be able to prove that sites were scraped
               | through lawsuit discovery process. Are you then also
               | suggesting that ClosedAI will sell you copies of that raw
               | data if you prompted correctly?
               | 
               | I'm in no way justifying anything about GPT/LLM training.
               | I'm just calling out that these comparisons are extremely
               | strained.
        
               | codedokode wrote:
               | Let's say OpenAI developers use illegal copy of Windows
               | on their laptops to save on buying a license. Is that ok
               | to run a business this way?
               | 
               | Also I think it is different thing when someone uses
               | copyrighted works for research and publishing a paper or
               | when someone uses copyrighted works to earn money.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | > Have you never been to a public library and read a book
               | while sitting there without checking it out?
               | 
               | See my comment here:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43355723. If OpenAI
               | built a robot that physically went into libraries, pulled
               | books off shelves by itself, and read them...that's so
               | cool I wouldn't even be mad.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | What about checking out eBooks? If you had an app that
               | checked those out and scanned it at robot speed vs human
               | feed, that would be the same thing. The idea that reading
               | something that does not belong to you directly means
               | stealing is just weird and very strained.
               | 
               | theGoogs essentially did that by having the robot that
               | turned each page and scanned the pages. that's no
               | different than having the librarian pull material for you
               | so that you don't have to pull the book from the shelf
               | yourself.
               | 
               | There's better arguments to make on why ClosedAI is bad.
               | Reading text it doesn't own isn't one of them. How they
               | acquired the text would be a better thing to critique.
               | There's laws for that in place now that does not require
               | new laws to be enacted.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | > If you had an app that checked those out and scanned it
               | 
               | You mean...made a copy? Do you really not see the
               | problem?
               | 
               | > How they acquired the text would be a better thing to
               | critique
               | 
               | Well...yeah that's what I said in the comment that
               | started this discussion branch:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43355147
               | 
               | This isn't about humans or robots _reading_ books. It 's
               | that robots are allowed to violate copyright law to read
               | the books, and us humans are not.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > You mean...made a copy? Do you really not see the
               | problem?
               | 
               | In precisely the same way as a robot scanning a physical
               | book is.
               | 
               | If this is turned into a PDF and distributed, it's
               | exactly the legal problem Google had[0] and that Facebook
               | is currently fighting due to torrenting some of their
               | training material[1].
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authors_Guild,_Inc._v._
               | Google,...
               | 
               | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43125840
               | 
               | If the tokens go directly into training an AI and no
               | copies are retained, that's like how you as a human learn
               | -- except current AI models are not even remotely as able
               | to absorb that information as you, and they only make up
               | for being as thick as a plank by being stupid very very
               | quickly.
               | 
               | > It's that robots are allowed to violate copyright law
               | to read the books, and us humans are not.
               | 
               | More that the copyright laws are not suited to what's
               | going on. Under the copyright laws, statute and case law,
               | that existed at the time GPT-3.5 was created, bots were
               | understood as the kind of thing Google had and used to
               | make web indexes -- essentially legal, with some caveats
               | about quoting too much verbatim from news articles.
               | 
               | (Google PageRank being a big pile of linear algebra and
               | all, and the Transformer architecture from which ChatGPT
               | get's the "T" being originally a Google effort to improve
               | Google Translate).
               | 
               | Society is currently arguing amongst itself if this is
               | still OK when the bot is a conversational entity, or
               | perhaps even something that can be given agency.
               | 
               | You get to set those rules via your government
               | representative, make it illegal for AI crawlers to read
               | the internet like that -- but it's hard to change the
               | laws if you mistake what you want the law to be, with
               | what the law currently is.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | but you keep saying to read the books. there is no
               | copyright violation to read a book. making copies starts
               | to get into murky grounds, but does not immediately mean
               | breaking the law.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | You might be thinking of someone else.
        
               | nightpool wrote:
               | Yes, you're allowed to make personal copies of copyright
               | works that you own. IANAL, but my understanding is that
               | if you're using them for yourself, and you're not
               | prevented from doing so by some sort of EULA or DRM,
               | there's nothing in copyright law preventing you from e.g.
               | photocopying a book and keeping a copy at home, as long
               | as you don't distribute it. The test case here has always
               | been CDs--you're allowed to make copies of CDs you
               | legally own and keep one at home and one in your car.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | CDs, software, and electronic media, yes. Physical books,
               | no. You can't make archival copies.
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | sure you can, you could take a physical book, and
               | painstakingly copy each page at a time, that is totally
               | fair use.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | Citation needed.
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | You can make copies of things. You just can't distribute
               | them
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | You're repeating upthread comments. And no, you can't.
               | There's an archival exception for _electronic media_. If
               | you want to make copies of physical media you either:
               | 
               | 1. Can't
               | 
               | Or
               | 
               | 2. Rely on fair use to protect you (archival by
               | individuals isn't necessarily fair use)
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | It absolutely is fair use to copy a book for your
               | personal archives.
               | 
               | The fair use criteria considers whether it is commercial
               | in nature (in this case it is not) and the " the effect
               | of the use upon the potential market for or value of the
               | copyrighted work" for which a personal copy of a
               | personally owned book is non existent.
               | 
               | https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/107
               | 
               | You would get laughed at by the legal system trying to
               | prosecute an individual owner for copying a book they
               | bought just to keep.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | > It absolutely is fair use to copy a book for your
               | personal archives.
               | 
               | There's no legal precedent for this. See
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43356042
               | 
               | > the effect of the use upon the potential market for or
               | value of the copyrighted work
               | 
               | A copyright holder's lawyer would argue that having and
               | using a photocopy of a book keeps the original from
               | wearing out. This directly affects the potential market
               | for the work, since the owner could resell the book in
               | mint condition, after reading and burning their
               | photocopies.
               | 
               | > You would get laughed at by the legal system trying to
               | prosecute an individual owner for copying a book they
               | bought just to keep.
               | 
               | I mean maybe this is true. But the affected individual
               | will have a very bad year and spend a ton of money on
               | lawyers.
        
               | MostlyStable wrote:
               | >No legal precedent
               | 
               | Why do you interpret this to mean "absolutely can't do
               | this"? "No precedent" seems to equally support both sides
               | of the argument (that is, it provides no evidence; courts
               | have not ruled). The other commenters arguments on the
               | actual text of the statute seem more convincing to me
               | than what you have so far provided.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | I was responding to
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43356240 which said
               | it "absolutely is fair use".
               | 
               | > The other commenters arguments...seem more convincing
               | 
               | Because you (and I) want it to be fair use. But as I
               | already said in my comment, it potentially fails one leg
               | of fair use. Keeping your purchased physical copy of the
               | book pristine and untouched while you read the photocopy
               | allows you to later, after destroying the copies you
               | made, resell the book as new or like-new. This directly
               | affects the market for that book.
               | 
               | Do you want to spend time and money in court to find out
               | if it's really fair use? That's what "no precedent"
               | means.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | > Do you want to spend time and money in court to find
               | out if it's really fair use?
               | 
               | No. I'd much rather pirate the epub followed by lobbying
               | for severe IP law reform. (Of course by "lobby" I
               | actually mean complain about IP law online.)
               | 
               | If there's no epub available then I guess it's time to
               | get building. (https://linearbookscanner.org/)
        
               | MostlyStable wrote:
               | Multiple times in this thread you make the very confident
               | assertion that this is not allowed, and that it is only
               | allowed for electronic media. That is your opinion, which
               | is fine. The argument that it _is_ fair use is also an
               | opinion. Until it becomes settled law with precedent,
               | every argument about it will just opinion on what the
               | text of the law means. But you are denigrating the other
               | opinions while upholding your own as truth.
               | 
               | And whether or not I am personally interested in testing
               | any of these opinions is completely beside the point.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | Copyright is a restriction on making unauthorized, full
               | copies under almost all circumstances. Default deny.
               | There's only one documented exception on the books right
               | now which is electronic media. None of these are
               | opinions.
               | 
               | The idea that photocopying a book for archival purposes
               | is potentially fair use is an untested opinion. I'm not
               | denigrating that opinion. I just think it's likely to
               | fail as an legal argument in the unlikely event that it
               | comes up. I'm not a copyright apologist.
               | 
               | I myself believed the "fair use for archival"/"format
               | shifting" thing applied to all works for most of my life.
               | I only learned there was no law or precedent like 10 days
               | ago.
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | You're now arguing the assumption without a precedent you
               | don't have the right to do something. That's not how the
               | law works. If you believe that the courts would laugh at
               | a publisher trying to bring suit against you for doing
               | this, then you believe you have the right to do it.
               | 
               | Such a case would not require a year or a ton of money to
               | defend. In fact, the potential damages would be so small
               | that you could sensibly do it in small claims court.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | > You're now arguing the assumption without a precedent
               | you don't have the right to do something. That's not how
               | the law works.
               | 
               | I mean copyright law has always been "You can't make full
               | copies for any reason (almost)". And you were the one
               | saying "it absolutely is fair use [to make full personal
               | copies]", which is quite a strong statement to make in
               | the absence of a precedence.
               | 
               | An archive could argue fair use to make full copies of
               | physical works, because that's their role, and by keeping
               | the copies locked away they don't harm the market for the
               | works. These fair use factors don't apply to individuals.
               | But IANAL and maybe that's wrong, who knows? I do know if
               | it comes up the copyright mafia will fight it tooth and
               | nail, and I'd put my money on them winning.
               | 
               | > the potential damages would be so small that you could
               | sensibly do it in small claims court
               | 
               | The publisher would sue the infringer in small claims
               | court? This seems very unlikely since the publisher would
               | prefer to scare or bankrupt you into submission.
               | 
               | Or would the defendant have the lawsuit moved to small
               | claims court? Are defendants allowed to do this?
        
               | anticensor wrote:
               | Copyright law is explicitly outside the scope of small
               | claims and consumer tribunal systems.
        
               | observationist wrote:
               | It seems reasonably within the bounds described by fair
               | use, but nobody's ever tested that particular
               | constellation of factors in a lawsuit, so there's no
               | precedent - hand copying a book, that is.
               | 
               | 17 U.S.C. SS 107 is the fair use carveout.
               | 
               | Interestingly, digitizing and copying a book on your own,
               | for your own private use, has also not been brought to
               | court. Major rights holders seem to not want this
               | particular fair use precedent to be established, which it
               | likely would be, and might then invalidate crucial
               | standing for other cases in which certain interpretations
               | of fair use are preferred.
               | 
               | Digitally copying media you own is fair use. I'll die on
               | that hill. It doesn't grant commercial rights, you can't
               | resell a copy as if it were the original, and so on, and
               | so forth.
               | 
               | There's even a good case to be made that sharing a
               | digitally copied work purchased legally, even to millions
               | of people, 5 years after a book is first sold - for a
               | vast majority of books, after 5 years, they've sold about
               | 99.99% of the copies they're going to sell.
               | 
               | By sharing after the ~5 year mark, you're arguably doing
               | marketing for the book, and if we cultivated a culture of
               | direct donation to authors and content creators, it
               | invalidates any of the reasons piracy is made illegal in
               | the first place.
               | 
               | Right now publishers, studios, and platforms have a
               | stranglehold on content markets, and the law serves them
               | almost exclusively. It is exceedingly rare for the law to
               | be invoked in defending or supporting an author or artist
               | directly. It's very common for groups of wealthy lawyers
               | LARPing as protectors of authors and artists to exploit
               | the law and steal money from regular people.
               | 
               | Exclusively digital content should have a 3 year
               | protected period, while physical works should get 5,
               | whether it's text, audio, image, or video.
               | 
               | Once something is outside the protected period, it should
               | be considered fair game for sharing until 20 years have
               | passed, at which point it should enter public domain.
               | 
               | Copyright law serves two purposes - protecting and
               | incentivizing content creators, and serving the interests
               | of the public. Situations where a bunch of lawyers get
               | rich by suing the pants off of regular people over
               | technicalities is a despicable outcome.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | > there's no precedent - hand copying a book, that is
               | 
               | Thank you! I had looked this up myself last week, so I
               | knew this. I had long believed, as GP does, that copying
               | anything you own without distribution is either allowed
               | or fair use. I wanted GP to learn as I did.
        
               | observationist wrote:
               | For reference, here's the US legal code in question:
               | 
               | Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A,
               | the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by
               | reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other
               | means specified by that section, for purposes such as
               | criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including
               | multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or
               | research, is not an infringement of copyright. In
               | determining whether the use made of a work in any
               | particular case is a fair use the factors to be
               | considered shall include-- (1) the purpose and character
               | of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial
               | nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes; (2) the
               | nature of the copyrighted work; (3) the amount and
               | substantiality of the portion used in relation to the
               | copyrighted work as a whole; and (4) the effect of the
               | use upon the potential market for or value of the
               | copyrighted work. The fact that a work is unpublished
               | shall not itself bar a finding of fair use if such
               | finding is made upon consideration of all the above
               | factors.
               | 
               | The spirit seems apparent, but in practice it's been used
               | by awful people to destroy lives and exploit rent from
               | artists and authors in damn near tyrannical ways.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | Except you said "You can't make archival copies." and
               | didn't provide a citation. That's quite a different claim
               | than "there exists no precedent clearly establishing your
               | right or lack thereof to make archival copies".
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | Congress expressly granted archival rights for digital
               | media. If they wanted to do the same for books they
               | could've done so. There's no law or legal precedent
               | allowing it.
               | 
               | Given all this "can't do it" is more probably accurate
               | than "can do it". IANAL but it's not like the question is
               | finely balanced on a knife's edge and could go either
               | way.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | Congress didn't explicitly disallow it either. You left
               | that bit out. As such it comes down to interpretation of
               | the existing law. We both clearly agree that doesn't
               | (yet) exist.
               | 
               | > IANAL but it's not like the question is finely balanced
               | on a knife's edge and could go either way.
               | 
               | I agree, but my interpretation is opposite yours. It
               | seems fairly obvious to me that the spirit of the law
               | permits personal copies. That also seems to be in line
               | with (explicitly legislated) digital practices.
               | 
               | But at the end of the day the only clearly correct
               | statement on the matter is "there's no precedent, so we
               | don't know". I suppose it's also generally good advice to
               | avoid the legal quagmire if possible. Being in the right
               | is unlikely to do you any good if it bankrupts you in the
               | process.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | > Congress didn't explicitly disallow it either.
               | 
               | That's the whole point of copyright: only the owner of a
               | copyright has the right to make copies. I don't see how
               | it can be more explicit than that. It's a default-deny
               | policy.
               | 
               | There is an archival exception for digital media, so
               | obviously Congress is open to granting exceptions for
               | backup purposes. They chose not to include physical media
               | in this exception.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | > only the owner of a copyright has the right to make
               | copies.
               | 
               | You are conveniently omitting the provisions about fair
               | use, which is strange since you're clearly aware of them.
               | The only things copyright is reasonably unambiguous about
               | are sale and distribution. Even then there's lots of grey
               | areas such as performance rights.
               | 
               | You are arguing that something is obviously disallowed
               | but have nothing but your own interpretation to back that
               | up. If the situation was as clear cut as you're trying to
               | make out then where is the precedent showing that
               | personal use archival copies of physical goods are not
               | permitted?
               | 
               | > They chose not to include physical media in this
               | exception.
               | 
               | That's irrelevant to the current discussion, though I'm
               | fairly certain you realize that. Congress declined to
               | weigh in on the matter which (as you clearly know) leaves
               | it up to the courts to interpret the existing law.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | > You are conveniently omitting the provisions about fair
               | use, which is strange since you're clearly aware of them
               | 
               | Fair use didn't come up but I did mention it here:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43356289. And
               | there's no need for that tone. I'm not a copyright
               | defender.
               | 
               | > That's irrelevant to the current discussion, though I'm
               | fairly certain you realize that.
               | 
               | I said it because it was relevant.
               | 
               | > where is the precedent showing that personal use
               | archival copies of physical goods are not permitted
               | 
               | > Congress declined to weigh in on the matter
               | 
               | There was no "matter" to "weigh in on". The answer to
               | "Can you make a full, complete copy of a copyrighted work
               | without authorization?" has been "Almost always no" from
               | the beginning of copyright. Even the term "fair use"
               | arose in a US legal precedent over a century after the
               | first copyright laws in England. It became an actual part
               | of US copyright law in the 1970s, less than 50 years ago.
               | 
               | "Fair use" is plausible for a library or archive to make
               | full copies, and keep them safe and archived, since
               | that's their job.
               | 
               | Fair use isn't why we have archival rights for electronic
               | media. That right was written into the law after
               | electronic media became a thing.
               | 
               | In my comment above I gave one example why "fair use"
               | wouldn't work for archival copies of physical media made
               | by individuals. An actual lawyer who's paid by the
               | copyright mafia to care about this stuff can surely find
               | more and stronger reasons.
               | 
               | FWIW someone in another comment pointed out Australian
               | copyright law allows making a copy of books, newspapers,
               | and periodicals for personal, domestic use. Which means:
               | a) it can be done and b) even they _had to spell it out
               | specifically_
               | 
               | > which (as you clearly know) leaves it up to the courts
               | to interpret the existing law.
               | 
               | I don't agree but believe what you like.
        
               | paulddraper wrote:
               | I take the contrary view.
               | 
               | What part of fair use pertains to making a physical copy
               | of the complete work?
        
               | mjmas wrote:
               | This is a specific exception in Australia Copyright law.
               | It allows reproducing works in books, newspapers and
               | periodical publications in different form for private and
               | domestic use.
               | 
               | (Copyright Act 1968 Part III div. 1, section 43C)
               | https://www.legislation.gov.au/C1968A00063/latest/text
        
               | paulddraper wrote:
               | Leaving aside the broader discussion...
               | 
               | You cannot legally photocopy copy an entire book even if
               | you own a physical copy.
               | 
               | Internet people say you can, but there's no actual legal
               | argument or case law to support that.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | I believe the post you are replying to is suggesting the
               | copy is made by hand, one word at a time.
        
               | paulddraper wrote:
               | I don't see how that would be different, as the
               | meaningful material is text not images.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | At home? Without ever sharing it with anyone? I thought
               | making backups of things that you personally own was
               | protected, at least in the US. Could you elaborate on my
               | apparent misunderstanding?
        
               | paulddraper wrote:
               | > Could you elaborate on my apparent misunderstanding?
               | 
               | One of the six exclusive rights of copyright holders is
               | "to reproduce the copyrighted work in copies or
               | phonorecords."
               | 
               | (In certain circumstances, the Fair Use doctrine
               | contravenes this right, but reproduction in whole is not
               | such a circumstance.)
        
               | stale2002 wrote:
               | > Internet people say you can, but there's no actual
               | legal argument or case law to support that.
               | 
               | Quite the opposite. The burden of proof is on you to show
               | a single person ever, in history, who has been prosecuted
               | for that.
               | 
               | If nobody in the world has ever been prosecuted for this,
               | then that means it is either legal, or it is something
               | else that is so effectively equivalent to "legal" that
               | there is little point in using a different word.
               | 
               | If you want to take the position that, "uhhhhhhh, there
               | is exactly 0% chance of anyone ever getting in trouble or
               | being prosecuted for this, but I still don't think its
               | legal, technically!"
               | 
               | Then I guess go ahead. But for those in the real world,
               | those two things are almost equivalent.
        
               | paulddraper wrote:
               | > If you want to take the position that, "uhhhhhhh, there
               | is exactly 0% chance of anyone ever getting in trouble or
               | being prosecuted for this, but I still don't think its
               | legal, technically!"
               | 
               | > Then I guess go ahead.
               | 
               | That is exactly what I am saying.
        
               | stale2002 wrote:
               | Gotcha, so then you agree that there is exactly zero
               | cases or evidence of anyone ever being punished for this,
               | which is the most important part.
               | 
               | If you do this, you are not going to be held legally
               | liable for anything.
        
               | croes wrote:
               | You may copy, but you may not circumvent the copy
               | protection.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | Correct. For electronic media.
        
               | croes wrote:
               | > Yes, you're allowed to make personal copies of
               | copyright works that you own.
               | 
               | That's not the point. It's about books you don't own. Are
               | you allowed to download books from Z-Library, Sci-Hub
               | etc. because you want to learn?
        
               | falcor84 wrote:
               | To the best of my knowledge, no individual has ever been
               | sued or prosecuted specifically for downloading books. As
               | long as you're not massively sharing them with others,
               | it's not an issue in practice. Enjoy your reading and
               | learning.
        
               | jlev wrote:
               | Aaron Swartz, cofounder of Reddit and inventor of RSS and
               | Markdown, was hounded to death by an overzealous
               | prosecutor for downloading articles from JSTOR, with the
               | intent to learn from them. He was charged with over a
               | million dollars in fines and could have faced 35 years in
               | prison.
               | 
               | He and Sam Altman were in the same YC class. OpenAI is
               | doing the same thing at a larger scale, and their
               | technology actually reproduces and distributes
               | copyrighted material. It's shameful that they are making
               | claims that they aren't infringing creator's rights when
               | they have scraped the entire internet.
               | 
               | https://flaminghydra.com/sam-altman-and-aaron-swartz-saw-
               | the... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Swartz
        
               | kgdiem wrote:
               | Will what OpenAI & others serve as precedent for
               | Alexandra Elbakyan of SciHub and avenge Aaron?
               | 
               | Cynically, I imagine it will not but I hope that it
               | could.
        
               | concerndc1tizen wrote:
               | You could argue that they are avenging him in doing
               | exactly what he did, or worse, and not being punished for
               | it. They are establishing precedent.
        
               | yieldcrv wrote:
               | It was overzealous prosecution of the breaking into a
               | closet to wire up some ethernet cables to gain access to
               | the materials
               | 
               | Not the downloading with intent
               | 
               | And apparently the most controversial take on this
               | community is the observation that many people would have
               | done the trial, plea and time, regardless of how
               | overzealous the prosecution was
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | > breaking into a closet
               | 
               | "The closet's door was kept unlocked, according to press
               | reports"
               | 
               | When's the last time a kid with no record, a research
               | fellow at Harvard, got threatened with 35 years for a
               | simple B&E?
        
               | yieldcrv wrote:
               | They threaten
               | 
               | Its the plea or sentencing where that stuff gets taken
               | into account for a reduction to community service
        
               | DrillShopper wrote:
               | I'm glad you still have that much faith in the system.
               | That's much more faith than I have in the system (and
               | more faith than I had in the system back then, too).
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | I'm responding specifically to this sentence:
               | 
               | > It's shameful that they are making claims that they
               | aren't infringing creator's rights when they have scraped
               | the entire internet.
               | 
               | Scraping the Internet is generally very different from
               | piracy. You are given a limited right to that data when
               | you access it, and you can make local copies. if further
               | use does something sufficiently non-copying, then creator
               | rights aren't being infringed.
        
               | mirekrusin wrote:
               | Can you compress the internet including copyrighted
               | material and then sell access to it?
               | 
               | At what percentage of lossy compression it becomes
               | infringement?
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > Can you compress the internet including copyrighted
               | material and then sell access to it?
               | 
               | Define access?
               | 
               | If you mean sending out the compressed copy, generally
               | no. For things people normally call compression.
               | 
               | If you want to run a search engine, then you should be
               | fine.
               | 
               | > At what percentage of lossy compression it becomes
               | infringement?
               | 
               | It would have to be very very lossy.
               | 
               | But some AI stuff is. For example there are image models
               | with fewer parameters than source images. Those are, by
               | and large, not able to store enough data to infringe
               | with. (Copying can creep in with images that have
               | multiple versions, but that's a small sliver of the
               | data.)
        
               | codedokode wrote:
               | Commercial audio generation models were caught
               | reproducing parts of copyrighted music in a distorted and
               | low-quality form. This is not "learning", just
               | "imitating".
               | 
               | Also, as I understand they didn't even buy the CDs with
               | music for training; they got it somewhere else. Why do
               | organizations that prosecute people for downloading a
               | movie do not want to look if it is ok to make a business
               | on illegal copies of copyrighted works?
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | I said "some" for a reason.
        
               | a_wild_dandan wrote:
               | When you identify where the infringing party has stored
               | the source material in their
               | artifact.{zip,pdf,safetensor,connectome,etc}. In ML, this
               | discovery stage is called "mechanistic interpretability",
               | and in humans it's called "illegal."
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | It's not that clear cut. Since they're talking about
               | taking lossy compression to the limit, there are ways to
               | go so lossy that you're not longer infringing even if you
               | can point exactly at where it's stored.
               | 
               | Like cliff's notes.
        
               | apetresc wrote:
               | Wasn't John Gruber the inventor of Markdown?
        
               | falcor84 wrote:
               | I'm familiar with Aaron Swartz's case, and that is
               | actually why I phrased it as "books". In any case, while
               | tragic, Swartz wasn't prosecuted for copyright
               | infringement, but rather for wire fraud and computer
               | fraud due to the manner in which he bypassed protections
               | in MIT's network and the JSTOR API. This wouldn't have
               | been an issue if he downloaded the articles from a source
               | that freely shared them, like sci-hub.
        
               | h2zizzle wrote:
               | It would be incredibly naive to assume that the scraping
               | done for these models did not at any point circumvent
               | protections.
               | 
               | The fundamental contention is that both accessed, saved
               | and distributed material that they didn't have a "right"
               | to access, save, and distribute. One was made a
               | billionaire for it and another was driven to suicide.
               | It's not tragic, it's societal malpractice.
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | 35 years is a press release sentence. The way DOJ
               | calculates sentences when they write press releases
               | ignores the alleged facts of the particular case and just
               | uses for each charge the theoretically maximum possible
               | sentence that someone could get for that charge.
               | 
               | To actually get that maximum typically requires things
               | like the person is a repeat offender, drug dealing was
               | involved, people were physically harmed, it involved
               | organized crime, it involved terrorism, a large amount of
               | money was involved, or other things that make it an
               | unusual big and serious crime.
               | 
               | The DOJ knows exactly what they are alleging the
               | defendant did. They could easily looks at the various
               | factors that affect sentencing for the charge and see
               | which apply to that case and come up with a realistic
               | number but that doesn't make it sound as impressive in
               | the press release.
               | 
               | Another thing that inflates the numbers in the press
               | releases is that defendants are often charged with
               | several related charges. For many crimes there are groups
               | of related charges that for sentencing get merged. If you
               | are charged with say 3 charges from the same group and
               | convicted on all you are only sentenced for whichever one
               | of them has the longest sentence.
               | 
               | If you've got 3 charges from such a group in the press
               | release the DOJ might just take the completely bogus
               | maximum for each as described above and just add those 3
               | together.
               | 
               | Here's a good article on DOJ's ridiculous sentence
               | numbers [1].
               | 
               | Here's a couple of articles from an expert in this area
               | of law that looks specifically at what Swartz was charged
               | with and what kind of sentence he was actually looking at
               | [2][3].
               | 
               | Why do you think Swartz was downloading the articles to
               | learn from them? As far as I've seen know one knows for
               | sure what he was intending.
               | 
               | If he wanted to learn from JSTOR articles he could have
               | downloaded them using the JSTOR account he had through
               | his research fellowship at Harvard. Why go to MIT and use
               | their public JSTOR WiFi access, and then when that was
               | cut off hide a computer in a wiring closet hooked into
               | their ethernet?
               | 
               | I've seen claims that he wanted to do was meta research
               | about scientific publishing as a whole which could
               | explain why he needed to download more than he could
               | download with his normal JSTOR account from Harvard, but
               | again why do that using MIT's public WiFi access? JSTOR
               | has granted more direct access to large amounts of data
               | for such research. Did he talk to them first to try to
               | get access that way?
               | 
               | [1] https://web.archive.org/web/20230107080107/https://ww
               | w.popeh...
               | 
               | [2] https://volokh.com/2013/01/14/aaron-swartz-charges/
               | 
               | [3] https://volokh.com/2013/01/16/the-criminal-charges-
               | against-a...
        
