[HN Gopher] Show HN: Bayleaf - Building a low-profile wireless s...
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       Show HN: Bayleaf - Building a low-profile wireless split keyboard
        
       Hey HN,  I built a wireless, split, ultra-low profile keyboard from
       scratch called Bayleaf. As a beginner I learned all things
       electronics, PCB-building, designing for manufacturing, and many
       other hardware-related skills to put this together.  This case
       study dives into the build process and of course the final result,
       hope you enjoy!
        
       Author : sgraz
       Score  : 458 points
       Date   : 2025-03-04 15:00 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.graz.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.graz.io)
        
       | mattpavelle wrote:
       | I love this. Well done. I've looked in the past for an ultra
       | portable full sized keyboard (with a nice aesthetic) that I could
       | throw in my pocket. I wonder if I could actually do any real work
       | (not coding, of course) at a coffee shop with my iPhone in a
       | stand and with a keyboard like that.
        
       | aredox wrote:
       | Nice write-up.
       | 
       | For something so thin, your soldering woes aren't surprising. The
       | standard way to manage that would have been to solder everything
       | in one go on a hot plate (reflow soldering).
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QarizoUnRfk
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | > reflow soldering
         | 
         | one of _the_ most satisfying things to watch
        
         | ghostly_s wrote:
         | This video features the exact same technique and hot plate that
         | was used here.
        
       | nickdichev wrote:
       | Really well done! Looks great
        
       | snide wrote:
       | This is beautiful. I'm a "Let's Split" style keyboarder as well
       | so this made me giddy! There's a distinct lack of solid cases out
       | there for this layout style.
       | 
       | You mention possibly mass producing the next round. Please add a
       | notify email list or something. I'd be all over this.
        
         | __mharrison__ wrote:
         | I think cases are the biggest issue with DIY keyboards.
         | 
         | The plastic laminate of my ergodoxen was stiff, sturdy, and
         | heavy. The exposed bolts were a little industrial. Very much
         | had a DIY look.
         | 
         | My Lily58 started out with the PCB "case" which is horrible.
         | Way too flexible, and switches falling out as soon as you
         | attempted to transport it. (Easy transport was my main
         | motivation for the smaller keyboard.)
         | 
         | Eventually, I was able to convince someone on Etsy to print me
         | a 3d case for it. It is ok. Much better than the PCBs. However,
         | switches still have a tendency to pop out when moving the
         | keyboard.
         | 
         | The case on the Bayleaf makes me wonder if other keyboards
         | could do a better job with case offerings.
         | 
         | I've always gone with wired keyboards because dealing with
         | batteries seems annoying.
         | 
         | Looking at this keyboard makes me realize that I've optimized
         | for functionality but this beauty is optimized for form.
        
           | jsheard wrote:
           | 3D printed cases do vary in quality quite a bit, something
           | made with a cheap consumer FDM printer won't be nearly as
           | nice as a resin SLA or nylon MJF/SLS case printed on an
           | industrial-grade machine and professionally finished. The
           | latter processes are pretty accessible these days from
           | companies like JLCPCB or PCBWay.
           | 
           | You can even get them to 3D print metal parts with an SLM
           | process, although that's on the pricier side.
        
           | Palomides wrote:
           | >do a better job with case offerings
           | 
           | for hobby businesses like most of these weird little
           | keyboards, adding $200 to the parts cost is a real stretch,
           | considering their already niche appeal and limited capital
           | for investment
        
             | __mharrison__ wrote:
             | Folks are already paying $200+ for these keyboards. Some
             | pay $50+ for a single keycap.
        
       | azthecx wrote:
       | Quite neat result and presentation! Can you estimate what did
       | your research and final product cost turn out to be?
        
       | nicksergeant wrote:
       | I've wanted this for years. I've tried so many "ergonomic"
       | mechanical keyboards, but the huge key travel (even if very soft
       | switches), tends to always give me finger/wrist issues over a few
       | weeks.
        
         | nicksergeant wrote:
         | >> Can I buy this keyboard? > Negative, this singular prototype
         | is not for sale.
         | 
         | :sobbing:
         | 
         | I hope someone builds / sells this! Instant buy for me, if so.
        
           | abound wrote:
           | But then, the next question down:
           | 
           | > Are you planning to sell this keyboard at scale?
           | 
           | > Dependent on the reception, likely yes. But it wont be
           | exactly this design. A second iteration is in the works with
           | improved sound profile and ergonomics. Stay tuned.
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | I had all those issues too, until I remembered my high school
         | typing class where the teacher would slap our wrists with a
         | ruler if they were resting. Now I lift my wrists like I was
         | taught, and use non-split keyboards with better results than I
         | used to get with splits.
        
         | unitexe wrote:
         | To reduce mouse hand travel I got a roller mouse pro slim about
         | 6 months ago. Not great for fine motor tasks but exceptional
         | for other general uses. Alleviated a lot of pain in my hands
         | and fingers.
         | 
         | I use this with a small slim keychron keyboard and with a
         | kinesis advantage 360.
         | 
         | The roller seems to be getting a bit sticky after 6 months of
         | heavy use and transporting it between work and home.
         | Nonetheless, would get another in a heartbeat.
         | 
         | Perhaps worth a look?
        
           | unitexe wrote:
           | I keep my Logitech MX close cause the infinite scroll is just
           | too damn good. But the MX kills my hands when using for
           | prolonged periods.
        
