[HN Gopher] Why Vermont farmers are using urine on their crops
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Why Vermont farmers are using urine on their crops
        
       Author : rmason
       Score  : 108 points
       Date   : 2025-03-02 21:36 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.com)
        
       | technothrasher wrote:
       | I recall visiting an experimental green technology farm in Wales
       | back in about 1997. One of the things they were doing was
       | composting leftover cardboard by peeing on it and waiting for it
       | to breakdown. They also had a nifty water driven lift, and a big
       | display about tidal power. I wish I could remember where exactly
       | that place was.
        
         | dflock wrote:
         | Probably this place: https://cat.org.uk - Llwyngwern Quarry,
         | Machynlleth, Powys, SY20 9AZ
        
       | anticorporate wrote:
       | I'm always a little surprised at how surprised other people are
       | when they hear this.
       | 
       | I've been peeing on our compost pile for years. We have a lot of
       | carbons in the pile (mostly leaves) so adding the nitrogen helps
       | it all break down faster. On my acre plot I've probably gotten
       | three or four cubic yards of compost a year broken down with the
       | help of pee.
        
         | 27theo wrote:
         | Yes it's amusing when people aren't aware of the benefits. I,
         | too, have been peeing on anticorporate's compost pile for two
         | or three years.
        
           | fifticon wrote:
           | I have been peeing on corporate for years, but I am very
           | discrete about it, lest they find out it is me.
        
             | RandomBacon wrote:
             | Too late, they already ran a DNA analysis on it and
             | partnered with 23andMe, and because your cousin took a DNA
             | ancestry test after receiving a kit as a present four years
             | ago, corporate now knows it was you.
        
             | anticorporate wrote:
             | Jokes aside, part of my reduced reliance on corporations is
             | growing as much of our food as we can ourselves.
        
               | Braxton1980 wrote:
               | What about the vast majority of people who live in the
               | suburbs or cities?
               | 
               | Wouldn't a better solution be regulations so it doesn't
               | matter who is growing the food?
        
               | anticorporate wrote:
               | It's not either/or. I also strongly support major changes
               | to agricultural and food policy.
               | 
               | For what it's worth, my property is suburban. It's a
               | post-war subdivision with rather large lots, we just
               | choose to use most of ours productively. Food and timber
               | for us, native plants for the critters, grass be damned.
               | When we commuted, we lived in a denser area with better
               | transit access, but neither my wife nor I have had a
               | commute since before the pandemic.
        
               | michelpp wrote:
               | Sprouting is an excellent and compact way to get some
               | fresh greens into your diet in a small space. No urine
               | required (although I too do dump my urine on my farm
               | hosts' compost). I live in a short school bus with less
               | than 8sqm of space and do my sprouting in a small clear
               | plastic tote. Every day I eat fresh sprouts, usually with
               | something like wild-caught canned mackerel.
        
               | diggan wrote:
               | > What about the vast majority of people who live in the
               | suburbs or cities?
               | 
               | Suburban houses usually have a garden around them, you
               | can grow vegetables and stuff in/on top of those. Plant
               | some fruit trees/bushes as well and you have a start :)
               | 
               | Cities are more difficult, unless you have access to a
               | balcony/patio/roof. I know in some local neighborhoods,
               | neighbors have gotten together to create little co-cops,
               | and took over small unused plots and grow some stuff
               | together there. Plots like these for example: https://www
               | .google.com/maps/place/Carrer+del+Doctor+Trueta,+...
               | 
               | Sure, none of these will make you 100% independent when
               | it comes to what you eat, but small differences can add
               | up and also spread the knowledge/ambition for more people
               | to do it.
        
               | RobRivera wrote:
               | One year I'll go this route.
               | 
               | Living in a city I can't really raise anything beyond
               | herbs, however hunting once a year reduces my reliance on
               | factory farming so much.
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | When I lived on a standard city lot in Minneapolis, I was
               | growing corn (lost most of it to squirrels), tomatoes,
               | carrots, horseradish (can't kill that stuff), squash and
               | a bunch of other stuff I can't remember. And a "natural
               | prairie" section of mostly native grasses and
               | wildflowers.
               | 
               | Just depends on how much land you have and how much of
               | your lawn you want to dig up :-)
        
             | pengaru wrote:
             | nit: discreet
        
               | DarmokJalad1701 wrote:
               | > nit discreet
               | 
               | Or maybe fifticon's pee comes out as quantized packets of
               | a fixed size.
        
             | bigstrat2003 wrote:
             | I pee on corporate as well, but I do so continuously
             | instead of discretely. I'm peeing on corporate as I type
             | this!
        