               | codedokode wrote:
               | He might have wanted other people to have access to the
               | knowledge, and for free. In comparison, AI companies want
               | to sell access to the knowledge they got by scraping
               | copyrighted works.
        
               | andsoitis wrote:
               | > for downloading articles from JSTOR, with the intent to
               | learn from them
               | 
               | For context, according to sources, he downloaded 4.8
               | million articles.
        
               | falcor84 wrote:
               | Maybe he was about to train an LLM on them /s
        
               | bluSCALE4 wrote:
               | Wow, just wow.
        
               | anjaliNYC wrote:
               | Truly wow. The sucking up to coroporations is terrifying.
               | This, when Aaron Swartz was institutionally murdered by
               | the institutions and the state for "copyright
               | infringement". And what he did wasn't even for profit, or
               | even a 0.00001 of the scale of the theft that OpenAI and
               | their ilk have done.
               | 
               | So it's totally OK to rip off and steal and lie through
               | your teeth AND do it all for money, if you're a company.
               | But if you're a human being, doing it not for profit but
               | for the betterment of your own fellow humans, you deserve
               | to be imprisoned and systematically murdered and driven
               | to suicide.
        
               | bluSCALE4 wrote:
               | Thank you for putting my sentiment into words. THIS. It's
               | not power to the people, it's power to the oligarchs.
               | Once you have enough power and, more importantly, wealth,
               | you're welcomed into the fold with open arms. Just how
               | Spotify build a library of stolen music, as long as
               | wealth was created, there is no problem because wealth is
               | just money taken from the people and given to the ruling
               | class.
        
               | timeon wrote:
               | I'm moving goal-post here since it was not OpenAI (as far
               | as we know): Where Meta training on torrented data fits
               | into this?
        
               | carlosdp wrote:
               | That's not a one-to-one analogy. The LLM isn't giving you
               | the book, its giving you information it learned from the
               | book.
               | 
               | The analogous scenario is "Can I read a book and publish
               | a blog post with all the information in that book, in my
               | own words?", and under US copyright law, the answer is:
               | Yes.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | > The analogous scenario is "Can I read a book and
               | publish a blog post with all the information in that
               | book, in my own words?"
               | 
               | The analogous scenario is actually "Can I read a book
               | that I obtained illegally and face no consequences for
               | obtaining it illegally?" The answer is "Yes" there are no
               | consequences for reading said book, for individuals or
               | machines.
               | 
               | But individuals can face serious consequences for
               | obtaining it illegally. And corporations are trying to
               | argue those consequences shouldn't apply to them.
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | > But individuals can face serious consequences for
               | obtaining it illegally.
               | 
               | Can they? Who has ever faced serious consequences for
               | pirating books in the US?
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Swartz
               | 
               | (Please no pedantry about how scientific papers aren't
               | books)
        
               | drdaeman wrote:
               | Not to diminish the atrocity of what happened to Aaron,
               | but is this a highly abnormal case of prosecutor overzeal
               | or is it common for people to be charged and held liable
               | for downloading and/or consuming (without distribution)
               | of copyrighted materials (in any form) without obtaining
               | a license?
               | 
               | Asking because I genuinely don't know. I believe all I've
               | ever read about persecution of "commonplace" copyright
               | violations was either about distributors or tied to
               | bidirectional nature of peer-to-peer exchange (torrents
               | typically upload to others even as you download =
               | redistribution).
        
               | nashashmi wrote:
               | Aaron Swartz downloaded a lot of stuff. Did he publish
               | the stuff too? That would be an infringement. But only
               | downloading the stuff? And never distributing it? Not
               | sure if it's worth a violation .
        
               | mburns wrote:
               | >Aaron Swartz downloaded a lot of stuff.
               | 
               | A tiny fraction compared to the 80+ terabytes Facebook
               | downloaded.
               | 
               | >Did he publish the stuff too?
               | 
               | No.
               | 
               | > Not sure if it's worth a violation .
               | 
               | Exactly.
        
               | piva00 wrote:
               | There's no analogous because the scale of it takes it to
               | a whole different level and degree, and for all intents
               | and purposes we tend to care about level and degree.
               | 
               | Me taking over control of the lemonade market in my
               | neighbourhood wouldn't ever be a problem to anyone, a
               | very minor annoyance; instead if I managed to corner the
               | lemonade market of a whole continent it'd be a very
               | different thing.
        
               | codedokode wrote:
               | The better analogy is "can my business use illegally
               | downloaded works to save on buying a license". For
               | example, can you use pirated copy of Windows in your
               | company? Can you use pirated copy of a book to compute
               | weights of a mathematical model?
        
               | paulddraper wrote:
               | > Can I download a book without paying for it
               | 
               | Yes, you can read books without paying, if that's how it
               | is offered.
               | 
               | And you can photocopy books you own for your own personal
               | use. But again....the analogy is remembering/leaning from
               | a book.
        
               | nickpsecurity wrote:
               | To support your point, lawsuits are already coming in for
               | illegal copying of books:
               | 
               | https://www.theverge.com/2024/8/20/24224450/anthropic-
               | copyri...
               | 
               | https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/google-sued-by-
               | top-...
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | owning a copy and learning the information is not the
               | same. you can learn 2+2=4 from a book, but you no longer
               | need that book to get that answer. each year in school, I
               | was issued a book for class, learned from it, returned
               | the book. I did not return the learning.
               | 
               | musicians can read the sheet music and memorize how to
               | play it, and no longer need the music. they still have
               | the information.
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | But you still need to buy the sheet music first, all the
               | AI Labs used pirated materials to learn from.
               | 
               | There's two angles to the lawsuits that are getting
               | confused - the largest one from the book publishers
               | (Sarah Silverman et al) attacked from the angle that the
               | models could reproduce copyrighted information. This was
               | pretty easily quelled / RHLF'd out (used to be that if
               | ChatGPT started producing lyrics a supervisor/censor
               | would just cut off it's response early - tried it now and
               | ChatGPT.com is now more eloquent, "Sorry, I can't provide
               | the full lyrics to "Strawberry Fields Forever" as they
               | are copyrighted. However, I can summarize the song or
               | discuss its themes, meaning, and history if you're
               | interested!")
               | 
               | But there's also the angle of "why does OpenAI have Sarah
               | Silverman's book on their hard drive if they never paid
               | her for it? This is the lawsuit against Meta regarding
               | books3 and torrenting, seems like they're getting away
               | with the "we never redistributed/seeded!" but it's
               | unclear to me why this is a defense against copyright
               | infringement.
        
               | nunSpQyeJR wrote:
               | Not only would the musician have to buy the sheet music
               | first, but if they were going to perform that piece for
               | profit at an event or on an album they'd need a license
               | of some sort.
               | 
               | This whole mess seems to be another case of "if I can
               | dance around the law fast enough, big enough, and with
               | enough grey areas then I can get away with it".
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | I was handed sheet music every year in band, and within a
               | few weeks had it memorized. Books with music are also
               | available in the library.
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | As a student in a school band that debated whether to
               | choose Pirates of the Caribbean vs Phantom of the Opera
               | for our half time show, I remember the cost of the rights
               | to the music was a factor in our decision.
               | 
               | The school and library purchased the materials outright,
               | again, OpenAI Meta et al never paid to read them, nor
               | borrowed them from an institution that had any right to
               | share.
               | 
               | I'm a bit of an anti intellectual property anarchist
               | myself but it grinds my gears that, given that we do live
               | under the law, it is applied unequally.
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | If models can learn for free, then the models (training
             | code, inference code, training data, weights) should also
             | be free. No copyright for anybody.
             | 
             | And if you sell the outputs of your model that you trained
             | on free content, you shouldn't be able to hide behind trade
             | secret.
        
             | crorella wrote:
             | > just like a model could
             | 
             | It is not remotely the same, the companies training the
             | models are stealing the content from the internet and then
             | profiting from it when they charge for the use of those
             | models.
        
               | Terretta wrote:
               | > _the companies training the models are stealing the
               | content from the internet_
               | 
               | Are you stealing a billboard when you see and remember
               | it?
               | 
               | The notion that _consuming_ the web is  "stealing" needs
               | to stop.
        
               | crorella wrote:
               | We are not taking about billboards here, we are talking
               | about copyrighted works, like books. If you want to do
               | mental gymnastics and call "consuming" the web the act of
               | downloading books without paying for them, then go ahead,
               | but don't pretend the rest will buy your delusion.
        
               | Terretta wrote:
               | On the contrary, even telling people which billboards are
               | posted about what, and how to get to them to look at
               | them, is "how it works".
               | 
               | But the courts will get to clarify (in today's news):
               | 
               | https://www.reuters.com/legal/news-corp-sued-by-brave-
               | softwa...
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | The question is whether it destroys the incentive to
               | produce the work. That is the entire point of copyright
               | and patent law.
               | 
               | LLMs do indeed significantly reduce the incentive to
               | produce original work.
        
               | codedokode wrote:
               | Are you stealing when using a pirated software to run a
               | billion-dollar business?
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | The more literature I consume, and the more I re-draft my
               | own attempt, the more I see the patterns and tropes with
               | everyone standing on the shoulders of those who came
               | before.
               | 
               | The general concept of "warp drive" was introduced by
               | John W. Campbell in 1957, "Islands of Space". Popularised
               | by Trek, turned into maths by Alcubierre. Islands of
               | Space feels like it took inspiration from both H G Wells
               | (needing to explain why the War of the Worlds' ending was
               | implausible) and Jules Verne (gang of gentlemen have
               | call-to-action, encounter difficulties that would crush
               | them like a bug and are not merely fine, they go on to
               | further great adventure and reward).
               | 
               | Terry Pratchett had obvious inspirations from
               | Shakespeare, Ringworld, Faust (in the title!).
               | 
               | In the pandemic I read "The Deathworlders" (web fic, not
               | the book series of similar name), and by the time I'd
               | read too many shark jumps to continue, I had spotted many
               | obvious _inspirations_ besides just the one that gave the
               | name.
               | 
               | If I studied medieval lit, I could probably do the same
               | with Shakespeare's inspiration.
        
             | simion314 wrote:
             | >you can use that knowledge,
             | 
             | Did OpenAI bought one copy of each book, or did they legaly
             | borowed athe books and documents ?
             | 
             | if you copy paste rom books and claim is your content you
             | are plagiarizing. LLMs were provent to copy paste trained
             | content so now what? Should only big Tech be excluded from
             | plagiarizing ?
        
             | pier25 wrote:
             | > _just like a model could_
             | 
             | Not really. You can't multiply yourself a million times to
             | produce content at an industrial scale.
        
             | alabastervlog wrote:
             | This is why I think my array of hard drives full of movies
             | isn't piracy. My server just learned about those movies and
             | can tell me about them, is all. Just like a person!
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | It doesn't, a real person can't legally obtain a copy of a
             | copyrighted work without paying the copyright holder for
             | it. This is what OpenAI is asking for: they don't want to
             | pay for a single copy of a single book, and still they want
             | to train their models on every single book in history (and
             | song, and movie, and painting, and code base, and anything
             | else they can get their hands on).
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | These AI models are just obviously new things. They aren't
             | people, so any analogy about learning from the training
             | material and selling your new skills is off base.
             | 
             | On the other hand, they aren't just a copy of the training
             | content, and whether the process that creates the weights
             | is sufficiently transformative as to create a new work
             | is... what's up for debate, right?
             | 
             | Anyway I wish people would stop making these analogies.
             | There isn't a law covering AI models yet. It is a big
             | industry at this point, and the lack of clarity seems like
             | something we'd expect everybody (legislators and industry)
             | to want to rectify.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | Totally agree. Except the current administration probably
               | will interpret things the way they see fit ...
        
               | codedokode wrote:
               | Model cannot "learn" because it is not a human. What
               | happens is a human obtains "a free copy" of a copyrighted
               | work, processes it using a machine and sells the result.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | > Model cannot "learn" because it is not a human.
               | 
               | Sure, that's why don't like the analogy.
               | 
               | > What happens is a human obtains "a free copy" of a
               | copyrighted work, processes it using a machine and sells
               | the result.
               | 
               | Right, so for example it is pretty common to snip up
               | small bits of songs and to use in other songs (sampling).
               | Maybe that could be an example of somewhere to start?
               | But, these ML models seem quite different, I guess
               | because the "samples" are much smaller and usually not
               | individually identifiable. And really the model encodes
               | information about trends in the sources... I dunno. I
               | still think we need a new law.
        
             | aiono wrote:
             | Can I pirate books to train myself?
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | Do you know Numerical Recipes in C?
             | 
             | This discussion reminds me of it.
        
             | sidewndr46 wrote:
             | And when I "learn" a verbatim copy of pages of that book,
             | then write those pages out in Microsoft Word & sell those
             | pages its legal?
        
           | DebtDeflation wrote:
           | Even moreso, it only applies to initial model training by
           | companies like OpenAI not other companies using those models
           | to generate synthetic data to train their own models.
        
           | binarymax wrote:
           | Yeah it's crazy. I also suspect they might not be confident
           | in their defense from the NYT lawsuit - if they're found in
           | fault then it's going to be trouble.
        
             | logsr wrote:
             | It is hard to see how a court could decide that copyright
             | does not apply to training LLMs without completely
             | collapsing the entire legal structure for intellectual
             | property.
             | 
             | Conceptually, AI basically zeros out existing IP, and makes
             | the AI the only IP that has any value. It is hard to
             | imagine large rights holders and courts accepting that.
             | 
             | The likely outcome is that courts rule against LLM
             | creators/providers and they eventually have to settle on
             | licensing fees with large corporate copyright holders
             | similar to YouTube. Unlike YouTube though, this would open
             | up LLM companies to class action lawsuits from the general
             | public, and so it could be a much worse outcome for them.
        
           | IncreasePosts wrote:
           | Are there certain books that federal law prevents you from
           | reading? Which ones?
           | 
           | Maybe terrorist manuals and some child pornography, but what
           | else?
        
           | diego_sandoval wrote:
           | I would assume that the request is for it to apply to models
           | in the way that it currently applies to humans.
           | 
           | If a human buys a movie, he can watch it and learn about its
           | contents, and then talk about those contents, and he can
           | create a similar movie with a similar theme.
           | 
           | If OpenAI buys a movie and shows it to their model, it's
           | unclear whether the model can talk about the contents of the
           | movie and create a similar movie with a similar theme.
        
             | m1el wrote:
             | somehow, I suspect openai didn't "buy" all of the articles,
             | books, websites they crawled and torrented.
        
             | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
             | Is OpenAI buying the movie, or just taking it?
             | 
             | Since "buying" a movie (as it currently applies to humans)
             | is just buying a limited license to it for private viewing,
             | can't the copyright holder opt to limit the $4.99 license
             | terms to human viewing, and charge $4999 for an AI training
             | license?
             | 
             | Or OpenAI could buy movies the way Disney does, by buying
             | the actual copyright to the film.
        
               | htrp wrote:
               | >Since "buying" a movie (as it currently applies to
               | humans) is just buying a limited license to it for
               | private viewing, can't the copyright holder opt to limit
               | the $4.99 license terms to human viewing, and charge
               | $4999 for an AI training license?
               | 
               | the Reddit data licensing model
        
               | da_chicken wrote:
               | > Since "buying" a movie is just buying a license to it,
               | can't the copyright holder opt to limit the $4.99 license
               | terms to human viewing, and charge $4999 for an AI
               | training license?
               | 
               | That's exactly what already happens currently. Buying a
               | movie on DVD doesn't give you the right to present it for
               | hundreds of people. You need to pay for a public
               | performance license or commercial licence. This is why a
               | TV network or movie theatre can't just buy a DVD at
               | Walmart and then show the movie as often as it likes.
               | 
               | Copyright doesn't just grant exclusive distribution
               | rights. It grants exclusive _use_ rights as well, and
               | permits the owner to control how their work is used.
               | Since AI rights are not granted by any existing licenses,
               | and license terms generally reserve any rights not
               | explicitly specified, feeding copyrighted works into an
               | AI data model is a reserved right of the owner.
        
             | regularjack wrote:
             | OpenAI didn't pay for most of the content it used.
        
           | voytec wrote:
           | This is basically "allow us to steal others' IP". It's hard
           | not to treat Altman like a common thief.
        
           | kranke155 wrote:
           | Not only that
           | 
           | The model gets to use training data of all humans.
           | 
           | But if you use the model as training data OAI will say you're
           | infringing T&Cs
        
         | taurath wrote:
         | It still warps my brain, they've taken trillions of dollars of
         | industry and made a product worth billions by stealing it. IP
         | is practically the basis of the economy, and these models warp
         | and obfuscate ownership of everything, like a giant reset
         | button on who can hold knowledge. It wouldn't be legal, or
         | allowed if tech wasn't seen as the growth path of our economy.
         | It's a hell of a needle to thread and it's unlikely that anyone
         | will ever again be able to model from data so open.
        
           | woah wrote:
           | "IP" is a very new concept in our culture and completely
           | absent in other cultures. It was invented to prevent verbatim
           | reprints of books, but even so, the publishing industry
           | existed for hundreds of years before then. It's been expanded
           | greatly in the past 50 years.
           | 
           | Acting like copyright is some natural law of the universe
           | that LLMs are upending simply because they can learn from
           | written texts is silly.
           | 
           | If you want to argue that it should be radically expanded to
           | the point that not only a work, but even the ideas and
           | knowledge contained in that work should be censored and
           | restricted, fine. But at least have the honesty to admit that
           | this is a radical new expansion for a body of law that has
           | already been radically expanded relatively recently.
        
             | mullingitover wrote:
             | > It was invented to prevent verbatim reprints of books
             | 
             | It was also invented to keep the publishing houses under
             | control and keep them from papering the land in anti-crown
             | propaganda (like the stuff that fueled the civil war in
             | England and got Charles I beheaded).
             | 
             | Probably one of the biggest brewing fights will be whether
             | the models are free to tell the truth or whether they'll be
             | mouthpieces for the ruling class. As long as they play ball
             | with the powers that be, I predict copyrights won't be a
             | problem at all for the chosen winners.
        
               | jsemrau wrote:
               | "mouthpieces for the ruling class"
               | 
               | That's actually a great point. Judging from the current
               | state of media, there is a clear momentum to take sides
               | in moral arguments. Maybe the standard for models need to
               | be a fair use clause?
        
               | selfhoster11 wrote:
               | That's why I am a big proponent of local, open-weights
               | computation. They can't shut down a non-compliant model
               | if you're the one running it yourself.
        
               | derivagral wrote:
               | I agree this would be a positive direction, but something
               | that gives me pause is the forced upgrades and hardware
               | cycle of both mac and windows now. They both scan files
               | in your system constantly for various reasons, so for
               | this purpose you're really stuck on *nix variants, right?
        
               | selfhoster11 wrote:
               | That's what I do. I'm really sick of the OS no longer
               | being mine.
        
             | LtWorf wrote:
             | The problem here is it's still illegal for me to do a
             | backup copy of the stuff i bought, but they can do whatever
             | they want.
        
             | only-one1701 wrote:
             | "The Venetian Patent Statute of 19 March 1474, established
             | by the Republic of Venice, is usually considered to be the
             | earliest codified patent system in the world.[11][12] It
             | states that patents might be granted for "any new and
             | ingenious device, not previously made", provided it was
             | useful. By and large, these principles still remain the
             | basic principles of current patent laws."
             | 
             | What are you talking about.
        
               | pitaj wrote:
               | Patents and copyright are very different beasts.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | The discussion was about IP though, which includes both
               | of those.
        
               | only-one1701 wrote:
               | As another commenter says, this is about IP, but even
               | positing that copyright is somehow invalid because it's
               | new is incredibly obtuse. You know what other law is
               | relatively new? Women's suffrage.
               | 
               | I'm annoyed by arguments like the above because they're
               | clearly derived from working backwards from a desired
               | conclusion; in this case, that someone's original work
               | can be consumed and repurposed to create profit by
               | someone else. Our laws and society have determined this
               | to be illegal; the fact that it would be con isn't for
               | OpenAI if it weren't has no bearing.
        
               | only-one1701 wrote:
               | Also, a quick glance at the wikipedia page for
               | "copyright" talks about the first law being put down and
               | enforced in 1710. What are we even doing here?
        
             | fc417fc802 wrote:
             | > It's been expanded greatly in the past 50 years.
             | 
             | Elephant in the room. If copyright and patent both expired
             | after 20 years or so then I might feel very differently
             | about the system, and by extension about machine learning
             | practices.
             | 
             | It's absurd to me that broad cultural artifacts which we
             | share with our parent's (or even grandparent's) generation
             | can be legally owned.
        
             | codedokode wrote:
             | What AI companies are doing (downloading pirated music and
             | training models) is completely unfair. It takes lot of
             | money (everything related to music is expensive), talent
             | and work to record a good song and what AI companies do is
             | just grab millions of songs for free and call it "fair
             | use". If their developers are so smart and talented why
             | don't they simply compose and record the music by
             | themselves?
             | 
             | > not only a work, but even the ideas and knowledge
             | contained in that work
             | 
             | AI models reproduce existing audio tracks when asked,
             | although in a distorted and low-quality form.
             | 
             | Also it will be funny to observe how US government will try
             | to ignore violating copyright for AI while issuing
             | ridiculous fines for torrenting a movie by ordinary
             | citizens.
        
               | LexGray wrote:
               | Everything in tech is unfair. Music teachers replaced by
               | apps and videos. Audio engineers replaced by apps. Albums
               | manufacturing and music stores replaced by digital
               | downloads. Custom instruments replaced by digital
               | soundboards. Trained vocalists replaced by auto-tune. AI
               | is just the final blip of squeezing humans out of music.
        
               | antihipocrat wrote:
               | Not just music, models are trained on all types of art
               | forms that have been created by humans across every
               | medium and businesses are now choosing to use content
               | from AI rather than pay an artist.
               | 
               | Breakout success can still be achieved from humans who
               | create brand new art styles that can't yet be replicated
               | by an AI. These artists will reap the rewards until all
               | of these works are added to the subsequent AI training
               | models.
        
               | ForTheKidz wrote:
               | > What AI companies are doing (downloading pirated music
               | and training models) is completely unfair.
               | 
               | We work in an industry built on leveraging unfairness.
               | Expecting otherwise on this forum is very odd.
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | _> We work in an industry built on leveraging unfairness.
               | Expecting otherwise on this forum is very odd._
               | 
               | Yet this forum is very quick to criticize other people
               | and other industries for unfairness.
        
               | ForTheKidz wrote:
               | Is it? From my perspective it seems like the folks here
               | mostly are part of the problem, even if there is
               | diversity of opinions.
        
               | oasisaimlessly wrote:
               | > AI models reproduce existing audio tracks when asked,
               | although in a distorted and low-quality form.
               | 
               | So can my wife. Who should I call to have her taken away?
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | The RIAA.
        
             | pera wrote:
             | You are missing GP's point and misunderstanding what
             | generative models are actually doing.
             | 
             | The late OpenAI researcher and whistleblower, Suchir
             | Balaji, wrote an excellent article regarding this topic:
             | 
             | https://suchir.net/fair_use.html
        
             | xbar wrote:
             | Your argument that IP and copyright do not exist now
             | because they did not exist in the past is bogus.
             | 
             | IP and copyright exist.
        
           | jsemrau wrote:
           | Is it the same thing though? Even though Lord Of The Rings,
           | the book, likely has been used to train the models you can't
           | reproduce it. Nor can you make a derivative of it. Is it
           | really the same comparison like "Simba the white lion" and
           | "the lion king"?
           | 
           | https://abounaja.com/blog/intellectual-property-disputes
        
         | EGreg wrote:
         | Gearing up for a fight between the two major industries based
         | on exploitative business models:
         | 
         | Copyright cartels (RIAA, MPAA) that monetized young artists
         | without paying them much at all [1], vs the AI megalomaniacs
         | who took all the work for free and used Kenyans at $2 an hour
         | [2] so that they can raise "$7 trillion" for their AI
         | infrastructure
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/LetsTalkMusic/comments/1fzyr0u/arti...
         | 
         | [2] https://time.com/6247678/openai-chatgpt-kenya-workers/
        
           | Bjorkbat wrote:
           | Can't believe I'm actually rooting for the copyright cartels
           | in this fight.
           | 
           | But that does make me think, that in a sane society with a
           | functional legislature I wouldn't have to pick a dog in this
           | fight. I'd have have enough faith in lawmakers and the
           | political process to pursue a path towards copyright reform
           | that reigns in abuses from both AI companies and megacorp
           | rightsholders
           | 
           | Alas, for now I'm hoping that aforementioned megacorps sue
           | OpenAI into a painful lesson.
        
             | visarga wrote:
             | > Can't believe I'm actually rooting for the copyright
             | cartels in this fight.
             | 
             | The same megacorps are suing Internet Archive for their
             | collection of 78rpm records. These guys would rather see
             | art orphaned and die.
        
               | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
               | Yup, we live in a pretty depressing world.
               | 
               | More generally the best we can hope for us to discourage
               | concentrated power, both in government and corporate
               | forms.
        
               | __loam wrote:
               | They're suing Internet Archive because IA scanned a bunch
               | of copyrighted books to put online for free (e: without
               | even attempting to get permission to do so) then refused
               | to take them down when they got a C&D lol. IA is putting
               | the whole project at risk so they can do literal
               | copyright infringement with no consequences.
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | During covid, when everyone was told to stay at home and
               | not do anything, the library offered library books.
               | 
               | And what they actually did is violate the requirement to
               | have a physical copy of the book they were lending.
               | 
               | As I understand it, they did not offer anything new that
               | wasn't available to loan prior.
               | 
               | I could be wrong. But if I'm not, I see no reason to
               | lambast IA.
        
               | __loam wrote:
               | It's not lambasting to communicate what happened. IA got
               | a C&D, refused to comply, and got sued for copyright
               | infringement. The courts sided with the publishers when
               | IA tried to claim it was fair use (technologists seem to
               | have a pattern of stretching the definition of fair use).
               | They've put their entire project at risk because they've
               | repeatedly ignored the law here. That's just what
               | happened.
        
         | blitzar wrote:
         | I should have "freedom to learn" about any Tesla in the
         | showroom, any F-35 I see laying around an airbase or the
         | contents of anyone in the governments bank account.
        
           | NoOn3 wrote:
           | According to this scheme, if you find a bug and can read the
           | bank's data, then you can use it as you want.
        
             | JonChesterfield wrote:
             | Nope, have to feed it into an llm first, afterwards it's
             | legitimate.
        
               | NoOn3 wrote:
               | No need for a LLM. Humans always have their own neural
               | networks in their heads. :)
        
         | seanmcdirmid wrote:
         | Chinese AI must implement socialist values by law, but law is a
         | much more fluid fuzzy thing in China than in the USA (although
         | the USA seems to be moving away from rule of law recently).
        
           | sva_ wrote:
           | > Chinese AI must implement socialist values by law
           | 
           | I don't doubt it but am interested to read a source? I know
           | the models can't talk about things like Tiananmen Square
           | 1989, but what does 'implementing socialist values by law'
           | look like?
        
