[HN Gopher] Amateur Telescope Making Main Page
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       Amateur Telescope Making Main Page
        
       Author : Tomte
       Score  : 196 points
       Date   : 2025-03-13 10:43 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (stellafane.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (stellafane.org)
        
       | nextts wrote:
       | Like the 90s style photos. Colour profile were different on those
       | old cameras right? Adds some character.
        
         | Hokulea wrote:
         | The website layout is kinda 90s too ;)
         | 
         | Impressive stuff though, coming from a former professional
         | astronomer who never built a telescope from scratch.
        
       | paulbrowne wrote:
       | 14 requests, 500kb total size
        
       | chantepierre wrote:
       | Telescope making is much alive and there are communities of
       | people (even young people) making their first mirrors right now.
       | Most find their entry in the hobby via the forums (CloudyNights's
       | ATM, Optics & DIY forum, Stargazerslounge, Astrosurf,
       | Astrotreff.de) and amateur mirror maker Discord channels are
       | popping up.
       | 
       | I also recommend anyone wanting to grind their first mirror to
       | read about modern ways of testing in addition to all the classic
       | books (Texereau, Sam Brown, Lecleire) about mirror making.
       | 
       | Bath interferometers changed the game and allow to reach l/10
       | wavefront with certainty and repeatability compared to Foucault
       | testing. They are affordable and there's a healthy community
       | around DFTFringe, the de-facto standard interferogram analysis
       | software at interferometry.groups.io
       | 
       | You can also find a Foucault + Ronchi + Bath combo tester's plans
       | on Printables.com and a companion three-axis-table, allowing
       | great testing ergonomics for a low cost if you have access to 3D
       | Printing.
       | 
       | The best resources on how to setup a Bath Inteferometer can be
       | found on the GAP47's website (french, but machine translatable)
       | and GR5's YouTube channel.
       | 
       | Have fun :)
        
         | bhickey wrote:
         | My club, the Amateur Telescope Makers of Boston (atmob.org),
         | holds weekly mirror grinding sessions at our clubhouse. Along
         | with another club member I'm working on a diffracting telescope
         | and hope to see first light this spring.
        
           | itishappy wrote:
           | Fascinating! How are you fabricating the diffractive
           | elements?
        
           | chantepierre wrote:
           | That's awesome, are you using lithographic processes to
           | produce the diffractive elements ?
        
             | bhickey wrote:
             | Yes, I'm using a photomask vendor to fabricate the
             | objective. It's in the low hundreds of dollar to get 7um
             | features, a bit more expensive to reach 4um and bloody
             | murder to get 1um (~thousands).
             | 
             | Currently we have some tiny photon sieves, around 1.5mm
             | aperture ~f/14. The next step is going up to 60mm @ f/6.5.
             | The end goal, and I don't know how achievable this is, will
             | be a very large aperture panelized scope. We've discussed
             | making something unsteerably large, sticking it in a field
             | and using the Earth's rotation to sweep the sky.
             | 
             | There's a little bit of trickery to reduce harmonics,
             | though I'm not sure how it'll perform in practice. Please
             | get in touch if you have experience doing diffraction
             | simulation. After first light I plan to write everything
             | up.
        
               | chantepierre wrote:
               | That sounds about in line with a microlithography vendor
               | (UK) I ordered zoneplates from. 7-10um features were
               | accessible and going to 0.7um was an order of magnitude
               | higher (and went from film to chrome on glass IIRC). File
               | size was also a factor for more complex patterns.
               | 
               | Do not hesitate to post results on cloudynights or your
               | club's website, I'll refresh it from time to time ! I do
               | not think I have enough diffraction experience to help
               | though.
               | 
               | Best of luck for your endaevor.
        
               | ipbrown wrote:
               | Do you have any photomask vendors that you recommend. I
               | am trying to do some homebrew lithography and the
               | photomask is not coming out as crisp as I want.
        
           | carefish wrote:
           | Pretty cool, how did you come about to start this as a hobby?
        
         | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
         | It's worth noting that you can also use an interferometer as a
         | very accurate thermometer[1]. 3D printing filaments are much
         | more sensitive to temperature variation than metals, which can
         | be bad if you're trying to get repeatable results & don't have
         | good temperature control.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vupIq4epCQA
        
       | michaelwilson wrote:
       | I made my first 10" telescope - rough and fine ground, polished,
       | figured, and built the telescope and mount at 10 under the
       | instruction famous (later) John Dobson in San Francisco. It's not
       | hype to say he was one of the most significant figures in
       | popularizing astronomy in modern history.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dobson_(amateur_astronome...
       | 
       | I later went on to make a 16" and then "fell off the wagon" and
       | bought refractors, equatorial mounts and cameras. But I never
       | could have gotten started without him.
        
         | exitb wrote:
         | Thank you for posting that. I own a Dobsonian telescope, but
         | never wondered about the figure behind its name.
        
