[HN Gopher] "Wooly mice" a test run for mammoth gene editing
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       "Wooly mice" a test run for mammoth gene editing
        
       Author : LorenDB
       Score  : 60 points
       Date   : 2025-03-04 23:34 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | gnabgib wrote:
       | Small discussion, including video (12 points, 10 hours ago, 2
       | comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43254455
        
       | zabzonk wrote:
       | I'm not happy with all this stuff - I think it's cruel. Back in
       | the early 70s the lab I worked in had a colony of mice called
       | "wobblers" that in some sense modelled Parkinson's Disease - but
       | not usefully, as far as I could see.
        
         | boxed wrote:
         | It's also cruel to eradicate entire species. At this point we
         | can only choose between playing incompetent god or competent
         | god. This work is the latter, and I'm here for it.
        
           | HenryBemis wrote:
           | In that dilemma we are definitely god, you merely debate the
           | competency.
           | 
           | Some folks thought to develop some semi-lethal virus in a lab
           | in Wuhan because "we can/why not" and we know what happened
           | next. Many of us have watched every Resident Evil movie or
           | the 12 Monkeys.
           | 
           | Steve Gibson keeps saying "what could possibly go wrong". Our
           | (commoners'/plebes') fates have historically been determined
           | by warmongers, "hawks", ruthless immoral people who play
           | chess with real humans.
           | 
           | I am not surprised that something will definitely happen. I
           | will be surprised on the "when". I am semi-prepared for the
           | morons to eliminate 90% of the world's population some way or
           | another. I just hope that if/when that happens either "I go
           | out" it will be quick and painless, or I will have the chance
           | to 'activate my plan' and perhaps live a simple life in a
           | forest away from the destruction.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | There will be a lot of Dunning-Kruger phenomena involved.
           | 
           | Biology is hard to understand, because it is not logical in
           | the same way that maths is. Our bodies contain untold amounts
           | of traces of ancient bottleneck events that are no longer
           | relevant, but the adaptations are still with us.
        
           | zabzonk wrote:
           | No, I don't think it is cruel. For example, wolves were
           | eradicated from what is now the UK in the Tudor ages. But it
           | wasn't done with any particular cruelty (for the time), and
           | just because they were eating sheep (wool was a huge industry
           | back then).
        
         | meowface wrote:
         | I think it's acceptable if they have good reason to believe the
         | gene editing isn't going to lead to a trait that harms the
         | animal. I think fluffier fur isn't a big deal. And I say this
         | as a vegetarian and a huge supporter of animal rights.
         | 
         | Inducing Parkinsonian symptoms or removing limbs is very
         | different from some cosmetic changes. Maybe they also need to
         | be kept in cooler environments or something, but assuming they
         | accommodate that, this doesn't seem cruel to me.
        
           | zabzonk wrote:
           | I dunno - the right-hand mouse doesn't look so healthy around
           | the face.
           | 
           | Just to be clear, I've killed quite a few mice in my time
           | (traps, poison, cat) when they become nuisances. I'm not
           | sentimental about them at all, but I do draw the line at
           | actual cruelty.
        
             | esperent wrote:
             | To me, who has safely trapped a ton of mice (around 15 I
             | think, over the last couple of years), and then driven way
             | out into the nearest wild area and released them unharmed,
             | using killing traps or poison _is_ cruel.
             | 
             | I don't especially judge you for it. Well, maybe for the
             | poison since that can get into the food chain. But I also
             | don't think you have some kind of moral high ground
             | compared to these researchers.
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | The survival chances of relocated mice are basically nil.
               | 
               | You are deluding yourself to make yourself feel better.
               | 
               | No judgement, I've done it too. But now we both know
               | better.
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | I mean, the average wild mouse lives a year or so, tops.
               | Small rodents are not long lived.
        
               | zabzonk wrote:
               | Traps at least are not cruel - usually almost instant
               | death by their neck being broken. Cats are natural
               | predators. I don't much like using poison, but sometimes
               | you have to.
               | 
               | I have never claimed any high moral ground, just that the
               | deaths I'm talking about are quick, rather than them (or
               | any animal) being bred to suffer.
        
       | ysofunny wrote:
       | GATTACA here we come
        
         | Nasrudith wrote:
         | Can we have any genetics results without people unironically
         | citing fiction as if it was history?
        
           | ysofunny wrote:
           | can we bury our minds further into the sand as if it was a
           | good idea?
        
       | metalman wrote:
       | it would be interesting to see if any of the targeted gene
       | insertions, are conserved across surviving polar mamals, musk
       | oxen, elk, polar bears, foxes...,mice even perhaps marine mamals,
       | and polar humans there are likely going to be multiple genetic
       | pathways for each polar adaptations, not least of which will be
       | enhanced low light vision and the (cognitive?,sensory?,smell?)
       | ability to navigate in the dark. We are not talking about some
       | kind of finch here,a mammoth is more extreemofilic mega fauna,
       | and therein are likely the reasons for its extinction, so mammoth
       | mkII will need to take that AND, modern climate/ecological
       | conditions into consideration in order to project a plausible re-
       | introduction.
        