             | ashoeafoot wrote:
             | The plastic bamboo in the foyer grows like crazy.
        
         | littlestymaar wrote:
         | > We have a lot of carbons in the pile (mostly leaves) so
         | adding the nitrogen helps it all break down faster
         | 
         | I know that nitrogen/carbon ratio is being brought a lot in
         | compost discussions, but AFAIK most of the time people bring
         | that up they are actually talking about bringing _water_ , not
         | nitrogen, to their compost.
         | 
         | And regarding this particular comment of yours about "nitrogen
         | helping it break down" I suspect this is another instance of
         | it. Dry leaves aren't a favorable environment for fungi and
         | bacteria to grow, so adding water will definitely speed up the
         | process a lot, while I'm not convinced adding nitrogen would
         | have any effect in that regard.
         | 
         | Peeing on a compost pile is still good because it ads nitrogen
         | to the compost itself, part of which will end up in the plant
         | you give it, but it's probably less effective at it than peeing
         | on the plants directly, because some of it will evaporate over
         | time.
        
           | diggan wrote:
           | > Dry leaves aren't a favorable environment for fungi and
           | bacteria to grow, so adding water will definitely speed up
           | the process a lot
           | 
           | Nor is an environment without sufficient nitrogen, IIRC,
           | especially since dry leaves are really carbon-rich.
           | 
           | I'm guessing it would be easy for parent to test if it's the
           | water, the nitrogen or both that helps the most. Science your
           | way to an answer, as long as you're logging metrics should be
           | easy enough :)
        
             | anticorporate wrote:
             | Since there were a couple of comments asking about water
             | content, yes, we also keep our compost moist through adding
             | water when needed (I also live in a rather moist region of
             | the US). The previous owners of our property "gifted" us an
             | above-ground pool that makes for a lousy swimming spot but
             | a great water collection tank. We rarely have to use
             | municipal water for anything garden-related.
        
           | krunck wrote:
           | No, nitrogen is very important. The carbon to nitrogen ratios
           | is crucial for optimal composting.[1]
           | 
           | Yes, compost must be moist to decompose. And peeing on the
           | compost adds required moisture and nitrogen.
           | 
           | Don't pee on your plants. It can chemically burn some of
           | them. Not to mention peeing on your lettuce is just gross.
           | 
           | My compost is for dealing with kitchen waste: veggie and
           | fruit scraps, coffee grounds etc. It it so nitrogen rich that
           | I need to add leaves to it regularly to keep the C/N ratio
           | where it needs to be or it goes "sour".
           | 
           | [1] https://compost.css.cornell.edu/chemistry.html
        
             | knowitnone wrote:
             | I pee on my compost and I don't see any difference to the
             | speed of composting between a good rain vs a gallon of pee.
        
         | RajT88 wrote:
         | Did not realize this. I will have to try it!
         | 
         | Late at night of course, my compost pile is by the road.
         | 
         | Anyone know if exposing yourself on your own property is
         | considered public indecency? Asking for a friend.
        
           | johnisgood wrote:
           | Pee in a cup or jug at home and take it outside.
        
           | anonymous_sorry wrote:
           | I tend to relieve myself into a watering can in the privacy
           | of the shed.
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | Isn't that what pisspans are for? You don't do it out in the
           | open.
           | 
           | If you have a farm, cattle would probably produce much more
           | though.
        
             | User23 wrote:
             | I believe that there are barn designs that capture urine.
        
               | bigstrat2003 wrote:
               | As far as I've seen that's just normal barn design. Cows
               | relieve themselves (both ways) into a gutter that runs
               | behind their stalls, and then when you clean the gutters
               | it all gets spread onto the field.
        
           | interestica wrote:
           | There will be a few things you'll want to do to minimize
           | nitrogen loss. As soon as it's out, it going to start turning
           | into ammonia and as a gas, it will escape. (The ammonia
           | itself has useful properties, and it's why urine has been
           | used for all sorts of processes in history(. Making the
           | 'outputs' fairly acidic or basic will help keep the nitrogen
           | from leaving in that way. Add vinegar so that the low pH will
           | reduce the bacterial activity that creates the ammonia. Add
           | wood ash to create a very basic environment (high pH) (you
           | should actually get ammonium as a precipitate). Vinegar
           | should also help reduce smells. You might wanna store it for
           | a bit before depositing. (Unless you're doing the direct
           | deposit method).
        
             | always-open wrote:
             | Are you saying to add vinegar to the urine and then wood
             | ash to the urine?
        