           | jacksontheel wrote:
           | Roller mice are great. I also set up my keyboard such that I
           | can hold down a key and use WASD to move my mouse, with J
           | being left click and K being right. That's been a game
           | changer for me, too.
        
         | lycopodiopsida wrote:
         | There is always Glove80, choc switches have very little travel.
        
           | jsheard wrote:
           | Eh, Choc switches have less travel than MX switches but I
           | wouldn't say they have very little travel. Chocs main selling
           | point is the form factor which allows the keyboard chassis to
           | be much thinner. MX switches usually have 4mm of travel, Choc
           | switches have 3mm, while the PG1316S switches used in OPs
           | keyboard only have 1.8mm. I think Apples current switches are
           | even shallower at ~1mm.
        
             | nicksergeant wrote:
             | Yeah. The travel on the Apple Magic Keyboard, which I can't
             | seem to pry myself away from, is around 1.15mm.
        
       | tomlong wrote:
       | This looks really good. As a happy ergodox-ez user of a few
       | years, I would buy one of these in a heartbeat.
        
       | zaruvi wrote:
       | Looks really nice. I do have my doubts about the ergonomics of it
       | though. Once you've had a taste of concavity and column-
       | staggering nothing else feels the same.
        
         | carb wrote:
         | That's how I feel about keyboard tilts away from a full
         | pronation/flat and towards a neutral position. Once I switched
         | to having a rotated split keyboard, my forearms and wrists felt
         | incredible, and I hadn't even considered them uncomfortable
         | before.
        
           | slama wrote:
           | I wonder if they could fit a simple flip-out stand for some
           | tilt without too many compromises
        
       | acc_297 wrote:
       | Looks really good
        
       | derac wrote:
       | "pain grid", Freudian slip? lol
        
       | 2wrist wrote:
       | This is gorgeous! well done.
        
       | wnolens wrote:
       | It's gorgeous. Impressive execution - looks like a polished
       | product from Apple.
        
       | egypturnash wrote:
       | Damn that's pretty.
        
       | whalesalad wrote:
       | Beautiful design, great execution. All-in-all this is a wonderful
       | project.
       | 
       | However... ever since transitioning to an ergonomic/curved
       | keyboard I don't think that I could ever go back to a traditional
       | layout, even moreso for ortholinear.
        
         | ge96 wrote:
         | I feel both ways, I use an apple wireless keyboard (flat) and a
         | Durgod Hades 68 (curved mech). I don't like the felt keycaps/no
         | letters on this one but yeah the build is amazing especially
         | saying they're a beginner damn.
         | 
         | edit: I'll note I prefer the 65-68% keyboards where it has the
         | dedicated arrow keys
        
       | hhheath wrote:
       | sensational. well done!
       | 
       | one feature I would really like to see is multi-device
       | connectivity/switching like the Logitech MX Keys. Outside of
       | that, this keyboard is my grail board. Looking forward to keeping
       | up with this project!
        
         | wucke13 wrote:
         | I think ZMK (available on the Nice!Nano) does exactly that
         | already?
        
       | memhole wrote:
       | Wouldn't even know it's not a professional product. Great write
       | up too
        
       | UI_at_80x24 wrote:
       | OP, congrats on the product and effort. _NOTHING_ beats
       | prototyping and building.
       | 
       | For other split-mechanical keyboards check out:
       | 
       | ZSA Voyager
       | 
       | Moergo Glove 80
        
         | w10-1 wrote:
         | Also, should you prioritize ergonomics over function or form,
         | the Kinesis Advantage 360 Professional
        
           | porkloin wrote:
           | Not sure if you're familiar with it, but Glove80 which the
           | parent comment you were replying to is very similar to
           | Kinesis boards (concave keywell, staggered columnar layout,
           | etc.) but leverages a lot of the open source stuff like ZMK
           | firmware that Kinesis doesn't support https://www.moergo.com/
           | 
           | Edit: nevermind, I just learned that the advantage360 pro
           | uses ZMK as well. Either way, they both seem like great
           | options for people who prioritize the ergonomics over
           | aesthetics :)
        
         | cole-k wrote:
         | Yeah this is awesome.
         | 
         | For keyboards really similar to OP's
         | 
         | The keyboard they were inspired by (not for sale... yet?):
         | https://old.reddit.com/r/ErgoMechKeyboards/comments/1cfg3vr/...
         | 
         | Corneish (out of stock): https://lowprokb.ca/products/corne-
         | ish-zen?variant=376943319... Unicorne:
         | https://new.boardsource.xyz/products/unicorne-LP
         | 
         | The corneish is an absolute gem in my opinion. It is possibly
         | (probably?) open-sourced too.
        
         | johncalvinyoung wrote:
         | less specifically like OP's, but a really great product that I
         | and a bunch of my coworkers use: the 'Ultimate Hacking
         | Keyboard' 60 (typically referred to as a UHK). I have mine with
         | the palmrest and the recent riser accessory, so I use it split
         | and tented for less wrist/forearm tension.
        
       | jacksontheel wrote:
       | This looks incredible, I was hoping when I clicked that it would
       | be ortholinear, pleasantly surprised it is! Probably about four
       | years ago I bought a ZSA Moonlander, and started learning Vim
       | keybindings right at the same time. My words per minute dropped
       | to 20 or something before climbing back and passing what it was
       | before. I couldn't ever go back.
        
       | gatkinso wrote:
       | Beautiful work, loved reading about your process.
        
