[HN Gopher] Discovering errors in Donald Knuth's TAOCP
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       Discovering errors in Donald Knuth's TAOCP
        
       Author : glth
       Score  : 192 points
       Date   : 2025-03-08 16:27 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (glthr.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (glthr.com)
        
       | WillAdams wrote:
       | Nice! When I reported an error and a point of improvement in
       | _Digital Typography_ the address was printed and glued on, not
       | hand-written, which somewhat detracts from the display of the
       | check/envelope.
       | 
       | Need to find another error so I can get an account....
        
         | dmoy wrote:
         | This makes me feel less bad about also not being able to figure
         | out my printer's address printing function.
         | 
         | Like I know it is capable. I know how to set up the hand feed
         | for it (and I successfully do that for thicker paper). And
         | ostensibly I know the right dimensions and how to line it up in
         | a PDF. But then it's just failure after failure, and I go back
         | to cut and paste or handwrite.
        
           | WillAdams wrote:
           | Really miss poste.app on my NeXT Cube, which was a small
           | app/service which did nothing but print a selected address
           | onto a hand-fed envelope.
        
       | nwellnhof wrote:
       | The inventor of the bug bounty.
        
       | jgrahamc wrote:
       | I have a Knuth cheque from back when he sent out real cheques. Or
       | at least I did; for some reason I decided that cashing it was a
       | good idea and so I have his note back to me and a photocopy of
       | the actual cheque.
        
         | belter wrote:
         | What error did you find?
        
         | secondcoming wrote:
         | Aren't the cheques for $2.56?
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Why am I just now having this thought?
           | 
           | He should make them $5.12 so it's a check for 1,000,000,000
           | cents, instead of 100,000,000.
        
             | rdlw wrote:
             | They're hexadecimal; 100 cents in a dollar.
        
         | cinntaile wrote:
         | lol I'm a bit curious about the thought process that led you to
         | decide you wanted to cash it.
        
         | tkhattra wrote:
         | I have one for $7.68 ($2.56*3). Alas, it was for some minor
         | typos and grammatical errors in SPOCS [1], not "real" math
         | errors in TAOCP. Never plan on cashing it in though. And I
         | can't remember where I stashed it, so there's that too... :)
         | 
         | [1] https://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/cs.html
        
       | zabzonk wrote:
       | A long while back I wrote an answer on Stack Overflow to a
       | question that asked "How to read TAOCP?" my answer looked
       | something like this:
       | 
       | - don't read them
       | 
       | - get all the books, put them in a bin bag and shake vigorously
       | with some lumps of coal, to give them that "used" look
       | 
       | - go through the books, underline things at random and make notes
       | (also at random) in the margin such as "how true", or even better
       | "wrong!"
       | 
       | - put books on shelf in office - never look at them again
       | 
       | This has worked for me, though I must admit that Searching &
       | Sorting and stuff about random numbers are pretty good.
       | 
       | I got my copies free from Addison Wesley for doing some book
       | reviews for them - not reviewing Knuth, needless to say!
        
         | WillAdams wrote:
         | I have worked with two programmers who had well-thumbed copies
         | of TAoCP on their shelves which each had actually read (one was
         | the only other person I've met outside of a TeX conference who
         | had a reward check) --- to this day, I've not worked with
         | better devs.
        
           | dhosek wrote:
           | Ah nothing like a DEK post to pull out the old TeX folks on
           | HN.
        
         | wglb wrote:
         | When I bought the first volume in about 1969, I vowed to read
         | that one, and then each one that followed.
         | 
         | However, that is yet to come to pass.
         | 
         | However, when we at Mark Williams Company writing the floating
         | point routines for the C compiler
         | (https://winworldpc.com/product/mark-williams-letsc/3x), we
         | were heavily reading Chapter 4, particularly on long division.
         | 
         | Also did spend some time in the Random Number generation
         | chapter.
         | 
         | An interesting difference between my 1965 version and the ones
         | published today is that long multi-page foldout in Sorting and
         | Searching showing tape-based merge sort is no longer part of
         | the book.
        