               | interestica wrote:
               | Sorry! Those were the two separate options: either high
               | pH or low pH. Adding vinegar is prob easiest and it's
               | what Rich Tree does.
        
         | debacle wrote:
         | I've heard mixed things. Most folks recommend keeping human +
         | pet waste out of compost. It depends on how hot your pile is
         | and how quickly you move it into your garden.
        
           | inanutshellus wrote:
           | I believe that's referring to feces, not urine.
           | 
           | Most household (cat, dog, and human) feces is full of meat
           | which draws the wrong kind of insects to the pile.
           | 
           | Urine though is okay and, arguably, beneficial to breaking
           | down compost.
           | 
           | The only hard part is figuring out how to wave at your
           | neighbors while fertilizing your compost heap. Do you wave
           | with your off-hand or hot-swap as necessary? Decisions
           | decisions...
        
             | debacle wrote:
             | The only neighbors in eyeshot of my compost pile are the
             | ducks, and I don't think they really mind.
        
         | nonethewiser wrote:
         | I think people would be even more surprised to learn how common
         | it is to use processed sewage for fertilizer. Human waste.
         | 
         | In California, 76% of processed sewage goes to farming. 86% in
         | Colorado.
         | 
         | https://investigatemidwest.org/2024/08/07/fertilizer-from-hu...
         | 
         | And its not just the US
         | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/sep/02/sewage-s...
         | 
         | >Spreading the sludge on farmland is banned in the Netherlands,
         | where incineration is preferred, but allowed in the UK. Dutch
         | water authorities are eyeing the UK as a possible destination
         | for their sewage
        
         | beebaween wrote:
         | Favorite part of my morning - like food waste I compost, why
         | would I pay to use water to send back all of my urine nutrients
         | back to my local water municipality?
        
       | tw04 wrote:
       | Wait until they find out that truckers and large pickup drivers
       | everywhere pour essentially urine into their trucks every few
       | fill-ups as part of their emmissions systems.
        
         | forgetfreeman wrote:
         | Can confirm, once had a DEF spill inside a Golf TDI, took 48
         | hours before the car smelled -exactly- like a truck stop
         | bathroom.
        
       | dghughes wrote:
       | The NitroVolt concept looks interesting it uses less energy than
       | Haber-Bosch process but it's only for nitrogen not phosphorus.
       | 
       | If you grow anything or even lawn care you know anything with
       | phosphorus is very expensive usually double the cost of just
       | nitrogen.
       | 
       | https://www.nitrovolt.com/
        
         | scythe wrote:
         | They're not the only ones on that track:
         | 
         | https://tsubame-bhb.co.jp/en/
         | 
         | But I do think the name NitroVolt is a little unfortunate
         | because there is also a much more speculative (TRL 3)
         | methodology in development which dispenses with fuel altogether
         | to perform the reaction:
         | 
         | N2 + 12 OH- >> 2 NO3- + 6 H2O + 10 e-
         | 
         | ...effectively producing nitrate directly from nitrogen with
         | electricity. So I clicked expecting to see that, but it's still
         | years to decades away.
        
           | btown wrote:
           | Any links to the research here?
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | No healthy lawn needs Nitrogen or Phosphorus! People just think
         | drug addicted monocultres are beautiful, change attitudes and
         | the world will be better off. There are suburban lots using as
         | much fertilizer as an entire field on a farm.
         | 
         | A healthy lawn will have plenty of clover and other plants to
         | fix nitrogen. People call those plants weeds, but they are not
         | and we need to quit killing them. Rabbits peeing on your lawn
         | will add nitrogen as well.
         | 
         | Phosphorus is a mineral and shouldn't be going anywhere. The
         | plants take it in, then they die and it goes right back into
         | the soil. If you have a new house you might need some initial
         | phosphorus treatments because developments often destroy the
         | soil, but after a few years there will be plenty.
         | 
         | Gardens are different. When you remove anything to eat it you
         | take some phosphorus (and other minerals) away. If you are not
         | returning your poop to the soil those minerals are gone.
         | (returning poop if not done right can kill - there is good
         | reason we have modern sanitation systems to remove human
         | waste!) Nitrogen fixers can compete with your food plants and
         | reduce yields by enough that you are often better off removing
         | them from your garden and getting nitrogen otherwise. A lawn is
         | not a garden.
        