       | __mharrison__ wrote:
       | Looks beautiful. Congrats. A jedi builds their own lightsaber...
       | 
       | (Typed on a Lily58)
        
       | seemaze wrote:
       | Bravo! You have elevated a honed tool to a truly engaging
       | artifact! I think the large challenge in design is mitigating the
       | breaking point between ruthless efficiency and endearing novelty.
       | 
       | I picked up a Let's Split v2[0] when it came out years ago and
       | never soldered it up.. maybe it's time!
       | 
       | [0]https://shop.beekeeb.com/product/lets-split-v2-keyboard-
       | pcb-...
        
       | voidUpdate wrote:
       | Why do no split keyboards have symbols on the keycaps? What
       | happens when you forget where a key is that you don't use often,
       | do you just have to press keys until you find it again?
        
         | varunneal wrote:
         | to support custom key mappings, as many people with fancy
         | ergonomic keyboards use
        
         | jsheard wrote:
         | Partly because they're a niche product and making legended
         | keycaps is more expensive, and partially because ergo layouts
         | are so varied that it's hard to accommodate everyone.
         | Especially if the keycap profile has different shapes for each
         | row so they're not entirely interchangeable.
         | 
         | There are a few low-profile legended keycap sets around but
         | they typically only cover the "top" layer, which is the easiest
         | to remember anyway. If you want legends which show every
         | function of every key you'd have to get them custom laser
         | etched to match your personal keymap.
        
         | amarant wrote:
         | I have the ultimate hackers keyboard (silly name, I know)
         | 
         | It's a really good split keyboard with symbols printed
         | (optional).
         | 
         | https://ultimatehackingkeyboard.com/
        
           | johncalvinyoung wrote:
           | I have two UHKs, one at work and one in my home office, and I
           | got my second one with blank keycaps. It's very satisfying.
           | 
           | At this point I'm very happy with UHK's layout and features,
           | but every once in a while I wonder if a low-profile wireless
           | 60% would be cool.
        
           | Syzygies wrote:
           | Their UKH 80 looks incredible.
           | 
           | Software is as critical as hardware: The UHK supports holding
           | a key down to select a different keymap layer, then using the
           | other hand to tap a key in that layer. While few people learn
           | many-key chording, "one finger each hand" is every bit as
           | easy as ordinary typing, with practice. This supports an n^2
           | expansion in effective keyboard reach. I'm surprised this
           | isn't the norm for selecting Chinese/Japanese characters.
           | 
           | The question is: How well? I'm not entirely happy with my QMK
           | firmware implementation. Tap-hold is the antithesis of n-key
           | rollover; one needs to learn to properly nest key-down, key-
           | up events. It's easy to switch from a clarinet (cleanly cover
           | holes) to a saxophone (slap pads), but hard switching back.
           | And we've all learned to type like we're on a saxophone,
           | relying on n-key rollover to cover many sins.
           | 
           | I now use QMK firmware with Hasu controllers for multiple
           | Leopold FC660C keyboards with Topre Silent 45g "rubber dome"
           | key switches. After trying dozens of mechanical key switches,
           | I found that nothing feels like a Topre switch.
           | 
           | And here's the kicker: The physical form factor doesn't
           | matter so much if your fingers rarely go far from home row,
           | which is what tap/hold facilitates.
        
             | nprateem wrote:
             | > The UHK supports holding a key down to select a different
             | keymap layer, then using the other hand to tap a key in
             | that layer.
             | 
             | How is that different to what QMK/ZMK offer?
        
         | klauserc wrote:
         | You can buy ZSA split keyboards with labels on the keycaps. Its
         | great while you are still learning to type on these rather
         | exotic keyboards. As you get more proficient, you start to rely
         | more and more on the "central" keys (using layers toggles to
         | put, say arrow keys on the home row). Muscle-memory is often
         | more than enough.
         | 
         | That said, I have kept the number row labelled. These keys are
         | not obscured by your hands and they can give you the necessary
         | frame of reference. The ideal trade-off for me.
        
         | nicholassmith wrote:
         | When I forget where I've stashed a specific symbol or similar I
         | just check the Via QMK configuration tool, similar to when
         | you're trying to learn the shortcut keys for a piece of
         | software. Eventually it's muscle-memory, but it's nice to have
         | a reference guide whilst you're building it.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | When I learned Dvorak I found a tiny picture of the layout
           | and stuffed it into a corner of my desktop. I didn't usually
           | have to look but sometimes.
           | 
           | I still forget where the symbols are regularly, which ends up
           | evening out my typing speed versus sticking with qwerty.
        
         | milch wrote:
         | Realistically you've got about 50 or so keys and you are using
         | all of them all the time, so you're not really forgetting where
         | anything is. Many also customize where symbols, media keys,
         | etc., are - so they are positioned where it makes most sense to
         | you. Outside of maybe a 2 week learning period I haven't needed
         | to look up where a key is at all
         | 
         | The other thing is that many keys will have multiple functions
         | - so what do you print on them? e.g. my j key also doubles as #
         | and the down key. Some are maybe even more frequently used key
         | combinations, e.g. I have a ``` and a => key
        
         | lawn wrote:
         | You can have symbols if you want.
         | 
         | It's just kind of unnecessary when you can just learn the
         | layout. It's not a big deal, I've used blank keycaps for almost
         | two decades across multiple different layouts.
        
