[HN Gopher] America Is Missing The New Labor Economy - Robotics ...
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       America Is Missing The New Labor Economy - Robotics Part 1
        
       Author : lasermatts
       Score  : 233 points
       Date   : 2025-03-11 11:25 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (semianalysis.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (semianalysis.com)
        
       | tartuffe78 wrote:
       | Who will buy the phones when no one is paid to produce them? The
       | cars? The food and the clothes? Wealth keeps concentrating
       | upward, great leaps in efficiency and throughput, but I can't see
       | how it's a sustainable model for continued consumption growth
       | year after year.
        
         | Tadpole9181 wrote:
         | This is where discussions of post-scarcity and post-labor
         | economy come in, like UBI. We keep kicking the can down the
         | road on that front, but this is _going_ to happen and we need
         | to establish such a sustainable model.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, it really seems like the plan is to strip the
         | house of the copper for billionaires to become trillionaires,
         | then burn down the house with the rest of us inside.
        
           | sharemywin wrote:
           | 1. there are limits to natural resources.
           | 
           | 2. UBI is basically keeping humans as pets.
           | 
           | 3. what value do billionaires bring to the table if their
           | insight and wisdom can be replicated by a machine.
        
             | RealityVoid wrote:
             | > 2. UBI is basically keeping humans as pets.
             | 
             | That's one way of looking at it. Another is that humans
             | will find other ways of exploring and spending time that
             | doesn't necessitate productivity. I would love to be FIRE,
             | for example. A lot of people will love it. Some won't, and
             | they will work.
             | 
             | I think UBI is not there yet, but a hallmark of this is the
             | rise of influencers and time burned on media and Netflix.
             | This tells me that leisure time is rising and we have the
             | economic capability of sustaining non-productive
             | activities.
             | 
             | But we're not there _yet_. I don't fear the inevitability
             | of UBI in my lifetime for example. But I'm confident we'll
             | be able to devise a useful system when we get there. In the
             | end, we didn't have capitalism untill we thought up this
             | system. There is surely another kind of system we could
             | have converged to, I seriously doubt it's some magical rule
             | of nature. But we did not, we wound up here. We'll end up
             | in another place at some point.
        
               | kcb wrote:
               | I don't think anyone would choose to work in any way like
               | today, especially if work is focused on generating wealth
               | with a large portion of it being redistributed. Work
               | would have to change to something more like volunteerism.
        
               | RealityVoid wrote:
               | Well, many people would choose to work for the extra
               | income that would bring them. Or some other status symbol
               | that working could bring, welfare won't bring you that
               | Rolex! Or some cultural shift that makes certain work
               | "cool" (1). Or just fostering a sense of community and
               | mission for doing certain work. People do many many many
               | things motivated by other things than money. I agree that
               | it's only a subset of the population, but if you decrease
               | the work input needs to less than that percent of the
               | population, that's doable. Still, as I said, we're not
               | there yet and I believe we won't be there yet for a long
               | long time.
               | 
               | 1. Sometimes I wonder if the state shouldn't hire one of
               | those fancy firms to push cultural outlooks about stuff
               | to change. They have campaigns, but they mostly suck. If
               | you put money on the table and say "hey, marketing
               | company, by each 1% you improve this behavior you get x
               | million dollars" I'm sure that would help motivation.
        
               | razakel wrote:
               | >Another is that humans will find other ways of exploring
               | and spending time that doesn't necessitate productivity.
               | 
               | Take just about any British musician from the past 50
               | years - the ones who weren't middle or upper class almost
               | all say that being on welfare (the dole) was what gave
               | them the time and freedom to be creatives.
               | 
               | UB40, for example, are literally named for the
               | application form.
        
               | themaninthedark wrote:
               | I think that there are definitely people who have been on
               | welfare and used it to better themselves and there are
               | people who thrive in the face of adversity, overcoming
               | the worst situations.
               | 
               | I also think that there are a large number of people who
               | ended up lost without direction or purpose.
               | 
               | People are weird and different.
        
               | RealityVoid wrote:
               | Fully agree. But I do believe that cultural norms and
               | societal expectations and what people push you to do with
               | your life play a big role, so these are all levers to be
               | pulled if you want to make a more self-driven population.
        
               | netsharc wrote:
               | > I also think that there are a large number of people
               | who ended up lost without direction or purpose.
               | 
               | People on welfare? I can imagine a lot of these people
               | "accept" that the goal is to get themselves out of
               | welfare, ASAP (especially if there's a deadline), but
               | they can't see a way to that goal - e.g. applying for
               | jobs but getting rejected left and right, and feeling
               | dejected.
               | 
               | With utopian UBI, one would be free to do what they
               | want.. even if it's just jagging off the whole day.
        
               | themaninthedark wrote:
               | No, there a lot of people who have no idea what to do
               | when they have free time.
               | 
               | There are lots of older people who go back to work, not
               | because they need the money but because the need the
               | structure. In fact, there is an increased risk of death
               | due to retirement.
               | 
               | >Available evidence suggests it is unlikely that changes
               | in health insurance and income can account for the
               | increase in mortality at age 62. So, to further examine
               | the plausibility of retirement leading to higher
               | mortality, Moore examines which causes of death increase
               | when men turn 62, and considers the connection between
               | those and decreased labor force participation.
               | 
               | https://business.purdue.edu/news/features/2022/retirement
               | .ph...
               | 
               | >With utopian UBI, one would be free to do what they
               | want.. even if it's just jagging off the whole day.
               | 
               | People have need to feel like they are doing something.
               | Usually something positive but they will settle for
               | something negative, generally that ends poorly for
               | society.
               | 
               | Also UBI would only, as my understanding is, take care of
               | the basics. Food, shelter, medical care. So you would end
               | up with a population that has enough to survive, hungry
               | for more and no way to achieve it.....
        
               | consteval wrote:
               | You can achieve the need to do something by forming human
               | connections. Mutual necessity between people, a form of
               | fulfillment that long predates any economy.
               | 
               | We have the unfortunate combination of being uniquely
               | individualistic and with too much time. Community-based
               | societies, which we will have to transition to in a post-
               | scarcity world, don't have that problem.
        
             | Tadpole9181 wrote:
             | This isn't a rebuttal, the only solution you're allowing
             | space for is "kill everyone". The universe is finite and
             | all things end.
             | 
             | 1. We aren't close to exhausting our resources and we're
             | getting better at minimization and reuse. We need to spend
             | money on cultural initiatives that discourage consumerism
             | and reduce waste. The bigger issues are not the limited
             | resources in, but the nasty things going out: the stability
             | of the biosphere is far more important and 100,000,000
             | people in America outright reject the responsibility.
             | 
             | 2. No, it's not. Or is disability and child welfare and
             | Medicare and veterans care all keeping them as pets too?
             | It's called taking care of your people. Anyway, glad you're
             | proposing solutions too.
             | 
             | 3. They're leeches and need to be removed. Tax wealth and
             | productivity gains from automation to pay for UBI.
        
             | alabastervlog wrote:
             | > 2. UBI is basically keeping humans as pets.
             | 
             | UBI is similar to confining an animal? Deciding what and
             | when it eats, when it bathes, where it goes? Training it,
             | whether it likes it or not? Deciding whether it gets
             | medical care? Whether it gets to have companions of its own
             | kind?
             | 
             | I thought it was giving people money.
        
               | Loughla wrote:
               | I mean, depending on the amount, yes it could be deciding
               | all of the things you said. You would be limited in your
               | choices depending on how much the ubi actually is.
        
               | alabastervlog wrote:
               | Right now I get zero ubi so I guess I am even more
               | limited on all of those, and am even more a pet.
        
               | c0nducktr wrote:
               | Right now you can live without it.
        
               | alabastervlog wrote:
               | As a pet. More of a pet than someone on UBI. I'm someone
               | already experiencing the bad thing we worry might happen
               | to someone on UBI--withdrawal of it.
               | 
               | Not the worst, unclear to me why this was a concern in
               | the first place. Be cool to have UBI though.
        
             | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
             | > 3. what value do billionaires bring to the table
             | 
             | It's a good question. The Reagan-era response would be that
             | having billionaires inspires people to work hard, take
             | risks, come up with ideas and better themselves. In a post-
             | scarcity era where the only route to wealth is capital, and
             | machines handle the hard work and ideas, I'm not sure what
             | benefit remains from having billionaires. What good are
             | incentives at that point?
        
         | Teever wrote:
         | Imagine a near term scenario where a humanoid domestic robot
         | that can do the dishes and laundry goes on sale for about the
         | price of a luxury car. boomers who want to stay out of the
         | retirement home for as long as possible will snap that up.
         | 
         | Now imagine it's been a few years and one of these robots that
         | used to go for the price of a nice car is outdated and can be
         | bought for a couple grand and with a couple grand for a
         | replaced battery and maybe upgraded hands for more dexterity.
         | 
         | Let's say an industrious young hacker gets their hands on this
         | device and after fixing it up and jailbreaking it decided to
         | get it to do stuff -- what's the first thing they should get it
         | to do?
         | 
         | Why not see if it can assemble a copy of itself -- if you find
         | a genie in a lamp why not ask it for more wishes?
         | 
         | The second a certain kind of mind gets their hands on a self-
         | replicator is the second everything for humanity changes, the
         | economy will never be the same because any task that used to be
         | bottlenecked by materials or labor is now more or less
         | bottlenecked only by the time it takes self replicators to
         | build copies of themselves to divide and conquer the task.
        
           | sharemywin wrote:
           | I don't think the costs go to zero though for that.
        
           | thijson wrote:
           | I've seen this plot in various movies, TV shows, and books.
           | It definitely is a possibility. In the Dune universe the AI's
           | are banned after a war against them.
        
           | allturtles wrote:
           | > The economy will never be the same because any task that
           | used to be bottlenecked by materials or labor is now more or
           | less bottlenecked only by the time it takes self replicators
           | to build copies of themselves to divide and conquer the task.
           | 
           | Wouldn't these self-replicators also be bottlenecked by
           | materials and other infrastructure? Does each one have a
           | semiconductor fab, mining equipment, metal foundry, etc,
           | built-in? I also don't see how you get from a laundry robot
           | to a self-replicator through garage tinkering, those seem
           | very far apart.
        
             | alnwlsn wrote:
             | I always wonder when people say things like that. What's
             | the first thing a humanoid robot with human like
             | intelligence do when you tell it to make a copy of itself?
             | 
             | Does it set up a backyard forge and start to cast new arms
             | and legs out of discarded cans? Does it finish the parts on
             | a manual Bridgeport or does it carve them out manually with
             | a hand file?
             | 
             | When it needs silicon chips, does it make them itself or
             | try to order more from the company that made it? Will it
             | become a right to repair activist when it finds out the
             | company won't sell components to individuals?
             | 
             | Maybe it has to pay for all this with a part time job at
             | the local fast food joint.
        
               | Teever wrote:
               | All of the above, and more.
               | 
               | Assuming a humanoid robot with human like intelligence it
               | may also be able to enlist humans to accomplish it's
               | task, either by paying them directly, or through
               | intermediaries, or deceiving them into helping it.
               | 
               | If it is capable to human like intelligence and
               | creativity it may be able to pioneer new manufacturing
               | processes -- perhaps it will learn to grow parts for
               | itself by using existing biological processes in ways
               | that we haven't yet figured out.
               | 
               | The point isn't so much the how with a self replicator,
               | the point is the exponential growth rate. You're right
               | that the first machine will take a long time to build the
               | second, but those two will certainly be able to build
               | twice as many in at least the same amount of time --
               | probably less because they can use the infrastructure
               | that the first set up to build the second.
               | 
               | Once humans make machines that are capable of self
               | replication regardless of where it is on the spectrum
               | from base matter and energy assembly to just off the
               | shelf parts assembly you're going to see exponential
               | growth.
               | 
               | And once certain kinds of creative people get their hands
               | on these machines they will inevitably jailbreak them and
               | make them work for them instead of the companies that
               | will try and lock this kind of stuff down like they
               | always try to do.
               | 
               | The war on general purpose computing will transition into
               | a war on general purpose manufacturing and the same kind
               | of people who want ot sell you devices that you can't
               | compile software for without a license will try to do the
               | same with self replicating hardware but they will fail.
        
           | kcb wrote:
           | I think you've described the second thing a young hacker may
           | get it to do...
        
           | ramses0 wrote:
           | https://reprap.org/wiki/RepRap
        
           | SkyBelow wrote:
           | >Why not see if it can assemble a copy of itself -- if you
           | find a genie in a lamp why not ask it for more wishes?
           | 
           | Robots that can build things already exist and can be
           | purchased second hand, but I haven't see this level of
           | hacking them to self replicate. The logistics of getting
           | enough parts, and having the general purpose ability to
           | diagnose a very wide range of issues with used components,
           | and similar seem to prevent this from being some sort of self
           | replicating singularity.
           | 
           | If such a robot did already have the power to do such self
           | replication, why would it wait for a second hand hacker
           | instead of the builder of the robots using them to produce
           | copies at reduce cost?
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | UBI is probably going to happen I think. But I don't think it's
         | going to achieve much. Yes it's going to give common people
         | some foothold, but with automation and AI I really doubt we
         | need that many jobs, and unemployment rate is going to be high
         | anyway. The elites are going to throw UBI as a bone and then
         | they can do whatever they want.
         | 
         | And that's it -- A cyberpunk future where elites can pretty
         | much ignore the common people.
         | 
         | Am I too pessimistic and/or narrow-minded? Maybe. But I don't
         | think AI and AI powered robotics replacing humans is the same
         | as trains replacing wagons.
         | 
         | We will see.
         | 
         |  _Edit_
         | 
         | The reason I think UBI won't fix much is, UBI cannot give
         | people purposes to live. Obviously we already have enough
         | material wealth for everyone and UBI is just a confirmation.
         | But "meaning" is always a luxury, and will be more so when less
         | people need to work.
        
           | llamaimperative wrote:
           | UBI won't fix much for a far more trivial and mechanistic
           | reason: adding $1,000/mo to everyone's income merely gives
           | landlords the ability to charge ($1,000*n bedrooms)/mo more
           | in rent.
        
             | markus_zhang wrote:
             | I think this can be fixed with social housing. Not a
             | fundamental issue but yes I agree this is an issue.
             | 
             | The UBI in my mind is not $$$ but merchandises and services
             | coupons.
        
             | bryanlarsen wrote:
             | Landlords have pricing power because people have to live
             | close to their jobs. If UBI lets people move freely,
             | landlords lose their pricing power.
        
               | tcfunk wrote:
               | I always disagree with this moving freely argument.
               | Certainly some live where they do specifically for work,
               | but some are also there to be close to family. They will
               | not be interested in relocating to save a buck.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | In other words, the real estate market is sticky. There
               | are large costs to moving, so consumers put up with price
               | increases more readily than they do in other markets.
               | 
               | But there's a big gulf between "sticky" and "laws of
               | supply and demand don't apply".
               | 
               | People on UBI will be much more price sensitive than
               | those supplementing with wage income since the UBI
               | dependent will be time rich and money poor. Landlords
               | will have less power over them. They'll still have some
               | power because of the stickiness.
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | There's a big gulf between "eventually all marginal
               | productivity increases are eaten by rising land rent" and
               | "laws of supply and demand don't apply."
               | 
               | You have no reason to believe people with new marginal
               | income from UBI would move to _lower_ COL areas. We have
               | strong reason to believe they 'd spend that money to move
               | toward _high_ COL areas. Evidence for this is the fact
               | that people, when they have money, choose to live in high
               | COL areas.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | People living solely on UBI will be the poorest people in
               | the country. It's absurd to believe that UBI will be
               | generous enough to cover more than basic living expenses.
               | They're not going to behave like "people with money".
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | I didn't say anything about "people living solely on UBI"
               | 
               | Your claim is, I guess, that people supplementing wages
               | with UBI will move to poorer locations, because they are
               | less tied to their jobs, and then the poorest of the poor
               | (those who already live in bottom-percentile COL
               | locations) will... move to _even poorer_ locations?
               | 
               | Seems like a wacky argument relative to: "people will do
               | what they literally always do with new marginal income,
               | which is move to nicer areas, and since everyone is doing
               | it simultaneously without new supply, prices will go up
               | and nobody will improve their lifestyle."
        
