[HN Gopher] Internet shutdowns at record high in Africa as acces...
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       Internet shutdowns at record high in Africa as access 'weaponised'
        
       Author : adrian_mrd
       Score  : 246 points
       Date   : 2025-03-10 20:22 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | create-username wrote:
       | Here, in Spain, internet access is cut off for many websites
       | during football matches because La Liga, the association football
       | league, is in war against cloudflare for not blocking their
       | allegedly offending websites. Or something like that.
       | 
       | Today, I tried to look up a word on a dictionary and I got an
       | error message. "There must be a football game going on right
       | now". I thought
        
         | somedude895 wrote:
         | That sounds insane! Do you have a source?
        
           | joey_spaztard wrote:
           | https://torrentfreak.com/laliga-blocks-cloudflare-again-
           | new-...
        
           | oefrha wrote:
           | Previously discussed:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43157000
        
             | nextts wrote:
             | Ah the old misunderstood IP address. It's not a street
             | address guys!
        
               | sickofparadox wrote:
               | Even if it were, you still need to prove the person you
               | are accusing is in the building!
        
             | yard2010 wrote:
             | This is wild - thank you for the rabbithole
        
         | briandear wrote:
         | I have Starlink and it doesn't seem to be affected in Spain,
         | but I could be wrong. I just haven't noticed it.
        
           | nextts wrote:
           | Why would it? That's a network in space. Could the Spanish
           | league force a US company to block specific satellites
           | covering some part of Spain and some part of not Spain? Seems
           | a stretch.
        
             | matwood wrote:
             | Starlink does come back to earth often in the same country
             | or region as the user. Then it would fall under all the
             | same blocking.
        
               | haneefmubarak wrote:
               | I imagine that the blocking is semi-voluntary by the
               | local ISPs, not at a transit or peering level.
               | 
               | Anyhow, I flicked through the tables for Starlink's Spain
               | IP address blocks and they directly peer with Cloudflare,
               | so short of Starlink agreeing to perform similar blocking
               | itself or worse yet de peering with Cloudflare, I'd
               | expect availability through them.
        
               | generalizations wrote:
               | I think the relevant quote here is, "they can shake their
               | fist at the sky".
        
               | perihelions wrote:
               | Satellite internet isn't a philanthropy project.
               | Whoever's selling it is operating a retail front in the
               | client's country, running payment processing and
               | delivering or shipping physical satellite dishes. Even if
               | the satellite vendor is aligned with your interests (I'm
               | not touching that third-rail topic)--if your government
               | doesn't want you to have satellite internet, you won't
               | have it.
               | 
               | Satellites aren't, in practice and for the time being, a
               | technological end-run around sovereignty and the
               | practical ability of governments to censor internet
               | access.
               | 
               | It's been discussed on HN before, that even first-world
               | democracies, such as the UK [0,1], feel comfortable
               | enacting laws banning satellite internet.
               | 
               | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42979869 ( _"
               | Starlink in the Falkland Islands - A national emergency
               | situation? (openfalklands.com)"_, 225 comments)
               | 
               | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37645945 ( _"
               | Saint Helena Island Communications
               | (sainthelenaisland.info)"_, 145 comments)
        
               | generalizations wrote:
               | Interestingly, I don't think you have to purchase the
               | starlink in the same country you plan to use it (else
               | what would be the point of the Mini version).
        
               | alienthrowaway wrote:
               | "they fan shake their fist at the sky... and with the
               | other hand strangle payments that are very much
               | terrestrial"
        
             | FirmwareBurner wrote:
             | Why do you think it's a stretch? If Starlink wants to
             | legally operate in a country as an ISP then it has to
             | comply with the laws of that country. Just because it's
             | using satellites instead of locally deployed physical
             | infrastructure doesn't absolve it from ISP and general
             | telecomunications regulations of a country.
             | 
             | So if the Spanish government were to make a law saying all
             | ISPs must block the following domains for whatever reason,
             | then Starlink must also comply in that jurisdiction or face
             | fines or get booted out, and I don't know many businesses
             | that take pleasure in being in contempt of the courts.
        
               | ty6853 wrote:
               | Booted out of where, space?
        
               | Muromec wrote:
               | Starlinks isnt a charity, so they collect payments for
               | service and payments are not going through space for sure
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | Booted out of the country mate. Why are you acting daft?
               | Do you think Starlink could operate in Spain without a
               | regional/EU branch that serves Spanish customers,
               | collects payments, pays Spanish/EU taxes and can be
               | summoned to court if it doesn't follow Spanish laws?
               | 
               | That's why Starlink has geofencing in place so they can
               | ensure it operates only in regions they're legally
               | autorized to, it's not some pirate HAM network that can
               | just freely operate while evading local laws willy nilly.
        
               | ty6853 wrote:
               | HAM isn't an acronym, FYI.
               | 
               | If you break the internet and summon starlink yes I think
               | pirates will take the void.
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | How many pirate ISPs exist in EU? How many of them have
               | satellites in orbit?
        
               | ty6853 wrote:
               | How many ibuprofen pirates are there in Europe? None,
               | because it's easy enough to get it without a cartel
               | operation.
               | 
               | Making wanted goods and services illegal just hands
               | profits to the black market, it doesn't stop them. If
               | Spain bans the internet there will be pirate ISPs
               | tomorrow.
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | _> it doesn't stop them._
               | 
               | Yeah? Where are the pirate ISPs of North Korea then?
               | 
               | Mate, you're fighting with ghosts here. There are legit
               | ISPs in EU, you don't need pirate ones. And there are
               | legit VPNs to bypass whatever soft government
               | restrictions are in place. There's no point arguing about
               | endless made up hypotheticals.
        
               | tbihl wrote:
               | Do we suspect there's significant demand for internet in
               | North Korea? Market potential, sure. But I'm guessing if
               | you asked North Korea what information distribution they
               | wanted, they would say they just want a more honest
               | newspaper.
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | _> Do we suspect there's significant demand for internet
               | in North Korea?_
               | 
               | Why not? They literally throw USB sticks and optical
               | media over the border. After my country broke away from
               | communism, content consumption of foreign media was the
               | highest priority.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | > How many ibuprofen pirates are there in Europe? None,
               | because it's easy enough to get it without a cartel
               | operation.
               | 
               | In a lot of Europe, you can only buy a handful at a time
               | (like 16), at a relatively hefty per-tablet price and
               | only from a pharmacy (good luck on sunday in a lot of
               | places).
               | 
               | In France, you can't just grab it off the shelf yourself
               | anymore:
               | https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20200115-pharmacies-ordered-
               | sel...
               | 
               | Sometimes I leave part of my 500 ct bottle from Amerika
               | because I don't know why I bought so many in the first
               | place.
        
               | concordDance wrote:
               | It could using crypto, but Spain would complain to the
               | USA and they'd back down.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | Three years ago they would. Not for the next four.
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | Booted out of the market. Payments, banking,
               | interconnection, contractual agreements.
               | 
               | Businesses exist solely at the pleasure of the state. The
               | state runs the courts; they can invalidate your ability
               | to enforce contracts.
               | 
               | Until and unless they smuggle the dishes into the country
               | like bricks of cocaine and allow subscription payments in
               | bitcoin, local governments can and will regulate Starlink
               | service and users.
        
               | spacebanana7 wrote:
               | Out of curiosity, is there anything technical the Spanish
               | authorities could do to block Starlink (i.e jamming)? Or
               | are legal/bureaucratic measures the only solution?
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | They can roll up to the starlink ground station and turn
               | of the power or cut the cords.
               | 
               | Edit" it looks like the inter-satellite capacity might be
               | able to handle more than I thought
               | 
               | https://mikepuchol.com/modeling-starlink-
               | capacity-843b2387f5...
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | I believe I recall them bragging about increases to
               | horizontal bandwidth in the later designs. You may be
               | thinking of the original network?
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | IIRC, Originally they had none
        
               | entropyneur wrote:
               | Hopefully not something that can happen in Spain, but in
               | authoritarian countries they simply arrest or otherwise
               | penalize the end users.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | There are countries where starlink isn't available. But
               | if you get one from a nearby country and keep quiet it
               | works.
               | 
               | Spain isn't large enough, I suspect. But they can lean on
               | starlink as long as they're sold there.
        