         | ivanjermakov wrote:
         | All ergonomic mech keyboards running QMK/ZMK firmware are
         | programmable and most users prefer their custom key/layer
         | mapping over defaults.
        
         | 1-more wrote:
         | when you have so few keys, there are none that you don't use
         | often. When you customize your layout, you have keys that don't
         | really correspond to caps anyway, and you may want to mess
         | around with their values as you get used to it. Typed from my
         | Iris with key caps from an Apple Extended Keyboard II that look
         | nice and don't really tell the whole story for each key they're
         | on.
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | Just friction. All it takes is commitment to a particular
         | keymap and few minutes on a laser engraver, but that commitment
         | is not insignificant to builders.
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | Honestly, for mine it was because I didn't know what I wanted
         | the keys to do when I was making it. It took a few months to
         | settle on a layout, and even now I might still change it with
         | usage.
        
         | CountHackulus wrote:
         | I have a keyboardio Model 100 and it does have symbols on it.
         | Available in mac, windows, and blank iirc.
        
         | aendruk wrote:
         | > What happens when you forget where a key is
         | 
         | I ask myself where I expected it to be, then update the
         | keyboard accordingly. Eventually it doesn't happen anymore.
        
       | GordonS wrote:
       | Wow, it looks amazing!
       | 
       | I needed an enclosure for a project recently and went with
       | modifying a stock ABS enclosure - but I'd love to use machined
       | aluminium! You mentioned you're in the EU - did PCBway deliver
       | from the US, or from closer to home? Also, how much did the
       | enclosure cost please?
        
       | volemo wrote:
       | sgraz beat me to it! I'm working on an almost the same project
       | (thin, slick, aluminium, ortholinear). Guess I'll have someone to
       | look up to. (:
        
       | cbdumas wrote:
       | Very cool. Goes well with your Ghost S1 as well I see in the
       | background. I love mine, though I will say it's getting harder
       | and harder to find decent 2 slot GPUs.
        
         | noboostforyou wrote:
         | Ah, I was wondering if anyone else noticed the Louqe case in
         | the background. Legendary sffpc case, and I agree the custom
         | keyboard matches very nicely.
        
       | nakedneuron wrote:
       | What parametric CAD tool did you use? Thanks!
        
       | danielvaughn wrote:
       | Personal opinion, but I really don't get low-profile keyboards. I
       | always need a foam cushion for my palms, which means that a
       | normal profile always feels best for me. Low feels too low with a
       | cushion, and yet still feels too high without one.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | My take is that finger muscle are really different from person
         | to person, to a degree that can be surprising.
         | 
         | I might be at the other extreme end, but even typing on glass
         | doesn't bother me much, and laptop keyboards are a good
         | compromise to have just enough travel and not too much.
         | 
         | I tried a nuphy low profile and it was tiring after a while.
         | The thinkpad standalone trackpoint keyboard has been my go to
         | for a while, and tgis keyboard also looks great to me.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Squishy keyboards make the tendons on the backs of my hand
           | burn after a while. After Apple stopped producing their wired
           | keyboard, which I used for everything, I bought a bunch of
           | surplus ones and burned through them. I tried a few
           | knockoffs, several of which were close, and now I'm on the
           | wireless ones.
           | 
           | I was surprised as anyone when an Apple keyboard became my
           | gaming keyboard.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | Another opinion:
         | 
         | I want this keyboard to put on a bookshelf and never use, haha.
         | It is really nice looking. It sounds like it was an incredible
         | learning experience and making something so polished and
         | professional looking is a real accomplishment. But low profile,
         | no pads, ortho layout, and no tenting... my eyes ache for the
         | beauty of the thing but my hands just ache.
         | 
         | But anyway, ergonomics are personal so I can't really judge.
        
           | volemo wrote:
           | > ...low profile, no pads, ortho layout, and no tenting...
           | 
           | I agree with the tenting remark, I can understand the
           | preference against low profile, but I sincerely believe
           | ortholinear is way better for one's hands than staggered.
           | Maybe you mean it's a shame it's not columnar?
           | 
           | > ...ergonomics are personal...
           | 
           | Hear, hear!
        
         | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
         | I agree. It looks like with this it would be near impossible to
         | press the lower left/right keys with my palm, which is
         | something that helps take the load off my pinkies. It does look
         | like a fun project though.
        
           | volemo wrote:
           | Sorry for uninvited advice, but you really shouldn't be using
           | the keys in the corners for common actions (so common that
           | you have a need to take the load off you pinkies). Utilise
           | the CapsLock [1, 2]. (This key is so misbalanced in terms of
           | prime key estate to utility ratio!) Better yet, try using
           | home row modifiers [3].
           | 
           | [1]: https://wiki.c2.com/?RemapCapsLock
           | 
           | [2]: https://www.reddit.com/r/vim/comments/1442ads/mapping_ca
           | pslo...
           | 
           | [3]: https://mattgemmell.scot/home-row-mods/
        
         | exitb wrote:
         | It really depends on personal preferences. I find it best to
         | hover the wrists while typing and rest while idle. In such case
         | no palm rest paired with reasonably low profile works best.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | I know what you mean, but there's also a big difference between
         | _key_ height and _keyboard_ height.
         | 
         | There's also a common misconception that it's ergonomic to
         | angle a keyboard "upward" (elevating the back of the keyboard),
         | when correct ergonomics is actually to angle the keyboard
         | _downwards_ (elevate the front).
         | 
         | See if you have a long object a little shorter than your foam
         | cushion that you can scotch tape to the bottom of the front of
         | a low-profile Apple keyboard, so that you still use the foam
         | cushion but the front of the keyboard is at the same level as
         | the cushion, and then angles downwards.
         | 
         | And then you get the advantages of the short key travel, which
         | just means your fingers move less and so there's less
         | force/strain.
         | 
         | You may find it shockingly comfortable!
        