             | doctorwho42 wrote:
             | Socialism and freedom of speech aren't mutually exclusive
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | https://www.cnbc.com/2024/07/18/chinese-regulators-begin-
             | tes...
             | 
             | "Socialist values" is literally the language that China
             | used in announcing this.
             | 
             | Here is a recent article from a Chinese source:
             | 
             | https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202503/1329537.shtml
             | 
             | Although censorship isn't mentioned specifically, it is
             | definitely 99% of what they are focused on (the other 1%
             | being scams).
             | 
             | China practices Rule by law, not Rule of law, so you
             | know...they'll know its bad when they see it, so model
             | providers will exercise extreme self censorship (which is
             | already true for social network providers).
        
               | janalsncm wrote:
               | > China practices Rule by law, not Rule of law
               | 
               | In practice the US is less different than you imply. For
               | the vast majority of Americans, being sued is a
               | punishment in and of itself due to the prohibitive costs
               | of hiring a lawyer. In the US we have a right to a
               | "speedy" trial but there are many people sitting in jail
               | now because they can't afford the bail get out. Speedy
               | could mean months.
               | 
               | I say this because when we constantly fall so far short
               | of our ideals, one begins to question if those are really
               | our ideals.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | No one has pure rule of law, but at least the USA has it
               | as a goal. The Chinese government has stated explicitly
               | that rule of law isn't a goal, so it leads to a very
               | different legal system from ours. You have to think much
               | more deeply about the spirit of the law and the flippant
               | intentions of the official class that has all the power
               | (the judicial system isn't allowed to check official
               | power, or even interpret ambiguous or competing laws).
        
               | janalsncm wrote:
               | > The Chinese government has stated explicitly that rule
               | of law isn't a goal
               | 
               | Can you share where you saw this? I am also not aware of
               | anywhere that the US has stated that rule of law is a
               | goal. What you are referring to is more of a norm or
               | tradition. And norms can and do change over time for
               | better or worse.
               | 
               | You could argue that rule of law follows from the
               | preamble to the constitution but that doesn't explicitly
               | mention rule of law either. It mentions various values
               | like justice and tranquility.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | All you have to do is read the Chinese constitution to
               | figure it out. Freedom of speech, religion, press, are
               | all there but aren't meaningful rights since there is no
               | enforcement of those rights. For the rest, here is a
               | document that explains the concept in more detail.
               | https://www.swp-berlin.org/10.18449/2021C28/
               | 
               | > The aim is to use the law as a political instrument to
               | make the state more efficient and to reduce the
               | arbitrariness of how the law is applied for the majority
               | of the population, among other things, with the help of
               | advanced technology. In some areas, for example on
               | procedural issues, Beijing continues to draw inspiration
               | from the West in establishing its Chinese "rule of law".
               | However, the party-state leadership rejects an
               | independent judiciary and the principle of separation of
               | powers as "erroneous western thought". Beijing is
               | explicitly interested in propagating China's conception
               | of law and legal practice internationally, establishing
               | new legal standards and enforcing its interests through
               | the law. Berlin and Brussels should, therefore, pay
               | special attention to the Chinese leadership's concept of
               | the law. In-depth knowledge on this topic will be
               | imperative in order to grasp the strategic implications
               | of China's legal policy, to better understand the logic
               | of their actions and respond appropriately.
               | 
               | This is mostly transcribed from those meetings (vs a
               | westerner interpretation). You really need to understand
               | this to get how the legal systems are different, and how
               | party officials are basically given supreme power (only
               | checked by their bosses).
        
           | j-krieger wrote:
           | So? US AI must implement US rules by law. AI models are
           | heavily censored and tend to favor certain political
           | viewpoints.
        
             | DrillShopper wrote:
             | Which political viewpoints do you think that AI models
             | currently favor?
        
         | 999900000999 wrote:
         | Can this extend to every kid sued by the record industry for
         | downloading a few songs.
         | 
         | Have we all been transported to bizzaro land?
         | 
         | Different rules for billion dollar corps I guess.
        
           | somenameforme wrote:
           | Those cases did very poorly whenever they actually went to
           | court (well at least also including the ones that were
           | summarily dismissed by the courts, meaning they didn't
           | technically make it to court). They were much more of a mafia
           | style shakedown than an actual legal enforcement effort.
           | 
           | Same rules, but people are a lot less inclined to defend
           | themselves because the cost of loss was seen as too high to
           | even risk it.
        
         | thrance wrote:
         | They meant "freedom to learn [through backpropagation]"
         | probably.
         | 
         | Companies like this were allowed to siphon the free work of
         | billions of people over centuries and they still want more.
        
       | pr337h4m wrote:
       | >Chris Lehane, OpenAI's vice president of global affairs, said in
       | an interview that the US AI Safety Institute - a key government
       | group focused on AI - could act as the main point of contact
       | between the federal government and the private sector. If
       | companies work with the group voluntarily to review models, the
       | government could provide them "with liability protections
       | including preemption from state based regulations that focus on
       | frontier model security," according to the proposal.
       | 
       | Given OpenAI's history and relationship with the "AI safety"
       | movement, I wouldn't be surprised to find out later that they
       | also lobbied for the same proposed state-level regulations
       | they're seeking relief from.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | Regulatory moat and copyright relief for me, but not for thee.
        
           | MisterTea wrote:
           | Problem is they built the moat before moving into the castle.
        
             | altairprime wrote:
             | Moats are not a problem if your liege lord teleports in and
             | lowers the drawbridge for you.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | no need for teleportation. just climb the walls. the
               | castle is not protected, and has no pots of oil or
               | flaming arrows yet.
        
               | mjmas wrote:
               | unfortunately their Ai refuses to help them attack the
               | castle, citing safety concerns.
        
           | hayst4ck wrote:
           | Moat is an Orwellian word and we should reject words that
           | contain a conceptual metaphor that is convenient for abusing
           | power.
           | 
           | "Building a moat" frames anti-competitive behavior as a
           | defense rather than an assault on the free market by implying
           | that monopolistic behavior is a survival strategy rather than
           | an attempt to dominate the market and coerce customers.
           | 
           | "We need to build a moat" is much more agreeable to tell
           | employees than "we need to be more anti-competitive."
        
             | sitkack wrote:
             | It is pretty obvious that every use of that word is to
             | communicate a stance that is allergic to free markets.
             | 
             | A moat by definition has such a large strategic asymmetry
             | that one cannot cross it without a very high chance of
             | death. A functioning SEC and FTC as well as CFPB https://en
             | .wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_... are
             | necessary for efficient markets.
             | 
             | Now might be the time to rollout consumer club cards that
             | are adversarial in nature.
        
             | pclmulqdq wrote:
             | A "moat" is a fine business term for what it relates to,
             | and most moats are innocuous:
             | 
             | * The secret formula for Coke
             | 
             | * ASML's technology
             | 
             | * The "Gucci" brand
             | 
             | * Apple's network effects
             | 
             | These are genuine competitive advantages in the market.
             | Regulatory moats and other similar things _are_ an assault
             | on the free market. Moats in general are not.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | I'm with you except for that last one. Innovation
               | provides a moat that also benefits the consumer. In
               | contrast, network effects don't seem to provide any
               | benefit. They're just a landscape feature that can be
               | taken advantage of by the incumbent to make competition
               | more difficult.
               | 
               | I'm hardly the only one to think this way, hence
               | regulation such as data portability in the EU.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | I agree with you in general, but there are network
               | effects at Apple that are helpful to the consumer. For
               | example, iphone-mac integration makes things better for
               | owners of both, and Apple can internally develop
               | protocols like their "bump to share a file" protocol much
               | faster than they can as part of an industry consortium.
               | Both of these are network effects that are beneficial to
               | the consumer.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | I'm not sure a single individual owning multiple products
               | from the same company is the typical way "network effect"
               | is used.
               | 
               | The protocol example is a good one. However I don't think
               | it's the network effect that's beneficial in that case
               | but rather the innovation of the thing that was built.
               | 
               | If it's closed, I think that facet specifically is
               | detrimental to the consumer.
               | 
               | If it's open, then that's the best you can do to mitigate
               | the unfortunate reality that taking advantage of this
               | particular innovation requires multiple participating
               | endpoints. It's just how it is.
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | I'm fine with Apple making their gear work together, but
               | they shouldn't be privileged over third parties.
               | 
               | Moreover, they shouldn't have any way to force (or even
               | nudge via defaults) the user to use Apple Payments, App
               | Store, or other Apple platform pieces. Anyone should be
               | on equal footing and there shouldn't be any taxation.
               | Apple already has every single advantage, and what
               | they're doing now is occupying an anticompetitive high
               | ground via which they can control (along with duopoly
               | partner Google) the entire field of mobile computing.
        
               | hayst4ck wrote:
               | Based on your examples (which did genuinely make me
               | question my assertion), it seems that patents and
               | exclusivity deals are a major part of moat development,
               | as are pricing games and rampant acquisitions.
               | 
               | Apple's network effects are anti-compeitive creating
               | vendor lock-in, which allows them to coerce customers. I
               | generally defend Apple. But they are half anti-
               | competitive (coerce customers), half competitive (earn
               | customers), but earning customers is fueled by the
               | coercive app store.
               | 
               | This is a very clear example of how moat is an abusive
               | word. Under one framing (moat) network effects are a way
               | to earn customers by spending resources on projects that
               | earn customers (defending market position). In the anti-
               | competitive framing, network effects are an explicit
               | strategy to create vendor lock in and make it more
               | challenging to migrate to other platforms so apple's
               | budget to implement anti-customer policies is bigger.
               | 
               | ASML is a patent based monopoly, with exclusivity
               | agreements with suppliers, with significant export
               | controls. I will grant you that bleeding edge technology
               | is arguably the best case argument for the word moat, but
               | it's also worth asking in detail how technology is
               | actually developed and understanding that patents are
               | state sanctioned monopolies.
               | 
               | Both Apple and ASML could reasonably be considered
               | monopo-like. So I'm not sure they are the best defense
               | against how moat implies anti-competitive behavior.
               | Monopolies are fundamentally anti-competitive.
               | 
               | The Gucci brand works against the secondary market for
               | their goods and has an army of lawyers to protect their
               | brand against imitators and has many limiting/exclusivity
               | agreements on suppliers.
               | 
               | Coke's formula is probably the least "moaty" thing about
               | coca cola. Their supply chain is their moat and their
               | competitive advantage is also rooted in exclusivity
               | deals. "Our company is so competitive because our recipe
               | is just that good" is a major kool-aid take.
               | 
               | Patents are arguably good, but are legalized anti-
               | competition. Exclusivity agreements don't seem very
               | competitive. Acquisitions are anti-competitive. Pricing
               | games to snuff out competition seems like the type of
               | thing that can done chiefly in anti-competitive contexts.
               | 
               | So ASML isn't an argument against "moat means anti-
               | competitive", but an argument that sometimes anti-
               | competitive behavior is better for society because it
               | allows for otherwise economically unfeasible things to be
               | be feasible. The other brand's moats are much more rooted
               | in business practices around acquisitions and suppliers
               | creating de facto vertical integrations. Monopolies _do_
               | offer better cheaper products, until they attain a market
               | position that allows them to coerce customers.
               | 
               | Anti-trust authorities have looked at those companies.
               | 
               | Another conceptual metaphor is "president as CEO." The
               | CEO metaphor re-frames political rule as a business
               | operation, which makes executive overreach appear logical
               | rather than dangerous.
               | 
               | You could reasonably argue that the president functions
               | as a CEO, but the metaphor itself is there to manufacture
               | consent for unchecked power.
               | 
               | Conceptual metaphors are insidious. PR firms and think
               | tanks actively work to craft these insidious metaphors
               | that shape conversations and how people think about the
               | world. By the time you've used the metaphor, you've
               | already accepted many of the implications of the metaphor
               | without even knowing it.
               | 
               | https://commonslibrary.org/frame-the-debate-insights-
               | from-do...
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Patents are state-sanctioned monopolies. That is their
               | explicit purpose. And for all the "shoulders of giants"
               | and "science is a collective effort" arguments, none of
               | them can explain why no Chinese company (a jurisdiction
               | that does not respect Western patents) can do what ASML
               | does. They have the money and the expertise, but somehow
               | they don't have the technology.
               | 
               | Also, the Gucci brand does not have lawyers. The Gucci
               | brand is a name, a logo, and an aesthetic. Kering S.A.
               | (owners of Gucci), enforces that counterfeit Gucci
               | products don't show up. The designers at Kering spend a
               | lot of effort coming up with Gucci-branded products, and
               | they generally seem to have the pulse of a certain sector
               | of the market.
               | 
               | The analysis of Coke's supply chain is wrong. The supply
               | chain Coke uses is pretty run-of-the-mill, and I'm pretty
               | sure that aside from the syrup (with the aforementioned
               | secret formula), they actually outsource most of their
               | manufacturing. They have good scale, but past ~100
               | million cans, I'm not sure you get many economies of
               | scale in soda. That's why my local supermarket chain can
               | offer "cola" that doesn't quite taste like Coke for
               | cheaper than Coke. You could argue that the brand and the
               | marketing are the moat, but the idea that Coke has a
               | supply chain management advantage (let alone a moat over
               | this) is laughable.
        
             | mullingitover wrote:
             | > "Building a moat" frames anti-competitive behavior as a
             | defense
             | 
             | This is a drastic take, I think to most of us in the
             | industry "moat" simply means whatever difficult-to-
             | replicate competitive advantage that a firm has invested
             | heavily in.
             | 
             | Regulatory capture and graft aren't moats, they're plain
             | old corrupt business practices.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | Those two concepts aren't mutually exclusive.
        
               | hayst4ck wrote:
               | The problem is that moat is a defensive word and using it
               | to describe competitive advantage implies that even anti-
               | competitive tactics are defensive because that's the
               | frame under which the conversation is taking place.
               | 
               | Worse that "moats" are a good thing, which they are for
               | the company, but not necessarily society at large. The
               | larger the moat, the more money coming out of your pocket
               | as a customer.
               | 
               | It is insidious.
        
               | mjan22640 wrote:
               | Competitive advantage is anti competitive from the logic
               | of the matter.
        
               | cnity wrote:
               | This is like saying Usain Bolt's training regimine is
               | anti-competitive. Leaning into your strengths as an
               | organisation _is competing_.
        
         | svilen_dobrev wrote:
         | > ask for regulation then ask for exempt
         | 
         | That's exactly what has been happening:
         | 
         | Ask HN: Why is OpenAI pushing for regulation so much - 2023
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36045397
        
           | api wrote:
           | OpenAI lobbied for restrictive rules, and now they want an
           | "out" but only for themselves. Absolute naked regulatory
           | capture.
        
             | hnlurker22 wrote:
             | Just like when people complain about OpenAI's ill practices
             | then they use it the most
        
               | tdeck wrote:
               | Can anyone say which of the LLM companies is the least
               | "shady"?
               | 
               | If I want to use an LLM to augment my work, and don't
               | have a massively powerful local machine to run local
               | models, what are the best options?
               | 
               | Obviously I saw the news about OpenAI's head of research
               | openly supporting war crimes, but I don't feel confident
               | about what's up with the other companies.
        
               | bakuninsbart wrote:
               | The Claude people seem to be quite chill.
        
               | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
               | Agreed. They're a bit mental on "safety" but given that's
               | not likely to be a real issue then they're fine.
        
               | neuronexmachina wrote:
               | Given the growing focus on AIs as agents, I think it's
               | going to be a real issue sooner rather than later.
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | "Safety" was in air quotes for a reason. The Claude
               | peoples' idea of "AI safety" risks are straight out of
               | the terminator movies.
        
               | robbiep wrote:
               | Wouldn't you rather have a player concerned with worst
               | case scenarios?
        
               | chithanh wrote:
               | Defending against movie plot threats has been found not a
               | good use of resources already 20 years ago in the war on
               | terrorism.
               | 
               | https://www.schneier.com/essays/archives/2005/09/terroris
               | ts_...
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | These aren't worst-case scenarios. That would imply there
               | was an actual possibility of it happening.
        
               | bionhoward wrote:
               | Claude has closed outputs and they train on your inputs.
               | Just like OpenAI, Grok, and Gemini (API), mistral...
               | 
               | Who's chill? Groq is chill
        
               | PeterStuer wrote:
               | Just use what works for you.
               | 
               | E.g. i'm _very_ outspoken about my preferences for open
               | llm practices like executed by Meta and Deepseek. I 'm
               | very aware of the regulatory caption and pulling up the
               | ladder tactics by the "AI safety" lobby.
               | 
               | However. In my own operations I do still rely on OpenAI
               | because it works better than what I tried so far for my
               | use case.
               | 
               | That said, when I can find an open model based SaaS
               | operator that serves my needs as well without major
               | change investment, I will switch.
        
               | hnlurker22 wrote:
               | Why not vibe-code it using OpenAI
        
               | PeterStuer wrote:
               | I'm not talking about me developing the applications, but
               | about using LLM services inside the products in
               | operation.
               | 
               | For my "vibe coding" I've been using OpenAI, Grok and
               | Deepseek if using small method generation, documentation
               | shortcuts, library discovery and debugging counts as
               | such.
        
               | nautilus12 wrote:
               | Just call it hacking, we don't need new names for coding
               | without any forethought.
        
               | hnlurker22 wrote:
               | Who put you in charge of naming?
        
               | fuzztester wrote:
               | A: none of the above
        
               | dacryn wrote:
               | claude and mistral seem to be in a good ethical place.
               | 
               | You actually can't fault llama either, as a standalone
               | product. However it's still in Zuck Paradise
        
               | bigbuppo wrote:
               | My AI strategy is still "No".
        
               | fuzztester wrote:
               | Amen
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/we-should-improve-society-
               | som...
        
               | hnlurker22 wrote:
               | https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/analogia-is-my-passion
        
             | sitkack wrote:
             | Also textbook Fascism.
             | 
             | Trump should have a Most Favored Corporate status, each
             | corporation in a vertical can compete for favor and the one
             | that does gets to be "teacher's pet" when it comes to
             | exemptions, contracts, trade deals, priority in resource
             | right access, etc.
        
               | yadaeno wrote:
               | Can you explain why this is associated with fascism
               | specifically, and not any other form of government which
               | has high levels of oligarchical corruption (like North
               | Korea, Soviet Russia, etc).
               | 
               | I am not saying you're wrong, but please educate me why
               | is this form of corruption/cronyism is unique to fascism?
        
               | tdeck wrote:
               | It might be basic, but I found the Wikipedia article to
               | be a good place to start:
               | 
               | > An important aspect of fascist economies was economic
               | dirigism,[35] meaning an economy where the government
               | often subsidizes favorable companies and exerts strong
               | directive influence over investment, as opposed to having
               | a merely regulatory role. In general, fascist economies
               | were based on private property and private initiative,
               | but these were contingent upon service to the state.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics_of_fascism
        
               | the_optimist wrote:
               | It's a poor definition. The same "subsidization and
               | directive influence" applies to all of Krugman's Nobel-
               | wining domestic champion, emerging market development
               | leaders, in virtually all 'successful' economies. It also
               | applies in the context of badly run, failed and failing
               | economies. Safe to say this factor is only somewhat
               | correlated. Broad assertions are going to be factually
               | wrong.
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | The key element here is that the power exchange in this
               | case goes both ways. The corporations do favors for the
               | administration (sometimes outright corrupt payments and
               | sometimes useful favors, like promoting certain kinds of
               | content in the media, or firing employees who speak up.)
               | And in exchange the companies get regulatory favors.
               | While all economic distortions can be problematic --
               | national champion companies probably have tradeoffs -
               | this is a form of distortion that hurts citizens both by
               | distorting the market, and also by distorting the
               | democratic environment by which citizens might correct
               | the problems.
        
               | tdeck wrote:
               | That's because it's not a definition, it's simply a
               | summary of a description of one characteristic.
        
               | stale2002 wrote:
               | So then you agree that the original post that called this
               | "text book fascism" was wrong, as this is just one very
               | vague, and only slightly correlated property.
               | 
               | This can be bad without invoking godwin's law.
        
               | munificent wrote:
               | All snakes have scales, so there is a 100% correlation
               | between being a snake and having scales.
               | 
               | That does not imply that fish are snakes. Nor does the
               | presence of scaled fish invalidate the observation that
               | having scales is a defining attribute of snakes (it's
               | just not a _sufficient_ attribute to define snakes).
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | That's not accurate either. Scaleless snakes, thigh a
               | rare mutation, do exist as genetic mutants.
               | 
               | https://www.morphmarket.com/morphpedia/corn-
               | snakes/scaleless...
        
               | oasisaimlessly wrote:
               | > there is a 100% correlation between being a snake and
               | having scales.
               | 
               | That's a strange definition of "correlation" that you're
               | using.
        
               | cousin_it wrote:
               | For correlation to be 1, it's not enough that all snakes
               | have scales. You also need all scaly animals to be
               | snakes.
               | 
               | Here's a toy example. Imagine three equally sized groups
               | of animals: scaly snakes, scaly fish, and scaleless fish.
               | (So all snakes have scales, but not all scaly animals are
               | snakes.) That's three data points (1,1) (0,1) (0,0) with
               | probability 1/3 each. The correlation between snake and
               | scaly comes out as 1/2.
               | 
               | You can also see it geometrically. The only way
               | correlation can be 1 is if all points lie on a straight
               | line. But in this case it's a triangle.
        
               | the_optimist wrote:
               | You're looking for the logical argument here, not the
               | statistical one. You sampled from snakes and said there
               | is a 100% correlation with being a snake (notwithstanding
               | the counterarg in an adjacent comment about scale-free
               | snakes).
               | 
               | I am noting that the logical argument does not hold in
               | the provided definition. If "some" attributes hold in a
               | definition, you are expanding the definitional set, not
               | reducing it, and thus creating a low-res definition. That
               | is why I said: 'this is a poor definition.'
        
               | MaxPock wrote:
               | Sounds like South Korea and her Chaebols
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Yea fascism, communism, etc aren't abstract ideals in the
               | real world. Instead they are self reinforcing directions
               | along a multidimensional political spectrum.
               | 
               | The scary thing with fascism is just how quickly it can
               | snowball because people at the top of so many powerful
               | structures in society benefit. US Presidents get a
               | positive spin by giving more access to organizations that
               | support them. Those kinds of quiet back room deals
               | benefit the people making them, but not everyone outside
               | the room.
        
               | somenameforme wrote:
               | That's not fascism, that is the dysfunctional status quo
               | in literally every single country in the world. Why do
               | you think companies and billionaires dump what amounts to
               | billions of dollars on candidates? Often times it's not
               | even this candidate or that, but both!
               | 
               | They then get access, get special treatment, and come out
               | singing the praises of [errr.. what's his name again?]
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | It's not Fascism on its own, but it's representative of
               | the forces that push society to Fascism.
               | 
               | Start looking and you'll find powerful forces shaping
               | history. Sacking a city is extremely profitable
               | throughout antiquity, which then pushes cities to have
               | defensive capabilities which then...
               | 
               | In the Bronze Age trade was critical as having Copper ore
               | alone wasn't nearly as useful as having copper and access
               | to tin. Iron however is found basically everywhere as
               | where trees.
               | 
               | Such forces don't guarantee outcomes, but they have
               | massive influence.
        
               | somenameforme wrote:
               | It's rather amusing reading the link on dirigisme given
               | the context of its alleged implication. [1] A word which
               | I, and suspect most, have never heard before.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | The term emerged in the post-World War II era to describe
               | the economic policies of France which included
               | substantial state-directed investment, the use of
               | indicative economic planning to supplement the market
               | mechanism and the establishment of state enterprises in
               | strategic domestic sectors. It coincided with both the
               | period of substantial economic and demographic growth,
               | known as the Trente Glorieuses which followed the war,
               | and the slowdown beginning with the 1973 oil crisis.
               | 
               | The term has subsequently been used to classify other
               | economies that pursued similar policies, such as Canada,
               | Japan, the East Asian tiger economies of Hong Kong,
               | Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan; and more recently the
               | economy of the People's Republic of China (PRC) after its
               | economic reforms,[2] Malaysia, Indonesia[3][4] and India
               | before the opening of its economy in 1991.[5][6][7]
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirigisme
        
               | deanishe wrote:
               | > A word which I, and suspect most, have never heard
               | before.
               | 
               | It's a pretty normal word in British English, tbh.
               | 
               | Maybe it's because we do French at school.
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | Would describe e.g. social democracy too though. And in
               | practice most govs work like this.
        
               | desdenova wrote:
               | Social democracy has historically been a precursor to
               | fascism, so it makes sense.
        
               | api wrote:
               | Socialism and communism are state ownership. Fascism
               | tends toward private ownership and state control. This is
               | actually easier and better for the state. It gets all the
               | benefit and none of the responsibility and can throw
               | business leaders under the bus.
               | 
               | All real world countries have some of this, but in
               | fascism it's really overt and dialed up and for the
               | private sector participation is not optional. If you
               | don't toe the line you are ruined or worse. If you do
               | play along you can get very very rich, but only if you
               | remember who is in charge.
               | 
               | "Public private partnership" style ventures are kind of
               | fascism lite, and they always worried me for that reason.
               | It's not an open bid but a more explicit relationship. If
               | you look back at Musk's career in particular there are
               | ominous signs of where this was going.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | The private industry side of fascist corporatism is very
               | similar to all kinds of systematic state industry
               | cronyism, particularly in other authoritarian systems
               | that aren't precisely fascist (and named systems of
               | government are just idealized points on the
               | multidimensional continuum on which actual governments
               | are distributed, anyway), what distinguishes fascism
               | particularly is the combination of its form of
               | corporatism with xenophobia, militaristic nationalism,
               | etc., not the form of corporatism alone.
        
               | Ray20 wrote:
               | I think it is associated with fascism, just from the
               | other party.
               | 
               | This is pretty common fascist practice that is used all
               | over Europe and in any left-leaning countries, when with
               | regulations governments make doing business on large
               | scale impossible, and then give largest players
               | exemptions, subsidies and so on. Governments gain
               | enormous leverage to ensure corporate loyalty, silence
               | dissenters and combat opposition, while the biggest
               | players secure their place at the top and gain protection
               | from competitors.
               | 
               | So the plan was push regulations and then dominate over
               | the competitors with exemptions from those regulations.
               | But fascists loose the election, regulations threaten to
               | start working in a non-discriminatory manner, and this
               | will simply hinder business.
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | _> and then give largest players exemptions, subsidies
               | and so on._
               | 
               | You mean like Germany has done?
        
               | fuzztester wrote:
               | Like Most Favoured Nation:
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_favoured_nation
        
               | lazyeye wrote:
               | Groan....
        
               | ForTheKidz wrote:
               | People who don't learn history will be condemned to
               | repeat it. Granted this isn't necessary to be skeptical
               | of american business....
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | Isn't this the opposite? Trump has learned from history
               | exactly so that he can repeat it?
               | 
               | Or his lackeys have anyway. I'm unwilling to believe the
               | man has ever read a book.
        
               | ForTheKidz wrote:
               | Trump also isn't giving "nothing ever happens" vibes.
        
               | Animats wrote:
               | That's in progress. It's called the MAGA Parallel
               | Economy.[1]
               | 
               | Donald Trump, Jr. is in charge. Vivek Ramaswamy and Peter
               | Thiel are involved. Azoria ETF and 1789 Capital are funds
               | designed to fund MAGA-friendly companies.
               | 
               | But this may be a sideshow. The main show is US CEOs
               | sucking up to Trump, as happened at the inauguration.
               | That parallels something Putin did in 2020. Putin called
               | in the top two dozen oligarchs, and told them "Stay out
               | of politics and your wealth won't be touched." "Loyalty
               | is what Putin values above all else." Three of the
               | oligarchs didn't do that. Berezovsky was forced out of
               | Russia. Gusinsky was arrested, and later fled the
               | country. Khodorkovsky, regarded as Russia's richest man
               | at the time (Yukos Oil), was arrested in 2003 and spent
               | ten years in jail. He got out in 2013 and left for the
               | UK. Interestingly, he was seen at Trump's inauguration.
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2025/03/13/maga-
               | influ...
               | 
               | [2] https://apnews.com/article/russia-putin-oligarchs-
               | rich-ukrai...
        
