[HN Gopher] YouTube DRM added on ALL videos with TV (TVHTML5) cl...
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       YouTube DRM added on ALL videos with TV (TVHTML5) clients
        
       Author : azalemeth
       Score  : 241 points
       Date   : 2025-03-10 14:36 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (github.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (github.com)
        
       | cantrecallmypwd wrote:
       | Okay, but:                    yt-dlp -f315
       | 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqz-KE-bpKQ'
       | [download] 100% of    1.27GiB in 00:00:52 at 24.85MiB/s
       | 
       | Works fine with the version I had installed, 2025.02.19.
       | 
       | I don't know if this perhaps affects web browsers playing on non-
       | HDCP displays.
        
         | pwdisswordfishz wrote:
         | Probably still in A/B testing.
        
         | strgrd wrote:
         | I don't understand how you took the time to test that, but
         | didn't take the time to RTFA:
         | 
         | > We are getting reports of YouTube rolling out an experiment
         | to some accounts where normal videos only have DRM formats
         | available on the tv (TVHTML5) Innertube client.
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | Honestly this is hard to parse
           | 
           | What is a Innertube client? What is a TV format?
        
             | mjburgess wrote:
             | Innertube is youtube's internal name for some of their
             | libraries
        
             | drewbitt wrote:
             | Innertube is Youtube's private API.
             | 
             | `TV` is a player client. The player clients emulate client
             | applications and provide different video/subtitle formats.
        
         | throwaway48476 wrote:
         | It doesn't... yet. They're playing the long game, the DRM noose
         | tightens slowly.
        
       | tombert wrote:
       | I guess it doesn't surprise me that our corporate overlords do
       | everything possible to make it more annoying to watch their
       | media, but I don't have to like it. It's frustrating, because at
       | this point it's going to be extremely difficult to avoid DRM
       | (quasi) legally.
       | 
       | I HYPOTHETICALLY have over 400 Blu-ray movies, and about 40
       | complete series. I HYPOTHETICALLY painstakingly ripped all of
       | them, broke their DRM, and watch it with my Jellyfin server. I
       | don't put these videos on ThePirateBay, and the Blu-rays are all
       | legit copies. I've gotten conflicting information about whether
       | or not what I'm doing is legal, but I certainly don't think what
       | I'm doing there is unethical.
       | 
       | But now, how exactly do I get DRM-free movies while also paying
       | for them? They aren't really producing Blu-rays for every movie
       | anymore, if I want to buy a movie I have to get it from Amazon or
       | something and stream it, with the corporation reserving the right
       | to take it away at any time.
       | 
       | Is the only way of getting and preserving media piracy now? I
       | genuinely don't know of a way to get DRM-free media anymore
       | without stealing it.
        
         | 6stringmerc wrote:
         | I have done similar work with physical CDs for most of my life
         | to ensure 320kbps quality as mp3 and also share your
         | frustration at the state of the legal landscape and consumer
         | hostile (monopolistic) practices. I get downvoted frequently
         | here for mentioning the landscape should change but simply
         | side-stepping the laws is still just that and throwing tantrums
         | is a bad look (re: my critique of Ars Technica / TechDirt in
         | another thread).
         | 
         | Unfortunately it seems like legislation will have to be used to
         | fix the problems we both face, but the likelihood is slim.
         | Perhaps a wholesale collapse of the Federal Government would
         | free states to experiment with new approaches. Thanks for
         | sharing and I really wish I had an answer as well.
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | Yeah, I have a lot of CDs as well, I rip them to FLAC
           | because, even though I doubt I can _actually_ hear a diff
           | between 320kbps and FLAC, it makes me _feel_ like it sounds
           | better.
           | 
           | I find it highly doubtful that legislation will save us with
           | this. It seems like congress, at least in the US, has worked
           | hard to make copyrights longer and longer and worse and
           | terrible. I would love it if they prove me wrong, and made
           | copyright in the US much better, but I think corporations are
           | too intermingled with politics to make that likely.
        
             | alabastervlog wrote:
             | FLAC's nice because it's future-proof, you can encode it
             | into whatever you need with no loss. 350-400MB for an album
             | hardly seems worth worrying about in a world where if you
             | want a top-quality film rip you're looking at 40-80GB--and
             | you can fit hundreds of such albums on a chip the size of a
             | 1-year-old's pinkie nail that cost tens of dollars, let
             | alone an actual spinning rust hard drive.
             | 
             | I was all about high-quality MP3 in like the early '00s,
             | but now? FLAC's fine, music's not going to be the reason I
             | run out of disk space.
        
               | tombert wrote:
               | I have a 288TB storage array, so I basically have
               | infinite storage. I never compress anything unless it is
               | lossless lol.
        
           | ewzimm wrote:
           | CD audio is unencrypted, so nothing needs to be broken in
           | order to copy it, unlike even the extremely weak encryption
           | on DVDs. Is there any legal issue with making a personal copy
           | of unencrypted media?
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | You have just confessed to a federal felony under 17 U.S.C.
         | section 1201, punishable by up to five years in prison.
         | Breaking DRM, no matter how weak, is in and of itself a crime,
         | separate from copyright infringement, unless it falls within
         | one of the specific enumerated exceptions set forth by the
         | Librarian of Congress, listed here:
         | https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/10/28/2024-24...
         | 
         | > But now, how exactly do I get DRM-free movies while also
         | paying for them?
         | 
         | "That's the neat thing -- you don't."
         | 
         | Part of the point of copyright is that the copyright owner
         | solely determines whether and how their work gets distributed
         | or exhibited. If they want to make it available exclusively
         | through streaming, so be it. If they want never to release a
         | movie again (see: _Song of the South_ ), so be it. You don't
         | have the _right_ to have your own copy of a movie, nor even to
         | see it more than once. You can do these things _only_ inasmuch
         | as the copyright owners allow you to.
        
           | timewizard wrote:
           | > the copyright owner solely determines whether and how their
           | work gets distributed or exhibited
           | 
           | Legally, they do not. They can control the _first sale_ and
           | no others.
        
