[HN Gopher] Repairable Flatpack Toaster
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Repairable Flatpack Toaster
        
       Author : t-3
       Score  : 770 points
       Date   : 2025-03-03 21:19 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.kaseyhou.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.kaseyhou.com)
        
       | MisterTea wrote:
       | This brings a smile to my face after just rough assembling laser
       | cut sheet AL which forms the enclosure for a water circulating
       | pump system I built. Same style of raw sheet metal and external
       | screws. It just needs to work and look decent.
       | 
       | edit: I'd buy one of these.
        
       | kibwen wrote:
       | I hope the comments here don't end up quibbling about the
       | practicality or economics of this toaster specifically, because
       | the point here is the process. This project involves reverse
       | engineering, designing from scratch, manufacturing, developing
       | beginner-accessible documentation, and performing real-world user
       | studies. We should be encouraging people to do more of this!
        
         | josephwegner wrote:
         | But I am actually interested in the economics! The author
         | mentions sending her designs out to a factory - I would expect
         | this is astonishingly expensive for a single prototype!
         | Wouldn't that be thousands of dollars? Is anyone familiar how
         | to get good factory-made parts like this at DIY budgets?
         | 
         | Not that that takes away from the article at all. This project
         | has many merits, and although cost may not be one of them, it's
         | still interesting!
        
           | eitally wrote:
           | No, it wouldn't cost thousands. There are plenty of shops
           | that specialize in prototypes and small pilot runs and
           | there's nothing complicated about the design or material of
           | this product.
        
           | jdietrich wrote:
           | SendCutSend offer surprisingly inexpensive sheet metal parts
           | in single quantities.
           | 
           | https://sendcutsend.com/
        
             | Beijinger wrote:
             | I have ordered stuff here: https://www.schaeffer-ag.de/en/
        
             | stevage wrote:
             | Whoa that looks really fun.
             | 
             | Great website, love the video demo of using the siet.
        
               | _whiteCaps_ wrote:
               | They're a great service. I've done some laser cut
               | aluminum bits for projects, and the quality is fantastic.
        
             | bruckie wrote:
             | OSH Cut (https://oshcut.com/) provides similar services.
             | Their automated DFM analysis software is pretty impressive.
             | 
             | Perhaps more interesting to the audience here is that Caleb
             | Chamberlain, the CEO (and a college acquaintance of mine),
             | writes a series of articles about running the business for
             | the trade publication The Fabricator. You can find them
             | here: https://www.thefabricator.com/author/caleb-
             | chamberlain. He covers both business (operations, strategy)
             | and technical aspects of running a highly automated small
             | job metal fabrication shop.
        
           | rtsang1 wrote:
           | It looks like off the shelf electronics with custom sheet
           | metal parts.
           | 
           | Are far as low volume prototyping goes, sheet metal is as
           | cost efficient as it gets for large metal parts. If you're
           | sourcing from China, I'd estimate 500 bucks per prototype
           | (with two sets in case one breaks).
        
           | nancyminusone wrote:
           | I build things like this in similarly low quantity - you are
           | probably looking at a grand or two toaster kit there, 95% of
           | which is the custom parts - if it was done locally. The time
           | for someone else to do it is what your paying for. It can be
           | done exceptionally cheap in dollars if YOU do it, but you'll
           | still pay with your time, and you'll still need machine
           | access.
           | 
           | Cheap and easy "factory" quality is probably PCBWAY or
           | similar in China - they do more than PCBs these days. Call it
           | "prototype" budget - several hundred dollars of parts instead
           | of thousands.
        
             | AlotOfReading wrote:
             | My experience is that PCBWay and similar usually offer
             | _better_ quality than doing it yourself. They get their
             | costs down by automating everything they can. They 're
             | usually competitive at initial samples than many of the big
             | houses too for essentially the same reason.
        
             | TylerE wrote:
             | The other big insight here is that often making 50 doesn't
             | cost much more than making 1, as much of the cost will be
             | in programming and setup charges, not actually running the
             | part. Sheet steel is pretty cheap, too.
        
           | michaelmior wrote:
           | > sending his designs out
           | 
           | sending _her_ designs out
        
             | josephwegner wrote:
             | Thank you. It's too late to edit, but goodness am I
             | embarrassed now. Very sorry, Kasey!
        
               | dang wrote:
               | I've taken the liberty of doing a s/his/her/ in your
               | comment above; I hope that's ok.
               | 
               | (Edit: er, I mean s/ his/ her/. The thises are all
               | intact.)
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | It all depends on what you ask the factory to do.
           | 
           | This project seems to take its heating elements, clockwork
           | timer and knob from a classic Dualit 2 Slice toaster - so
           | those parts are all available off-the-shelf.
           | 
           | Other than that, this design needs some laser cut and bent
           | metal, and some wooden feet. If you're able to bend the metal
           | yourself and find some off-the-shelf feet, you could probably
           | get the flat sheets of stainless steel laser cut and shipped
           | for less than $100.
           | 
           | On the other hand, if one wanted a factory to do more
           | demanding production processes, with more worker time or more
           | machine setup - you're right that it would cost a good deal
           | more.
        
             | MobiusHorizons wrote:
             | There are also services that can do the sheet metal bending
             | for you if you have the cad designed. Of course shipping
             | can get pricey, but I think it's not prohibitively
             | expensive.
        
             | tomgp wrote:
             | On the subject of Dualit toasters: I've picked several up
             | on the street over the years, cleaned them up and replaced
             | a few parts (heating elements and/ or timers) and for about
             | PS10 effectively had a new toaster to give away/ sell.
             | Dualit toasters aren't the best but I wholeheartedly
             | recomend them from the point of view of DIY repair and
             | maintainence. Our current model is 20 years old this year.
        
               | crispyambulance wrote:
               | Yeah, the knob and the lack of automated pop-out made me
               | think that they at least deeply evaluated dualit models.
               | I have 2 dualits. Both inherited, both well over 20 years
               | old. There really is not much to repair with these
               | things.
               | 
               | I will say the OP's design looks cool, it's certainly an
               | interesting exercise and portfolio item.
        