           | luqtas wrote:
           | keyboard upward or downward angulation depends on your wrist
           | support, arm position/chair height... what's optimal and
           | generic to suggest because how our upper extremity muscles
           | are, (at least for mouse but i think it can work for
           | keyboards too) [0] is having it sides angled from 20deg up to
           | 30deg, subjective exprience also plays a role
           | 
           | you can easily find MX switches that have equal or +- 0.5mm
           | travel lenght as low-profiles ones... which considering how
           | thin PCB (and even handwired) flat keyboards are, i can't see
           | the point unless you are supporting your arms in the same
           | table your keyboard is! i rather have my arms floating so i
           | can use shoulder and elbow movement for distant keys other
           | than wrist movements but who cares :P
           | 
           | [0] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00
           | 036...
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | > _keyboard upward or downward angulation depends on..._
             | 
             | It doesn't. But to clarify: it should always be downwards
             | _relative to your forearm_. And your forearm should be
             | generally be about horizontal (or a little bit downwards is
             | OK too).
             | 
             | A keyboard that is angled upwards puts constant strain on
             | the top of your wrist. There are no circumstances where
             | this is a good thing (assuming you don't have
             | injury/disability that requires other accommodations).
             | 
             | Also, your link is about mice not keyboards, and about
             | angling mice _sideways_. It has no relevance to angling
             | keyboards _up /down_. (But yes, "vertical" mice, that are
             | angled in reality, are much better too.)
        
               | luqtas wrote:
               | various resources from universities recommend having your
               | forearm angled between 90-120deg, which if it's > 90deg,
               | an front angulation doesn't make sense at all... [0]
               | 
               | > Also, your link is about mice not keyboards, and about
               | angling mice sideways
               | 
               | the author points out another research, i should have
               | linked it instead of that one [1]... but it's about the
               | ideal slanted angle considering how our muscles are
               | structured; the author even cites that suggestions as
               | something not taking relative preferences, which is
               | totally fair as some people may use their computers for a
               | short time in very awkward positions and that's fine
               | 
               | [0] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii
               | /S10506...
               | 
               | [1] yet about mouse but please take your time to read
               | what's was typed in the paper regarding the slant angle
               | suggestion -- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/artic
               | le/abs/pii/S02680...
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | > _recommend having your forearm angled between
               | 90-120deg_
               | 
               | That's what I said ("your forearm should be generally be
               | about horizontal (or a little bit downwards is OK too)").
               | Never upward.
               | 
               | > _which if it 's > 90deg, an front angulation doesn't
               | make sense at all._
               | 
               | If you want a 10deg downwards angle on the keyboard
               | relative to your forearm and your forearm is 5deg
               | upwards, then your keyboard _still_ needs 5deg downward
               | relative to your desk. If your desk is so high that your
               | forearms are angled up 20deg from the horizontal, then
               | something is _extremely_ wrong with your chair /desk
               | height.
               | 
               | And your first link supports exactly what I wrote:
               | 
               | > _The natural position of your hands with respect to the
               | relative vertical position at the wrist is along the
               | plane or below it (i.e. you want the tips of your fingers
               | to be at the same height as your wrist or preferably
               | slightly lower). When your hand rises above this plane
               | (making the hand signal for 'STOP'), this is called
               | dorsiflexion or wrist extension. This greatly reduces
               | blood flow through the wrist and can quickly cause pain,
               | fatigue and numbness. Most keyboards have a 'foot'
               | located at the back of the keyboard which is not
               | desirable as it creates a positively inclined keyboarding
               | surface. Many articulating arms offer the option of a
               | negative inclination, which will make the entire work
               | surface slope away from you, ensuring that your hands are
               | not 'bent' upward at the wrist._
               | 
               | And I don't know why you've added another link about
               | sideways mouse slant. That has nothing to do with up-down
               | keyboard/arm angle. If there's some relevant sentence in
               | it, please quote it, because I can find nothing relevant
               | in the publicly available text.
               | 
               | You ask me to "please take your time to read" -- I
               | suggest you take the time to re-read your own first link.
               | It makes clear there is _no_ situation where a keyboard
               | angled upwards (the back of the keyboard elevated) is
               | good ergonomics -- exactly what I said.
        
               | luqtas wrote:
               | you are right, i always considered the front of the
               | keyboard what you considered the back, sorry for this
               | (and by the way, i changed the link to a more generic one
               | citing the variation of 90deg -> 120deg i typed of one
               | easily finding by surfing the internet)
               | 
               | on the 2deg paper, > Among the five tested mice, the
               | 25deg or 30deg slanted mice caused lower muscle activity
               | and more neutral working postures for ECU, Trap and PT
               | muscles.
               | 
               | these muscles are also used during keyboard usage. slant
               | angle is always suggested on ergonomic research, as our
               | arms muscles are tensioned/twisted when using a flat
               | keyboard/mouse... you can easily find research pointing
               | slant angle on ergonomic keyboards but the research i
               | pointed out is interesting as the author actually studied
               | which is the optimal angle based on our anatomy (there's
               | tension/forces on greater slant angles to maintain the
               | posture, as there aren't surfaces to support our hand)
               | and not on individual preference
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | No worries! Just trying to save people from wrist pain.
               | :)
               | 
               | And yes -- slanting the keyboard that way is usually
               | called keyboard _tenting_. Also highly recommended, but
               | difficult to implement in practice because it requires an
               | even lower base for the keyboard, and there aren 't many
               | good accessories out there for it, sadly...
               | 
               | I'm still waiting for someone to sell a cheap kit for
               | angling keyboards downwards _and_ implementing tenting.
               | It 's kind of complex to do both at once...
        