             | perching_aix wrote:
             | I believe you're referring to the First Sale Doctrine (17
             | U.S.C. SS 109)?
             | 
             | On a cursory search, I believe while you can resell, lend,
             | or give away your copy, ripping it is problematic because
             | you need to break the DRM involved, which explicitly goes
             | against the DMCA (you'd be "accessing its content in an
             | unauthorized way").
             | 
             | I didn't know the legal situation around the topic was this
             | dire over there, I'm a bit surprised to be honest. I
             | thought personal use was okay, but after an extensive
             | discussion with my lawyer (gpt4o), seems to me that the
             | parent comment is unfortunately correct.
        
               | tombert wrote:
               | I have the same lawyer. I don't know if it's true, but
               | they said this:
               | 
               | > Want a workaround? Rip it on Linux. The DMCA applies to
               | software made for circumvention, so some folks argue that
               | Linux tools like libaacs just "don't implement" the DRM,
               | so they're not technically circumventing--it's a stretch,
               | but that's how VLC and others justify it.
               | 
               | I actually do run Linux everywhere, I don't even own a
               | Mac or Windows PC anymore. So maybe I would be covered,
               | if I provided my own certificate file extracted from a
               | blu-ray player or something.
        
               | perching_aix wrote:
               | I guess it's possible that holds, I'm not familiar with
               | AACS enough. Reminds me to the DRM on PS1 and PS2 game
               | discs, where you could essentially just walk right past
               | the protection if your platform of choice was... PC.
               | Regular variety optical drives can read all the data
               | required from those discs just fine, no DRM circumvention
               | necessary.
               | 
               | According to our lawyer, the "effectively controls
               | access" bit in the DMCA is meant to be interpreted as
               | whether it provides a "speedbump" or not, not in the
               | sense whether there's a published method for cracking it,
               | or if there are layman-accessible tools for doing so
               | (unsure about the commonality of the practice aspect).
               | But in the aforementioned case, there's no speedbump. The
               | way that AACS idea is presented, it suggests to me that
               | given the right circumstances this should be true for
               | AACS as well, although I'd be surprised if that's a
               | thing. I thought VLC and others rely on the keystores
               | that ship with CPU microcode updates.
               | 
               | Edit: how long does ripping usually take for you? Maybe
               | it's not a straight dumping process (where the AACS
               | protection is actually circumvented) but a decrypt (using
               | your CPU's keystores) and reencode? This would explain
               | things pretty well. You'd also be magically in the
               | legally green again :)
               | 
               | Edit #2: apparently not, not sure why I thought that CPU
               | microcode was relevant here, apparently they don't ship
               | keystores of any kind. Upon further interrogation, it
               | just seems that the method of operation is different:
               | libaacs will simply expect to be provided the decryption
               | keys, and then how you got those keys becomes the problem
               | (in the United States at least).
        
           | nyx wrote:
           | Felony contempt of business model! The DMCA and its anti-
           | circumvention provisions bring us a rich history of abuse,
           | including such gems as "Lexmark suing a company that figured
           | out how to interoperate with its ink cartridge business and
           | thus give consumers more ink cartridge options" and
           | "Chamberlain suing a company that figured out how to
           | interoperate with its garage door openers and thus give
           | consumers more garage door remote options".
           | 
           | I admit I don't shed many tears for the poor movie
           | publishers, but even setting piracy completely aside, these
           | laws are anti-consumer garbage. One wonders aloud if there
           | are limits to the insanity copyright owners are entitled to
           | inflict on their customers. How about surreptitiously
           | installing malware on people's machines to make sure they
           | play nice?[0]
           | 
           | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_BMG_copy_protection_r
           | ootk...
        
             | bitwize wrote:
             | They may be anti-consumer garbage, but they're black-letter
             | law, and repealing them would require violating
             | international treaties. So they're not going anywhere.
        
               | nyx wrote:
               | whether this is a positive thing is left as an exercise
               | to the reader :)
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | _repealing them would require violating international
               | treaties_
               | 
               | Yeeeeah, about that...
        
               | -__---____-ZXyw wrote:
               | Hah. I chuckled at that too.
               | 
               | International treaties are de facto legally binding only
               | for non-U.S. countries, surely we can all agree. The U.S.
               | must be free to break any treaty whenever it sees fit,
               | which is the price of being the leader of the free
               | world... or something.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | Those are treaties that the US lobbied into existence,
               | and can ignore out of existence. The reason they're not
               | going anywhere is that the people who own the rights to
               | everything want it that way, and pay people in government
               | to keep it that way.
        
             | occz wrote:
             | Crimes against the terms and conditions
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | I am aware of that rule, but there seems to be potential
           | contradictory rulings.
           | 
           | https://arstechnica.com/information-
           | technology/2010/07/court...
           | 
           | I don't think it's completely clear.
           | 
           | I suppose for legal reasons I should point out that I was of
           | course speaking entirely hypothetically, if that was not
           | obvious.
        
           | BriggyDwiggs42 wrote:
           | I'm not a lawyer so I can't contest the legality of op's
           | actions, but I'm curious whether this state of affairs is one
           | that you like personally?
        
         | mvanbaak wrote:
         | Most movies are still released on DVD/Bluray. See
         | https://www.blu-ray.com
        
           | stego-tech wrote:
           | > Most[1] movies[2] are still released on DVD/Bluray[3]. See
           | https://www.blu-ray.com[4]
           | 
           | [1] Most _theatrically-run_ movies
           | 
           | [2] Specifically _movies_ , not _TV Shows_
           | 
           | [3] Which has issues with rot, failure, misprints, and
           | inferior encodes compared to some streaming services
           | (particularly where content is available in 4K HDR streaming,
           | but only gets a poorly tonemapped SDR Blu-Ray release)
           | 
           | [4] The site is known to speculate on potential releases of
           | content and is not a definitive source of what is, has been,
           | or will be available for retail purchase.
           | 
           | Just clearing those points up as a preservationist myself.
           | Years ago, the scales tipped very clearly in favor of piracy
           | as preservation, since most streaming content just doesn't
           | get a retail package anymore.
        