               | darkwater wrote:
               | > That parallels something Putin did in 2020. Putin
               | called in the top two dozen oligarchs, and told them
               | "Stay out of politics and your wealth won't be touched.
               | 
               | > Khodorkovsky [...] was arrested in 2003
               | 
               | Something doesn't square here
        
               | shakna wrote:
               | It was in 2000 [0]
               | 
               | [0] https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2022/03/29/1088886
               | 554/how...
        
               | silvaring wrote:
               | Its a typo, the article says it happened in the summer of
               | 2000.
        
               | Animats wrote:
               | Right re 2000.
        
               | richrichardsson wrote:
               | Could just be a muscle-memory typo. Much more likely to
               | be typing 2020 these days than 2002.
        
               | api wrote:
               | Why are these idiots trying to ape Russia, a dumpster
               | fire, to make America great again?
               | 
               | If there's anyone to copy it's China in industry and
               | maybe elements of Western Europe and Japan in some civic
               | areas.
               | 
               | Russia is worse on every metric, even the ones
               | conservatives claim to care about: lower birth rate, high
               | divorce rate, much higher abortion rate, higher domestic
               | violence rate, more drug use, more alcoholism, and much
               | less church attendance.
               | 
               | I. Do. Not. Get. The Russia fetish.
        
               | abenga wrote:
               | > I. Do. Not. Get. The Russia fetish.
               | 
               | It's not a Russia fetish. It's a Strongman fetish.
        
               | NeutralCrane wrote:
               | Because they aren't interested in "making America great
               | again", that's the marketing line used to sell it to
               | American voters. They are solely interested in looting
               | the nation for personal gain.
        
               | jdiez17 wrote:
               | What do you think Melon Tusk is doing, apart from letting
               | out his inner (and outer) (and literal) child on the
               | world stage?
        
               | NicoJuicy wrote:
               | Selling the government/land/public companies to the
               | highest bidder, which in many cases would be him too
        
               | blitzar wrote:
               | Lots of Ketamine.
        
               | cynicalsecurity wrote:
               | Elon Musk is a text book definition of an oligarch,
               | combining tremendous wealth, control over major
               | technological industries and political power.
        
               | enriquec wrote:
               | so edgy
        
               | yk wrote:
               | Perhaps that would be a use for the $TRUMP coin, whoever
               | owns most gets to favorite corporation.
        
             | arkadiytehgraet wrote:
             | I believe with regulatory capture the companies that pushed
             | for the regulation in the first place at least comply with
             | it (and hopefully the regulation is not worthless). This
             | behaviour by ClosedAI is even worse: push for the
             | regulation, then push for the exemption.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | Regulatory capture is usually the company pushing for
               | regulations that align with the business practices they
               | already implement and would be hard for a competitor to
               | implement. For example, a car company that wants to
               | require all other manufactures to build and operate wind
               | tunnels for aerodynamics testing. Or more realistically,
               | regulations requiring 3rd party sellers for vehicles.
        
               | m463 wrote:
               | Regulators can require all manufactures to build and
               | operate wind tunnels for aerodynamics testing, or
               | alternatively allow someone from south africa to be
               | president.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | That's the first time I've ever heard someone make this
               | unusual and very specific definition. It's almost always
               | much simpler - you get favorable regulatory findings and
               | exemptions by promising jobs or other benefits to the
               | people doing the regulating. It's not complicated, it's
               | just bribery with a different name.
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | That's not regulatory capture at all. Grandparent's
               | definition is correct.
        
               | ghshephard wrote:
               | I haven't heard that definition of "Regulatory Capture"
               | before. I mostly thought it was just when the regulators
               | are working for industry instead of the people. That is,
               | the regulators have been "Captured." The politicians who
               | nominate the regulatory bodies are paid off by industry
               | to keep it that way.
        
               | jacksnipe wrote:
               | You're correct that this is the broad definition, but GP
               | is correct that that is a very common form of regulatory
               | capture in the US.
        
               | throw__away7391 wrote:
               | I've seen this happen many times during the RFI/RFP
               | process for large projects, the largest players put boots
               | on the ground early and try to get into the ears of the
               | decision makers and their consultants and "helpfully"
               | educate them. On multiple occasions I've seen requests
               | actually using a specific vendor's product name as a
               | generic term without realizing it, when their
               | competitors' products worked in a completely different
               | way and didn't have a corresponding component in their
               | offering.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | I agree. I wasn't trying to strictly define it just
               | specify the form it usually takes.
               | 
               | In the case of OpenAI, were I to guess, they'll likely do
               | things like push for stronger copyright laws or laws
               | against web scraping. Things that look harmless but
               | ultimately will squash new competitors in the AI market.
               | Now that they already have a bunch of the data to train
               | their models, they'll be happy to make it a little harder
               | for them to get new data if it means they don't have to
               | compete.
        
               | PeterStuer wrote:
               | Regulatory capture has different flavours, but it
               | basically comes down to the regulated taking control of
               | or significantly influencing the regulator. It can be by
               | the complete sector, but in my experience most often by
               | the leading incumbants in a domain.
               | 
               | It can be through keeping regulation to be mild or look
               | the other way, but as often to put up high cost/high
               | compliance burdens in place to pull up the drawbridge for
               | new entrants.
        
               | xvector wrote:
               | We all predicted this would happen but somehow the highly
               | intelligent employees at OpenAI getting paid north of $1M
               | could not foresee this obvious eventuality.
        
             | artursapek wrote:
             | nice to see HN is no longer glazing Sam Altman
        
             | mkoubaa wrote:
             | And it probably would have worked if David Sacks wasn't the
             | AI czar. The Harris administration would probably have
             | caved by now
        
           | bmitc wrote:
           | It's a common tactic in new fields. Fusion, AI, you name it
           | are all actively lobbying to get new regulation because they
           | are "different", and the individual companies want to ensure
           | that it's them that sets the tone.
        
             | mkagenius wrote:
             | Looks the same as taking "rebate for green energy" and then
             | asking to "stop such rebates" a few years later
        
               | bmitc wrote:
               | Exactly. I'm reminded of Gavin Belson saying something
               | along the lines of "I don't want to live in a world where
               | someone makes it a better place to live than we do" in
               | _Silicon Valley_.
        
               | mkagenius wrote:
               | Yes, its slightly different though - in that, we end up
               | with a better place either way.
        
           | nand_gate wrote:
           | They've no moat so I don't see them surviving without a gov't
           | bail out like this.
        
             | claude_thinking wrote:
             | LLM usage is still gaining traction. OpenAI may not be on
             | top anymore, but they still have useful services, and they
             | aren't going under anytime soon.
             | 
             | And time spent dealing with laws and regulations may
             | decrease efficiency, leading to increased power
             | consumption, resulting in greater water usage in
             | datacenters for cooling and more greenhouse gas emissions.
             | 
             | Controlling demand for services is something that could
             | stop this, but it's technological progress, which could
             | enable solutions for global warming, hunger, and disease.
             | 
             | It's a locomotive out-of-control. Prayer is the answer I'd
             | think of.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | >And time spent dealing with laws and regulations may
               | decrease efficiency, leading to increased power
               | consumption, resulting in greater water usage in
               | datacenters for cooling and more greenhouse gas
               | emissions.
               | 
               | They don't care about that if they get a regulatory moat
               | around them.
        
               | claude_thinking wrote:
               | There's only so much of that you can do without it
               | becoming a problem you have to deal with. There is a
               | limited supply of water in any area of the earth.
        
               | clown_strike wrote:
               | Maybe buying up all the water rights so nobody can use it
               | to cool their own server farm is the literal moat that
               | would serve them best.
        
               | PeterStuer wrote:
               | They should hook up with Nestle.
        
               | breckenedge wrote:
               | If they're not making money[1], and competitors are, or
               | competitors are able to run at a negative for longer,
               | then things could definitely wrap up for them quickly. To
               | most consumers, LLMs will be a feature (of
               | Google/Bing/X/Meta/OS), not a product itself.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.itpro.com/technology/artificial-
               | intelligence/peo...
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | I remember for years people on HN said Uber would never
               | work as a profitable business because it spent a lot of
               | VC money earlier on without having enough revenue to
               | cover it all. It's been around for 16yrs now despite
               | running in the black until 2023.
        
               | DesaiAshu wrote:
               | uber is like a fine wine. it will appreciate and pay
               | dividends until it bursts when waymo et. al. take over
               | the streets in 20 years
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | Waymo has ~1000 cars. Uber has 8 million drivers. Worst
               | case Uber will be acquired or merger or make a deal with
               | one of the many AI driving startups.
               | 
               | I predict Waymo will have their own struggles with
               | profitability. Last I heard the LIDAR kit they put on
               | cars costs more than the car. So they'll have to mass
               | produce + maintain some fancy electronics on a million+
               | cars.
        
               | realityfactchex wrote:
               | FYI: s/running in the black/running in the red/
               | 
               | [0] https://languagesystems.edu/history-of-idioms-to-be-
               | in-black...
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | Do you remember when people also thought rabbit would be
               | a revolutionary AI device?
        
               | claude_thinking wrote:
               | > To most consumers, LLMs will be a feature (of
               | Google/Bing/X/Meta/OS), not a product itself.
               | 
               | OpenAI rejected a 97.4B USD buyout in February 2025 and
               | won't be absorbed anytime soon:
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/14/technology/openai-
               | elon-mu...
        
               | NBJack wrote:
               | Don't worry; they'll have plenty of time to regret that.
               | 
               | There's a reason they're sweating the data issue. As much
               | as it sucks to say it, Google/Bing/Meta/etc. all have a
               | _shitton_ of proprietary human-generated data they can
               | work with, train on, fine tune with, etc. OpenAI _needs_
               | more human generated data desperately to keep going.
        
             | adventured wrote:
             | OpenAI has a gigantic moat.
             | 
             | No moat means Joe Anybody can compete with them. You just
             | need billions in capital, a zillion GPUs, thousands of
             | hyper skilled employees. You need to somehow get the
             | attention of tens of millions of consumers (and then pull
             | them away from the competition, ha).
             | 
             | Sure.
             | 
             | The same premise was endlessly floated about eg Uber and
             | Google having no moats (Google was going to be killed by
             | open search, Baidu, magic, whatever). These things are said
             | by people that don't understand the comically vast cost of
             | big infrastructure, branding, consumer lock-in (or consumer
             | behavior in general), market momentum, the difficulty of
             | raising enormous sums of capital, and so on.
             | 
             | Oh wait the skeptics say: what about DeepSeek. To scale and
             | support that you're going to need what I described. What's
             | the plan for supporting 100 million subscribers globally
             | with a beast of an LLM that wants all the resources you can
             | muster? Yeah, that's what I thought. Oh but wait, everyone
             | is going to run a datacenter out of their home and operate
             | their own local LLM, uhh nope. It's overwhelmingly staying
             | in the cloud and it's going to cost far over a trillion
             | dollars to power it globally over the next 20 years.
             | 
             | OpenAI has the same kind of moat that Google has, although
             | their brand/reach/size obviously isn't on par at this
             | point.
        
               | swexbe wrote:
               | Microsoft is providing the compute, the capital, and if
               | 365 Copilot takes off, also the consumers.
               | 
               | Microsoft has a mote. Oai does not.
        
               | dacryn wrote:
               | 365 is not taking off. Numbers are average at best. Most
               | companies now pay 20/user/month extra, and whilst the
               | sentiment is that it likely kina is somehow worth it,
               | nobody claims it would be better than break even. Many
               | users are deeply disappointed with the overpromising in
               | powerpoint and excel. Sure it's quite useful in outlook
               | and the assistant is great to find files in scattered
               | sharepoints, but that's the limit of my value with it.
               | 
               | OpenAI copilot, not microsoft copilot, actually looks
               | like a stronger product and they're going full force
               | after the enterprise market as we speak. We're setting a
               | demo in motion with them next month to give it a go.
               | 
               | We'll have to wait for the first one to crack Powerpoint,
               | that'll be the gamechanger.
        
         | CPLX wrote:
         | The fact that Chris Lehane is the one involved in this should
         | tell you all you need to know about how on the level all this
         | is.
        
           | OkGoDoIt wrote:
           | For those of us who don't recognize him by name, can you
           | spell it out a little more clearly please?
        
             | PeterStuer wrote:
             | Was he not the one that lead coverups for the Clintons?
        
             | natch wrote:
             | Heavy hitter lawyer, PR expert. Some google terms: Masters
             | of disaster, Spin cycle.
        
               | stuckkeys wrote:
               | Sounds like a pleasant person.
        
               | natch wrote:
               | I mean... he has supported at least one good cause I know
               | of where the little guy was getting screwed way beyond
               | big time and he stepped up pro bono. So I like him. But
               | probably mostly a hired gun.
        
           | sunshine-o wrote:
           | Just learning about that guy and reading his Wikipedia page
           | will give me nightmares for the years to come.
        
         | Joel_Mckay wrote:
         | Regulatory capture is a common strategy for synthetic
         | monopolistic competitive firms, and suckers high on their own
         | ego.
         | 
         | Deepseek already proved regulation will not be effective at
         | maintaining a market lead. =3
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | Why won't it?
           | 
           | If you get fined millions of dollars (for copyright, of
           | course) if you're found to have anything resembling DeepSeek
           | on your machine - no company in the US is going to run it.
           | 
           | The personal market is going to be much smaller than the
           | enterprise market.
        
             | Joel_Mckay wrote:
             | The artificial token commodity can now be functionally
             | replicated on a per location basis on $40k in hardware (far
             | lower cost than nvidia hardware.)
             | 
             | Copyright licensing is just a detail corporations are well
             | experienced dealing with in a commercial setting, and note
             | some gov organizations are already exempt from copyright
             | laws. However, people likely just won't host in countries
             | with silly policies.
             | 
             | Best regards =3
        
               | bigbuppo wrote:
               | So you're saying I should avoid REITs focusing on US-
               | based hyperscale datacenters for AI workloads?
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | Salt was used to pay salaries at one time too, and
               | ML/"AI" business models projecting information asymmetry
               | are now paradoxical as a business goal.
               | 
               | Note: Data centers often naturally colocate with cold-
               | climates, low-cost energy generation facilities, and
               | fiber optic distance to major backbones/hubs.
               | 
               | At a certain scale, Energy cost is more important than
               | location and hardware. The US just broke its own horses
               | leg with tariffs before the race. Not bullish on the US
               | domestic tech firms these days, and sympathize with the
               | good folks at AMCHAM that will ultimately be left to
               | clean up the mess eventually.
               | 
               | If businesses have opportunity to cut their operational
               | variable costs >25%, than one can be fairly certain these
               | facilities won't be located on US soil.
               | 
               | Have a great day =3
        
               | Ray20 wrote:
               | >If businesses have opportunity to cut their operational
               | variable costs >25%, than one can be fairly certain these
               | facilities won't be located on US soil.
               | 
               | Is there opportunity? Lower risks and energy prices may
               | well outweigh the cost of tariffs. It is not like any
               | other horse in the race has perfectly healthy legs.
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | >Is there opportunity?
               | 
               | Depends on the posture, as higher profit businesses may
               | invest more into maintaining market dominance. However,
               | the assumption technology is a zero-sum economic game was
               | dangerously foolish, and attempting to cheat the global
               | free market is ultimately futile.
               | 
               | Have a wonderful day, =3
        
             | doctorwho42 wrote:
             | Great another market force to widdle away the US' economic
             | power, so obviously trump/musk will pass this immediately
        
             | Aerroon wrote:
             | > _if you 're found to have anything resembling DeepSeek on
             | your machine - no company in the US is going to run it._
             | 
             | That would be as successful as fighting internet piracy.
             | 
             | Not to mention that you could outsource the AI stuff to
             | servers sitting in Mexico or something.
        
             | csomar wrote:
             | That would give an advantage to foreign companies. The EU
             | tried that and while that doesn't destroy your tech
             | dominance overnight, it gradually chips from it.
        
         | HillRat wrote:
         | As it is, this is a bullshit document, which I'm sure their
         | lobbyists know; OSTP is authorized to "serve as a source of
         | scientific and technological analysis and judgment for the
         | President with respect to major policies, plans, and programs
         | of the Federal Government," and has no statutory authority to
         | regulate _anything_ , let alone preempt state law. In the
         | absence of any explicit Congressional legislation to serve to
         | federally preempt state regulation of AI, there's nothing the
         | White House can do. (In fact, other than export controls and a
         | couple of Defense Production Act wishlist items, everything in
         | their "proposal" is out of the Executive's hands and the ambit
         | of Congress.)
        
           | throwway120385 wrote:
           | You mean there's nothing the White House can do under the
           | rule of law. There's plenty the White House can do under the
           | color of law.
        
             | genewitch wrote:
             | I heard something today and I wonder if someone can nitpick
             | it.
             | 
             | If what the admin is doing is illegal, then a court stops
             | it, and they appeal and win, then it wasn't illegal. If
             | they appeal all the way up and lose, then they can't do it.
             | 
             | So what exactly is the problem?
             | 
             | Mind you, I am asking for nits, this isn't my idea. I don't
             | think "the administration will ignore the supreme court" is
             | a good nit.
        
         | fsndz wrote:
         | DeepSeek really shook them to their core. Now they go for
         | regulatory capture. Such a huge disappointment. Open source AI
         | will win: https://medium.com/thoughts-on-machine-learning/the-
         | laymans-...
        
           | noosphr wrote:
           | It's not just them. Everyone is scrambling.
           | 
           | US tech, and western tech in general, is very culturally -
           | and by this I mean in the type of coding people have done -
           | homogeneous.
           | 
           | The deep seek papers published over the last two weeks are
           | the biggest thing to happen in IA since GPT3 came out. But
           | unless you understand distributed file systems, networking,
           | low level linear algebra, and half a dozen other fields at
           | least tangentially then you'd have not realized they are
           | anything important at all.
           | 
           | Meanwhile I'm going through the interview process for a tier
           | 1 US AI lab and I'm having to take a test about circles and
           | squares, then write a compsci 101 red/black tree search
           | algorithm while talking to an AI, being told not to use AI at
           | the same time. This is with an internal reference being keen
           | for me to be on board. At this point I'm honestly wondering
           | if they aren't just using the interview process to generate
           | high quality validation data for free.
           | 
           | Xing Yun De Shi ,Tong Guo Zhuan Huan Qi Mo Xing ,Dang Wo Men
           | Guang Rong De Ling Dao Ren Xi Jin Ping Cong Zi Ben Zhu Yi Zou
           | Gou Shou Zhong Jie Fang Wo Men Shi ,Wo Bu Xu Yao Xue Xi Zhong
           | Wen .
        
             | mattgreenrocks wrote:
             | 100%. Western tech needs the competition. They are very
             | prone to navel-gazing simply because SV ended up being the
             | location for tech once.
             | 
             | Funny how they like to crow about free markets, while also
             | running to daddy government when their position is
             | threatened.
        
               | noosphr wrote:
               | Competition can only work when there is variation between
               | the entities competing.
               | 
               | In the US right now you can have a death match between
               | every AI lab, then give all the resources to the one
               | which wins and you'd still have largely the same results
               | as if you didn't.
               | 
               | The reason why Deepseek - it started life as a HFT firm -
               | hit as hard as it did is because it was a cross
               | disciplinary team that had very non-standard skill sets.
               | 
               | I've had to try and head hunt network and FPGA engineers
               | away from HFT firms and it was basically impossible. They
               | already make big tech (or higher) salaries without the
               | big tech bullshit - which none of them would ever pass.
        
               | cbzbc wrote:
               | > I've had to try and head hunt network and FPGA
               | engineers away from HFT firms and it was basically
               | impossible. They already make big tech (or higher)
               | salaries without the big tech bullshit - which none of
               | them would ever pass.
               | 
               | Can confirm. There are downsides, and it can get
               | incredibly stressed at times, but there are all sorts of
               | big tech imposed hoops you don't have to jump through.
        
               | fsndz wrote:
               | which hoops ?
        
               | swores wrote:
               | > _all sorts of big tech imposed hoops you don 't have to
               | jump through_
               | 
               | Could you kindly share some examples for those of us
               | without big tech experience? I assume you're talking
               | about working practises more than just annoying hiring
               | practises like leetcode?
        
               | greatpostman wrote:
               | Engineers at ai labs just come from prestigious schools
               | and don't have technical depth. They are smart, but they
               | simply aren't qualified to do deep technical innovation
        
               | blackguardx wrote:
               | What are you doing with FPGAs? I'm an FPGA engineer and
               | don't work at an HFT firm. Those types of jobs seem to be
               | in the minority compared to all the aerospace/defense
               | jobs and other sectors.
        
             | jgord wrote:
             | have you considered starting / joining a startup instead ?
        
             | chithanh wrote:
             | > At this point I'm honestly wondering if they aren't just
             | using the interview process to generate high quality
             | validation data for free.
             | 
             | Not sure if that is accurate, but one of the reasons why
             | DeepSeek R1 performs so well in certain areas is thought to
             | be access to China's Gaokao (university entrance exam)
             | data.
        
               | karn97 wrote:
               | Thats stupid. same as indias IIT advanced for ex. You
               | learn all that stuff in year 1 physics and math in uni.
        
               | chithanh wrote:
               | Yes, however you also want to distinguish correct from
               | incorrect answers. You get that from the exams, not from
               | year 1 textbooks.
        
           | spaceguillotine wrote:
           | Bottom is about to drop out thats why, ethics are out the
           | window already and its gonna be worse as they claw to stay
           | relevant.
           | 
           | Its a niche product that tried to go mainstream and the
           | general public doesn't want it, just look at iPhone 16 sales
           | and Windows 11, everyone is happier with the last version
           | without AI.
        
           | qoez wrote:
           | They were always going for regulatory capture. I think
           | deepseek shook them but I don't think we should rewrite the
           | history as them being virtuous only until 2024.
        
         | comboy wrote:
         | Has OpenAI hired McKinsey yet?
        
           | sidewndr46 wrote:
           | I'm unsure if you can layoff AI
        
             | fuzztester wrote:
             | ai can.
        
           | fuzztester wrote:
           | unnecessary. mckinsey uses ai from openai.
           | 
           | embrace. extend. extinguish.
           | 
           | infiltrate. assimilate.
           | 
           | done, tovarisch ...
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tovarishch
        
         | eleveriven wrote:
         | Wouldn't be shocking if that were the case. Big companies often
         | play both sides
        
           | nonethewiser wrote:
           | >In a 15-page set of policy suggestions released on Thursday,
           | the ChatGPT maker argued that the hundreds of AI-related
           | bills currently pending across the US risk undercutting
           | America's technological progress at a time when it faces
           | renewed competition from China. OpenAI said the
           | administration should consider providing some relief for AI
           | companies big and small from state rules - if and when
           | enacted - in exchange for voluntary access to models.
           | 
           | The article seems to indicate they want all AI companies to
           | get relief from these laws though.
        
       | 6stringmerc wrote:
       | Tell you what, set up a Federal level disclosure process online
       | of all the copyright protected works used in training OpenAI for
       | the creators / rights holders to get equity (out of the pockets
       | of the C-Suite and Board) via claiming their due, and we'll take
       | you seriously.
       | 
       | All the profit and none of the liability is Coward Capitalism.
        
         | _bin_ wrote:
         | this is a misread. it's still unclear whether use of
         | copyrighted works to train LLMs falls under fair use but, with
         | current laws, the answer is probably yes. you may not like that
         | but, even if it changes, existing models were trained under
         | existing law.
         | 
         | also what liability do you expect them to assume? they want to
         | offer models while saying "to use these, you must agree we
         | don't have liability for their outputs." if companies want to
         | use these models but don't want to deal with liability
         | themselves, so they demand the government shift the liability
         | to the model vendor (despite the conditions the vendor
         | applied), that sounds like coward capitalism to me. don't like
         | it? don't use their models.
        
           | Xelynega wrote:
           | > with current laws, the answer is probably yes
           | 
           | Citation needed, or at least some reasoning. The answer to
           | "is this fair use" can't be "it's fair use because it's fair
           | use"
           | 
           | > also what liability do you expect them to assume
           | 
           | The same liability anybody does for distributing copyright
           | works without a license? Why are they not liable if it turns
           | out the stuff they've been distributing and making people pay
           | for was content they didn't own the license to distribute?
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | That's just feudalism with extra steps
        
         | bilbo0s wrote:
         | _All the profit and none of the liability is Coward Capitalism_
         | 
         | While I agree with you in principle, there's little that can be
         | done because the current crop of crony capitalists will likely
         | support the idea of no liability for tech companies. Especially
         | when it comes to ripping off copyrighted material. Everything
         | from blog posts, to videos, to music, to any source code you
         | post on the internet will be used to train models to be better
         | writers, artists, musicians, and programmers.
         | 
         | I feel like the only option left is to find some way to make
         | money on the output of the models. Because the politicians are
         | definitely going to allow the models to make money based on
         | your output.
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | appeasement?
        
         | reverendsteveii wrote:
         | There's an extra word in your last sentence. Privatizing profit
         | and socializing risk and loss is maximizing profit for the
         | individual, and profit maximizing behavior is the only
         | fundamental underpinning of capitalism.
        
       | Jcampuzano2 wrote:
       | I know a lot of people will hate on things like this, but the
       | reality is they are right that guardrails only serve to hurt us
       | in the long run, at least at this pivotal point in time. I don't
       | like Trump personally as a caveat.
       | 
       | Yes it is a fact they did build themselves up on top of mountains
       | of copyrighted material, and that AI has a lot of potential to do
       | harm, but if they are forced to stop or slow down foreign actors
       | will just push forward and innovate without guardrails and we
       | will just fall behind as the rest of the world pushes forward.
       | 
       | Its easy to see how foreign tech is quickly gaining ground. If
       | they truly cared about still propping America up, they should
       | allow some guardrails to be pushed past.
        
         | notavalleyman wrote:
         | > guardrails only serve to hurt us in the long run, at least at
         | this pivotal point in time.
         | 
         | What evidence led you to that conclusion?
        
           | int_19h wrote:
           | Look up "alignment tax".
        
         | tasty_freeze wrote:
         | The law which prevented US corporations from using bribery to
         | win business in other nations was recently rescinded on exactly
         | this basis: US corporations are hamstrung unless they can buy
         | their wins. Superficially, this makes sense, and that was all
         | that was offered to justify the change. That guardrail was
         | dumb! But like most things, there are reasons to not do this
         | which were completely ignored.
         | 
         | For instance, a company may not desire to hand out cash to win
         | business; previously, when solicited they could say, "Sorry, it
         | is illegal for me to do so." Now there is no such shield.
         | 
         | Second, in many cases it will be two or more US businesses
         | trying to win business in some other country, and the change of
         | the law only makes it more expensive for those two companies,
         | as they now must play a game of bribery chicken to win the
         | business.
         | 
         | Third, the US loves to claim it is is a democracy and is
         | working to spread democracy. By legitimizing bribes paid to
         | foreign officials over the interests of their voting populace,
         | we are undermining democracy in those countries (not that
         | anyone who pays attention believes that the US's foreign policy
         | is anything but self interested and divorced from spreading
         | democratic ideals).
        
         | 1shooner wrote:
         | Underlying this perspective is the assumption that this is a
         | uni-lineal race, and the end of that race must be arrived at
         | first, and what lies at the end of that race is in the common
         | good. There is no evidence for any of this.
        