         | lsaferite wrote:
         | As a low-profile keyboard zealot, I'm trying to imagine why
         | you'd need a foam pad under your palm. But maybe I'm odd. My
         | entire forearm rests on my desk and supports my arm weight so
         | nothing is pushing down on my hands. Then my hands flow
         | directly over the LP keyboard without any appreciable bend in
         | my wrist.
        
       | klauserc wrote:
       | Fantastically beautiful keyboard!
       | 
       | Keyboards are such a good hobby project. The scope is
       | comparatively small, yet within that scope you get in contact
       | with many different and highly interesting subjects and
       | challenges. And you can more or less pick and choose, which ones
       | you engage with (wireless vs wired, soldering vs hand-wired,
       | custom firmware vs. ZMK/QMK, split vs. traditional).
        
       | EWiggins wrote:
       | Curious about the model of the monitor arm seen in the
       | background?
        
       | mouse_ wrote:
       | Sans stagger sans ergonomics is a tough sell.
        
       | rpmisms wrote:
       | Looks like something I would pay $150 for, or $120 if I had to
       | assemble it myself.
        
         | asoneth wrote:
         | > Looks like something I would pay $150 for
         | 
         | That's useful market information, but note that in the "How
         | much did it cost?" section he points out that the BOM is ~$400
         | not including labor, tools, or shipping. Going from extremely
         | low-volume to moderately low-volume might reduce material cost
         | slightly, but I'd still expect him to have to charge at least
         | $400 just to break even.
         | 
         | More generally, I've never seen a low-volume split wireless
         | keyboard for less than $200 and the closest in design I can
         | think of would be https://lowprokb.ca/products/corne-ish-zen
         | which had a base price of $320 _before_ pricing in keyswitches
         | or keycaps.
         | 
         | It's totally reasonable that this is your price point and
         | everyone is different -- some people would never pay more than
         | a hundred bucks for a keyboard, whereas I have a couple
         | keyboards that are more expensive than the computers they're
         | connected to.
        
           | rpmisms wrote:
           | I am also a keyboard snob, and have far more expensive
           | keyboards. Mass manufacturing drastically lowers costs, and a
           | price point goal is super useful for group buys, which I have
           | run before. It is useful data.
           | 
           | I'm also talking about PCB + case only. The case is the
           | biggest cost driver here, a simple FRT plate case would make
           | my kit price reasonable with a healthy margin
        
       | geokon wrote:
       | First time seeing a low profile keyboard on par with a magic
       | keyboard. Actually would fit in a bag :)
       | 
       | Usually "low profile" is used generously in mechanical keyboard
       | land
        
       | jacobevelyn wrote:
       | This is the keyboard I've been hoping Apple would make for years!
       | I've currently got a UHK 60 but would probably switch to this if
       | I could buy it. Especially if it had the standard Apple keyboard
       | layout so my fingers don't need to relearn things like arrow keys
       | and cmd like when I switch between the UHK and MacBook keyboard.
        
         | SJMG wrote:
         | Yes. Agreed.
        
       | regularfry wrote:
       | The unsung hero here is probably the nice!nano. Such a good
       | little board. I've made my own split keyboard around them and it
       | just makes so many things I thought I'd have to think about Go
       | Away.
        
         | jsheard wrote:
         | The nice!nano gets the job done but it's _really_ expensive for
         | what 's ultimately just an nRF52 dev board in the ubiquitous
         | Pro Micro form factor. They're $25 a pop and you need two for a
         | split board, while you can get generic nRF52 Pro Micros on
         | AliExpress for about $3.50 each.
         | 
         | It's the same story with RP2040 Pro Micros for wired QMK
         | builds, there's a huge "keyboard tax" if you get the ones
         | marketed for that purpose.
        
       | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
       | Unlike the author, I consider wireless to be a dealbreaker.
       | Technology barely works, no way I am letting radio quality stand
       | between me and the computer. Same reason I require a wired
       | microphone.
       | 
       | Also add the atrocious security record of HID, and I assume
       | wireless typing is easily intercepted.
        
       | roetlich wrote:
       | Looks awesome! This with a small carrying case would be amazing.
       | Maybe the space next to the keys could be a kind of small touch
       | pad used for scrolling?
        
       | w10-1 wrote:
       | For next iteration, consider integrating trackpads?
       | 
       | Moving to the mouse and back is pain enough that people go all-in
       | on keyboard-only interfaces.
       | 
       | I velcroed a trackpad to the middle of a Kinesis Advantage. Now I
       | use either hand for the mouse, and even stretch a finger or thumb
       | to the pad without leaving the keys. The movement is little
       | different from using the keyboard.
       | 
       | But for split keyboard, you'd need one trackpad for each side,
       | and in dimensions not readily available. hmm.
        