           | michaelwilson wrote:
           | People don't talk about it now but when he first started the
           | "established" telescope making folks spoke derisively of him,
           | his techniques, and his telescopes.
           | 
           | Why?
           | 
           | To start with "we" - he and his students - made the mirrors
           | out of old portlights (the glass in portholes), so it was
           | "assumed" they would flex (since they were thinner than
           | store-bought mirror blanks) and would be subject to thermal
           | issues.
           | 
           | Then of course was the fact the telescope tube was made out
           | of a heavy cardboard concrete form called a "Sonotube", which
           | you'd waterproof and paint - paint color and pattern choice
           | being one of the most creative parts of the project. The
           | "diagonal" - the mirror which directed the light path
           | 90-degrees out to the eyepiece - was mounted on a 1"-2" dowel
           | with 3 slots cut into it and held in place by wood shingles.
           | 
           | The mirror mount itself was a 3/4" piece of plywood with 3
           | bolts in it, which you'd use to collimate the mirror once it
           | was mounted in the tube.
           | 
           | And then the mount. Not only was it "alt-azimuth", it was
           | made of plywood. You built a box around the tube, and two
           | circles on the box fit into 1/2 circles in the mount.
           | 
           | There are more details on the Stellafane page -
           | https://stellafane.org/tm/dob/index.html - but those are even
           | fancier than the ones we made!
           | 
           | But Dobson's ultimate heresy was his approach to figuring the
           | mirror:
           | 
           | Instead of using a "Foucault Tester" to measure and figure
           | the mirror, he'd mount the polished mirror in the telescope
           | and point it at a point source of light - usually the sun's
           | reflection off a ceramic power line insulator.
           | 
           | By moving the image in and out of focus and looking for
           | bright rings in the image, you could tell the shape of the
           | mirror and whether is had hills or valleys in the figure. The
           | end result was a parabola accurate to 1/2 or 1/4 wave (he
           | said he could get it to 1/10th wave, and I have no reason to
           | doubt it).
           | 
           | To the folks used to using much fancier foucault or even more
           | advanced testing methods on much more expensive mirror blanks
           | this was impossible and widely derided and, frankly, made fun
           | of. People weren't very nice.
           | 
           | But when they took the mirrors and tested them with their
           | foucault and diffraction testers they got a big surprise -
           | the curves _were_ accurate and of high quality. And, _big_ -
           | people regularly made 16" telescopes this way, and the San
           | Francisco Sidewalk Astronomers had a portable 24" for
           | goodness sake.
           | 
           | (I think people kind of forgot he used to be a physicist, and
           | probably knew a thing or two about light).
           | 
           | The other big beef was the alt-azimuth mount. Not only did it
           | not have setting circles to find things in the sky by RA and
           | Dec, it wouldn't automatically track, so it could never be
           | used to take pictures (you can get Dobsonians which will do
           | that today natch now that we have computer controlled
           | stepping motors).
           | 
           | But the point was _none of that mattered_: He wanted to make
           | telescopes for people to look through, not take pictures
           | with. So if he could build a telescope he could wheel out
           | into Golden Gate park, set up in 15 minutes, and have 100
           | people see stars, planets and nebulae, that was The Win.
           | 
           | And teaching regular people - including kids - of both
           | genders - how to make their own telescope, well that was
           | almost as good. A big part of that was it was _affordable_,
           | which meant many, many more people could make telescopes than
           | otherwise. In Dot-Com vernacular, he grew the TAM (Total
           | Addressable - or would that be Astronomical - Market), well,
           | astronomically.
           | 
           | (Bada-Bing, I'm here all week folks).
           | 
           | But seriously, I can tell you from experience, no
           | astrophotograph you take will ever, ever, compare to seeing
           | Saturn, or M31, or any one of many other things with your own
           | eye, and in a telescope you built.
           | 
           | Sorry for the long screed - got started and stirred up some
           | memories there.
        
             | tejtm wrote:
             | No worries, he got me too. No I do not subscribe to
             | everything he thought on a cosmological level but the
             | importance of vintage photons direct to brain for everyone
             | resonated.
             | 
             | Bringing telescopes out of the rarefied world of
             | astronomers where they were "precious" to professional and
             | amateur alike is what I see as his greatest legacy.
             | 
             | I build "public friendly" scopes as a result. If anyone is
             | thinking of a new mount for a Newtonian may I suggest
             | looking up "Sudiball" mount as they allow you to
             | accommodate a wider range of eyepiece heights for a given
             | target. (so parents are less likely to put their kids in a
             | half-nelson screeching "DON'T TOUCH DON'T TOUCH" as they
             | poke them in the ear with your scope)
        
       | gooseus wrote:
       | I'm always amazed when I see a site that looks like it was built
       | in the early 00s that is still being kept up to date with their
       | Events and News pages.
       | 
       | Btw, for those very interested it looks like they have a yearly
       | convention in VT, with registration opening May 1 --
       | https://stellafane.org/convention/2025/index.html
        
         | gabeio wrote:
         | I am a member of Stellafane (STMs). The convention every year
         | is amazing. It's so fun to be surrounded by people who are so
         | interested in astronomy that they travel to a convention out of
         | their own state!
         | 
         | The keynote speaker last year was talking about the James Webb
         | Telescope build, absolutely fascinating. There are tons of
         | things to do. They also have a competition which judges on
         | various aspects of telescopes. I have really enjoyed growing up
         | around this convention.
        