           | kragen wrote:
           | Hey, I have a question about the Mark Williams Company. I
           | understand it was founded by Aaron Swartz's father. Did he
           | work on the programming? Did Aaron spend time around the
           | office? I'm curious how Aaron first got involved in
           | programming, which I think was probably long after the
           | company.
        
             | wglb wrote:
             | Aaron was very young during the Mark Williams years. I
             | worked there for six years. I don't think he visited the
             | office during its heyday. So yes long after MWC.
        
           | nyrikki wrote:
           | I was gifted the new set this last Christmas after losing my
           | old versions in a fire, the fold out pages are there in the
           | latest release.
           | 
           | Edited to add: Amazon often has fake or at least printed with
           | lower quality/cost versions. It was hard to find a real copy
           | of his concrete math book when I was searching. The 'i18n'
           | edition is printed on the cheapest of cheap paper for that
           | book. I suspect that is related. But the fan-out pages are in
           | the sorting volume.
           | 
           | #2 Vol 3 is on the second edition, with the tape merge fanout
           | between pages 338 and 339. So it would be a particular
           | printing that didn't have it.
        
         | polytely wrote:
         | I just bought the whole set and just did chapter one, will
         | probably not keep up with doing all the assignments but I
         | indend to at least skim them and get a rough feel to where I
         | can find stuff if I ever need it.
        
       | nickdrozd wrote:
       | Great post. Some general takeaways for people who want Knuth
       | checks:
       | 
       | 1. You are unlikely to find errors in the algorithms themselves,
       | especially if they've been officially published. You might find
       | some infelicities, but these are not counted as full errors. For
       | example, the author here found some confusing-but-not-wrong
       | comments about local variables and unused registers. These are
       | counted as "suggestions" (worth 0x20C/) rather than "errors"
       | (worth 0x$1.00).
       | 
       | 2. Knuth is pretty generous with credit -- if your suggestion
       | leads him to find an error, you get credit for the error. The
       | author here said that some defined variables went unused. Knuth
       | pointed out that those variables were in fact used in an
       | exercise. However, in looking this up he noticed a variable-
       | related error in that exercise. Author is credited with 0x$1.00!
       | 
       | 3. Exercises are more likely to contain errors and infelicities
       | than the main text. And there are an awful lot of exercises.
       | 
       | 4. Knuth includes a whole bunch of stuff in his books that is not
       | related to CS. Lots of weird trivia and references. This stuff is
       | more likely to be wrong than the main text. For example, Knuth
       | mentions "icosahedral objects inscribed with Greek letters" and
       | includes a reference to an article in the _Bulletin de l'Institut
       | francais du Caire_. But the author points out that the article is
       | actually in the _Bulletin de l'Institut francais d'archeologie
       | orientale_. Whoops! 0x$1.00 for you!
        
         | Tomte wrote:
         | Don't make assumptions about what parts must have been combed
         | through so much that there is no chance of finding annerror.
         | 
         | I found one and got my cheque on page Arabic one in one of his
         | books. Paragraph one. First sentence. The very first word.
        
           | eigenvalue wrote:
           | Was it the word "the" instead of "a"? Trying to think what
           | else it could even be.
        
             | svat wrote:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33083384
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | It's amusing that the same two commenters have
               | essentially the same two comments side-by-side in both
               | threads, years apart.
        
