[HN Gopher] In contrast to Earth, Mars's middle atmosphere appea...
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       In contrast to Earth, Mars's middle atmosphere appears driven by
       gravity waves
        
       Author : wglb
       Score  : 71 points
       Date   : 2025-03-09 03:15 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (phys.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
        
       | wglb wrote:
       | Referenced article:
       | https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023JE00...
        
       | colanderman wrote:
       | > Not to be confused with gravitational waves from massive
       | stellar bodies, [gravity waves] are an atmospheric phenomenon
       | when a packet of air rises and falls due to variations in
       | buoyancy.
       | 
       | For those similarly confused by the title as I.
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | I used to thing programmers were bad a naming things until I
         | became interested in physics.
        
           | DiggyJohnson wrote:
           | Related to this discussion, astronomers' usage of 'metal' is
           | a fun example.
        
             | hamilyon2 wrote:
             | And musicians!
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Salts in chemistry too
        
             | dmoy wrote:
             | "it can't be that bad, can it?"
             | 
             | > astronomers use the word metals as convenient shorthand
             | for all elements except hydrogen and helium
             | 
             | what, ok
        
               | kadoban wrote:
               | Yeah, fun, right?
               | 
               | I've looked up why before, tldr it's just because
               | historically astronomers have never had to care in any
               | detail about chemical reactions (this is not strictly
               | true of course, but somewhat close for at least a large
               | subset). So they just need a term for "crap that came
               | from stars".
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | Eh, that grosses over the defining difference that
               | hydrogen, helium, and a little bit of lithium are
               | everywhere everywhen all at once because of The Bog Bang,
               | whereas everything else is concentrated due to being
               | produced in supernovas and neutron stars.
        
               | wavemode wrote:
               | Reminds me of: https://xkcd.com/2205/
        
               | dataflow wrote:
               | Isn't there predicted to be liquid metallic hydrogen in
               | Jupiter's core?
        
               | danparsonson wrote:
               | Metallic as an adjective, behaving like a metal - due to
               | the insane pressures. Different usage of the word
               | "metal".
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | So for astronomers, metallic means "behaving like
               | everything else other than hydrogen and helium".
               | 
               | In fact, I'm guessing "metal" (noun) came _from_ use of
               | "metallic" (adjective). The mention of helium betrays it
               | - _helium is what hydrogen behaves like_ normally  "due
               | to the insane pressures" (and heat), so what it basically
               | says is just "not hydrogen".
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | "Metal" to astronomers simply means "non-primordial". As
               | in, not created by the primordial nucleosynthesis.
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | To keep on topic, that makes Earth's and Mars'
               | atmospheres consist of metals.
        
               | cjfd wrote:
               | Hydrogen can be a metal too.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_hydrogen
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | Point is, not in the astrophycisists' use of the word
               | (and not really in any other use either - metallic
               | hydrogen is not a metal, just behaves in some aspects
               | like metal). To astrophysicists, hydrogen is not a metal
               | by definition, which is literally "everything except
               | hydrogen and helium". No matter how exotic a phase.
               | 
               | Nb. The subset of astronomers who call everything after
               | helium "metals" is mostly disjoint from the subset that's
               | interested in gas giant interiors.
        
           | bane wrote:
           | Wait until you spend time learning probability, or worse,
           | biology.
        
           | andrewflnr wrote:
           | Worse than math, where set theory, type theory, group theory,
           | and category theory all exist and refer to barely-related
           | things?
        
             | lucasoshiro wrote:
             | I really can't see why they are called categories... Do we
             | have anything that we categorize and get categories from
             | it? Looks like another synonym to "set" and "group" that
             | wasn't used so far.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | So in a thread about Mars's atmosphere, we wind up at
               | category theory.
               | 
               | Never change, HN, never change.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | Reminds me of that article[0] that says the trebuchet is a
           | _gravity weapon_. That 's because it's the gravity that does
           | _both_ the launching and the dropping.
           | 
           | With some interesting consequences that sort of justify
           | calling it that.
           | 
           | --
           | 
           | [0] - https://michaeldominik.substack.com/p/physics-
           | rediscovered-i...
        
         | erkt wrote:
         | I am cynical but, I am pretty sure the ambiguity was
         | intentional
        
         | NotYourLawyer wrote:
         | Seriously, what a dumb title. Anybody who knows what gravity
         | waves are is gonna read it and go "what?? no."
        
           | pfdietz wrote:
           | You are confusing gravity waves and gravitational waves.
           | 
           | Gravity waves are waves where the restoring force on some
           | medium comes from gravity. Waves you see on the surface of
           | water, for example, are gravity waves.
        
             | NotYourLawyer wrote:
             | Ok, that's a good point. But gravity wave is commonly used
             | as shorthand for gravitational wave.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | But not in this case, so your criticism was unwarranted.
        
         | divbzero wrote:
         | One type of gravity waves can be seen on Earth where its
         | atmosphere meets large bodies of water. These are commonly
         | known as ocean waves.
        
       | fleeb_ wrote:
       | As always - relevant XKCD - https://xkcd.com/2340/
        
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