               | itishappy wrote:
               | Starlink terminals are jammable, but the jamming source
               | will need to be in it's FOV and it uses quite a focused
               | beam. Not particularly viable for an entire nation.
               | 
               | The ground stations would be a lot more vulnerable, but
               | cutting the cable would be a lot easier than flying a
               | Ku/Ka band jammer overhead.
        
             | ge96 wrote:
             | Would be interesting if they could jam starlink by
             | tracking/blocking the laser coming off the spacecraft
             | (satellite) probably far fetched
        
               | tbihl wrote:
               | Tracking satellites is computationally intensive,
               | Starlink has many satellites, and friends generally don't
               | jam friends' communication satellites.
               | 
               | The old jokes about aggressive NFL Copyright enforcement
               | would really pale in comparison to Spain developing a
               | mature anti-satellite capability in order to disrupt
               | soccer broadcast piracy _at the physical layer_.
        
               | ge96 wrote:
               | > Tracking satellites is computationally intensive
               | 
               | Is it? I've seen a guy doing it by hand with a YAGI
               | antenna and a little handled radio. But I could see it
               | for many and the phased part. Also people have web models
               | like this one showing the orbits.
               | 
               | https://satellitemap.space/
               | 
               | Anyway yeah just mental exercise not really arguing for
               | it
        
               | alienthrowaway wrote:
               | Its much easier to ban imports and periodically do sweeps
               | to locate terminals on the ground and confiscate/arrest
               | the criminals operating them illegally. A Cessna or
               | helicopter with GPS and directional antennae tuned to the
               | right frequency bands is well within the reach of even
               | banana republics.
        
             | lupusreal wrote:
             | Starlink doesn't defy local governments except when the US
             | government greenlights it (offering service in Iran.)
        
           | 1270018080 wrote:
           | That's still just giving a different corporation the power to
           | control communications
        
         | mixermachine wrote:
         | Truly a case where VPNs do make sense.
        
           | throwaway894345 wrote:
           | If they're blocking all of Cloudflare I would think they
           | could also be able to block popular VPN gateways. It's wild
           | that a sports league has power to dictate to ISPs like this.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Are you just stuck on it being a sports league? Just
             | s/sports league/entity with lots of money/
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | No, it's wild that any private entity has the legal
               | censorship authority. My own country is catapulting into
               | authoritarianism, but as far as I'm aware, we haven't
               | gotten to the point yet where private entities are
               | unilaterally disconnecting users from broad swaths of the
               | Internet.
        
           | VHRanger wrote:
           | VPNs would not make sense if the actual ISP if blocking you.
           | 
           | Apart from something like starlink and even then they're not
           | playing nice with geographical access most of the time based
           | on politics, whims of a narcissist, or just business.
        
             | sebmellen wrote:
             | Starlink is the only massively global ISP and (as far as
             | I'm aware) has not cut off access for anyone based on their
             | politics or location.
        
               | KoolKat23 wrote:
               | Not quite true, but merits of me saying this is murky
               | (I'm not going to fault Starlink).
               | 
               | In Southern Africa, they were bringing in grey imports of
               | Starlink from the UAE and these units have been blocked.
        
               | 05 wrote:
               | Except Ukraine
        
               | oeitho wrote:
               | Not true at all, Elon Musk has already cut off access for
               | Ukraine because of his own personal views[1]. There's a
               | reason why he's currently hated in most of Europe.
               | 
               | [1] https://thehill.com/policy/defense/4193788-musk-
               | acknowledges...
        
               | yard2010 wrote:
               | What a villain.
        
               | literalAardvark wrote:
               | That article is heavily slanted, while providing the
               | facts hidden in the text: Starlink was never enabled in
               | Sevastopol. Musk simply denied an informal request to
               | enable it to be used in a first strike, and deferred that
               | decision to the DoD, which he contacted.
               | 
               | Which is the correct thing to do when random people ask
               | private companies to go to war.
        
             | gabeio wrote:
             | > VPNs would not make sense if the actual ISP if blocking
             | you.
             | 
             | Unless they are outright blocking your entire connection.
             | That is precisely why one would use a vpn. A vpn most
             | definitely can help get around blocking key words.
        
               | tryauuum wrote:
               | you can't solve political issues with technological
               | solutions. Sure you can use VPN, but they always can
               | block more. As the last resort they will have a whitelist
               | of government-approved IPs you can connect to
        
               | gabeio wrote:
               | > you can't solve political issues with technological
               | solutions. Sure you can use VPN, but they always can
               | block more. As the last resort they will have a whitelist
               | of government-approved IPs you can connect to
               | 
               | You are in a thread specifically talking about blocking
               | swaths of the internet because of football games.
        
         | lenerdenator wrote:
         | I'm beginning to think Europe needs to just dry out from soccer
         | for a year or two.
         | 
         | Like, we're impacting communications now.
        
           | globular-toast wrote:
           | Or, alternatively, we consider whether doing our
           | communications via the same few huge American corporations is
           | actually a good idea. The internet was literally designed to
           | be resilient to enemy attack and look what we've done to it.
           | Decades later, still on IPv4 and using ridiculous hacks to
           | keep it all just barely working.
        
             | outime wrote:
             | I know the current situation isn't the most optimal but
             | _barely working_ is an extreme hyperbole.
        
               | globular-toast wrote:
               | You're replying to a thread where people lose internet
               | connectivity when a bunch of men are kicking a ball
               | around a field.
        
               | alexvitkov wrote:
               | This has nothing to do with ipv4/ipv6 and the "ridiculous
               | hacks" we do to keep ipv4 going. Those work just fine.
               | This is a cultural problem, not a technological one.
        
               | globular-toast wrote:
               | If we want to use the internet as a communication network
               | then we need peer-to-peer connectivity. We can't get than
               | on IPv4. Resilience is pointless if everyone needs to
               | connect to the same (few) middlemen before they can
               | establish any kind of connection to a peer. It's no
               | better than the old telephone system that needed an
               | exclusive physical link between correspondents.
               | 
               | We almost had this in the early 2000s, but then we
               | regressed. People were excited about meshnets, when was
               | the last time someone mentioned those? Too many people
               | have forgotten and now many have been raised in this
               | current form of the Internet thinking it's the only way.
               | We need to think bigger. We need to push for IPv6 and
               | basic internet connectivity (meaning ability to connect
               | to any peer in the world) as a human right. Otherwise we
               | build our lives around something that can be taken away
               | on a whim over something as silly as grown men kicking a
               | bladder around a field.
        
             | 762236 wrote:
             | There seems to be a problem starting new companies in the
             | EU. It's hard to imagine the EU developing alternatives
             | that people would want to use in such an environment.
        
               | arkh wrote:
               | The problem is not in starting a company. It's in the 20
               | to 100 million investment if needed: those do not exist
               | here.
               | 
               | You'll get up to 10 million investment from whatever bank
               | + state arrangement no problem. But when you want to
               | scale up you're fucked if it requires money. So no "let's
               | get 1 billion users and then think about milking them"
               | way to do business, you have to be profitable a lot
               | earlier. And you better not require too much R&D.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | You say resilient to attack, yet it's also the opposite
             | where it is very very easy for someone to attack someone to
             | the point of removing their online presence. People will
             | DDOS a site for the lulz. People will do it to cause
             | problems for some perceived slight. Some will do it to hurt
             | a competitor. It costs them pretty much nothing to have it
             | happen. For those on the receiving end, it could be
             | devastating. Their only affordable option _is_ to use one
             | of the megaCorp providers.
             | 
             | So it's a "this is why we can't have nice things" more than
             | anything else. The assholes always ruin things in the end.
             | So instead of some idealistic dream of a world, we get this
             | shithole dystopian reality.
        