               | Retr0id wrote:
               | The last one I picked up off the street had no problems
               | whatsoever, except for the fact that the power cord had
               | been cut off. Presumably someone had cut it off
               | deliberately, which is infuriating - but hey, free
               | toaster.
        
               | Suppafly wrote:
               | >Presumably someone had cut it off deliberately
               | 
               | People usually do that to specifically indicate that it
               | has a problem of some sort, so someone else doesn't
               | assume it's working. Although with a toaster, just the
               | act of flipping it around to cut the cord might dislodge
               | whatever toast bits were causing it to smoke and such in
               | the first place.
        
               | reeddavid wrote:
               | In my experience, desperate people cut the cords off of
               | perfectly good appliances to sell the copper as scrap.
               | Copper wire fetches something like ~$1/lb as scrap. It's
               | infuriating when they cut it right at the connection to
               | the appliance, making it too time consuming to test.
               | 
               | A label of "Broken" or "Works" or "Missing X" is so much
               | more helpful for appliances left out.
        
               | Suppafly wrote:
               | Good point, if it was just sitting by the curb, a metal
               | scraper might have just cut the cord instead of taking
               | the whole thing. I've noticed that different scrapers
               | have different criteria for what they'll take. Some will
               | take the whole thing and break it down or just sell it as
               | unsorted metal and others are more particular and will
               | pick through and just take what they know they can get
               | the most/easiest money for.
        
               | organsnyder wrote:
               | I once had to cut the power cord off of an appliance (a
               | dehumidifier, in this case) as part of the process to
               | claim a recall. They company didn't want me to ship back
               | the entire unit (annoying, but understandable given the
               | weight of it), but they wanted to ensure that it wouldn't
               | still be used, since it was recalled for being a fire
               | risk.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | I'm like this with Mazzer grinders. It's a niche kink,
               | but I'm addicted to them.
               | 
               | People claim they break, but I'm yet to find one that
               | wasn't fixed fairly easily. With the intention of
               | selling, I sand and paint them. But then they are so
               | beautiful I can't.
               | 
               | Best are the models 'Major' and above. The air vents look
               | so good. Who needs to grind 20kgs of beans per day? Not
               | me, but I can do this 5 or 6 times over.
        
           | sizzle wrote:
           | Isn't this the perfect type of project/product for
           | Kickstarter?
        
             | serviceberry wrote:
             | Perfect in what sense? Kickstarter is useful if you're
             | thinking of doing something capital-intensive and need
             | money and customers beforehand. This comes with downsides:
             | deadlines, shipping, cranky customers, etc.
             | 
             | This is a hobby project and there's nothing to suggest that
             | the author wants to get in the business of selling toasters
             | for a living... or that it would be wise for them to do so.
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | The target, though, is particularly bad.
         | 
         | My parents literally have a toaster from the 70s that they
         | still use. I have a toaster I bought 20 years ago. Toasters
         | (usually) don't have e-waste. They are incredibly simple
         | machines that are easy to buy without so much as a single
         | diode. That's because they are really simply just a box with
         | heating elements.
         | 
         | If you want to battle e-waste like the article suggests, maybe
         | pick a product that doesn't already have a 50-year service life
         | without the need for repairs.
        
           | hatthew wrote:
           | Modern toasters are generally way less reliable than older
           | toasters. I think it is very difficult to buy a new toaster
           | today that you can be confident will have a 50-year lifespan.
        
             | turnsout wrote:
             | Also true, but how many people are buying toasters in 2025?
             | I would bet that air fryers and toaster ovens outsell
             | toasters 10:1.
             | 
             | Still, I think this is a great portfolio piece. The
             | designer should keep going, and amass a little collection
             | of simple repairable appliances.
        
               | davidmurdoch wrote:
               | Me! I bought one last year.
        
               | esseph wrote:
               | Ours died and I just bought a new 4 slice toaster to
               | replace it.
               | 
               | I haven't seen a toaster oven big enough for my family,
               | and we otherwise have an excellent oven with convection
               | features.
        
               | mhb wrote:
               | How big is your family? A normal Breville toaster oven
               | can hold 4 slices. And there are bigger ones.
        
               | ajb wrote:
               | Not everyone has a big American kitchen where you can try
               | new appliances and not worry about space. I've been
               | thinking about getting an air fryer but it's not an easy
               | decision because I'd have to remove something else that I
               | use; and I know others in the same position.
               | 
               | It wouldn't replace the toaster, because that fits on the
               | windowsill and an air fryer would not.
        
               | mc3301 wrote:
               | yeah, our toast is toasted in a frying pan.
               | 
               | Tiny kitchen here. I'd like to try an air-fryer, but for
               | now my one table-top appliance is a instant pot. It is
               | used daily.
        
               | turnsout wrote:
               | I hear you--I also have a tiny kitchen, but there
               | happened to be a carveout for a microwave, which we
               | replaced with a toaster oven. But I grill all my bread on
               | the frying pan, because it this is the objectively
               | superior method. :)
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Isn't an air fryer already the poster child of a "can't
               | have a regular oven because I have no space in the
               | kitchen, I'm renting the apartment, or both" appliance?
        
               | regularfry wrote:
               | I'm lucky enough to have space for both. They do
               | different jobs - there's overlap, obviously, but I don't
               | bake bread in the airfryer and I don't cook chicken wings
               | in the oven.
        
               | Suppafly wrote:
               | >Isn't an air fryer already the poster child of a "can't
               | have a regular oven because I have no space in the
               | kitchen, I'm renting the apartment, or both" appliance?
               | 
               | I suppose it's that for some people but everyone I know
               | with one also has a fullsized oven. They are used for
               | different purposes and often you don't want to heat up
               | your whole oven to warm up some fries for 10 minutes.
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | But that's the whole point.
               | 
               | A toaster does only one thing and takes up space.
               | 
               | An air fryer or toaster oven does lots of things, and
               | also makes toast.
               | 
               | That's why toaster oven makes very little sense for
               | anyone _except_ if they have a  "big American kitchen"
               | and want to fill their countertop.
        