             | ccppurcell wrote:
             | For the lazy, the word is: "infinitely"
        
         | dalke wrote:
         | I found an error in a published version of TAOCP, 2nd edition I
         | think, with improvements on Sieve of Eratosthenes. I was so
         | excited, then found it was already listed in the errata.
         | 
         | I later got a check for identifying a minor issue with the
         | early history of superimposed coding. I happen to have copies
         | of the relevant patent case containing examples predating
         | Mooers' _randomized_ superimposed coding.
         | 
         | ("Happened to" because I had visited the Mooers archive at the
         | Charles Babbage Institute in Minnesota to research some of the
         | early history of chemical information management. Mooers is one
         | of the "fathers" of information retrieval, and in fact coined
         | the term "information retrieval" at a chemistry conference.)
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Knuth has the Pablo Picasso's Dinner Bill "Problem" and so can
         | afford to be generous.
         | 
         | Picasso used to dine and dash as it were by drawing a doodle on
         | the back of his check when the bill came due, and often enough
         | the owner would choose to frame the check instead of cash it.
         | 
         | For a long time most of the cost of writing checks to Knuth is
         | the writing of the checks, not the cashing of them. He's paying
         | for X00 checks at a time and the energy to fill them out. And
         | anyone who had gotten their first check from him would not cash
         | it.
         | 
         | Though these days I can cash a check via a phone app and so I
         | don't need to forfeit the check to get the money.
        
           | fastasucan wrote:
           | >Though these days I can cash a check via a phone app and so
           | I don't need to forfeit the check to get the money.
           | 
           | Its incredible that both of these technologies is in active
           | use at the same time.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | They're not "real" checks anymore (unless you insist) because
           | of check fraud issues. Bank of San Serif isn't a real bank.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | My bank knows where I live and if I start cashing fake
             | checks they know where to send the FBI.
             | 
             | Even in the old paper days banks where a little hesitant to
             | let me come into your bank with a check from you and cash
             | it without me also being a customer of that same bank. In
             | theory you could do it, but sometimes if you tried you got
             | the runaround.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | You can still wreak havoc with the account and routing
               | numbers if you want to - it gets reversed when noticed
               | which is why people still do it - sometimes it's not
               | noticed.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | > ... includes a reference to an article in the _Bulletin de
         | l'Institut francais du Caire_. But the author points out that
         | the article is actually in the _Bulletin de l'Institut francais
         | d'archeologie orientale_. Whoops! 0x$1.00 for you!
         | 
         | I do wonder whether this is more likely to be a case where the
         | journal actually changed its name over time (perhaps because
         | the _Institut_ itself did) and then made the older papers
         | available under the new name - which would mean both references
         | are ultimately correct.
        
           | skissane wrote:
           | I don't think so. The article links to an image of the 1930
           | journal article -
           | https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53180372w - it doesn't
           | look like it has been republished, it looks like something
           | close to the original publication
           | 
           | I don't completely know what is going on here, but I guess it
           | is something like this: the institute has since 1898
           | officially been called _Institut francais d 'archeologie
           | orientale_, and its journal has always officially been called
           | _Bulletin de l 'Institut francais d'archeologie orientale_.
           | However, historically, people would sometimes add _du Caire_
           | ( _in Cairo_ ) to the institute's name (to specify its
           | location) - this habit was supported by the history that,
           | prior to 1898, the institute (or its predecessor) was called
           | _Ecole francaise du Caire_ (French School of Cairo) - and
           | then unofficially abbreviate it from _Institut francais d
           | 'archeologie orientale du Caire_ to _Institut francais d
           | 'archeologie du Caire_ or even _Institut francais du Caire_.
           | And since the journal is named for the institution, once
           | people got in the habit of unofficially abbreviating the name
           | of the institution, they applied the same habit to the
           | journal.
           | 
           | So _Bulletin de l'Institut francais d'archeologie orientale_
           | has always been the official name of the journal, but
           | _Bulletin de l'Institut francais du Caire_ is a historical
           | unofficial alternative name.
           | 
           | As I said, I'm just speculating, I don't really know. But
           | this seems more plausible to me than the journal or institute
           | changing its name, because I can't find any evidence of any
           | name change since 1898, which was long before the publication
           | of the 1930 article.
        
       | gblargg wrote:
       | Does the bank really read the amounts as hexadecimal?
        