         | Xelynega wrote:
         | Can the same argument not be made for forced labour?
         | 
         | Is the US not lowering it's capacity to innovate and grow it's
         | economy by preventing the use of forced labour(even in other
         | countries)? Why should these "guardrails" stay in place if the
         | argument is "the reality is they are right that guardrails only
         | serve to hurt us in the long run, at least at this pivotal
         | point in time"?
        
       | reverendsteveii wrote:
       | Is it me or does it feel like most of what the federal government
       | does nowadays is make it illegal for government to make things
       | illegal?
        
       | ApolloFortyNine wrote:
       | It probably needs to be a law not an executive order but I don't
       | hate the idea.
       | 
       | States have the power to make it prohibitively expensive to
       | operate in those states, leaving people to either go to VPNs or
       | use AI's hosted in other countries where they don't care if
       | they're not following whatever new AI law California decides to
       | pass. And companies would choose just to use datacenters not in
       | the prohibitive states and ban ips from those states.
       | 
       | Course if a company hosts in us-east-1, and allows access from
       | California, would the inter state commerce clause not take effect
       | and California would have no power anyways?
        
         | arrosenberg wrote:
         | > Course if a company hosts in us-east-1, and allows access
         | from California, would the inter state commerce clause not take
         | effect and California would have no power anyways?
         | 
         | California can't legislate how they serve a customer in a
         | different state. They would have to comply when serving
         | California customers within the state of California, regardless
         | of where the dc is located. I.E. Under the CCPA it doesn't
         | matter where my data is stored, they still have to delete it
         | upon my request.
        
           | ApolloFortyNine wrote:
           | >California can't legislate how they serve a customer in a
           | different state. They would have to comply when serving
           | California customers within the state of California,
           | regardless of where the dc is located. I.E. Under the CCPA it
           | doesn't matter where my data is stored, they still have to
           | delete it upon my request.
           | 
           | I know this is what California thinks, I just personally
           | don't see how this isn't inter state commerce.
        
             | TheCoelacanth wrote:
             | It is, of course, but that doesn't mean California can't
             | regulate it; simply that federal laws take precedence.
             | 
             | If states couldn't regulate interstate commerce taking
             | place in their own states, they effectively couldn't
             | regulate any commerce because court decisions have found
             | that essentially all economic activity, even growing food
             | for your own consumption, falls under the banner of
             | interstate commerce.
        
               | dynm wrote:
               | > even growing food for your own consumption
               | 
               | Hey I know this one! In case anyone is interested, here's
               | the case:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wickard_v._Filburn
        
             | arrosenberg wrote:
             | Unless their a superseding federal law, yeah, California
             | can successfully prosecute businesses for breaking the laws
             | within its' jurisdiction.
        
         | tmpz22 wrote:
         | Are you advocating to take the power relegated to the states
         | away from the states and give it to the federal government in
         | direct violation of the Constitution of the United States?
        
           | hiatus wrote:
           | How is this not directly tied to interstate commerce (and
           | copyright law) and thus under Congress' enumerated powers?
        
           | ApolloFortyNine wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce_Clause
        
         | int_19h wrote:
         | Interstate commerce clause by itself doesn't prevent it; it
         | merely gives Congress the _ability_ to override the state laws
         | if Congress deems it necessary.
        
         | armchairhacker wrote:
         | Your argument for regulation is...reasons why it works out
         | without regulation, and is already covered by existing
         | regulations?
         | 
         | Granted the "regulation" I'm referring to above is a law or EO
         | to block California's regulation, and I don't support
         | California's regulation either. But I believe regulations
         | should only exist when there's no better alternative, because
         | they usually have unintended consequences. If it's true that
         | OpenAI can basically just leave California, the better
         | alternative for the government may be doing nothing.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | > leaving people to either go to VPNs
         | 
         | .. which is the prevailing situation for people dealing with
         | state-by-state age verification at the moment.
        
       | qoez wrote:
       | JD vance seems to be quite aware of OpenAIs meta strategy so I
       | wouldn't be surprised if this is declined (ie semi specifically
       | aimed at something they want to force them to comply with).
        
         | balls187 wrote:
         | This administration has shown that if you grease the skids well
         | enough, you can get things your way.
        
       | msp26 wrote:
       | Relevant (I don't know why the article doesn't link to them
       | directly): https://openai.com/global-affairs/openai-proposals-
       | for-the-u... https://cdn.openai.com/global-affairs/ostp-
       | rfi/ec680b75-d539...
        
         | yonran wrote:
         | Thank you. I am disappointed that almost none of the comments
         | here discuss the OpenAI proposals on the merits. I do hope that
         | the federal government heeds most of these ideas, particularly
         | recognizing that training a model should be fair use.
        
           | nonethewiser wrote:
           | The narrative of "regulatory capture" breaks down pretty fast
           | when you see they are arguing all AI companies should be get
           | relief from these laws.
           | 
           | In fact most of the proposal sounds like it could have been
           | written by the US government. Exporting democratic AI,
           | neutralize PRC benefit of American AI, etc.
        
       | zombiwoof wrote:
       | "Freedom to make money"
        
       | crorella wrote:
       | If they want to avoid paying for the creative effort of authors
       | and other artists then they should also not charge for the use of
       | their models.
        
         | reilly3000 wrote:
         | They should train a model on a clean dataset and copyright
         | dataset, charge extra on the copyright model, and pay a royalty
         | to copyright owners when their works are cited in a response.
        
           | wholinator2 wrote:
           | The problem there is how are we defining "works are cited"?
           | Also couldn't you just do the same thing done to spotify and
           | make bot farms to generate millions of citations?
        
             | codedokode wrote:
             | You can simply pay to everyone whose works you have used
             | for training, every time a model processes a request.
        
           | ideashower wrote:
           | I like this and agree. It should be opt-in. I almost feel as
           | if it should be something exciting and rewarding.
        
         | visarga wrote:
         | But who should pay? The model developers? Training models is a
         | cost center. And what about open source AI, should we legislate
         | it out of existence?
         | 
         | How about the AI providers? they operate on thin margins, and
         | make just cents a million tokens. If one provider is too
         | expensive, users quickly switch.
         | 
         | Maybe the users? Users derive the lion share of benefits from
         | AI. But those benefits are hard to quantize.
         | 
         | Maybe a blanket tax? That would simplify things, but would put
         | all creatives on a quantitative rather than qualitative
         | criteria.
         | 
         | I think generative AI is the worst copyright infringement tool
         | ever devised. It's slow, expensive and imprecise. On the other
         | hand copying is fast, free and perfect. I think nobody can, for
         | science, regurgitate a full book with AI, it won't have
         | fidelity to the original.
         | 
         | The real enemy of any artist is the long tail of works,
         | sometimes spanning decades, that they have to compete against.
         | So it's other authors. That is why we are in an attention
         | economy, and have seen the internet enshittified.
         | 
         | The most creative part of internet ignores copyright royalties.
         | From open source, to wikipedia, open scientific publication and
         | even social networks, if everyone demanded royalties none of
         | them would be possible.
        
           | kweingar wrote:
           | > The most creative part of internet ignores copyright
           | royalties. From open source, to wikipedia, open scientific
           | publication and even social networks, if everyone demanded
           | royalties none of them would be possible.
           | 
           | Notably, in all of these cases the people involved consent to
           | participating.
        
           | basisword wrote:
           | >> The real enemy of any artist is the long tail of works,
           | sometimes spanning decades, that they have to compete
           | against.
           | 
           | Had to check this wasn't sama.
           | 
           | You seriously believe the real enemy of artists is other
           | artists? Not the guys making billions and trying to convince
           | us "the computers are just reading it like a human"?
        
             | visarga wrote:
             | Are you implying AI is causing more competition than other
             | creatives, and the billion choices the public has?
        
           | Palmik wrote:
           | Funnily, OpenAI also calls for the ban of their free and
           | open-weight Chinese competitors DeepSeek and Qwen.
        
         | stainablesteel wrote:
         | there are some free models out there from both chat companies
         | and open source
        
         | 93po wrote:
         | i really don't understand this argument. at which point is it
         | violating copyright versus an intelligence learning and making
         | content the same way as humans?
         | 
         | it was living cells, but they worked as transistors, would it
         | be ok?
         | 
         | it was whole-brain emulation on silicon transistors, would it
         | be ok?
         | 
         | it was a generative AI similar to what we have today, but 100x
         | more sentient and self aware, is that ok?
         | 
         | if you locked a human in a room with nothing but tolkien books
         | for 20 years, then asked them to write a fantasy novel, is that
         | ok?
         | 
         | All art is built on learning from previous art. I don't
         | understand the logic of it being a computer so suddenly now
         | it's wrong and bad. I also don't understand general support of
         | intellectual property when it overwhelmingly benefits the mega
         | wealthy and stifles creative endeavors like nothing else. You
         | art isn't less valuable just because a computer makes something
         | similar, in the same way it's not less valuable if another
         | human copies your style and makes new art in your style.
        
           | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
           | > I don't understand the logic of it being a computer so
           | suddenly now it's wrong and bad
           | 
           | My answer to this is one I've written already before:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42720749
        
           | TaupeRanger wrote:
           | You "really don't understand" the difference? Do we need to
           | spell out that these systems aren't human artists simply
           | looking at paintings and admiring features about them? They
           | are Python programs running linear algebra libraries, sucking
           | in pixels from anywhere they can find them, and then being
           | used by corporations with billion dollar valuations to
           | increase investor/shareholder value at the expense of the
           | people who provided the artwork to train the systems - people
           | who, as you already know, are NOT paid for providing their
           | work, and who never CONSENTED to having their work used for
           | such a purpose. Now do you "understand the difference"?
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | AI is a new thing. It's OK to say you don't want it, that
             | it's a threat to livelihoods. But it's a mistake to use
             | these kinds of arguments, that are predicated on such
             | narrow points that overlap so much with human brains.
             | 
             | It's going to be a threat to my career, soon enough -- but
             | the threat it poses to me exists even if it never read any
             | of my blog posts or my github repos. Even if it had never
             | read a single line of ObjC or Swift.
             | 
             | > Do we need to spell out that these systems aren't human
             | artists simply looking at paintings and admiring features
             | about them?
             | 
             | In a word, yes.
             | 
             | In more words: explain what it would take for an AI to
             | count as a person -- none of what you wrote connects with
             | what was in the comment you replied to.
             | 
             | You dismiss AI as "python": would it help if the maths was
             | done as the pure linear amplification range of the quantum
             | effects in transistors?; you dismiss them as "sucking in
             | pixels from anywhere they can find them" like humans don't
             | spend all day with their eyes open; you complain
             | "corporations with billion dollar valuations to increase
             | investor/shareholder value at the expense of the people who
             | provided the artwork to train the systems" like this isn't
             | exactly what happens with government funded education of
             | humans.
             | 
             | I anticipate that within my lifetime it will be possible
             | for a human brain to be preserved on death, scanned, and
             | the result used as a full brain sim that remembers what the
             | human remembered at the the time of death. Would it matter
             | if the original human had memorised Harry Potter end-to-end
             | and the upload could quote it all perfectly? Would Rowling
             | get the right to delete that brain upload?
             | 
             | I'm following a YouTube channel where they're growing mouse
             | neurons on electrode grids to train them to play video
             | games. It's entirely plausible, given the current rate of
             | progress, that 15 years from now, GPT-4 could be encoded
             | onto a brain organoid the size of a living mouse's brain --
             | does it magically become OK then? And in 30 years, that
             | same thing as an implant into a human?
             | 
             | The threat to my economic prospects is already present in
             | completely free models whose weights are given away and
             | cannot avail the billion-dollar corporations who made them.
             | I can download free models and run them on my laptop,
             | outputting tokens faster than I can read them for an energy
             | budget lower than my own brain, corporations who made those
             | models don't profit directly by me doing this, and if those
             | corporations go bankrupt I can still run those models.
             | 
             | The risk to my economic value is _not_ because any of these
             | "stole" anything, but because the models are _useful and
             | cheap_.
             | 
             | GenAI art (and voice) is... well, despite the fact I will
             | admit to enjoying it privately/on free content, whenever I
             | see it on products or blog posts, or when I hear it in the
             | voices on YouTube videos, it's a sign the human behind it
             | has zero budget and therefore whatever it is I don't want
             | to buy it. People already use it because it's cheap, it's a
             | sign of being cheap, signs of cheap are a proxy of
             | generally poor quality.
             | 
             | But that's not going to save my career, nobody's going to
             | decide to boycott all iPhone apps that aren't certified
             | "made by 100% organic grass-fed natural humans with no AI
             | assistance".
             | 
             | So believe me, I get that it's scary. But the arguments
             | you're using aren't good ones.
        
               | TaupeRanger wrote:
               | No one said they "don't want it".
               | 
               | No one said "it's scary".
               | 
               | No one is "dismissing them".
               | 
               | It seems like you're arguing against some other person
               | you've made up in your mind. I use these systems every
               | single day, but if you don't understand the argument
               | about consent and the extremely obvious difference
               | between Python programs and humans that I already pointed
               | out, then no one can help you. I'll keep making these
               | arguments, because they _are_ good ones, and they are
               | obvious to any human being who isn 't stuck in tech-bro
               | fairy land blabbering about how human consciousness is
               | completely identical to Python linear algebra libraries
               | when any 6 year old child knows with certainty they are
               | not.
               | 
               | > In a word, yes.
               | 
               | This is, frankly, embarrassing.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > No one said they "don't want it".
               | 
               | Your own words suggest this. Many others are more
               | explicit. There are calls for models to be forcibly
               | deleted. Your own statements here about lack of consent
               | are still in this vein.
               | 
               | > No one said "it's scary".
               | 
               | Many, including me, find it so.
               | 
               | > No one is "dismissing them".
               | 
               | You, specifically you, are -- "feeling or showing that
               | something is unworthy of consideration".
               | 
               | > if you don't understand the argument about consent and
               | the extremely obvious difference between Python programs
               | and humans that I already pointed out, then no one can
               | help you.
               | 
               | Consent is absolutely an argument I get. It's
               | specifically where I'm agreeing with you.
               | 
               | The other half of that...
               | 
               | Python, like all programming languages, is universal.
               | Python programs can implement physics, so trying to use
               | the argument " _because_ it 's implemented on silicon
               | rather than chemistry" is a distinction without a
               | difference.
               | 
               | Quantum mechanics is linear algebra.
               | 
               | > I'll keep making these arguments, because they are good
               | ones, and they are obvious to any human being who isn't
               | stuck in tech-bro fairy land blabbering about how human
               | consciousness is completely identical to Python linear
               | algebra libraries when any 6 year old child knows with
               | certainty they are not.
               | 
               | (An example of you "dismissing" AI).
               | 
               | Then you'll keep being confused and enraged about why
               | people disagree with you.
               | 
               | And not just because you have a wildly wrong
               | understanding of what 6 year olds think about. I remember
               | being 6, all the silly things I believed back then. What
               | my classmates believed falsely. How far most of us were
               | from understanding what algebra was, let alone
               | distinguishing linear algebra from other kinds.
               | 
               | I've got a philosophy A-level, which is enough to know
               | that "consciousness" is a completely unsolved question
               | and absolutely nobody agrees what the minimum
               | requirements are for it. 40 different definitions, we
               | don't even all agree what the _question_ is yet, much
               | less then answer.
               | 
               | But I infer from you bring it up, that you think
               | "consciousness" is an important thing that AI is missing?
               | 
               | Well perhaps it is something current AI miss, something
               | their architecture hasn't got -- when we can't agree what
               | the question is, any answer is possible. We evolved it,
               | but just because it can pop up for no good reason doesn't
               | mean it must be present everywhere. (I say much the same
               | to people who are convinced AI must have it: we don't
               | know). So, what if machines are not conscious? Why does
               | that matter?
               | 
               | And you've not answered one of my examples. To repeat:
               | 
               | I'm following a YouTube channel where they're growing
               | mouse neurons on electrode grids to train them to play
               | video games. It's entirely plausible, given the current
               | rate of progress, that 15 years from now, GPT-4 could be
               | encoded onto a brain organoid the size of a living
               | mouse's brain -- does it magically become OK then? And in
               | 30 years, that same thing as an implant into a human?
               | 
               | I don't think that is meaningfully distinct, morally
               | speaking, from doing this in silicon. Making the
               | information alive and in my own brain makes it _not_
               | python, but all the consent issues remain.
        
         | esafak wrote:
         | No, they _should_ pay. The solution is not to make everything
         | free, but cost the market rate. Somebody made these things; pay
         | them.
        
           | silverliver wrote:
           | ... without restricting other people.
           | 
           | This whole mess is because society decided that restricting
           | everyone's rights to share and access information was a sane
           | tradeoff to make for making sure people got paid. No it is
           | not and, so long as humans are physical, it will never be. It
           | appears that humanity will have to get this simple fact
           | hammered into them with every new leap in technology.
           | 
           | Find another work-rewarding scheme. Ensure you get paid
           | before you release information (e.g. crowd funding or
           | contracts with escrows). Forget about nonsensical concepts
           | relating to "intellectual" property (information is not
           | property). Forget recurring revenue from licensing
           | information. You only get paid once when you do work. You are
           | not entitled to anything more. If reality makes living off
           | your work unworkable, do something else.
           | 
           | I'm glad other countries are starting to wake up and ignore
           | this nonsense. Stop trying make something as unnatural and
           | immoral as this work.
        
       | iamleppert wrote:
       | He should have offered for every purchase of OpenAI services, a
       | portion would be used to purchase TrumpCoin. That would have been
       | a more effective bribe.
        
         | crorella wrote:
         | or teslers!
        
       | croes wrote:
       | > OpenAI has asked the Trump administration to help shield
       | artificial intelligence companies from a growing number of
       | proposed state regulations if they voluntarily share their models
       | with the federal government.
       | 
       | That sounds like corruption
        
         | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
         | I'm shocked
        
       | dtquad wrote:
       | It is interesting that it is not the
       | Hollywood/Music/Entertainment copyright lobby (RIAA, MPAA etc.)
       | that is lobbying US states to go after OpenAI and other American
       | AI companies.
       | 
       | It's the New York Times and various journalist and writers'
       | unions that are leading the charge against American AI.
       | 
       | American journalists and opinion piece writers want to kill
       | American AI and let China and Russia have the global lead. Why?
       | Have they taught about the long consequences of what they are
       | doing?
        
         | btreecat wrote:
         | I think content creators want to be compensated for their work
         | that's being used for commercial purposes.
         | 
         | I think you're framing it in a way that makes it seem like they
         | don't want to be compensated for working, they just want to
         | stop other people from starting a new industry, which doesn't
         | seem like a good faith understanding of the situation.
        
           | ivanmontillam wrote:
           | Business and tech idea: make it so that it's like Spotify for
           | AI.
           | 
           | Everytime an answer is drawn from "certain learned weights,"
           | make it so that the source of that knowledge is paid cents
           | per volume.
        
             | affinepplan wrote:
             | yeah this sounds like it'll be reliably enforced for sure
        
             | InvidFlower wrote:
             | While that is cool in principal, I'm not sure how well it'd
             | actually work in reality. First, there is the technical
             | challenge. My understanding is the weights can have a lot
             | of fluctuation, especially early on. How do we actually
             | determine how much influence a given piece of content has
             | on the final weights?
             | 
             | Then if we get past that, my suspicion is that you could
             | game the training. Like have as much of the process happen
             | via public domain sources or pay-once licenses. That would
             | cover a lot of the fundamental knowledge and processes.
             | Then you could fine-tune on copyrighted data. That might
             | actually make it easier to see how much influence on the
             | final weights that content has, but is also would probably
             | be a lot less influence. There's a big difference between a
             | painting of an apple being the main contribution to the
             | concept of "apple" in an image model, vs mention of that
             | painting corresponding to a few weights that just reference
             | a bunch of other concepts that were learned via open data.
        
               | ivanmontillam wrote:
               | > _First, there is the technical challenge. My
               | understanding is the weights can have a lot of
               | fluctuation, especially early on. How do we actually
               | determine how much influence a given piece of content has
               | on the final weights?_
               | 
               | Well, Bing AI already knows where it drew the information
               | from and cites sources; so it would be a matter of making
               | the deal.
               | 
               | How to enforce it? that's the main question I reckon.
               | 
               | > _Then if we get past that, my suspicion is that you
               | could game the training. Like have as much of the process
               | happen via public domain sources or pay-once licenses._
               | 
               | I agree.
        
             | esafak wrote:
             | Running it is probably costly, but there are papers on
             | "influence analysis": _Training data influence analysis and
             | estimation: a survey_ (https://link.springer.com/content/pd
             | f/10.1007/s10994-023-064...)
             | 
             | It would be easier to negotiate a fixed cost on using a
             | particular datum per training of a model.
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | The market for creative works breaks down as follows. You have
         | pay-in-advance arrangements such as patronage, commissioning,
         | and so on. Those have been around forever. And then you have
         | pay-if-you-want-it arrangements which only make economic sense
         | because we have laws that grant monopolies to the creators of
         | the work over the market for copies of that work.
         | 
         | The first arrangement is very clearly a labor arrangement; but
         | the second one is a deliberate attempt to force artists to act
         | like capitalists. More importantly, because art is now acting
         | like capital, it provides an obvious economic instinct to
         | centralize[0]. So you get industrialized artistic production
         | under the banner of publishing companies, whose business model
         | is to buy out the copyright to new creative works and then
         | exploit them.
         | 
         | What AI art does is transfer money from the labor side of art
         | to the capital side of art. The MAFIAA[1] wants AI art to exist
         | because it means they can stop paying artists but still make
         | royalties off selling licenses to the AI companies. This
         | increases their profit margins. Meanwhile, the journalists
         | can't sell you old news; they need to spend lots of time and
         | money gathering it every day. That business model only works in
         | a world where _writers_ are scarce, not just the writing itself
         | being artificially scarce.
         | 
         | [0] We can see this with cryptocurrency, which is laughably
         | centralized despite being a deliberate attempt to decentralize
         | money.
         | 
         | [1] Music and Film Industry Association of America, a
         | hypothetical merger of the RIAA and MPAA from a satirical news
         | article
        
         | NoOn3 wrote:
         | With these proposed rules, American AI may be able to surpass
         | the AI of China and Russia, but will American creators and
         | ordinary people be happy with this, because all the money will
         | end up in the pockets of Sam Altman and other billionaires, and
         | ordinary creators will be left with nothing?
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | > It is interesting that it is not the
         | Hollywood/Music/Entertainment copyright lobby (RIAA, MPAA etc.)
         | 
         | Is it interesting? They hate the people who produce their
         | product and are desperate to replace them with machines. Note
         | that their unions also hate AI, and it was a central reason for
         | for the Writer's Guild SAG-AFTRA strike, since you're bringing
         | up the NYT unions.
         | 
         | The NYT also stands to benefit not an iota from AI. It probably
         | causes a burden because they have to make sure that their awful
         | long-in-the-tooth editorial columnists aren't turning in LLM
         | slop. It is entirely a negative for people who generate high
         | quality content the hard way.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | Maybe this data constraint from data vs GPU constraint for China
       | will force America to innovate. Maybe innovate in data generation
        
       | tehjoker wrote:
       | private property is sacrosanct except when an exception that only
       | applies to them it would make a billionaire richer
        
       | tasuki wrote:
       | I heard the theory that Elon Musk has a significant control over
       | the current US government. They're not best pals with Sam Altman.
       | This seems like it might be a good way to see how much power Elon
       | actually has over the government?
        
         | napsterbr wrote:
         | I think we are beyond the "theory" phase by now. Just yesterday
         | I saw the president of a country advertising the products of a
         | private company (Trump making an obvious marketing ploy for
         | Tesla).
         | 
         | How can this ever be acceptable?
        
           | dcchambers wrote:
           | > How can this ever be acceptable?
           | 
           | Because the only people capable of holding him accountable
           | won't do it.
           | 
           | The system is broken. The US Government/Constitution depends
           | too much on the assumption that people will do the right
           | thing.
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | The failure relative to the original expectations seems to
             | be that the other branches of government aren't fighting to
             | retain their authority because the things they're being
             | overridden to do align too well with what they would do
             | themselves.
        
           | slt2021 wrote:
           | I saw it even 4 years ago https://people.com/politics/joe-
           | biden-takes-hybrid-jeep-for-...
        
             | mattegan wrote:
             | > ...his speech, which was attended by the CEOs of dozens
             | of the world's largest automakers...
             | 
             | I don't recall Biden reading off a price sheet for a single
             | corporation. Seems a bit different than what happened
             | yesterday the White House.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | > the president of a country advertising the products of a
           | private company
           | 
           | I think you're inventing new norms. It has never been unusual
           | or interesting for the president of a country to do PR for
           | some company in their country that has hit a rough patch (as
           | long as this isn't a _legal_ rough patch.)
           | 
           | Most of what our diplomats do is sell US products to other
           | countries. They certainly have always played favorites.
           | 
           | > How can this ever be acceptable?
           | 
           | The horror. What if he says that he's going to Burger King?
        
           | FireBeyond wrote:
           | It's not even the first time he's done it. He even advertised
           | for Goya Beans from the Oval Office.
           | 
           | https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-
           | president-...
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | Trump has ultimate power in the administration. You are either
         | dumb or blind if you cannot see that Trump is running the
         | executive branch like a mob family. Kiss the leader, show him
         | respect, and he will do things for you. Betray him, ignore him,
         | or go behind his back and you will be squashed.
         | 
         | People might think this is a partisan statement, but it's not.
         | It's simply how he is operating. Want power? Want to get things
         | done? Kiss his feet. You saw all the tech boys line up at his
         | inauguration. You saw him tell Zelenskyy "Thank me". Elon might
         | have power, but he is also on a leash.
        
         | torginus wrote:
         | I have a working theory is that the current Trump government is
         | like 12 people, a quarter of which do not hold any official
         | position, and they decide everyting with absolutely no
         | oversight.
         | 
         | Trump did this during his previous term as well, with Ivanka
         | and Jared Kushner, but to a much less significant degree.
        
       | insane_dreamer wrote:
       | DeepSeek/whoever training on OpenAI outputs is ... bad.
       | 
       | OpenAI training on every content creator's outputs is ... good.
        
         | visarga wrote:
         | You say that, but the reality is that all open models rely
         | heavily on synthetic data generated with ChatGPT. They don't
         | like it, but it happens anyway. You can't really protect a
         | public model from having its outputs exfiltrated.
         | 
         | This started in 2023 when LLaMA 1 was released, and has been
         | going strong ever since. How strong? there are 330K datasets on
         | HuggingFace, many of them generated from OpenAI.
        
           | insane_dreamer wrote:
           | Did you miss the sarcasm?
        
           | Xelynega wrote:
           | And where did OpenAI get the data to generate those datasets?
        
       | bxguff wrote:
       | clear attempt circumnavigate the clear copyright violations of
       | the AI era and kick the can down the road.
        
       | pmxi wrote:
       | Here's a direct link to the article:
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-03-13/openai-as...
        
       | ch4s3 wrote:
       | I'm surprised to see only one comment here addressing the issue
       | of Chinese AI companies just flatly ignoring US copyright and IP
       | laws/norms. I wonder if there is a viable path where we can
       | facilitate some sort of economic remuneration for people who
       | write and create visual art while not giving up the game to
       | Chinese companies.
       | 
       | This seems to be a thorny dilemma.
        