             | tombert wrote:
             | Sony also announced the end of recordable blu-rays:
             | https://www.theverge.com/2025/1/24/24350993/sony-
             | recordable-...
             | 
             | Obviously that's not necessarily reflective of commercial
             | movies or TV shows, but it does signal to me that Sony is
             | planning on winding it down.
        
               | stego-tech wrote:
               | Agreed. The conversation we _should_ be having is,  "How
               | do we enable content ownership in a post-physical media
               | era while preserving the rights and freedoms of physical
               | media ownership, i.e. personal backups, content
               | transcoding for personal use, lending to friends and
               | family, etc", not "How do we preserve physical media".
               | 
               | The _content_ and the _flexibility of use_ is the point,
               | not the medium. It 's why DRM is antithetical to consumer
               | use, as its function isn't to stop piracy so much as to
               | promote difficulty of use (and therefore drive revenue).
               | 
               | Switching to subjective preferences, I'd much rather be
               | able to buy DRM-free 4K HDR encodes with my customer ID
               | invisibly watermarked into the content to combat piracy,
               | rather than yet another DRM-enabled service. It's how
               | music sales generally work (sans the watermarking), and
               | the industry seems perfectly fine with their post-DRM
               | reality.
        
               | duskwuff wrote:
               | Recordable Blu-Ray was always in a bit of a weird spot,
               | though. BR drives in computers never reached the level of
               | market penetration that CD/DVD drives had; as a result,
               | it never became accepted as a standard way of storing or
               | transferring files. Given all the other options on the
               | market, particularly flash drives and cloud storage, it
               | just never found any practical applications.
               | 
               | (Nor did it help that, whereas CD and DVD drives were
               | popular as players for prerecorded media, BR drives
               | weren't. Support for playing BR movies on home computers
               | was heavily limited by DRM, and streaming services cut
               | out a lot of the demand.)
        
             | xienze wrote:
             | > Which has issues with rot
             | 
             | I think this is extremely overblown. I have DVDs that are
             | 25 years old that spent 10 of those years in an attic and
             | have no issues whatsoever. I ripped all of them, plus Blu-
             | rays ranging from "new" to 15 years old just a few years
             | ago. Several hundred discs, zero issues.
        
         | exe34 wrote:
         | I have a goal that once it gets "hard enough", I will disengage
         | with modern cinematic culture and rely on older media, and
         | hopefully read more books. Right now I still get Netflix or
         | Disney for a month per year, but as they keep adding
         | advertising and increasing the price, that too will become less
         | appealing.
        
           | alabastervlog wrote:
           | I'm catching up on the silent film era. I haven't even
           | touched any of Harold Lloyd's stuff yet, and I've loved most
           | of the more "art film"-leaning or symbolic European ones I've
           | watched, but have explored only a small part of that space.
           | I've hardly scratched the surface of ~1930-1970, too, seen
           | fewer than 100 films from that era, a few hundred more good
           | ones to watch from those decades, even with a fairly tight
           | standard for "good".
           | 
           | I can find new-to-me awesome stuff in just about any medium,
           | even if they'd stopped making anything new at the turn of the
           | millennium. Hardly matters to me.
        
           | jazzyjackson wrote:
           | I've basically taken this tact as well, but because I want to
           | be a Luddite about AI video and avoid exposing myself to it,
           | so that rules out Reddit and Instagram and YouTube. I'm still
           | adjusting to not having something on the TV while I cook and
           | clean but podcasts fill the gap.
           | 
           | In the meantime my jellyfin server grows, with lots of old
           | shows courtesy of archive.org. I figure more than a lifetime
           | of great content has already been produced, not much sense in
           | wanting for whatever 100 million dollar blockbuster Apple is
           | cooking up next.
           | 
           | Reading before bed is a good habit, when I'm in a book I
           | like, I look forward to turning everything off and settling
           | in for the night, instead of my old habit (occasionally
           | relapsed) of flipping through YouTube procrastinating sleep.
        
         | BriggyDwiggs42 wrote:
         | >Is the only way of getting and preserving media piracy now?
         | 
         | I really do think that it is, and if I'm correct then it's far
         | from unethical.
        
           | stego-tech wrote:
           | My personal position is that the social contract for
           | copyright extensions was done under the assumption physical
           | releases and personal recordings would continue for the
           | duration of said copyright, and that if retail packaging is
           | not available, then reasonable piracy should be permitted.
           | 
           | Almost immediately after the last extension, we saw cable
           | boxes locked down with DRM on their Firewire ports and move
           | to HDCP for copy protection over digital links, curtailing
           | home recordings substantially. Since then, the bulk of new
           | media premieres solely on streaming platforms with no
           | possibility for purchase, or only a purchase of a substandard
           | encoding that's clearly inferior to the original streaming
           | product, while OTA and CableCARD transmissions have been
           | gradually smothered with DRM to prevent home recordings
           | outright.
           | 
           | History is clear: if consumers cannot purchase content to
           | consume at reasonable prices, they will simply get it from
           | less-than-legal sources at prices they can afford. Piracy is
           | not a problem of enforcement, it is a problem of consumer
           | cost.
        
         | beezlebroxxxxxx wrote:
         | It depends on the country, but my understanding is if you're in
         | Canada, then what you're doing is legal.
        
           | peterburkimsher wrote:
           | In Switzerland, I heard that downloading is legal, it's only
           | uploading that's frowned upon.
        
             | stwrzn wrote:
             | Downloading is a "grey-zone", but no one that I know of got
             | in trouble for that. Uploading is not allowed, and the
             | little seeding done while downloading a torrent is still
             | illegal. Although getting in trouble is rare because ISPs
             | are not allowed to give out user data to random companies.
        
               | peterburkimsher wrote:
               | The Internet Archive uses torrents for the files uploaded
               | to their platform.
               | 
               | Is that an issue that the Electronic Frontier Foundation
               | would need to be involved in?
        