             | tastyfreeze wrote:
             | The internet attack resilience isn't meant to keep a single
             | node online. It is to keep a communication network active
             | even if parts are destroyed. That part works.
        
               | globular-toast wrote:
               | Who cares about a single node? You shouldn't need a node
               | in the middle for two parties to communicate. That's the
               | point.
        
             | 1270018080 wrote:
             | La Liga is the problem in this scenario
        
           | api wrote:
           | People getting riled up about soccer as a way to blow off
           | steam and experience their tribalism is vastly superior to
           | what we have in the USA -- a political environment that
           | people treat like battling football clubs complete with
           | lawless hooligans.
           | 
           | When a soccer team wins they don't get to ascend to power and
           | leverage the state against their enemies.
        
             | pc86 wrote:
             | Surely you're talking about a District Attorney deciding
             | that an individual needs to be charged prima facie and
             | saying he "will find a crime" right?
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | I expect that's not what they were talking about, but I
               | bet what you are talking about can happen just about
               | anywhere.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | I'm sure it could and it's wrong everywhere.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | District Attorneys everywhere charge first and then prove
               | the crime afterwards, right?
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | Well typically a case is referred to them by law
               | enforcement or a criminal complaint, then they review the
               | evidence and decide whether or not to go to trial.
               | 
               | It's much rarer for a DA to say they _want to find crimes
               | a particular person committed_ and then direct others to
               | go find evidence for whatever they can find evidence for.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | Which DA went after a particular person without referral
               | by law enforcement or a criminal complaint? If this was
               | really such a breach of ethics, surely it would be
               | trivial for the political party in question to first make
               | a criminal complaint? It's not obvious to me that the
               | complaint/referral matters much?
        
             | thrance wrote:
             | I don't know how much of this tribalism is confined to the
             | stadium. Personal experience makes me feel like there is a
             | big overlap between Ultras and actual nationalists, but I'd
             | like to see a study.
        
             | lenerdenator wrote:
             | > When a soccer team wins they don't get to ascend to power
             | and leverage the state against their enemies.
             | 
             | I mean, FIFA is corrupt _as hell_ and there 's been plenty
             | of documented cases of other social ills caused by European
             | soccer fandom, but okay.
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | This isn't a football problem, it's a "company has way too
           | much power" problem. It's as if Coca-Cola were allowed to
           | tell my water company to turn off my tap water for a few
           | hours because I should be drinking their soda at lunchtime.
        
             | MichaelZuo wrote:
             | So then why hasn't Europe made a viable competitor to
             | Cloudflare yet...?
        
               | AdmiralAsshat wrote:
               | Cloudflare isn't the company with too much power in the
               | above scenario: La Liga is. CF isn't turning off access
               | because they want to, it's because La Liga convinced a
               | court that Cloudflare is promoting "piracy" with the
               | various websites they host (some of which, constituting
               | less than a rounding error of the overall sites they
               | host, may host pirated soccer streams), and convinced a
               | court to have Cloudflare blocked.
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | Technically LaLiga is only allowed to sue because the gov
               | created aggressive IP/piracy rules, such as:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_Sinde
               | 
               | They were given those powers in court over Cloudflare via
               | the Spanish government, with some help via a pressure
               | campaign by US gov to protect US copyright globally.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | If there was a viable competitor, then it wouldn't matter
               | so much if it was blocked or not...
        
               | M3L0NM4N wrote:
               | The same IP rules would apply to anybody hosting any site
               | that could have the pirated streams...
        
               | amarant wrote:
               | What makes you think the competitor wouldn't simply be
               | blocked as well?
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | Because their policies, behavior, etc., likely wouldn't
               | be 100% identical.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | That's a bad thing in this case. I don't want website
               | blocking to be easier.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | That said, Cloudflare absolutely has too much power.
               | Centralizing the internet makes it fragile and maximizes
               | the collateral damage caused by draconian copyright
               | enforcement.
        
               | DeepSeaTortoise wrote:
               | Must be a lack of regulations and compliance procedures
               | giving potential entrepreneurs the legal framework to
               | work within.
        
             | imachine1980_ wrote:
             | this literally happens in mexico, monterrey in 2022 during
             | biggest drought in the century, public supply was shut down
             | while coca-cola keep producing soft drink from that
             | reservoir, they end-up give some percentage back after a
             | protest.
             | 
             | https://www.jornada.com.mx/2022/08/06/estados/022n1est
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | That's not literally the same thing, it was a protest
               | over them for not "connect wells of their property to the
               | public service supply network."
               | 
               | Which isn't something I'd want random companies to be
               | doing, and a figurative drop in the bucket.
        
               | NewJazz wrote:
               | One drop in an empty bucket is infinitely more water.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > One drop in an empty bucket is infinitely more water.
               | 
               | No multiply 0 by infinity and you don't get one drop, ie
               | 1/0 is undefined.
               | 
               | Further it wasn't an empty bucket.
        
               | catlikesshrimp wrote:
               | In this case, as bucket content aproaches 0 drops, 1 drop
               | becomes infinitely more, at least in calculus.
               | 
               | Limits in calculus: "When a real function can be
               | expressed as a fraction whose denominator tends to zero,
               | the output of the function becomes arbitrarily large, and
               | is said to "tend to infinity" For example, the reciprocal
               | function, f ( x ) = 1/x tends to infinity as x tends to
               | 0.
               | 
               | Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_by_zero
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Tends to infinity != infinity. Also, the fundamental
               | theory of calculus requires a continuous function.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_theorem_of_calc
               | ulu...
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | You think it's possible for a bucket to contain a
               | negative amount of water?
               | 
               | I should note that the product of zero and infinity being
               | an indeterminate form is actually a result about the
               | product of an infinitesimal (of small but indefinite
               | magnitude) and an infinite value. If when you say "zero",
               | you actually mean "zero", there is no ambiguity: zero is
               | more infinitesimal than any infinite value is infinite,
               | and the product of zero with anything, including an
               | infinitely large value, is zero.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > You think it's possible for a bucket to contain a
               | negative amount of water?
               | 
               | Irrelevant, the discontinuity occurs at 0 not a negative
               | number.
               | 
               | The limit of f(X) = (X-2)/(X-2) as X approaches 2 is 1,
               | that doesn't mean the function has a defined value at 2.
               | Limits seem easy because most students really don't
               | understand limits and thus misuse them.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | Quantum physics tells us all particles are waves, so it's
               | possible that the amount of water will be negative in
               | some point in time, as long as the average value is not
               | negative. ;-)
        
               | itishappy wrote:
               | Zero times any _number_ is zero, but infinity is not a
               | number. In order for multiplication to be valid, your
               | elements must share a field.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | Are you trying to make a point? The indeterminate forms
               | are statements about limits. Those limits are statements
               | about the possible range of certain operations on
               | infinitesimal and infinite values. It's perfectly valid
               | to multiply those values. And when zero is one of the
               | multiplicands, it's also the product.
               | 
               | You might want to think about why two times infinity is
               | _not_ an indeterminate form.
        