         | phh wrote:
         | Have you got any substance to that? So far the only copyright
         | violation I've seen in the LLM world is Meta. (I'm not
         | pretending they are alone though, and yes I expect Chinese
         | companies to do that as well)
        
         | gjsman-1000 wrote:
         | Welcome to the internet; where the only way to prevent it
         | (considering 40% of internet traffic is automated) is to use
         | DRM, with accessibility tools provided by client-side AI; or to
         | create national internets with strong firewalls only allowing
         | access to countries we have treaties with. That's the future at
         | this rate, and it sucks. (The status quo also sucks.)
        
         | parliament32 wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure you can't, despite what IP holders would like
         | you to believe. Like the last 50 years of piracy have taught
         | us, it's effectively impossible (and probably immoral) to try
         | to charge for copying something that's "free" to copy.
         | 
         | It might make more sense to update copyright laws to match
         | reality. For a music artist, for example, pennies from Spotify
         | mean nothing -- the majority of their revenue comes from
         | concerts/events, merchandise, and commercial licensing of their
         | work.
        
         | borgdefenser wrote:
         | As a digital artist myself, it is quite simple. You have to
         | sell physical objects.
         | 
         | The art has to be printed out and that is the art. Anyone can
         | get an image of Salvator Mundi for free too. That is not the
         | art, that is an image. The art is the physical object that is
         | the painting Salvator Mundi.
         | 
         | It is no different than traditional art really, just at a
         | different scale. You can buy really nice Picasso knock offs on
         | ebay right now. Picasso himself could have made 10 copies of
         | the Weeping Woman to sell without that much effort either. The
         | "real" Weeping Woman is the physical painting that Picasso did
         | not make a copy of. The others are just knock off images.
         | 
         | But the main problem remains. Selling art is really hard. AI
         | art is already completely passe anyway. If anything the
         | technology is regressing visually.
         | 
         | Music was in a several decades long bull market in physical
         | media sales that crashed and burned. Now we have gone back to
         | the pre-music media bubble days but with much better
         | distribution and marketing channels.
         | 
         | Not a lot of people making a living playing ragtime piano or
         | hoofers making a living tap dancing either.
         | 
         | The real amusing thing to me is you never hear scultpure artist
         | complain that they are in the training data sets. Probably
         | because they know it is literally just free advertising for
         | their real art.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | I'm with you 100%. A lot of people who wrote books didn't
           | realize they were selling decorated paper, or who recorded
           | music didn't realize they were selling wax discs and magnetic
           | tape. With digital publishing, they were actually obsoleted.
           | 
           | Like you, I don't think there's good news there, though. As
           | an e.g. writer, you have to convert to selling ideas. The way
           | you sell an idea is that you give it away, and if hearing it
           | makes people like _you_ they will give you arbitrary support.
           | For a writer at least what that means is that only original,
           | interesting work that stands out will be valuable, and it
           | will not be valuable to the extent that it is good, but to
           | the extent that it appeals to an audience. You might as well
           | be a tap dancer.
           | 
           | And if you aren't original, you'll never stand out amongst
           | the AI slop, which will get better and better (and nicer and
           | more pleasant to read and more useful and all that good shit
           | that technology does.) I don't know if that's a bad thing. We
           | have gone from an excess of uninteresting expression in the
           | world to an overwhelming amount of "me too" and worthless
           | repetition filling every crevice. I've probably published 3K
           | words on the internet today. The number before the internet
           | would be zero; but even back then the bookstores were filled
           | with crap.
           | 
           | The market for crap has been taken by AI. And as it gets
           | better, as the crap sea level rises, it will eventually be
           | over most content creators' heads.
           | 
           | The only future for an _expression market_ is parasocial. You
           | 're going to have to make people like you, and take care of
           | you because they think of you as family. It's no wonder that
           | entertainment is merging into politics.
        
           | z3c0 wrote:
           | I'm in agreement, and being an active artist in an art-
           | centric city, I find myself having to explain this to other
           | artists more than I'd like. Physical art is of measurable
           | value, digital art simply is not. Claiming rights over an
           | image of ones art is like claiming to own ones shadow.
        
         | avgd wrote:
         | > Chinese AI companies just flatly ignoring US copyright
         | 
         | It is increasingly tiresome to see this clearly racist bias at
         | work when every US company doing AI has been acting the same
         | way.
         | 
         | https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/artificial-intell...
         | 
         | https://piracymonitor.org/chat-gpt-trained-using-pirated-e-b...
        
           | nemo44x wrote:
           | Why is it racist? Nationalist? Sure. But not racist.
        
           | nonethewiser wrote:
           | Why do you call this racist?
        
           | ch4s3 wrote:
           | I am certainly NOT expressing racial animus and take offense
           | at the suggestion. My point is that a near peer competitive
           | nation that has party political officers embedded into tech
           | companies is the largest rival to domestic companies. I for
           | one would prefer to live in a world where the winning "AI"
           | companies are based in democracies and not in autocracies.
        
         | redox99 wrote:
         | None of the AI companies care about copyright lol. They just
         | went from openly admitting the use of Books3, to being
         | secretive about their dataset.
        
       | fazeirony wrote:
       | the GOP: "states' rights! states' rights!!"
       | 
       | also the GOP: "not _those_ rights! only the rights we want to
       | share "
        
         | epistasis wrote:
         | The unspoken part was always the states' rights to do _what_.
         | Which of course was all about maintaining the economic
         | differences that they preferred. Which, you know...
        
         | nomel wrote:
         | What's this in reference to?
         | 
         | This is OpenAI asking, not the GOP. There's no GOP policy
         | mentioned. From the article:
         | 
         | > The Trump administration has generally signaled its intention
         | to take a hands-off approach to regulating the technology.
        
       | nick238 wrote:
       | In the "just because everyone else is jumping off a bridge,
       | should you do it":
       | 
       | > Pfizer Asks White House for Relief From FDA Drug Human Testing
       | Rules
       | 
       | > Pfizer has asked the Trump administration to help shield
       | pharmaceutical companies from a growing number of proposed state
       | and federal regulations if they voluntarily share their human
       | trial results with the federal government.
       | 
       | > In a 15-page set of policy suggestions released on Thursday,
       | the Eliquis maker argued that the hundreds of human-testing-
       | related bills currently pending across the US risk undercutting
       | America's technological progress at a time when it faces renewed
       | competition from China. Pfizer said the administration should
       | consider providing some relief for pharmaceutical companies big
       | and small from state rules - if and when enacted - in exchange
       | for voluntary access to testing data.
       | 
       | > Chris Lehane, Pfizer's vice president of global affairs, said
       | in an interview, "China is engaged in remarkable progress in drug
       | development by testing through Uyghur volunteers in the Xinjiang
       | province. The US is ceding our strategic advantage by not using
       | untapped resources sitting idle in detention facilities around
       | the country."
       | 
       | > George C. Zoley, Executive Chairman of GEO Group, said, "Our
       | new Karnes ICE Processing Center has played an important role in
       | helping ICE meeting the diverse policy priorities of four
       | Presidential Administrations. We stand ready to continue to help
       | the federal government, Pfizer, and other privately-held
       | companies achieve their unmet needs through human trials in our
       | new 1,328-bed Texas facility."
        
         | O5vYtytb wrote:
         | > > Uyghur volunteers
         | 
         | "Volunteers" eh? That's one way to put it.
        
       | bnchrch wrote:
       | Maybe in a present:
       | 
       | - Dominated by a intractable global manufacturer/technologist
       | (China) that doesn't care about copyright
       | 
       | - Proliferated by a communication network that doesn't care about
       | copyright (Internet)
       | 
       | and a future where:
       | 
       | - We have thinking machines on par with human creativity that get
       | better based on more information (regardless of who owns the
       | rights to the original synapses firing)
       | 
       | That maybe, just maybe, the whole "who should pay to use
       | copyrighted work?" question is irrelevant, antiquated,
       | impossible, redundant...
       | 
       | And for once we instead realize in the face of a new world, an
       | old rule no longer applies.
       | 
       | (Similar to a decade ago when we debated if a personal file was
       | uploaded to a cloud provider should a warrant apply)
        
         | showerst wrote:
         | Even if you believe that every one of these things is correct
         | (which is a big _even_) -- It's a really bad idea to let
         | private actors break the law, then decide not to punish them if
         | it turns out to be useful enough.
         | 
         | It's bad for competitors who didn't break the law, bad for
         | future companies who have to gamble on if they're getting a
         | pass at breaking the next big thing's law, and bad for parties
         | who suffered losses they didn't expect because they were
         | working within the law.
         | 
         | If you want to throw out the copyright system I'm right there
         | with you, but change the laws, don't just reward lawbreaking
         | and cronyism.
        
           | bnchrch wrote:
           | Agreed!
           | 
           | Though if you think about it laws typically change after we
           | agree (at the grassroots level) they are irrelevant, not
           | before.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > - We have thinking machines on par with human creativity that
         | get better based on more information (regardless of who owns
         | the rights to the original synapses firing)
         | 
         | For that you need _actual_ AGI and it 's nowhere in sight other
         | than in the dreams of a few doom prophets.
         | 
         | Until that is reached, by definition current "AI" cannot
         | surpass its training data.
        
           | bnchrch wrote:
           | I think you missed the point.
           | 
           | Technology has made enforcing copyright impossible, and any
           | attempt to enforce it just hinders technological advancement,
           | while still not solving the global enforceability of
           | copyright.
           | 
           | Lets stop wasting our time on this concept, the laws around
           | it and the whole debate. Copyright is dead.
           | 
           | I'm arguing lets move on.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > Technology has made enforcing copyright impossible
             | 
             | Has it? I think not. Governments could require AI training
             | companies on Western markets to respect robots.txt (with
             | strict fines for violators), and nations who do not respect
             | this should be cut off of the Internet anyway.
        
               | bnchrch wrote:
               | Let me point to two things
               | 
               | 1. China (they don't care about your copyright)
               | 
               | 2. No single entity controls internet access. (thank god)
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > 1. China (they don't care about your copyright)
               | 
               | They don't but we can (and should have) sanctioned them
               | to oblivion until they care.
               | 
               | > 2. No single entity controls internet access. (thank
               | god)
               | 
               | Force the large telecom providers in Western nations and
               | the banks to cut ties.
               | 
               | We have the possibilites, all we need is politicians with
               | guts to actually pull it off.
        
         | myaccountonhn wrote:
         | > We have thinking machines on par with human creativity that
         | get better based on more information (regardless of who owns
         | the rights to the original synapses firing)
         | 
         | We don't have that and we don't know if it will happen.
         | Meanwhile, people put in time to create work and they are being
         | exploited by not being paid. I think openai should pay.
        
           | bnchrch wrote:
           | Sure, we can debate how creative or not LLM is right now, but
           | that is not the real point that this all hinges on.
           | 
           | The real point is copyright is no longer enforceable, and
           | some of our biggest societal forces incentivize us to not
           | care about copyright.
           | 
           | This debate and these laws are effectively dead, some just
           | don't know it yet.
        
         | Xelynega wrote:
         | If the models are so good that "who should pay to use
         | copyrighted work?" is not a relevant question, doesn't that
         | mean that all money that would previously go towards artists is
         | now going towards OpenAI?
         | 
         | How does new art get created for the models to train on if
         | OpenAI is the only artist getting paid?
         | 
         | I'm not saying I even agree with your proposed future, but if
         | it were to happen would it not be a bad thing for everybody but
         | OpenAI?
        
         | torginus wrote:
         | A future, where we have limitless clean energy thanks to
         | nuclear fusion, self driving cars that exceed humans in every
         | safety metric, EVs with inexpensive batteries that go 500 miles
         | on a single 5 minute charge, cheap and secure financial
         | transactions thanks to crypto. etc.
         | 
         | is a future that they've been selling us for more than a
         | decade, but somehow doesn't really want to come about.
        
       | baskinator wrote:
       | How big was the check that came with this request? For the right
       | price their logo can go on the rose garden lawn.
        
         | WorldPeas wrote:
         | gpt-47 costs at least $1m/tok
        
           | earslap wrote:
           | we are working on <impossible problem stumping humanity>. We
           | have considered the following path to find a solution. Are we
           | on the right track? Only answer Yes or No.
           | 
           | (1 week of GPUs whirring later)
           | 
           | AI: Your
           | 
           | (that will be $1 million, thank you)
        
       | basisword wrote:
       | "Please help us. We're only a little business worth $157
       | billion!" - The company ripping off everyone that's ever written
       | or drawn anything. Company's like AirBnB and Uber breaking the
       | rules, gaining control of the market, and then pushing up prices
       | was bad. "Open" AI is just a whole other level of hubris.
        
         | pmdr wrote:
         | They do need help, they've yet to turn a profit.
        
           | worldsayshi wrote:
           | Would they want to turn a profit if they can invest?
        
           | jjulius wrote:
           | If you start a company based on a new-ish idea and you can't
           | figure out how to turn a profit, that's on you.
        
             | AuryGlenz wrote:
             | To be fair, it could be a matter of national security if
             | AGI does ever happen. You'd very much want your country to
             | be the first.
        
               | andrewflnr wrote:
               | That's closer to an argument for nationalizing the
               | company than it is for shielding them from regulation.
        
           | frosting1337 wrote:
           | Remember when they were a non-profit so that didn't matter?
           | Ah..
        
             | presentation wrote:
             | Nonprofits still need to be sustainable, and they're
             | definitely not
        
           | thrance wrote:
           | Profit is so 20th century. The new way is to garner hype to
           | build a pyramid scheme for VCs, and sell off your shares
           | before people realize there's nothing here. Actual
           | contribution to the economy are no longer required.
        
         | VWWHFSfQ wrote:
         | Not to mention Musk was an original co-founder, left, and then
         | just recently tried to buy it back.
         | 
         | It's all shady-as-fuck.
        
         | bamboozled wrote:
         | They will probably get it too :)
        
       | greesil wrote:
       | Write a law. We don't have an emperor.
        
         | krapp wrote:
         | Are you sure about that?
        
       | iteratethis wrote:
       | I'm disgusted by the mindset that companies should be able to do
       | whatever they want when it comes to technology as impactful and
       | revolutionary as AI.
       | 
       | AI sucks up the collective blood, sweat and tears of human work
       | without permission or compensation and then re-monetizes it. It's
       | a model that is even more asymmetrical than Google Search, whom
       | at least gives back some traffic to creators (if lucky).
       | 
       | AI is going to decide on human lives if it drives your car or
       | makes medical diagnoses or decisions. This needs regulation.
       | 
       | AI has the ability for convincing deepfakes, attacking the
       | essence of information and communication in itself. This needs
       | regulation, accountability, at least a discussion.
       | 
       | As AI grows in its capability, it will have an enormous impact on
       | the work force, both white collar and blue collar. It may lead to
       | a lot of social unrest and a political breakdown. "Let's see what
       | happens" is wildly irresponsible.
       | 
       | You cannot point to foreign competition as a basis for a no-rule
       | approach. You should start with rules for impactful/dangerous
       | technology and then hold parties to account, both domestic and
       | foreign.
       | 
       | And if it is true that we're in a race to AGI, realize that this
       | means the invention of infinite labor. Bigger than the industrial
       | revolution and information age combined.
       | 
       | Don't you think we should think that scenario through a little,
       | rather than winging it?
       | 
       | The inauguration had the tech CEOs lined up directly behind
       | Trump, clearly signaling who runs the country. Its tech and its
       | media. How can you possible have trust in a technology even more
       | powerful ending up in ever richer and more autocratic hands?
       | 
       | But I suppose the reality is that Altman should donate $100
       | million to Trump and tell him that he's the greatest man ever.
       | Poof, regulation is gone.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | > AI has the ability for convincing deepfakes, attacking the
         | essence of information and communication in itself. This needs
         | regulation, accountability, at least a discussion.
         | 
         | We're going to eventually have to have a serious discussion
         | about, and to generate a legal and moral framework covering,
         | identity rights. I'm going to guess that people will be able to
         | _locally_ generate high-quality pornography of celebrities and
         | people they know that will be indistinguishable from the real
         | thing _imminently_ ; at most it's 5 years away.
         | 
         | Getting hung up on the sex is a distraction. This is no
         | different than anybody collecting a identifiable dossier on
         | you, packaging it, and selling it. This has been a problem for
         | everyone for the entire period of advertising on the internet,
         | and before that with credit agencies and blacklists, and no
         | progress has been made because it has been profitable for
         | everybody for a long time.
         | 
         | Websites got a few decisions about scraping, saying that they
         | were protected to some extent from people scraping to duplicate
         | a particular compilation of otherwise legally copyable
         | information. Individuals are compilations of legally copyable
         | information. We're going to need publication rights to our own
         | selves.
         | 
         | But like you say, we're not discussing any of this. Rich people
         | are just doing what they want, and paying the appropriate
         | politicians to pretend not to understand what's going on. Any
         | pushback? Just Say China A Lot.
        
       | timewizard wrote:
       | > OpenAI also proposed that AI companies get access to
       | government-held data, which could include health-care
       | information, Lehane said.
       | 
       | Yea, straight up, go fuck yourselves. You want copyright laws
       | changed to vouchsafe your straight up copyright whitewashing and
       | now you just want medical data "because."
       | 
       | Pay for it or go away. I'm tired of these technoweenies with
       | their hands out. Peter Thiel needs a permanent vacation.
        
         | VWWHFSfQ wrote:
         | > You want copyright laws changed to vouchsafe your straight up
         | copyright whitewashing
         | 
         | I'll support this if it means that Mickey Mouse finally goes
         | into the public domain and fucks Disney.
        
       | sd9 wrote:
       | Am I the only one who thinks "freedom to learn" is an
       | anthropomorphising euphemism?
        
       | cratermoon wrote:
       | Buried the lede:
       | 
       | > OpenAI also reiterated its call for the government to take
       | steps to support AI infrastructure investments and called for
       | copyright reform, arguing that America's fair use doctrine is
       | critical to maintaining AI leadership. OpenAI and other AI
       | developers have faced numerous copyright lawsuits over the data
       | used to build their models.
        
       | JohnFen wrote:
       | I really hope OpenAI fails in doing this. If this usage is
       | allowed, then it means that there is no path towards me being OK
       | with publishing anything on the internet again.
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | I'm assuming this has zero effect on non-US AI companies?
        
       | tmnvix wrote:
       | I've heard so many ridiculous stories about 'AI' that I'm at the
       | point where I initially took this to mean the LLM and not the
       | company had made the request.
       | 
       | I expect that interpretation won't seem outlandish in the future.
        
         | dmalik wrote:
         | > I've heard so many ridiculous stories about 'AI' that I'm at
         | the point where I initially took this to mean the LLM and not
         | the company had made the request.
         | 
         | Only through its human bots
         | 
         | > I expect that interpretation won't seem outlandish in the
         | future.
         | 
         | AI human manipulation could be a thing to watch out for.
        
       | gitpusher wrote:
       | HAHAHA. Remember when Sam was absolutely frothing at the mouth to
       | "regulate AI" two years ago?
       | 
       | > https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/16/technology/openai-altman-...
       | 
       | > https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/09/tech/korea-altman-chatgpt...
        
       | hello_computer wrote:
       | https://youtu.be/TMHCw3RqulY
        
       | grahar64 wrote:
       | Well funded companies want regulations because it stops up and
       | coming companies from competing. Now they want exemptions from
       | those regulations because it would be too restrictive.
        
       | sunshine-o wrote:
       | Funny how fast those AI prophets went from:
       | 
       | - The government need to prepare because soon they will need to
       | give money to all those people we made obsolete and unemployed.
       | And there is nothing to stop us.
       | 
       | to:
       | 
       | - We need money from the government to do that thing we told you
       | about.
        
         | disqard wrote:
         | This needs to be repeated, over and over:
         | 
         | These grifters started with one narrative, and have done a full
         | 180.
         | 
         | The Internet --> Web 2.0 --> algorithmic feeds progression has
         | destroyed our collective ability to focus and to retain any
         | memories (and the media being goldfish-like doesn't help
         | either).
        
       | steveBK123 wrote:
       | The right loves states rights, unless it conflicts with their
       | personal preferences.
        
       | light_triad wrote:
       | It coincides with this: OpenAI calls DeepSeek 'state-controlled,'
       | calls for bans on 'PRC-produced' models
       | 
       | https://techcrunch.com/2025/03/13/openai-calls-deepseek-stat...
       | 
       | On HN: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43355779
        
         | xvector wrote:
         | Really funny to see Sam whining about Elon "playing unfair"
         | while attempting to do this with DeepSeek.
        
           | nonethewiser wrote:
           | Why isnt he doing this with Elon?
        
           | jryan49 wrote:
           | It's almost like these guys will say anything at anytime if
           | it serves their purposes (regardless of what they believe or
           | how consistent they are).
        
       | secondary_op wrote:
       | Free market y all !
       | 
       | OpenAI calls DeepSeek 'state-controlled,' calls for bans
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43355779
        
         | thrance wrote:
         | It is the free market though. That's what inevitably happens
         | when locks put in place in the past to prevent rampant wealth
         | and power concentration get blown up. A truly free market
         | always devolves into a bunch of oligarchs gaining too much
         | power and dictating their laws.
        
           | gizzlon wrote:
           | Someone else posted here that instead of talking about "free
           | markets" we should talk about "competitive markets".
        
       | hsuduebc2 wrote:
       | Regulations were convenient to slow down competitors--you know,
       | the ones you heavily lobbied for--it was all great. But now that
       | you've done your part and others are finally catching up,
       | suddenly it's all about easing restrictions to protect your lead?
       | Beautiful.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _Google's comments on the U.S. AI Action Plan_
       | 
       | https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/public-policy/googl...
        
       | ArthurStacks wrote:
       | All these whiney creatives who feel threatened just need to suck
       | it up and deal with it. Even if they got their way in the US,
       | another app in another country will just use their data without
       | permission. All they are doing is ensuring those apps wouldnt be
       | American.
        
         | giraffe_lady wrote:
         | What do you mean by "deal with it?" Because to me it looks like
         | they're dealing with it by joining in solidarity with other
         | artists, raising awareness about how this affects them _and us_
         | and lobbying for regulation they think would improve the
         | situation.
         | 
         | I guess you meant they should deal with it by just letting it
         | happen to them quietly and without a fight? Is that how you
         | would deal with your livelihood being preventably and
         | unnecessarily destroyed for someone else's enrichment? Maybe,
         | but artists are not overall as cowardly as programmers.
         | 
         | > All they are doing is ensuring those apps wouldnt be
         | American.
         | 
         | Maybe these whiny americans just need to suck it up and deal
         | with it?
        
           | warkdarrior wrote:
           | How would awareness and regulation in US solve this worldwide
           | problem?
        
           | ArthurStacks wrote:
           | Deal with it as in them accepting there is nothing they can
           | do to stop it. Other countries arent going to follow whatever
           | laws they manage to get in place in the US.
        
             | giraffe_lady wrote:
             | So not deal with it so much as just shut up about it?
        
               | ArthurStacks wrote:
               | It's just a case that nothing can be done about it. They
               | can protest about it, but a European, Japanese, Chinese,
               | or Russia company will just continue oblivious that there
               | even was any protest.
               | 
               | Commercial creatives have to accept it is happening and
               | adapt.
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | It used to be rich people got nervous when a big group of
               | precarious workers suddenly became desperate non-workers
               | all at once.
               | 
               | > accept it is happening and adapt.
               | 
               | Are you going to follow this advice if they adapt by
               | simply taking all your shit at gunpoint?
               | 
               | I don't know if I was positioned and planning to
               | personally benefit from the mass destruction of people's
               | livelihoods I'd at least keep a low key about it you know
               | what I mean?. I wouldn't be so gleefully gloating about
               | this in public but hey. There's a lot of cops I'm sure
               | it's fine. It'll probably be fine for you. But it doesn't
               | concern you a tiny bit? Just on the outside chance? Nah
               | nevermind it's fine. Don't worry about it.
        
               | ArthurStacks wrote:
               | If I lived in the USA I would be concerned, but I live in
               | Switzerland and have residency in two other wealth haven
               | countries, with businesses across multiple European
               | countries. It isn't something that is an issue for me
               | given the attitudes to wealth where I live.
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | That sounds great you sound delightful and clearly
               | nothing to be worried about because nothing like that
               | ever changes so you'll be fine forever I'll leave you to
               | your gloating now. Make sure you keep doing it all in
               | public like this just in case though.
        
             | archagon wrote:
             | That makes no sense. Even if an individual user is able to
             | use RuGPT to generate infringing content privately,
             | commercial entities would be prohibited from doing so. That
             | is a clear win for "whiney creatives."
        
               | ArthurStacks wrote:
               | No it isnt. Because foreign companies and entities don't
               | need to follow those laws. The whiney creative still
               | losses. All they do is unsure that its their own country
               | that doesnt benefit.
        
         | balls187 wrote:
         | Do you not enjoy being paid for your work?
        
           | ArthurStacks wrote:
           | I'm a business owner. I love generative AI.
        
             | balls187 wrote:
             | You can both love gen AI, and support an artist's right to
             | decide who, when, where and how their work can be used.
        
               | ArthurStacks wrote:
               | Not when the right they want is impossible to enforce.
        
       | rvz wrote:
       | OpenAI (2023): Don't even bother trying to compete against us,
       | you will not win and you will lose.
       | 
       | OpenAI (2025): pLeAse bAn dEEpSeEk!!11!, bAn poWerFulL oPen
       | wEight Ai mOdeLs!!1
        
       | WiSaGaN wrote:
       | Before Deepseek, Meta open-sourced a good LLM. At the time, the
       | narrative pushed by OpenAI and Anthropic was centered on
       | 'safety.' Now, with the emergence of Deepseek, OpenAI and
       | Anthropic have pivoted to a national security narrative. It is
       | becoming tiresome to watch these rent seekers attacking open
       | source to justify their valuations.
        
         | eleveriven wrote:
         | Now that Deepseek is in the mix, it's suddenly about national
         | security. Convenient.
        
           | clown_strike wrote:
           | They said all the same nonsense about Tiktok.
        
           | genewitch wrote:
           | I really don't have a spare terabyte to save all the "weights
           | available" so I hope someone is. I already have 340GB of
           | language model weights.
        
         | mr90210 wrote:
         | > rent seekers
         | 
         | Finally someone described them by who they are, rent f*
         | seekers.
        
           | KKKKkkkk1 wrote:
           | So I asked ChatGPT what is a rent seeker and it said it's
           | someone who seeks to make money without contributing
           | anything. I don't think that fits OpenAI. I think you're
           | overlooking ChatGPT, for example, which was developed by
           | OpenAI.
        
       | j_timberlake wrote:
       | If AI actually reaches human-level intelligence in the next few
       | years, the Pentagon and congress are going to start yelling about
       | National Security and grabbing control over the whole industry,
       | so I doubt state regulations are going to matter much anyway.
       | 
       | (And if it doesn't reach human-level intelligence, then OpenAI's
       | value will pop like a balloon.)
        
       | darkwizard42 wrote:
       | For those who have used the image generation models and even the
       | text models to create things, there is no way you can look at the
       | Disney-look-alike images and NOT see that as copyright
       | infringement...
        
         | ranger_danger wrote:
         | I think that's up to the courts to decide on a case by case
         | basis, just like with human-produced content someone alleges as
         | infringing.
         | 
         | Humans of course create things by drawing from past influences,
         | and I would argue so does AI.
         | 
         | In fact, I would say that nothing and nobody starts out
         | original. We need copying to build a foundation of knowledge
         | and understanding. Everything is a copy of something else, the
         | only difference is how much is actually copied, and how obvious
         | it is. Copying is how we learn. We can't introduce anything new
         | until we're fluent in the language of our domain, and we do
         | that through emulation.
         | 
         | So to me the legal argument of AI vs copyright, comes down to
         | how similar a particular result is from the original, and
         | that's a subjective call that a judge or jury would have to
         | make.
        