             | krapp wrote:
             | Landlords can't simply arbitrarily raise rents like that.
             | If they could, they would already charge every individual
             | tenant 100% of their income. Renting is a market like any
             | other, and markets have limits and competition. The renters
             | that do try to increase rent by $1000 will simply not have
             | tenants anymore, and those that didn't, would, because UBI
             | means people can basically move anywhere, any time they
             | like.
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | It's not "arbitrary." It's raising rents for the same
               | reason rents are ever raised: people's
               | willingness/ability to pay has gone up.
               | 
               | That can happen because of a new subway station, a hot
               | new employer nearby, or simply because money appeared in
               | their pockets.
               | 
               | If money were no object, _more_ people would live in high
               | COL areas, not fewer. You know this is true because you
               | see it in the prices.
               | 
               | To prevent rent increases you'd need people all to have
               | $n appeared in their pockets _and to have a pact not to
               | then spend $n to upgrade their living arrangements._ The
               | cruel irony of course being if everyone attempts to
               | upgrade, then no one achieves an upgrade but they do
               | achieve spending their new money!
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | Does your rent go up by the precise amount of your
               | increase in income every year? Mine doesn't. My landlord
               | isn't checking my W2 or tax statements for extra rent
               | money, that isn't how it works.
               | 
               | The assumption that all rents, everywhere, would go up by
               | the amount of UBI is the definition of "arbitrary."
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | Are we talking about one person's income going up, or
               | knowably every single person's income going up by a known
               | amount?
               | 
               | When minimum wage rises, yes rents rise.
               | 
               | When high paying employers come to an area, yes rents
               | rise.
               | 
               | These are a lot more random/diffuse in the market than
               | UBI is, but they still cause the same effect.
               | 
               | Can you please explain why rents go up at all?
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | >Are we talking about one person's income going up, or
               | knowably every single person's income going up by a known
               | amount?
               | 
               | What does it matter?
               | 
               | You're claiming landlords have the ability to set rents
               | directly based on a tenant's income.
               | 
               | Rents _can_ rise based on minimum wage, but all renters
               | do not raise their rents precisely by the increase in
               | minimum wage.
               | 
               | And when high paying employers come to an area, not all
               | renters raise rents accordingly.
               | 
               | You're ignoring that market forces exist affecting rent
               | other than the simple greed of landlords. Not _every_
               | landlord would increase rent by the amount of UBI because
               | there is an obvious market opportunity in not doing so,
               | and because not every property could justify that, even
               | with UBI.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | No landlord is looking at a particular tenant's income
               | under the microscope and adjusting their rent. But, of
               | course they do it in aggregate based on averages. UBI
               | shifts the overall demand curve, and every supplier of
               | goods will adjust their prices proportionally.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > You're claiming landlords have the ability to set rents
               | directly based on a tenant's income.
               | 
               | I'm a landlord. My agent figures out the rent to charge
               | on my behalf. They do this by making an informed guess as
               | to what the market can bear -- sometimes they've been
               | wrong, and had to reduce the asking rate.
               | 
               | That is, mechanistically, _how_ they discover what the
               | market can bear.
               | 
               | If everyone gets PS1000 UBI money each month, everyone
               | can afford to pay PS1000 more rent than before. Some
               | agents will guess this means everyone can afford PS500
               | more rent, some will guess higher, some will guess lower.
               | They'll discover through this process of guessing and
               | seeing what happens, how much people can actually pay.
               | 
               | This is complicated by all the other concurrent changes,
               | including:
               | 
               | (1) the scenario of no-more-work-needed suggests that
               | some of the tenants will move to wherever the rent is
               | lowest rather than where their previous commute was
               | shortest
               | 
               | (2) no-more-work-possible meaning money supply goes
               | _down_ rather than up
               | 
               | (3) people won't need to spend a huge amount of money
               | commuting, not just time, which may increase personal
               | money supply (just not by as much as the loss of income
               | from not working)
               | 
               | (4) if they actually like the homes enough to want to
               | spend all day in them, rather 5 hours awake and inside
               | because the other 19 hours of the day are 8 asleep, 2
               | commuting, 8 working, and 1 lunch break; UBI being
               | claimed by 500 people who all officially live in the same
               | 1 bed flat in a Norfolk village, but they're all actually
               | spending their money on living in relatively cheap safari
               | cabins in Botswana or whatever, is a very different
               | dynamic than everyone staying put to keep close to
               | friends and family.
               | 
               | (On the plus side, if we have robot workers so cheap
               | there's no point hiring humans any more, then we may also
               | get a lot more high-quality housing for a price of next-
               | to-nothing).
        
               | Libcat99 wrote:
               | A broad UBI plan would likely not have every single
               | person's income going up by a known amount, either.
               | 
               | Most of the plans I've seen taper off and then become a
               | tax at certain income levels.
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | Taking the U and the B out of UBI? They should pick a
               | different name.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | Additional income is not additional willingness to pay
               | 100% of that income forthe currently-purchased quality
               | and quantity of one particular good or service, and _even
               | if it was_ that 's a demand shift which without a supply
               | change, will still result in a smaller increase in rent.
               | 
               | UBI, which any realistic method of implementing makes a
               | _shift_ in income from somewhere higher on the income
               | spectrum to somewhere lower (the exact shift being
               | defined by the UBI level and financing mechanism), most
               | likely (if it replaces existing means tested welfare
               | programs) most favoring a level somewhere above where
               | current welfare programs start tapering off, does have
               | some predictable price effects, but they aren 't "all
               | rents go up by an amount equal to the UBI amount times
               | the number of recipients typically living in similar
               | units".
               | 
               | First order, they are some price increases across goods
               | and services disproportionately demanded by the group
               | benefitting in net, with some price decreases across
               | those disproportionately demanded by the group paying in
               | net. These will vary by elasticity, but in total should
               | effect some (but less than total) compression of the time
               | money shift, reducing somewhat the real cost to those
               | paying and the real benefit to those receiving, but with
               | less effect on those paying because of lower marginal
               | propensity to spend with higher income.
               | 
               | Beyond first order is more complicated because you have
               | to work through demand changes,and supply chnages caused
               | by labor market changes from reduced economic coercion,
               | increased labor market mobility and ability to retrain
               | for more-preferred jobs, which are going to decreased
               | supply for some jobs, increase supply for others (though
               | on different schedules), etc.
        
               | gopher_space wrote:
               | > It's not "arbitrary." It's raising rents for the same
               | reason rents are ever raised: people's
               | willingness/ability to pay has gone up.
               | 
               | The only landlords who can afford to operate this way own
               | many, many units. A long term tenant who pays in a
               | _predictable manner_ and isn 't actively damaging
               | property is worth their weight in gold, and you can't
               | afford to roll the dice on the next tenant unless you're
               | able to spread the risk and _cost of the churn_ around.
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | All rents are set by the market's willingness and ability
               | to pay.
               | 
               | No matter whether you're the 40th percentile (a vacancy-
               | sensitive landlord) on price or the 90th (a vacancy-
               | insensitive landlord), _the dollar value of the
               | underlying distribution_ is defined by the market 's
               | willingness and ability to pay. If that goes up, the
               | entire distribution moves to the right.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | this isnt descriptive of the past while.
               | 
               | the prices are going up because the landlords have
               | entered a web2.0 mediated cartel.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | No, it doesn't, and the proof of that is that landlords
             | don't already charge 100% of income.
             | 
             | You seem to be assuming housing rental is an perfectly
             | monopolistic market, which it isn't, and any place where it
             | even loosely approximates that needs to correct that
             | whether or not UBI is adopted.
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | Okay then you tell me: why do rents go up at all?
        
               | sdenton4 wrote:
               | Because the landlords use price-fixing software.
               | 
               | https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/justice-
               | department-s...
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | And before that software rent never went up?
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | Most participants in mature markets know approximately
               | what percentage of the public's wallet they can grab.
               | Obviously it's not 100% for any of them, but they all
               | know what they can get away with.
               | 
               | My guess is that if UBI added $1,000/mo to everyone's
               | income, landlords would respond by raising rent by about
               | $400-$500 or so, grocery stores would raise their prices
               | by a percentage of that new income, and so on for all
               | businesses, until all $1,000 was soaked up and the public
               | is no better off than they were before.
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | Very obviously correct^
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | This seems reductive. Not all goods have inelastic demand
               | and no substitutes or alternatives. Not every industry is
               | supply limited. Said differently, not everything is
               | immune to competition.
               | 
               | If cost of housing goes up, building and moving become
               | more attractive by comparison. Instead of saving 500/mo
               | by commuting, now you might save $1000 by relocating.
               | 
               | Rate limit edit: I said commuting, not going going to
               | live in some random place.
        
               | jacobgkau wrote:
               | > If cost of housing goes up, building and moving become
               | more attractive by comparison.
               | 
               | Do you think "just move away from the city centers (where
               | all the jobs that you used to need are) to random middle-
               | of-nowhere wherever-we-have-space" will hold forever, and
               | won't trail off once the initial phenomenon of everyone
               | dispersing is finished?
        
               | outside1234 wrote:
               | One market where we see this effect, I think, is
               | university education.
               | 
               | Access to cheap loans has lead to an explosion in costs.
        
               | charlie0 wrote:
               | Beat me to it and you're absolutely right. There's no
               | need to guess what's going to happen here, we've already
               | seen what happens elsewhere when the government injects a
               | lot of money.
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | I'm not so sure about that. A few years ago I looked for
               | historical university cost data. I didn't find much, but
               | when I graphed what I did find I did not see any
               | noticeable change in the rate costs grew between before
               | the availability of cheap loans and after their
               | availability.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > My guess is that if UBI added $1,000/mo to everyone's
               | income
               | 
               | Aside from whether the prediction is realistic under this
               | assumption, UBI under any realistic financing scheme
               | _doesn 't do that_. It replaces (and potentially
               | increases the net benefit of) means-tested welfare at the
               | bottom end of the income distribution and spreads the
               | clawback from a set of relatively sharp cliffs that occur
               | between working poor and middle income levels to a much
               | more gradual effective trail-off over nearly the whole
               | income distribution as part of progressive income
               | taxation.
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | Has anyone considered something like UBI but instead of
               | income make it UBG--Universal Basic Goods.
               | 
               | The idea would be that when automation advances to the
               | point that something can be made with very little labor
               | the government would build automated factories to produce
               | that thing and make the output available for free.
               | 
               | There would still be room for private companies to make
               | those things too. They could make fancier or higher end
               | models for those people who want something more than the
               | free models from the government.
        
               | EMIRELADERO wrote:
               | And who would purchase those, and with what?
               | 
               | The only scenario where UBI/UGI would make sense is one
               | where AI can replace most/all humans at any job they
               | could have. At that point it makes no sense for there to
               | be a economic hierarchy at all.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | No, UBI makes sense _right now_ (the exact level that
               | makes sense changes over time), it is a lower-
               | bureaucracy, lower perverse-incentives alternative to
               | means-tested welfare (and, possibly, also minimum wages)
               | as a means of providing a support floor (its not _really_
               | a flat addition because any means of financing it will
               | provide some form of clawback, and if done through the
               | progressive income tax, it becomes redistributiion that
               | compresses the pre-benefit-and-supporting-tax income
               | distribution.
               | 
               | UBG is a completely different story, though.
        
               | Noumenon72 wrote:
               | The way it does all these things is by adding $1,000/mo
               | to everyone's income. That is what UBI is. Whether you
               | choose to cut means-tested welfare or increase
               | progressive taxation alongside it is up to you.
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | - Are you assuming that all these people _also_ have
               | employment income on top of their UBI? Or only UBI? The
               | premise upthread seemed to be UBI in response to mass
               | unemployment caused by automation. Are you sure renters
               | will still have more money in their pockets, even with
               | UBI?
               | 
               | - If they don't have employment, and incomes are $0, then
               | in the absence of UBI, would rent also drop to $0? If
               | not, then I think we're better off with UBI.
               | 
               | - These higher prices for rent and groceries seem like
               | strong incentives for competition. Maybe we can't expect
               | that in NIMBY San Francisco, but without a jobs market,
               | the only attraction to live there is the weather. Why not
               | move somewhere cheaper?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Are you assuming that all these people also have
               | employment income on top of their UBI
               | 
               | Any system with UBI requires other sources of income to
               | exist (thr absence of such sources means that nothing of
               | value is being produced for exchange, in which case any
               | money printed is basically monopoly money and how you
               | distribute it doesn't matter because it isn't doing
               | anything), and a major premise of UBI has always been
               | that it enables those transitionally deprived of income
               | more freedom to reconfigure their lives and ramp up these
               | sources of income (and does so with less redundant--with
               | the progressive tax system--bureaucratic overhead) than
               | do means- and behavior-tested welfare programs.
               | 
               | The particular mix of available other forms of income
               | between wage labor, independent business, or capital
               | don't really change the basic arguments.
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | Well, my question implies that being a landlord would be
               | a remaining source of income, for starters. But if that
               | landlord also owns the automated farms and factories
               | producing consumer goods without labor, then the people
               | they're renting to really might not have any other
               | income. At any rate, where a UBI is substituting for
               | employment income that someone used to earn, but is no
               | longer able to, then I don't think the renter gains
               | purchasing power to pay more for rent. (They do gain free
               | time though).
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | Yes, if you have a single capital owner that owns all
               | productive assets, that's a serious problem that UBI
               | won't solve.
               | 
               | The idea of adopting a downward-redistributive policy
               | like UBI is to do it _before_ that occurs.
        
               | jacobgkau wrote:
               | I had to move out of an apartment a few years ago and
               | into a spare half-story at a friend's house. The
               | apartment was attempting to raise my rent, while not to
               | 100% of my income (yet), a significant amount. Their
               | excuse was "that's the market rate now," and when I told
               | them to F off and went to check other nearby apartments,
               | they were correct, that was the "market rate."
               | 
               | I have absolutely zero doubt that if the government had
               | paid me the difference they were trying to charge (as UBI
               | or any other stipend), they would've raised the rate
               | again by the same amount very quickly. In fact, going by
               | the idea that supply & demand are what caused that
               | (rather than simple landlord greed that I generally see
               | it as), UBI _definitely_ can 't fix it, since UBI will
               | not increase supply or decrease demand-- they'll still
               | need to charge just enough that some people can't afford
               | it in order for there to be "enough."
               | 
               | You're somewhat correct in that the solution (building
               | more housing, I guess) is not really related to UBI.
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | This argument applies equally to never increasing
               | anyone's wages. If income goes up for anyone, rent will
               | instantly rise to match the increase.
               | 
               | (It's not clear why this only applies to rent and not
               | other things people spend money on.)
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | This is correct, it does apply to all forms of wage
               | increases. I wouldn't say "instantly," but yes that's why
               | cities are perpetually expensive despite constantly
               | increasing productivity. They are highly productive ergo
               | they have high wages ergo they can sustain high rents
               | ergo they _have_ high rents ergo they  "are expensive"
               | compared to adjacent markets.
               | 
               | Mentioned above but I'll put it here too for other
               | readers: the reason rent is unique is that in high COL
               | areas, it's driven primarily by the price of land which
               | is has zero supply elasticity. Higher prices induce
               | supply in all other forms of goods and services.
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | High cost of housing and rent is driven just as much by
               | regulations preventing new housing from being built.
        
               | ako wrote:
               | Regulations are causing the fact that housing prices
               | follow purchasing power of potential buyers: it causes a
               | shortage in supply, which means supply side can dictate
               | prices. Prices will be what buyers can afford. Just wait
               | for the next recession, housing prices will fall, even
               | with the same regulations.
        
               | consteval wrote:
               | Rent isn't optional, most things are. For things that are
               | optional, which is really a sliding scale, we do see
               | consumers just stop consuming.
               | 
               | I can't not consume rent, that's never an option.
        