               | itishappy wrote:
               | I am, thanks for noticing.
               | 
               | If you extend your field to include infinity (e.g. the
               | extended reals, or the extended positive reals), only
               | then is it valid to multiply by infinity. One of the
               | rules in such a system is that when infinity is one of
               | the multiplicands, it's also the product. This gives us
               | conflicting results for zero times infinity, therefore
               | 0*[?] is an indeterminate form.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | You do not appear to have the slightest idea what you're
               | talking about. For example, the extended reals _aren 't a
               | field_.
               | 
               | But it's easy to extend the real numbers to a field that
               | includes infinite and infinitesimal values. Limiting is
               | then a projection from the hyperreals, which are a field,
               | to the extended reals, which aren't. Instead of "lim",
               | let's call this projection "f".
               | 
               | 0*[?] is an indeterminate form because f(f-1(0) *
               | f-1([?])) is not well defined. f is a many-to-one
               | function, and in this case the different possibilities
               | that come up as we invert it interact differently. In
               | contrast, 2*[?] is not an indeterminate form because,
               | while f-1(2) * f-1([?]) might be any value _that is
               | greater than all real numbers_ , it must always be
               | greater than all real numbers, and therefore f(f-1(2) *
               | f-1([?])) is always [?].
               | 
               | > One of the rules in such a system is that when infinity
               | is one of the multiplicands, it's also the product.
               | 
               | In the extended reals, this is a result, not a rule, and
               | it doesn't always hold. Again, the extended reals aren't
               | a field. But even ignoring the question we're actively
               | discussing, you should have been able to think of e.g. -3
               | * [?].
               | 
               | That's assuming that when you said "such a system", you
               | meant the extended reals. If you meant a field that
               | extends the reals to include infinite values, it's just
               | meaningless noise - there is no value called "infinity"
               | that would even let you evaluate the claim true or false.
               | But in any multiplication of two values, any infinite
               | value can only simultaneously be the product and one of
               | the multiplicands if the other multiplicand is 1. When we
               | say that 2*[?] = [?], the [?] on the left and the one on
               | the right are both infinitely large, but they aren't the
               | same value.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | It's the same aquifer though, right?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | If the factory had simply shut down without hooking up
               | their infrastructure, the area still would have had the
               | exact same short term issues.
               | 
               | The issue was arguably a lack of wells in an extreme
               | situation, not a lack of water in the aquifer.
        
               | pstuart wrote:
               | Aquifers are not infinite in capacity, so it's a valid
               | point.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Again not what this was about.
               | 
               | If the area can't support the factories water use then
               | shut down the factory _permanently._ Wanting to hook up
               | to its infrastructure is all about a lack of public
               | infrastructure.
               | 
               | Many aquifers are over used, but that's a long term
               | problem and has nothing to do with a drought in a single
               | year.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | Wow, I try to come up with an exaggerated hypothetical
               | and it turns out to be a real example. We live in a
               | ridiculous world.
        
               | cluckindan wrote:
               | Look up artisanal oil refining.
        
               | HaZeust wrote:
               | That's why I haven't taken life so seriously and been as
               | uptight about things in recent years; because life sure
               | as hell doesn't take us serious lol
        
               | sandy_coyote wrote:
               | I need to try out this line on my manager in stand-up
               | later today.
        
               | HaZeust wrote:
               | Yes, that'll get you right.
        
               | throw0101c wrote:
               | > _We live in a ridiculous world._
               | 
               | Let The Market(tm) decide on access to drinking water:
               | 
               | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_privatization
        
               | latentsea wrote:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank_Girl_(film)
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | Your hypothetical involved Coca-Cola directing the
               | service cutoff. It doesn't sound like that was real.
        
               | r00fus wrote:
               | Late-stage capitalism - the future is now.
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | Are you in an alternate dimension where _Snow Crash_
               | literally happened?!
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_Crash
        
               | lelandfe wrote:
               | Burbclaves coming next:
               | https://www.wired.com/story/startup-nations-donald-trump-
               | leg...
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | This type of crazy shit makes me love Canada even more
        
               | mystraline wrote:
               | Its one of the reasons why I am a market based socialist.
               | 
               | The essentials of living should be state owned, and
               | provided as inexpensively or freely as part of being
               | here. And when that doesn't completely work, significant
               | controls be put in place to prevent undue
               | capitalization/financial ideation.
               | 
               | The next tier should be a middle ground of intermediate
               | importance, that companies can fulfill, but with modest
               | controls to allow suitable profit and growth.
               | 
               | The final tier is the new and not-required level. This is
               | the new stuff, the crazy tech. Low/no laws, let everyone
               | in this realm go crazy and experiment. The skies the
               | limit.
               | 
               | But water? This is beyond the pale. And revolutions have
               | gone on for this before.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | I might've got a bad translation, but :
               | 
               | > the parastatal Water and Drainage Services of Monterrey
               | 
               | Isn't that already the state owning the water supply?
        
             | lenerdenator wrote:
             | But _why_ does the company have too much power?
             | 
             | Because there's a lot of money at stake surrounding soccer
             | in Europe.
        
             | autoexec wrote:
             | > This isn't a football problem, it's a "company has way
             | too much power" problem.
             | 
             | This isn't limited to just one company. The problem is how
             | copyright has been abused and over-prioritized until it's
             | become a threat to people's freedoms, to art, and to
             | progress.
             | 
             | Copyright needs to be reined in so that no matter what the
             | company is or what product they're pushing innocent people
             | won't be negatively impacted just so that the industry can
             | squeeze more profit from people while refusing to adapt.
        
           | kiney wrote:
           | the problem here isn't football. It's rampant censoreship and
           | net blocks in the EU. (same problem different methods in
           | other EU countries. In germany theiy raid your home for
           | harmless political satire)
        
             | thrance wrote:
             | What kind of "harmless political satire"? Where can I find
             | more about this?
        
               | ptrl600 wrote:
               | "Pimmelgate", Stefan Niehoff raid are two examples of
               | hilariously disproportionate law enforcement response for
               | minimal offense.
        
             | gambiting wrote:
             | >>In germany theiy raid your home for harmless political
             | satire)
             | 
             | Can you give some examples so we can see what harmless
             | political satire you have in mind?
        
               | smolley wrote:
               | Andy Grote comes to mind. Someone tweeted "Du bist so 1
               | Pimmel" (something like "you are such a willy") at him.
               | Got his house searched and everything for that.
               | 
               | Issue here being the fact that insulting someone is a
               | criminial offense (hope that's the correct english
               | terminology) in Germany.
               | 
               | https://theweek.com/news/world-news/954635/willygate-
               | german-...
               | 
               | e:/ Whether this is actual satire or not is up for debate
               | i guess, but this was in my opinion way overblown
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > "Du bist so 1 Pimmel" (something like "you are such a
               | willy")
               | 
               | Sure, it's something like that, but it's _more_ like
               | "thou beest such a willy". ;D
        
             | ohgr wrote:
             | I travel a lot in the EU and the Internet is a total
             | shambles. Blocked stuff everywhere. Right down to VPNs not
             | even working.
        
           | seydor wrote:
           | it s not such a massive thing as it used to
           | 
           | but football teams often have political connections and thus
           | easy access to do such things
        
         | crest wrote:
         | Maybe DDoS their fax machines? "Toner or paper is empty!!!",
         | white on black, 999 copies. _sigh_
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Did anyone actually ever attempt the faxing a piece of black
           | construction paper on an old sheet fed fax machine where you
           | tape the top to the bottom prank? Was that even possible, or
           | just urban legend?
        
             | mysteria wrote:
             | I've never heard of anyone making a paper roll with tape
             | but I've definitely seen pranksters fax sheet after sheet
             | of full black to waste paper and ink.
        
         | wkat4242 wrote:
         | Huh? I live in Spain and I've never had any issues with
         | internet or any websites being cut off. I'm not sure when these
         | matches are on though because I'm not interested in sports.
         | 
         | Spain does have a problem with the legal system though. Last
         | year they almost cut off telegram and the government had to
         | intervene.
        
         | flkenosad wrote:
         | Spain could build thier own cloudflare.
        
         | basisword wrote:
         | Thought you must be exaggerating but after reading further I'm
         | shocked. I know the courts can be a tech illiterate but why are
         | the Spanish courts this bad? Surely they see the consequences
         | of the decision and immediately realise it's stupid? The UK can
         | be pretty bad with this stuff and the Premier League is huge
         | but I have no concern of something this idiotic happening here.
        
       | phmagic wrote:
       | What are the best ways for citizens to get their own p2p internet
       | going?
        
         | theodric wrote:
         | DIY mesh networks (I'm speaking of Wi-Fi, not Meshtastic, but
         | even that has its place), isolated pirateboxes, dead drops, and
         | (horror of horrors) _going to the pub and talking to people_.
         | It 's trivial for a government to make the first one illegal
         | and relatively trivial to enforce it, but difficult in
         | increasing magnitude for them to actually control the
         | remainder.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Have WiFi mesh networks ever been proven to work at scale?
           | The few experiments that I've seen seemed to be slow and
           | unreliable. And in order to be of any real value, at least
           | one of those mesh network nodes needs a connection to the
           | real Internet.
        
