[HN Gopher] My teen years: The transputer operating system
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       My teen years: The transputer operating system
        
       Author : nanochess
       Score  : 236 points
       Date   : 2025-03-13 00:31 UTC (22 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (nanochess.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (nanochess.org)
        
       | kragen wrote:
       | This is so wonderful. I hope I can get your Transputer emulator
       | running to try it. I wish I'd spent my teen years doing something
       | so awesome.
       | 
       | One minor grammar thing: "didn't worked" should be "didn't work",
       | because "do" in English as an auxiliary verb always takes the
       | root form of the verb, just as "will", "may", and "can" do.
       | Similarly "don't exists" should be "doesn't exist".
        
         | nanochess wrote:
         | Thanks for the suggestions! I've updated the article.
        
           | kragen wrote:
           | I'm delighted to have been of some service.
        
             | cjohnson318 wrote:
             | I'm a native English speaker and the article reads very
             | naturally. I've been learning Spanish over the last two
             | plus years, and I'm jealous of how regular and consistent
             | Spanish is compared to English.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | The orthography, maybe? And there are no phrasal verbs,
               | which is nice. But you have gender, you have plenty of
               | irregular verbs, you have a significantly more complex
               | inflection system even for regular verbs (including the
               | subjunctive mood and the conditional tense in the
               | indicative), and its allophonic phonotactics are tricky
               | (though English has a fair bit of mess here too).
               | 
               | Zapotec sounds like it would be a lot more difficult, but
               | I think really all natural languages are equally
               | difficult, because if it takes children more than about
               | five years to master them, they get simplified, and if it
               | takes children less than about five years to master them,
               | they accrete irregularities, idioms, and metaphorical
               | sense extensions to compress the representation of low-
               | entropy concepts.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Submitted title was "Released my full transputer OS, K&R C
       | compiler and utilities (1996)". We've changed that to the title
       | on the page.
       | 
       | (Actually we sometimes make exceptions when the author is the
       | submitter, and I'd be happy to do that here, but the original
       | title is pretty damn cool and will probably attract more
       | readers!)
        
         | nanochess wrote:
         | Wow! Thank you!
        
           | ForOldHack wrote:
           | Thank you. A _ton_ of work was done, in typing and debugging
           | as well as creating. While some of us were cutting out teeth
           | on _nix clones... You made an OS. This is_ amazing* worthy of
           | praise from Michael Swaine.
        
             | kragen wrote:
             | Michael Swaine dreams of being able to do what Oscar Toledo
             | G. can.
        
         | nofool wrote:
         | That's hilarious
        
       | tomcam wrote:
       | All that and he has the name Oscar Toledo. I am pretty sure he's
       | going to be the subject of a Wes Anderson movie within five
       | years.
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | Why, did Wes Anderson make a movie about his father?
         | 
         | If not, somebody definitely should.
        
       | karparov wrote:
       | CD-ROMs and only 128k of RAM? Sorry, that doesn't pass the smell
       | test. Once CD-ROMs were available, 2-digit megabytes of RAM were
       | standard (and affordable) for home PCs.
        
         | kgwgk wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transputer
        
           | nextts wrote:
           | Bold. In a different timeline they could have been the
           | nvidia.
        
             | kgwgk wrote:
             | "Parallel implementation of backpropagation neural networks
             | on a heterogeneous array of transputers"
             | 
             | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18255845/
        
               | nextts wrote:
               | I like how it isn't laced with superlatives too. Unlike
               | today's papers that sound like a (well educated) used car
               | salesman.
        
             | alexisread wrote:
             | Absolutely: https://www.transputer.net/tn/46/tn46.html
             | 
             | Too bad the UK gov were so shortsighted, or that Atari,
             | instead of making the ATW (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At
             | ari_Transputer_Workstation)
             | 
             | should have simply used a T212 in the ST blitter socket as
             | a coprocessor. That way people could have slowly gotten
             | familiar with the arch :|
             | 
             | People are building new hardware to run transputers though:
             | https://forums.atariage.com/topic/369254-pre-annoucement-
             | atw... so maybe this amazing code can be resurrected on
             | real hardware!
             | 
             | Edit: Found it. This is the paper on 3d parallel
             | transforms: https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/handle
             | /10150/611934...
             | 
             | Later transputers also had DSP instructions built-in.
        
               | rjsw wrote:
               | Later model STs had an expansion connector on the PCB, it
               | wouldn't have needed to be instead of the blitter.
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | The modern descendant of this stuff (intersecting group
               | of people and ideas) is at https://www.xmos.com/
               | 
               | The target is the embedded space now, though.
        