             | jimbokun wrote:
             | Applying it to rent is arbitrary. The general point is that
             | it is inflationary for all goods and services.
             | 
             | That is assuming UBI is funded through government borrowing
             | as we saw with COVID stimulus. If funded through new taxes
             | the inflationary impact should be much less.
             | 
             | (I don't have enough economic training to determine how
             | much less.)
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | Well it's not quite arbitrary because it will induce
               | supply in other goods and services. Rent in high COL
               | areas is driven primarily by land rent (i.e. cost of
               | land, regardless of whether that land is actually rented
               | to the building on top of it or not), which has zero
               | supply elasticity.
               | 
               | And then the other portion of rent (the building itself)
               | is also pretty darn supply-inelastic as well, though not
               | entirely.
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | i live in a high COL area and rent is not high because of
               | land costs. there are several empty lots that people want
               | to build on but the discretionary review process for
               | entitlements make it too easy to wreck the permit process
               | (everybody knows this in the entire world; this is the
               | YIMBY line which has truth to it). another factor is the
               | cost per bedroom to build is very high, due to the cost
               | of building in the market (labor, cost of goods, etc). so
               | it's actually everything to do with the
               | building/entitlements and nothing to do with land cost.
               | at least where i live right now. proof: the college
               | cancelled a massive housing project because it was gonna
               | be too expensive per bedroom. this wasn't because of land
               | costs but building costs.
               | 
               | aside, while i'm at it, let's take another swipe at free
               | market and housing: the YIMBY line has truth about
               | regulations preventing building, but if you look at build
               | starts for like the 10 years after the 2008 crisis,
               | you'll see a lack of buildings that happened during that
               | time. they had record housing starts leading up to the
               | crisis, and you know what also existed then? the same
               | regulatory regime that we are now tearing down to help us
               | build what we need. but after the crisis, the builders
               | stopped building because they were fearful about the
               | market. this suggests to me that "regulations prevent
               | building, just let the free market take care of it," is
               | too simplistic and ignores very real data. the market
               | took care of it by not building.
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | What location is this?
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | burlington, vt. a place that has deep regulatory issues,
               | but that is only part of it.
               | 
               | https://www.vermontpublic.org/local-news/2024-05-23/uvm-
               | halt...
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | So 1) yes construction costs are a huge, huge factor
               | (especially right now), but 2) land is about $1.5MM/ac in
               | Burlington VT. A few miles outside of it, land is about
               | $150,000/ac.
               | 
               | Consider a 2 acre project:
               | 
               | $3MM in land costs inside Burlington
               | 
               | $300,000 in land costs right outside Burlington
               | 
               | What projects would could you do on the $300,000 lot that
               | you can't possible do on the $3MM? Basically all of them!
               | 
               | Regarding the UVM project: they should sell that parking
               | lot to bring the $1.5MM/ac costs closer to $300k/ac so
               | people can build stuff instead of a place to store
               | asphalt :)
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | are you googling your cherry picked facts? nice debate
               | win! (might help to have local context)
               | 
               | regardless, why do you think land in burlington is
               | expensive?
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | No, those are real numbers spot-checked from Zillow. I
               | was on my phone and, ya know, it's an Internet argument,
               | so they're definitely ballparked, but they are from real
               | actual land sales inside Burlington and then a few miles
               | outside of Burlington.
               | 
               | I suppose the delta is surprising to you?
               | 
               | It's expensive because it's productive. The marginal
               | productivity of living/working in Burlington means the
               | market can sustain higher costs, ergo the costs go up.
               | 
               | This is more problematic than every other good because 1)
               | they cannot add more land inside Burlington and 2) the
               | land doesn't actually have higher carrying costs by
               | virtue of being more expensive (unlike roughly every
               | other asset).
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | i look at zillow multiple times per day so i'm well aware
               | of the local market, so no it's not surprising me. zillow
               | doesn't give the full picture of what is happening
               | locally. zillow list price for vacant land doesn't
               | consider all the vacant lots held by people who aren't
               | building for various reasons nor does it consider the
               | surrounding suburbs etc. or the land uvm holds but
               | doesn't develop (who they gonna sell to? they have more
               | money than anybody). there are a lot more variables than
               | just zillow!
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | > Zillow list price for vacant land doesn't consider all
               | the vacant lots held by people who aren't building for
               | various reasons nor does it consider the surrounding
               | suburbs etc. or the land uvm holds but doesn't develop
               | (who they gonna sell to? they have more money than
               | anybody). there are a lot more variables than just
               | zillow!
               | 
               | What? Yes it does. That's how prices work. If UVM sold
               | all of their land, prices would go down, but they aren't
               | selling all of their land, so the prices are higher.
               | 
               | I never said "all land is being used productively." I
               | said "land prices are the primary source of cost in high
               | COL areas." One contributor to high land prices are all
               | the things you mention: people withholding their unused
               | land from the market.
               | 
               | No, there are not more variables than just the sale
               | price. The price of land is the price of land, and it
               | factors in all the variables you mentioned.
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | of course land price contributes to housing cost but
               | "land price" isn't the full picture. i wish it were that
               | simple.
               | 
               | > That's how prices work. If UVM sold all of their land,
               | prices would go down, but they aren't selling all of
               | their land, so the prices are higher.
               | 
               | yes exactly how prices work in a textbook but a textbook
               | is not a local market with all sort of dynamics. imagine
               | the political process of UVM choosing to sell all their
               | land, that is just absurd to be like "they can do that
               | and the price problem is solved!" they probably got the
               | land for very cheap and clearly want to develop but they
               | can't because they can't afford construction costs, for a
               | number of reasons (price of land being only one).
        
               | chgs wrote:
               | Rent suffers more from supply and demand because of
               | artificial supply problems.
               | 
               | Wages have increased far more than the price of food over
               | the last 200 years, wage rises aren't inflationary on
               | their own.
        
               | pcthrowaway wrote:
               | This is why UBI isn't a good solution to the massive glut
               | of problems we're facing.
               | 
               | Which is why universal basic services[1] provide a much
               | better solution, because they make it the government's
               | problem to handle the logistics of creating or procuring
               | the resources people will need.
               | 
               | But after decades of red scare, I don't have much faith
               | the U.S. government will move in this direction, and even
               | the working class may protest it due to how conditioned
               | they are to reject anything they might associate with
               | communism.
               | 
               | [1]:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_basic_services
        
             | SkyBelow wrote:
             | Increasing the rent price makes it much easier for new
             | rentals to come online, as long as the government isn't
             | effectively stopping new competitors. Much the reason why
             | grocery stores, car mechanics, etc. aren't going to raise
             | their prices by an average of $1k/mo.
        
           | dttze wrote:
           | This is the optimistic take. The reality is they will find
           | some way to cull the unwanted poor. These elites in power are
           | stupid, cruel, spiteful, and have no sense of decency.
        
             | markus_zhang wrote:
             | If they don't adopt UBI then some populist politicians are
             | gonna raise a flag and grab some power.
             | 
             | They don't really need those lower end resources anyway. I
             | think they are OK to give them away just in case.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > If they don't adopt UBI then some populist politicians
               | are gonna raise a flag and grab some power.
               | 
               | Only in a democracy.
               | 
               | China has elections, but is also a one-party state. Given
               | the culture (thinking in terms of the group rather than
               | the individual), I think they may actually want UBI
               | anyway.
               | 
               | America is a democracy right now, but such things have
               | been known to change before. Doesn't even need to be all
               | at once -- say the US disenfranchised convicted felons,
               | that would mean the sitting president wouldn't be allowed
               | to vote... and because I google before posting comments,
               | wouldn't you know it, this is already a thing the states
               | do: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felony_disenfranchiseme
               | nt_in_t...
               | 
               | (I don't know how accurate the book title is, does the
               | average American really commit 3 per day?
               | https://www.amazon.de/-/en/Three-Felonies-Day-Target-
               | Innocen...)
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | The trouble is those populist politicians, in the US at
               | least, are the very same billionaires at the top of the
               | system who have somehow convinced the working class
               | people they are on their side.
        
             | hnthrow90348765 wrote:
             | What I think will happen is the US tries to mimic China by
             | creating an even lower class of our workers that form a new
             | industrial/manufacturing base to compete with.
             | 
             | This becomes less of a difficult pill to swallow if a)
             | we're involved in a trade war, b) the economy has crashed
             | and we must work our way out of it "for the country", c)
             | the right people get enough money.
             | 
             | They're too smart for mass murder because that would
             | actually spark a resistance, not to mention get other
             | nations involved. I don't think a sweatshop labor economy
             | will spark a resistance because we can't even resist our
             | current labor abuses (and neither can that segment of
             | China's population).
        
               | alienthrowaway wrote:
               | > What I think will happen is the US tries to mimic China
               | by creating an even lower class of our workers that form
               | a new industrial/manufacturing base to compete with.
               | 
               | Still too optimistic on how long-term the American
               | approach will be. There won't be a UBI, the oligarchy
               | will be paid directly from government coffers. The
               | deficit, bonds and other government instruments will
               | paper over the collapse of tax-revenue and population for
               | a while, before the whole house of cards collapses[1]. I
               | think the billionaires hope to be in space habitats or
               | dead by then, if not, there's always their bunkers in New
               | Zealand - their cache of gold bars should still work
               | there after they ravage the USD. Capital knows no
               | borders.
               | 
               | 1. See late 1990s Russia. Only simple, extractive
               | industries will chug along.
        
               | eli_gottlieb wrote:
               | > They're too smart for mass murder because that would
               | actually spark a resistance
               | 
               | I don't think they're too smart for that. They're too
               | lazy. They prefer to just gut public health and let
               | disease take care of the culling.
        
             | pcthrowaway wrote:
             | > The reality is they will find some way to cull the
             | unwanted poor.
             | 
             | I fear this is going to be achieved with a World War in the
             | not-too-distant future.
             | 
             | Get rid of a lot of dissatisfied poor people and seize some
             | more resources for the wealthy at the same time.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | If "meaning" was a good argument against UBI, then nobody
           | would want pensions, because UBI is exactly the same as
           | setting the state pension age to zero.
        
             | slothtrop wrote:
             | Leaving aside that older people aren't as enthused about FT
             | work they've known for 30 years, many of them keep jobs or
             | get bored and lonely without them. Not everyone wants to
             | sit around crafting useless projects, or consuming.
             | Creating value for others and connecting ( _and_ status
             | signaling) can provide meaning, and granted in retirement
             | there are other vectors for that made available such as
             | volunteering.
             | 
             | It's not a good argument against UBI, but there are better
             | arguments against UBI.
        
               | markus_zhang wrote:
               | I think volunteering could actually solve part of that.
               | Butarge scale of volunteering work, thinking about the
               | scale of unemployment in the future, might need
               | governments to step in to create them.
        
               | AngryData wrote:
               | You don't have to make a binary choice between work and
               | useless craft projects. Community projects and helping
               | other people in their more meaningful projects can be
               | useful and be fulfilling and make someone feel
               | accomplished. Part of the problem with working as much as
               | possible until retirement age is you never build any
               | community presence or report and don't often make friends
               | doing their own projects that would need your help.
        
           | elcritch wrote:
           | The elites leaving common folk relatively alone would be a
           | best case scenario. If people are free to build and supply
           | for themselves with UBI then life wouldn't be bad.
           | 
           | Problem is elites usually want control. Oh you're running
           | small scale manufacturing with open source AI and robots?
           | That'll be a fine for "safety" reasons. Look at California
           | requiring permits for everything.
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | by "UBI" i think you just mean everyone, except for a few,
           | will be on food stamps.
        
             | nartho wrote:
             | Do you have data to back up this claim or is this just bar
             | talk ?
        
           | feoren wrote:
           | I too worry about a future where the rich no longer have any
           | need for the poor. I think the scenario where the rich end up
           | just giving the poor a bit of money each month is an
           | extremely optimistic one. Much more realistic is a slow
           | genocide, where the poor simply die en masse in the streets
           | due to having no homes, food, and healthcare, while such
           | homelessness becomes both increasingly more unavoidable and
           | more illegal.
           | 
           | And before talk about violent uprisings and guillotines:
           | surveillance and law enforcement are also becoming
           | increasingly more powerful and automated. The French
           | Revolution might have turned out differently if the
           | Bourgeoisie had cameras on every street corner and AI-powered
           | murder drones.
        
             | codedokode wrote:
             | Aren't you too pessimistic? 1 kg of rice costs somewhere
             | around $2 here and you won't eat it in a day. So with
             | $20-30 you can have a month worth amount of rice. You don't
             | need thousands of dollars to survive.
             | 
             | And giving everyone $30 every month won't break even
             | developing country economy.
        
               | DrFalkyn wrote:
               | 1 kg of rice has 1300 calories. Not enough for most
               | adults. And not very appetizing if that's all you eat
        
           | opan wrote:
           | >The reason I think UBI won't fix much is, UBI cannot give
           | people purposes to live. Obviously we already have enough
           | material wealth for everyone and UBI is just a confirmation.
           | But "meaning" is always a luxury, and will be more so when
           | less people need to work.
           | 
           | I agree that people will still want/need meaning, and some
           | may lose it, along with their jobs, but having the money for
           | basic needs by default gives you the ability to explore your
           | interests with less risk. You can spend 6 months learning to
           | paint or program or write stories without worrying about food
           | and bills if UBI is properly implemented. If you miss your
           | tech support job, you can go idle in 30 channels on Libera
           | and help people that wander in asking questions about
           | whatever software.
           | 
           | What am I missing here? People giving up without trying to
           | find something to do? People who feel useless if they aren't
           | the family breadwinner? I personally look forward to a day
           | when most people don't need to work, and instead can "work"
           | on what they choose.
        
             | gusmally wrote:
             | Also I think a large chunk of people will be happy to just
             | consume media all day.
        
               | consteval wrote:
               | Or, less pessimistic, a lot of people are happy to
               | consume human relationships all day.
               | 
               | That's what life has always been about for a large
               | segment of people, going back thousands of years. Media
               | is more or less a bandaid. People are busy, people are
               | anxious, people don't want to bother to spend money -
               | media can give the sensation of human interaction without
               | the hard bits.
               | 
               | But ultimately, if I could never work but I was
               | surrounded by my loved ones forever, I would be pretty
               | happy with that. We can find stuff to do, or just do
               | nothing at all. With them, it's always a blast.
        
           | squigz wrote:
           | > The reason I think UBI won't fix much is, UBI cannot give
           | people purposes to live. Obviously we already have enough
           | material wealth for everyone and UBI is just a confirmation.
           | But "meaning" is always a luxury, and will be more so when
           | less people need to work.
           | 
           | Employment is the only - or even best - way of finding
           | meaning in one's life?
        
           | UncleOxidant wrote:
           | > The reason I think UBI won't fix much is, UBI cannot give
           | people purposes to live. Obviously we already have enough
           | material wealth for everyone and UBI is just a confirmation.
           | But "meaning" is always a luxury, and will be more so when
           | less people need to work.
           | 
           | It's not like most jobs in this economy provide purpose and
           | meaning now as it is. People on UBI can find meaning in
           | hobbies, art, hiking, friendships, and other things that they
           | currently don't have time for. Volunteering is another route.
           | Remember how everyone started baking sourdough bread and
           | making home cooked meals when the pandemic started? We'll
           | find other ways to have purpose and meaning. UBI will be a
           | lot like retirement is now only it will last for a much
           | longer portion of the lifetime.
        
           | greenie_beans wrote:
           | i'm very far left ideologically and i think UBI in the
           | current political economy is a bad idea because it's just
           | gonna go to rent etc. all the capitalists will raise their
           | prices.
        
         | jvanderbot wrote:
         | You cannot do everything with robotics, no matter what those
         | selling you robots will claim.
         | 
         | There will always be demand for those supporting the machines
         | that make things. Tech will still require humans.
         | 
         | The goal should be to make as many things as China and EU with
         | a USA population.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | Everything, sure, but that doesn't mean we shouldn't try to
           | have them do the things they can.
        
         | ryandrake wrote:
         | > Who will buy the phones when no one is paid to produce them?
         | The cars? The food and the clothes?
         | 
         | Other wealthy people. I knew someone in the yacht-building
         | business who would say "If you want a business that will last,
         | sell to rich people--they're the ones who have money." We are
         | very quickly moving towards a world where the economic activity
         | (earning + spending + producing) of the median person is
         | insignificant next to the activity of the very rich. There are
         | individuals who have more wealth than the GDP of entire
         | countries.
         | 
         | We're bifurcating into a society like the movie Elysium: A
         | relatively small number of wealthy people who matter to the
         | economy, and a huge number scraping by day to day whose
         | economic activity amounts to a rounding error in the grand
         | scheme of things.
        
           | netsharc wrote:
           | The Uberfication of the workforce is incredible to see: you
           | work when the algorithms tell you there's work, you'll get
           | paid what it wants to pay you.
           | 
           | Cheap transport, cheap postage, cheap delivery of foods...
        
           | hangsi wrote:
           | Tell that to the Pierce-Arrow company: makers of the first
           | official cars for the white house, but they didn't survive
           | cash flow problems from the great depression. Meanwhile, Ford
           | survives.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierce-Arrow_Motor_Car_Company
        
           | atrus wrote:
           | But the wealthy don't _spend_ their money.
           | 
           | A billionaire doesn't spend more money than a million people
           | on...anything probably.
        
           | hsuduebc2 wrote:
           | Wealthy people would buy hundreds of millions of different
           | phones? I strongly doubt it. Luxurious electronics for very
           | rich people is usually something like iphone with diamonds
           | covered back. This solves nothing and creates zero
           | innovations.
        
             | onemoresoop wrote:
             | Maybe they'll subsidise them so they can monitor us
             | 24/7/365
        
           | dgfitz wrote:
           | Have you ever read _Atlas Shrugged_? When I read comments
           | like yours, my head goes there.
        
             | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
             | I have read Atlas Shrugged, but I'm not sure how to
             | interpret your comment.
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | I was referring to this part:
               | 
               | > A relatively small number of wealthy people who matter
               | to the economy, and a huge number scraping by day to day
               | whose economic activity amounts to a rounding error in
               | the grand scheme of things.
        
           | themaninthedark wrote:
           | If I was running a busniess, all tings being equal, I would
           | rather sell 1,000 units at $100 than 10 units at $10,000.
           | 
           | The more customers I have, the less risk there is if I lose a
           | customer. The less I have to bow to my customers whims.
           | 
           | If one of the 10 people ask me to hire their cousin, I might
           | have to do that. If one of the 1,000 people ask me to do so,
           | probably not.
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | As it stands right now, the common people having phones is
           | what justifies investment in the cellular infrastructure.
           | Without that investment, wealthy people can have plenty of
           | phones but no service.
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | Wealth =/= spending, and definitely doesn't equal
           | consumption.
           | 
           | Elon Musk might have more wealth than 1,000,000 US
           | households, but he doesnt eat 3 million meals a day, drive a
           | million cars, or sleep in a million houses.
           | 
           | I would be very interested in seeing the breakdown of
           | consumption instead of wealth, as competition for goods and
           | services produced is where disparity has tangible impact.
           | 
           | However, the productivity of workers in relation to capital
           | is a valid concern for their ability claim the goods
           | produced.
        
           | krohling wrote:
           | Is it realistic to think that the poors will start their own
           | economy servicing each other? I'm sure there would be chaos
           | and violence for a period but eventually it seems like the
           | path upward would be a whole new economic system for that
           | 98%. This system could even make use of the automation
           | offered by AI.
        
         | treis wrote:
         | The West more or less doesn't pay the people who produce phones
         | today. Partially because they don't make much and partially
         | because of the trade imbalance.
        