         | amoshebb wrote:
         | The emphasis on containerization and strictly using green
         | energy makes me skeptical about the underlying technology...
         | 
         | If this "lithium-mediated ammonia synthesis reactor" is really
         | so much more efficient, surely incumbent nitrogen plants would
         | be camping on the sidewalk to be first in line?
         | 
         | Maybe it's different elsewhere, but here farmers don't use
         | daily applications of small amounts of pure ammonia, they get
         | an armada of co-op spreaders to deliver and apply dozens-
         | hundreds of tons of dry blend in one big shot and then do
         | nothing for months. There's a reason production is so
         | concentrated, and it's not because farmers haven't realized air
         | is the main ingredient.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | From what I can tell, the efficiency comes from logistics and
           | not the cost. Those large plants are cheaper to run, but then
           | you need to get that ammonia from the factory to the field.
           | Ammonia is very toxic (your household Ammonia CONCENTRATE is
           | 99% water! we are talking 100% ammonia here). Your truck
           | drivers need special training to haul it, they cannot drive
           | on some roads (tunnels). Farmers - the least safety
           | conscience group I know of - wear gas masks and protective
           | clothing when they work with it (they will drink roundup on a
           | dare). Everyone in the chain of handling it needs extra
           | safety effort.
           | 
           | This thing is instead a box you put on the farm which means
           | much less handling of it. It also means you can plan to have
           | it on time (fertilizer shipments are sometimes late - when
           | you apply notrogen matters). In short this can be more
           | expensive than traditional processes, but has enough other
           | benefits that people will be willing to pay that difference
           | (after talking to their accountant).
        
             | amoshebb wrote:
             | so, we're observing the same things, but drawing opposite
             | conclusions.
             | 
             | A box on a farm means much MORE handling of it, no?
             | Currently no farmer I've met has ever handled pure ammonia,
             | only UAN or nitrate/other dry solids. And like you said,
             | they'd rather not. (although I also don't know any who
             | would drink glyphosates with how quickly they eat sprayers)
             | 
             | How does a box help with timing? Each farm must either
             | store enough on site for an entire application (which
             | farmers could already do if that was worth the cost) as
             | it's slowly generated, or they're constrained by daily
             | output of the box. Late shipments are bad, but a renewable
             | only box running out on a cloudy week? No angry phone call
             | to the coop fixes this.
             | 
             | Spreading the cost to centrally produce and store lots over
             | many farms/industries seems optimal when one needs
             | infrequent but huge quantities of anything.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | A box on the farm means a little more handling on the
               | farm, but nobody else has to handle it.
               | 
               | The farmers I know of work with "anhydrous". Urea and
               | other solid forms are used too, but anhydrous is very
               | common.
               | 
               | AFAIK this box isn't available to anyone yet. Farmers are
               | interested, but only if it really helps. If it is less
               | predictable than ordering and hoping it arrives on time
               | (every once in a while you order something for delivery
               | on some date and you don't get it then with nothing you
               | can do even though the date is the date you need it) they
               | don't want it. If it is more predictable because they can
               | turn it on and be assured that there will be what they
               | need on some day (despite clouds - which over a few
               | months is predictable enough) they want it.
               | 
               | (I don't think many farmers have drunk glyphosates, but
               | they would on the right bet and the SDS says it is safe
               | enough to take a sip. Though the other additives might
               | not be safe).
        
               | amoshebb wrote:
               | Anhydrous isn't common here, so the only way I've seen it
               | applied is with shanks that cut everything up to inject
               | high rates maybe not even annually.
               | 
               | So how would farmers familiar with anhydrous use "A box
               | that makes 330lbs of ammonia a day"? Treat an acre a day?
               | Apply a 1/300th rate and do 300 applications a year?
               | Maintain a high-pressure 100,000lb tank of ammonia slowly
               | being drip-filled until they need it all in fall? Buy 50
               | sea-cans and leave them shut off for 51 weeks a year?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | I believe shanks are the only way to apply anhydrous. You
               | need to get it into the soil or it will evaporate and do
               | no good.
               | 
               | Your question paragraph is full of great questions that I
               | don't think anyone has figured out. These things are
               | still very new, farmers are interested because they have
               | the potential to be better than what they are doing now.
               | However it is all potential and how it works in the real
               | world remains to be seen.
        
       | hcfman wrote:
       | So how many drugs are the people who consume the crops now
       | ingesting because of this I wonder ?
        
         | 0_____0 wrote:
         | From the article:
         | 
         | > Many people are, however, concerned about pharmaceutical
         | content in the urine. "It's the biggest question we get,"
         | Shupack says. REI has conducted research to find out just how
         | much of common drugs like caffeine and the painkiller
         | acetaminophen are evident in vegetables grown using urine
         | fertiliser. The final results are yet to be released, but the
         | preliminary findings suggest the amount of pharmaceuticals in
         | vegetables fertilised with urine to be "extremely small".
         | "You'd have to eat a pretty obscene amount of lettuce, every
         | day, for way longer than you can live" to get a cup of coffee's
         | worth of caffeine, Shupack says.
        
