[HN Gopher] Trees not profits: we're giving up our right to ever...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Trees not profits: we're giving up our right to ever sell Ecosia
       (2018)
        
       Author : erlend_sh
       Score  : 262 points
       Date   : 2025-03-10 07:42 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.ecosia.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.ecosia.org)
        
       | conaclos wrote:
       | Does anyone use Ecosia every day? How does it compare with
       | DuckDuckGo and Qwant?
        
         | rhodescolossus wrote:
         | They just use Bing and Google Search
         | https://ecosia.helpscoutdocs.com/article/579-search-results-...
        
         | mrweasel wrote:
         | Yes, I haven't used Qwant though. I'd say it's pretty equal to
         | DuckDuckGo, maybe a little better after they started mixing in
         | Google results. Generally speaking I do think that the Bing
         | powered search engines does much better than Google, but Ecosia
         | had a few specific searches where it's would fail me, that's
         | gone now.
        
         | mixedmath wrote:
         | I've been using it as my primary search engine for a couple of
         | months. It's not great as a search engine. I find their
         | locality of search to not be well-supported (e.g. the search
         | "food near me" works good in google and not great in ecosia).
         | 
         | Ecosia doesn't emphasize recent events, news, or posts in
         | search results as much as I'm used to --- but I haven't decided
         | if this is good or bad.
         | 
         | It's not so bad that I've changed. But I do sometimes use a
         | better search engine when I want better results.
        
         | johnisgood wrote:
         | I just checked Ecosia, seems to be less censored at a very
         | quick glance, at least in comparison to DDG and Google.
        
       | aswerty wrote:
       | I really like the idea of Ecosia and Steward Owned companies, but
       | as somebody who wants out of the Ad game completely, uses uBlock
       | Origin religiously and pays for services like email and search. I
       | haven't actually used Ecosia, but am interested in others
       | experiences with it. But I imagine in the HN crowd a lot of other
       | people fit the same profile as myself.
        
         | dmbche wrote:
         | You pay for search and email? What services do you use? May I
         | ask you why, if you're wanting to go into it?
        
           | dotcoma wrote:
           | I pay for Tuta (tuta.com) for email.
           | 
           | The only paid search engine I know is Kagi (kagi.com)
        
           | dwedge wrote:
           | I wish more people would self-host email. Email getting
           | centralised to a handful of providers is no good for anyone.
        
             | dwighttk wrote:
             | I stopped self hosting when my host got blacklisted and I
             | lost about a year of emails with my grandmother... I just
             | thought she was reading them but not having the energy to
             | respond but when I visited at Christmas I saw that all my
             | emails were in her spam box.
        
               | loufe wrote:
               | The unfortunate thing is that more than any other
               | service, email feels like the one on which I cannot risk
               | to compromise reliability. This sort of story (thank you
               | for sharing) unfortunately fits with my own experience
               | managing my University's undergraduate society's local
               | email server. Non-stop headaches and complete
               | indifference from every group which affects your setup.
        
               | Novosell wrote:
               | Same here about not wanting to compromise on email
               | reliability. I self host most things, run Linux, DDG,
               | custom rom without Google Play, etc etc.
               | 
               | But I've still got my @outlook.com email address.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I don't even routinely use my undergrad's email
               | forwarding address. It's probably better than it used to
               | be but, at one time, it definitely caused more stuff to
               | drop in the bit bucket than emailing directly. And I
               | assume, at this point, that my Gmail account isn't going
               | to go away.
        
           | stavros wrote:
           | Not the GP, but I pay for Fastmail because it's just so much
           | better than Gmail, and I pay for Kagi sometimes because it's
           | generally better than Google.
        
             | iregina wrote:
             | How is Fastmaol? Is it inconvenient to not use Gmail?
        
               | hyperbrainer wrote:
               | Not parent, but: The primary inconvenience I see with de-
               | googling is just the sheer number of things that become
               | just slightly harder. For one, Login with Google. Now, I
               | know people de-googling will probably want to have
               | separate accounts rather than SSO anyways, but it is an
               | important consideration. You also lose GDrive and the
               | GSuite in general, which alternatives exist, yes, but IMO
               | not as good. Also, most people who work online on GDocs
               | will now find it inconvenient to collaborate with you.
        
               | aswerty wrote:
               | All great points. I try to de-google mostly from a
               | personal perspective (though still haven't gotten off
               | Maps or Android). I use loads of Google products at work
               | though because I'm not the decision maker there.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I do use personal Google Workspace now--in part, because
               | I used to use it extensively at work. But even if I used
               | something else, people casually share GDocs with me from
               | time to time.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | No, the only difference I noticed was that it was faster.
               | I still use Maps and have my Google account, but I don't
               | use Gmail (or Google calendar). I made the transition
               | years ago and it was really painless for me.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | Transitioning from Gmail was painless? What approach did
               | you take? I think I would have hundreds, if not thousands
               | of services I would need to change email on.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | Oh, sorry, I have my own domain so I just changed my DNS,
               | imported my messages to Fastmail and that was it.
        
               | lentil_soup wrote:
               | I did it little by little, no need to rush it. Just start
               | changing some main ones and as you log in to the others
               | take the min it takes to change it.
               | 
               | On top of that I moved services to their own custom email
               | like <service-name>@<my-domain>.com. That way it's all
               | neatly sorted inside Fastmail in different folders (and I
               | know who is selling my data)
        
               | jacobgkau wrote:
               | My approach has been simply signing up for new services
               | on my non-Gmail addresses, and occasionally switching
               | important ones over. Nobody's making you delete your
               | Gmail account, so you can still keep it open for legacy
               | stuff as long as you need to (especially since it's
               | free).
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | I never found gmail particularly convenient. I still have
               | a google account with an @gmail.com address, because
               | Android basically doesn't work without that (you can make
               | a personal @whatever else address, but that doesn't work
               | with Android; you can also make a workspace @whatever
               | else address, but that requires payment or time travel,
               | and doesn't address the core issue).
               | 
               | The only inconvenient thing is people know how to spell
               | gmail.com and have to be told how to spell my personal
               | domain, but my preference is to use my personal domain
               | anyway, I've been using my personal domain for email
               | since before gmail launched; if I used gmail, I'd be
               | forwarding my mail to it, rather than using my gmail
               | address. Fastmail for mail just works, and I don't
               | remember if I had to turn conversations off, but I only
               | had to turn it off once (I detest the conversations
               | feature, but if you like it, I can't tell you if Fastmail
               | has a good one or not :P). Actually, the second
               | inconvenient thing is the Android app doesn't really do
               | offline content; I think gmail is better at that; I
               | griped about this for a long time, but now I just accept
               | it --- offline content is a good match for email, but it
               | doesn't bother me enough to do anything about it.
               | 
               | I do use my gmail address for something things where I
               | feel it's a good thing to "present as a normal person",
               | or where my email domain might be embarrassing (I have
               | some other email domains, but one of them is a .is, which
               | is even worse for getting people to spell). I used to use
               | my yahoo address for that, but I got tired of logging
               | into yahoo just for that, and google has successfully
               | tied me into their account system.
               | 
               | I do not use the Fastmail calendar. Android calendar is
               | convenient, and tied to google calendaring.
        
           | Toutouxc wrote:
           | In my case it's Kagi and Fastmail. Fastmail primarily because
           | I don't want to support Google and Kagi because it's
           | genuinely better than the alternatives.
        