         | bufferoverflow wrote:
         | When all the labor (physical or mental) is automated, you've
         | basically solved a huge problem for humanity. Doesn't matter
         | who owns the robots. They either share the products of the
         | labor for close to nothing, or they are producing for
         | themselves only. Someone will produce for the population.
        
         | ChuckMcM wrote:
         | There is an interesting twist here. "Socialist" and "Communist"
         | economic models where those who can't work are supported by
         | spreading a portion of the GDP produced by an economy to
         | support those (whether it is UBI or a 'free' living space,
         | whatever) are more able to make the transition to a robotic
         | workforce.
         | 
         | In the US, if we transformed to a robotic manufacturing base
         | today our oligarchs would horde all of the resulting wealth
         | that was generated rather than provide for folks who were no
         | longer employable. As a result we get strong labor actions that
         | resist the automation of factories because they know that if
         | their jobs are replaced by robots, they won't be able to work.
         | 
         | The other twist has been the "GenAI" replacement[1] of
         | technical workers today which is easier to do because of the
         | lack of unions and collective bargaining leverage. They are
         | getting screwed faster than the factory workers are.
         | 
         | The 'utopian' outcome when a society overproduces wealth
         | relative to its population is distribution of that wealth
         | across the population, a "post scarcity" society where people
         | can do what ever they want without fear of poverty. A
         | 'dystopian' outcome when a society overproduces wealth relative
         | to its population is the concentration of wealth into
         | individuals and their families and regulatory capture that
         | prevents any distribution outside of that circle. Dooming the
         | bulk of society to poverty and depredation.
         | 
         | While China has it's oligarchs, its communist roots may allow
         | it to come out on the positive side of the transformation. The
         | US, in its current configuration, would likely not become a
         | post-scarcity society.
         | 
         | [1] Yes, I know, so far it hasn't actually been an productivity
         | or efficiency 'win' yet, and may not ever be, but it is
         | happening anyway.
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | I still haven't seen an example of technical workers being
           | replaced by AI
        
             | ChuckMcM wrote:
             | Perhaps we have differing definitions of "technical
             | workers" ? Here in the Bay Area at least there are a number
             | of companies which are replacing "senior staff" with an LLM
             | and a junior engineer. The argument is that this
             | combination is "cheaper" than the salary paid to the senior
             | engineer. For me that is exactly analogous to replacing a
             | factor worker with a robotic work station and a technician
             | to maintain the robot. There is a ceiling on that junior
             | engineer's career which occurs when they are themselves
             | replaced by another junior engineer to reset the salary
             | cost.
             | 
             | We've seen some of them post "Ask HN's" about what they
             | should do now because they aren't getting callbacks or any
             | traction on their job search.
             | 
             | What I haven't seen yet is this replacement penciling out
             | to _actually_ be less expensive when you look at time to
             | complete tasks and support costs from faulty code /designs
             | getting fairly far into production before being re-tooled.
             | That may turn out to be endemic (at which point the
             | replacement will stop and the trend will reverse) or there
             | may be developments that mitigate these costs and get the
             | combination to be more cost effective. It's something I
             | watch for, evidence of it going one way or the other.
        
         | regularization wrote:
         | Keynes wrote about how this can be done, while kicking the can
         | down the road. Basically debt of all types, and government
         | spending. For the US this would be military expenditures and
         | social welfare for the elderly.
         | 
         | Of course the can can only be kicked down the road so far. So
         | to answer your question more in depth, there was a German exile
         | in England who wrote a book answering this question back in
         | 1867.
        
           | aaronblohowiak wrote:
           | And yet the revolutions he inspired end up (in many ways)
           | more dystopian than the capitalism they seek to replace..
        
             | lenerdenator wrote:
             | Since then there's been a realization that you can simply
             | regulate the worst aspects of capitalism while still
             | reaping most of its rewards.
             | 
             | Now, that has been realized - but hasn't happened - _in the
             | United States_ , but it can certainly be done.
             | 
             | It'll probably be too late though.
        
             | AngryData wrote:
             | So what? People have been misinterpreting and misusing
             | knowledge, realizations, and stories since basically
             | forever. That doesn't make the original works worthless or
             | any less insightful. You would be hard pressed to link most
             | of the policies of communist nations to things Marx said or
             | advocated for. The vast majority of Marx's works is
             | pointing out flaws in capitalism, not prescribing policies
             | to use instead.
        
               | aaronblohowiak wrote:
               | I agree with your points but they do not lead to the
               | conclusion that the GP was implying (that Marx contains
               | the solution to what ails us)
        
         | megaman821 wrote:
         | Why are manufacturing jobs special? People will upgrade their
         | tastes to consume more. Middle class houses with artistic stone
         | work and well-manicured gardens. Skin treatments, massages, and
         | health scans galore. More entertainment and more niche too.
         | Banking apps that could win design awards. We are nowhere near
         | the end of useful work.
        
           | guhidalg wrote:
           | I think most MAGAs have this idea that 1) manufacturing is a
           | good paying job and 2) if the US isn't manufacturing stuff,
           | that means China is doing it for us, which will lead to 3)
           | when we decide to go to war with China we will not have the
           | industrial capacity to fight the war. In their world model,
           | the opportunity cost of manufacturing things domestically is
           | not considered, and certainly not the benefits of
           | manufacturing things cheaply abroad and having US workers
           | move up the value chain.
        
             | from-nibly wrote:
             | Is there not opportunity cost in both directions? At some
             | point someone needs to have a reason to trade with the us
             | right? Specializing only works when line goes up forever.
             | Heck sometimes line not going up as fast as yesterday is a
             | "crisis".
        
               | guhidalg wrote:
               | > Is there not opportunity cost in both directions?
               | 
               | Yes, but there are more working age people outside the US
               | than inside the US, and they're willing to work for less
               | than people in the US.
               | 
               | > At some point someone needs to have a reason to trade
               | with us right?
               | 
               | We trade plenty of goods, and we trade more services than
               | goods. The people that produce services tend to be
               | college educated, which is negatively correlated with
               | conservatism.
               | 
               | > Specializing only works when line goes up forever.
               | 
               | I'm not sure what you mean by this. If you want cheaper
               | and better quality goods and services, then you need
               | specialization. Every country had some competitive
               | advantage, whether it's natural resources or specific
               | human capital. When an economic downturn happens, it's
               | not like that competitive advantage suddenly moves
               | abroad. If it's cheaper to make things in China, it's
               | still going to be cheaper during a recession. Raising
               | tariffs on China _maybe_ means companies move
               | manufacturing elsewhere, or _maybe_ means they just pass
               | on costs to consumers. I'm willing to bet money it's the
               | latter.
        
           | kccqzy wrote:
           | Your comment perfectly illustrates why communism doesn't
           | work. The one-sentence summary of communism is "from each
           | according to his ability, to each according to his needs" and
           | clearly people's needs grow. I don't know how much longer CCP
           | can still keep communism in its name; how will CCP leaders
           | reconcile that the fact that only by abandoning communism did
           | the country rise?
        
             | EMIRELADERO wrote:
             | What happens when every single physical and mental job that
             | could be done by humans is done by AI/robots? Sure, you'll
             | always have people imagining and creating new things, but
             | it doesn't seem wise to tie that to economic compensation
             | when technology reaches a state where every single human
             | being gets to experience an upper-middle class American
             | lifestyle, unconditionally, from birth to death.
        
             | thiagoharry wrote:
             | Communism, as you described, is an ideal. An horizon, a
             | direction to walk. Therefore, it never was achieved, and it
             | is not expected to be achieved in any short term. So, it
             | does not make sense saying that only after abandoning
             | communism China rose. What they abandonned was a soviet
             | flavour of socialism. Communism never existed (at least not
             | the flavor that you described), but it is still an
             | inspiration and source of values. Perhaps in a far future,
             | with more technology, and without existing an upper class
             | above a lower class this could be possible.
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | > Why are manufacturing jobs special?
           | 
           | Because you need manufacturing to win wars, or to be seen by
           | outside great powers that you're in a position of winning
           | wars. You're not winning wars based on git commit messages,
           | but based on the steel any one country is able to produce at
           | a certain moment in time (and to transform it into
           | tanks/armoured vehicles and artillery shells).
        
             | megaman821 wrote:
             | That is manufacturing capacity, not jobs. A factory of ten
             | people and a few hundred robots is fine. Other types of
             | manufacturing like chips, aerospace and medical equipment
             | are high value and low workforce.
             | 
             | Tariffs and industrial policy may increase the US'
             | manufacturing capacity, but don't expect to see many
             | manufacturing jobs from it.
        
               | sgnelson wrote:
               | aerospace in the US is very much NOT low workforce. It's
               | quite the opposite. One of the highest employers of
               | "traditional" manufacturing in some ways. I think you
               | also underestimate how many employees are required for
               | medical equipment manufacturing as well.
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | > A factory of ten people and a few hundred robots is
               | fine
               | 
               | Don't think that that is true when it comes to the steel
               | industry when you include all the verticals, i.e. mineral
               | extraction + transportation of said minerals + energy
               | production + transportation of said energy. You need
               | qualified people for that, lots of them. And I've yet to
               | see the steel factory that can be run with only 10, 25 or
               | even 100 people.
        
               | megaman821 wrote:
               | Yes, 10 people is a gross exaggeration, but manufacturing
               | output has remained the same while manufacturing
               | employment has fallen over the last few decades. Advanced
               | robotics will continue the trend even if policy pushes
               | manufacturing output up. There is no realistic way to
               | drastically increase manufacturing employment.
        
         | keybored wrote:
         | Why is this difficult to imagine? The capitalists need human
         | labor commodity as long as, well, human labor commodity is the
         | only labor commodity that can do the job. Once it (if ever)
         | isn't? And _they_ own all the robots that can do the work? _And
         | they_ own all the robot soldiers that can protect their ill-
         | gotten wealth? (Just in short total automation) Well, no need
         | for consumer capitalism any more. Then you just have
         | totalitarian capitalism where everyone else will have to live
         | out their lives at the total mercy of those overlords.
         | 
         | (It doesn't _have_ to pan out like that. But the point remains
         | that there's not law of nature that consumer capitalism has to
         | continue, even under Capitalism.)
        
         | gwbas1c wrote:
         | That was a fear the first time automation came around. (I have
         | a vague memory of machines used for weaving textiles.) Turns
         | out people bought more cheap clothes, and thus people were
         | needed to run the machines.
         | 
         | I would assume that automating menial jobs in one place will
         | create menial jobs in another place. I would also push for
         | strengthening social security so we can lower the retirement
         | age. If there really are less menial jobs to go around, it's
         | easier to shrink the workforce if everyone can retire at 55
         | instead of 65.
        
         | ambicapter wrote:
         | The plight of the poor is not an economic problem it is purely
         | a political one. Progress in technology isn't really a root
         | cause of poverty, rather a proximate cause with the root cause
         | being "because the fruits of technology are not adequately
         | shared by government policy", a policy issue.
         | 
         | Tax the billionaires and do what government is supposed to do
         | (use that money to protect the safety of their people), it
         | won't matter if they make their wealth via robots or via
         | people.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | Economics is inherently political. The original (and more
           | descriptive) term for the subject is "political economy".
        
             | ambicapter wrote:
             | > Economics is inherently political.
             | 
             | Yes? The political policies will have an impact on the
             | economy.
        
         | carlosjobim wrote:
         | In past times this question was solved by the ruling class
         | commissioning monumental buildings and fine art, as well
         | consuming enormous amounts of luxuries. This gave at least some
         | form of employment back to the people.
         | 
         | Today's rulers however have no interest in monuments or in
         | culture. And the great expenses of the past time have mostly
         | gone out of fashion; such as having a harem, waging small wars,
         | or constructing impressive public works. Today's rulers are
         | content to let everything rot, as long as they themselves get
         | to sit highest up on the pile. Not even maintaining their power
         | through client networks cost them much, as they sway the entire
         | population any which way they desire through the media. And
         | that cost is tiny. The populace worship their rulers because
         | they are told to, and the rulers do not need to show their
         | greatness in any way at all.
         | 
         | The only exceptions I can think about who are actually doing
         | something different, are the American billionaires building
         | space ships. At least that's something.
        
         | heavyset_go wrote:
         | Read the Plutonomy paper from CitiGroup circa 2005:
         | https://delong.typepad.com/plutonomy-1.pdf
        
         | danans wrote:
         | > Who will buy the phones when no one is paid to produce them?
         | The cars? The food and the clothes
         | 
         | The headline last week was that the top 10% now accounts for
         | 50% of consumer spending [1]. As that trend accelerates, the
         | economy will reconfigure to focus ever more on selling goods
         | and services to a smaller, wealthier group of people.
         | 
         | This trend is already visible in many service-oriented sectors
         | (i.e. concierge medicine, private membership based ski resorts,
         | etc).
         | 
         | Exacerbating wealth inequality is the objective with which
         | these technologies are being deployed, even if it's not the
         | objective with which they are developed by engineers and
         | scientists.
         | 
         | 1. https://www.wsj.com/economy/consumers/us-economy-strength-
         | ri...
        
       | yannis wrote:
       | How I hate articles like this, painting everything as
       | "existential" threat. Feeding the paranoia that has grubbed the
       | US. Everything is viewed as a threat.
        
         | piva00 wrote:
         | Paranoia is the USA's way of life, when life always seems to be
         | teetering on the edge of a cliff: losing your job at a moment's
         | time, losing your life savings for a healthcare emergency,
         | losing your kid to a school shooting, losing your stuff to
         | burglars. Any of these have a very low chance of happening but
         | they can be so life-changing that Americans seem to always be
         | in some state of paranoia, a low-trust society with few safety
         | nets and a highly-competitive mindset is primed for that.
         | 
         | American media just capitalises on the sentiment, it's a
         | vicious cycle of abusing paranoia. The government does it too,
         | just look at the red-scare from the Cold War that feeds into
         | American public discourse to this day, anything remotely
         | socially progressive is "communist".
         | 
         | It's amusing and sad to watch from a distance.
        
           | RealityVoid wrote:
           | I've observed this as well, I do wonder though if that
           | doesn't strongly encourage competitivity(is this word right?
           | autocorrect highlights it, huh) and make people work... well,
           | more. More effective, more time, more angry. It's certainly
           | one possible explanation for why they dominate in many areas.
           | But it does sound like such an exhausting thing.
        
             | jsnider3 wrote:
             | > competitivity "competitiveness" might be the word you
             | want.
        
               | gusmally wrote:
               | competition?
        
             | gosub100 wrote:
             | I don't think it makes us work more, but I think it makes
             | us less satisfied with our lives. Which ultimately fuels
             | the consumerism and pleasure-seeking.
        
               | RealityVoid wrote:
               | Well, that solves the consumption part of the things, but
               | not the production side.
        
               | consteval wrote:
               | The production side of things comes from exploitation -
               | the US is the strongest imperialist force in the world.
               | We don't just exploit the periphery, we also exploit our
               | own citizens to the maximum they can bear.
        
           | chrisco255 wrote:
           | Well if it's worked so well thus far, why change it up? I
           | suspect that if a country is not at least a little paranoid
           | about the competition that it doesn't stay #1 for long.
        
             | piva00 wrote:
             | To me it's a problem of causality, does it actually made
             | the USA be "#1" for long? Is it helping society to be this
             | paranoid about everything and everyone?
             | 
             | I'm no sociologist to answer that but I question if it's a
             | causal link or if it's more a case of "despite the", what
             | if the USA could be doing better without the paranoia,
             | maybe it's a drag and not a push... It surely seems to be
             | dragging society down into a dark path.
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | Ironic, since the rage/fear-baiting and hijacking of dopamine
         | is an existential threat!
        
           | pphysch wrote:
           | Once upon a time, a US president said "the only thing we have
           | to fear is fear itself". His unconventional administration
           | brought USA from deep economic depression into a golden age.
           | 
           | Meanwhile, the current ruling elite smears him as one of the
           | worst presidents of all time, and has spent decades undoing
           | that legacy and racing towards a repeat of 1929.
        
             | dingnuts wrote:
             | he also ran for reelection four times and made private
             | ownership of gold illegal, and vastly expanded the power of
             | the executive branch.
             | 
             | Reminds me a lot of the current guy and his obsession with
             | another term, and whether or not the gold (that FDR largely
             | stole from the people in the first place) is in Ft Knox.
             | 
             | I guess the biggest difference is DOGE but it's all too
             | much centralized power for me
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | The difference between DOGE and FDR banning gold hoarding
               | over $100 ($2K+ today) is that the latter targets the
               | wealthy, while the former is focused on looting public
               | goods to enrich the privately wealthy.
               | 
               | It could be seen as naked class warfare either way, but
               | they are opposites. Increasing wealth inequality is
               | fantastic path to social unrest and weakened
               | institutions.
               | 
               | FDR was the leader of a republic, Musk is a classic
               | robber baron.
        
               | consteval wrote:
               | IMO his expansion of the government was a best case
               | scenario. The US was quickly barreling towards a
               | socialist revolution. Any other president, particularly a
               | greedy ultra-capitalist, would've stoked that flame.
               | 
               | The American people were angry about their exploitation
               | at a level that hasn't been seen since the creation of
               | the US. He successfully bread crumbed the poor away from
               | taking heads, literally. We so often forget that the most
               | powerful people in this nation is Us, the People. We vote
               | and we revolt. A nation-wide catastrophe is the perfect
               | opportunity for mass organization.
               | 
               | Make no mistake, FDR was a staunch free market
               | capitalist. He just wasn't stupid.
        