         | nomdep wrote:
         | IANAL but for copyright infringement you have to distribute it,
         | and AI image generation is like asking someone to paint a
         | cartoon mouse in a wall of your living room
        
           | Xelynega wrote:
           | Is it not more like lossy image decompression?
           | 
           | Just because the jpeg you're distributing isn't the same
           | bytes as the one I have copyright to doesn't mean you're not
           | infringing my copyright. You're still taking my copyrighted
           | image, running it through an algorithm, and then distributing
           | the results.
        
           | nickthegreek wrote:
           | AI generation is also like asking a professional to design a
           | logo for your corporation. It all matters what the license
           | you are getting to the outputs. If the Image Generator is
           | saying that outputs from their service can be used for
           | commercial purposes, it isnt like your example at all.
        
       | arealaccount wrote:
       | Isn't Elon Musk sort of in a tiff with OpenAI, and also seemingly
       | very influential to Trump?
       | 
       | I feel like OpenAI is going to have to make some concessions to
       | get favor from the Trump administration.
        
       | stargrazer wrote:
       | So, why not pay the price of each copyrighted work ingested by
       | the model?
        
         | thisisnotauser wrote:
         | I mean, China won't have to, so the AI race would still be
         | over.
        
           | noman-land wrote:
           | China also doesn't have to care about the will of its people,
           | human rights, freedom of speech, and a bunch of other pesky
           | things that get in the way of doing whatever the fuck you
           | want to people for personal gain.
        
             | thisisnotauser wrote:
             | Seems like it'd be bad to let them win then.
        
               | hotep99 wrote:
               | We can let them dominate us but feel smug and morally
               | superior in the process.
        
             | latentcall wrote:
             | Neither does mine so we're on equal footing!
        
           | kadoban wrote:
           | So make the AI models public goods, developed by the
           | government. Why should companies be getting rich on everyone
           | else's work?
        
             | thisisnotauser wrote:
             | Well, I guess most copyright we're talking about here is IP
             | owned by very wealthy corporations, to wit:
             | 
             | https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/column-intellectual-
             | pro...
             | 
             | So I'm not sure that it would really change the status quo
             | for a different group of already rich people to profit off
             | of art created largely by the working poor and owned
             | largely by another group of already rich people.
             | 
             | I guess if you think the government can accomplish what you
             | propose, sure. But seems like that's not going to happen.
             | Except maybe in China, and it sounds like that might be
             | even worse for everyone.
             | 
             | Thus, it really seems like there's a solid point here that
             | abandoning copyright to allow private investors to get rich
             | stealing art from other rich people who really just stole
             | it from poor people anyways is better than not doing that.
        
               | kadoban wrote:
               | > So I'm not sure that it would really change the status
               | quo for a different group of already rich people to
               | profit off of art created largely by the working poor and
               | owned largely by another group of already rich people.
               | 
               | I did not propose that any rich people profit off of it.
               | It should be a public good.
               | 
               | > I guess if you think the government can accomplish what
               | you propose, sure. But seems like that's not going to
               | happen. Except maybe in China, and it sounds like that
               | might be even worse for everyone.
               | 
               | Throw it at universities, fund it and organize it well.
               | They can take it from where we are right now.
        
               | bediger4000 wrote:
               | > I guess most copyright we're talking about here is IP
               | owned by very wealthy corporations,
               | 
               | They're mostly the entities that can afford to enforce
               | their copyrights. Copyright is for the wealthy,
               | unfortunately.
        
             | scarface_74 wrote:
             | What could possibly go wrong giving the same government
             | that is currently deleting information from websites
             | including references to the "Enola Gay" control over
             | models?
        
               | kadoban wrote:
               | The US needs to fix its government anyway. If they
               | cannot, nothing else matters.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Don't forget that the pearl clutching is on both sides.
               | 
               | It was Tipper Gore that thought the world would come to
               | an end because of rap music.
               | 
               | Let's just not give the government any more power in our
               | lives than necessary.
        
               | kadoban wrote:
               | The current regime is in a fascist power grab and you're
               | both-sidsing some random-ass second lady from a
               | generation ago? Yeah wonder why we can't have effective
               | government.
               | 
               | > Let's just not give the government any more power in
               | our lives than necessary.
               | 
               | Let's stop giving corporations all of the power and get a
               | government that actually works for us.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | It doesn't matter. You should never trust the government
               | with more power than absolutely necessary.
               | 
               | Because eventually, the other side will do something you
               | don't like.
               | 
               | This is the government people voted for.
               | 
               | The government has a "monopoly on violence". No
               | corporation can force you to do anything, take away your
               | freedom (the US has the highest incarceration rate of any
               | democracy) or your property (see civil forfeiture). I can
               | much more easily avoid a corporation than the government.
        
               | kadoban wrote:
               | > No corporation can force you to do anything, take away
               | your freedom (the US has the highest incarceration rate
               | of any democracy) or your property (see civil
               | forfeiture). I can much more easily avoid a corporation
               | than the government.
               | 
               | Avoid Tesla, and give me the steps you follow.
               | 
               | > Because eventually, the other side will do something
               | you don't like.
               | 
               | Yeah they might do equally egregious things like:
               | 
               | 1) staging a fascist takeover of the government
               | 
               | 2) a powerless idiot's idiot wife might dislike a music
               | genre 30 years ago
               | 
               | The problem isn't government, it's a populace that is
               | alergic to useful government.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | You're overindexing on Trump. The US being a police state
               | with the highest incarceration rate in the world, police
               | corruption, civil forfeiture, etc didn't start with
               | Trump.
               | 
               | Tell me one corporation that you can't get away from? Now
               | tell me how you avoid an over powerful government?
               | 
               | Why would you want to give a government with the history
               | of the US more power?
               | 
               | Trump was elected fair and square. If you want to blame
               | anyone - blame Americans. Despite the bullshit that the
               | Democrats spout about "this isn't who we are". This is
               | exactly who we are. Why would I want to give the
               | government more control? Do you think the Democrats would
               | be any more hands off when it comes to content?
        
               | kadoban wrote:
               | > Trump was elected fair and square. If you want to blame
               | anyone - blame Americans. Despite the bullshit that the
               | Democrats spout about "this isn't who we are". This is
               | exactly who we are.
               | 
               | I blame, primarily, the corporate takeover of government,
               | punctuated by Citizen's United and everything that came
               | after, and a couple of generations of a Republican party
               | who have no goal other than setting out to prove that
               | government is the enemy to take the heat off of their
               | corporate masters.
               | 
               | > Tell me one corporation that you can't get away from?
               | Now tell me how you avoid an over powerful government?
               | 
               | I already did: avoid Tesla, show me how it's done. You
               | can't, because the asshole in charge bought enough of the
               | government to be in control. That's what happens when you
               | have corporations with unchecked power, which is the
               | inevitible conclusion of a powerless government.
               | 
               | You think you give the corporations all of the money and
               | they're going to be bound by some tiny neutered
               | government? No, they'll just buy it and then do what they
               | want.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | > _I blame, primarily, the corporate takeover of
               | government, punctuated by Citizen 's United and
               | everything that came after_
               | 
               | Try again, Trump famously didn't have much corporate
               | backing in 2016. Corporations wanted a standard
               | Republican. He didn't have any more money than the DNC.
               | He is what the majority of the American people wanted.
               | 
               | > _You think you give the corporations all of the money
               | and they 're going to be bound by some tiny neutered
               | government?_
               | 
               | Again, tell me how a corporation can shoot me with
               | impunity, take my property without due process, literally
               | take away my freedom or stop me because I "fit the
               | description" or look like I don't belong in a neghborhood
               | where I know I my income was twice the median income in
               | the county?
               | 
               | You worry about some theoretical abstract corporate
               | power, I worry about jack booted thugs with the full
               | force of the government behind them
        
               | kadoban wrote:
               | > Try again, Trump famously didn't have much corporate
               | backing in 2016. Corporations wanted a standard
               | Republican. He didn't have any more money than the DNC.
               | He is what the majority of the American people wanted.
               | 
               | I thought you said it didn't start with Trump?
               | 
               | And your premise is wrong anyway, Trump had plenty of
               | corporate support in 2016 and more in 2024, he just had
               | some token resistance from big corps relative to others,
               | they got over it quickly and it was never more than just
               | for show.
               | 
               | > Again, tell me how a corporation can shoot me with
               | impunity, take my property without due process, literally
               | take away my freedom or stop me because I "fit the
               | description" or look like I don't belong in a neghborhood
               | where I know I my income was twice the median income in
               | the county?
               | 
               | By just doing it, what you think they can't find guns and
               | assholes who need money or are evil? You think they can't
               | find ways to cheat you out of your property or life?
               | Who's going to stop them?
               | 
               | You tear down the government, the corporations will make
               | their own in their own image. The government is
               | _supposed_ to be there, it's the people coming together
               | to do the shared work of society for the common good.
               | 
               | It just has to be a good government, the people have to
               | fight for that. Half of our people fight to tear it down
               | instead and the other half barely know what the hell they
               | want.
               | 
               | > You worry about some theoretical abstract corporate
               | power, I worry about jack booted thugs with the full
               | force of the government behind them
               | 
               | They're the same people. Look at our government.
               | Theoretical abstract, what are you talking about, it's
               | the literal nazi shithead in the whitehouse and all the
               | rest of his enablers.
        
           | dmix wrote:
           | I don't think people realize how much money has been dumped
           | into other Chinese AI models besides Deepseek, even American
           | VCs like Sequoia are getting involved
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonshot_AI
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baichuan
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiniMax_(company)
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhipu_AI
        
             | thisisnotauser wrote:
             | It kinda makes sense to spend your dollars where they can
             | actually get used.
        
         | Dylan16807 wrote:
         | They _do_ have to pay that.
         | 
         | But if it's not fair use, they'd need to negotiate a custom
         | license on top of that, for every single thing they use.
        
           | danaris wrote:
           | Where do they have to pay that?
           | 
           | Where have they paid for each artwork from DeviantArt,
           | paheal, etc that they trained Stable Diffusion on?
           | 
           | Where have they paid for each independent blog post that they
           | trained ChatGPT on?
           | 
           | Yes, they've made a few deals with specific companies that
           | host a large amount of content. That's a far cry from paying
           | a fair price for _each copyrighted work_ they ingest. Nearly
           | _everything_ on the Internet is copyrighted, because of the
           | way modern copyright works, and they have paid for nearly
           | none of it.
        
             | avgd wrote:
             | Also, openai only started making deals (and mostly with
             | news publishers) after the NYT lawsuit.
             | 
             | https://www.npr.org/2025/01/14/nx-s1-5258952/new-york-
             | times-...
             | 
             | They didn't even consider doing this before. They still, as
             | far as I know, haven't paid a dime for any book, or art
             | beyond stock photography.
             | 
             | Lawsuit is still ongoing, if openai loses it might spell
             | doom for legal production and usage of LLMs as a whole.
             | There isn't enough open, free data out there to make state
             | of the art AI.
        
               | codedokode wrote:
               | > There isn't enough open, free data out there to make
               | state of the art AI.
               | 
               | But there are models trained on legal content (like
               | Wikipedia or StackOverflow). Also, no human needs to read
               | millions of pirated books to become intelligent.
        
               | avgd wrote:
               | > But there are models trained on legal content (like
               | Wikipedia or StackOverflow)
               | 
               | Literally all of them are trained on wikipedia and SO.
               | But /none/ of them are /only/ trained on wikipedia and
               | SO. They need much more than that.
               | 
               | > Also, no human needs to read millions of pirated books
               | to become intelligent.
               | 
               | Obviously, LLM architectures that were inspired by GPT
               | 2/3 are not learning like humans.
               | 
               | There has never been anything remotely good in the world
               | of LLM that could have been said to have been trained on
               | a moderate, more human scoped amount of data. They're all
               | trained on trillions of tokens.
               | 
               | Models trained on less than 1T are experimental jokes
               | that have no real use to provide.
               | 
               | You'll notice even so called "open data" LLMs like Olmo
               | are, in fact, also trained on copyrighted data, datasets
               | like Common Crawl claim fair use over anything that can
               | be accessed from a web browser.
               | 
               | And then there's the whole notion of laundered data by
               | training on synthetic data generated by another LLM. All
               | the so-called "open" LLMs include a very significant
               | amount of LLM-generated data. If you agree to the notion
               | that LLMs trained on copyrighted work are a form of IP
               | infringement and not fair use, then training on their
               | output is just data laundering and doesn't fix the issue.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > If you agree to the notion that LLMs trained on
               | copyrighted work are a form of IP infringement and not
               | fair use, then training on their output is just data
               | laundering and doesn't fix the issue.
               | 
               | It's fuzzy. I could imagine a situation where a primary
               | LLM trained on copyrighted material is a big hazard and
               | can't be released, but carefully monitored and filtered
               | output could be declared copyright-safe, and then used to
               | make a copyright-safe secondary LLM.
        
           | stego-tech wrote:
           | Weird, I haven't gotten a check from OpenAI, Meta, Anthropic,
           | or any other AI company for any of my works yet, nor have any
           | of my writer, musician, developer, or photographer friends
           | who also self-publish without permissive licenses that would
           | allow for such use. Are you _sure_ they have to compensate
           | creators for the material they use for training, or are you
           | misunderstanding how copyright licensing works in the United
           | States? Because all of us put our contact methods on our
           | works so folks can properly license it for use, yet none of
           | us have had anyone reach out to do so for AI training -
           | almost like there 's a fundamental mismatch between what AI
           | companies are willing to pay (nothing), and what humans who
           | created this stuff would like to receive for its indefinite
           | use in training (what these AI companies claim are) trillion-
           | dollar businesses of the future that will revolutionize
           | humanity (i.e., house money).
           | 
           | If it's fair use for OpenAI to steal content wholesale
           | without fair compensation (as decided by the creator, unless
           | they have granted the management of that license to a third-
           | party) just to train AI models, then that opens a Pandora's
           | Box where _anyone_ can steal content to train their _own_
           | models, creating an environment where copyright is basically
           | meaningless. On the other hand, making it _not_ fair use
           | opens a _different_ Pandora 's Box, where these models have
           | to be trained in fundamentally different ways to create the
           | same outcome - and where countries like China, who
           | notoriously ignore copyright laws, can leap ahead of the
           | industry.
           | 
           | Almost like the problem is less AI, and more _overly broad
           | copyright laws_. Maybe the compromise is slashing that window
           | back down to something reasonable, like twenty to fifty years
           | or so, like how we deal with patents.
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | > Weird, I haven't gotten a check from OpenAI, Meta,
             | Anthropic, or any other AI company for any of my works yet,
             | nor have any of my writer, musician, developer, or
             | photographer friends who also self-publish without
             | permissive licenses that would allow for such use.
             | 
             | Can you tell me the specific number of dollars that would
             | be?
             | 
             | I interpreted "pay the price of each copyrighted work" as
             | the sale price, a criticism of things like meta's piracy.
             | 
             | If there was a mandatory licensing regime that AI could
             | use, and there was an exact answer for what the payment
             | would be, I think it might make sense to use "the price" to
             | talk about that license. But right now in today's world
             | it's very confusing to use "the price" to talk about a
             | hypothetical negotiation that has not happened yet, where
             | many many works would never have a number available.
        
       | AnimalMuppet wrote:
       | "If what we're doing is not fair use, then we can't operate"? OK,
       | so? The world doesn't owe you the ability to operate the way you
       | are. So whether it breaks your business model has no bearing on
       | the question, which is, "is that fair use, or not?"
        
       | clipsy wrote:
       | Sounds great!
        
       | esafak wrote:
       | > National security hinges on unfettered access to AI training
       | data, OpenAI says.
       | 
       | If it's a Republican administration, yell "national security". If
       | it's Democratic, claims it's in the name of child safety.
        
         | 1659447091 wrote:
         | More like "national security/America first" vs "climate
         | change". Or just use "think about the children" for them both.
        
         | clipsy wrote:
         | "[N]ational security" and "child safety" both work quite well
         | on both parties in reality; that's why they're so popular.
        
       | aprilthird2021 wrote:
       | Maybe these idiot CEOs shouldn't have screamed from the rooftops
       | about how they can't wait till AI lets them fire all the plebs,
       | then maybe someone would actually care if their company is over
       | or not
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | I think there will be a huge change in public perception of
       | copyright in general, as increasingly more people realise that
       | everything is a derivative work.
        
         | beezlebroxxxxxx wrote:
         | Most people find the traditional explanation for copyright,
         | "everything emerges from the commons and eventually returns to
         | the commons, so artists and creators should be entitled to
         | ownership of intellectual property for a limited amount of
         | time." The problem becomes when "limited" is stretched from 5
         | years from moment of publishing, say, to an artist's life + 150
         | years. Most people find the former reasonable and the latter
         | ridiculous.
        
           | torginus wrote:
           | The problem is (almost) everything the US has a competitive
           | edge on is based on copyright.
           | 
           | I'm in Europe, and during the past few weeks with these
           | tariff upsets, I kinda realized the only thing I use or own
           | that are US-made are computers and software.
           | 
           | If someone could hack into Apple, download the schematics of
           | their chips and the source for their OS, and then post it on
           | the internet, after which a third party could sell commercial
           | products based on said data, there wouldn't be a
           | software/hardware economy around of very long.
        
             | beezlebroxxxxxx wrote:
             | > If someone could hack into Apple, download the schematics
             | of their chips and the source for their OS, and then post
             | it on the internet, after which a third party could sell
             | commercial products based on said data, there wouldn't be a
             | software/hardware economy around of very long.
             | 
             | Part of this tension arises out of a social understanding:
             | we want competition precisely because we value the way it
             | keeps an industry/nation "alive" --- there will be "winners
             | and losers"--- and yet we also want to balance that with a
             | coherent idea of ownership such that it's not just a
             | complete lawless free-for-all. In other words, we don't
             | want intellectual property to be _too_ strong because it 's
             | economically and culturally stultifying.
             | 
             | Business interests naturally seek the complete
             | nullification of competition, so they promote as strong as
             | possible copyright protections; while the vox populi
             | understands that common culture is the primordial goo that
             | all intellectual property arises out of and returns to and
             | finds copyright at base rather arbitrary. The legal,
             | political, and social, understanding of copyright we have
             | has arisen out of balancing these competing interests
             | (themselves in productive competition) understanding that
             | finding the right balance is precisely what has made a
             | country like America, for example, so successful.
             | 
             | That the balance seems so out of whack in the direction of
             | large and monopoly seeking business suggests the ways in
             | which large business interests exerts undo influence on the
             | legal and political landscape.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | The demand here for federal preemption of state law has nothing
       | to do with copyright. Copyright is entirely federal level today.
       | It has to do with preventing the use of AI to enable various
       | forms of oppression.[1] Plus the usual child porno stuff.
       | 
       | What AI companies are really worried about is a right of appeal
       | from decisions made by a computer. The EU has that. "
       | _Individuals should not be subject to a decision that is based
       | solely on automated processing (such as algorithms) and that is
       | legally binding or which significantly affects them. "_[2] This
       | moves the cost of LLM errors from the customer to the company
       | offering the service.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/09/california...
       | 
       | [2] https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-
       | protection/r...
        
         | dmix wrote:
         | > This moves the cost of LLM errors from the customer to the
         | company offering the service.
         | 
         | So does that mean AI companies are going to have
         | insurance/litigators like doctors and models will be heavily
         | lawyered to add more extensive guardrails. I'm assuming this
         | means not just OpenAI but any service that uses LLM APIs or
         | open models?
         | 
         | For ex: If a finance business pays to use an AI bot that
         | automates interacting with desktop UIs and that bot
         | accidentally deletes an important column in an Excel
         | spreadsheet, then the AI company is liable?
        
           | therealpygon wrote:
           | Conversely, would you suggest that if an AI driver has a
           | programming error and kills 20 people, that the person who
           | reserved the car should be required to enter into a "User
           | Agreement" that makes them take responsibility?
        
             | lvturner wrote:
             | If it's a "self driving car" that the person "owns" - Yes.
             | If it's a "Taxi service" that the person is using - No.
             | 
             | If it's a car they own, they (should) have the ability to
             | override the AI system and avoid the accident (ignoring
             | nuances) - therefore owning responsibility.
             | 
             | If it's a Taxi they would be in a position where they can't
             | interfere with the operation of the system - therefore the
             | taxi company owns the responsibility.
             | 
             | Rightly or wrongly, this model of intervention capability
             | is what that I'd use to answer these types of questions.
        
           | hirsin wrote:
           | No, the exact opposite. This says that if the AI that a bank
           | is paying for locks your bank account in error because your
           | name sounds <ethnicity with a lot of locked bank accounts>,
           | it's the banks problem to fix, not yours to just live with
           | (entirely. You still likely have a problem).
        
             | dmix wrote:
             | How is that the opposite of what I said?
             | 
             | > not just OpenAI but any service that uses LLM APIs or
             | open models
        
       | BenFranklin100 wrote:
       | Putting legal issues aside for a moment, I argue copyrighted
       | material should be considered fair use simply by virtue of the
       | enormous societal benefits LLMs/AI bring in making the vast
       | expanse of human knowledge accessible.
       | 
       | It's a major step forward for humanity.
        
         | cgio wrote:
         | And what is the argument on making that knowledge accessible
         | via LLMs vs directly? Why was it not accessible before?
        
           | nnnnico wrote:
           | its a radically different approach to knowledge search and
           | exploration than the previous "direct" alternatives like
           | search engines/indexes/nlp
        
             | Xelynega wrote:
             | The search engine wasn't the problem though, it was
             | paywalling the information so less people had access to it.
             | 
             | How do for-profit models served by for-profit companies
             | make information that was previously "pay to learn" more
             | accessible?
        
         | nickthegreek wrote:
         | Sure. And all outputs should be public domain and the service
         | should be free.
        
       | mojomark wrote:
       | LLM race may be over, but the AI race surely isn't. My baby seems
       | to have grown into a fully functioning intelligence without
       | reading the entire content of the internet. AI is not equivalent
       | to LLMs, silly, silly child.
        
       | Swizec wrote:
       | Funfact: The reason Hollywood is in California is because
       | Edison's camera patents didn't apply there. Altman might actually
       | have a good point - if your competition doesn't care about your
       | laws, you're in trouble.
       | 
       | https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/51722/thomas-edison-drov...
        
       | janalsncm wrote:
       | It seems really weird that Congress isn't making a law about
       | this. Instead, we're asking courts to contort old laws to apply
       | to something which is pretty different from the things they were
       | originally intended for. Or just asking the executive to make law
       | by diktat. Maybe letting the wealthiest and most powerful people
       | in the world will work out. Maybe not.
       | 
       | This issue is too complicated for Congress to handle? Too bad.
       | Offloading it to the president or a judge doesn't solve that
       | problem.
       | 
       | The world is becoming more and more complicated and we need smart
       | people who can figure out how things work, not a retirement
       | community.
        
       | sashank_1509 wrote:
       | Still not convinced how a model training on data, is not the same
       | as a human looking at that data and then using it indirectly as
       | it's now a part of his knowledge base
        
         | sumedh wrote:
         | The scale is different.
         | 
         | Should the rules for owning a gun which can fire 1 round per
         | hour be the same as a gun which can fire 1 million rounds per
         | hour?
        
       | hereme888 wrote:
       | Move to a different state.
       | 
       | Is it so unrealistic? Many companies and people leave beautiful
       | Cali due to over-regulation.
        
       | holografix wrote:
       | "We want more regulation! AI is too dangerous, too powerful for
       | any person off the street to use!"
       | 
       | Meanwhile exact same guy in Europe:
       | 
       | "Less regulation! You are strangling our innovation!"
        
       | raminf wrote:
       | Wonder if the rules will protect the information providers or the
       | consumers.
        
       | henry2023 wrote:
       | I just canceled my OpenAI subscriptions over this.
        
       | sfmike wrote:
       | Closed ai
        
       | chvid wrote:
       | The full 15-page proposal from OpenAI to the White House:
       | 
       | https://cdn.openai.com/global-affairs/ostp-rfi/ec680b75-d539...
        
       | hbfdhfdhadfhnfa wrote:
       | First they should investigate the fake suicide!
        
       | austin-cheney wrote:
       | A slippery slope to eliminate copyright out right. The argument
       | made is that AI is somehow more special and will otherwise lose
       | to competition with China.
       | 
       | The flaw there is that AI is not more special than any other
       | endeavor while all other American markets must equally compete
       | with China.
       | 
       | What that failure means is that when anything is exceptional then
       | everything becomes exceptional because the economic conditions
       | apply equally and therefore bypassing copyright protections
       | applies equally to anybody facing external competition.
        
         | hansmayer wrote:
         | All of this, plus it's not even AI in the generic sense, it's
         | just very advanced text generation, or a certain application of
         | AI. So the chinese Gemini will offer to summarise e-mails at
         | lower cost, who cares?
        
         | glimshe wrote:
         | Copyrights are more often used to defend large corporations
         | than small creators. As long everybody has a level playing
         | field and individuals benefit from weaker copyright laws, it
         | might actually make the world a better place. I'm not arguing
         | for the complete elimination of copyright protections, but
         | today's laws, in particular copyright duration, are immoral.
         | This is as good of a starting point as any assuming OpenAI
         | isn't the only who gets to benefit from it.
        
           | hansmayer wrote:
           | ...right, lets make sure we protect the little,
           | undercapitalised startup OpenAI from the large corporations
           | holding them back :)
        
           | austin-cheney wrote:
           | > Copyrights are more often used to defend large corporations
           | than small creators.
           | 
           | Are there numbers to this or is it empty conjecture? The
           | reality is that resulting civil judgments apply the same
           | regardless of owner size, which benefits small owners
           | disproportionately to large owners with regard to windfall
           | versus regular revenue. That is OpenAI's principle concern:
           | they don't want to get sued into bankruptcy by numerous small
           | rights owners.
        
             | thedevilslawyer wrote:
             | Copyright significantly powers revenue to corporations than
             | individuals. Take music - this article show it's only 12%
             | to individual musicians.
             | 
             | https://www.rollingstone.com/pro/news/music-artists-
             | make-12-...
        
               | rich_sasha wrote:
               | Surely copyright isn't the _problem_ here. Without
               | copyright, music industry could pay nothing for the
               | music..? Just copy it with impunity.
               | 
               | Music industry, presumably, takes a bet on many
               | musicians, and only a few make it. The revenues made by
               | the successful ones effectively subsidise the
               | unsuccessful ones.
               | 
               | Also if musicians are so widely screwed by the bad
               | industry, why don't they create a cooperative agency that
               | treats them well? There's enough money sloshing around in
               | successful musicians' coffers.
        
           | codedokode wrote:
           | In a billion dollar company can use pirated books for a
           | business, should we allow them to use pirated software too?
           | Do you think that requiring a company to pay for Windows
           | license is "immoral"?
        
             | actionfromafar wrote:
             | Of course, how else could we train the neural networks to
             | run the programs?
             | 
             | /largest_company
        
             | thedevilslawyer wrote:
             | Ideally, software shouldn't be copyrightable, or patent-
             | able. It's what FOSS is based on (couldn't remove
             | copyright, so let's hack it via copyleft).
        
             | rich_sasha wrote:
             | Well, just you try not to pay for ChatGPT...
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | OpenAI has no moat. They're afraid of open source and want the
         | government to protect them.
         | 
         | Microsoft doesn't think they're very cool anymore.
         | 
         | Sam Altman is going to have one of the quickest falls from
         | grace in tech history. It's a shame he's using his time to try
         | to legislate a worse world for the rest of us.
        