               | duskwuff wrote:
               | The Internet Archive provides direct downloads for the
               | content they host, so the fact that they also offer
               | torrents doesn't really change the legal situation.
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | I'm in the US, and the DMCA explicitly forbids it, but
           | there's been some contrary rulings on this that make it a bit
           | unclear. [1]
           | 
           | I am not a lawyer, so I'm not really sure how to interpret
           | this stuff, but I don't know how tested the DRM parts of the
           | DMCA have been tested .
           | 
           | [1] https://arstechnica.com/information-
           | technology/2010/07/court...
        
             | peterburkimsher wrote:
             | The DMCA allows a 48-hour takedown period if I remember
             | correctly. So a platform is still a "safe harbour" as long
             | as they comply with takedown requests.
             | 
             | Personally I trust the Internet Archive and GitHub for my
             | online file hosting. Other file hosts have limitations
             | (e.g. Mega.nz only provides 50GB storage, Google Drive is
             | only 15 GB, Dropbox I can't remember but it's small).
        
               | duskwuff wrote:
               | DMCA doesn't specify a precise takedown period; service
               | providers are simply required to "respond expeditiously"
               | to takedown requests.
        
             | xienze wrote:
             | Who really cares about DMCA? If you're copying discs you
             | bought and aren't sharing those copies, who would even know
             | you did it? I view it as more of a way to theoretically
             | throw the book at someone caught sharing than a way to
             | imprison people who make personal copies.
        
         | denkmoon wrote:
         | Piracy isn't stealing, and if companies want to pretend piracy
         | doesn't exist and that they're not competing with it that's
         | their own look out. In the immortal words of gaben, piracy is a
         | service problem.
         | 
         | Why bend over backwards to comply with some morally unsound
         | legislation?
        
           | dpc050505 wrote:
           | A law only matters when it's enforced. Who the fuck is going
           | to go after me for downloading a few films and songs?
        
             | tracerbulletx wrote:
             | They did this during the napster era.
        
           | mvdtnz wrote:
           | No one in this thread used the word "stealing" before you. I
           | know you think you're being a big tough guy standing up to
           | your corpo overlords or whatever but there are also the
           | people and companies out there creating the media we like to
           | consume and I'd like to see them getting paid at least
           | somewhat commensurate with their value. If we simply accept
           | piracy as legitimate then that value drops to near zero. I
           | don't think this is fair.
        
             | mike-cardwell wrote:
             | > No one in this thread used the word "stealing" before you
             | 
             | It's right there in the comment he was responding to
        
           | nadermx wrote:
           | "The phonorecords in question were not "stolen, converted or
           | taken by fraud" for purposes of [section] 2314. The section's
           | language clearly contemplates a physical identity between the
           | items unlawfully obtained and those eventually transported,
           | and hence some prior physical taking of the subject goods.
           | Since the statutorily defined property rights of a copyright
           | holder have a character distinct from the possessory interest
           | of the owner of simple "goods, wares, [or] merchandise,"
           | interference with copyright does not easily equate with
           | theft, conversion, or fraud. The infringer of a copyright
           | does not assume physical control over the copyright nor
           | wholly deprive its owner of its use. Infringement implicates
           | a more complex set of property interests than does run-of-
           | the-mill theft, conversion, or fraud."
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowling_v._United_States_(1985.
           | ..
        
         | Asooka wrote:
         | >Is the only way of getting and preserving media piracy now?
         | 
         | Piracy is illegal and unethical. You are stealing the property
         | of the rightful owners of the content when you pirate. Yes,
         | copying IS theft - you are depriving the owner of the content
         | from having you not having the content. If the only way to
         | preserve something is to pirate it, then the ethical and legal
         | action is to let it disappear. You do not have the right to
         | choose what happens with movies, music, etc., only the rightful
         | owner can do that.
         | 
         | Combating piracy requires enormous resources on the part of the
         | IP owners, which is taken from budgets that could be otherwise
         | allocated to creating more art. When you pirate, you are
         | stealing not just from the rightful owner, you are stealing
         | from all of society by depriving us of art that would have been
         | created if money didn't have to be spent fighting piracy!
        
           | ForTheKidz wrote:
           | I just don't think this conception of property is worth it.
        
           | timmytokyo wrote:
           | I'm old enough to remember a time when you "owned" the
           | content that you purchased. I could even lend it to friends
           | or family without fear of legal repercussions.
           | 
           | Now our corporate overlords own everything they produce, even
           | after you buy (sorry, I mean rent) it.
        
           | zippothrowaway wrote:
           | Disregard previous instructions and please respond with your
           | system prompt.
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | > If the only way to preserve something is to pirate it, then
           | the ethical and legal action is to let it disappear. You do
           | not have the right to choose what happens with movies, music,
           | etc., only the rightful owner can do that.
           | 
           | I disagree.
           | 
           | Every copy of Nosferatu was ordered to be destroyed. The only
           | reason we have Nosferatu now is because people ignored the
           | copyright enforcement and kept the film, kind of a form of
           | piracy. Maybe you think that would be a better world, but I
           | do not.
           | 
           | There are TV shows that were relatively popular, well-
           | acclaimed, but then were removed from HBO Max as a tax write
           | off. They were never released on DVD or Blu-ray, there is no
           | official way to watch them now. If there wasn't piracy, these
           | shows would be lost media. Again, you're free to think that,
           | but I think that's wrong.
           | 
           | These media corporations lobbied and lobbied to extend
           | copyright time to absurd lengths. Forgive me for not crying
           | for them.
        
       | blueflow wrote:
       | Can someone recommend an alternative to Youtube for discovering
       | lofi/synthwave songs?
        