         | Fricken wrote:
         | The US has squandered its advanced manufacturing capabilities,
         | warning bells have been sounding for decades, and yes, those
         | chickens will eventually come home to roost. Not yet but soon.
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | trying to spread democracy to China through its economy was
           | the biggest mistake the US has made in 50 years.
        
             | onemoresoop wrote:
             | It seems eager to make even bigger mistakes. The current
             | administration started playing with levers it does not
             | understand.
        
             | karmasimida wrote:
             | Or China will come around one way or another. It is not
             | like US did all the hard work.
             | 
             | Let me put it another way, even if China is a democracy, it
             | will still compete with US in world economy. So many people
             | there need work, the price will be low to produce things
             | there.
             | 
             | Blame US's manufacturing woe fully on China isn't logical,
             | Japan/South Korea are of the same breed, just lesser on
             | China's scale.
             | 
             | Another arguably more important factor is the over
             | regulation and bloated governance here, to a degree of
             | being comical, just look at the California government.
             | 
             | Is this drawn out, lengthy democratic process really for
             | anything of substance or just performative virtual
             | signaling that essentially benefits no one in the name of
             | benefiting everyone?
             | 
             | Anti manufacturing is a choice, made the government, thus
             | by the populace themselves. And please, do not bring Trump,
             | California has been in a Dem super majority since 2012.
        
             | Fricken wrote:
             | I never believed that the "spreading of democracy" was any
             | more than a flimsy pretext for exploiting China's cheap
             | labour.
        
         | Analemma_ wrote:
         | When there's no social safety net and you live in a society
         | which insists on "he who does not work, does not eat", anything
         | which sidelines labor is not "perceived as" an existential
         | threat, it _is_ an existential threat. And recognizing it as
         | such is not paranoia, but straightforward realism.
         | 
         | If you don't want the paranoia, then fix the system which
         | causes people to (correctly) see automation as pure downside.
        
         | csomar wrote:
         | The sub-title of the article is completely unhinged:
         | 
         | > China's Dominance Playbook, General Purpose Robotics Is The
         | Holy Grail, Robotic Systems Breakdown, Supply Chain Hardships,
         | The West Is Positioned Backward And Covering Their Eyes,
         | China's Clear Path to Full Scale Automation, Call For Action
         | 
         | I closed the page quickly despite the subject matter is
         | something I am interested in. Also the AI generated images that
         | have no raison d'etre of being there.
        
       | imtringued wrote:
       | China is known to scale out in the low end market without having
       | a strategy to go upmarket.
       | 
       | Reading this article I honestly got the opposite impression.
       | China is hopelessly behind Japan in both high end machine tools
       | and robotics.
        
         | digital_sawzall wrote:
         | China creates the most high end drones and 3d printers, and my
         | Hisense TV is better and cheaper any of my Samsung's. This is
         | from personal experience of things I have purchased.
        
         | sct202 wrote:
         | China is definitely growing quickly. At the trade shows I go to
         | where some of the robots in the article are presented, Chinese
         | companies have become quite prominent in the last few years
         | when they were completely non-existent 10 years ago.
        
         | pphysch wrote:
         | This "is known" is doing a lot of heavy lifting. "Is known" 15
         | years ago, perhaps. Things are changing rapidly.
        
         | decimalenough wrote:
         | I take it you haven't seen any Chinese cars lately.
         | Particularly in the EV space they're demolishing the
         | competition in price and quality, and a huge part of that is
         | thanks to automation with the robots described here.
         | 
         | Check out eg the Xpeng G6, which delivers an Audi ride but
         | undercuts the Tesla Model Y on price:
         | 
         | https://www.xpeng.com/g6
        
           | russli1993 wrote:
           | And the 2025 xpeng g6 is so much better than previous model,
           | 5C charging battery, better ride, even better energy
           | efficiency, better looks, better interior design, 30% of car
           | parts are updated. And they delivered this update 2 years
           | after the first model, when normally it takes other companies
           | 5 years for an upgrade of this size. They have positive
           | margins on a 17-20k RMB, 270 miles+, 350KW charging, FSD like
           | autonomous driving EV, even though they have to price it this
           | low due to ultra-competitive market. They can't do this
           | without Chinese supply chain. Speed of iterations,
           | innovations, fast time to market, efficiency is this all
           | about.
        
         | papertokyo wrote:
         | It "was known" in the 60s that Japanese electronics and cars
         | were inferior in design and quality. Chinese products are going
         | through the same trajectory.
        
         | missedthecue wrote:
         | China has multiple 100% indigenous fifth-gen fighters man. They
         | have domestically designed and built nuclear reactors. They
         | have a 100% indigenous space station.
        
       | blueyes wrote:
       | Some authors of this piece are deeply involved themselves in
       | building robots and other hardware technology. They should be
       | taken seriously. The US is moving into a trade war, however
       | unwise, with the country that supplies components for everything
       | we make and need. That country has expansionist ambitions and a
       | superior manufacturing base, which is typically what wins wars.
        
         | sieabahlpark wrote:
         | Damn, thanks for plainly stating why we need manufacturing back
         | to the states.
        
           | rtp4me wrote:
           | Yes, and I think this is the core motivation behind the Trump
           | messaging - bring it back to the US if possible. In fact, he
           | wants to bring back commercial and maritime ship building
           | back[1]. Pretty cool! Hopefully this will employ lots of
           | people.
           | 
           | [1] https://news.usni.org/2025/03/05/trumps-make-
           | shipbuilding-gr...
        
             | torginus wrote:
             | Well, no matter what he wants, there's a reason China has
             | 5-10 year plans and not 2 week ones.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | This is Chinas greatest strength and their greatest
               | weakness. They can actually commit to policy positions
               | when they're effective, but they also _commit_ to policy
               | positions when they 're not effective.
        
             | paulryanrogers wrote:
             | Shame it's being bungled with flip flops for nothing in
             | return. Nor any achievable commitments which business can
             | plan for or count on.
        
             | alienthrowaway wrote:
             | At the same time, he's ripping up the CHIPS act. It's the
             | duality of Trump: he wants to bring manufacturing back,
             | except when he doesn't.
        
               | Sabinus wrote:
               | Words and desires are easy. Crafting, marketing and
               | enacting policy to achieve the goals set by your words
               | and desires is difficult. The world is complex and reacts
               | in complex ways, but try to say that to a Trump voter and
               | get called a disconnected elitist.
        
             | idiotsecant wrote:
             | Talk is cheap, as they say. It's one thing to want
             | something to happen, it's entirely another to actually make
             | it so.
             | 
             | Generally disassembling the machinery of state and starting
             | trade wars is not an effective way to achieve your policy
             | objectives unless your policy objective is economic and
             | social chaos.
        
             | Hikikomori wrote:
             | Gonna build boats with steel and aluminium tariffs at 50%
             | or more? Good luck with that.
             | 
             | This isn't something you turn around in a few years by
             | adding tariffs, it's a long term strategy that requires
             | high investments and tariffs. Like the chip act, but Biden
             | did that so that cant happen either.
        
             | mercutio2 wrote:
             | "Back" is in the mid 1800's, you mean?
             | 
             | Or "back" as in when we built astonishingly expensive
             | liberty ships for a large fraction of our GDP in WW2?
             | 
             | Because since the move to steel ships, there's never been a
             | time the US has been good at building ships.
             | 
             | Brian Potter goes into great detail on this [0], it's a
             | great read.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.construction-physics.com/p/why-cant-the-us-
             | build...
        
               | mptest wrote:
               | see also: his attacks on the "horrible" CHIPS act [0]. If
               | anyone think he's doing anything good for anyone but
               | billionaires, contact me. I've got some trump coin to
               | sell you.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.reuters.com/technology/trump-wants-
               | kill-527-bill...
        
             | groby_b wrote:
             | "Back" as in undermining EV manufacturing? And non-fossil
             | power generation?
             | 
             | "Back" as in massively increasing input costs?
             | 
             | "Back" as in alienating close allies who are a large part
             | of our customer base?
             | 
             | "Back" as in repeatedly disrupting the supply chain by
             | flip-flopping on tariffs without a clear plan?
             | 
             | "Back" as in undermining research across the board?
             | 
             | The current policy will not employ lots of people. It will
             | have lots of people out of work fairly soon, if we continue
             | on the current path. It will diminish our industrial base
             | further, and reset our manufacturing skills to the 80s or
             | earlier. But hey, at least toy manufacturers are hiring,
             | that's a really important industry.
             | 
             | Setting aside any questions about intentions, the _effects_
             | of the current policies are hugely deleterious.
        
             | whatever1 wrote:
             | He is gonna import raw materials from where ? Currently he
             | started trade war with all of his allies ?
        
             | HDThoreaun wrote:
             | Ship building is non existent in this country because of
             | the protectionist jones act. Protectionism backfires every
             | time.
        
             | torginus wrote:
             | And is the effort to deport as many Mexican skilled
             | tradesmen and manual laborers as possible the part of this
             | grand plan?
        
             | dluan wrote:
             | The US makes 5 commercial ships per year. China makes
             | 1,700.
             | 
             | https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/containers/us-wakes-up-
             | to-...
        
           | ActorNightly wrote:
           | Not gonna happen. On the 1% chance we have a fair election
           | next time around and Dems get elected, they will be too busy
           | cleaning up the Republican mess, and nobody will notice. Just
           | like what happened under Biden.
           | 
           | China ironically can end US by simply providing easy
           | immigration for qualified tech workers.
        
             | chii wrote:
             | > simply providing easy immigration for qualified tech
             | workers.
             | 
             | I dont believe those tech workers would wish to move,
             | unless the political system in china changes to one that is
             | more amenable to democracy; not to mention that having high
             | salaries in the US, it will be impossible to achieve
             | similar levels in china after migration (even if the PPP
             | remains the same!).
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | Move to a democracy-amenable country that isn't engaging
               | in a trade with with China.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | Err, a trade war. That typo really bungled my comment,
               | haha.
        
               | ActorNightly wrote:
               | I mean, you are going to see an exodus of tech workers
               | regardless as US economy withers up and other countries
               | (probably in EU) pick up the slack.
               | 
               | China won't even have to have high salaries, all they
               | would need to do is basically set up immigrant
               | neighborhoods that have all the familiar things that US
               | people like, and through the nature of just being around
               | people of similar status, whatever the salary everyone
               | gets paid gets normalized - there isn't anything you
               | would be able to buy to "flex" on your peers, and
               | everyone would be in the same boat.
        
               | t-3 wrote:
               | China isn't interested in immigration. In a relatively
               | liberal and democratic country like the US, immigration
               | is a boon because we don't care all that much about
               | political or economic stability and are used to not
               | having it. In an authoritarian oligarchy like China it's
               | poison because an unstable environment will see the
               | government in trouble quickly when people lose confidence
               | in the party and leadership.
        
               | yuppii wrote:
               | But if China starts importing immigrants, it will be just
               | another shithole. Their quality and success come from
               | their own population. Importing foreigners is just
               | poisoning yourself your culture and future.
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | Well according to you, sieabahlpark, the trivial threat of
           | the lack of manufacturing products in the US pales in
           | comparison to the enormous menacing threat of the lack of
           | manufacturing babies, because so many "genocidal maniacs" are
           | hell bent on not breeding. Your final solution to America's
           | population manufacturing shortfalls is building more baby
           | factories, and punishing those genocidal maniacs who refuse
           | to breed.
           | 
           | Your previous posting was full of hysterical bile accusing
           | people who simply don't want to have children as performing,
           | and I quote your own inflammatory words, "genocide": "You're
           | more aligned with societal genocide." "You can begin by not
           | phrasing it like a genocidal maniac. Okay? Thanks." "You're
           | delusional at best, manipulative at worst." "You honestly are
           | just calling for suicide and genocide of America." "You speak
           | from very common genocide playbooks." "Your weird
           | prosecutorial fetish with you and your offspring being a
           | "burden" is fucked" "I think you're actually just depressed
           | and/or suicidal and are trying to perversely convince society
           | that your mindset is somehow healthy" "I'm sure your view of
           | life through shelters and abandoned people leaves you with
           | the hard reality of many shitty people" "You need a therapist
           | to talk about the deeply engrained depressive and suicidal
           | slant of your ideology. It makes zero sense." And ironically:
           | "You've proven to have no understanding of compassion or
           | empathy and actively champion societal genocide."
           | 
           | So how much money do you insist the government divert from
           | other purposes and put towards tracking down and arresting
           | all those genocidal maniacs committing crimes against
           | humanity by refusing to pump out as many babies as possible,
           | arresting and putting all those potential parents on trial,
           | and incarcerating them for the rest of their lives, if not
           | simply executing them by firing squad, for their indecent
           | genocidal crimes against humanity?
           | 
           | Your ideological plans to punish "genocidal maniacs" for not
           | having babies will certainly be great for the prison
           | industry, unless you want to out-source our overloaded
           | justice system and the tasks of arresting, prosecuting,
           | punishing, and executing genocidal Americans to the Hague or
           | Russia.
           | 
           | Rest assured, I don't want to suppress or even discourage
           | your precious free speech (like you so hysterically and
           | emphatically want to suppress mine about Elon Musk), and
           | that's why I'm quoting your exact words for everyone else to
           | read, and asking you to explain yourself more fully. So
           | please do tell us more details about your brilliant plans to
           | revitalize the American population and economy by rounding up
           | and punishing genocidal maniacs, building more baby
           | factories, and forced maternal labor camps? Where do you get
           | your ideas from? Was there a sequel to the Project 2025 plan
           | I missed? Citations and links and evidence, please!
        
         | cladopa wrote:
         | >That country has expansionist ambitions and a superior
         | manufacturing base, which is typically what wins wars.
         | 
         | What country are you referring to. US with Greenland, and
         | Canada?
        
           | dingnuts wrote:
           | CHINA!
        
             | moomin wrote:
             | By the time MAGA is finished, it'll be Greenland.
        
         | seanmcdirmid wrote:
         | We can eventually automate our economy by buying software and
         | hardware from China. By electing Trump, we basically missed the
         | chance to lead on anything, and instead decided to engage full
         | time in trade and culture wars that aren't really going to
         | yield anything. But as long as the work gets done, even if in
         | China, we should be able to enjoy it.
        
           | Joel_Mckay wrote:
           | Indeed, no one sane will invest in building factory systems
           | on US soil under a Kakistocracy.
           | 
           | Robot platforms are already a difficult business model in the
           | private sector. With the exception of robot vacuums the
           | market just isn't viable in the US yet. Best of luck =3
        
             | rtp4me wrote:
             | It seems Honda just decided to produce the next Civic in
             | Indiana. See [1].
             | 
             | [1] https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-
             | transportation/honda-...
        
               | Aromasin wrote:
               | "Just decided" =/= decided today. They decided months if
               | not years ago, after months of negotiations with local
               | authorities. Don't look at plants opening now to judge
               | the current administration. Look at it 2 years from now.
        
               | rtp4me wrote:
               | I don't know - the article specifically said Honda will
               | produce the cars "to avoid potential tariffs". I don't
               | think the Trump tariffs were in place "years ago"...
        
               | toss1 wrote:
               | Of course, a marketing line to fit the current situation
               | (and curry favor with the current vindictive
               | administration) is easily added/updated at press time.
               | 
               | This does not mean the making of the deals and building
               | the factory had anything to do with it at the time, but
               | stating that those past decisions also have benefit in
               | today's situation is not surprising.
               | 
               | It also does not mean that this has anything to do with
               | the actual reason the deals and investments were made
               | years ago. As you point out, those deals & investments
               | years ago couldn't have anything to do with this week's
               | tariffs.
        
               | dismalpedigree wrote:
               | Its not a new plant. I drove by it several months ago on
               | I-74. Its been there awhile.
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | Indeed, products for domestic markets may have some
               | incentives to avoid international supply chains.
               | 
               | The policies likely will just lead to multiple heavily
               | coupled regional factories producing identical products
               | at higher COGS. Controlling supply and demand in theory
               | also makes communism more efficient, but in practice
               | eventually has unintended economic consequences.
               | 
               | We shall see how this evolves... May our popcorn be
               | plentiful =3
        
               | dluan wrote:
               | You're pointing out one plant making one model in one
               | city. Chinese EV manufacturers are rolling out new models
               | every week.
        
               | themaninthedark wrote:
               | Does the number of new models mean a good thing?
               | 
               | It I had a watch company and I rolled out new models of
               | watches every week;
               | 
               | 1. Either there would be so little variation that people
               | would have choice paralysis. 2. People would wonder why I
               | couldn't keep a consistent product line with concerns of
               | product quality. 3. People would have major concerns
               | about repairs and service parts availability since the
               | next new things was not a couple years ago but quite
               | literally, last week.
        
               | Hikikomori wrote:
               | Quick peek on Wikipedia tells me that they've been
               | producing Civic there since 2008.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | Yeah I didn't understand how this was news. Civics and
               | Accords for the US market have been produced in the US
               | for decades. This isn't anything new to my eyes, maybe I
               | missed something though.
        