               | rnewme wrote:
               | I just bought one today, heh.
        
               | protocolture wrote:
               | I bought one in 2017, lasted 2 years before 1 of the
               | heating elements died. We struggled along with 2/4 slices
               | until we replaced it during covid with a 2 slice toaster.
               | I dont really trust its going to last 50 years or
               | whatever.
        
               | alias_neo wrote:
               | Depends where you're from. Lots of people use toasters in
               | the UK.
               | 
               | I'm due to buy a new one, because the supposedly decent
               | one I bought less than 5 years ago isn't toasting
               | properly, and either burns the toast or does nothing
               | despite adjusting the dial.
        
               | tomgp wrote:
               | Every single kitchen I've ever visited in the UK has a
               | toaster and a kettle. Just because things aren't popular
               | in the US...
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | Are air fryers and toaster ovens not popular in the UK?
               | 
               | If you have one of those, they (can) replace your
               | toaster.
        
               | Suppafly wrote:
               | >Also true, but how many people are buying toasters in
               | 2025? I would bet that air fryers and toaster ovens
               | outsell toasters 10:1.
               | 
               | More houses probably have toasters than all the others
               | combined, but toasters don't really wear out all that
               | often. You buy one for $10 when you setup your household
               | and it lasts a decade or more.
        
             | Suppafly wrote:
             | >Modern toasters are generally way less reliable than older
             | toasters. I think it is very difficult to buy a new toaster
             | today that you can be confident will have a 50-year
             | lifespan.
             | 
             | On the flip side, modern toasters cost $10 and last nearly
             | as long. Not everything needs to last forever, but I've
             | never had a modern toaster wear out. You only think the old
             | ones were reliable because they cost enough that people
             | would pay to have them repaired. That and a huge helping of
             | survivorship bias.
        
               | forgetfreeman wrote:
               | > On the flip side, modern toasters cost $10 and last
               | nearly as long.
               | 
               | This claim can only be meaningfully examined in like 60
               | years, minimum, and I have my doubts. I've yet to see a
               | 70s era toaster die, and have personally watched four
               | modern toasters go into a dumpster in the last 25 years.
               | Old toasters were reliable because consumers of the day
               | wouldn't tolerate disposable crap which informed every
               | aspect of material selection and design.
        
           | yitchelle wrote:
           | While not discrediting your observation, what would be an
           | example that could be investigated by a small team?
           | 
           | I was thinking about an electronic toothbrush, or a kettle?
        
             | cogman10 wrote:
             | Definitely something with parts that fall. I wouldn't do a
             | kettle because those are toaster simple.
             | 
             | An electric toothbrush would be good. There are a few parts
             | that could fall, the battery in particular.
        
           | nicbou wrote:
           | If you want to battle e-waste, buy a used toaster.
        
             | berkes wrote:
             | Another -often overlooked- benefit of buying used
             | appliances, is that they have proven to be sturdy, and/or
             | repairable.
             | 
             | Cheap temu-junk doesn't end up in thrift stores. Or, if it
             | does, is easily filtered out. If I see a toaster that looks
             | well used and/or aged, I can be certain it has at least
             | proven to last a while and actual use.
             | 
             | It's also why I buy refurbished washing machine,
             | refridgerators, etc: a refurbisher commonly won't refurbish
             | stuff that's hard to repair: their economics prefer stuff
             | that's sturdy, easy and cheap to repair. Win win win.
        
               | InDubioProRubio wrote:
               | Have a privileg toploader - happily doing its chores. Its
               | all the years old.
        
         | protocolture wrote:
         | I can walk and quibble about economics at the same time.
        
       | geoffeg wrote:
       | That's a lot of JS for a static site. For some reason it hijacked
       | my keyboard shortcuts for back and forward.
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | same. wtf?
        
         | quesera wrote:
         | Welcome to Squarespace.
         | 
         | Fortunately, these sites often work fine with only CSS and
         | images allowed. No JS required.
        
       | htunnicliff wrote:
       | I'd love to buy one of these.
        
         | blagie wrote:
         | I would definitely buy one, assuming there was some guarantee
         | on parts availability "for the lifespan of the company up to X
         | decades" or some similarly long time.
         | 
         | I would doubly do so if the design were open-source.
         | 
         | I would triply do so if I could have all my new home appliances
         | this way. I tossed my last fridge and my last washing machine
         | over parts which would have been in the single-digit dollars to
         | manufacture.
         | 
         | If the author is not commercializing this, the design and
         | instructions should be open-sourced (and, ideally, advertised
         | to a Chinese discount company).
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | > and, ideally, advertised to a Chinese discount company
           | 
           | Do you need to provide the documentation to the discount
           | company? I was always under the impression the best way to
           | get a product made was
           | 
           | a) make a compelling video
           | 
           | b) post to a crowdfunding site and make a lot of PR noise
           | elsewhere
           | 
           | c) wait for the knock offs, if it takes a while, write up
           | some posts about how you're having trouble finding production
           | partners
           | 
           | d) if the knocks offs are decent, send a good knock off to
           | the backers, otherwise refund their pledges.
        
       | mikepurvis wrote:
       | I have the same $30 no-name toaster that my now-ex purchased
       | shortly after we were married in 2010. I open it up every few
       | years to deep clean the crumbs, and I've changed the cord twice.
       | Thing is an absolute tank.
       | 
       | I try to be a BIFL type of person and am willing to pay a premium
       | for items that will last. Occasionally I hit up against something
       | like this toaster, though, which runs completely counter to my
       | expectations of what makes an indestructible kitchen appliance.
        
         | nemomarx wrote:
         | How hard is replacing the cord? That seems like it goes a long
         | way to extending the life already, though.
        
