[HN Gopher] Statistical Formulas for Programmers (2013)
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       Statistical Formulas for Programmers (2013)
        
       Author : Tomte
       Score  : 156 points
       Date   : 2025-03-13 14:09 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.evanmiller.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.evanmiller.org)
        
       | mcphage wrote:
       | The article "How Not To Sort By Average Rating" by the same
       | author (and also linked in this article) is really good, and
       | definitely changed my thinking about any kind of "sort by best to
       | worst" list: https://www.evanmiller.org/how-not-to-sort-by-
       | average-rating...
        
         | Joker_vD wrote:
         | Hm. I wonder how well would "Score = [Positive ratings] /
         | ([Total ratings] + 1)" fare.
        
           | mcphage wrote:
           | It'll help some, but I don't think enough--it's way, way
           | easier to get a good score on a small number of ratings than
           | a large number. And the span on the number of ratings is
           | several orders of magnitude--for instance, on Amazon you can
           | do a search and get back products with less than 10 ratings
           | along side products with over 10,000 ratings.
        
       | snitzr wrote:
       | Why isn't 7 greater than 5?
        
         | dlivingston wrote:
         | Sounds like you should read the article. :)
         | 
         | Kidding. The idea is that there may be some statistical
         | uncertainty associated with the measurement of 7, and also of
         | 5, and so the "real" value of 7 may actually be less than the
         | "real" value of 5.
        
         | DeepSeaTortoise wrote:
         | Statistics gave him the superpower of predicting the future:
         | 
         | https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/fight-club-57-movie
        
           | glitchc wrote:
           | That's hilarious!
        
             | avg_dev wrote:
             | yes, and informative. i was looking at the article and i
             | thought everything made sense but i could tell i was
             | missing something about this line...
        
         | senkora wrote:
         | Treat them as two draws from possibly different, independent
         | distributions.
         | 
         | The question is whether the distribution that drew 7
         | "stochastically dominates" the distribution that drew 5. You
         | may or may not be able to conclude that based on the available
         | data and assumptions about the distributions.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_dominance
         | 
         | For example, if you assume that the two distributions are
         | approximately normal with very small variances, then you can
         | probably conclude that the distribution that drew 7
         | stochastically dominates the distribution that drew 5. But if
         | you assume that the variances are large, then you probably
         | can't conclude that.
        
       | bob1029 wrote:
       | I'd add z-score (standard score) to your tool belt. The ability
       | to identify or reject outliers is invaluable when trying to
       | stabilize real-world business processes.
       | 
       | For example, if you are building heuristics that determine if a
       | customer's bank account is "reasonably active", you may not want
       | to consider very small transactions unless that is typical
       | activity for a given customer.
        
         | mont_tag wrote:
         | Another simple tool that gives you superpowers is a Q-Q plot.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-Q_plot
        
           | Toenex wrote:
           | Personally always loved me a Bland-Altman plot
           | (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bland-Altman_plot)
        
       | cmdrmac wrote:
       | This is certainly a very useful resource - even for a seasoned
       | data scientist!
        
       | Terr_ wrote:
       | I think I avoid imposter syndrome in some areas, but Not Enough
       | Real Math is definitely a weak spot.
       | 
       | When people start talking about eigenvalues, I'm just a business-
       | rule caveman with a little discrete-math unga bunga.
       | 
       | This kind of statistical stuff falls somewhere in-between.
        
         | MrLeap wrote:
         | Eigenvalues are a topic in linear algebra. They're coefficients
         | you can put in front of some matrices or vectors that change
         | their magnitude.
         | 
         | Linear Algebra was the most useful and fun math class I took in
         | college. Highly recommended if you ever wanna do gamedev. It's
         | more approachable than you probably think.
         | 
         | For me, when people start talking about differential equations,
         | specifically the symbols you'll see in a wikipedia article
         | about Navier Stokes equations, I'm just a business-rule caveman
         | with a little linear algebra zug zug.
        
       | armanboyaci wrote:
       | >Being able to apply statistics is like having a secret
       | superpower.
       | 
       | I totally with this sentence. _BUT_ If you ask for my opinion,
       | merely knowing a list of statistical formulas is not very
       | helpful. Most of the time, people don't remember the underlying
       | assumptions, so there is a fair chance they will use them in
       | inappropriate situations.
       | 
       | I recommend watching these two YouTube videos. The presenters
       | advocate using simulation/bootstrapping/shuffling methods instead
       | of memorizing formulas.
       | 
       | Jake Vanderplas - Statistics for Hackers
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iq9DzN6mvYA
       | 
       | John Rauser - Statistics Without the Agonizing Pain
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Dnw46eC-0o
        
         | wodenokoto wrote:
         | While I really liked the video by vanderplas, I did return to
         | it after a year or two and paused every time he presented a
         | problem and then tried to solve it using for loops and thinking
         | hard.
         | 
         | I barely succeeded in any of it. So at that point just look up
         | the formula instead of bootstrapping.
         | 
         | I'll give the second one a shot too.
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | > The presenters advocate using
         | simulation/bootstrapping/shuffling methods instead of
         | memorizing formulas.
         | 
         | Yeah, I often find it much easier to make a little Python
         | script to do 10,000 monte-carlo trial, as opposed to properly"
         | working things out and then not even being confident-enough in
         | my result anyway.
        
         | mont_tag wrote:
         | IIRC, Jake's video inspired the example section in the Python
         | random module docs. It takes about 15 minutes with those
         | examples to learn how to put Jake's ideas into practice.
         | https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html#examples .
        
       | TheHideout wrote:
       | FYI, using this stuff without understanding Test Power is
       | dangerous and can lead to making bad decisions with false
       | confidence.
        
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