       | feverzsj wrote:
       | So, they gonna edit elephant's gene to make it wooly, and call it
       | a mammoth. It's like these chinese zoos dyeing dogs as lions and
       | pandas.
        
         | MrMcCall wrote:
         | I'd say it's like giving a sub-Saharan African a fur coat for
         | the summertime.
         | 
         | It's not looking like any creature on Earth is going to need
         | _more_ hair for quite a few centuries, if not longer.
         | 
         | Maybe my balding head will be a benefit after all :-)
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | Depends. If the gulf stream stops, europe will get
           | considerably colder first and who knows for how long?
        
             | smokeyfish wrote:
             | Until the next...mice age.
        
         | beloch wrote:
         | "the plan is to take stem cells from a closely related species
         | that has not gone extinct, and edit a series of changes based
         | on the corresponding genomes of the deceased species. In the
         | case of the mammoth, that means the elephant."
         | 
         | My impression from previous info released by Colossal is that
         | the plan is to take isolated fragments of mammoth DNA and put
         | those back into elephants. They haven't been able to recover a
         | full mammoth genome, but they've been able to recover many
         | fragments that include cold adaptations, and long hair is just
         | one of them. The result won't be a mammoth, but it would be
         | part-way there and, perhaps, something that could actually live
         | in the far North.
         | 
         | They face a _lot_ of sticky challenges though. Last I read
         | anything on their work, they were hoping to use artificial
         | wombs rather than surrogate elephant mothers due to ethical
         | concerns. Elephants often grieve for dead newborns, and
         | genetically engineered mammoth-elephant hybrids are more likely
         | to die shortly after birth than not. Bringing hybrids to term
         | in elephant mothers would be inhumane. However, their website
         | now mentions plans for using surrogate elephants. What 's going
         | on there? A lot of this work also involves collaboration with
         | Russia, which can't be easy right now, ethically or
         | practically.
         | 
         | The end goal is still laudable though. Restoring the mammoth
         | steppe, if done in time, could help keep massive amounts of
         | methane locked in permafrost, reducing the impact of global
         | warming. It's a moon-shot, but not impossible.
        
           | credit_guy wrote:
           | I think the main obstacle is not the ethical one, but the
           | very long gestation period of elephants (more than 18
           | months). Mice, in contrast, have a gestation period of 20
           | days. So each iteration of your experiment will take 20 times
           | longer when you use elephants. A postdoc might be there for 2
           | iterations, while a tenured professor could perform maybe 10
           | iterations throughout their career.
        
             | esperent wrote:
             | It's really strange, and nice, to see a company thinking in
             | the long term. I wish more companies would do it.
        
           | Kuinox wrote:
           | How mammoths would help with the permafrost ?
        
             | n1b0m wrote:
             | Permafrost is frozen ground that contains large amounts of
             | greenhouse gases. When permafrost melts, microbes in the
             | soil release methane and carbon dioxide. Woolly mammoths
             | may have helped keep permafrost frozen by trampling shrubs
             | and moss, and packing down snow. Grass absorbs less
             | sunlight than trees, which keeps the ground cooler.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Bingo, Dino DNA!
        
       | stoneman24 wrote:
       | Sounds like a typical SV play. Try different concepts, get
       | product market fit and scale up.
       | 
       | I, for one, welcome our hairy, cancer-free, super-intelligent
       | mammoth-mice overlords.
        
         | MrMcCall wrote:
         | I prefer our grains in the mouths of human beings, not rodents.
         | 
         | I've seen those crazy videos of mice breeding unchecked inside
         | a granary. It's freaking scary. Imagine the fleas! No thank
         | you.
         | 
         | And now they've got better hair than me? Science is out of
         | control! (j/k)
         | 
         | TBF, the mice already have better hair than me, but that's
         | beside the point.
        
           | asddubs wrote:
           | maybe we need to find the gene for mice pattern baldness to
           | even the scales
        
             | MrMcCall wrote:
             | thanks for the legit lol, but my back and groin have dibs
             | on that tech
             | 
             | FUN FACT OF THE DAY: Listening to LOTR with my kids, I made
             | a joke that "Gimli, son of Gloin" was really "Gimli, son of
             | Gloin, son of Groin" (having no idea what Gloin's father's
             | name was), and when my son read the full timeline at the
             | end of LOTR, Gloin's father really was named Groin, so now,
             | in my family, it's "Gimli, grandson of Groin". Enjoy!
        
       | wahnfrieden wrote:
       | Interestingly if not suspiciously, this lab is CIA-funded as well
       | as Thiel-funded. Thiel funded George Church directly before
       | Colossal began.
       | 
       | Related news:
       | 
       | https://www.cbsnews.com/news/harvard-scientist-george-church...
       | 
       | > Church was partly funded from 2005 to 2007 by the nonprofit
       | Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation.
        
         | unosama wrote:
         | Completely unsurprising. This whole project seems so
         | superfluous that it must be some intelligence-related thing for
         | a wholly different purpose. Can you share how you know it is
         | CIA funded?
        