           | dmoy wrote:
           | Replacing: usually not hard. Open the thing, unscrew the
           | things holding the ends of the wire on, remove old cord, put
           | new cord's wires in, screw down, close thing back up.
           | 
           | (Often "open the thing" and "close the thing" are the hardest
           | - modern devices with plastic clipped on plastic and needing
           | delicate shimming to pry stuff open)
           | 
           | Depending on the level of fix you're going for and where the
           | break is, it can be anywhere from very simple and a few
           | minutes, to much more involved.
           | 
           | If the break is actually at the plug end, you can often pop
           | off the plug housing, trim the wire back, and do basically
           | the same as above.
           | 
           | If the break is in the middle of the cord and you're not
           | squeamish about the final fix having electrical tape on bare
           | wire, then cut, strip, twist, tape, and ... don't fuck it up?
        
             | dmoy wrote:
             | I would also personally not do this with an American
             | ungrounded toaster, even though I have an EE degree and
             | have done a lot of wire stripping, re-assembling wires,
             | electrical tape, soldering, etc stuff.
             | 
             | A new toaster is cheap. House fires are not.
        
           | brudgers wrote:
           | With experience, there is nothing hard about changing a cord.
           | 
           | Without experience, it is harder. Removing the strain release
           | requires mechanical sympathy; desoldering/soldering requires
           | soldering skill; etc.
           | 
           | If it was your job, you'd pick it up in a day or few. If it
           | is not your job, the learning curve is spread across the time
           | between jobs and there's relearning if the jobs are
           | infrequent.
        
       | TOMDM wrote:
       | Is there good data on goods that are the largest contributors to
       | e-waste?
       | 
       | A toaster is a great test case for learning about repairable
       | design, but I can only imagine most people will only buy on
       | average 1 or 2 toasters in their life.
       | 
       | Framework seems like they're tackling laptops, which to my gut
       | feel like they're largely responsible for consumer waste.
        
         | Neikius wrote:
         | I'd say mobile phones are worse, many more produced so even
         | considering phone size. And harder to take apart even though
         | laptops are getting worse. But this is all anecdotal, don't
         | have any hard info.
        
         | mattlondon wrote:
         | Probably a lot in generic household appliances - washing
         | machines, microwaves etc. They've all get electronics in these
         | days.
         | 
         | In my limited experience, things that get hot and or wet as
         | part of their function tends to break more often than those
         | that don't. So basically anything in your kitchen or laundry.
        
         | ShinTakuya wrote:
         | Not sure where you people are getting these multi decade
         | toasters, I need to replace mine every 5-10 years. Obviously
         | not the worst case of e-waste either way but 1 or 2 seems like
         | a severe underestimate but that could just be my own
         | experience.
         | 
         | Usually a heating element dies or similar. If it were easier to
         | replace the heating elements I'd think it'd help reduce waste,
         | but as you and others have noted, that wasn't the point of the
         | article.
        
           | Mister_Snuggles wrote:
           | I've only bought two toasters in my life.
           | 
           | The first was a two-slice Kenmore (RIP Sears) which still
           | works. It cost $20 and was purchased close to 25 years ago. I
           | only used this a couple times a week and now the usage is
           | very sporadic, but it always works when I need it to.
           | 
           | The second was a Cuisinart toaster oven, which is not exactly
           | a toaster but has ended up being our primary toaster. I have
           | no idea how old it is since we bought it at a garage sale for
           | $5 about 5 years ago. This is used almost daily, sometimes
           | multiple times a day, and for a lot more than just toast.
           | 
           | I can see buying one more toaster, meaning a toaster oven, in
           | my life, but it will probably be to get new functionality
           | (e.g., air fryer, larger capacity, etc) instead of replacing
           | something broken.
        
             | xp84 wrote:
             | I, too, would bet that your Cuisinart is likely to outlast
             | you and me. That's what I have, and it's been in daily use
             | for close to a decade now. Other than the silkscreened
             | buttons losing their labels (easy fix: cut out some clear
             | labels made with the P-Touch) it's as good as when it was
             | new. We like it so much that we still kept it when we got a
             | drawer-based air fryer 2 years ago which is my favorite
             | kitchen purchase of all time.
        
           | mrweasel wrote:
           | We have a toaster with a built in FM radio. That thing is
           | pushing 15 years now. Obviously adding an FM radio to a
           | toaster is idiotic and we don't use that feature, but the
           | toaster part just works. It was a Christmas present from my
           | wife's employer, so I can't imagine it being all that
           | expensive.
           | 
           | But I see your point, we've had multiple other toasters, some
           | toasted themselves to death by melting their own plastic
           | casing.
           | 
           | The saddest failure was a Krupp coffee maker, that thing was
           | amazing, made the best coffee. Sadly I melted the power cord
           | on a stove top. This was before I had a proper set of tools,
           | so I gave up trying to remove the "security" screws, that
           | would have let me open it and replace the cord.
        
         | xp84 wrote:
         | For contributors to e-waste in terms of quantity of items, I'd
         | assume somewhere in the top 10 you'd for sure find vape pens,
         | cell phones, tablets, and all manner of computers.
         | 
         | By weight there is probably a lot of large appliances, since
         | their PCBs and chips are so unreliable, usually only lasting a
         | couple of years, and people feel like suckers spending the
         | ~$500-700 of labor and parts (mostly labor) that every repair
         | costs on these, both because they feel like 'this one must be
         | an especially bad design, so maybe I should buy a new one / a
         | different brand' and because it seems insane to spend like
         | 70-100% of the purchase price on a repair. So the whole thing
         | is chucked in the landfill. Of course, the replacement will be
         | a P.O.S. too, but what choice do we have?
        
         | mauvehaus wrote:
         | 1-2? I'm on 6 or 7, and I'm hoping to get another few decades
         | in. I've spent as little as $10, and as much as $50. When the
         | last one died, I gave serious consideration to the Dualit, but
         | the slots aren't long enough for my usual bread. So I went with
         | Wirecutter's $30 recommendation and fully expect it to die
         | within the decade as well.
         | 
         | Admittedly, I eat toast for breakfast at least 340 days a year,
         | but I do sort of wish someone would sell a toaster that lasts
         | so I could quit putting crappy ones in the landfill.
        