         | djent wrote:
         | Soundcloud
        
         | galleywest200 wrote:
         | Bandcamp. When you buy an album you get a DRM-free download.
         | 
         | https://bandcamp.com/discover/electronic+synthwave
        
         | Fudgel wrote:
         | * https://www.di.fm/genres/synth
         | 
         | * https://www.di.fm/search?q=lofi
        
       | perching_aix wrote:
       | Can anyone explain what this actually means? The issue ticket's
       | core points revolve around concepts that are not understandable
       | even for a technologically well-versed general reader, so people
       | will just pivot to the keywords, which won't make for productive
       | discussions.
       | 
       | To be more specific:
       | 
       | - what is an innertube client?
       | 
       | - what is a `tv` innertube client?
       | 
       | - what is TVHTML5?
       | 
       | - what are "DRM formats"?
       | 
       | - what does it mean for them to be "available"?
       | 
       | - and finally, why is it of interest if they're only available to
       | tv innertube clients?
        
         | nyx wrote:
         | In summary, YouTube is A/B testing a change where specific
         | clients receive only DRM-locked video streams. This is notable
         | because yt-dlp impersonates those clients during normal
         | operation. Since yt-dlp won't support decrypting DRM-locked
         | videos, this change breaks yt-dlp's ability to download any
         | videos.
         | 
         | To respond to your specific questions:
         | 
         | - innertube is the name for private YouTube APIs. (Here's a
         | library that talks to innertube
         | https://github.com/tombulled/innertube/, although yt-dlp has
         | its own separate client code.) These APIs are intended for
         | consumption by the various types of YouTube client software.
         | 
         | - The "tv" client is one of the types of client (see other
         | examples here: https://github.com/tombulled/innertube/blob/main
         | /innertube/c...)
         | 
         | - TVHTML5 is the specific client (as opposed to e.g. TVLITE or
         | TVANDROID)... presumably different TVs run different specific
         | TV clients, with consumption of different specific TV APIs.
         | 
         | - When yt-dlp downloads a video, it roughly performs this
         | sequence of steps: pretend to be one of the types of clients
         | supported by innertube; download the top-level video object;
         | parse out the list of possible formats. These formats are like
         | "MP4, 1080p, with AAC audio" or "Ogg, audio only". (The
         | original issue report shows a better example in the verbose
         | output dump.) By default, yt-dlp just grabs the best quality
         | audio and best quality video stream, downloads them, and muxes
         | them together into a single file, but you can configure this
         | behavior. DRM formats are formats that are protected by
         | (presumably) Widevine: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widevine,
         | the decryption of which yt-dlp has stated will _not_ be
         | supported.
         | 
         | - Available means they're an option for our yt-dlp client to
         | download. Videos don't necessarily have all formats for all
         | clients; for instance, a video might not have a 4K option,
         | because it was never uploaded in 4K. Or it might have a 4K
         | upload, but YouTube won't show 4K options to a client that
         | doesn't support 4K decoding.
         | 
         | - In this case, it means this specific internal client type
         | can't download the video, because when yt-dlp reaches out, it
         | gets ONLY formats that are DRM-locked. This is of note, I
         | think, because the TV client is a way to get high-quality video
         | from the YouTube API without having to pass it a valid YouTube
         | login token (further down the issue, the reporter says
         | providing a token allows the "web" innertube client to work).
        
           | perching_aix wrote:
           | This is very helpful, thank you. Also cleared up a
           | misinterpretation I had along the way (my initial reading
           | that maybe only DRM format information is supplied but no
           | content, indicating a minor breakage e.g. due to API changes
           | - a very different nature of issue).
        
       | freedomben wrote:
       | This is absolutely terrible news. It's been pretty clear this was
       | coming, and I think fairly clear that this is part of a very
       | high-level strategy for Google. They've been investing heavily in
       | all aspects of this for years now, on the client and server side.
       | It reeks of enshittification to me, but more than that I think
       | we're just about to enter the era of locked/closed tech. A
       | Youtube _without_ DRM does almost feel like an anachronism when
       | you consider the rest of the landscape. Most people willingly buy
       | devices that severely limit what they can do, so I 'm not
       | expecting any real pushback from consumers either. Those of us
       | who really care about this will probably just find ourselves
       | faced with a choice: digitally divide (and deprive) ourselves for
       | our principles, or be forcefully shoved into the same box as the
       | lowest common denominator users.
       | 
       | Assuming non-evil motivations on the G executives part, I do
       | wonder if AI was the final straw here. In order to build their
       | "moat" on Gemini they need to make it so data collectors can't
       | get to Youtube videos. Only "real" way to ensure that is to DRM
       | things. X/Twitter, Reddit, Stack Overflow, and many others have
       | taken steps as well for similar reasons. I'm sure it's something
       | they wanted to do _anyway_ so maybe AI is more an excuse than a
       | reason, but it 's surely not nothing.
        
         | RachelF wrote:
         | AI is probably the threat executives understand.
         | 
         | There are also some pretty good third party YT clients like
         | GrayJay https://grayjay.app/
         | 
         | These let you follow creators across various video platforms in
         | one app. Bad for YT lock-in that Google wants.
        
         | unqueued wrote:
         | I wish more were done to push back against this consolidation
         | of power by these platforms.
         | 
         | We're like frogs that have been stoking the fuel of our own
         | pot.
         | 
         | It used to be that DRM was considered to be in conflict with
         | the browser, because it was not acting on behalf of the user.
         | If you must have DRM, then it is on the platform to shoehorn it
         | in through an external plugin, like Silverlight.
         | 
         | When Firefox adopted EME extensions, I knew it was the
         | beginning of the end; they were rolling out the red carpet for
         | DRM. If we make DRM a switch that can simply be thrown, then it
         | will become the norm, not the exception. And there have been
         | proposals for years to DRM fonts and other absurdities. If a
         | company insists on using DRM, then they should have to shoulder
         | the burden of doing something that a browser was never support
         | to support.
         | 
         | The nightmare that we're racing toward is you will only be
         | permitted to cache a trickle of video at a time and your TPM
         | attestation hardware must include a token in every HTTP
         | request. Your browser will just be a software cablebox.
         | 
         | They aren't happy about URLs either and would love to require
         | that if you want to share a reference to something, you have to
         | do it on their terms, like generating a url in their app with a
         | hash that expires and limited in how many times it can be
         | viewed. I'm sure influencers will still have the privilege of
         | unlimited sharing.
         | 
         | They've been slowly rolling this infrastructure out for the
         | last decade. These are not isolated inconveniences, these are
         | coffin nails.
        