             | heeton wrote:
             | Same here. Both products are actually better than the ad-
             | supported versions. Fastmail masked-addresses are great.
        
           | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
           | Fastmail and Kagi. The former is amazing - Gmail UX and speed
           | is atrocious in comparison, and the latter is amazing to find
           | reliable, to-the-point results.
        
           | robin_reala wrote:
           | Kagi and Soverin for me. I bailed from GMail after the AMP-
           | in-mail proposal,[1] and EU hosting was a bonus; ended up
           | blogging about my choice back in 2018.[2] If there was a good
           | EU equivalent to Kagi I'd be definitely interested.
           | 
           | [1] https://blog.google/products/g-suite/bringing-power-amp-
           | gmai...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.robinwhittleton.com/2018/02/18/dropping-g-
           | suite/
        
           | aswerty wrote:
           | Fastmail and Kagi. And I'm very happy with both.
        
           | iglio wrote:
           | Kagi and Proton here
        
           | nosioptar wrote:
           | I pay for purelymail after seeing others on HN say they like
           | it. It costs something absurd,like $0.8 per month, and I've
           | never had a problem with it.
        
         | herrherrmann wrote:
         | Not OP, but just checking in as a another happy Kagi + Fastmail
         | user here!
        
       | stakhanov wrote:
       | Does anybody happen to have a pointer to further research this
       | "Steward Owned company" legal structure? Since they're based in
       | Germany, I assume this is a translation of a German legal term of
       | sorts, but I couldn't find the original or anything that would
       | let me learn more about it.
        
         | onli wrote:
         | https://purpose-economy.org/en/companies/ gives an impression
         | if you click through to the company descriptions, they tend to
         | explain what is meant. Otherwise the term seems to be
         | understood in English, there is a wikipedia article that seems
         | correct to me. Or was that one missing the information you
         | seek?
        
           | stakhanov wrote:
           | Thanks for the pointer!
        
         | blankton wrote:
         | It sounds like a gGmbH, but the Imprint
         | (https://www.ecosia.org/imprint) still says Ecosia GmbH (->
         | For-Profit).
        
           | stakhanov wrote:
           | I looked up the bylaws just now (mostly because I'm
           | procrastinating). It looks like they have a gGmbH that owns
           | 99% of the shares (by number of shares), but founders retain
           | 99% of the voting rights. Founders' shares are barred from
           | receiving dividends, and the gGmbH has veto rights in
           | relation to any certain changes that would fundmentally alter
           | this ownership structure.
        
             | nbadg wrote:
             | Something I don't really understand, maybe you have
             | thoughts: is there a benefit to gGmbH over the company
             | being a wholly-owned subsidiary of a Stiftung?
        
               | stakhanov wrote:
               | They have a brief paragraph here [1] that indicates they
               | considered these and decided against it: "The team
               | considered several alternative ownership solutions to
               | address these questions, including converting the
               | business to a German non-profit and establishing a
               | foundation. Both of these solutions had constraints,
               | though, and neither offered the mixture of
               | entrepreneurial flexibility and structure security they
               | sought."
               | 
               | Stiftung (Foundation) generally work well if you have a
               | bunch of money and you basically have a fixed "algorithm"
               | that you want to execute around the money like: "Invest
               | it all into an index fund, and in any year in which the
               | fund returns a profit, pay out the profits to the family
               | members of person X in the same ratios that would apply
               | if those people came into X's inheritance". You then
               | appoint a bunch of lawyers to serve as the board of the
               | foundation. Because the "algorithm" is so precisely
               | defined, the set of circumstances where the lawyers do
               | their job wrong will be well-defined, and will constitute
               | a breach in their fiduciary duty. There's basically no
               | room for making entrepreneurial decisions along the way.
               | It's a bit like taking a pile of money, putting it on a
               | ship, putting the ship on autopilot, and giving up any
               | and all direct control of the ship. Depending on what
               | precisely that "algorithm" actually is, this might get
               | you tax advantages. Or it might create non-financial
               | positive outcomes you might be trying to achieve like
               | making sure that your progeny will continue to enjoy the
               | wealth you created for many generations to come while
               | limiting the probability that any one generation can
               | screw it all up for the later generations.
               | 
               | Social entrepreneurship is different from that: A social
               | entrepreneur wants the goodwill and favourable tax
               | treatment that comes from giving up their claim to
               | ownership of the money generated by the business (this is
               | what the gGmbH status does; it's a bit like 501(c)3 in
               | the U.S.) -- But they want to retain control over the
               | business. They want to make entrepreneurial decisions as
               | they go, changing strategies along the way in whatever
               | way they please, without restricting themselves too much
               | to the execution of any predefined programme.
               | 
               | [1] https://purpose-economy.org/en/companies/ecosia/
        
               | nbadg wrote:
               | For context, I live in Germany and am familiar with the
               | landscape here. Also, I would not equate a 501(c)3 to a
               | gGmbH; gGmbH is more like a B Corp (at least in some of
               | the states that allow it; corporate law differs from
               | state to state in the US). A gemeinnutzige Stiftung
               | (Foundation for public purpose) is much closer to a 501c3
               | than a gGmbH, and a Familienstiftung (Family foundation)
               | is closer to a family trust. (At least for tax purposes,
               | which is the territory I'm most familiar with in this
               | comparison).
               | 
               | But that's not what I'm asking about. Unlike in the US,
               | Stiftungs in Germany (both family and public-purpose) can
               | own an unrestricted percentage of shares -- including all
               | of them -- in normal companies (Kapitalgesellschaften).
               | And I'm specifically interested *not* in restructuring a
               | GmbH as a Stiftung, which is what Ecosia decided against,
               | but rather, I'm wondering if there are any resources
               | available discussing pros and cons of forming a Stiftung
               | as a holding entity, fully owning a GmbH subsidiary (such
               | a construct is not legally possible in the US).
               | 
               | From my perspective, this holding structure would provide
               | much better legal insulation (in both directions) from
               | the founders, preserve the operational flexibility of the
               | (operational) GmbH, while allowing distributions from the
               | GmbH (which would, by definition of being a 100%
               | stakeholder, flow exclusively into the Stiftung) to be
               | distributed by the (purely administrative) Stiftung,
               | according to the founding documents. But I've never seen
               | such an arrangement discussed in depth, which is why I'm
               | asking about it.
        
               | stakhanov wrote:
               | Okay, well it sounds like you're deeper in the rabbit
               | hole than I am, then. (I also live in Germany and have a
               | passing interest for the law, though I'm no lawyer).
               | 
               | Regarding your last paragraph, where you say that a
               | foundation provides better insulation from founder
               | control, it sounds to me like you answered your own
               | question: Retention of control vs. insulation from
               | control is precisely the distinction here.
               | 
               | Foundations are typically for people who don't have the
               | option of retaining control, even if they wanted to,
               | because they are typically close to death and in the
               | process of structuring an inheritance. Handing over
               | control to person X is something they see as a threat,
               | because they assume that X will screw it up, so they'd
               | rather make it so that no one can have control.
               | 
               | With social entrepreneurship like Ecosia, founders are
               | typically still young and somewhat idealistic. They want
               | to retain the control, because them being in control is
               | not something they see as a threat. Rather that's what
               | they see as the best possible mechanism for their
               | company/cause retaining its idealistic values. (Also,
               | they are looking for something meaningful to do with
               | their lives).
               | 
               | A cynic might notice that you're kind of looking at
               | regular narcissism vs. communal narcissism here.
               | 
               | If you wanted to structure your social entrepreneurship
               | type business as a foundation which owns 100% of the
               | shares in "your" for-profit corporation, that doesn't
               | work as a "have your cake and eat it too" solution,
               | because either that means that the trustees of the
               | foundation are actually your boss and you're just a
               | replaceable employee with replaceable employee wages or,
               | if you try to pull any shenanigans to make it so that
               | this is not the case, the trust loses its tax-free /
               | "community interest" status. Trying to game this system
               | is something that rich people are routinely trying to do.
               | I'm not saying that some don't get away with it, but the
               | authorities generally have a lot of tools at their
               | disposal to fight this sort of thing.
        