         | JeremyBarbosa wrote:
         | So happy to read this because I don't see it mentioned often
         | enough.
         | 
         | I have a ErgoDox EZ, and I still prefer using my Framework 13
         | (with Kanata![0]) because having my thumbs navigate the
         | trackpad is so convenient even with a keyboard-driven setup.
         | 
         | [0] https://github.com/jtroo/kanata
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | I put a trackball (Kensington Expert Mouse) in between the
         | keyboard halves. With tenting it can nestle in quite close.
        
       | flyingpenguin wrote:
       | I have been working on a very similar build.
       | 
       | One feature I decided was a requirement is holding me up. I
       | really want pogo pins on the sides of the keyboards, so that they
       | magnetically attach and the left will charge the right.
       | 
       | How do you charge the left and the right since they require
       | separate cables?
        
         | bb88 wrote:
         | That doesn't seem to hard to do. They sell the connectors on
         | amazon.
         | 
         | https://www.amazon.com/Magnetic-Connector-Positions-Pogopin-...
         | 
         | Each battery should probably have their own charging circuit
         | anyway. So the pogo pins should be 5V and ground coming
         | directly from the USB 5V line.
        
       | nashashmi wrote:
       | My niche idea: Being a CAD user with one hand on the mouse and
       | the other on a one-handed keyboard would be a charm.
        
       | volemo wrote:
       | Could you share the name of the battery you used?
        
       | shawnz wrote:
       | Aside: What's that mouse pictured in the second pic?
        
         | Kovah wrote:
         | Would like to know that as well. At least GPT doesn't recognize
         | it. Maybe it's a custom build, too?
        
       | goodpoint wrote:
       | That's really not ergonomic.
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | Why do you think that? Split keyboards are considerably more
         | ergonomic than regular keyboards.
        
       | HHalvi wrote:
       | Ever since I saw this video[1] by Dave2D I have felt the need to
       | move away from my regular mechanical keyboards to Ortholinear
       | keyboards. Non split keyboards seemed too much of a hassle and
       | Bayleaf looks like something I can totally switch to. If only
       | someone built a DIY kit that I could buy off shelves.
       | 
       | 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVfB_0s470I
        
       | doubleyou wrote:
       | Looking forward to stagger/more thumbs in the next one! magnet
       | batteries also sound very cool. and if they could sandwich
       | eachother protectively for packing/traveling wow
        
       | Executor wrote:
       | Criticism: - Non-standard layout - Where's the arrow keys block?
       | Insert/delete/home/end/pgup/pgdown block? - Non-staggered keys
       | makes it hard to type due to mistyping on the wrong row
       | 
       | Questions: - Do you have nkey rollover? - Would you accept
       | "optional" wires? Note: gaming requires fast response times. Hell
       | even programming/writing sucks when there's key lag.
        
         | striking wrote:
         | I actually don't think I'll be going back to a staggered
         | keyboard. Ortholinear layouts make setting up layers a lot
         | easier, which gives you the ability to set up momentary arrow
         | key or cursor movement blocks.
         | 
         | ZMK supports N-key rollover and layers.
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | I mean, if you're going to design and build a keyboard only for
         | yourself all from scratch, why would you expect a standard
         | layout? The whole thing is bespoke to you.
        
         | 6SixTy wrote:
         | Ortholinear is a standard but non-orthodox layout for
         | keyboards. And when you see 60%, it means you are getting only
         | the main alphanumeric section with esc often smushed into what
         | would otherwise be the ~/` key.
         | 
         | With 60% keyboards, you are often using modifier layers baked
         | into the keyboards' firmware to get back your function keys and
         | your control block like page up
        
         | cbm-vic-20 wrote:
         | > Where's the arrow keys block?
         | Insert/delete/home/end/pgup/pgdown block?
         | 
         | In the nav layer. One popular layout of split keyboards is two
         | 3x5 grids of keys with 3 thumb buttons. With this
         | configuration, it is common to map modifier keys to the home
         | row keys, activated when they are held down. Likewise, for
         | numbers, symbols, navigation, a thumb key is held down to
         | activate that layer. Your fingers never have to stretch more
         | than one key-length away.
         | 
         | Miryoku is a popular implmentation of this. It looks crazy, but
         | you can get used to it really quickly, or alter it to your own
         | taste.
         | 
         | https://github.com/manna-harbour/miryoku
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | The part of my brain that never stopped playing Tetris notices
       | that if you had striped the color variations left to right
       | instead of top to bottom you'd have a more uniform color
       | variation. And if you's put half the dark and half the light on
       | each side then the gradient would look more purposeful.
       | 
       | But you also probably should have printed 2x as many keys and
       | split them up for making two copies.
        
       | jabart wrote:
       | First it looks amazing. Honest question, why do all of these
       | keyboards never have an extra column on the right. Standard
       | querty layout has a lot of coding related extra keys to the right
       | than the left. Similar with the ergodox ez and moonlander. Hard
       | to break a years long habit of going up for a curly brace or
       | bracket then down.
        
         | azthecx wrote:
         | It really tends to be because the philosophy of homerow /
         | economy of movement is quite high on the split / ergo keyboard
         | communities, combined with the ease of creating temporary
         | layers (imagine you had multiple programmable shift buttons).
        
       | jjcm wrote:
       | Beautiful build, and very close to my dream keyboard. Excited to
       | see the v2 of this.
       | 
       | Great writeup as well - thanks for sharing!
        