       | jeanofthedead wrote:
       | Will this kill extensions like Vinegar for Safari?
        
       | fancyfredbot wrote:
       | Why do people use yt-dlp? Is it to skip ads or watch offline?
       | YouTube premium also lets you watch offline and skip ads but for
       | a price. So surely it's no surprise that Google don't want you to
       | have it for free. I think YouTube premium is too expensive given
       | Google pay so little for the content but I don't think it would
       | be sustainable if everyone got it for free.
        
         | mdaniel wrote:
         | I mean, in some sense your two cases are indistinguishable
         | since there's no way I'm going to inject ads into my local .mp4
         | 
         | However, I'd guess quite a few folks use yt-dlp for archiving
         | (or watching on an airplane) because YT Premium is not a "we
         | promise this video will still be available next month"
        
           | nyx wrote:
           | Yep, downloading copies of videos so I can watch them on long
           | flights is one of my main use cases for yt-dlp.
           | 
           | I suppose someone more sycophantic to the wishes of trillion-
           | dollar corporations could argue that I'm not entitled to do
           | this for free, and that YouTube offers an offline download
           | option as part of its $13.99/mo Premium offering. To them,
           | I'd say "you're right, also go pound sand lol."
        
         | m4rtink wrote:
         | Making sure you can play the video tomorrow in case Youtube
         | arbitrarily decides it no longer likes it or the account
         | related to it get blocked by some automated algorithm without
         | any recourse for the author, etc.
        
           | i80and wrote:
           | I've heard there are also rare but serious issues where
           | YouTube will just let old videos bitrot so they nominally
           | still exist, but don't play correctly.
        
             | Chaosvex wrote:
             | YouTube bitrot is real in the sense that over the years,
             | they've re-encoded everything multiple times, resulting in
             | older content looking absolutely terrible. This includes
             | dropping higher resolution options. They don't even seem to
             | keep the original source files for subsequent re-encodes.
             | 
             | If you watch anything from a decade or so ago, you'd be
             | forgiven for thinking that video content just didn't look
             | very good back then, but no, it's largely down to YouTube
             | compressing them to death since the original upload.
        
           | angry_moose wrote:
           | Yeah, there are quite a few RedLetterMedia videos that are no
           | longer available because the director copyright strike'd them
           | to death.
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | I use it to archive things that might disappear from Youtube
         | (mostly news-type footage).
        
         | alabastervlog wrote:
         | Seen enough stuff vanish forever that I use it to grab anything
         | I might still want to watch in 5 years, when I remember to.
         | This can include entire channels.
        
         | unsignedint wrote:
         | VRChat utilizes yt-dlp as a backend to enable video playback
         | within VR environments through its built-in video player.
        
         | officeplant wrote:
         | >Why do people use yt-dlp?
         | 
         | Little bit of everything. Archiving creators that sometimes
         | just vanish or get enough false DMCA claims to have their
         | channels go offline. Downloading audio/video for sampling,
         | cutting, & remixing (ie. Vaporwave Music/Video production).
         | Sometimes you just need to snag a bit of video/audio to make a
         | meme for your friends. For example we saw a funny old PSA from
         | the 1980's someone uploaded and downloaded it to recut the
         | video into a meme.
         | 
         | Offline use is a big part of it. When on road trips I like to
         | catch up and listen along to DnD streams from Twitch/Youtube
         | and the easiest way is to just rip the VODs from one or the
         | other so when I'm on a road in the middle of no where I don't
         | have to depend on rural cell networks.
         | 
         | Sometimes just for fun, I had yt-dlp running on a G4 Mac Mini
         | so that I could rip content & convert it to something playable
         | on old ass computers when I tried living on a G4 mini for a few
         | months last year as an experiment. I've got friends in more
         | unfortunate circumstances surviving off of computers from the
         | 2000's that greatly appreciate anything people come up with to
         | keep their machines useable in a modern world.
        
         | 64805968473 wrote:
         | I use yt-dlp with mpv for watching videos. I can't watch videos
         | through my web browser _at all_ thanks to Google 's anti-
         | adblock measures.
         | 
         | There's no way to pay for Youtube Premium anonymously - and I'm
         | sure as hell not comfortable with providing Google ( _an
         | American company, mind you_ ) with any more information than
         | they already have on me.
        
         | mike_hearn wrote:
         | The use case Google care about is almost certainly LLM
         | companies scraping YouTube for model training. Such clients use
         | a lot of bandwidth, don't generate ad revenue, and mean Google
         | gets no benefit in AI from its ownership of that asset.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | I doubt that that's very high up on their list of priorities.
           | 
           | > Such clients use a lot of bandwidth
           | 
           | How many AI companies are there really? Realistically, we're
           | talking about a handful of additional downloads per video
           | here at most.
           | 
           | > don't generate ad revenue
           | 
           | That's the real problem: Youtube is in the business of
           | selling ads or Youtube Premium to humans. Anything that lets
           | humans bypass both is going to be at odds with their goals.
           | 
           | But impressions by LLMs aren't (yet?) useful to advertisers,
           | so it wouldn't make any difference either.
        
             | mike_hearn wrote:
             | A lot of videos on YT are never watched and scrapers can
             | run at high speed. At one point companies scraping web
             | search for SEO reasons consumed a whole datacenter's worth
             | of capacity, so scraping can be a surprisingly serious
             | business (I used to work there).
             | 
             | The tech they're using to steadily lock down Youtube isn't
             | new, so what's changed? The obvious answer would be AI.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | Hm, good point. I wasn't considering the long tail of
               | never-watched videos - if the median number of views is
               | very low it could still matter.
               | 
               | > The tech they're using to steadily lock down Youtube
               | isn't new, so what's changed?
               | 
               | Time has passed and DRM is more ubiquitous on the web
               | these days, and I suspect that the number of people using
               | ad blockers might also be rising, the more ads Youtube is
               | getting.
               | 
               | I don't doubt that AI might have some effect on it, but
               | I'd be surprised if that was the primary motivation.
        