         | protocolture wrote:
         | Based on my experiences in eWaste:
         | 
         | Tech thats not getting properly recycled is LCD Monitors, was
         | CRT's but they became profitable to mine for copper and gold.
         | 
         | People are too sensitive to scratches on their screen and just
         | throw it out. Once a monitor hits an eWaste bin that only gets
         | worse.
         | 
         | But the much larger problem with eWaste is packaging. Theres
         | more packaging, with different grades of plastic, than there is
         | shit inside of it that can be repaired or recycled.
         | 
         | Phones are collected and recycled. Batteries are collected,
         | sorted and recycled. Ancient Desktop computers are often marked
         | as scrap, "recycled" to a developing country where they are
         | suddenly reborn as... desktop computers and live a third or
         | fourth life. Otherwise desktops are fairly recoverable, they go
         | straight to "ex government" style stores, ebay, what have you.
         | 
         | Laptops are pretty bad too, because of the integrated screen.
         | 
         | Hard drives, some people like to destroy instead of wipe for
         | security reasons. But the metals are fairly recoverable.
         | 
         | Networking gear tends to live on in someones home or study lab,
         | or it goes to developing nations.
         | 
         | I actually find that appliances were quite unlikely to even hit
         | an ewaste bin, likely going to landfill instead.
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | >Two participants changed their views about toasters in general
       | because how toasters work was not as complicated as they first
       | thought
       | 
       | We really do need to acknowledge that spending time taking things
       | apart is a critical life skill. If you don't do it, you're
       | forever a slave to buying new things.
        
         | _carbyau_ wrote:
         | Agreed. I take apart stuff that is dead, partly to see how it
         | comes apart and gain skills in finding hidden screws(under
         | stickers et al) or non-destructively popping plastic clips (80%
         | success rate...).
         | 
         | But also once it's apart to see how it functions, what good
         | design choices were made vs what was a bad choice because it
         | broke. How could it be improved? Are all the design choices for
         | the consumer? etc etc
         | 
         | Aside: I have a lot of HDD platters sitting around.
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | The thing is with something like this, if you're clever with the
       | design you could make a device that packs flat, but isn't
       | entirely flat.
       | 
       | So imagine you make the depth of the toaster greater than the
       | height (easy with those feet). You put a quarter inch radius on
       | the top plate, make the front and back plate a half an inch
       | shorter so they nest inside the top plate in the box. And in fact
       | if you put locking tabs on the two plates to keep the front from
       | oil canning, those would also fit in if you flip the plates the
       | right way 'round in the box.
       | 
       | You can tell from the bolts in the picture that there are already
       | right angle bends in the sheet metal. So they're already using
       | the third dimension just not with as much flair.
        
         | cosmic_cheese wrote:
         | I had similar thoughts. It's already quite handsome for a
         | project of this nature but there's still a lot of low hanging
         | fruit for aesthetic improvement without negatively impacting
         | other aspects.
        
           | unraveller wrote:
           | it's not just aesthetic, you don't want to encourage misuse
           | with a large flat top surface to place things on.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | I didn't even think about that. But when I started reading
             | your response I had a sudden flash of cutting my forehead
             | with a falling can of beans and suddenly wishing that cans
             | weren't so sharp.
             | 
             | Sharp edges on appliances aren't that good either.
        
         | rssoconnor wrote:
         | Can someone draw what hinkley is talking about?
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | I tried to find pictures of boxes with rounded corners and
           | they're all rounded on the vertical corners, like a box of
           | mints. Or the polar opposite of a bread box with a lid with a
           | >4" radius of curvature on the lid.
           | 
           | But look at the lid on a metal tin. The lip around the edge
           | is often not a perfectly sharp bend. There's a small radius
           | to it. So imagine the 'lid' was a single piece and the other
           | sides were flat pieces that bolt together. If you size the
           | pieces right they should fit into the 'lid'.
        
       | seltzered_ wrote:
       | Funny, my first thought in seeing this headline was The Toaster
       | Project by Thomas Thwaites: http://www.thetoasterproject.org/
       | (~2010) - more of a reflection about globalism and what is
       | possible to create from scratch.
       | https://www.ted.com/talks/thomas_thwaites_how_i_built_a_toas...
        
         | krisoft wrote:
         | What I don't like about Thomas Thwaites's Toaster project is
         | that I feel the end product intentionally looks bad. I feel the
         | artist could have chosen different paths and could have created
         | a practical toaster just with a little bit of care. The artist
         | just choose to not do that because if the toaster would look
         | practical and usable that would undermine their message about
         | globalism, and the supposed impossibility of the task. Because
         | in a project like this "man sets out to build a toaster, and
         | actually succeeds" does not sounds good. And that just feels
         | like learned helplessness.
        
           | jdietrich wrote:
           | He's an artist, not an engineer. I'm willing to believe that
           | the toaster genuinely is his best effort. I know that I could
           | do far better, but I have a lifetime of experience in herding
           | atoms. I suspect that my attempt at oil painting would be
           | equally risible.
        
             | iamwil wrote:
             | You should try it. I'd love to see what an engineer could
             | do with building toasters from scratch.
        
             | krisoft wrote:
             | > He's an artist, not an engineer.
             | 
             | He is by training an industrial designer.
             | 
             | But also, there is no clear boundary between being an
             | artist and being an engineer. There are artist who show
             | great mastery of engineering in their art work. Either
             | because they studied engineering, or because they picked up
             | enough relevant skills practically to achieve what they
             | want to achieve.
             | 
             | I have a particular taste and not everyone will agree what
             | is and isn't art. But i consider for example David C. Roy's
             | wooden kinetic sculptures both art and engineering.
             | Similarly Jacob Tonski's Balance from Within (a victorian
             | sofa balancing on a single leg) incorporates both art and
             | excelent engineering. Or Thea Ulrich's aerial moon
             | sculpture. Where the physical manufacturing of the
             | sculpture is the engineering component, while the aerial
             | dance performed on it is the art component. In each of
             | these they could have said "hey I'm just an artist, you
             | can't possibly expect my thing to work" or "hey i'm an
             | engineer, you can't possibly expect my thing to have
             | artistic value". But they were not satisfied with either of
             | those, and pushed themselves, their art and their craft
             | until they got something wonderfull.
             | 
             | Where there is a will there is a way. And where the will is
             | to make the object look shitty, you will get that result.
             | Which is fine. But i have heard people draw the conclusion
             | from his work that somehow this is the best anyone can do.
             | And that is not fine with me.
        