               | mptest wrote:
               | >how this was news I'll explain. It's a 'news' article
               | from an arm of a multinational conglomerate trying to
               | massage the economic harm the isolationist fascists
               | currently in charge of the us govt are doing for
               | (hopefully) obvious material reasons. see also: literally
               | any of wapo's recent journalistic history, the nyt on
               | gaza, social media like twitter's political shift, the
               | tech ceo's in the front row of trump's inauguration, or
               | if you prefer books, manufacturing consent,
               | technofuedalism (yanis), surveillance capitalism, etc,
               | etc, etc. capitalists stick together.
        
             | germinalphrase wrote:
             | Consumer robotics, maybe - but commercial robotics has been
             | a critical component of (for instance) Amazon's fulfillment
             | infrastructure.
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | Amazon acquired that facet of its business, and should
               | not be considered a B2B product.
               | 
               | Most general purpose robot firms just don't do well
               | domestically, and rarely make it past a business cycle. I
               | would partner with Festo Germany before touching US
               | markets. =3
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | Most general purpose robot firms don't do well at all,
               | because until very recently, general purpose robotics
               | have fallen short of being useful in general purpose
               | scenarios. Amazon acquired Kiva 13 years ago. Kiva was
               | itself founded and headquartered in the U.S.
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | My point was robotics startups don't typically survive
               | with generic products very long. They are acquired or go
               | under even after they reach TRL launch stage.
               | 
               | Best of luck =3
        
               | petra wrote:
               | Acquisition is a common result for sucsessful deep tech
               | startups. It's because scaling in these markets is hard
               | and better done at large companies.
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | Perhaps, but a few competitors were left with EOL
               | hardware after the Amazon acquisition... pushed out of
               | that automated inventory transfer system.
               | 
               | Things scaled up at Amazon for sure, and no place else...
               | 
               | Best of luck =3
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | The Romans used to think that way. Their subjects thought
           | otherwise.
        
             | dluan wrote:
             | It's funny you invoke some trad/conservative appeal to
             | tradition, and meanwhile China's imperial history of
             | bureaucratic machinery is never pointed to as an example of
             | "look, technocratic meritocracy works".
        
               | fancl20 wrote:
               | I think it's well documented that modern bureaucracy is
               | at least inspired by China's bureaucratic machinery: http
               | s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Service_(United_Kingdom)
               | 
               | > Under Charles Grant, the East India Company established
               | the East India Company College at Haileybury near London,
               | to train administrators, in 1806. The college was
               | established on recommendation of officials in China who
               | had seen the imperial examination system. In government,
               | a civil service, replacing patronage with examination,
               | similar to the Chinese system, was advocated a number of
               | times over the next several decades.[10]
               | 
               | > William Ewart Gladstone, in 1850, an opposition member,
               | sought a more efficient system based on expertise rather
               | than favouritism. The East India Company provided a model
               | for Stafford Northcote, private Secretary to Gladstone
               | who, with Charles Trevelyan, drafted the key report in
               | 1854.[11]
               | 
               | And western countries accepted it as part of the base
               | assumption how government should work, then nobody points
               | to its origin since now it's so obvious (from modern
               | perspective).
        
               | djtango wrote:
               | I didn't know this and have always wondered why in the UK
               | we didn't have something like the Chinese system for
               | civil service.
               | 
               | Ironically the civil service is full of intelligent
               | people and it's a competitive grad programme, but it's
               | also wholly undesirable as a career path for many.
               | 
               | I know plenty of smart driven people who want to make a
               | difference who won't go anywhere near the civil service
               | for fear or bureaucracy or salary sacrifice or both. I
               | also know plenty of people who left the civil service
               | jaded by the whole experience.
               | 
               | I don't know what the solution is but I'm always a bit
               | saddened that people end up moving money around or
               | optimising clicks because there's no alternative if you
               | don't want to get left behind
        
               | t-3 wrote:
               | In ancient China, power and social status were gained
               | through official positions, and merchants were considered
               | the lowest of respectable occupations. This led to the
               | exams attracting many of the "best and brightest" to
               | government service. In modern western countries, being
               | wealthy is the best way to get respect and adulation. The
               | "best and brightest" spend their education learning how
               | to extract value from the rest.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | China isn't really that different these days. Everyone is
               | thinking about being wealthy, but especially the Chinese.
               | Hopefully the official class evolves to something like
               | what Singapore has, or its going to be a constant brain
               | drain on the government as smart kids continue to prefer
               | the private sector.
        
               | jhbadger wrote:
               | Although it is worth recognizing that although the
               | Imperial Chinese did have an examination-based civil
               | service, it wasn't examinations on anything actually
               | relevant to their jobs as in modern merit-based civil
               | services. Instead, people wanting to enter the Imperial
               | Chinese Civil Service were tested on their ability to
               | recall trivia from classic Chinese literature. Great if
               | the job was Jeopardy! contestant, less so for anything
               | practical.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Books_and_Five_Classic
               | s
        
               | codedokode wrote:
               | Given how many obscure characters are there in Chinese,
               | this exam would easily filter out lazy and dumb people.
        
               | foldr wrote:
               | _Parkinson 's Law_ contains a nice (tongue in cheek)
               | summary of the influence of the Chinese system on the
               | British Civil Service:
               | 
               | > The Chinese system was studied by Europeans between
               | 1815 and i830 and adopted by the English East India
               | Company in 1832. The effectiveness of this method was
               | investigated by a committee in 1854, with Macaulay as
               | chairman. The result was that the system of competitive
               | examination was introduced into the British Civil Service
               | in 1855. An essential feature of the Chinese examinations
               | had been their literary character. The test was in a
               | knowledge of the classics, in an ability to write
               | elegantly (both prose and verse) and in the stamina
               | necessary to complete the course. All these features were
               | faithfully incorporated in the Trevelyan-Northcote
               | Report, and thereafter in the system it did so much to
               | create. It was assumed that classical learning and
               | literary ability would fit any candidate for any
               | administrative post. It was assumed (no doubt rightly)
               | that a scientific education would fit a candidate for
               | nothing - except, possibly, science. It was known,
               | finally, that it is virtually impossible to find an order
               | of merit among people who have been examined in different
               | subjects. Since it is impracticable to decide whether one
               | man is better in geology than another man in physics, it
               | is at least convenient to be able to rule them both out
               | as useless. When all candidates alike have to write Greek
               | or Latin verse, it is relatively easy to decide which
               | verse is the best. Men thus selected on their classical
               | performance were then sent forth to govern India. Those
               | with lower marks were retained to govern England. Those
               | with still lower marks were rejected altogether or sent
               | to the colonies. While it would be totally wrong to
               | describe this system as a failure, no one could claim for
               | it the success that had attended the systems hitherto in
               | use. There was no guarantee, to begin with, that the man
               | with the highest marks might not tum out to be off his
               | head; as was sometimes found to be the case. Then again
               | the writing of Greek verse might prove to be the sole
               | accomplishment that some candidates had or would ever
               | have. On occasion, a successful applicant may even have
               | been impersonated at the examination by some- one else,
               | subsequently proving unable to write Greek verse when the
               | occasion arose. Selection by competitive examination was
               | never therefore more than a moderate success.
        
         | sampton wrote:
         | China has been methodically preparing for trade war and
         | decoupling for the better part of the decade. US went in full
         | throttle with zero preparation. This is not going to end well.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | It's the only way the US will learn.
        
             | QuantumGood wrote:
             | Politics and propaganda tend to dominate national
             | "learning", and those forces tend to escalate to prevent
             | awareness. So not a lot of learning happens, historically
             | ("history tends to repeat itself"; "history doesn't repeat,
             | but it rhymes", etc)
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | If facts don't work, intelligent, rational discourse and
               | compromise don't work, and economic pain don't work,
               | well, you're out of options (at least options that can be
               | discussed here).
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | By denying all other avenues of learning, the USA has
               | chosen to revert to the oldest, which can't be disabled:
               | natural selection.
        
           | yibg wrote:
           | I wonder if this is a consequence of the political systems of
           | China vs the US. China tends to think and plan longer term,
           | where as the US seems much more transactional; what will win
           | me the next election / midterm etc.
        
             | SlightlyLeftPad wrote:
             | In other words: the lack of long term planning is US's
             | well-known strategic weakness.
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | > China tends to think and plan longer term...
             | 
             | Pull the other one, we saw how they went in the 20th
             | century. Large centralised governments have never managed
             | to systemically outplan democracies.
             | 
             | The issue is US culture has been giving priority to anti-
             | industrialists. As a result they aren't the leader of the
             | industrial world. This has been planned for a long time and
             | a bunch of people were celebrating it the entire way along.
             | You try standing up and saying "we should prioritise
             | industry!" anywhere in the west - it is a bruising
             | experience as soon as it gets to the specific policies that
             | are likely to be successful.
             | 
             | Huge chunks of what China did are illegal. Running a
             | successful industrial economy seems to violate a host of
             | western employment & environmental laws as well as many
             | regulations. That isn't bad planning, that was an explicit
             | rejection of the outcomes China achieved.
        
               | stuartjohnson12 wrote:
               | I'm most of the way through reading Moral Mazes which
               | covers this part of American culture in-depth as it
               | relates to chemical and textile manufacturing.
               | Specifically, it discusses psychological attitudes to
               | perception of chemical manufacturing as being dirty, and
               | the rationalizations employed by middle managers towards
               | their work.
               | 
               | What Moral Mazes lays out is the idea of the tension
               | between the perception of manufacturing ethics as matters
               | of practicality (as seen by manufacturers), and the
               | perception of manufacturing ethics as matters of purity
               | (as seen by activists and lawyers).
               | 
               | It is a great book I would recommend to anyone, although
               | being primarily an observation of the psychological
               | processes at play, there are of course no solutions
               | offered.
        
               | mptest wrote:
               | Feels like Chip Wars more aptly lays out the material
               | reality of why and how we historically ended up here if
               | you prefer that to what shape the propaganda took. "We
               | want even bigger profit margins. We sought the globally
               | cheapest labor pool we could. Whoopsie, they got better
               | at it than us and started competing. Let's catch up with
               | government subsidy to compete or get SotA at a different
               | piece of the market. Ok we caught up with state money,
               | time to offshore a different piece of the puzzle to an
               | even cheaper labor pool for even bigger profits."
               | repeated until: "Whoopsie, an island off the coast of our
               | 'rival' makes 90+% of one of the most vital products in
               | the world."
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | > The issue is US culture has been giving priority to
               | anti-industrialists.
               | 
               | Perhaps "anti-industrialist" and more the forces of
               | "fictionalization"? That can distort companies that
               | aren't industrial too.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | * financialization, perhaps phone autocorrect?
        
               | intended wrote:
               | > The issue is US culture has been giving priority to
               | anti-industrialists
               | 
               | > Huge chunks of what China did are illegal. Running a
               | successful industrial economy seems to violate a host of
               | western employment & environmental laws as well as many
               | regulations.
               | 
               | Come on. For the west to combat the "anti-
               | industrialists", you would have to suppress the choices
               | and decisions of normal people, who don't want to see
               | others _die_ for the sake of factory owners.
               | 
               | Just outright say that democracy doesn't work, and that
               | Chinese style autocracy does.
               | 
               | Get to the actual heart of the debate. Trying to
               | replicate the Chinese economic model, while dodging the
               | moral and philosophical choices that supports it, results
               | only in deception and prevarication.
               | 
               | Anti-industrialists is arguing via classification and
               | nouns; it just grants a short term win which fails to
               | live up to its pomp when it hits an obvious counter
               | point.
               | 
               | Seize the major question, have people accept and
               | acknowledge the tradeoffs in all their misery and glory.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | > Just outright say that democracy doesn't work, and that
               | Chinese style autocracy does.
               | 
               | There is no evidence of that to date. Western liberal
               | democracies are much nicer places to live than China and
               | at some point the Chinese autocrats will probably
               | collapse internally - they're gambling on the CCP being
               | competent which isn't a winning strategy long term. The
               | problems are a bit more subtle - things like security
               | implications and rates of progress.
        
           | dluan wrote:
           | "Decoupling" was started in the US by the Obama
           | administration.
        
           | r00fus wrote:
           | > China has been methodically preparing for trade war
           | 
           | Mostly because it was prompted by decoupling from the last
           | three administrations before going full-bore in this latest
           | Trump admin.
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | You could also ... try not to make war. Just an idea. Pretty
         | offputting actually to see someone supporting expansion being
         | upvoted.
        
           | flyinglizard wrote:
           | No one is trying to make war, but naturally China is looking
           | at changing the order of things, at least regionally. To make
           | that happen it needs USA to move out, and create its own
           | coalition of countries around the area.
        
             | thuanao wrote:
             | USA needs to move out and stop trying to start a war with
             | China. Taiwan is China. Historically, legally, even
             | according to the US's own policy. The KMT lost. This
             | fantasy the US has of toppling or splitting up the PRC in a
             | proxy war is extremely deranged.
             | 
             | China has exercised _incredible_ restraint over the actions
             | of a belligerent warmonger US.
        
               | Galatians4_16 wrote:
               | Taiwan is a sovereign nation, and West Taiwan needs to
               | accept that.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | The Taiwan obsessed PRC loonies online always seem to
               | think that the west spends _way_ more time thinking about
               | Taiwan then they actually do.
        
               | BLKNSLVR wrote:
               | I don't agree with most of what you've written, however,
               | if the US has only mineral-profits interest in defending
               | Ukraine from Russia, then there's only slightly above
               | zero chance that the US will be rushing to defend Taiwan
               | from China. What seems more likely is that the US will
               | agree to let China take Taiwan in return for allowing the
               | trade of TSMC chips to continue.
               | 
               | TSMC is the majoity (only?) value proposition the US has
               | in Taiwan, and, from memory and a cursory Wikipeding, it
               | seems that TSMC has been 'de-centralising' into Japan,
               | the US, and Europe of late.
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | America seems to be trying to make war, unexpectedly with
             | Canada. Also, the only coalition America seems to be
             | interested in is the one with Russia.
             | 
             | Also, multiple foreign countries like Russia are trying to
             | make war right now.
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | America is nowhere close to going to war with Canada.
               | Tariffs are import taxes, not weapons of war. Good lord.
        
               | mercutio2 wrote:
               | Telling a sovereign nation, and the US's closest ally, it
               | should become the 51st US state isn't making war, but
               | it's way more than imposing tariffs in contravention of
               | treaties this president signed in his last term.
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | Canada still considers the King of England to be its Head
               | of State. Inviting Canada to shake off the bonds of
               | monarchy and fealty to the U.K. and join the United
               | States is a high form of flattery. Canada has itself
               | violated the USMCA trade agreement (not a treaty),
               | including dairy and poultry quotas, subsidizing timber,
               | imposing a digital services tax and restricting foreign
               | investment. Many of these policies were disputed under
               | Biden's administration as well, albeit toothlessly.
        
               | Brybry wrote:
               | Dairy quotas are part of USMCA.[1]
               | 
               | The issue under Biden was protectionist/preferential
               | policies which were challenged and got changed through
               | the dispute mechanism[2]. The changed policy was then
               | disputed again but the US lost the dispute[3].
               | 
               | The US has never gotten close to surpassing the tariff-
               | rate quotas so the tariffs haven't applied.[4] Though the
               | American dairy industry claims that's because of further
               | protectionist policies.[5]
               | 
               | I'm not an expert on this so if you have more specific
               | information please share sources.
               | 
               | [1] https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/files/agreements
               | /FTA/US...
               | 
               | [2] https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-
               | office/press-...
               | 
               | [3] https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-
               | office/press-...
               | 
               | [4] https://www.yahoo.com/news/fact-check-trump-
               | doesn-t-12005222...
               | 
               | [5] https://www.idfa.org/news/idfa-statement-on-
               | potential-u-s-ta...
        
               | badc0ffee wrote:
               | Canada isn't bound to the monarchy or to the UK. The king
               | is just a figurehead, and the king's representative (the
               | Governor General) is a powerless rubber stamp.
               | 
               | Now, to be clear, the (conceptual) figurehead is taken
               | seriously. When the queen died, a great renaming
               | happened, changing each province's court of queen's bench
               | to the court of king's bench, Queen's Counsel are now
               | called King's Counsel, and of course new currency is
               | being minted with images of the king. But, none of that
               | means the actual King Charles the person has any power at
               | all.
        
               | mercutio2 wrote:
               | What definition of treaty are you using that the USMCA is
               | not a treaty?
               | 
               | The difference is negligible in international use, but in
               | the US it means "agreement that was ratified by the
               | Senate".
               | 
               | Are you claiming the USMCA was not, in fact, ratified by
               | the Senate?
               | 
               | Disputing under the terms of a treaty is quite different
               | than unilaterally breaking a treaty.
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | In the U.S. a treaty requires a 2/3 Senate confirmation.
               | The USMCA is an executive trade agreement.
        
               | t-3 wrote:
               | It's just a joke. A bad joke, but just a joke.
               | Republicans are afraid to add Puerto Rico as a state for
               | fear of it voting Democrat, they would never _allow_
               | Canada to become a state even if you wanted to (or
               | rather, 10 states), because they would never win an
               | election again.
        
               | BLKNSLVR wrote:
               | What's all this annexation talk then?
               | 
               | That sounds pretty disrespectfully inflammatory.
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | It's not annexation to invite a country to join the
               | Union. It's quite the honor, to be honest.
        
               | BLKNSLVR wrote:
               | Upvote for my literal laugh out loud.
        