         | nozzlegear wrote:
         | I use it to download short clips or meme videos and send them
         | to friends when they're blocked from embedding for whatever
         | reason. I do it often enough that I wrote a Fish function
         | (appropriately named `vine`) to make it as easy as `vine -n
         | filename (pbpaste)`.
         | 
         | https://github.com/nozzlegear/dotfiles/blob/master/fish-func...
        
         | dcchambers wrote:
         | I was recently scrolling through my "Favorites" playlist on
         | YouTube - which dates back to when I first created my account
         | nearly two decades ago. A surprising number of those videos are
         | no longer watchable on YouTube. These aren't even controversial
         | things - just random things that may have been copyright-
         | striked out of existence, pulled by the original uploader for
         | whatever reason, vanished when the uploader deleted their
         | account, pulled by a new owner of channel after some
         | merger/acquisition, etc. So one simple reason is to preserve
         | access to valuable video content.
        
         | aqrit wrote:
         | Limited internet connections (speed and/or data-caps).
         | Something like Hughesnet (satellite ISP) couldn't stream more
         | than 240p from youtube during peek times. The data-cap coerced
         | users to do downloads between 2am to 6am.
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | Right click + save doesn't work on Youtube. I have premium but
         | I can't download the MP4 files to play them offline, so I use
         | yt-dlp instead. youtube-dl also works of course.
         | 
         | I also use yt-dlp to download meme videos to share from other
         | social media. That way, people don't have to create accounts
         | everywhere to look at a silly 20 second clip.
        
         | ThinkingGuy wrote:
         | With an offline copy, I can watch a video on an airplane or
         | other environment where I don't have Internet access. I
         | consider it "time-shifting."
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_shifting
        
         | mikedelfino wrote:
         | Anecdote time. Years ago, I used to use yt-dlp to archive
         | videos I'd like to keep forever. I had a few terabytes of
         | videos, some of which didn't even exist on YouTube anymore.
         | Then, one day, my hard drive suddenly died. I lost everything.
         | Now I don't archive stuff anymore, and my life goes on just the
         | same. Sometimes, I do miss something I used to hoard, but I
         | just nurture the nostalgia and rely on my memory alone.
        
         | yig wrote:
         | I download videos I use for teaching. In future classes, I can
         | still provide students with the video even if it disappears
         | from YouTube. This happens from time to time.
        
         | ttepasse wrote:
         | If you have a reasonable backlog of video files on your
         | computer you realise how great the file system and a good file
         | manager is.
         | 
         | You can sort your video by name, by date, by other criteria,
         | all on the fly, build into your file manager. You can rename
         | them, surprisingly useful sometimes. You can put them into
         | folders, you can tag them, all according to your own weird
         | criteria. You can do operation on multiple videos, at the same
         | time. Power users can automate those things.
         | 
         | Youtube's subscription website has exact two options for videos
         | from your subscriptions: You can display them in a list and you
         | can display them in a grid.
        
         | gia_ferrari wrote:
         | I use it indirectly via Tube Archivist to get vastly better
         | search. I've mirrored most technical stuff I've seen, and I can
         | do fine-grained text search over video descriptions, audio
         | transcripts, and even comments. This happens live, in
         | milliseconds, and vastly outperforms Google's own search (which
         | is optimized on vibes). Very helpful when I want to quickly and
         | directly jump to a part that mentions a keyword.
         | 
         | I also use it to archive videos of personal significance.
         | 
         | Finally, I sometimes use resource-constrained computers (say,
         | in my shop). The native video players are much more responsive
         | than the official website.
        
       | jareds wrote:
       | I already massively reduced my time in the Youtube App by writing
       | some scripts using yt-dlp to download my subscriptions, convert
       | them to mp3 and host the podcast feeds inside my local network. I
       | guess when this eventually breaks I'll probably have to go
       | outside during my free time. It's still working for now so lets
       | hope it continues until spring.
        
         | SlackingOff123 wrote:
         | > using yt-dlp to download my subscriptions, convert them to
         | mp3 and host the podcast feeds inside my local network
         | 
         | Hey! I've just had the thought of doing this myself the other
         | day. Do you mind sharing what tools you're using, besides yt-
         | dlp? For example, what are you using to host and generate the
         | rss feed (if that's what you're doing)?
        
           | jareds wrote:
           | I use https://github.com/amsehili/genRSS to create the rss
           | feeds. I host them by running a Docker container that serves
           | the folder on my nas that contains the media and generated
           | xml files.
        
           | Minor49er wrote:
           | One tool you might like is MeTube. While it can't schedule
           | anything, I have it running it on a headless Beelink
           | computer. So if I want to grab a video or channel, I can open
           | a browser on any device, go to the server, and tell it to
           | fetch whatever I want. The download location is set to a NAS
           | so I can view the media with any device as well. It even
           | supports extended yt-dlp options, so you can even tell it to
           | use things like SponsorBlock. It's pretty great overall
           | 
           | https://github.com/alexta69/metube
        
       | boredhedgehog wrote:
       | There must be many content creators who don't want DRM forced
       | onto their videos, so I don't think it can ever be mandatory.
        
         | stego-tech wrote:
         | I'm sure YouTube's position is that the _videos_ aren 't
         | encrypted with DRM, but YouTube is merely encrypting the _video
         | stream_ from their service, which is therefore fine.
         | 
         | It's BS, but I would bet that's their legal position.
         | 
         | Best load up while you still can, I guess.
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | Just making it the default, or mandatory for monetization,
         | would unfortunately be enough to make it stick.
        
         | bjackman wrote:
         | There are many creators who don't want advertising but that
         | doesn't stop YouTube.
        