             | simfree wrote:
             | Mesh networks like https://guifi.net have been reliably
             | delivering internet longer than you have been a member of
             | HN.
             | 
             | There are many mesh networks with Autonomous Systems
             | Numbers, peering at internet exchanges, etc. You don't
             | order 10Gbps ports at various IXPs if your community run
             | network can't deliver that bandwidth usefully.
        
               | traceroute66 wrote:
               | > You don't order 10Gbps ports at various IXPs if your
               | community run network can't deliver that bandwidth
               | usefully.
               | 
               | Well, to be fair....                  - Membership of
               | most IXPs is not that expensive and the smaller port
               | sizes are not that expensive        - Many IXPs are
               | moving to 10Gbps as the default port size (e.g. with a
               | membership at LINX in London, you get your first default-
               | size port for free, which is now 10Gbps at LINX).
               | - If you are running an eyeball network (i.e. xSP, WISP
               | etc.) then you might as well just buy bare-minimum IP
               | transit and save your money for your peering point
               | memberships, since most of your traffic will be going to
               | the CDNs etc. all of whom have open-peering policies at
               | IXPs, so why pay more than you need to ?        - Moving
               | to cynical-view territory, its a marketing expense ...
               | become an IXP member, get a nice logo you can put on your
               | website and give your salesdroids something to name-drop
               | ....
        
             | memhole wrote:
             | I believe NYC has had one running for quite some time.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | > And in order to be of any real value, at least one of
             | those mesh network nodes needs a connection to the real
             | Internet.
             | 
             | I don't know what this means. If all of my family and
             | friends are on a private network, and I'm serving my copy
             | of Wikipedia, and all of us are sharing our books, movies,
             | and music, we have a bulletin board, voice and video
             | chat...
             | 
             | No real value?
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | How did you get your copy of Wikipedia? How do you
               | _update_ your copy of Wikipedia?
               | 
               | How do you get your books, movies, and music? How do you
               | get new ones?
               | 
               | Yes, it has real value as a fill-in-the-gap until you can
               | reconnect to the real internet. Long term I guess it
               | still has _some_ value as a way to look at a static
               | collection of things (plus content generated by people on
               | the mesh), but the real internet is much more valuable.
        
           | nextts wrote:
           | AM radio?
           | 
           | Even FM walkie talkies as a start.
        
         | spacebanana7 wrote:
         | Not exactly P2P, but I think the fibre optic drones used in
         | Russia/Ukraine could be effective for regaining internet access
         | in Africa.
         | 
         | Those drones have 10km+ fibre optic cables stringing out the
         | back. Fly it to a different country, hook up to a friendly
         | wifi/cellular network, then pipe your general purpose internet
         | traffic through the fibre optic cable.
         | 
         | This wouldn't work everywhere. But for small Africa countries
         | with lots of land borders it might work. Especially if the
         | border area had jungle or other low traffic terrain.
        
           | registeredcorn wrote:
           | "Internet is a little flaky today. Probably a bird perching
           | on the fiber."
        
             | spacebanana7 wrote:
             | Imagine having a mesh of hundreds of fibre optic cables
             | strewn across the border.
             | 
             | Many having wireless routers at their terminus to forward
             | traffic to other cables. Other cables having vertices and
             | graph-like structures so that they could tolerate cuts in
             | individual lines.
             | 
             | The end result could be something quite authentic to
             | ARPANET.
        
             | aaronbaugher wrote:
             | Before wireless came to my rural area, we used to joke
             | about how the phone companies ran dialup over barbed wire.
             | "Internet's down; deer must have broken the barbed wire
             | again."
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | Growing up, my grandpa would joke that "someone tripped
               | over the extension cord" when the power went out.
        
         | dingnuts wrote:
         | the Internet Protocol, IP, is already peer to peer. Assign
         | yourself an address (V6) and get a peer, assign them an
         | address, plug in a cable, voila!
         | 
         | Get a switch and another computer and you have an Internet. Ok,
         | we would generally call it an "intranet," but that's because
         | -the- Internet with a capital I is specifically a net of
         | intranets.
         | 
         | So, if you were to start an ISP, which is the proposal, you
         | would buy an uplink to the rest of the Internet for your
         | intranet that you just built, from another ISP or backbone
         | provider.
         | 
         | But you don't have to do that, you could partner with another
         | intranet, and have a separate Net. Similar to what happens in
         | China actually.
         | 
         | My point is: the Internet is already peer to peer. You just
         | have to use the technology. Thirty years ago every tech nerd
         | knew how to start an ISP.
         | 
         | The only reason individuals don't do it as much anymore is
         | because we want the ISP to lay dedicated cable for our
         | connections, rather than just using the phone lines, and laying
         | cable is really expensive.
         | 
         | But you could use phone or amateur radio (like the JS8 digital
         | mode) if lower speeds are acceptable, or lay your own Ethernet
         | or fiber if you're capable.
         | 
         | The only thing that makes today's Internet seem like it's not
         | peer to peer is the investment needed to start an ISP with the
         | performance modern consumers expect
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | IP is P2P, but a lot of the layers built on top of it are
           | centralized, and very vulnerable to attack. DNS is
           | hierarchical with 13 root name servers. Google is a private
           | company, but if websearch ever goes offline, the utility of
           | the Internet decreases dramatically. Some stupid percentage
           | of webhosts are protected by Cloudflare; Cloudflare outages
           | have taken large portions of the Internet offline. Same with
           | AWS on the backend; when AWS has gone down, people find that
           | a large number of the websites they depend upon go down too.
           | Most people's consumer IPs are blocked off from the public
           | Internet by their ISP and NAT.
           | 
           | Actually using an Internet based on IP addresses alone is
           | ridiculously difficult. Quick, tell me how the IP protocol
           | works using IP addresses alone! You can't type anything other
           | than IP addresses into the address bar of your computer, and
           | your browser can't make any secondary requests unless they're
           | to a raw IP address. No using Google or Wikipedia unless you
           | have their IP addresses memorized and have HOST file entries
           | for all the secondary resources they request. You can't use
           | HN to tell me; you need to find my computer's IP address and
           | SSH in to me. Oh, and whatever certificate validation SSH
           | does can't make any network requests to a DNS entry.
        