       | nonethewiser wrote:
       | It's a very impressive accomplishment. Nice job and you should be
       | proud.
       | 
       | My main reaction when seeing this was "this is not for me." In
       | terms of the layout, no labels, etc. I'm actually surprised to
       | see how many people seemingly have no problem with this.
        
       | aylmao wrote:
       | The grid layout makes this look so futuristic (and anime [1]). It
       | looks very cool, though I wonder how long it'd take to get used
       | to one, having only ever typed on staggered layouts.
       | 
       | [1] https://gifer.com/es/BFCV
        
         | squigz wrote:
         | I was taught to touch-type on a standard QWERTY keyboard at a
         | very young age. I picked up an Ergodox EZ after nearly 20 years
         | of that. It unfortunately took me at least a couple years
         | before I was 100% again - probably 6 months to a year to get
         | "used" to it and not mistype keys regularly.
         | 
         | They're worth it though!
        
         | isaacaggrey wrote:
         | I think other commenters are overstating the change from
         | staggered to columnar. I type just fine (100 WPM+) going
         | between my Moonlander (split keyboard from ZSA) and my
         | Lenovo/Macbook (typical staggered layouts).
         | 
         | In hindsight, the biggest issue I ran into switching keyboards
         | was that I was too ambitious playing around with the key
         | configuration. The configurability is a big draw but I took for
         | granted that I had already built up years of natural tendency
         | for certain things - which thumb I use for space, preferences
         | for Ctrl/Alt/Command/Option, for Shift, etc.
         | 
         | The default for these keyboards probably don't 100% align with
         | what you're used to, so you should directly map what you're
         | doing currently over to the keymap of the keyboard and then you
         | can fiddle with making it yours over time.
         | 
         | I will say that if you're not already a touch typer, then a
         | split keyboard is not going to help and it will be more
         | difficult to get used to.
         | 
         | edit: also, if anything, going columnar _helped_ me actually
         | consistently hit number keys!
        
         | ciberado wrote:
         | tl;dr: don't be afraid of trying it.
         | 
         | In my case, going from a regular keyboard to a split one like
         | he Raise[1] took me 10 minutes of adaption time. My second
         | split one was (is) a columnar (the Defy[2]), and I must confess
         | that the adaption time was something like three days. Mostly
         | because I kept failing to correctly push a few keys (like the
         | C). Now I can indistinctly work with a columnar or a stagged
         | one with zero problem. In fact, I usually use both types many
         | days.
         | 
         | That said, I thought that the change would make me feel more
         | comfortable, but to be honest in my case the difference is not
         | big at all.
         | 
         | [1] https://dygma.com/pages/dygma-raise-2
         | 
         | [2] https://dygma.com/pages/defy
        
       | numbers wrote:
       | wow! the design is so simple. if you were selling this, I would
       | be throwing my money at you right now!!
        
       | tquinn wrote:
       | My ideal keyboard would be taking a Magic keyboard (in black or
       | space gray) and splitting it into two. This is the closest I have
       | seen. I'm too committed to a standard layout to go ortho linear
       | at this point, but I admit it looks the most sleek and modern for
       | sure.
        
       | crazygringo wrote:
       | I always wanted Apple to make a split keyboard.
       | 
       | Then I realized I could just buy two Magic Keyboards and use them
       | at the same time -- typing on the left half of the left one, and
       | the right half of the right one.
       | 
       | After all, the proper ergonomic position is for your forearms to
       | be parallel (not angled inward), which means the keyboard halves
       | you're using should be approximately shoulder-width apart, so
       | there's _tons_ of room to use both without them colliding.
       | 
       | Once I figured it out, I felt like an idiot for not figuring it
       | out a decade earlier. I'm never going back.
        
         | Luc wrote:
         | Can you use modifier keys spanning the two keyboards? E.g.
         | shift on the left, and a letter on the right to type a capital?
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | Yup. Though I think I may have had to install (free)
           | Karabiner to enable that:
           | 
           | https://karabiner-elements.pqrs.org/
           | 
           | So I'll e.g. page down by holding Fn on the left keyboard and
           | down arrow on the right.
        
         | MarcelOlsz wrote:
         | I knew I shouldn't have opened HN this morning. I just scraped
         | 3 hours off my morning trying to get this to work but my typing
         | accuracy took an absolute nosedive.
        
       | HelloUsername wrote:
       | Typical Amsterdam street
        
       | ddejohn wrote:
       | The link when you mention Mikefive's post only goes to the
       | subreddit, not a specific post. Searching for "Mikefive" on
       | reddit yielded a lot of results. I'd love to see the specific
       | post you were referring to.
       | 
       | Beautiful keyboard.
       | 
       | Sent from my Allium58 Low Profile :D
        
       | donio wrote:
       | Do the two sides communicate with each other or do they act as
       | independent devices?
        
       | maltalex wrote:
       | Nice work, very impressive! What software did you use to create
       | the design? Any recommendations for CAD and PCB design newbies?
        
       | halayli wrote:
       | Great work! Maybe in the next iteration try adding a lite haptic
       | tracking device(or similar) on the inner sides.
        
       | NetOpWibby wrote:
       | Not my kind of keyboard style but damn this looks nice
        
       | elromulous wrote:
       | "Sans stagger -- I'm not against stagger, I just love the neat
       | look of a _pain_ [sic] rectangle.  "
       | 
       | What an apt typo :)
        
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