           | wahnfrieden wrote:
           | https://theintercept.com/2022/09/28/cia-extinction-woolly-
           | ma...
        
       | vegetablepotpie wrote:
       | This is very fascinating and a photogenic demonstration of what
       | is possible via gene editing. My hope is that this research leads
       | to cures of genetic diseases that have previously been incurable.
       | 
       | I doubt the efficacy of creating mammoth like creatures, or
       | elephants that have mammoth traits. We're talking about
       | recreating an ice age creature that, ostensibly we hunted into
       | extinction. But with climate change and a warming planet, even if
       | we were successful in recreating mammoths, where would such a
       | creature live? James Hansen, who testified to congress in 1988
       | and informed the public about climate change, recently said that
       | the Paris goal of keeping warming under 2 degrees Centigrade is
       | pretty much dead. At 2 degrees we'll be seeing ice free arctics
       | at-least once per decade. With that future, there's simply not
       | going to be any habitat for these creatures to live in.
        
         | netcan wrote:
         | So... Mammoths _are_ elephants. Asian elephants are more
         | closely related to mammoths than African elephants. They were
         | likely genetically compatible. You could probably achieve a
         | passable mammoth phenotype with selective breeding.
         | 
         | Also, Proboscideans existed in many climate zones through
         | various climactic periods. They're not narrow specialists.
         | 
         | Mammoths just happen to capture the imagination, representing
         | the ice age. Megafaunal extinction. Ancient hunters. Rewilding.
         | Etc.
        
           | surfingdino wrote:
           | Of course they capture the imagination... I mean... imagine
           | wooly mammoths roaming the boulevards of Paris... or having
           | wings and perching on top on the Eiffel Tower... sadly no
           | cure for cancer in sight.
        
             | tomcam wrote:
             | Not quite sure where you were going with this reply, but
             | username fits
        
           | jghn wrote:
           | There's still an enormous number of edits they need to make.
           | I don't remember the exact number they said but I believe it
           | was in the several hundred to low thousands range. Meanwhile
           | the rest of the world is mostly focusing on "an edit". It's
           | not impossible, but it'll be quite an undertaking.
        
         | Klaster_1 wrote:
         | https://pleistocenepark.ru/
        
       | countWSS wrote:
       | Lets also add the sabre-toothed genes and let it escape out of
       | the lab.
        
       | mnahkies wrote:
       | Someone else mentioned sabre-tooth, I'd love for someone to
       | figure out a way to revive the Moa - much more recently extinct,
       | so maybe easier? (Though perhaps harder due to the climate being
       | less amenable to preserving DNA)
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moa
        
       | rapnie wrote:
       | Too bad. Mammoths? Not possible and unethical, according to this
       | geneticist's opinion piece in The Guardian.
       | 
       | > The only way you will ever see a living mammoth is if our
       | physicist friends finally crack time travel. I am a mere
       | geneticist, but my understanding is that this remains very much
       | in the realm of fiction. Perhaps in the meantime we could direct
       | our scientific excitement and energies towards real problems,
       | things on which millions of lives depend, rather than on this
       | mammoth circus of macabre fantasy and moral bankruptcy.
       | 
       | https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/mar/06/woolly...
        
         | vrosas wrote:
         | The mammoth is their moonshot project. They're working on a
         | number of species that have more complete genomes in the name
         | of de-extinction.
        
         | Nasrudith wrote:
         | Boy that geneticist must be fun at parties. Focus on my pet
         | issues exactly like I do or else you are literally morally
         | bankrupt! You can tell his mind has been throughly warped by
         | academic knife fighting for grants.
        
       | unosama wrote:
       | It's disgusting how scientists come up with these elaborate
       | excuses to do things they know everyone will object to. Stop
       | playing god
        
         | topaz0 wrote:
         | The push here is much more from techno-utopian venture
         | capitalist grifters than from scientists.
        
       | topaz0 wrote:
       | Much of the coverage of this story has credulously repeated the
       | company's marketing press release without any sort of critical
       | appraisal of the actual significance of the announcement (read:
       | not much) or of the stated goal, which is misguided in the
       | extreme. I found this (older) article about the "de-extinction"
       | project [1] to be much more informative. The same journalist
       | covered the new announcement last week [2] (submitted to hn here:
       | [3]).
       | 
       | [1]: https://defector.com/what-kind-of-future-does-de-
       | extinction-...
       | 
       | [2]: https://defector.com/do-not-be-bamboozled-by-the-new-
       | fluffy-...
       | 
       | [3]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43302625
        
       | ratatoskrt wrote:
       | This is ridiculous. They started with the ambitious goal of
       | cloning a mammoth, then scaled it down to making elephants
       | slightly more mammoth-like, and now they've ended up doing a
       | literature search on genes that make mice a bit furrier. At this
       | point, they're just another biotech company... which would be
       | fine if they were honest about it. Instead, they've come up with
       | this completely unrealistic plan supposedly aimed at combating
       | climate change. Don't be mistaken - anyone investing in this is
       | doing so purely to profit from their intellectual property, not
       | for any noble cause.
        
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