               | nbadg wrote:
               | Control is maybe the wrong word here. GmbHs are required
               | to have one or more natural persons as a Geschaftsfuhrer,
               | which would presumably just stay the founders, so they
               | would retain control of the GmbH. The holding Stiftung
               | would then impose the rules under which the GmbH would
               | issue dividends, and (presumably) also retain the ability
               | to fire the Geschaftsfuhrer:innen, if the Satzung der
               | Stiftung decided to. And of course the founders could
               | also put themselves on the board of the Stiftung for
               | added control. Interesting side note, this would probably
               | result in the founders being
               | Sozialversicherungspflichtig, but that's a whole
               | different can of worms. But the founding documents of the
               | Stiftung could perfectly well spell out exactly the
               | situations under which the founders could be removed as
               | Geschaftsfuhrer der GmbH.
               | 
               | What I mean by legal insulation is more that, in this
               | holding construct, the GmbH ceases to have any financial
               | relationship to the founders. Stiftungs are sort of...
               | headless financial pools governed strictly by their
               | founding documents, completely divorced from the people
               | that created them, and the GmbH would simply be an asset
               | in that financial pool. That means that, for example,
               | were someone to sue the founders, even for something
               | completely unrelated, there is no possible way that
               | shares in the GmbH could possibly end up someone else's
               | hands. Typically when we talk about the liability
               | limitations in corporations, we're talking about them in
               | terms of shielding the founders from the actions of the
               | company, but the inverse is in my opinion just as
               | important (if you're truly interested in forming a self-
               | governing social organization pursuing a social good).
               | I'm not sure if there's any examples of shares in a gGmbH
               | being assessed as assets in a civil case; that would be
               | another interesting question to inform the decision.
               | 
               | That being said, one of the reasons that I'm so
               | interested in the idea of a Stiftung holding, is that I
               | think it also opens up options for actual democracy
               | within the leadership of a company, which is a
               | fascinating idea. That isn't a requirement in a Stiftung
               | holding relationship, but I do think it's an interesting
               | possibility.
               | 
               | At any rate, I think probably the primary downside of
               | this idea is that, like I said, I've not seen any
               | examples of it discussed publicly. Which means you'd need
               | to be doing a lot of the legal legwork on your own --
               | which means lots of time spent talking to lawyers, which
               | would be really expensive. But I think there's some
               | really interesting possibility for innovation in terms of
               | corporate governance here, in a way that, like I said,
               | wouldn't be legally possible in the US, and it definitely
               | seems like the structure that gives the social purpose
               | the maximum possible protection.
        
               | stakhanov wrote:
               | I 100% agree with you that a Stiftung like that (possibly
               | with a for-profit company as a subsidiary) would be the
               | right structure if you wanted to maximize credibility
               | around your community-interest status.
               | 
               | This stuff actually gets a lot of attention from
               | lawmakers: For example, in the U.K. you have the "CIC"
               | (community interest company). Some 13 years ago, David
               | Cameron tried pretty hard to motivate enthusiasm for the
               | idea of a "third sector", something that's not government
               | and not for-profit. In the U.S. you also have the "L3C"
               | (low-profit limited liability company). In Germany, you
               | have the idea of "Verantwortungseigentum" which was on
               | the agenda for the previous government, though they then
               | didn't get around to it, and you had Sahra Wagenknecht
               | making it into a big talking point for her campaign.
               | 
               | But I don't think a lack of legal infrastructure is
               | really the limiting factor here: As you noticed, we do
               | have foundations (Stiftung) of various types, as well as
               | coops (Genossenschaft). In addition, regular partnerships
               | (like KG, OG) have recently been opened up so that their
               | bylaws can now prescribe a purpose that isn't for-profit.
               | A club (Verein) which in and of itself isn't for-profit,
               | can have a sort of dual identity because it can become
               | the proprietor of a sole proprietorship with a for-profit
               | purpose (at least I seem to recall reading that such a
               | thing is possible). Oh, and, of course, a corporation
               | can, in theory, own 100% of its own shares. I recall
               | reading about that, just please don't ask me where. You
               | can basically wipe out ownership that way, without being
               | subject to the stringent rules around foundations.
               | 
               | So, legal structures are as powerful and flexible as they
               | are underutilised: I think it's the psychological side
               | that explains why.
               | 
               | Usually, even if you have very good intentions, your best
               | bet initially is to start your entity as a for-profit.
               | Being able to operate cheaply and without cumbersome
               | decision-making structures beats lofty aspirations for
               | any business that just gets started. Not turning a profit
               | in a given year (and not paying taxes because you don't
               | turn a profit), is an option you always have. (There's no
               | special paperwork needed for that). In fact: Not having
               | any profit to worry about when it comes to your structure
               | is the likely outcome. Having a profit and trying to
               | decide how to make it so that your profits won't corrupt
               | you in your idealism is a problem you would quite like to
               | have! (Again: From the perspective of a founder who is
               | just getting started).
               | 
               | Then, the day comes where you turn a profit quite
               | regularly. And, at that point, once the flywheel has got
               | going, truly giving up control will be psychologically
               | difficult.
        
               | nbadg wrote:
               | Very much agree in terms of the best strategy being
               | simply to start a plain-jane Kapitalgesellschaft,
               | probably either UG or GmbH, and go from there.
               | 
               | It is indeed possible to have a so-called "kein-Mann
               | GmbH" where the company has bought back all of its
               | shares, though my understanding is that it's a bit of a
               | legal grey area, and certainly not settled law.
               | 
               | I agree that the legal infrastructure is almost certainly
               | there, at least in the sense that there are absolutely
               | plenty of lawyers and lawmakers that specialize in this
               | area. My point is simply that, because it's so much less
               | common, basically every situation ends up being unique,
               | which means that the work that the lawyers are doing is
               | almost always a one-off, which makes it really expensive.
               | And so it's just not worth the effort.
        
       | dwedge wrote:
       | I'm sure Ecosia are a good company, but headlines like this
       | always make me a little suspicious. Non profits make a lot of
       | money for their founders without it ever being "profit". Ecosia
       | are reporting just over 600K euros a month in wages, I'd love to
       | see the split and what % of that goes to the CEO.
       | 
       | You don't need to sell a business if you have plenty of income
       | from it every month - especially if now that can't be taken away
       | from you.
        
         | __alexs wrote:
         | Yes avoiding another Mozilla situation should be a high
         | priority for anyone interested in this area in future.
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | No, but it aligns with the interests of the consumers better if
         | you're actually targeting consumers (for the recurring revenue)
         | rather than burning cash to get as many users as you can lock
         | in, and then selling to someone who will milk them when they
         | have no option.
        