               | canadymouse wrote:
               | If it is such an honor, why has the response of 90% of
               | Canadians been "Go fuck yourself"?
               | 
               | Up here, we consider it a betrayal, certainly nothing
               | honorable.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | America repeatedly threatened annexation and wanted
               | water. It demands registration of goverment citizens.
               | They call premier governor. Tariffs seem ti be
               | preparatory steps meant to weaken Canada as a preparation
               | for further attacks.
               | 
               | In general, conservatives are nowhere near to do the
               | awful thing they say loudly they will do - and then, each
               | time, they do that exact thing. Again again and again.
               | These are plans and ignoring them is a self delution.
        
           | neuronexmachina wrote:
           | I might be misreading it, but I don't think the comment
           | you're replying to supports China's expansionist ambitions.
        
         | fuzzfactor wrote:
         | >The US once had a solid base to spin up heavy industry
         | factories, but this withered away as cheaper overseas
         | manufacturing cut US producers out and the American economy
         | shifted toward leading edge technology and services.
         | 
         | The Americans in charge of the "economy" _settled for_ "leading
         | edge" technology and services.
        
       | iszomer wrote:
       | I would like to see a robot hand try and plug in a MCIO or
       | OcuLink connector to its MB port because even my fat fingers have
       | trouble seating them in correctly.
        
         | debacle wrote:
         | Do you not have enough supports/standoffs on your mobo? Just
         | because your case comes with 6 doesn't mean you only need 6.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | you know that pick and place robots are used to put and solder
         | the components onto the board that you're trying to plug the
         | OcuLink connector to, right?
        
       | ilaksh wrote:
       | I wish there was an app for renting humanoid (android) robots.
       | Maybe from Unitree or TeslaBot or something, or a US-based robot
       | if there is one that is actually being manufactured and similar..
       | maybe combined with a built-in AI system.
       | 
       | America definitely seems to be a little bit behind in terms of
       | android manufacturing. They have some pretty competitive robots
       | but they seem more expensive and to be being built inefficiently.
       | 
       | Maybe there's an opportunity for a startup that can build a stack
       | and integrate it into one or more off-the-shelf robots to provide
       | the intelligence part. Because a lot of the demos of android are
       | teleoperated since the AI is still quite difficult.
       | 
       | Combining the AI and a rental service would be so powerful.
       | 
       | We might be one or two years away from that being practical.
        
       | Finnucane wrote:
       | Gonna die with this hammer in my hand.
        
         | dluan wrote:
         | Pick up a sickle while you're at it.
        
       | ninetyninenine wrote:
       | >This is a Call for Action for the United States of America and
       | the West. We are in the early precipice of a nonlinear
       | transformation in industrial society, but the bedrock the US is
       | standing on is shaky. Automation and robotics is currently
       | undergoing a revolution that will enable full-scale automation of
       | all manufacturing and mission-critical industries. These
       | intelligent robotics systems will be the first ever additional
       | industrial piece that is not supplemental but fully additive-
       | 24/7 labor with higher throughput than any human--, allowing for
       | massive expansion in production capacities past adding another
       | human unit of work. The only country that is positioned to
       | capture this level of automation is currently China, and should
       | China achieve it without the US following suit, the production
       | expansion will be granted only to China, posing an existential
       | threat to the US as it is outcompeted in all capacities.
       | 
       | This is not an "existential threat". It's an existential threat
       | to the US being the top production economy. But the US can still
       | thrive as an economy. I don't mind the US benefiting off of
       | Chinas super productivity. Also there's really no hope, China
       | will surpass the US in this area so it's a bit pointless to try.
        
       | keybored wrote:
       | > Comparing a robotic system to a human, the current labor force
       | is lower skilled, lower ability, and a much higher attrition
       | rate. ... The US must take part in the robotics revolution before
       | all labor is handed over to China to own in perpetuity.
       | 
       | The US capitalists must monopolize all upcoming labor commodities
       | (all-robot) before China does it. Definitely some projection
       | here.
        
       | egypturnash wrote:
       | Opens with AI art and a banner about how this is an AI site, I am
       | just gonna assume the body of the text is AI spam as well and
       | close it.
        
       | lenerdenator wrote:
       | We didn't want a new labor economy.
       | 
       | We wanted ever-increasing returns for shareholders. If that meant
       | parting out our industrial base to our main geopolitical rival,
       | _that 's what that meant_.
       | 
       | In the US, capitalism has mostly replaced nationalism and
       | patriotism. In China, it augments those things.
        
         | chairmansteve wrote:
         | In China, Capitalism exists to benefit the state.
         | 
         | In the USA, the state exists to benefit Capitalism.
        
       | paganel wrote:
       | Yes, China is winning, but at what cost?
       | 
       | Leaving the stupid The Economist-list memes aside, the West has
       | put itself all by itself in this position, for too long it had
       | thought that it could still rule the world based on the services
       | industries and on the financialization of the world economy. It
       | seems like they bet wrong.
        
         | jawiggins wrote:
         | > Leaving the stupid The Economist-list memes aside
         | 
         | What are you referring to?
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | Something like this [1].
           | 
           | I've singled out The Economist because I used to read them
           | until not that long ago so that I can confirm first-hand that
           | they also use that rhetoric (but can't be bothered to look
           | for an online source right now).
           | 
           | Later edit: A X [2] post pointing to an Economist article [3]
           | that does just that, but, as I said, the examples are too
           | numerous, just purchase a Economist issue and go through
           | their China section, you'll see it right there
           | 
           | [1] https://x.com/slipknothooh/status/1433496026795630598
           | 
           | [2] https://x.com/Liberation_Blk/status/1690911685312126976
           | 
           | [3] https://www.economist.com/podcasts/2023/08/08/what-does-
           | xi-j...
        
       | dluan wrote:
       | American tech workers need to start paying attention to Chinese
       | national policy, the National People's Congress is happening
       | right now and it's how China sets long term goals and targets.
       | 
       | "Made in China 2025" was a massive national strategic plan that
       | was 10 years in the making, and was designed in 2015. It laid out
       | all of the key sectors for "value added manufacturing", and by
       | most accounts, they've been delivering and meeting their targets
       | despite all the number fudging you want to point out. None of
       | this is particularly secret or pernicious like western media
       | tries to portray. Just follow the news. The next 5-year plan is
       | being set now.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Made_in_China_2025
        
         | thenobsta wrote:
         | Are there particularly good news sources to follow? I'm not
         | sure what to follow to get either the source material or good
         | commentary.
        
           | dluan wrote:
           | Right now, I try to consume content directly from the
           | dragon's mouth with official news and reports, but it
           | requires a bit of experience knowing how to read between the
           | lines and having a strong bullshit parser.
           | 
           | Similarly, most English language analysis from mainstream
           | media is comically bad - CNN and American news outlets sent
           | reporters to Beijing this week and bombarded attendees and
           | delegates walking into the congressional hall with questions
           | about Trump and tariffs, in English. Who does that??
           | 
           | Admittedly, I do like the stuff that comes out of Stanford's
           | Digichina group, https://digichina.stanford.edu/work/?page=1&
           | sort_order=desc&..., they seem dedicated to doing an actual
           | analysis and not just spewing brainless propaganda (HBR,
           | looking at you). But yeah, it's hard out here to find any
           | real meaningful information, so I've been debating starting
           | up a substack myself, but with an additional academic
           | research focus.
        
             | jorvi wrote:
             | TP Huang has a pretty good substack[0].
             | 
             | Its a nice insider look. And its not fake stuff, its just
             | looked at through the most red-yellow colored glasses there
             | are.
             | 
             | [0] https://tphuang.substack.com/
        
               | dluan wrote:
               | There's a ton of people I follow on twitter too,
               | @beijingdai, @wmhuo168, @rnaudbertrand. All have great
               | rants.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | Have a feed I can add to mine?
        
         | Hikikomori wrote:
         | At this point all China needs to do is the gaben strategy,
         | doing nothing while America keeps shooting itself in the foot.
         | Trump seems to have unlimited bullet supply.
        
           | jimbob45 wrote:
           | How does Valve put out one of the worst releases of all time
           | in Artifact and not get dragged through the coals ever for
           | it? The only working strategy Valve has succeeded in running
           | in the last 10 years is making passive income from Steam and
           | that won't last forever.
        
             | HFguy wrote:
             | Think this was posted in the wrong thread?
        
               | wcarss wrote:
               | > the gaben strategy
               | 
               | this was a reference to Gabe Newell and Valve
        
           | nicoburns wrote:
           | If the goal was "be better than the US" then sure. But
           | presumably their strategy is aimed at actually improving
           | their country as it is for it's own people to live in. Much
           | of which has nothing to do with the US.
        
             | AtlasBarfed wrote:
             | Why would you presume that? CCP has become far more
             | autocratic, and the goals of autocracy:
             | 
             | 1) maintain the autocracy
             | 
             | 2) have a strong police to preserve the autocracy from
             | rebellion
             | 
             | 3) have a good enough economy to defend the autocracy from
             | external threats
             | 
             | ... ten more "for the autocracy" points ...
             | 
             | improving the country for the people
             | 
             | Also, Zeihan overselling or not, China is facing an
             | unprecedented demographic decline. So to the parent comment
             | about "not doing anything and winning", honestly the US can
             | do the same and watch China implode demographically.
        
               | decimalenough wrote:
               | CCP under Xi has reverted to form after some temporary
               | loosening up, but it's still way _less_ autocratic than
               | it was during the Mao era.
               | 
               | Also, the CCP ultimately derives its legitimacy from
               | materially improving the country for the Chinese people:
               | back in the day fighting back against the Japanese and
               | corrupt warlords, now economic progress. Both the Chinese
               | people and the CCP know well what it means if they stop
               | delivering and the "Mandate of Heaven" expires.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandate_of_Heaven
               | 
               | China's demographic decline will take decades and unless
               | the CCP _really_ fucks things up (eg. invading Taiwan and
               | failing miserably at it), it 's going to be a
               | Japan/Korea-style slow-motion stagnation, not a dramatic
               | implosion.
        
               | AtlasBarfed wrote:
               | Mao killed 50-60 million people with starvation.
               | 
               | Yeah I hope he's better than that
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | Interesting tangent to bring up. How many people does
               | America kill?
        
               | AtlasBarfed wrote:
               | Mao killed his own people. The only possible historical
               | analogue is what USSR argued about missing people from
               | the Great Depression.
        
               | Hikikomori wrote:
               | US mostly kills people outside its borders.
        
               | skyyler wrote:
               | The closest analogue would be the culling of the buffalo,
               | an intentional effort to destroy the food supply of the
               | natives.
               | 
               | Americans don't like to acknowledge this.
               | 
               | But even that's a little different. Application of new
               | farming practices is not an intentional genocide. The
               | culling of the buffalo was an intentional genocide.
        
               | ActorNightly wrote:
               | I mean, US was the shining beacon of supposedly the best
               | capitalistic policies are, but look at where it got us.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, China has been getting better and better,
               | looking at US as an example, and correctly avoiding
               | providing the "freedoms" given to us in US in avoiding
               | the same fate.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | I'm a strong China hawk. But Beijing currently has an
               | opportunity to craft a global alliance that balances the
               | U.S. in a way that America has historically excelled at.
               | Put another way, the idiots who voted this man in have
               | turned America into an Axis power.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | That is normal; the world worked that way prior to 1990.
               | 
               | The real change is that the US economy isn't obviously
               | superior to the next however many economies combined.
               | Consequently the US is losing the ability to impose its
               | opinions on others as fundamental truths. It looks like
               | everyone in the West will have to re-learn negotiation
               | and it'll probably be a rocky process.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _the world worked that way prior to 1990_
               | 
               | Sort of. I'd move the needle to the 1970s, when Soviet
               | power was on an obvious downside. _Realpolitik_ would
               | dictate, at that time, for Europe and Asia to balance
               | America. But we were a good ally. So balancing wasn't
               | seen to be necessary.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | > So balancing wasn't seen to be necessary.
               | 
               | Wasn't seen as _possible_ , an important distinction. The
               | Australian experience so far is the US demands we ...
               | basically commit war crimes every so often. Or whatever
               | the term is for invading countries without justification.
               | It is a lot like being good friends with a shark; it is
               | important to keep them pointed at other things and the
               | shark isn't ever going to go out of its way for you
               | unless it is hungry and the friendship is ending.
               | 
               | The world was probably better for us when the US was
               | unconstrained by reality; but the reality is the US have
               | been behaving very irresponsibly for decades. Trump is on
               | the upper end of the presidential scale in recent
               | history, the world can't cope with another Bush or Biden.
               | Obama might have been able to get better diplomatic
               | results.
        
           | downrightmike wrote:
           | Sadly, they really need to start consuming 100x what they are
           | currently to even have a shot
        
             | t-3 wrote:
             | That would make American businesses very happy, but what
             | would be so good for China? There's a reason they made the
             | decision to artificially suppress domestic consumption in
             | favor of building a strong manufacturing base and export-
             | focused economy, and it seems to be working well for them.
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | It looks like China is quickly becoming a domestic consumer
             | economy.
             | 
             | Look at BYD sales and Ne Zha 2.
             | 
             | Their gaming industry and entertainment industries are
             | starting to pull ahead of the US.
        
             | consteval wrote:
             | Hyper-consumerism took off in the US because it's a false
             | economic indicator. It makes lines go up, but doesn't
             | materially improve anyone's lives.
             | 
             | We're seeing the effects of ~70 years of hyper-consumerist
             | behavior. It worked for a while, but now the costs have
             | accumulated. There's shit everywhere, and everything either
             | breaks or is poison. Or both.
        
           | DrFalkyn wrote:
           | Chinas demographics are a ticking time bomb
           | 
           | They've also massively overinvested in sectors like real
           | estate
           | 
           | But maybe if Drumpf screws up the US enough, they will be
           | able to weather these problems
           | 
           | Or perhaps AI will get so good it won't matter
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | China is automating [1], they know the demographics
             | dividend is ending. More industrial robots are built and
             | sold in China than anywhere else in the world. They are
             | going high tech [2], and will outcompete the US in high
             | tech (based on all available info). They have the will, the
             | US does not (too busy chasing short term gains and
             | ideological wins), based on all available evidence [3].
             | 
             | [1] https://itif.org/publications/2024/03/11/how-
             | innovative-is-c...
             | 
             | [2] https://www.aspi.org.au/report/critical-technology-
             | tracker
             | 
             | > Our research reveals that China has built the foundations
             | to position itself as the world's leading science and
             | technology superpower, by establishing a sometimes stunning
             | lead in high-impact research across the majority of
             | critical and emerging technology domains.
             | 
             | > China's global lead extends to 37 out of 44 technologies
             | that ASPI is now tracking, covering a range of crucial
             | technology fields spanning defence, space, robotics,
             | energy, the environment, biotechnology, artificial
             | intelligence (AI), advanced materials and key quantum
             | technology areas. The Critical Technology Tracker shows
             | that, for some technologies, all of the world's top 10
             | leading research institutions are based in China and are
             | collectively generating nine times more high-impact
             | research papers than the second-ranked country (most often
             | the US). Notably, the Chinese Academy of Sciences ranks
             | highly (and often first or second) across many of the 44
             | technologies included in the Critical Technology Tracker.
             | We also see China's efforts being bolstered through talent
             | and knowledge import: one-fifth of its high-impact papers
             | are being authored by researchers with postgraduate
             | training in a Five-Eyes country. China's lead is the
             | product of deliberate design and long-term policy planning,
             | as repeatedly outlined by Xi Jinping and his predecessors.
             | 
             | [3] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43338771
        
             | ChromaticPanic wrote:
             | In contrast to North America which has under invested in
             | real estate, having all that extra real estate sounds like
             | a dream.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | Yes. China's five year plans are translated into English and
         | are quite readable. Here's the 14th Five Year Plan,
         | 2021-2025.[1] Wikipedia has a summary.[2]
         | 
         | This is China's business plan. The top level is expanded into
         | more detailed plans at lower levels. For example, here's the
         | plan for Fujian province.[3] Further down, here's the
         | transition plan for IPv6.[4]
         | 
         | You can go back and read previous five-year plans. The success
         | rate for the individual goals is reasonably high.
         | 
         | [1] https://cset.georgetown.edu/wp-
         | content/uploads/t0237_5th_Ple...
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_five-year_plan
         | 
         | [3]
         | https://ccci.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/Policy%20Brief...
         | 
         | [4] https://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-07/23/c_1628629122784001.htm
        
           | downrightmike wrote:
           | Oh, cool, someone is going to use ipv6
        
             | dluan wrote:
             | Chinese people have an irrational amount of love for
             | international standards.
        
               | calcifer wrote:
               | What makes it irrational?
        
               | grumpy-de-sre wrote:
               | Sure beats sitting around discussing, complaining, and
               | half assedly developing a replacement standard and
               | getting nowhere. Perfect being the enemy of good and all
               | that.
               | 
               | https://xkcd.com/927/
        
               | dluan wrote:
               | I just meant that they REALLY love international
               | standards. They have the assumption that a group of
               | really smart people must have decided it democratically
               | and fairly, so no matter what it is about they will get
               | excited about it.
        
               | throw839399939 wrote:
               | In this case it is quite rational love. Some US
               | universities have more IPv4 addresses than entire China!
               | Single IPv4 address cost like $50, it is impossible
               | possible to buy large ranges.
        