               | rnewme wrote:
               | I, too, would like if his product was built as well as
               | possible, ideally all shiny and almost too perfect to
               | belive it was made in such a way.
        
         | croisillon wrote:
         | and strangely none of the past posts have any comments
         | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&qu...
        
           | timerol wrote:
           | Try https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=673035. The project
           | itself didn't get traction, but an article about the project
           | did
        
             | croisillon wrote:
             | good find! (i have the book)
        
       | louwrentius wrote:
       | My parents are using an electric hand mixer that is 45+ years
       | old. It's still fine.
       | 
       | Products of the past did last longer because they weren't as
       | cost-optimised yet. It seems similar to the story of the vastly
       | over-build Volvo red block engines.
       | 
       | Yet, we don't live in a (global) society that cares about living
       | consciously, to build things that last. If something lasts, we
       | don't consume. And that's our true purpose. To consume the things
       | that are produced.
       | 
       | Do we need 20+ brands of peanut butter? Why do brands even exist?
       | Why can't we just but 'peanut butter'?
       | 
       | The word and our society is actually so strange, if you _really_
       | think about this. By the way, did I mentioned yet, I really miss
       | David Graeber?
        
         | atrus wrote:
         | Products of the past did not last longer.
         | 
         | Products of the past for the same price point as today (adj for
         | inflation) _especially_ did not last longer, if they even
         | existed at that price point.
        
           | convolvatron wrote:
           | that's strictly not true, at least for many segments. my
           | 1960s Kitchenaid mixer has been used since..the 60s, and if
           | you buy a new Kitchenaid today, don't expect that plastic
           | gear to last very long if you actually take it out and use
           | it.
        
             | beacon294 wrote:
             | I had a 60s kitchenaid and it was super loud, possibly over
             | 90 db. Additionally, it had square corners where stuff got
             | stuck, couldn't handle some solids well, and to wash it you
             | often had to remove the blade and gasket.
             | 
             | One interesting thing was a gimmick about heating soup with
             | the blender using solely friction.
             | 
             | I eventually bought a modern plastic refurb which has been
             | a dream. I do think it is a shame that it won't last 50
             | years.
        
             | mhb wrote:
             | A Kitchenaid K5-A mixer cost $159 in 1960. That would be
             | $1,700 today. I'll bet you can get someone to make you a
             | replacement metal gear for something less than $1,000.
        
             | atrus wrote:
             | I found an 1969 ad for a kitchenaid mixer. It's cost $125
             | in 1969 dollars. That's over $1000 in todays dollars.
             | You're comparing a mixer that costs _half_ as much. And,
             | believe me, fixing the skimp issues that kitchenaid
             | introduced to give the execs a bigger bonus can be fixed
             | for a lot less than $500.
             | 
             | Furthermore, you probably can buy a mixer for $1000 that
             | has a similar chance of surviving 60 years for $1000.
        
         | pjsg wrote:
         | MY first job (in the last 70s) was working in a TV rental store
         | doing small item repair. In particular, repairing toasters was
         | probably my #1 activity. Essentially the failure was nearly
         | always the same -- one of the three toasting elements failed,
         | and so I would replace all three elements, and the customer got
         | a working toaster back.
         | 
         | It was never clear to me (at least I don't recall it being
         | clear) _why_ the heating elements failed. It could be from
         | someone sticking a hard tool into the toaster when trying to
         | remove a small item (and breaking the element). It might be
         | that a piece of bread gets stuck to a portion of the element
         | and catches fire at that point -- maybe that weakens the
         | element at that point. This was, of course, long before
         | toasters got electronics in them!
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | The heating elements in a toaster are essentially the same as
           | the heating elements in a lightbulb. Eventually, enough heat
           | cycling, the metal fatigues or melts at a certain point, the
           | circuit opens, and your toaster stops lighting up the room.
           | Of course, trauma is always an option too.
        
       | rndmize wrote:
       | This is excellent work. I like everything about this project -
       | user assembly and repair (repair is much easier not only if the
       | item is designed to be repaired, but if the user assembles it in
       | the first place); flat pack for efficient shipping/storage; the
       | overall focus on reuse and waste reduction. Perhaps, with more
       | projects like this for a wider range of items, it'll be possible
       | to pull manufacturers to a more right-to-repair, cradle-to-grave
       | kind of world.
        
       | pyrolistical wrote:
       | When I see repairable I also think moddable.
       | 
       | Can it run doom by toasting a new frame per slice?
        
         | shreddit wrote:
         | Any toaster can do this. If you reduce "frame" to "pixel"
        
         | amenghra wrote:
         | Back in 2001, Robin Southgate's toaster ran Java
         | (https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/just-
         | javatm-2/013148211...) and could probably have been able to run
         | doom, one frame per slice!
        
       | jasongill wrote:
       | I designed an automotive part that is fabricated out of sheet
       | metal and this article resonates with me because while the
       | completed product looks very simple, the process of getting to
       | the completed product is very complex and has dozens of
       | iterations of designs, failed prototypes, mistakes, etc.
       | 
       | That's what is so infuriating when my products get copied by
       | sellers from China or similar - they are taking all of the
       | hundreds of hours of work that I put into a design and skipping
       | that, going straight to the easy part of producing the finalized
       | part.
       | 
       | Making the thing is the easy part - making up the thing is the
       | hard part!
        
         | mattlondon wrote:
         | Apparently you can use LLMs with tools like OpenSCAD now and it
         | not be utterly terrible, so that might save you some time :)
        
       | xbar wrote:
       | Nice!
       | 
       | I know a good recipe for toast.
        