           | dwedge wrote:
           | That's true, but the product can still get worse chasing
           | revenue from those consumers.
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | Hm, I've seen this line of argumentation a lot, and I'd
             | like to name it as a fallacy. It's basically "perfect is
             | the enemy of the good", where one good action is dismissed
             | because it's still not perfect.
             | 
             | The product will get less bad for me when chasing revenue
             | from me than how bad it will get for me when it's chasing
             | revenue from someone who isn't me.
        
               | dwedge wrote:
               | > The product will get less bad for me when chasing
               | revenue from me than how bad it will get for me when it's
               | chasing revenue from someone who isn't me.
               | 
               | I'd like to name this as a fallacy - begging the
               | question. The product will be better chasing revenue from
               | you because it will be worse chasing revenue from someone
               | else.
               | 
               | Every company has the option of chasing extra revenue
               | from customers. This company has no other options.
               | Perhaps this makes them better as a company and want to
               | develop a better product so that people naturally want to
               | use it more. Or perhaps they, like so many companies
               | before them, try to see how much they can milk out of
               | their userbase before they lose it.
               | 
               | They also aren't immune to costs around them. If their
               | office rent goes up, or power for their servers costs
               | more, they have limited options. Reduce wages (unlikely),
               | do less good, or get more from users.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | > I'd like to name this as a fallacy - begging the
               | question. The product will be better chasing revenue from
               | you because it will be worse chasing revenue from someone
               | else.
               | 
               | I said the product will be better _for me_. I generally
               | believe that things are better for me when they 're
               | trying to entice me versus when they're trying to entice
               | someone who isn't me, but we can debate that, if you
               | want.
        
               | dwedge wrote:
               | I agree with you that it's usually true, I just don't
               | agree that it has to be true. When a company is well
               | funded and focusing on userbase, that's great. When they
               | need more money, it might not be. I know they are totally
               | different types of companies, but look at social networks
               | - when they are expanding they are good for everyone,
               | once they decide it's time to earn more money from their
               | exist users (focusing on the user) that's when it gets
               | worse.
               | 
               | In Ecosia's case it's different I think - without
               | accounts and nothing keeping you there, every customer
               | today is a customer that needs enticing again tomorrow.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | The problem with social networks is that they decide to
               | earn more money _from advertisers_ by selling the users.
               | I don 't know how a company can say "I'll only ever want
               | a specific kind of customer", but at least saying "I'll
               | never want to sell" is a step in that direction.
        
               | wesselbindt wrote:
               | I see it a lot too, and it's called the Nirvana fallacy
               | [1]. We shouldn't do anything about tax evasion because
               | people will evade taxes anyway (ignoring that you reduce
               | the total amount of tax evasion). We shouldn't ban drunk
               | driving because people will drive drunk anyway (ignoring
               | that you reduce the total number of drunk drivers). We
               | shouldn't trust non-profits, because they seek revenue
               | anyway (ignoring that it's much less severe for any non-
               | profit in comparison to a for-profit company).
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana_fallacy
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | Nice, thanks for the name! Your examples are also spot
               | on.
        
           | zbyforgotp wrote:
           | They can do the milking without selling - don't they?
        
           | HunOL wrote:
           | Yes, but opposite of "maximizing profits" does not
           | automatically imply targeting consumer or better product. In
           | this example they state that they interested in maximizing
           | amount of tree they plant. Cool, good for them, but it's not
           | something I'm interested in when using a search engine. After
           | one of Vivaldi's recent updates, I was asked to try Ecosia as
           | my default engine, and I did, but after a few days I went
           | back to Google.
        
         | MattGaiser wrote:
         | Even if the CEO makes a million a year, it is a pittance
         | compared to the potential equity value of a tech company.
        
         | motbus3 wrote:
         | I would love to see it too. Also relations with for profit
         | companies as well.
         | 
         | But how much a CEO of a company like this should make? It seems
         | quite lot of work and one needs to make a living. But how much
         | would be fair in your opinion?
         | 
         | I honestly have no idea
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | In the US, the CEO/executive director of a mid-size non-
           | public company would probably expect a few hundred $K/year.
           | Which isn't starvation wages, especially by European
           | standards, but is something a lot of individual contributors
           | in Silicon Valley would consider a relative pittance. And
           | toss in no equity.
        
             | sponaugle wrote:
             | That is a good estimate.
             | 
             | You can see US non profit compensation online -
             | https://datarepublican.com/nonprofit/assets/
             | 
             | Many of the presidents/vps make in that exact range (~$200
             | - $300k), although there are other like:
             | 
             | https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/36
             | 3...
             | 
             | Feeding America, which pays their CEO a tad under $1m.
        
         | fadesibert wrote:
         | I'm not sure how much that's creating outsized income for the
         | founder...
         | 
         | There are between 98 (2022 annual report number) and 120
         | (ZoomInfo) and 133 (LinkedIn number). German filings are
         | notoriously opaque vs Europe or UK.
         | 
         | So that's 637k EUR / 120 employees (although the payroll number
         | jumps around between 450 and ~640 - weird, but who knows, # of
         | employees shifting around or some paid quarterly or on
         | commission?).
         | 
         | That's around 5,300 EUR / month per employee, or 64k / year.
         | Germans notoriously don't work on the cheap - so unlikely that
         | everyone else is working below market to line the CEO's
         | pockets.
         | 
         | That said - they are still a profit seeking enterprise (another
         | commenter noted that they aren't gGMBH - but also they set up a
         | Feeder fund in January - https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/dat
         | a/1999332/000199933224...)
         | 
         | Which presumably CAN be profit seeking.
         | 
         | So yeah - it doesn't invalidate their mission - if you're into
         | that - but it's not 100% of what it says on the tin.
         | 
         | Also - monthly financial statements may be a German thing
         | (sorry, I actually quite like Germany and Germans - just German
         | company law is quite cumbersome) - but annual statements would
         | give a clearer and more transparent picture.
        
           | HenryBemis wrote:
           | > That's around 5,300 EUR / month per employee
           | 
           | If the salary is 4300 (instead of 5300) per employee for
           | those 120, that would give the CEO the extra 120x1000 per
           | month.
           | 
           | I am not implying the CEO does that, I am merely saying that
           | "non-profit" is a relevant term and unless
           | supervised/regulated can become a big earner for one/some/all
           | of the staff.
           | 
           | Unless they report all salaries (anonymised) and this would
           | be signed-off by an independent/external auditor (give 20k
           | per year to one of the Big4) we would be somehow certain that
           | there isn't a hockey-stick graph (with the CEO and his
           | wife/husband/son/etc/) getting 70% of the salaries for 3
           | people versus 30% of the salaries for the 117 people.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | In the US salaries for the top dogs at nonprofits is
             | reported.
             | 
             | Some trick this with "consulting fees" to companies
             | controlled by the top dogs, but it sat least something.
        
           | nkmnz wrote:
           | > the payroll number jumps around between 450 and ~640 -
           | weird, but who knows
           | 
           | Where did you get that data from? The difference might be due
           | to headcount vs. FTE and/or including vs. excluding
           | freelancers.
        
           | Galanwe wrote:
           | Not sure how fiscality works in Germany, but if similar as
           | France, then that would be 64k _super_ gross per employee per
           | year. So you would remove ~25% of that to get employee gross.
           | Meaning, more like 50k gross per year.
        