             | dingnuts wrote:
             | in a small network you just put the hostnames in /etc/hosts
             | and you're done, or you set up a local DNS server. The GP
             | asked about "making a p2p internet," and that's how it's
             | done. Hostnames are not a hard problem.
             | 
             | Google Search is useless on a p2p internet. Why would you
             | want to search the corporate network on your separate net?
             | Doesn't make any sense. You wouldn't use the global DNS
             | system in this scenario either, you can just set up your
             | own -- DNS is hierarchical but there's no reason you cannot
             | have your own roots, or just pass around hosts files like
             | the old days, either on sneakernet or using another
             | protocol
             | 
             | > You can't use HN to tell me
             | 
             | HN wouldn't be on my private "peer to peer" internet, it's
             | on the regular internet. Set up a mirror or find a route to
             | the regular one through any one of your PEERS.
             | 
             | I don't get it, I thought the GP wanted to know how to set
             | up their own Internet, or thought that the Internet was
             | centralized. It's not. Build your own network, be creative,
             | replace DNS if you need to. The tech is there, it's well-
             | established, well-tested, and we use it today for the
             | regular internet.
             | 
             | The grandparent only needs to read some man-pages.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | > DNS is hierarchical with 13 root name servers.
             | 
             | It's a closed network, we can just hardcode everyone's
             | address.
             | 
             | > Google is a private company, but if websearch ever goes
             | offline, the utility of the Internet decreases
             | dramatically. Some stupid percentage of webhosts are
             | protected by Cloudflare; Cloudflare outages have taken
             | large portions of the Internet offline. Same with AWS on
             | the backend; when AWS has gone down, people find that a
             | large number of the websites they depend upon go down too.
             | Most people's consumer IPs are blocked off from the public
             | Internet by their ISP and NAT.
             | 
             | All of this is irrelevant on a private network. I don't
             | think you understood the comment you were replying to. The
             | _Internet_ is a bunch of little internets mashed together.
             | Instead of mashing your internet with the others, you can
             | provide services internally. No, other people 's websites
             | will not necessarily be on it, but they will anyway,
             | because you'll probably provide a tunnel out to the wider
             | internet. Anyway, you already have the internet, use it
             | like you always did. The internet police don't make you
             | give up the internet if you set up your own network.
             | 
             | You may not be able to appreciate the value of a
             | communication system without access to google (you can
             | download Wikipedia and serve it yourself if you find it a
             | useful tool and your connection to the wider internet is
             | endangered.) I _remember_ an internet without Google, and I
             | liked it more. The only thing Google ever did that was
             | interesting was pagerank, and pagerank, being not resilient
             | at all, was completely obsoleted by SEO. Everything else
             | they 've done has been a result of taking advantage of when
             | they controlled an important market (access to the wider
             | resource of the internet) for a few years over a decade
             | ago.
             | 
             | When the internet goes down, my home network doesn't become
             | either ridiculously difficult or useless. It will without
             | pause or much notice still serve dozens of terabytes of
             | data to anyone I allow to connect to wireless, and allow us
             | to communicate with each other.
             | 
             | BBS's were useful.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | The way to do p2p communication without the Internet is to
         | remove immediacy from it.
         | 
         | Old email servers were configured this way, they'd try to
         | communicate the next time they got a connection.
         | 
         | For text it could be simple as encrypting and sending it to as
         | many devices as you see until you get an ack back - something
         | almost blockchain-like, but without the CPU and just signing.
         | 
         | Ack'd messages would be purged from ThePile and you could also
         | expire them after a time. It'd be a few gigabytes perhaps, and
         | could share diffs when you see another device.
        
           | sgt wrote:
           | FIDONet was pretty rugged that way.
        
         | jeffhuys wrote:
         | No internet here, but I'm setting up Meshtastic nodes between
         | me and my family so we can keep messaging when internet stops
         | working, or power goes out (solar panels).
         | 
         | They'll get 99.99% of people, but not me. I only need it for an
         | hour or so to communicate meeting points. After that it's an
         | added luxury for whatever comes after. It's my contribution to
         | the prepping of my family.
        
         | int_19h wrote:
         | Look up AREDN.
        
       | junaru wrote:
       | Given how internet exploited and divided people in the west i
       | don't blame them. Ignorance is bliss and i want it back.
        
         | aprilthird2021 wrote:
         | What? They don't block Internet because they want their people
         | united. They do it because they are authoritarians who want to
         | control every aspect of people's lives. India doesn't top the
         | list of countries that cut Internet access because it's a haven
         | of national unity, lol. It's probably a country more divided
         | than any Western ones.
        
           | ty6853 wrote:
           | The irony here is the government has little grip in much of
           | central Africa. Militias roam the bush with little fear of
           | law. Places like CAR are nations only because europeans drew
           | it like that on a map. Killing the internet may be the only
           | lever of control for the central government, they cannot
           | control people's lives to nearly the extent is done in most
           | the west.
           | 
           | In places like the US they can just use one of the gazillion
           | laws on the books to charge anyone, then send the police on
           | any corner to get them. There is no need to kill the
           | internet.
        
             | h2zizzle wrote:
             | We just had that whole Cliven Bundy thing happen a few
             | years ago, no? Also, large swathes of the western US,
             | Alaska, Appalachia, etc., are often difficult for
             | authorities to access (at least quickly).
             | 
             | It's important to be clear that the lack of government
             | control in Central Africa has a lot to do with that same
             | sort of geographic inaccessibility. There are whole
             | countries in Asia that exist largely because of the
             | difficulty of administering rugged frontier; the Amazon
             | still exists largely because the Brazilian/Colombian/etc.
             | governments understandably have trouble administering
             | thousands of square miles of jungle.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | > We just had that whole Cliven Bundy thing happen a few
               | years ago, no?
               | 
               | That's interesting because of how unusual it is. If there
               | were hundreds of him, the US would be like central
               | Africa.
               | 
               | > governments understandably have trouble administering
               | thousands of square miles of jungle.
               | 
               | I'm sure that governments feel better that you understand
               | their problems. You're replying to somebody who is
               | enumerating those problems, not reviewing individual
               | governments and giving them a star rating.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | The US doesn't have that kind of geographic
               | inaccessibility. Cliven Bundy is alive, not because the
               | US couldn't locate him, not because the US couldn't reach
               | that location with overwhelming force, but because the US
               | decided that killing him was a less optimal move than
               | letting him be an annoyance for a while, and eventually
               | arresting and trying him.
        
           | gimme_treefiddy wrote:
           | Lets peek into whether those divisions are organic or driven
           | through NGOs.
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | "Keep the bad parts, eliminate the good parts."
           | 
           | - The Authoritarian Cookbook
        
         | mystified5016 wrote:
         | Libraries are bad and should be banned because you might find
         | Mein Kampf in the nonfiction section
        
         | gimme_treefiddy wrote:
         | Note how almost no one will acknowledge this is happening in
         | the backdrop of unravelling of USAID and how certain powers in
         | the world sow discord in other countries.
         | 
         | I have done a complete 180 on this issue in recent years.
        
       | hello_computer wrote:
       | I blocked Africa from my networks a couple weeks ago, and the
       | number of attempts in my logwatch emails has been cut in half
       | ever since. Sometimes even more.
        
         | Acrobatic_Road wrote:
         | what are you using to block entire geographical regions?
        
           | hello_computer wrote:
           | it's a secret
        
       | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
       | Apps should respond to events like this by becoming smaller--so
       | that you can only collaborate with people on your network
       | partition. Most of the time they instead break altogether.
       | 
       | The future is way to uncertain to assume a reliably connected
       | future, which is what most of our tech is doing.
        
         | api wrote:
         | Most of our tech has been developed in stable advanced
         | developed countries.
        
           | ironmagma wrote:
           | > stable
           | 
           | I wouldn't be too certain about that.
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | At least not anymore
        
           | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
           | It would be fun to develop some kind of war games scenario
           | where we see what we can make work in a less stable
           | environment and make changes accordingly. Some kind of
           | apocalypse conference or somesuch.
           | 
           | I mean we'll be doing the work eventually, might as well get
           | a head start in-game.
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | But if the app doesn't have internet access, how would it
         | discover the others on that same partition? (Assuming it's a
         | wholesale internet/specific domains being fully blocked). If
         | your phone/computer can't contact Telegram's servers, it
         | doesn't matter.
        
           | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
           | I imagine using bluetooth for peer discovery, so you find
           | peers by sharing an elevator with them, or stopping at the
           | same intersection, standing in line at the grocery store etc.
           | Although the network would probably never converge entirely,
           | it would drift approximately towards convergence as long as
           | the gossiped dataset stayed small.
           | 
           | The gossiped data would be:
           | 
           | > My public key is ABCD1234... and the most recent CID of my
           | data is DCBA9876...
           | 
           | These devices need be on no other network at the time, just
           | in range of each other.
           | 
           | At other times when they're near a node on the larger network
           | they offload their discovered peers and the consult their
           | trust graph to see which peers (new or already known) are
           | both trusted in some capacity (maybe transitively) and
           | interested in the same topics/apps. In those cases, that data
           | syncs to their mobile device, and apps which reference it
           | update.
           | 
           | This would work better if you dedicate some device somewhere
           | to be permanently attached to a network node, but unlike what
           | we're doing today there's no need for it to be maintained by
           | the author of your apps. We can decouple those personas. If
           | the device hosting your data ends up on another partition,
           | you can dedicate a new device to the task without updating
           | anyone, since nobody is hanging onto device identifiers
           | anyway. Probably this just means leaving yesteryear's busted
           | phone plugged in at home so it can be a cache for your data
           | while the device in your pocket is offline. Your mobile
           | device an update when it gets on the wifi.
           | 
           | So now you've got users carrying around data which other
           | users might be interested in (beyond the peer-finding data),
           | and it's organized by topic/app, so when two peers are nearby
           | which share an interest (perhaps on the behalf of their
           | peers, transitively), they can directly sync heavier data as
           | well. I think that attaching a wifi router to every delivery
           | truck would get you most of the way there, since it could
           | move the data between houses it's delivering to.
           | 
           | This might mean network latencies measured in hours or days,
           | which would be awkward, but at least it's never hard down
           | because it never depends on the state of a unique server.
           | Besides, if the partition-tolerant fallback works beyond a
           | certain usability threshold then you've removed the incentive
           | to disable the internet in the first place.
           | 
           | Maybe I don't have the details perfect, but something like
           | this is possible and I don't think the difficult part is
           | getting the underlying protocol right. Rather it's getting
           | the apps we rely on to also work under the fallback paradigm.
           | The necessary shift is to get away from request/response
           | architectures and towards pub/sub ones. Fewer unique server
           | identifiers and more trusted user keys and predicates about
           | the degree to which those users trust different content
           | hashes.
        