           | lr4444lr wrote:
           | What about THC (or its metabolites)?
        
             | LegitShady wrote:
             | my man here is trying to develop the devil's lettuce for
             | real.
        
           | tokai wrote:
           | Caffeine?! I bet people are more worried about cocaine,
           | amphetamine, methamphetamine, ecstasy, ketamine, and THC,
           | which are all found in sewage. To not include SSRIs et. al.
           | and anti psychotics.
           | 
           | This is study is European, but still shows the issue:
           | 
           | https://www.euda.europa.eu/news/2024/4/latest-wastewater-
           | dat...
        
             | NotGMan wrote:
             | Another huge issue is estrogen from women using birth
             | control pills.
        
               | appointment wrote:
               | Why is that an issue? I don't think anyone is given
               | mandatory tests for estrogen.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | Apparently it's a non issue, see:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43268848
        
             | 0_____0 wrote:
             | Tbh I'm not at all worried about any of the party drugs you
             | mentioned. If you took 1mg of each of those, at the same
             | time you would feel about the same as you do after a cup of
             | coffee (the amphetamines are relevant at that dose,
             | MDMA/THC/ketamine would be deeply sub-threshold).
             | 
             | At the nanogram level? Forget it. There's all kinds of crap
             | in everything we eat, drink, and breathe. Dose makes the
             | poison - there's a big difference between a detectable
             | level of something and a clinically significant amount.
             | You'd be better off improving the ventilation in your house
             | than worrying about whether your lettuce has 1PPT of
             | cocaine metabolite in it.
             | 
             | Note that all of the above is about the party drugs. I have
             | no idea about what the deal is with the psychiatric meds
             | and hormones. If anyone has knowledge of whether chronic
             | exposure to extremely small quantities of them and their
             | metabolites has clinical significance I'd be interested to
             | know more. I sort of doubt it, but I'd be happy to be
             | proven wrong
        
             | Steven420 wrote:
             | That's why it's best to grow your own food and compost with
             | your own pee
        
               | reverendsteveii wrote:
               | that way you get your meth back for free
        
               | throwaway173738 wrote:
               | Scientists call it "the meth cycle."
        
         | forgetfreeman wrote:
         | Probably similar to drinking tap or bottled water:
         | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3273502/
        
         | reverendsteveii wrote:
         | if you'd researched instead of wondering you'd know that it's
         | effectively zero
        
       | bluGill wrote:
       | Urine and poop have been known as great fertilizers for longer
       | than recorded history. However be careful about trying this for
       | yourself. These are both toxic wastes and if not handled
       | correctly can kill you. Urine isn't too bad in amounts you are
       | likely to deal with in a garden. Poop provides are lot more
       | benefit than Urine in the garden - but tiny amounts not handled
       | correct can kill.
       | 
       | I do not know all the factors in play. If you are considering
       | this instead of commercial fertilizer for your garden then you
       | need to do real research (not youtube research - read real
       | academic papers)
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | I'm curious how poop is so deadly.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Bacteria, parasites and other nasty things live in it.
           | 
           | I'm being vague because if you need a more detailed answer
           | you really need to break open academic papers and spend years
           | reading them, not try to figure things our from a discussion
           | forum. (I only need the discussion forum version so I don't
           | know more than the above)
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | You know how there's periodically a recall of green onions or
           | lettuce due to e.coli contamination? That is because farms in
           | the desert irrigate the plants with water contaminated with
           | cow or pig feces.
        
             | canucker2016 wrote:
             | [warning - skip reading this comment if you don't want to
             | be reminded how raw produce may get to your tabletop]
             | 
             | see https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/New-focus-on-
             | field-s...
             | 
             | If there are humans picking the crops, and if their hygiene
             | is lax, then there might be some contamination via a human
             | vector.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | "I know a guy" who went to tour a lettuce farm at
               | harvest. He had to wear special booties, gloves, and a
               | hair net. The farmers proudly showed how the lettuce was
               | picked and immediately (no wash step!) wrapped in plastic
               | so that no contamination could happen. Then he looked up
               | and say birds flying overhead and as bird do pooping in
               | mid flight.
               | 
               | Wash your lettuce.
        