           | rendx wrote:
           | > German filings are notoriously opaque vs Europe or UK.
           | 
           | German company filings (for-profit and non-profit) are public
           | at the registry of commerce (Handelsregister) but not easy to
           | parse.
        
             | fweimer wrote:
             | And you can view many of them for free at
             | unternehmensregister.de.
        
               | rendx wrote:
               | You can read ALL of them for free at the source,
               | handelsregister.de - they stopped charging for access in
               | 2022.
        
               | fweimer wrote:
               | Huh, I didn't know that. But it seems incomplete, at
               | least for Baden-Wurttemberg. Not sure if that's a bug, an
               | outage, or if they didn't submit all the data. On
               | unternehmensregister.de, you can usually view lots and
               | lots of information, including annual reports (with
               | increasing detail, depending on company size).
               | 
               | As far as I understand it, on unternehmensregister.de,
               | you only have to pay for access to files (including
               | annual reports) of small companies that make use of the
               | SS 326 Abs. 2 HGB exception:
               | https://www.buzer.de/326_HGB.htm And maybe for formally
               | authenticated copies? Everything else should be free of
               | charge.
        
         | stakhanov wrote:
         | FWIW: They have provisions in their bylaws (which can only be
         | changed with the assent of their public interest asset-locked
         | shareholder) that restrict salaries to a level that's
         | commonplace in the industry specifically in Germany. In
         | Germany, software engineers and managers tend to make a lot
         | less than they do in the U.S., certainly not an amount of money
         | that's a meaningful tradeoff for giving up rights to dividends
         | and other distributions.
        
         | elric wrote:
         | Depending on where in the world you are, paying yourself a high
         | wage results in much higher taxes than paying profits in the
         | form of dividends. These taxes may benefit society at large,
         | which may well be in line with their goals.
        
           | antonkochubey wrote:
           | Oh but you can pay expenses to a "consulting company" that
           | your wife/brother/daughter/... owns which will keep their
           | profits and pay off dividents
        
             | Galanwe wrote:
             | Yes, you can, but that's not legal.
             | 
             | If you want to compare the merits of two systems, you have
             | to do it on legal grounds. If you allow cheating, then
             | nothing is comparable, everything is possible, no system is
             | better.
        
         | idiotsecant wrote:
         | I don't have any special information here, but I wanted to
         | mention that's it's just as exhausting when people approach
         | every single interaction assuming the worst possible intentions
         | as the reverse. It's OK to not be cynical once in a while.
        
           | notTooFarGone wrote:
           | Yeah seriously.
           | 
           | "Oh no the entire company has wages - let's assume it's
           | exploitation"
           | 
           | Is basic divisive language that just perpetuates the "world
           | is bad and there is no lesser evil" bs that drives current
           | news fatigue imo.
           | 
           | People are sure that 1 < 100000 but Google Vs ecosia is
           | somehow more muddy.
        
             | brookst wrote:
             | "They're trying to do better, which means they're claiming
             | to be perfect, but I am wise enough to know nobody's
             | perfect, so they're a bunch of liars who are no better than
             | all those other liars"
             | 
             | It does get fatiguing.
        
               | dwedge wrote:
               | That's a lot of projection in a forum where you're
               | supposed to assume the best of people you talk with. I
               | never presented that false dichotomy.
        
           | dwedge wrote:
           | You're right. I don't necessarily assume the worst from them
           | and I don't assume the worst in general, but it's difficult
           | to switch off from the fact that this article is marketing,
           | and it's marketing for a company that the author makes money
           | from.
           | 
           | Listening to cool ideas like this is nice, but a little
           | skepticism when sharing marketing is, I think, valid.
        
         | 52-6F-62 wrote:
         | If only there was this much scepticism around the manifestos of
         | Thiel, Andreesen, Yarvin and the like from within the tech
         | community.
         | 
         | Nah, the guys working to give people options and save trees.
         | THEY must be up to something
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | That's certainly a fair point, but currently even the
         | (non-)possibility of shareholder ownership and for-profit
         | takeovers seems to be on shaky ground with what OpenAI is
         | trying.
         | 
         | I think we should definitely ask for both (i.e. no executives
         | profiting from excessive salaries _and_ no future possibility
         | of any dividends in any form to any owners), but I 'd take at
         | least one instead of neither any day.
        
           | maltelandwehr wrote:
           | Both of these conditions are true for Ecosia. They have
           | bylaws that prevent excessive salaries.
           | 
           | In 2020, no one there made more than 100k as far as I know.
           | 
           | Source: I interviewed at Ecosia for an interim CPO role.
        
         | maltelandwehr wrote:
         | The CEO of Ecosia makes less than EUR 100k per year.
         | 
         | At least that was the case when I interviewed there for an
         | interim CPO role.
        
           | prisenco wrote:
           | I don't see a problem with a non-profit CEO (or any employee)
           | taking a large salary. Even if they do, the non-profit
           | structure still removes large shareholders, who are not
           | employees and can have an outsized influence without a
           | commitment to the project or an understanding of its
           | workings.
           | 
           | A successful non-profit that's also able to pay big, healthy
           | salaries should be celebrated.
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | > _headlines like this always make me a little suspicious. Non
         | profits make a lot of money for their founders without it ever
         | being "profit"_
         | 
         | or more to the point, profits are not "bad", they are a measure
         | of "good". profits mean you are providing something of value
         | that people want, that without you is otherwise scarce. your
         | profits attract competition/substitution, driving the price
         | down and the value up to consumers.
         | 
         | there are many sources of distortion to markets and eliminating
         | them increases the good that markets do, but profits are not
         | bad, just a measure of what is happening elsewhere in the
         | market or in adjacent markets.
        
           | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
           | Profits are not a measure of good. It's just as profitable to
           | mitigate a problem that you caused as it is to authentically
           | solve a problem for people. Profits are a measure of
           | efficacy, but there's no reason to expect that a profitable
           | endeavor isn't making things worse for everybody nearby.
        
           | jmcqk6 wrote:
           | Profits are bad when they exist due to unethical cost
           | cutting. Profits are bad when they artificially lower the
           | cost of the good by exporting the costs to other people.
           | 
           | If a clothing company is profitable because they use slave
           | labor, that is not good profit.
           | 
           | If an oil company is profitable because they do not address
           | the environmental impact they have, that is not good profit.
           | 
           | If an insurance company is profitable because they refuse
           | required treatments for their customers, that is not good
           | profit.
           | 
           | You have a very simplistic view of profit that is not based
           | in actual history. We have centuries of seeing this exact
           | thing happen over and over again. Just because something is
           | profitable does not make it good. Only someone obsessed with
           | theory while ignoring the practice could think otherwise.
        
             | nosefurhairdo wrote:
             | In other words, profits are bad when they necessitate some
             | threshold of negative externalities.
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | If a clothing company is profitable because they use slave
             | labor, _the use of slave labor_ is bad.
             | 
             | The profit is not the problem. It wouldn't be any better if
             | the company made no profit.
        
               | hamdouni wrote:
               | On the contrary, it will be an incentive to stop.
        
               | jmcqk6 wrote:
               | This is a distinction unworthy of merit. The slave labor
               | creates the profit. The only reason it exists is because
               | of the profit.
        