           | m3047 wrote:
           | By making its own "internet in a box": open wifi, DHCP and
           | DNS, and Bob's your uncle. Anybody in range can play;
           | everyone else is out of luck. Install NNTP so that news can
           | move around by flooding, as nodes form new associations. Add
           | a second wifi transceiver and some clever dynamic route
           | discovery and you have a mesh network.
        
         | m3047 wrote:
         | I made a wifi firing range / disconnected collab environment to
         | this end a few years ago. Has BIND (which takes over the
         | world), Apache, DAV, Etherpad. I carry a VM of it around on my
         | laptop "against the day".
        
           | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
           | Thats a cool idea. Instead of initializing our hard disks
           | with 0's we should fill them with things like that so that
           | people have a chance of finding them as needed.
           | 
           | Does it have a corresponding repo or blog post or anything
           | like that?
        
             | aspenmayer wrote:
             | Not who you're replying to, but they linked their GH in
             | bio, which led me to this:
             | 
             | https://github.com/m3047/pangolin
        
         | callc wrote:
         | I agree, but also am weary trying to solve societal issues with
         | technical solutions. We naturally try to do this, using the
         | tools we know. It's a losing battle to fight technologically
         | against a motivated state actor, like CCP. When your door gets
         | knocked down and you get arrested for using e2e encrypted
         | communications, technology will not save you.
         | 
         | Certainly things like SSL and encryption have helped fight back
         | against the spying eyes of governments and bad actors.
         | 
         | This is not a dig against making apps robust to network
         | partitions
        
         | folmar wrote:
         | Briar does just that
        
           | foundart wrote:
           | This? https://briarproject.org/how-it-works/
           | 
           | Hadn't heard of it. Thanks for bringing it up.
        
       | matt3210 wrote:
       | Some might say the other countries should stay out of it. For
       | example people might say Switzerland should stay out of those
       | nations issues. However, if Switzerland provided technology
       | thought a normal market or not, to the rulers, they have already
       | interfered with the natural progression of that nation. There is
       | no hope of the people making the situation better while
       | Switzerland is providing the rulers with tech and they're keeping
       | it from the people.
        
         | fluoridation wrote:
         | That's like saying that because the store sold you the belt
         | you're using to beat your children, the owners should break
         | into your house to physically stop you from doing so.
        
           | GuinansEyebrows wrote:
           | Individuals looking for belts and nation-states looking for
           | networking equipment are not really the same thing... also
           | belts don't usually include service/maintenance contracts
           | etc, or the ability to be revoked from the public at large
           | (imagine the embarrassment)
        
             | fluoridation wrote:
             | It doesn't have to be the same, that's what makes it an
             | analogy. What is the same is the relative relationships
             | between the elements involved. Although, now that you've
             | made me think about it, I guess it's not quite right
             | anyway, because I doubt it's _Switzerland_ selling
             | technology, but _Swiss companies_. It 'd be more correct to
             | say that because you bought a belt from the store, the
             | store-owner's father (as well as some of his neighbors,
             | let's be real) should break into your house to stop you
             | from beating your children with it.
        
               | leereeves wrote:
               | The way these countries treat their citizens is rarely a
               | secret. I'd say a better analogy is that gun stores
               | should not sell guns to known felons.
        
               | fluoridation wrote:
               | What would prevent gun stores from selling guns to
               | criminals would be the law and the punishments doled out
               | by the government. So if your argument is that
               | Switzerland should punish Swiss companies for dealing
               | with oppressive governments, then yeah, maybe. That's not
               | the topic of discussion, though.
               | 
               | If someone buys a gun in a foreign country, and after
               | returning to his home country he shoots a man, is he
               | subject to the laws of the foreign country? To me that
               | sounds like it would be a breach of the sovereignty of
               | the man's home country. Not that I'm saying this is an
               | apt analogy, but it's certainly closer.
        
               | pmontra wrote:
               | > if your argument is that Switzerland should punish
               | Swiss companies for dealing with oppressive governments
               | 
               | Some countries require an export license for some
               | products and companies might get it to export to friendly
               | countries and not get it for other countries. It's
               | similar to sanctions. Those licenses apply even to some
               | piece of software (spying tools et al.) Companies caught
               | selling without a license are punished.
        
               | fluoridation wrote:
               | Fine. Like I said, it's not the topic of discussion.
        
           | dingnuts wrote:
           | lots of people think gun manufacturers should be liable if
           | the customer shoots someone so it's not like this is an
           | argument without precedent
        
           | rbanffy wrote:
           | Is the US still providing updates and spares for Ukraine's
           | airforce? Modern military aircraft depend a lot on software
           | updates to stay operational.
        
             | fluoridation wrote:
             | I fail to see the relevance.
        
       | 4b11b4 wrote:
       | This should be an extremely high profile piece of news...
       | 
       | Imagine people all over planet Earth talking to each other in
       | real life, in passing.. "Did you hear Internet access is cut off
       | in ____"?
       | 
       | Is there not some "tracker" out there? I'm sure it would be hard
       | to keep up to date but..
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | In most countries, "curfews" are viewed as a justified legal
         | construct. In most cases, internet shutdowns are clubbed with
         | general curfews as well.
         | 
         | You see this especially in most of the former British colonies
         | listed that continue to use British Colonial Era legislation
         | for Law and Order. You see this is South Asia (India, Pakistan,
         | Sri Lanka, Bangladesh), Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Singapore,
         | Myanmar), and much of Africa (eg. Nigeria, Kenya) as well
         | 
         | It's the classic "collectivist" versus "individualist" split,
         | and it's something only individual countries can decide.
        
         | bilbo0s wrote:
         | _Imagine people all over planet Earth talking to each other in
         | real life, in passing.. "Did you hear Internet access is cut
         | off in ____"?_
         | 
         | The issue is that no one would care.
         | 
         | There are children being sold into sexual slavery and you don't
         | get that kind of reaction. You're definitely not going to get
         | it because some random InstaSnapTwit in Nigeria can't get his
         | fart app to work.
        
         | oefrha wrote:
         | Did you hear about hundreds of thousands of people dying in
         | South Sudan's civil war since 2013? Did you hear about the
         | return of open-air slave markets in Libya since NATO
         | intervention in 2011? Did you hear about dozens of other
         | hideous things happening in Africa? It's almost comical that
         | you think people elsewhere would give a shit about such a
         | comparatively minor thing as Internet interruptions.
        
           | pc86 wrote:
           | These things have been reported hundreds / thousands of time
           | if you read enough news to get informed of them. That's the
           | only reason you know about them. There's no reason for a
           | random local news station in rural Oklahoma to cover the
           | South Sudan's civil war or Libyan slave markets.
           | 
           | That war and slavery are bad doesn't make the curtailing of
           | civil rights for millions of people suddenly a nothingburger.
        