         | aa-jv wrote:
         | CD-ROM block sizes were 2048 bytes (2k), so its not entirely
         | unreasonable to design what we now consider low-memory devices
         | around the technology, nor is it a requirement that huge-memory
         | systems be tied to CD-ROM drives...
         | 
         | 128k is enough for a lot of things.
        
         | badgersnake wrote:
         | Pretty sure the ZX Spectrum (also 128k) had some kind of CDROM
         | adaptor, it worked via the joystick port IIRC.
         | 
         | A quick google didn't tell me anything so maybe I imagined it.
        
           | lproven wrote:
           | I think you did imagine it, yes.
           | 
           | The Spectrum did not have 128kB until near the end of its
           | life. It started out with a choice of 16kB or 48kB and that
           | was all you got until 1986.
           | 
           | It also didn't have a joystick port. Nor did it have floppy
           | disks (although 3rd party interfaces existed). Amstrad added
           | joystick ports when it bought the product line and brand from
           | Sinclair Research, soon after Sinclair launched the Spectrum
           | 128, based on a Spanish model.
           | 
           | https://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/57231/Amstrad-
           | Buys-S...
        
             | badgersnake wrote:
             | Yeah, it was definitely in the Amstrad era, not the rubber
             | keyboard. Spectrum +2 / +3 had 128k, and joystick ports.
             | The +3 had a disk drive.
             | 
             | I may still have imagined it.
        
               | badgersnake wrote:
               | Okay, I did not imagine it -
               | https://spectrumforeveryone.com/features/inside-
               | codemasters-...
               | 
               | But it's not really a CDROM.
        
               | lproven wrote:
               | :-o
               | 
               | Wow! I defer.
               | 
               | A CD not a CD-ROM, but you're right.
        
         | piltdownman wrote:
         | An Apple IIc with an Apple II SCSI interface card will happily
         | utilise the 1989 AppleCD SC. Apple IIgs maxed out at 8mb RAM or
         | so; with only 128kb out of the box for the IIc for example.
         | 
         | CD-ROMs were outselling all other audio formats in the United
         | States by 1991 for context.
        
         | kryptiskt wrote:
         | CD-ROMs were pretty widespread in 1990-91 before RAM prices
         | fell, I had a CD-ROM drive in a 386SX with 1MB RAM.
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | When something doesn't match your expectations you (and others
         | reading along) can often learn a lot more if you start with the
         | assumption you had missing information rather than the
         | assumption it's just incorrect. Even in cases where the story
         | really does have an error by asking about it instead of
         | asserting it you are more likely to hear something additional
         | you didn't know before.
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | The standard home PC in rural Mexico at the time was a
         | mechanical typewriter--if you were lucky. Oscar Toledo E.
         | designed and built one from electronic components, such as the
         | Zilog Z280 CPU mentioned in the article. As I understand it, he
         | and his son Oscar Toledo G. wrote the operating system for it
         | in assembly.
        
         | nanochess wrote:
         | It is something you can download and test, and it includes the
         | source code for the emulator, the operating system, the C
         | compiler, and everything else.
         | 
         | Just provide the emulator with an ISO CD image, and once it
         | boots up, type DIR D: this single operation requires just about
         | 28 kb of transputer RAM memory for the operating system, the
         | command-line processor, and the buffers.
         | 
         | There's a file browser embedded in the text editor, so you can
         | navigate using the arrows keys and choosing text files to read.
         | 
         | In fact, we need very little info to read CD-ROM directories. A
         | directory search only requires a 2 kb buffer and some variables
         | to keep track, read until you find the first part of the path,
         | read that block, and repeat recursively until you find the
         | desired file.
         | 
         | Reading a file from the CD-ROM can also be done just keeping a
         | 2 kb. buffer and some position variables. My transputer
         | operating system is inefficient in this because it reads the
         | CD-ROM discs in terms of 512-byte sectors, cached by the host
         | system.
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | CD-ROMs were available long before the mid-90s and even
         | 8086-class machines could be equipped with them. They were just
         | very expensive, and there wasn't a consumer market for them
         | until the "multimedia" craze hit which required a 386 or 486
         | with at least 4 MiB of RAM (8 or more was better). But public
         | libraries, for instance, had InfoTrac machines as early as the
         | late 80s, which were XT- or AT-class machines that pulled
         | magazine data off a CD-ROM catalog.
        