           | keybored wrote:
           | In the narrow sense it's good. It's an optimization function,
           | yes. With a wider lens it leads to problems that are just
           | lumped into the big pile of things called Externalities. One
           | of which is ecological collapse. Or just climate change if
           | that sounds too drastic.
           | 
           | Capitalism is the most advanced mode of profit-driven
           | systems. Where it inevitably leads to more and more
           | inequality. Why? In part because money becomes the most
           | fungible commodity. You can use it to buy everything (except
           | happiness?). In turn you can buy all regulation. You can buy
           | half of people's everyday time (labor). There's no breaks on
           | it.
           | 
           | So it continues until some outside force stops it. Becaue it
           | can't regulate itself (with what, money?).
        
           | mcmcmc wrote:
           | Actually economic profit is an indicator of market
           | inefficiency. Demand is what tells you that you're selling
           | something of value. Extended profits mean competition hasn't
           | caught up yet. It has nothing to do with good or bad. If
           | there is profit to be made in a market, firms will enter
           | until it reaches an equilibrium where profit is 0, then when
           | it becomes overcrowded and firms are losing money, they leave
           | the market. This is why anticompetitive business practices
           | are so successful at generating profits, and at the same time
           | are so horribly bad for the free market. In an efficient
           | market, profits converge towards zero.
        
         | gdubs wrote:
         | Nobody wants to see grift, but we should also normalize non-
         | profit employees and CEOs making a good living.
        
         | charlie0 wrote:
         | So your argument is that people who do good things must be poor
         | or else they actually aren't good people?
        
           | bmicraft wrote:
           | I'd say they mustn't be filthy rich. Otherwise "doing good"
           | clearly isn't the main priority.
        
         | odiroot wrote:
         | I'm proud to say that I have worked for Ecosia, though ages
         | ago. Christian, the CEO, is really one of the kindest and most
         | honest people I have worked with. Also 100% committed to the
         | cause, he walks the walk.
         | 
         | Yes I'm just some rando from the Internet, and things might
         | have changed since I've left, but I have my faith in that guy.
        
       | reify wrote:
       | I have and still use Ecosia Daily.
       | 
       | Its a search engine, the same as all the other search engines.
       | 
       | Ecosia delivers a combination of search results from Yahoo!,
       | Google, Bing and Wikipedia.
       | 
       | Advertisements are delivered by Yahoo! and Microsoft Advertising
       | as part of a revenue sharing agreement with the company.
       | 
       | Ad revenue is then used to plant trees
       | 
       | you cant complain about that
        
         | notTooFarGone wrote:
         | apparently you can - see this thread.
        
       | jasoncartwright wrote:
       | Ecosia have been going a while, and I don't want to be that guy
       | 'just asking questions', but...
       | 
       | Is there some sort of independent verification of the trees being
       | planted and their impact? I wonder if there is a study into the
       | effect of their interesting green reinvestment setup vs a
       | traditional for-profit businesses (Google is the obvious example)
       | and their environmental impacts.
        
         | modo_mario wrote:
         | Yeah, I've got similar worries since there has been plenty of
         | greenwashing that has happened with planting trees. I'd be sad
         | but also not surprised if some of those trees being planted are
         | sitka spruce wood plantations or so.
        
         | slevis wrote:
         | This is my main problem with Ecosia as well. I don't believe
         | planting trees is really a good option to help the climate and
         | I have zero trust in tracking progress of those projects in a
         | lot of countries. I would much rather them e.g. investing in
         | solar or sponsoring open source projects.
        
           | MrToadMan wrote:
           | It seems they are also diversifying their investments into
           | other climate impact projects like solar (see some of the
           | projects here: https://blog.ecosia.org/climate-projects/).
        
           | johnisgood wrote:
           | Since we are all doing it: I'd rather they support nuclear
           | energy.
        
       | goodpoint wrote:
       | > Shares can't be sold at a profit or owned by people outside of
       | the company. No profits can be taken out of the company.
       | 
       | It it a worker-owned coop then? If so, why not calling it that?
        
         | shafyy wrote:
         | No, that alone does not make it a worker-owned coop.
        
         | aswerty wrote:
         | The model they use is relatively well known:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steward-ownership
         | 
         | My personal experience with this model boils down to: you make
         | a company and a charity. Where the charity owns special share
         | categories in the company.
         | 
         | You can then have other share types for founders and investors.
         | These share types can essentially be bought out (e.g. an
         | investor share can be bought for 5x of it's initial value, say,
         | allowing for investment with a 5x cap). Essentially allowing
         | the charity to gain full shareholding at a certain point. But
         | there is no requirement to have these other share types - but
         | they are useful drivers to get the company off the ground.
         | 
         | Obviously this type of investment isn't something traditional
         | VCs care for; other more philanthropic oriented sources are
         | required.
        
       | jksflkjl3jk3 wrote:
       | Their website is confusing. So it's a non-profit for planting
       | trees.. that's also a search engine? How are those two things at
       | all related or have any benefit to being combined into one
       | company?
        
         | andy12_ wrote:
         | Because ad revenue can be used for the non-profit? Ecosia's
         | whole thing is that when you use it, you indirectly help plant
         | trees - "the search engine that plants trees".
        
           | jksflkjl3jk3 wrote:
           | Do they disclose what percentage of their revenue is donated?
           | 
           | If it's just a token amount, then I'd rather not support a
           | marketing gimmick and would prefer to just donate directly to
           | an organization focused on trees. If it's a significant
           | amount, then it seems unlikely that they'll be able to
           | compete with for-profit alternatives that can focus on
           | developing the best product.
        
             | MrToadMan wrote:
             | You can explore the amount paid out to projects by month,
             | region and partner projects in those regions here:
             | https://blog.ecosia.org/ecosia-financial-reports-tree-
             | planti...
        
             | scarfaceneo wrote:
             | You can donate to an organisation and use their search
             | engine.
        
             | cdblades wrote:
             | But are you donating to an organization to plant trees?
             | 
             | What has the lower barrier of entry: making a point to
             | donate your money, or switching your default search engine?
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | Definitely switching default search engines.
        
             | notTooFarGone wrote:
             | So by your definition it should not exist, but it does and
             | they donate non negligible amounts.
             | 
             | So where is your fault?
        
             | mrweasel wrote:
             | I really struggle to understand your confusion. How do you
             | think normal companies work?
             | 
             | Ecosia is profitable, they take some percentage of that
             | profit and use to plant trees. In a "normal" company that
             | money goes straight into the pockets of the company owners.
             | Profit is measured after investments into R&D, salary,
             | marketing everything that come with running a business.
             | 
             | Sure they could "just" spend more on developing their
             | product, but from what I can see they don't really need to,
             | it's already a good product. So rather than stuffing the
             | pockets of an owner or shareholders, they donate that
             | profit, or parts of it, to organisations that plants trees.
             | Most people wouldn't donate to a tree planting
             | organisation, but they will switch their search engine, if
             | it's good enough and even if that plant only 100 trees,
             | that's better than no trees.
             | 
             | I worked for a company that spends it's profit on helping
             | sick children. The owners make enough money. They donate
             | over EUR1.000.000 per year to a foundation, rather than
             | putting that money into the pocket of the owners. The
             | customers might not even know that they support that
             | foundation, but that also doesn't matter as long as they
             | get the products they want and the price they want. Your
             | suggestion is that the owners should pocket that cash, and
             | I should go donate to that foundation directly?
        