             | technothrasher wrote:
             | "That war and slavery are bad doesn't make the curtailing
             | of civil rights for millions of people suddenly a
             | nothingburger."
             | 
             | Also known as the fallacy of relative privation. This line
             | of reasoning quickly leads to the conclusion that only bad
             | thing worth caring about is the absolute worst thing
             | happening.
        
           | notavalleyman wrote:
           | Wagner* and russia's Libya intervention to continuously arm
           | and support general khalifa haftar against the
           | internationally recognised government
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | Usually it's only the propaganda outlets that get blocked,
             | not all internet access.
        
         | timewizard wrote:
         | This is Africa. So the first question you should ask yourself
         | is "do they even have electricity 24 hours of the day?" The
         | answer is generally "they're lucky to get 8 hours in a day."
         | 
         | I mean, it's a disappointing that Facebook isn't available in
         | Uganda, but I think there are some bigger ticket items on the
         | continent to be concerned with first.
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | At least in Brazil, blocks are limited to specific IP ranges
         | and happen because companies defy court orders to hand over
         | publisher data the court considers illegal - irregular
         | electoral propaganda, misinformation campaigns, etc. Rumble,
         | AFAIK, is blocked in Brazil right now. Twitter and WhatsApp
         | were blocked more than once.
        
       | jp42 wrote:
       | Internet shutdown typically happens during riots/ violent
       | protests. Starlink makes "internet shutdown" impotent. Though
       | Starlink has to follow country's laws and actually shutdown the
       | internet. Most if not all protest are sponsored by entities that
       | are against the host country and they will find ways to enable
       | the internet for protesters with starlink or some other ways.
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | > Starlink makes "internet shutdown" impotent
         | 
         | It still requires a radio transmitter. If push comes to shove,
         | a government can still track RF leakage or worst case GPS
         | jamming (if it's really that existential).
         | 
         | Iran did the same thing when cracking down on Satelite TV and
         | SatPhones during the crackdown of the Green Revolution (anti-
         | Ahmedinijad protests in 2009) and anecdotally, Starlink
         | terminals have been increasingly unstable in Iran.
         | 
         | I also vaguely remember a DIUx RFS within the past year for
         | startups working on minimizing RF leakage from terminals.
        
           | bilbo0s wrote:
           | A lot of these people talk about Starlink like they never
           | heard of RF engineering.
           | 
           | It's like, "Um, guy, Starlink can be shut down too."
        
             | alephnerd wrote:
             | > A lot of these people talk about Starlink like they never
             | heard of RF engineering.
             | 
             | Because they most likely didn't. On a separate tangent, I
             | HATE how most CS majors can get a CS degree without even
             | learning basics about electronics engineering or even
             | computer architecture.
             | 
             | It's a shame because a lot of the craft used in DSP and RF
             | Engineering has direct applications in ML (much of ML is
             | itself a fork of Information Theory which started off as a
             | DSP subfield)
        
             | protocolture wrote:
             | Starlink just transmits to a ground station thats 99% of
             | the time in the same country. Its not some magical space
             | internet, its just regular internet bottled and delivered
             | by satellite.
             | 
             | RF is really where this discussion needs to be, you and
             | your mate jim can set up a bunch of UBNT hardware and
             | create your own intranet really god damn easily. No
             | reliance on some guy who signed on to all your governments
             | internet censorship laws.
        
         | daveguy wrote:
         | Starlink puts "internet shutdown" in the hands of just one
         | asshole oligarch.
        
         | jp42 wrote:
         | why i am being downvoted for this :confused:
        
           | rbanffy wrote:
           | Most likely this part you didn't realize happened:
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43354309
        
             | jp42 wrote:
             | Well I did not even bring Elon into my original post. What
             | I wrote is true regardless of whether its starlink or some
             | other constellation. e.g satphones are routinely used
             | across the world in conflict/insurgency areas. Starlink is
             | already being used in insurgency in NE part of India and so
             | on.
        
       | Synaesthesia wrote:
       | Internet has become an essential right up there with housing,
       | electricity, water etc.
       | 
       | Everywhere around the world people are connected to the internet.
       | Even in poor African countries.
        
         | bilbo0s wrote:
         | Um.
         | 
         | Yeah.
         | 
         | The internet is important. But if you go some places in this
         | world you learn in a very swift fashion that it is not as
         | important as housing, food, and water.
         | 
         | There's parts of the world that are not a fairy tale. Places
         | where people have far more basic worries.
         | 
         | That said, if there are parts of Africa where people want the
         | luxury of internet, they should, of course, be allowed access.
         | The mere fact that they want it is an indication that they are
         | in a relatively well off area.
        
           | ty6853 wrote:
           | Counterpoint: in the third world some 3rd rate shack with a
           | shitty well or water source may often come 'free' as it stays
           | in the family. I have seen people in the third world blow
           | most their paycheck on phone and internet related charges
           | since food/water/shelter may cost a villager in a farm
           | basically nothing and the internet is entertainment and
           | communication for a whole month.
        
             | bilbo0s wrote:
             | If they had access to internet, you weren't in the parts of
             | Africa I'm talking about. There is a difference between
             | undeveloped, developing and developed.
             | 
             | You go to an undeveloped place, you wouldn't be worried
             | about phones or internet access. You just accept that
             | you're going to be off the grid for the duration of your
             | stay in that village. Alternatively, you bring your
             | communications equipment with you so that you can stay in
             | touch with your, "base", for lack of a better term. But I
             | can tell you right now, that equipment better not be
             | dependent on internet access.
        
               | ty6853 wrote:
               | Well yes in places with no internet access people don't
               | buy internet, but it's a bit tautological. People who
               | survive by subsistence but come upon hard money somehow,
               | in some place with towers, I have personally seen them
               | blow a whole month pay on phone credits and it wasn't
               | uncommon.
        
           | soulofmischief wrote:
           | Just because some people are deprived of it doesn't mean it
           | shouldn't be a right. And the fact that some of these
           | communities don't even have time to consider it a priority
           | when they're also deprived of other basic rights doesn't mean
           | that it isn't also a basic right. It's not a fairy tale to
           | expect basic human rights. The entire world could be
           | connected if that's what powerful people wanted.
           | 
           | Internet should _not_ be a luxury in any community. That is
           | against the ethos of the web, which should be free, open and
           | accessible. Your comment is needlessly patronizing and
           | dismissive without actually presenting any evidence that the
           | internet shouldn 't be considered essential for any modern
           | community.
        
           | nitwit005 wrote:
           | Increasingly, you need the internet working to access your
           | money or pay for things. I've found you unfortunately need to
           | pay for food.
        
         | hbn wrote:
         | It's essential if you live in a place where it's essential.
         | 
         | But there are plenty of places where everything hasn't gone all
         | digital, which makes living without internet much easier than
         | it is in e.g. America.
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | It's interesting to think that if the US Constitution had been
         | created in today's technological environment, the founders
         | would have authorized a federal United States Internet Service,
         | as opposed to a postal one.
        
           | rbanffy wrote:
           | Maybe it's time to create one.
           | 
           | On second thought, I'd wait 4 years before starting that.
        
       | bmitc wrote:
       | I thought the solution that everybody wanted was Starlink?
       | Because that will never be politicized or weaponized ...
        
         | CSMastermind wrote:
         | I don't want to be dependant on Starlink (or any one provider)
         | for internet.
         | 
         | I think the world is better when there's an access point that
         | governments can't shut off.
        
           | bmitc wrote:
           | I was being sarcastic in case it wasn't clear. I agree with
           | you.
        
       | benced wrote:
       | This is especially notable when you consider African states are
       | bad at basically everything you'd expect a state to be able to do
       | but are apparently very capable of this.
        
         | mywittyname wrote:
         | Blocking internet access is pretty simple thing to do,
         | especially compared to something like building and maintaining
         | a bridge.
        
       | aierjtlaj wrote:
       | And now Americans are giving this type of control to Musk, after
       | he's demonstrated that he's happy to cut off a country's internet
       | access during a war and he'll happily focus his company's
       | resources on attacking his enemies. Genius.
        
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