       | bjoli wrote:
       | I realized just this month I miss the days of being able to crash
       | my computer completely with a typo. Such a weird feeling. I was
       | debugging some pcie passthrough issues this week and the feeling
       | that the computer could go dark whenever I started the VM was
       | fantastic. It took sooooo much time, and I loved it. Of course, I
       | hated it at the same time. But I got the same feeling as when I
       | was writing ring0 code at 14.
       | 
       | This text makes me relive it!
        
         | aa-jv wrote:
         | Get yourself a retro computer and you can appreciate all that
         | joy with renewed vigour! :)
         | 
         | I regularly return to my old 80's 8-bit machine (Oric Atmos,
         | FOREVER!) just so that I can remind myself how great we've got
         | it in this day and age of near-infinite memory, the network-is-
         | the-computer, and endless pixels for days. Nothing sharpens the
         | mind stronger than a misplaced RTS or a failure to budget for
         | room on the stack ..
        
         | ralphc wrote:
         | One of my favorite pastimes on my TRS-80 and TRS-80 color
         | computer was to type in a simple basic program that would poke
         | random values into random memory addresses and see how long it
         | would take to crash or do something else.
         | 
         | Sometimes the value would wind up in the basic program itself
         | and it would stop. Mostly it just locked up and I had to hit
         | the power button and try again.
        
           | Nevermark wrote:
           | Ha! I did that with the first machine I worked with. A TRS-80
           | Model III.
           | 
           | Not only was finding interesting memory locations fun, it
           | generated interesting ideas for program features.
           | 
           | I found the address for the line length constant 64, used by
           | the screen scrolling loop. I think the screen was 16 lines x
           | 64 characters. By setting the scroll width to less than 64 I
           | could protect the right side of the screen from scrolling.
           | 
           | So my first games had an area on the right for a non-
           | scrolling title, author attribution, and game state info. It
           | seemed to be a unique feature - I didn't come across any
           | other programs that did that.
           | 
           | Some of my first programs were text adventures. Looking back,
           | I should have put a short room description and usable object
           | list on the right, updating in response to actions. That
           | would have been a significant improvement over having to type
           | "look" over and over, as was typical for those games.
           | 
           | Crazy times: 64x16x1 byte = a 1,024 bytes screen. Total
           | memory was only 16k -> Today that is just a 64x64 rgba (4 x
           | 8-bit channel) icon. But we always found a way to create our
           | programs. I had a 4k RAM TRS-80 handheld and was able to
           | create a tiny version of Zork on that, with a few starting
           | and iconic rooms.
        
           | bitwize wrote:
           | Pretty sure I broke a VIC-20 or two doing something like
           | this.
        
       | trhway wrote:
       | >It was 1992 when the 32-bit transputer board add-on was built by
       | my father.
       | 
       | It were great times. Like aviation in 192x-193x.
        
       | raymond_goo wrote:
       | Play his engine here in 3D: http://chess.hulha.net/
        
         | junon wrote:
         | Wow I suck at chess.
        
       | eggy wrote:
       | I started programming in 1977/78 in CBM/PET Basic on a Commodore
       | PET 2001 with cassette tape drive and 32k upgrade. I loved those
       | days. My parents didn't understand what the deal was with the
       | costly computer I saved up for at age 13, and why I thought it
       | was so important. It also required many late hours on my part on
       | school nights. I moved on to assembler and C and many other
       | languages over the years. I had a renaissance for the low-level
       | and small thanks to you. Oscar, I worked through your,
       | "Programming Boot Sector Games" with much joy. Your books and
       | writing have brought back some of that nostalgia and fun for me,
       | so thank you for that, and keep it going! It's also resharpened
       | some dead areas and gaps I have sustained from the multiple
       | abstraction layers of today's modern software world.
        
         | nanochess wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing! Mine was a pretty similar experience in the
         | eighties, because you could learn so much just by reading books
         | and doing experiments. Recently, I got three Commodore 64 (the
         | descendants of the PET) and I just want to type some BASIC
         | games and start learning. I'm very humbled by the experience of
         | writing "Programming Boot Sector Games", because like you, many
         | people have told me about having a nice experience reading and
         | learning with it, and I'm glad the effort was worth it.
        
       | LoganDark wrote:
       | Lots of hints of Dutch grammar in here:
       | 
       | > if you are using macOS you'll be able to edit easily the files
       | 
       | I find it charming though, to be honest :)
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2025-03-13 23:01 UTC)