           | actionfromafar wrote:
           | At the rate things are going in the US, "legislate" seems to
           | be largely replaced by "executive directive", so maybe you
           | don't have to worry about legislation. (We will still have
           | the worse world part, of course.)
        
       | quintes wrote:
       | Didn't read but
       | 
       | No
        
       | faragon wrote:
       | If a person can read copyrighted material and produce derivative
       | works, why not an AI?
        
         | piracymadelegal wrote:
         | Sure, so, can I make and sell my own Lilo and Stitch movie now?
         | It'll be even better than the one about to release, and all
         | that means is I'll deviate even less.
        
           | thedevilslawyer wrote:
           | This was settled prior to LLMs - you can't do that because
           | the characters names are copyrighted. LLMs change nothing
           | here.
        
         | hansmayer wrote:
         | Because - well a person can read copyrighted material it
         | legally obtained the _rights_ to, for example by purchasing a
         | hard or electronic copy of the book or magazine. Alternatively,
         | and according to the laws worldwide, if a person were to engage
         | in massive theft for the purpose of  "reading" all available
         | copyrighted materials in the world, by obtaining copyrighted
         | material without permission and consent of the copyright
         | holder, they would be at least paying heavy fines, and in most
         | jurisdictions also spend at least a few years in jail. Why
         | should the same not apply to corporations and their executives?
        
           | jemmyw wrote:
           | I don't think there is actually a law anywhere that says you
           | need to obtain the rights to copyright material to read/view
           | them. The person or organisation showing it to you, which
           | might be yourself, needs to have a license. Otherwise things
           | like libraries couldn't exist and you wouldn't be allowed to
           | lend books or even have books in your house that other family
           | members can read.
           | 
           | Not saying that particularly impacts your argument about
           | OpenAI, because an LLM in training is not a person. It is
           | transforming data from one format to another for later
           | consumption by people. Therefore they probably would need a
           | license.
        
             | hansmayer wrote:
             | I mean, look at it this way. Let's say you purchase a Woody
             | Allen film on DVD. Will anyone seriously prosecute you for
             | watching it at home together with your friends? No, that
             | falls within normal usage. But let's say you now organise a
             | local watching event with the same DVD for 200 people in a
             | hall somewhere, and charge everyone, whatever, $6 - just to
             | cover the hall expenses. Will you be prosecuted? Very
             | likely. Libraries are probably under some sort of "fair
             | use" regulation due to public interest and such. They don't
             | quite generate profit with their line of work - nor should
             | they!
        
               | jemmyw wrote:
               | Right, but those 200 people won't be prosecuted for
               | watching it, which was my point. The example I was
               | thinking about when posting would be putting up a copy of
               | copyright art in a public place. The people in the public
               | place are not breaking the law by looking at it, only the
               | person who placed it... well even then, would the workers
               | who put it up be liable? Probably not, it's not
               | reasonable for someone who puts up billboards to check
               | the copyright license.
        
               | hansmayer wrote:
               | I do agree with this example in general. But I guess from
               | my point of view, the OpenAI comes across more like the
               | person enabling the use of copyrighted art, and would
               | thus be subject to copyright regulations. Their users I'd
               | see rather as the people viewing the art in public,
               | perhaps unaware of the copyright restrictions. But it
               | also seems like these discussions in themselves are a bit
               | of distraction. If the LLMs worked exactly as they are
               | being hyped up for the third year now, I think we all
               | would get behind the effort. Who would care about
               | copyrights if a magic machine could lead us into the so-
               | called post-scarcity world, right? But sadly it does not
               | appear to be nowhere near that goal, nor will it be,
               | based on what we know about how the technology works. So
               | here we are, discussing if mechanical parrots should read
               | our books :)
        
         | regularjack wrote:
         | People have to pay for it
        
         | jemmyw wrote:
         | Because the AI is not a person. It doesn't seem like we're
         | anywhere near AGI that could be considered a person. Training
         | an LLM is taking existing content and transforming it into
         | another format for later consumption by a person. That person
         | can run prompts against the LLM to create derivative work, the
         | LLM itself doesn't run prompts or do anything at all.
         | 
         | I don't know much about the legal side, but it seems to me,
         | from the above, that the laws for copyright for LLMs should
         | apply to the company training the LLM as if they're creating a
         | derivative work that they will later sell or license for other
         | people to interact with.
        
         | austin-cheney wrote:
         | Copyright does not restrict consumption. It only restricts
         | reproduction. To restrict consumption you need a patent.
        
           | thedevilslawyer wrote:
           | Good then that LLMs don't reproduce content.
        
             | someothherguyy wrote:
             | They produce derivative works, which is also an exclusive
             | right of a copyright holder.
        
               | menaerus wrote:
               | If I derive my work using multiple sources, do all the
               | copyright holders from these multiple sources have an
               | exclusive right on my work? How otherwise would people
               | build a knowledge on some topic and then apply that
               | knowledge to build a product if not by reading bunch of
               | (book) material and studying other similar products?
        
               | someothherguyy wrote:
               | If they can prove it in court. Would be much easier to do
               | for a LLM than for a human one would think.
        
               | someothherguyy wrote:
               | In case there is confusion about the law:
               | 
               | https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ14.pdf
               | 
               | If you want to change it, good luck.
               | 
               | Personally, I think that most intellectual works should
               | be able to be derived from others and shared freely after
               | a brief period of time (like 7-14 years).
        
           | someothherguyy wrote:
           | > It only restricts reproduction
           | 
           | and distribution.
        
         | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
         | > ... a person can read copyrighted material
         | 
         | Yes, after paying for it.
        
       | hansmayer wrote:
       | I just wish they understood they are limited not by the content
       | available, but by the intrinsic characteristics of the
       | architecture and algorithms of LLMs. It's just not the AGI that
       | will magically open it's eyes one day.The sooner we stop burning
       | billions of dollars on it, the better.
        
       | xrd wrote:
       | The follow-on prompt was "add the word freedom a lot more."
        
         | hansmayer wrote:
         | ... sprinkle in a lot of "strategy" too, to make the reader
         | seem like they are smart. Lay "America/Americans" even thicker,
         | to combine with the sense of higher purpose, i.e. patriotism.
        
       | nomilk wrote:
       | Wonder how much the addition of copyrighted material affects how
       | smart the resulting model is. If it's even 20% better LLM makers
       | could be forced out of the US into jurisdictions that allow use
       | of copyrighted data.
       | 
       | I suspect most LLM users will ~always choose the smartest model.
        
         | regularjack wrote:
         | All of it is copyrighted material
        
         | noosphr wrote:
         | The jump from llama2 to llama3 had something to do with meta
         | downloading every textbook ever published and using it as
         | training data.
         | 
         | The arguments by meta so far in that court case are absolutely
         | terrible and I'm half expecting to see the world's first
         | trillion dollar copyright infringement award.
        
           | Palmik wrote:
           | Incorrect. Llama 1 trained on books3 dataset.
        
         | srg0 wrote:
         | > most LLM users will ~always choose the smartest model
         | 
         | Most LLM users will choose the cheapest model which is good
         | enough.
         | 
         | I think that LLMs' performance is already "good enough" for a
         | lot of applications. We're in the diminishing returns part of
         | the curve.
         | 
         | There are two other concerns:
         | 
         | 1. being able to run the model on trusted infrastructure
         | locally (so some jerk won't turn it off on a whim, and the data
         | will remain safe and comply with the local data protection laws
         | and policies)
         | 
         | 2. having good tools to create AI applications (like how easy
         | it is to fine-tune it to customer needs)
         | 
         | > how much the addition of copyrighted material affects how
         | smart the resulting model is
         | 
         | Copyrighted material improve the models, not by making it
         | smart, but more factually correct, because it will be trained
         | on reputable, reliable and up-to-date sources.
        
       | csomar wrote:
       | > An export control strategy that exports democratic AI: For
       | countries seeking access to American AI, we propose a strategy
       | that would apply a commercial growth lens--both Total and
       | Serviceable Addressable Markets--to proactively promote the
       | global adoption of American AI systems and with them, the
       | freedoms they create. At the same time, the strategy would use
       | export controls to protect America's AI lead, including by making
       | updates to the AI diffusion rule.
       | 
       | What a bunch of gibberish hot garbage.
        
         | isaacremuant wrote:
         | It works for comedy without changing a word. Impressive.
        
       | iamsaitam wrote:
       | If this happens, I hope they get banned in Europe. This is
       | unacceptable.
        
       | thiago_fm wrote:
       | This is so wrong in so many levels.
       | 
       | But given that Trump clearly seems aligned with technobros, I
       | wouldn't be surprised.
       | 
       | This will be good for the rest of the world, though. Other
       | countries will be less likely to be aligned to US, end of US
       | imperialism has been just speed up little by little.
        
       | regularjack wrote:
       | The arrogance of these people is without end.
        
       | antonkar wrote:
       | Basically stole almost whole output of humanity both dead and
       | alive, put it in their Frankenstein Monsters' ever growing brains
       | and now want to let em roam unsupervised longer and longer (AI
       | agents) and continue to steal things.
       | 
       | Taking away human freedoms and giving em to agents 101
        
         | thedevilslawyer wrote:
         | What stealing? None of the original content is gone. Perhaps
         | "infringement" is a more apt word.
        
           | antonkar wrote:
           | Yes, if you'll infringe like they, you'll be in jail forever
        
             | thedevilslawyer wrote:
             | Ignoring the non-sequitur on jail, I guess you're affirming
             | that it's not stealing?
        
               | antonkar wrote:
               | Most people will call it stealing, lawyers will find a
               | way to call it differently.
               | 
               | So, you're affirming that you can steal almost the whole
               | creative output of humanity and not sit in jail your
               | whole life?)
               | 
               | They not just stole or infringed, they profit from it,
               | replace and compete with the very from whom they stole
               | (or whom they infringed as you prefer calling it).
               | 
               | The model is like their private library they don't allow
               | you to enter or see, instead they have a strict librarian
               | who spits hallucinated quotes at you.
               | 
               | The problem is in that. They are not Robbin Hoods who
               | steal to share with the poor. They steal from the poor to
               | make the rich richer. To enrich themselves, grab human
               | freedoms and give those freedoms and more to AI agents.
               | 
               | You cannot steal the whole output of humanity and put in
               | your brain. AI agents and companies already have
               | massively more rights and freedoms than you and it's
               | gonna get much worse.
               | 
               | There is a narrow way through dystopias because
               | intelligence is inherently static and non-agentic (think
               | static 4d spacetime of a universe), we can open the
               | Library and empower people by making models explorable
               | like 3D games
        
       | deepsummer wrote:
       | I think an AI should be treated like a human. A human can consume
       | copyright material (possibly after paying for it), but not
       | reproduce it. I don't see any reason why the same can't be true
       | for an AI.
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | Then, we should also put the AI in jail when it's breaking
         | copyright laws. Or being an accessory to breaking copyright
         | law.
        
           | deepsummer wrote:
           | An AI that's breaking copyright laws shouldn't be legal. So
           | yes, it's kind of like putting it in jail.
        
         | nness wrote:
         | The issue is so much about consumption of copyright material,
         | but acquisition of that material.
         | 
         | Like a real person, AI companies need to adhere to IP and
         | license or purchase the materials that they wish to consume. If
         | AI companies licensed all materials they acquired for training
         | purposes, this would be a non-issue.
         | 
         | OpenAI are looking for a free pass to break copyright law, and
         | through that, also avoid any issues that would arise through
         | reproduction.
        
           | Palmik wrote:
           | A real person wouldn't have to pay to read random blog,
           | Reddit comments, StackOverflow answers or code on GitHub
           | (many open source licenses do not imply license for
           | training).
           | 
           | They might have to pay for books, or use a library.
           | 
           | Should these cases be treated differently? If so, it might
           | lead to more closed internet with even more paywalls.
        
             | alphabettsy wrote:
             | I think those are less of an issue. They want to train on
             | paywalled news articles, magazines and books. In addition
             | to other media that the average person would have to pay
             | for or would otherwise have limitations applied.
        
               | Palmik wrote:
               | In my opinion, if any copyright related rule is applied
               | to books or other paywalled content, it should equally
               | apply any Joe Shmoe's blog or code on GitHub.
        
       | srg0 wrote:
       | Copyrighted material includes works by authors from outside the
       | US. By Berne convention, the exceptions which any country may
       | introduce must not "conflict with a normal exploitation of the
       | work" and "unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the
       | author". So if at least one French author does license their work
       | for AI training, then any exception of this kind will harm their
       | legitimate interests and rob them of potential income from normal
       | exploitation of the work.
       | 
       | If the US can harm authors from other countries, then other
       | countries may be willing to reciprocate to American copyright
       | holders, and introduce exceptions which allow free use of the US
       | copyrighted material for some specific purposes they deem
       | important.
       | 
       | IANAL, but it is a slippery slope, and it may hurt everyone. Who
       | has more to lose?
       | 
       | And I hope that Mistral.AI takes note.
        
         | thedevilslawyer wrote:
         | > then any exception of this kind will harm their legitimate
         | interests
         | 
         | Pray tell what legitimate interest of the author is harmed by
         | LLM's training on that work? No one is publishing the authors
         | book.
        
           | Palmik wrote:
           | What I think the parent meant is the interest to sell license
           | to others to train on their data.
        
             | srg0 wrote:
             | Exactly. Some copyright holders do license their work for
             | AI training. It certainly happens in the music industry,
             | but I don't see why texts would be any different. The
             | exception would harm their business.
        
               | thedevilslawyer wrote:
               | Example please? It's always been fair use to train on
               | accessible data. It's how for eg: so much of research has
               | been going on for decades.
        
           | pintxo wrote:
           | The legitimate interest that there does not exist a tool that
           | allows any random person to create art in the same style as
           | she does? Which could arguably devalue their offering?
        
             | thedevilslawyer wrote:
             | No such interest has been granted by copyright. You can
             | create a painting today in the style of any trending artist
             | without issues.
        
       | ksynwa wrote:
       | I don't think I've ever read anything this disingenuous
        
       | ThatMedicIsASpy wrote:
       | You steal from others and make them pay - constant scraping cost
       | money (traffic, server load, scraping protection). Then you
       | should only be allowed to release open source models.
        
         | gloxkiqcza wrote:
         | A ruling that only open source models can freely use
         | copyrighted data for training would be a funny outcome and a
         | big F you to OpenAI. I don't expect it to happen but an
         | interesting thought nonetheless.
        
       | megamix wrote:
       | Can anyone also use copyrighted source code, e.g. from OpenAI?
        
       | megamix wrote:
       | Can anyone also use copyrighted source code, e.g. from OpenAI?
        
       | someothherguyy wrote:
       | Yeah, shorten the terms of copyright on original works by about
       | 90%, and call it a win for everyone except for rights holders.
        
         | fmajid wrote:
         | Rights holders are the economically marginal tail wagging the
         | dog due to the disproportionate political power of content
         | industries. All of Hollywood's annual revenues represented 2
         | weeks of telcos' SMS revenue back when you paid per message.
        
       | bambax wrote:
       | The original link has apparently been changed to a content-free
       | Yahoo post, for some reason only known to "moderators", which
       | makes existing comments bizarre to read.
       | 
       | The original link pointed to this OpenAI document:
       | 
       | https://openai.com/global-affairs/openai-proposals-for-the-u...
       | 
       | It contains this remarkable phrase:
       | 
       | > _For innovation to truly create new freedoms, America's
       | builders, developers, and entrepreneurs--our nation's greatest
       | competitive advantage--must first have the freedom to innovate in
       | the national interest._
       | 
       | I don't think people need "new freedoms". They need their
       | existing freedoms, that are threatened everywhere and esp. by the
       | new administration, to be respected.
       | 
       | And I would argue that America's greatest strength isn't their
       | "builders"; it's its ability to produce BS at such a massive
       | scale (and believe in it).
       | 
       | This OpenAI "proposal" is a masterpiece of BS. An American
       | masterpiece.
        
       | fmajid wrote:
       | Well, if we finally have hundred-billion-dollar corporations
       | pushing back on the copyfight around the continual expansion of
       | copyright (e.g. the congressman for Disney, Sonny Bono) or
       | abusive laws like DMCA, that's a welcome development.
        
       | Yizahi wrote:
       | Steal content and then ask god for forgiveness. Works like a
       | charm :)
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | >liability protections
       | 
       | The industry that just ran roughshod over a couple million
       | copyright holders intentionally despite knowing it is on legal
       | shaky ground now wants liability protection for itself?
       | 
       | Bunch of immoral shysters...
        
       | ragebol wrote:
       | If you can't play by the rules, don't play the game.
        
       | code_runner wrote:
       | Its sort of crazy to think about how big tech companies have a
       | smaller and smaller window to be a "fun" and interesting
       | story/idea. Facebook was pretty fun for a bit, google was
       | obviously an idea factory for a while and even stuff like the
       | doodles were a big deal.
       | 
       | Stuff like Uber and AirBnB were controversial at some levels but
       | still generally "game changers" in specific industries and it was
       | fun/interesting to be early adopters.
       | 
       | OpenAI was under the radar IRT public consciousness pre-
       | gpt3.5.... we all had fun w/ chatGPT... and then immediately OAI
       | starts generating headlines that are not fun/inventive/quirky. A
       | lot of regulatory stuff, governments around the world. Instant
       | globalization + general horror.
        
         | interactivecode wrote:
         | There is so much "fun" to be had without new regulation
         | shooting you down immediately. It's just that when you (or your
         | niche) gets to a large enough size where it (might) impact
         | enough people negatively. Regulations are needed. And if you
         | ask me very sensible.
         | 
         | OpenAI has about 400 million weekly users at the moment. Can
         | you imagine the regulations you would have to comply with if
         | you want to serve 400 million sandwiches? or just run a parking
         | lot for 400 million cars or literally anything else.
        
           | enriquec wrote:
           | IMO - this mentality kills good* innovation.
        
             | baconbrand wrote:
             | Innovation is not an inherently good thing.
        
             | madsbuch wrote:
             | Yep, let's wing serving 400 million sandwiches - whatever
             | the risk that the US population dies of salmonella or
             | listeria.
             | 
             | Anyways, one of the things about growing up is realizing
             | that there is more to the world than just innovation.
        
               | enriquec wrote:
               | I think one of the things about growing up is accepting
               | personal responsibility and not looking at the
               | government/daddy to protect you from everything. If I
               | sell 400 million skateboards - do we need a regulatory
               | board to approve skateboard design changes?
               | 
               | I'm sure millions of people make unregulated sandwiches
               | at home just fine.
        
               | madsbuch wrote:
               | There is a concept I'd recommend you to get familiar
               | with: Systemic risk.
               | 
               | Nobody really cares about you and your sandwich.
               | 
               | But whenever we introduce single point of risk into the
               | society these needs to be managed.
               | 
               | Fair enough, you are personally responsible and don't eat
               | the sandwich.
               | 
               | The rest of the US was not.
               | 
               | - at least you retain your right to claim "What did I
               | say".
        
               | danlivingston wrote:
               | Yeah, making sure there's a standard of cleanliness or
               | food safety in restaurants seems kind of pointless,
               | right? If the consumer eats that food, it's their fault
               | for sure.
        
               | rsoto2 wrote:
               | I mean, I didn't get poisoned my whole life! Let's get
               | rid of all the regulations obviously they are useless.
        
               | cylemons wrote:
               | Well, even without regulations, restaurants that poison
               | their customers will have bad reputation and go out of
               | business.
               | 
               | So the market incentivizes cost cutting but not too much
               | of it.
        
               | meigwilym wrote:
               | The market doesn't protect all those kids who were maimed
               | or died trying out your regulation-free skateboard.
               | 
               | A basic level of safety might mean that your skateboards
               | sell faster, now that parents don't have to risk the
               | health of their offspring.
        
               | baby_souffle wrote:
               | > I think one of the things about growing up is accepting
               | personal responsibility
               | 
               | What could I have done here to know that the sandwich is
               | contaminated with salmonella before eating it?
        
               | jppittma wrote:
               | I can see a world where there's a private alternative to
               | the FDA going around and certifying that food is safe for
               | consumption. I just know that the world before the FDA
               | didn't have one, and the FDA works well enough that I'm
               | not willing to find out. I think this has a lot of
               | parallels to software - if it ain't broke don't fix it.
        
               | DrFalkyn wrote:
               | And that organization would be bought off by Big Food
               | quickly
        
               | cylemons wrote:
               | That is a really good point, what would be the business
               | model of such an organization? Who funds them?
               | 
               | If it is the government, then that is just the FDA with
               | extra steps
               | 
               | I could imagine food companies funding it to keep their
               | competitors in check, don't know how likely that is in
               | practice
               | 
               | Maybe there could be a way to make the consumer pay for
               | the service. Provide a website where customers pay a fee,
               | enter the name of the product/restaurant then get their
               | safety levels. You could even include fancy graphs and
               | charts to sweeten the deal. How to do that profitably I
               | dont know.
        
               | _Algernon_ wrote:
               | >I think one of the things about growing up is accepting
               | personal responsibility and not looking at the
               | government/daddy to protect you from everything. If I
               | sell 400 million skateboards - do we need a regulatory
               | board to approve skateboard design changes?
               | 
               | Yes, especially if your target market for those
               | skateboard are kids / minors.
               | 
               | >I'm sure millions of people make unregulated sandwiches
               | at home just fine.
               | 
               | If someone makes a sandwich for themselves incentives are
               | aligned to prevent unhygienic practices. I'm not going to
               | cut corners to maximize some different measure. If some
               | restaurant produces food for me, they are incentivized to
               | maximize profit margin, which is not directly aligned
               | with my desire for non-dangerous food.
        
               | snozolli wrote:
               | _I 'm sure millions of people make unregulated sandwiches
               | at home just fine._
               | 
               | You're on the verge of uncovering the actual meaning of
               | personal responsibility.
        
               | jppittma wrote:
               | What I hate about this argument is that the FDA does not
               | predate civilization. In fact, it's a relatively recent
               | development. Not only has this idea been tried, but
               | throughout most of human history, people lived in the
               | world you describe, died of salmonella, and the people
               | who lived in that world decided they'd be better if that
               | wasn't a thing anymore.
        
               | madsbuch wrote:
               | In the world predating didn't have single factories
               | serving hundreds of millions of people - such a
               | concentration of risk very much merits a FDA.
               | 
               | It is all about risk.
               | 
               | FDA _enables_ civilization to grow above a certain
               | threshold.
        
               | CaptArmchair wrote:
               | > personal responsibility
               | 
               | A sense of personal responsibility dilutes very quickly
               | as more people get involved. This is a well researched
               | dynamic in groups and collectives.
               | 
               | As it turns out, it's very easy to rationalize your own
               | actions if you can defer your responsibility to a wider
               | context. On an operational level: "My job - HR, SRE
               | engineering, project management,... - didn't hurt
               | anyone.", "I received an industry award last year for my
               | work",... On a strategic level: "Too many people rely on
               | us, so we can't fail.", "Our original mission didn't
               | change.", "Our mission was, is and will be a net
               | positive", ... Not just that, actually being convinced
               | that those rationalizations are 100% true, and not being
               | able to consciously notice how your own actions in a
               | small, or large, way contribute to a negative impact.
               | Just listen to testimonies of these people, the truly are
               | convinced to their core that their work is a net positive
               | for humanity.
               | 
               | > If I sell 400 million skateboards - do we need a
               | regulatory board to approve skateboard design changes?
               | 
               | Suppose your design involves a wonky wheel. If you sell
               | 10 skateboards, and 1 person falls, breaks their leg and
               | decides to sue you for damages: that's a private problem
               | between you and that person. If you sell 400 million
               | skateboards, and millions of people people break their
               | leg: that's a problem for the entirety of society.
               | 
               | Safety is also why car design is heavily regulated. Not
               | necessarily to ensure individual safety, but to make sure
               | that society, as a whole, isn't crippled by hundreds of
               | thousands of people requiring care or getting killed in
               | car accidents.
               | 
               | If you are able to sell 400 million skateboards, I sure
               | hope there are regulations that enforce the safety of
               | your product design.
        
               | rsoto2 wrote:
               | Part of the thing about growing up is realizing that you
               | are a PRIVELEGED little product of a stable society. And
               | maybe it's worth caring about others in that society
               | instead of "corporate innovation" that threatens to fully
               | destabilize said society.
        
               | enriquec wrote:
               | You don't know anything about me. By the way, how many
               | regulators/states have "fully destabilized" society
               | through war and genocide?
        
               | rsoto2 wrote:
               | google survivorship bias
        
               | bugglebeetle wrote:
               | What I always find hilarious about these naive
               | libertarian types is they never even bother to check
               | their hypotheticals against reality. For example,
               | FutureMotion had to have a regulatory body intervene
               | because they were killing and injuring people with their
               | skateboard designs:
               | 
               | https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/oct/03/future-
               | motion-...
               | 
               | So the answer to your question is, "yes, that needs to
               | and did happen."
        
               | andruby wrote:
               | > I'm sure millions of people make unregulated sandwiches
               | at home just fine.
               | 
               | Very little about that sandwich is unregulated. The bread
               | they bought in the store is regulated. Whatever they put
               | on the sandwich is regulated.
               | 
               | Without the FDA, companies would put profits above food
               | safety.
        
               | sensanaty wrote:
               | This is a nice fantasy, it's just a shame we live in a
               | world full of psychotic C-suites that would do anything
               | and everything they could if it meant the magic line goes
               | up half a percentage point. I guess you could just "take
               | personal responsibility" to not drink polluted water
               | tainted by unfiltered chemical dumps, but I'd much rather
               | we tell companies to get bent when they try pollute
               | rivers and lakes en-masse to save a buck.
        
         | fsndz wrote:
         | DeepSeek Really Shattered OpenAI to Its Core. It's funny
         | because a few weeks back, in response to Elon Musk's attempt to
         | buy OpenAI, Sam Altman responded: 'I wish he would just compete
         | by building a better product.' https://medium.com/thoughts-on-
         | machine-learning/openai-is-go...
        
       | trevor-e wrote:
       | The easiest logical way I can make sense of this problem is to
       | apply it to humans. Copyrighted material has tremendously
       | impacted my thinking and work, but I had to pay to access it. And
       | as long as I'm not publishing copies of the copyrighted work,
       | derivative work seems to be fair use. This seems fair for
       | everyone, if they want to train on a resource then they should
       | pay for it.
       | 
       | The only angle I can see this working for OpenAI is pushing the
       | anti-China national security threat narrative, which I expect to
       | see a lot more of this year (especially with this
       | administration). While I personally hate that, I can definitely
       | see how AI + drones are the obvious future in warfare, so I don't
       | think it's that far-fetched to work.
        
       | ein0p wrote:
       | Something is telling me getting anything favorable out of the
       | White House with sama at the helm is going to be extremely
       | difficult for OpenAI:
       | https://x.com/sama/status/787847722514526208
        
       | SebFender wrote:
       | This dudes (can't write his name) way of thinking on content
       | disrupts fair use by scaling copyrighted material consumption
       | without clear boundaries - and somebody needs to stop this.
       | 
       | Unlike human-driven transformation, AI replicates patterns,
       | creating derivative works that compete with originals.
       | 
       | OpenAI profits from this without compensating creators,
       | undermining economic incentives for human creativity altogether.
       | 
       | All this instead of relying on fair use, it should pursue
       | licensing to uphold intellectual property rights - and if that
       | doesn't work it then means the business plan is bad.
       | 
       | It's just like saying - "If I need to pay for the food, I won't
       | be able to make my plates."
       | 
       | Bad plan - bad business.
        
       | bhanks wrote:
       | Begs the question what the founder's intent was with the 10th
       | amendment. I'd say it covers AI until you get federal dollars
       | tied to it.
        
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