               | em-bee wrote:
               | i don't think you can store lettuce after washing. it
               | would get soggy. you can rinse it. like rain. but that's
               | about it. so this is not surprising.
        
         | _bigbear_ wrote:
         | Human urine - yes good source of nitrates, although it will
         | kill plants if undiluted (too much of a good thing...) . Human
         | poop NO! it should NEVER be used as fertilizer. Typical human
         | diet makes it pretty worthless as fertilizer, and pathogens
         | make it a really dumb thing to do. Poop from grazing animals
         | isn't the same stuff as human poop, which is where i think
         | people get mixed up.
        
           | wswope wrote:
           | This is highly misinformed. There are strict processing
           | requirements, but it is safe and legally permitted in many
           | specific contexts. This page lists some of the processing
           | techniques and statutory requirements:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composting_toilet
           | 
           | See also: Dillo dirt
        
         | deepsquirrelnet wrote:
         | Bat guano is a common fertilizer that should be used with
         | caution. Remember covid? Bad stuff lurks in the feces of cave
         | dwelling mammals... You hope it has been safely composted, but
         | has it?
        
       | alkh wrote:
       | Unfortunately, poop and urine is one of the main reasons for soil
       | contamination by Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
       | (PFAS).[1] [2] . I think farmers will have to rethink using those
       | as fertilisers soon
       | 
       | [1] https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/31/climate/pfas-
       | fertilizer-s... [2]
       | https://www.npr.org/2024/03/28/1241473455/pfas-forever-chemi...
        
         | LarsAlereon wrote:
         | That's why they're capturing the urine directly instead of
         | using potentially contaminated sewage solids.
        
         | chakintosh wrote:
         | From the article: "Windham County's pee-donations are collected
         | by a lorry and driven to a large tank where the urine is
         | pasteurised by heating it to 80C (176F) for 90 seconds. It is
         | then stored in a pasteurised tank, ready to be sprayed on local
         | farmland when the time is right to fertilise crops."
        
           | reverendsteveii wrote:
           | does pasteurization break down PFAs? They're chemicals, not
           | microbes. My understanding is that pasteurization only kills
           | microbes.
        
             | moate wrote:
             | The PFA's aren't largely concentrated in the urine/feces,
             | they're in the sewage water (from people flushing/washing
             | things down the drain/chemical runoff).
             | 
             | If the issue was "people are so full of PFA's that their
             | urine/feces contain so much they're contaminating the
             | planet" the problem would be too far advanced, right? Like
             | if your body was so radioactive that standing near you
             | caused people to develop cancer, you probably shouldn't
             | worry about getting cancer yourself, you're already fucked.
        
               | reverendsteveii wrote:
               | that's not unfair, thank you for clarifying. though I
               | will add that elsewhere in the thread we're having the
               | exact conversation from your second paragraph but about
               | prescription and...ahem...non-prescription drugs.
        
         | interestica wrote:
         | > Unfortunately, poop and urine is one of the main reasons for
         | soil contamination by Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl
         | Substances (PFAS).
         | 
         | That's not true and that's absolutely not what those articles
         | say.
         | 
         | Biosolid fertilizer [?] "poop and urine"
         | 
         | Each article refers to general sewage "sludge" which is the
         | primary output from wastewater treatment plants. That
         | "biosolids" mix is far removed from "poop and urine" and has
         | many other things added to it (eg for treatment) and taken out.
         | 
         | From your [1] > The E.P.A. is currently studying the risks
         | posed by PFAS in sludge fertilizer (which the industry calls
         | biosolids) to determine if new rules are necessary.
         | 
         | > She said regulators should focus on curbing the PFAS entering
         | wastewater by banning use in consumer products or requiring
         | industries to clean their effluent before sending it to
         | treatment plants. "There's not enough money in the world to
         | take it out at the end," she said.
         | 
         | To actually use poop and urine effectively, it has to be
         | separated (ahem) "at the source" and processed appropriately
         | _before_ any PFAS can enter. The Rich Tree Institute of the
         | main article are focused entirely on the urine (ahem)  "stream"
         | and demonstrating how it could be viable as a fertilizer.
        
       | ghfhghg wrote:
       | I grew up being taught to urinate on our rhubarb patches.
        
       | appointment wrote:
       | The headline should specify _human_ urine. Spreading animal urine
       | on crops is of course standard practice everywhere.
        