       | alberth wrote:
       | Slightly OT: there is a total lunar eclipse today/tomorrow for
       | many around the world.
       | 
       | https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5473
        
         | Joe_Cool wrote:
         | Sadly under the horizon for me. But it's raining anyways.
         | 
         | Better luck next time to anyone around here and happy eclipse
         | to the people that can enjoy it.
        
       | nvalis wrote:
       | There is a very detailed video documentation [0] about telescope
       | building techniques, featuring insights from John Dobson, the
       | inventor of the Dobsonian telescope mentioned on the page.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snz7JJlSZvw
        
       | chasd00 wrote:
       | I worked at an educational robotics small business in DFW in the
       | late 90s. My boss was super into amateur astronomy and made his
       | own telescopes. Those guys remind me of the amateur rocketry
       | people. Incredibly skilled and knowledgeable group of hobbyists.
        
       | megadata wrote:
       | Not amateurs, but a NASA contractor managed to mess up Hubble's
       | mirror back in the day.
       | 
       | Involves chipped paint and household washers.
       | 
       | https://hackaday.com/2020/04/29/test-equipment-shim-washers-...
       | 
       | Simon Winchester also covers it in great detail in his book
       | Exactly: How Precision Engineers Created the Modern World
       | 
       | If you're interested in precision making and how it all came to
       | be it's a very joyful read.
        
         | vibrolax wrote:
         | I spent 25+ years in the precision optics industry, a large
         | portion of which was building machines and instruments for
         | fabricating and testing aspheric lenses and mirrors. Designing,
         | performing, and validating null tests is technically
         | terrifying. Not only is the clock ticking, but every operation
         | on the artifact carries a risk of destroying it, or making it
         | unusable.
         | 
         | It's not life-and-death, but it's pretty satisfying nerd work.
        
       | noelwelsh wrote:
       | I saw this post today:
       | https://bsky.app/profile/martin.kleppmann.com/post/3lkax2h5v...
       | 
       | Real amateurs modify their whole house to fit in the telescope,
       | apparently.
        
       | nickvec wrote:
       | JFYI, there's a total lunar eclipse occurring tonight that will
       | be viewable across the continental United States. Don't miss the
       | blood moon!
        
       | jacknews wrote:
       | You don't even need to grind your own mirror to get in on the
       | action.
       | 
       | Younger I made a 6" scope from a bought mirror set, and the first
       | time I used it I caught one of Jupiters moons occulting in
       | realtime.
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | I'm almost afraid to ask on this thread but if a dad wanted to
       | purchase a simple telescope that would be good enough to see say
       | Jupiter, or Mars on a decent night in the UK to try and ref the
       | kids excited, where does one start? I have dived into some sites
       | but I think I am asking the wrong questions
        
         | chantepierre wrote:
         | If you want a purely visual experience (which I recommend), a
         | dobsonian telescope has the best capability VS price ratio. The
         | collapsible 150mm dobsons are already very powerful and quite
         | compact. Avoid anything on a tripod under 500$, you'd be paying
         | the "looks like a telescope" tax and have something deceptive.
        
         | tejtm wrote:
         | Perusing Stellafane's pages is likely as good as it gets for
         | both a broad and thorough introduction. As with many things, it
         | is an art of trade offs.
         | 
         | Aperture rules until the work to set up means it sits unused.
         | 
         | The objects you mention are bright (and small) and can be seen
         | in anything, including nothing, which fills department stores
         | with small scopes known to amateur astronomers as "Hobby
         | Killers".
         | 
         | So immerse yourself a bit, pick up some language and basics,
         | then find a local club to try before you buy, clubs or generous
         | members may have a loaners scopes so you can figure out where
         | you want to be on the what you can see v.s how much effort you
         | can put in scale.
         | 
         | cheers
        
         | relwin wrote:
         | Ed Ting has a good beginner's guide:
         | https://youtu.be/NvslqVTNEWs?si=VG5YIDzELf9iSOx0
        
         | helij wrote:
         | If you have a garden 8" Dobsonian or even larger if you can
         | handle it. If in a flat a 4" Apochromatic refractor. Mars can
         | be so so but good views of Jupiter, Saturn and Luna can be had
         | in the UK. Both good for double stars as well and even deep sky
         | objects if in a low light pollution area.
        
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       (page generated 2025-03-13 23:00 UTC)