               | jefftk wrote:
               | _> In a  "normal" company that money goes straight into
               | the pockets of the company owners._
               | 
               | Only if the company returns money to its shareholders
               | (ex: pays a dividend or does a stock buyback). Many
               | growth-focused companies don't do this -- Amazon didn't
               | do it for its first 22y, Google for its first 17, Netflix
               | for 24, etc.
        
               | mrweasel wrote:
               | Ecosia isn't an stock based company (AG), it's a GmbH.
        
               | SahAssar wrote:
               | A gmbh is basically equivalent to a LLC (US) or a Ltd
               | (UK) from my understanding. A gmbh can still be stock
               | based.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | But GP raises a good point: Are these two things that benefit
           | from any kind of synergy in terms of skills required by the
           | employees working there, target audience etc.?
           | 
           | If not, it generally seems like a better idea to keep the two
           | concerns separate in two different non-profit organizations.
           | (I don't think it would be a problem for one non-profit to
           | donate funds to another, especially if doing so was
           | explicitly stated as its goal when it's incorporated.)
        
             | andy12_ wrote:
             | It seems they kind of do this already. [1] "We send out
             | payments to different partners each month to plant and
             | protect trees in biodiversity hotspots across the globe."
             | 
             | [1] https://blog.ecosia.org/ecosia-financial-reports-tree-
             | planti...
        
             | moooo99 wrote:
             | Ecosia themselves does not really plant trees. Instead they
             | pay out money to different projects all around the world.
             | 
             | They are very transparent about it. They list the amounts
             | paid, the partners, the tree species, etc.
             | 
             | They are also fairly efficient from what you can tell by
             | their reports.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | I didn't assume so, but they still do two things: Making
               | money, and picking a purpose of what to do with it (in
               | this case, planting trees).
               | 
               | As somewhat of a sympathizer of effective altruism (the
               | idea of efficiency being an important factor in
               | charities, not necessarily the implementation and even
               | less the community), this isn't super appealing to me.
        
               | tasuki wrote:
               | > Making money, and picking a purpose of what to do with
               | it
               | 
               | Who doesn't? Why else would one make money other than to
               | do something with it?
               | 
               | If they didn't make money, how would they support the
               | tree-planting?
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | Via direct, tax-deductible monetary donations.
               | 
               | This just seems like a donation with complicated extra
               | steps, in the same way that e.g. "rounding up to charity"
               | or even "round up savings" do not appeal to me at all.
               | 
               | That might well be an idiosyncratic preference, and to
               | some the idea of "planting trees via running web
               | searches" might appeal much more than a nonprofit search
               | engine that donates to a basket of charities, or one that
               | directly pays the user for showing them ads and lets them
               | decide what to do with the money and then the user
               | donating the proceeds themselves.
        
         | panstromek wrote:
         | yea, I could't figure out what's the idea either.
        
           | dwayne_dibley wrote:
           | Same, they really need a better landing page.
        
       | mapt wrote:
       | We have legal structures with which to make statements like this
       | about nonprofit status, structures which bind the promise so that
       | we don't have to take your word on it.
        
         | guhwhut wrote:
         | They've used those, this is a blog post for humans who care
         | more about the intent from the ceo rather than the specific
         | legal frameworks.
        
       | hoseja wrote:
       | Trees don't need planting.
       | 
       | Trees need a safe place to grow without saplings getting
       | destroyed.
       | 
       | But trees absolutely don't need planting. Besides, a healthy
       | forest has to go through pioneering stages first.
        
         | guhwhut wrote:
         | As a forest land owner, trees absolutely need planting. Then
         | they need to be protected from humans and deer and invasive
         | species and disease.
         | 
         | Many trees fail to grow. Most people would be astounded at how
         | many trees don't make it.
        
         | jgraham wrote:
         | I think there is a lot of truth in this, but presented in a way
         | that misses some nuance.
         | 
         | It's true that if your goal is to regenerate native forest,
         | which it generally[+] should be where that's an option, then
         | it's indeed true that you want to allow existing forest to
         | regenerate as naturally as possible. The problem in these cases
         | is either land use (land is used for forestry / agriculture /
         | etc. so there's nowhere for new trees to grow) or over-grazing
         | (either by livestock such as sheep or by high populations of
         | wild herbivores such as deer). In those cases you need to solve
         | the underlying problems rather than just counting the number of
         | saplings in the ground (in a heavily browsed area planting may
         | have the advantage that you tend to put in tree guards. Ideally
         | one could instead install appropriate fencing around the entire
         | area to reduce herbivore numbers below the problematic levels).
         | 
         | However you aren't always in that scenario. For example if
         | you're in a landscape with few seed sources then natural
         | regeneration might take an implausibly long time. An extreme
         | example of that would be "regreen the desert" type projects
         | where you need to bootstrap the conditions for tree growth by
         | putting in a lot of trees in a short space of time, although
         | those have a high failure rate. You might also be worried that
         | natural regeneration is too slow in the face of changing
         | climatic conditions, and want to plant trees right for the
         | anticipated climate 100 years hence (although that itself is
         | likely to be controversial).
         | 
         | And of course frequently in the real world tree-planting
         | projects have goals totally unrelated to climate change e.g.
         | just forestry, and as such one shouldn't expect those things to
         | be especially good for the climate, or at all good for
         | biodiversity.
         | 
         | Anyway, I like the idea of companies dedicating part of their
         | revenue to tackling severe global problems like climate change.
         | But I tend to agree that Ecosia's continued focus on tree
         | planting as their headline activity makes them look a bit naive
         | to the audience that is likely to be most receptive to changing
         | products specifically for environmental reasons. Hopefully some
         | of the other project types they're moving into look better in
         | the details than just tree planting.
         | 
         | [+] But not always of course. Converting peat bog to woodland,
         | for example, is going to reduce its effectiveness as a carbon
         | store, and likely reduce biodiversity as well.
        
         | johnisgood wrote:
         | I am pretty sure "planting trees" is just an oversimplification
         | and goes beyond just planting if they are actually "helping
         | trees".
        
       | lxgr wrote:
       | > [...] my two promises by turning Ecosia into a so-called
       | "steward-owned company". This model imposes two legally binding
       | and irreversible restrictions on us:
       | 
       | I really hope that we'll get a legal precedent for this actually
       | being possible and durable in at least some countries, because
       | that was the promise of OpenAI at some point as well.
       | 
       | (That's not to say I have reason to suspect anything bad of the
       | current or any potential future stewards of Ecosia, but I'll
       | prefer a hard legal guarantee over a promise any time, especially
       | when charitable donations are involved.)
        
         | mminer237 wrote:
         | OpenAI is legally bound to its non-profit goals, but the
         | problem is that any law requires enforcement. If OpenAI acts
         | against that public interest, is the Delaware attorney general
         | really going to know and be able to prosecute the case?
         | 
         | I think what's arguably more important than theoretical legal
         | rights is actually having stewards that care about the public
         | benefit rather than leaving someone who would really love to
         | funnel everything to his pocketbook if he could in charge and
         | trusting him to respect the law.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | Definitely; by "hard legal guarantee" I mean the entire
           | thing, i.e. both a law and it being enforced/upheld.
           | (Conversely, it doesn't even need to necessarily be a law,
           | but I'm afraid a strong social norm is even further out of
           | reach at the moment.)
        