       | ang_cire wrote:
       | > Repairable flatpack toaster
       | 
       | Good bad so-so
        
       | Arch-TK wrote:
       | PAT isn't exactly a particularly sophisticated benchmark.
       | 
       | But then again, toasters aren't exactly idiot proof (neither are
       | most things in the kitchen) so I guess as long as that case has a
       | low impedance path to the earth pin, and there aren't any exposed
       | single insulated wires, I'd also be happy.
        
         | brudgers wrote:
         | My first thought was "is it UL listed?"
         | 
         | Then I saw the PAT, looked that up, and it is not near
         | equivalent. Here is a 20 year old version of UL 1026 _Electric
         | Household Cooking and Food Serving Appliances_ for comparison.
         | 
         | http://u.dianyuan.com/bbs/u/31/1121404214.pdf
        
       | nickcw wrote:
       | Having mended a few toasters in my time I salute this effort.
       | Cheap toasters are very difficult to take apart and mend. The
       | toasting mechanism on this one looks great.
       | 
       | Cheap toasters only last a few years before dying. Usually
       | because someone jams it up then clumsily unjams it while damaging
       | the element.
       | 
       | After going through a few toasters in quick succession I finally
       | bought an expensive Dualit one. It's still going 25 years later.
       | I changed the timer mechanism once which was a joy, and you can
       | easily buy spare parts.
       | 
       | The Dualit cost over 10 times more than the cheap toasters
       | though. I don't regret that purchase though and it has actually
       | saved me money over the years and made much less landfill.
       | 
       | Funnily enough the toaster in this article looks quite like the
       | Dualit. I don't suppose that is a coincidence!
        
         | gavanm wrote:
         | Having recently done a timer replacement on a Dualit, I think
         | that might literally be a Dualit timer module. Looks identical
         | in the packing box photo. It wouldn't surprise me if the
         | heating elements were the same as well (haven't checked) though
         | those are probably more commonly available as generic items.
        
           | hgomersall wrote:
           | They look the same to me:
           | https://www.dualit.com/collections/toaster-spares
           | 
           | It seems slightly disingenuous to use the repair parts from a
           | toaster on the market without crediting them.
        
         | vile_wretch wrote:
         | Dualit "Classic" toasters are the only toasters I'm aware of
         | with heating elements that can be replaced. Every cheap toaster
         | I've owned has died from the wire in one of the heating
         | elements burning out. The only two toasters I'd buy these days
         | are a Dualit or a vintage Sunbeam Radiant Control toaster.
         | Dualit wins for the modern slot widths though.
        
           | janfoeh wrote:
           | My Italian Milantoast has everything replaceable as well:
           | https://www.milantoast.com/en/products/spare-parts/
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | The problem as I see it is that 99% of toaster owners don't know
       | where to find the parts in this toaster and/or how to replace
       | them.
       | 
       | That's where I'd love to see more experimentation.
       | 
       | There's a maker space in my old town where you can just take
       | _stuff_ and they'll nerd out over helping you fix it. I wish
       | there was that, but in a store format.
       | 
       | I want to live in a world where it's just common parlance to say,
       | "my toaster broke so I have to stop at the FixIt on my way home.
       | 
       | Yes yes, fixing it is too expensive to support this business
       | model. I want to dream, okay?! Maybe a toaster like this makes it
       | much more reasonable for cheaper appliances to be fixed by the
       | summer student from high school who will learn invaluable skills
       | for $15/hr. I would have killed to make min wage taking apart and
       | doing basic repairs on stuff.
       | 
       | I mentor high school students who can CAD and fabricate plastic
       | and metal parts. Surely we could fabricate more young people like
       | that too.
        
         | atrus wrote:
         | I've toyed around with a similar idea. A pizza shop style
         | manufacturing/fixit hub that would pick up and deliver locally
         | manufactured items like that.
         | 
         | I even think that repairing items at a loss could work out,
         | because you'd get valuable customer data on what items they
         | used enough to break, and what parts broke, giving you an
         | insight to make your own product lines that didn't break in
         | that way.
        
       | pragma_x wrote:
       | I was immediately reminded of this old gem:
       | https://makezine.com/article/craft/a-homemade-toaster-built-...
       | 
       | No idea what it is about toasters, other than their simplicity,
       | but I really love the effort with the flatpack version.
        
         | lelandfe wrote:
         | So cool. From 2009 so there's been some link rot; they had a
         | Tumblr that seems fully disappeared from the web.
         | 
         | Most current site: https://www.thomasthwaites.com/the-toaster-
         | project/
         | 
         | Older site: http://www.thetoasterproject.org/page2.htm
         | 
         | Some videos: https://vimeo.com/3162229
         | https://vimeo.com/3186135 https://vimeo.com/3186840
         | 
         | They also did a TED talk on it:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ODzO7Lz_pw
        
       | KolyaKornelius wrote:
       | My toaster is from the 1950s and works fine. Also it's not ugly
       | as sin.
        
       | an_aparallel wrote:
       | How do you give out a mains powered toaster with assembly
       | instructions just like that?
       | 
       | My experience with diy electronics is that most kit designers are
       | super wary of even giving instruction on mains anything...so as
       | not to be held liable.
        
         | debacle wrote:
         | You could make a USB toaster, it would just take a lot
         | longer...
        
           | NBJack wrote:
           | Nonsense. We just need...about 10-15 USB-C laptop charging
           | blocks rated at 100W each. I'm sure can find a 1:10 USB
           | charge splitter (heck, maybe we just need to get creative
           | with a few 1:4s) on Temu.
           | 
           | What could possibly go wrong?
        
             | xp84 wrote:
             | Brilliant comments like this make me miss Slashdot
             | moderation. +5, Funny
        
             | debacle wrote:
             | For starters, that USB splitter would be single use,
             | assuming it didn't melt before your toast was done.
        
             | alnwlsn wrote:
             | Or, in the pre-USB-PD days, you do this[0]. Only 30 USB
             | ports required. I swear I remember this being a toaster
             | instead of a hot plate, but I guess you would need around
             | 300 USB ports for a toaster.
             | 
             | [0] https://hackaday.com/2022/12/01/throwback-usb-hotplate-
             | used-...
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | Just cook the toast from the flames of the battery.
        