       | erehweb wrote:
       | Pecunia non olet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecunia_non_olet
        
       | deepsquirrelnet wrote:
       | Wait until people find out what blood meal and bone meal are.
       | 
       | I hate that this article makes it sound like there's some magical
       | component to it "double your yields!". A ton of things are a
       | fertilizer. Urea and ammonia based nitrogen fertilizers are
       | already very common. Ammonia should be used with caution, because
       | it is a small molecule and plants have very little inhibition
       | toward its uptake. It also reduces pH due to H+ release in the
       | nitrification process.
        
       | alecco wrote:
       | Zero mention of the problem of hormones (contraception),
       | antibiotics, and a lot of random things coming with human urine.
       | It's very hard to get rid of those, last time I checked the best
       | way was to let it break over YEARS. This is not viable at large
       | scale. (My family used to be farmers)
       | 
       | And note the animal waste from feedlots is quite toxic and yet
       | it's being used at scale without proper processing in some
       | unscrupulous corporate farms. Or they dump it in "swine lagoons".
        
         | InDubioProRubio wrote:
         | Eh, uv diods? You lower them in, vibrate and rotate the
         | material, degrade it? Standard processing step
        
         | memhole wrote:
         | Are those taken up by plants? I think there's even some debate
         | around the effects of using treated wood for raised vegetable
         | gardens. Last when I looked into it, I think there was some
         | elevated arsenic in plants and the advice was to plant a few
         | inches away from the edges of the bed since the exposure drops
         | off.
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | >I think there's even some debate around the effects of using
           | treated wood for raised vegetable gardens
           | 
           | It's not a debate or the matter or health or organic wonks.
           | "pressure treated wood" is treated with a compound of
           | arsenic. Arsenic is quite toxic and readily leaches into the
           | ground and your garden. Like you really shouldn't touch
           | pressure treated wood, you should wear gloves and wash your
           | hands after. It is banned in the US for construction of
           | residential things which come into contact with humans and
           | totally banned in several countries.
           | 
           | Leave pressure treated wood away from your food... a few
           | inches planting away from it isn't enough.
        
             | jihadjihad wrote:
             | > "pressure treated wood" is treated with a compound of
             | arsenic.
             | 
             | It depends--I am assuming you're referring to chromated
             | copper arsenate [0] (CCA), which has been widely phased out
             | in favor of other treatments, like copper azole [1].
             | 
             | I wouldn't go and build a raised garden bed out of copper
             | azole treated wood either, but I also wouldn't be surprised
             | if the leached copper etc. is quite a bit safer than CCA.
             | 
             | 0: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromated_copper_arsenate
             | 
             | 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_preservation#Copper_a
             | zole
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | CCA is restricted in some residential applications, but
               | it is still very much for sale for industrial and some
               | structural uses. Most pressure treated you will find
               | won't have it any more, but not all.
               | 
               | https://www.menards.com/main/find.html?find=CCA+treated.&
               | ski...
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | Chromated arsenic treatment was banned in pressure treated
             | wood in 2003. Pressure treatment with less toxic chemicals
             | is not banned.
             | 
             | https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-
             | products/over...
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | You can still buy it, you're just not supposed to use CCA
               | treated wood for a list of residential uses.
        
         | Taylor_OD wrote:
         | https://richearthinstitute.org/how-it-works/
         | 
         | There is a treatment section on their website. They list
         | details about pharmaceuticals in their guide as well.
         | 
         | https://richearthinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ur...
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >While there are some pharmaceutical compounds detectable in
           | crop tissue, the levels are extremely small-in the nanogram
           | per gram (or parts per billion) range
           | 
           | I was somewhat skeptical about this given all the headline
           | I've seen about birth control causing hormones to be in the
           | water supply, but it checks out.
           | 
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20977246/
           | 
           | >This paper reviews the literature regarding various sources
           | of estrogens, in surface, source and drinking water, with an
           | emphasis on the active molecule that comes from OCs. It
           | includes discussion of the various agricultural, industrial,
           | and municipal sources and outlines the contributions of
           | estrogenic chemicals to the estrogenicity of waterways and
           | estimates that the risk of exposure to synthetic estrogens in
           | drinking water on human health is negligible
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | see also:
         | 
         | PFAS in [sewage sludge] blamed for killing livestock in Texas
         | and wreaking havoc
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43245674
        
         | hombre_fatal wrote:
         | > Zero mention of the problem of hormones
         | 
         | This isn't true.
         | 
         | TFA links to a page that points out hormone uptake wasn't found
         | in plant tissue and that the uptake of drugs like caffeine and
         | tylenol are at tiny fractions of a minimum effective dose.
        
           | LordDragonfang wrote:
           | For caffeine this should be somewhat expected - it's a
           | chemical produced as an insecticide by at least 3 or four
           | completely unrelated families of plants.
        