           | chii wrote:
           | What makes these plans go so successfully, when the soviets
           | have historically not been able to make such plans successful
           | (despite being richer and more powerful at the time)?
           | 
           | This video about Argentina's economic failures mentions why
           | free market capitalism failed in argentina, and why a
           | "similar" opening up in china didnt fail (but not so much
           | detail that another country could follow it and replicate the
           | success). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E7MzfNTSk4A
           | 
           | Basically, is such 5 year plans a recipe for success, or just
           | a facade (aka, china would've had success regardless of what
           | those 5 yr plans are)?
        
             | scotty79 wrote:
             | Soviets might just really be bad at everything. Capitalism
             | didn't work for them either.
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | If it wasn't for the Soviets you'd be writing this
               | comment in German :)
               | 
               | And Capitalism does not work for USA or anywhere else
               | either (except for very few people at the very top of the
               | pyramid (scheme...)
        
               | kubb wrote:
               | They're good at throwing their population into the meat
               | grinder, sure.
        
               | jajko wrote:
               | They really did the bulk of Wehrmacht killing on European
               | mainland. But they didn't collapse only due to massive US
               | support, be it in armament, equipment, medicine etc.
               | Absolutely massive. Also it was basically due to bad
               | German planning and preparation for winter, not some
               | soviet strategic brilliance, which was very hard to be
               | found on eastern front, just meatwave after meatwave till
               | german machine gun barrels literally melted.
               | 
               | You could see tons of US equipment during WWII reels on
               | eastern front including heavy machinery, soviets tried
               | desperately to remove such footage (just like photos of
               | soviet soldiers wearing 3+ watches on each hand... err
               | borrowed from friendly locals) but truth has this
               | behavior of seeping back to light.
               | 
               | Capitalism works pretty well in any moral society
               | actually, much better than any other system thats for
               | sure.
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | What they got wasn't capitalism, it was kleptocracy.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | If you look how capitalism is actually implemented, it
               | always has bigger or smaller kleptocratic component.
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | Of course, but it's the proportion of that that makes all
               | the difference.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | I agree. But that might be why soviets are bad at
               | everything. They always get this proportion wrong, in all
               | systems.
        
               | riehwvfbk wrote:
               | The non-working capitalism just kicked the collective
               | butt of the entirety of NATO. Previously in Vietnam the
               | non-working communism did the same.
        
             | mayama wrote:
             | > What makes these plans go so successfully, when the
             | soviets have historically not been able to make such plans
             | successful (despite being richer and more powerful at the
             | time)?
             | 
             | Soviets had more hardcore ideologues at helm most of the
             | times until SU dissolution. They hardly allowed their
             | ideology to be diluted without challenge, which made plans
             | infeasible without real time feedback. China's Mao era was
             | somewhat similar to that. After Mao, during fight between
             | Gang of Four and Deng Xiaoping, realistic faction came on
             | top with famous Deng saying "it doesn't matter if a cat is
             | black or yellow, as long as it catches mice". Also China
             | does experimentation at province and city level, with
             | people succeeding promoting to national level, containing
             | pitfalls of bad policy.
        
               | kranke155 wrote:
               | So China introduced market competition at the political
               | level and at the economic level.
               | 
               | And they did it while remaining authoritarian.
               | Incredible.
        
               | dzonga wrote:
               | highly meritocratic system all the way from bottom to
               | top. incredible indeed. in china you start as a low level
               | official managing a village, if you succeed - you're
               | promoted to town etc. they keep detailed records of your
               | performance in school from kindergarten and a
               | comprehensive dossier is compiled to evaluated by party
               | officials. that means you will never have a nincompoop in
               | charge at any level.
               | 
               | maybe chinese nationals / or ccp members can correct or
               | add some things.
        
               | chii wrote:
               | > they keep detailed records of your performance in
               | school from kindergarten and a comprehensive dossier
               | 
               | this also means you want your record pristine. And it is
               | also why officials cover up problems rather than report
               | it up.
               | 
               | But their current success to out-maneuver the US in terms
               | of trade, as well as capacity, is testament to perhaps
               | the success of such a system. I do recall there was a
               | massive purge on corruption over the past decade(s),
               | which is probably helped a lot. This did not happen in
               | soviet russia.
        
               | jajko wrote:
               | Rooting out corruption in russia is simply not possible
               | when biggest thief is at the top of the pyramid (absolute
               | minimum stolen from russian nation is on the order of 100
               | billions $$ stashed all over the world, but its hard to
               | count when its spread across many 'representatives').
               | 
               | He also actively promotes corruption of his underlings,
               | but the important point is - within hard limits of their
               | position. Get greedy and overstep that and either modern
               | gulag or window for you. Good luck saying to the rest of
               | population 'don't steal!'.
               | 
               | Xi is not flaunting his billion dollar mansions with
               | golden toilets or megayachts while his kids grow up in
               | Switzerland, is he.
        
               | mayama wrote:
               | That massive corruption purge is mainly Xi purging rival
               | factions like Shangai and Jiang. Sure, it also targeted
               | corrupt officials, but main target is rival factions in
               | consolidating Xi grip on power. There isn't lot of taboo
               | about corruption if you align with the correct faction.
        
               | riehwvfbk wrote:
               | And also stay aligned with the correct faction. This also
               | provides golden handcuffs: should one's alignment change,
               | past misdeeds will instantly be remembered.
        
               | klipt wrote:
               | Meanwhile the USA now has an openly corrupt president
               | (openly favors his pal Elon Musk's companies in his daily
               | speeches, lets Musk shut down the same agencies that
               | regulate Musk's companies, etc) who is shielded by his
               | party from impeachment.
               | 
               | China is starting to look quite well run by comparison.
        
               | InDubioProRubio wrote:
               | If you appear to succeed- all that is needed is a face of
               | success and connections to others who appear to succeed.
        
               | skyyler wrote:
               | How does this differ from the US or western Europe?
        
             | HDThoreaun wrote:
             | Argentinas economy is a mess because of a long history of
             | corruption. The CCP embraces markets while also having
             | state ownership of everything by basically acting as
             | venture capital funding different companies combined with
             | heavy subsidies. So the 5 year plans are for signaling for
             | which industries are going to get funding in the near
             | future. My understanding is that this does have a pretty
             | big impact and funding priorities change pretty drastically
             | based off these plans.
        
               | culopatin wrote:
               | Not to mention the orders of magnitude of difference in
               | population capital and that the people of Argentina are
               | not under a regime that promotes basically slave labor
               | for the benefit of their economy. Even if they did I
               | don't think they'd be able to produce as much just
               | because they don't have enough people.
        
             | woooooo wrote:
             | The early industrialization 5 year plans actually worked
             | better for the Soviets than the Chinese, and I think it
             | comes down to execution? Stalin being the more numerate
             | psychopath?
             | 
             | The last 30-40 years it's different, the Chinese have
             | navigated market liberalization and transitioned from
             | copying to leading in a number of areas, while still having
             | a central planning aspect. It could be that some amount of
             | central planning is preferable to pure ideological
             | communism or capitalism.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | China to a large extent is following the Japanese and
               | South Korean playbooks, to the point where the Chinese
               | financial system runs under the concept of window
               | guidance invented by the Japanese:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_guidance
               | 
               | The question is whether or not this blows up in China's
               | face when they stop accurately picking winners. We are
               | already seeing the property bubble collapse in a manner
               | similar to Japan's.
        
               | chii wrote:
               | > the question is whether or not this blows up in China's
               | face
               | 
               | Japan didn't "blow up" due to picking wrong. The US and
               | allies negotiated the value of the yen up (the plaza
               | accords) when the trade imbalance started to rack up
               | against the US. This popped japan's bubble, which
               | ultimately caused their lost decade.
               | 
               | China, on the other hand, would be unlikely to sign any
               | sort of similar treaty with the US. Their property bubble
               | collapsed, but i dont think to the same extend as the
               | japanese one. Not to mention that it was triggered by
               | gov't, so it popped earlier than japan's one in the
               | lifecycle - therefore, it must be the case that it's less
               | bad.
               | 
               | https://old.reddit.com/r/japan/comments/rvid0x/why_did_ja
               | pan... has some details in the comments.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | I think there are different ways of defining bad. In
               | Tokyo in 1990, the ratio of median house price to median
               | income was 15. In Shanghai when the bubble popped, that
               | figure was above 40, and even today it is at 36.
               | 
               | To put this in perspective, San Fransisco, a city
               | considered to have a housing crisis, has a ratio of 9.
        
               | riehwvfbk wrote:
               | Yeah, but the mortgage rate in China is around 3%.
               | Individual income taxes are under 10% [0]. And there's
               | your multiplier for affordability comparisons.
               | 
               | [0] https://taxfoundation.org/blog/us-china-tax-policy/
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | IIRC the Soviets got that done with a lot of help from
               | the US.
        
             | csomar wrote:
             | Free market capitalism and soviet state socialism or
             | communism is just editorial masturbation. Regardless of the
             | economic system, the everyday tasks are done by regular
             | humans. The system can organize them but if they don't want
             | to do the work, the work won't get done. There is no magic
             | system for that.
             | 
             | Over a decade ago, I worked in a public hospital with a
             | really tight budget. The Pneumology section was clean,
             | orderly and provided service to patients _as they came_
             | with no waiting time. The service in the building nearby
             | could well fit in the definitions of crimes against
             | humanity. Same hospital, same financing, same system, just
             | a different boss.
        
             | _zamorano_ wrote:
             | It's about the execution. The plan is just the first step.
             | 
             | Basically, China is centralized politically and
             | decentraliced economically. The soviet centralized
             | everything... even meat prices, a recipe for disaster.
             | 
             | They plan the outcome, but let the governing to the
             | different provinces and the implementation to the (mostly)
             | private sector. These actors are forced to compete, among
             | other things, via export discipline that cannot be faked.
             | 
             | And somehow, despite facing the same corruption and
             | cronyism problems we do in the west, they seem to get
             | better results.
        
               | treis wrote:
               | It's much more just population. Rapid population growth
               | and then a one child policy has left China with a
               | population bulge. Right now that bulge is 25-60ish which
               | gives China a large amount of workers compared to
               | children and the elderly. In 20-30 years that's going to
               | switch and they will have a large amount of retirees
               | supported by a relatively small amount of workers.
        
             | culopatin wrote:
             | That video is pretty... weak. Argentina can't be looked at
             | on a GDP graph and say "oh yeah let's find some random
             | country that's similar in this graph". Most of Argentina's
             | problems are self inflicted sabotage. The graphs are also
             | very misleading in the video, not only in the axis scales.
        
             | dumbledoren wrote:
             | The Soviets were insanely successful: From the 1920s to
             | 1960s they raised the USSR to space age, industrialized it
             | to become the 2nd superpower, won a world war, upgraded
             | citizens from village huts to apartments, from being
             | barefoot to cars and subways.
             | 
             | What 'went wrong' was the economic war that Kennedy admn.
             | started to starve the USSR of GDP by starting an arms and
             | space race. The USSR did not bite the space race bait, but
             | arms race was impossible to not participate. So it did.
             | Then in the 1970s, the US started an economic warfare
             | against the USSR with the help of its Gulf allies by
             | manipulating oil prices. That wasn't enough either, so
             | Reagan started another arms race. In the end all of that
             | combined, crippled the USSR and it went bankrupt.
             | 
             | The US also went bankrupt, but it was able to delay it for
             | ~15 more years by printing money and pumping it into the
             | stock market and real estate thanks to the reserve currency
             | status of the dollar. That came crashing down in 2008. The
             | US did some more of the same and dragged it a decade and
             | half more and here we are, where everything is finally
             | crashing down.
             | 
             | China avoided most of that economic warfare by sitting on
             | the sidelines and taking lessons. Sometime a decade ago, it
             | passed the threshold of being too well-rounded and large to
             | fail. To the point that it became a driving engine of the
             | world economy, but backed with actual goods and services
             | instead of the financial voodoo that the US built
             | everything on.
             | 
             | > Basically, is such 5 year plans a recipe for success
             | 
             | Yes, if your country can keep the private interests and
             | capitalists under control. Otherwise, they derail every
             | plan to maximize their profit by siphoning off state
             | resources for little actual progress. Like how the last US
             | administration's 'build back better' plan was derailed.
        
       | gertlex wrote:
       | Long article. Mostly interesting!
       | 
       | Surprising that they skip over autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) in
       | their survey of types, but perhaps that's because it's a weird
       | interstitial with high interaction with Humans for less-general
       | usecases (material movement, but no material handling/auto-
       | interfacing with other automation besides e.g. an attached
       | conveyor). Also, less clear success in the market. I think Locus
       | robotics probably qualifies as the most widely used AMRs (vs
       | Kiva/Amazon being posterchild for AGVs)
       | 
       | This article, like many conversations I've had, covers "making
       | competitive hardware", but skips a lot of the "how to do things
       | with the robots" successfully /for multiple uses/, which is also
       | a hard problem.
        
       | j_timberlake wrote:
       | I assume that future AGI which is smart enough to control
       | "general purpose robotics" is probably smart enough to design
       | robotic forms that make all the current stuff obsolete anyway.
       | 
       | Like the article says, physical world data is too scarce to jump
       | straight to powerful robotics first.
        
       | diego_moita wrote:
       | A Latin American perspective (from the B in BRICS):
       | 
       | There are 3 economic blocks dreaming on global dominance: Europe,
       | US and China. The difference among them is how they pursue these
       | dreams.
       | 
       | The Europeans talk, discuss, gather and don't do anything.
       | 
       | The Americans shout, yell, go alone and do everything wrong.
       | 
       | The Chinese just do it, mostly right.
        
       | scotty79 wrote:
       | > posing an existential threat to the US as it is outcompeted in
       | all capacities
       | 
       | Is US ever gonna grow out of sore loser mentality or do we really
       | need WWIII?
        
       | jongjong wrote:
       | The problem is that, at some point, the west decided to stop
       | rewarding excellence in tech and started rewarding people for
       | their social networking abilities. Now we have a lot of people
       | who are good at talking and few people who are good at tech who
       | have money to invest in robotics. Had I been even moderately
       | rich, I'm certain I would have been investing in robotics right
       | now. But instead, I'm working on document management software for
       | government... While extroverts who got rich from Facebook IPO get
       | to build Instagram for dogs...
       | 
       | I think the decline coincided with the crackdown against
       | cryptocurrency. Had it been allowed to develop normally instead
       | of being suppressed and corrupted (by governments), things might
       | have looked very different.
       | 
       | Now I don't believe the system has any integrity so it makes no
       | sense for me be productive. I actively look for the highest paid,
       | most unproductive jobs I can find... Fortunately, there are MANY
       | of those available in our system.
       | 
       | I've made it my life's mission to exploit the system's flaws,
       | while simultaneously complaining about them. Helping the bad guys
       | self-destruct while earning a living is about as rewarding as it
       | can be for me.
       | 
       | A lot of other people my age are in the same boat, some
       | knowingly, most unknowingly. I hope situation will change soon.
       | There are some signs but it's going to take some big changes.
        
       | southernplaces7 wrote:
       | The sheer quantity of completely ridiculous, absurd economic and
       | political beliefs, and predictions on this comment thread is
       | amusing, all the more so when you consider that so many on HN who
       | deride the wealthy are themselves part of the global 1% of elites
       | in terms of income and access to resources, and have made their
       | way to this position in the very same market economies that are
       | supposedly bringing us all to slavery and misery of nearly feudal
       | proportions.
       | 
       | For a site whose readers like to tout the general trend here as
       | being of people with above average intelligence, ignorance and
       | blindness to the obvious is rife.
        
       | grumpy-de-sre wrote:
       | I believe a lot of this is where China's current deflationary
       | pressure is coming from. China has driven the cost to produce
       | energy and goods right down to the floor through tremendous scale
       | and efficiency. There doesn't seem to be any sign prices have
       | reached the bottom yet. A lot of parallels to "The Great
       | Deflation" [1] of the late 1800s.
       | 
       | Quoting Wikipedia,
       | 
       | "The prices of most basic commodities and mass-produced goods
       | fell almost continuously; however, nominal wages remained steady,
       | resulting in a pronounced and prolonged rise in real wages,
       | disposable income and savings - essentially giving birth to the
       | middle class. Goods produced by craftsmen, as opposed to in
       | factories, did not decrease in price"
       | 
       | China's system really prioritizes worker and middle class
       | prosperity. Over here in the west we're too busy sliding into a
       | rent seeking oligarchy that we haven't noticed yet.
       | 
       | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Deflation
        
       | Delomomonl wrote:
       | Ai and robotics will push us into a golden area for x years until
       | they become so good that we better have an answer to the
       | implications of full automation of everything.
       | 
       | Also the laber shortage is pushing this transition even faster in
       | potential traditional/ slow areas.
        
       | bwfan123 wrote:
       | so, the narrative from semianalysis is shifting from "agi is
       | imminent" to "robotics will take over" - what does that mean for
       | semi sales ?
        
       | meetingthrower wrote:
       | Where can one go and keep up with the latest in special purpose
       | robotics? E.g., if I wanted to know about every new robot in the
       | construction industry and similar labor intensive trades, is
       | there a place that covers that?
        
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