         | jks wrote:
         | He used to send out real cheques for $2.56 but apparently they
         | contained codes that could be used to transfer money out of his
         | account in excess of the sum of the cheque. Now he uses the
         | made-up Bank of San Serriffe, which naturally understands
         | hexadecimal.
         | 
         | https://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/news08.html
        
           | pests wrote:
           | Routing and account numbers at the bottom of a check are
           | semi-private and nefarious actors can abuse them. See the
           | movie/book Catch Me If You Can about Frank Abigail.
        
             | ozzmotik wrote:
             | that's Abagnale, I believe.
        
       | jll29 wrote:
       | I've emailed DEK to point out that the first person to break
       | Enigma was not actually Alan M. Turing (as stated in one of the
       | recent pre-fascicles) but the Polish mathematician Marian
       | Rejewski (Turing's contribution was to automate the task, which
       | was important because the rotors/settings were reconfigured by
       | the German Wehrmacht every morning).
       | 
       | Bletchley Park now has a prominent bust of Rejewski that credits
       | his accomplishment. The Polish wisely passed on their knowledge
       | to the British to keep the intel safe, because they expected a
       | German invasion.
       | 
       | On another note, I hope Professor Knuth has a continuity plan in
       | place that ensures that his book series gets completed despite
       | his advanced age (I'm worried about that, but tact prohibited me
       | from asking, of course).
        
         | WillAdams wrote:
         | Given his quite healthy lifestyle, I believe that we should be
         | okay on that latter front --- I certainly hope so.
        
           | irrational wrote:
           | It's not his lifestyle I'm worried about. There was a healthy
           | youtuber who made videos about wilderness survival who was
           | killed when he was rear ended by a drunk driver while stopped
           | at a red light (the drunk driver, of course, survived). It's
           | all the morons around Knuth I'm worried about.
        
             | ks2048 wrote:
             | I hate to be morbid and I wish him a long life, but at age
             | 87, I don't think drunk drivers are his biggest risk.
        
         | rgmerk wrote:
         | The book series will never be completed, and wouldn't be if
         | Knuth lives to 120.
         | 
         | And that's perfectly fine.
        
       | mmooss wrote:
       | OT: Will Knuth's lifetime of work be used for learning input in
       | AI systems, and does he control that?
       | 
       | An AI application might make a good search interface for Knuth's
       | opus.
        
         | lysace wrote:
         | The key players have likely all ingested Anna's Archive.
        
           | mmooss wrote:
           | Based on what you say, I presume that Anna's Archive includes
           | Knuth. For certain purposes, would you want AI software
           | trained only on Knuth or have it 'diluted' with everything
           | else?
        
       | ForOldHack wrote:
       | TOACP The Art of Computer Programming, Volumes 1~4c
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programmin...
       | 
       | Kudos to everyone who found bugs, and got the bounty. Congrats to
       | everyone who used these to get their PhD-CS
        
         | geophile wrote:
         | I first read parts of vol 1 in 1975, in my undergrad data
         | structure and algorithm class. And then again in 1980 for my
         | PhD comprehensive exams. That book is highly used. I found a
         | pristine copy a few years in a pile of books on the sidewalk,
         | thanks to someone moving.
         | 
         | They put out a Unicomp clicky keyboard a few days later, picked
         | up that too.
        
       | svat wrote:
       | My Knuth checks amount to a total account balance of 0x$b.40 at
       | his "Bank of San Seriffe" (the equivalent of eleven "errors" and
       | two "suggestions") -- mostly accumulated over a short period
       | several years ago.
       | 
       | Previously, I had the impression that Knuth was some magical
       | figure of perfection. What I realized was that the truth was more
       | surprising: he makes the same kinds and the same frequency of
       | errors as anyone else (in fact likely more, because every page is
       | packed with a lot of detail); what sets him apart is that he
       | cares so deeply about getting everything right -- he has
       | basically invited a DDoS on his time and attention, where every
       | person in the world is strongly encouraged to write to him with
       | errors on every page that he has ever written over several
       | decades -- and he does go back and look at all of them carefully
       | (example:
       | https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/18117/whi...);
       | and despite all this he somehow continues to function, producing
       | new pages at a nonzero rate. After some experience with his
       | responses (handwritten with pencil on a printout of the emails
       | sent to him), I came away even more impressed.
        