       | knowitnone wrote:
       | except nowadays, so many people are on medication that the urine
       | may be contaminated by other chemicals.
        
       | Mistletoe wrote:
       | I did a test with urine comparing it to other fertilizers a few
       | years ago when I grew medical marijuana. Diluted about 1:10 it
       | was pretty great. A little less growth than regular complete
       | fertilizers but still quite good. I was surprised, I thought the
       | sodium would be too high.
       | 
       | Storing urine is about as ghastly as you might imagine and smells
       | almost exactly like a bad truck stop bathroom.
        
       | gosub100 wrote:
       | Here's a relevant Cody's Lab video about the process of
       | converting urea to nitrate to make the nitrogen more
       | bioavailable:
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/fhYW0QVS408?si=6sEtuWLEBSFfEk2f
        
       | autoexec wrote:
       | I'm pretty sure most of the crops in the US are regularly sprayed
       | in urine and shit. Many of the immigrant workers used on farms
       | are treated like slaves, locked up when they aren't in the fields
       | or kept in overcrowded housing without basic utilities. These
       | workers aren't getting bathroom breaks.
       | 
       | Even on farms that don't treat their workers so poorly they
       | aren't installing bathrooms in the middle of the fields they
       | truck workers out to, or ferrying them back and forth all day
       | either. Workers couldn't afford take the time to run off to the
       | bathroom even if they had the option. They have quotas to meet
       | and are paid by how much they get done in a day. They're not
       | walking off the job site to use the bathroom. They'll just
       | piss/shit on your veggies and smile to themselves as they think
       | about Americans who don't wash their produce.
        
         | 11235813213455 wrote:
         | Pissing or shitting on plants has positive effects if those
         | people have a proper food, hydration, no drugs
        
         | brodouevencode wrote:
         | > Many of the immigrant workers used on farms are treated like
         | slaves, locked up when they aren't in the fields or kept in
         | overcrowded housing without basic utilities.
         | 
         | While conditions aren't what most people consider comfortable,
         | this is at best a major exaggeration. No, there aren't portable
         | toilets out there (some farms do have them) - we'd go off to
         | the side of the field, do our business, and get back to work.
         | No one actively relieved themselves on any product. Most of us
         | kept a damp towel around our necks for cleaning and heat
         | relief, so that's what we would use. Every farm I worked on
         | that supplied to grocers or sold independently had a
         | washing/sanitizing system as part of the operation. So while
         | it's not operating room clean, it's pretty damn clean by the
         | time it got to the consumer. Also, all the mistreatment of
         | migrant workers I experienced was only ever by other migrant
         | workers.
        
           | autoexec wrote:
           | Not all workers are treated that way, but many are. If you
           | were working illegally in the US it sounds like you were
           | lucky.
           | 
           | It's been a huge problem in Florida: https://ciw-
           | online.org/slavery/
           | 
           | The same story plays out all over the place.
           | 
           | Here it happened in Georgia:
           | https://apnews.com/article/business-georgia-slavery-
           | forced-l...
           | 
           | Here in Colorado:
           | https://www.denverpost.com/2024/11/01/h2a-visas-workers-
           | traf...
           | 
           | It's not even just limited to farms.
           | 
           | These guys were kept locked up at night and only let out to
           | build luxury condos:
           | https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/slavery-towers-feds-
           | sa...
           | 
           | This Texas lady forced them to work for her cleaning company:
           | https://kfor.com/news/texas-woman-convicted-of-forcing-
           | two-u...
           | 
           | This landscaping company in Tennessee did it:
           | https://www.foxnews.com/world/tennessee-landscaping-
           | business...
           | 
           | This lady in Illinois just wanted house slaves:
           | https://www.foxnews.com/us/mexican-migrant-trafficking-
           | woman...
        
       | bzmrgonz wrote:
       | If anyone knows people in this project, here is another project
       | that goes hand in hand with this. Please forward them this, I
       | think these could be a fixture in the cities if the farmers are
       | willing to collect the urine. it's the dutch portable urinals.
       | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portable-toilet-Neth...
       | These can be bought from alibaba.
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | Sounds cleaner than Milorganite.
        
       | cluckindan wrote:
       | Transmissible prion diseases might become an issue. Prions do not
       | compost and they are very difficult to inactivate (denaturing the
       | misfolded protein is the only way)
        
       | em-bee wrote:
       | how is this any different from using manure? it's been used as
       | fertilizer for centuries, at least in europe, and it is still in
       | use today. do american farmers not do this?
        
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