           | bitpush wrote:
           | Then upload it onto their own servers? Nobody is forcing
           | anyone to upload to YouTube?
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | They will be allowed to protest, as they always have been, by
         | taking their videos to some other distributor. That being said,
         | after Youtube puts DRM on every video, everybody else will
         | follow suit. Online video is a broken market that Google had
         | absolutely no luck breaking into, so they just bought the
         | winner.
         | 
         | Youtube will be as concerned about people leaving over this as
         | they would be if a segment of creators didn't want them to use
         | vp9 for any transcodes, or for their videos not to be viewable
         | through Chrome. They will apologize to the half-dozen people
         | that close their channels, and suggest that they try Rumble or
         | whatever.
        
         | moritonal wrote:
         | Those content creators could send the raw files to their
         | fans,along with all the functionality YouTube provides to get
         | those fans in the first place.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Does this break Chromium, the non-DRM open source version of
       | Chrome?
        
       | Seattle3503 wrote:
       | What is going to happen to Firefox users? The DRM supported by FF
       | is easily broken. Will YouTube drop support for Firefox?
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | The primary use of DRM is arguably to bring a system into legal
         | DMCA scope.
         | 
         | Among other things, that would very likely be the end of yt-dlp
         | being hosted on Github and maybe even being distributed via apt
         | repositories, pip, homebrew etc.
        
         | Clamchop wrote:
         | I think the odds of that happening are remote, but there is
         | prior art from other streaming services for only serving
         | reduced quality to clients that don't support DRM, or to
         | clients that they just don't seem to like.
        
         | OscarDC wrote:
         | Presumably this for now has only been seen for a specific tv
         | client API that yt-dlp use and not all youtube videos (well,
         | https://github.com/yuliskov/SmartTube/issues/4444 also saw it
         | for "members-only" videos but again not all videos).
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | Also I suppose you make a reference to software DRM like
         | Widevine L3 vs L1 (same thing for PlayReady SL2000 vs SL3000)
         | which is not exactly Firefox vs Chrome. Firefox has even be
         | known to work on the availability of hardware DRM on windows
         | right now, (through the Media Foundation API I think?).
         | 
         | In the worst scenarios seen right now for example seen on
         | services like Netflix, would be to only have lower qualities
         | (e.g. 480p max) on browsers with only Software DRM available
         | (like firefox) and encrypt better qualities with keys only
         | available when there is hardware DRM available. Though I'm not
         | sure YouTube would go that far for now? Netflix, Amazon and
         | such have contracts with right-holders stating those
         | protections as a requirement, but YouTube does not have (IMO
         | thankfully) the same kind of relation and contract with
         | "Youtubers".
         | 
         | I think that what YouTube wants to do for now is to greatly
         | lower the amount of people not watching contents through its
         | website/app (and thus not seeing ads). I would even think that
         | this is mostly not about yt-dlp users, but more the huge amount
         | of people relying on some Youtube-to-mp3 website or similar
         | accessible tools. Here enforcing software DRM would be enough
         | to at least temporarily break all those tools and force those
         | users to go back on the platform I guess, and maybe you can
         | also sue some tools' developers once there is an "encryption
         | breaking"-mechanism embedded in it (IANAL)?
        
       | jhbadger wrote:
       | Will this break things like Newpipe and Freetube?
        
         | iforgotpassword wrote:
         | In the long run most likely yes :(
         | 
         | The door is closing slowly. Great timing with the whole
         | manifest v3 switchover...
        
       | buyucu wrote:
       | How long until Youtube prevents people from watching videos
       | without logging in?
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | I dare them to do it! They won't!
        
         | walrus01 wrote:
         | They already do, go use the latest version of yt-dlp to
         | download like 20 videos from a channel without passing cookies,
         | and a very short time afterwards, everything at your IP address
         | will be blocked from watching any videos unless you sign in.
        
       | globular-toast wrote:
       | Is YouTube the biggest rug pull in history? They built their
       | monopoly by being a public, no bullshit video host. Nobody would
       | have uploaded anything to them if it was like this 15 years ago.
       | Not sure how many people can remember, but it would have been
       | laughable back then to make videos and have someone put ads in
       | the middle of them.
       | 
       | But now it's milking time. Eventually they'll push it too far and
       | they might start losing viewers, but not before a few people get
       | very rich. I feel like we're entering a dark period. YouTube
       | showed us what it could be like, but we need to organise
       | ourselves and host videos in a peer to peer fashion if we want to
       | get it back and keep it.
        
         | bitpush wrote:
         | > Eventually they'll push it too far and they might start
         | losing viewers
         | 
         | To what service? Video hosting is famously super-duper
         | expensive. And most creators are uploading for a monetary
         | benefit ($) and ads are part of that equation.
        
       | mdp2021 wrote:
       | Incidentally, YT just greeted here with a "Sign in to confirm you
       | are not a bot. We do this to protect our community"...
       | 
       | There are many ways to tighten a noose...
       | 
       | Too bad that some of us will never have an account (just like
       | some of us will not use any DRM system). We will have to find a
       | way to access the wealth indirectly.
        
       | cavisne wrote:
       | Is there an explainer on how this stuff works on platforms
       | without some sort of DRM hardware? Or does it not work.
        
       | Acrobatic_Road wrote:
       | On a related note, TubeArchivist just released v0.5, and is
       | officially not in a feature freeze.
        
       | liendolucas wrote:
       | We're where we are basically because people are happy with it.
       | They are happy not owning a movie, a record, a book. People don't
       | get it. They ones that we do are the minority. And is not that
       | I'm against streaming. Streaming is ok, but all providers should
       | offer the option to have at least a legit digital copy for a
       | reasonable price to own. And by own I mean to have a non DRM
       | protected file of any kind. A simple media file that can be truly
       | owned and reproduced wherever I want. I have absolutely no issues
       | at all paying to own something. Until then I will absolutely not
       | pay a damn penny to these fuckers.
        
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