         | zoky wrote:
         | > _he makes the same kinds and the same frequency of errors as
         | anyone else_
         | 
         | Putting this here because I don't know where else to tell this
         | story and I simply have to share:
         | 
         | I flew into Munich a few months ago, and since I have an EU
         | passport I was able to use the shorter self-scan line for EU
         | citizens at passport control. In front of me was an older
         | couple who was having trouble with getting their passports to
         | scan. I noticed they had US passports, so I politely informed
         | the gentleman that he was in the wrong line. He turned around
         | and thanked me, and that's when I noticed the guy looked
         | exactly like Donald Knuth! Before I could compose myself enough
         | to say anything though, he and his wife had left to find the
         | correct line. Obviously I couldn't be sure it was him, but I
         | checked Knuth's public schedule and he was apparently speaking
         | at some conference in Venice about two weeks later, so I'm
         | guessing he decided to come a bit early and enjoy a vacation
         | before the conference.
         | 
         | So yeah, I'm like 99% sure I technically corrected an error by
         | Donald Knuth, but unfortunately I missed out on my reward
         | check. Didn't even get a selfie with him.
        
           | abhgh wrote:
           | I have mentioned this elsewhere online but I was once
           | attending a talk in the computer history museum for which I
           | had turned up early. An elderly gentleman took his seat right
           | before me - it took me a while to process that it was Knuth
           | (in reality, it was less to do with processing and more with
           | accepting!).
           | 
           | Somewhat recently we spotted him at a Hitchcock movie
           | festival at Palo Alto, which my wife and I were attending.
           | 
           | Random run-ins are surreal :-)
        
             | oefrha wrote:
             | Back when I was at Stanford a decade ago, I spotted him
             | biking to/from Green Library quite a few times. You can
             | probably run into him with some regularity if you make a
             | habit of going to said library, assuming his routine hasn't
             | changed much ;)
        
           | rnewme wrote:
           | At risk of sounding negative, I'm glad you didn't get to
           | pester old man with a selfie.
        
           | weinzierl wrote:
           | I attended one of his MMIX lectures in Munich two decades ago
           | and he mentioned that he was going to visit a friend later,
           | so I guess he might have contacts in Munich.
           | 
           | Speaking of errors, in the lecture he once forgot to save a
           | file in Emacs and was confused about the compilation result
           | briefly. Made him very relatable.
        
       | ks2048 wrote:
       | Another top story on HN right now is how LLMs are finding errors
       | in research papers.
       | 
       | Maybe an LLM winning a Knuth bug bounty is a milestone on the
       | path towards "AGI"?
        
         | vacuity wrote:
         | AGI will be achieved when Knuth + LLMs work to finish TAOCP
         | with no errors.
        
       | rgovostes wrote:
       | I haven't read TAOCP myself, but if I recall a lecture that Knuth
       | gave, his algorithm analyses sometimes include cycle counts for
       | his virtual MMIX architecture. He mentioned that these are
       | counted by hand. If I were seeking a reward check, I would write
       | a verifier to look for errors there.
        
       | potus_kushner wrote:
       | would like to read, but the site uses some clownflare
       | alternative, that just like clownflare tries to verify my browser
       | (palemoon), and then comes to the conclusion that my browser
       | isn't a browser.
        
       | vzaliva wrote:
       | "he decided against breaking up Algorithm X between different
       | pages"
       | 
       | He should have used TeX ;) I've heard handles such layout
       | problems automatically.
        
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       (page generated 2025-03-09 22:01 UTC)