         | DannyBee wrote:
         | "I really hope that we'll get a legal precedent for this
         | actually being possible and durable in at least some countries,
         | because that was the promise of OpenAI at some point as well."
         | 
         | Lawyer here - it is basically impossible to do what they (and
         | others) want.
         | 
         | There are few (if any?) countries, where either provision would
         | survive bankruptcy, for example.
         | 
         | They could always choose to dissolve rather than restructure,
         | but if they did choose to restructure, i'm not aware of a
         | country where the restrictions here would be enforced on the
         | successor.
         | 
         | On top of this, in most (all?) countries, agreements not to
         | file for bankruptcy are not enforceable ;)
         | 
         | So that's one mechanism.
         | 
         | In most countries, however, these provisions would be "easily"
         | removable through shareholder + officer vote.
         | 
         | Some companies go pretty far down the path of trying to use
         | trusts as shareholders and requirements on trustees and such to
         | try to ensure such a thing never occurs.
         | 
         | You can also do hilarious (to me) things like create enough
         | shareholders (let's say 7 billion), make shares non-
         | transferrable, etc, so that even though theoretically it
         | requires a vote, such a vote is practically impossible.
         | 
         | I also had a friend who explored whether you could legally
         | require the place of voting to be like "the surface of the sun"
         | or something that ensures voting can't occur, but
         | unfortunately, you usually can't.
         | 
         | Companies really aren't meant for this kind of thing - not that
         | there is something better, but what tehy are trying to do is
         | pretty fundamentally opposed to how countries want companies to
         | operate.
         | 
         | If it's really a big enough deal, the "correct" answer is to
         | create a new corporate form, much like we created LLC's, etc
         | (LLC's are less than 100 years old, so it's not impossible)
        
           | vessenes wrote:
           | It seems to me you could create non revocable trust that gets
           | most of this done, with specific instructions to the
           | trustees. That trust would own 100% of the company, and could
           | issue voting and economic rights akin to shares, with the
           | proviso that the trustee cannot implement a sale.
           | 
           | That said, creditors could still force the sub into
           | bankruptcy in most countries; even then I think the trustee
           | could be instructed to always choose a restructuring rather
           | than a windup if possible. You'd probably put that trust
           | somewhere with UK Trust law.
        
       | deadbabe wrote:
       | But what if there was a way to make a profit planting trees?
       | Wouldn't this accelerate the rate of trees?
        
       | roughly wrote:
       | There's a thing we tend to do as engineers where we hear a thing
       | and then start thinking through the implications and design,
       | which is normal, but also we seem to assume we're the only ones
       | who've ever thought about it, and therefore our concerns must be
       | unaddressed, and we're brilliant, so clearly nobody's ever
       | thought of them before, so we've gotta share them. If you'd like
       | to see this behavior in action, this is the thread for you.
        
         | Blackthorn wrote:
         | That sort of arrogance is absolutely out of control in the tech
         | industry and it's bizarre because I've never seen it at the
         | remotely same level anywhere else.
        
           | roughly wrote:
           | It's also why our cars keep running people over and our
           | websites keep overturning democracies
        
           | yifanl wrote:
           | The proliferation of Hanlon's Razor has been one of the most
           | damaging things to society.
           | 
           | People as a whole are not incompetent, every individual (and
           | every grouping of individuals) have goals and will take
           | appropriate actions to achieve them with intent, but somehow
           | a neologism has tricked people into believing this is the
           | exception and not the norm.
        
             | tehjoker wrote:
             | It's because most of the time people see mostly powerless
             | people trying to do their jobs and messing up. They don't
             | have as much of a frame of reference for how powerful
             | people act, especially because there is so much
             | mystification in the media (literally owned by the said
             | powerful people). The rule you apply to your friends and
             | co-workers isn't suitable for the maniacal supervillians
             | running society. Of course, those guys also fuck up in
             | bizzare and stupid ways too, so people will point that out
             | and be like look, they're just bad at their evil jobs!
        
           | steve_adams_86 wrote:
           | It can make it difficult to work in the industry because you
           | find yourself surrounded with expert beginners who (generally
           | privately) think they're geniuses.
           | 
           | I love working with people who aren't afraid to solve
           | problems, but are also firmly in the camp of recognizing how
           | clueless we usually are. We shouldn't be terrified of
           | failure, anxious about what we don't know, etc. But man, some
           | humility goes a long way.
           | 
           | The alternative leads to terrible software, team dynamics,
           | work-life balance, etc.
        
             | johnisgood wrote:
             | I only feel like a genius after I solved a hard problem[1].
             | 
             | https://programmerhumor.io/programming-memes/the-two-
             | stages-...
             | 
             | [1] Otherwise I have a serious impostor syndrome.
        
           | DiggyJohnson wrote:
           | law and medicine communities definitely have similar
           | qualities in this way imo
        
             | LiquidSky wrote:
             | In a different way. There's the old joke and doctors and
             | God, and you will certainly find attorneys who are full of
             | themselves. But while I've never met an attorney who
             | thought they were an engineer simply because they were
             | excellent lawyer, I've encountered plenty of engineers who
             | believe themselves to be masters of the law (including here
             | on Hacker News), having logically deduced it from first
             | principles with their superior intellect.
        
           | pyrale wrote:
           | > I've never seen it at the remotely same level anywhere
           | else.
           | 
           | To be fair to the other ones trying, we've set a fairly high
           | bar recently, with "Let me show you how to run the world's
           | first superpower".
        
         | keybored wrote:
         | Skepticism should be the default stance when consuming press
         | releases.
         | 
         | In fact it's better to be arrogant than to be "neutral"
         | (agnostic) towards a press release.
        
         | ryanjshaw wrote:
         | Whenever I catch myself doing this, I try to reframe my
         | concerns from statements (e.g. "the wording here doesn't
         | exclude XYZ scenario...") into questions (e.g. "does anybody
         | know if XYZ is possible with this wording?").
         | 
         | Then what happens is I realize I can go answer that question
         | myself by doing some research, and either I discover my
         | original concern is unwarranted OR I can now state "well they
         | said this but if you look here it's actually XYZ in fact!",
         | which is much more interesting.
        
         | DannyBee wrote:
         | Yeah, there is just too much here - i started down the path of
         | trying to explain some of the legal issues and problems, and
         | how people often think and deal with them (with pointers to
         | some of the more interesting attempts, etc), since as you say,
         | this is a thing that's been thought about, by many people, many
         | times, but i feel like i'd end up writing 50 comments and so
         | gave up.
        
         | stephantul wrote:
         | As someone who works at Ecosia, thank you for this. I'm used to
         | people being skeptical about Ecosia's business model. But this
         | is something else.
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | I really wish you would say outright what you're referring to,
         | because to me right now your comment comes off as a bit of
         | cryptic snark. Perhaps there were some comments along the lines
         | you mean earlier, but scanning through the top 6 or 7 comments
         | now, none of them appear to display the kind of arrogance you
         | are implying.
        
         | hatthew wrote:
         | It's not that we think we're the only one who thought about
         | some implication, it's that that implication seems important
         | and nobody has explicitly mentioned it yet, and maybe other
         | people who have also though about this implication are trying
         | to hide it because it's inconvenient.
        
       | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
       | Rather than make promises of dubious enforceability, why not just
       | share the index as a public resource.
        
         | nobodywasishere wrote:
         | What index? Their results are sourced from Google and Bing
        
       | perrygeo wrote:
       | Given how bad Google search has gotten recently, I'd give this a
       | try even without the trees. If they can provide a decent search
       | experience _and_ reduce CO2, even better.
        
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