           | makeitdouble wrote:
           | With 240W power delivery now available, you'd just need 6
           | ports to get near max allowed power.
        
         | nancyminusone wrote:
         | The British used to sell appliances without the plug attached -
         | it was just bare wires. Buying the plug separately and knowing
         | how to attach it was just a basic skill you were expected to
         | know.
         | 
         | Not sure what changed, as I understand it they don't really do
         | that anymore.
        
           | WWLink wrote:
           | I remember the mr bean skit where he buys a tv and jams the
           | cord into the plug and somehow this works LOL.
           | 
           | I didn't realize they sold them that way intentionally!
        
             | jdietrich wrote:
             | It wasn't uncommon for people to just jam wires into the
             | outlet in a pinch, to the extent that public service
             | announcements warned against it.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zH0Kxjx0sEM
             | 
             | Britain had two common standards for electrical outlets (BS
             | 1363 and the older BS 546) plus a few less-common
             | proprietary types. BS 1363 became the preferred standard
             | for new installations in 1947, but the other types remained
             | fairly common for decades. Appliances were not required to
             | be supplied with a fitted plug until 1994, by which time BS
             | 1363 had become dominant (if not quite ubiquitous).
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | Thank you for this context. I couldn't guess why would
               | anyone sell a device that's supposed to be plugged
               | without a plug. But if there were different standards it
               | makes some sense.
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | > The British used to sell appliances without the plug
           | attached - it was just bare wires. Buying the plug separately
           | and knowing how to attach it was just a basic skill you were
           | expected to know.
           | 
           | I'm having flashbacks to moving back to the US from the UK-o-
           | sphere, and re-splicing plugs for appliances that supported
           | both voltages.
        
           | gweinberg wrote:
           | My understanding is that selling appliances without plugs was
           | done to make work for the electronic shops. People attaching
           | their own plugs would seem to defeat the purpose.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1994/1768/made mandates
           | that appliances must be sold with the plug attached.
           | Apparently moulded-on plugs aren't mandated, but seem to be
           | the default now.
        
             | nickcw wrote:
             | After going through all the appliances in my Grandad's
             | house and re-wiring them to have the correct mains plug
             | pinout I can understand the reason for that law!
             | 
             | It is actually quite difficult to wire up a UK mains plug
             | really well!
        
         | andrelaszlo wrote:
         | Flashbacks to my ex's dad drilling the "missing" holes in his
         | Ikea computer desk (pieces in the wrong place) makes me wonder
         | if consumers are ready for DIY electronics. Love the concept
         | and industrial look of it though.
        
           | FerretFred wrote:
           | Maybe a toaster made up of modular parts fitting together
           | like Lego? They'd only fit one way so as to avoid assembly
           | errors. Modular construction means that failing parts could
           | be easily replaced.
        
             | andrelaszlo wrote:
             | That sounds like a really cool way to get both safety and
             | maintainability!
        
       | YuccaGloriosa wrote:
       | Come on, this is basically what a Dualit Classic is. I really
       | don't see this is much more than an exercise. The problem is
       | asking people to spend 5x to 10x the price of cheap mass produced
       | unmaintainable tat.
        
       | krisoft wrote:
       | The goal of reducing e-waste is commendable. I really like the
       | idea that if people built their own toaster then they will know
       | how it works and they will feel more comfortable repairing it if
       | something goes wrong with it.
       | 
       | That being said I would have started a project like this with
       | researching why toasters end up in the trash. Is it because they
       | break? (and if so which part?) Or is it because people get bored
       | with the old design and want something new which fits their
       | kitchen decoration better?
       | 
       | My suspicion is that there are garbage toasters not built to
       | last. And then there are good quality toasters where the toaster
       | probably could serve for decades. Maybe even hundreds of years
       | with part replacements. But changes of taste, and design is what
       | limits the lifetime of the second kind of toasters in reality not
       | breakage.
        
         | i80and wrote:
         | I have a toaster from the 70's. It's a nice toaster, but has a
         | big problem I didn't expect when I bought it:
         | 
         | Apparently most grocery store bread is _significantly_ more
         | wide now than in the past! Most bread won 't fit!
         | 
         | If the inputs to a device change, that can also cause
         | obsolescence.
        
       | jdprgm wrote:
       | Cool project, also curious about the economics. Have been
       | thinking recently with the increasing quality and affordability
       | of 3d printers and assistive benefits of LLM's it would be cool
       | to basically have the equivalent of lego builds kits for all
       | kinds of consumer goods.
        
       | nancyminusone wrote:
       | On the subject of toasters, if you want one that lasts then grab
       | an old toastmaster or Sunbeam (the kind with the chrome sides)
       | and spend a weekend doing a deep clean. They are held together
       | with screws, not bent over tabs. You might be up against decades
       | of baked on grease, so you'll have to break out the sodium
       | hydroxide. You should probably replace the asbestos cord with a
       | rubber one too. The toaster will then last the remainder of your
       | life.
       | 
       | The main downside is that the slots are usually to narrow for
       | bagels.
       | 
       | There aren't any infinite number of old toasters out there, but
       | there's enough out there for everyone who wants to do the above.
        
         | hondo77 wrote:
         | I bought one from 1965 last year. Got it cheap on eBay. Seller
         | said it didn't work. Seller just didn't know how to turn the
         | knob on the side. I have to buy bread that isn't as wide as I
         | was getting but it's totally worth it. Perfect toast every
         | time.
        
         | convolvatron wrote:
         | got a 1930s toastmaster single slice for $30 on eBay. new
         | carbon switch contacts, new nichrome wire, new cord. functions
         | great and really looks nice. there are a lot of broken toasters
         | in the world.
        
           | jkestner wrote:
           | Even other more complex appliances get tossed too easily. My
           | spouse's desire to get rid of our 15yo microwave was replaced
           | a while ago by the satisfaction of being able to keep it
           | going. I've fixed it twice with a few bucks of parts
           | (waveguide cover, door switch).
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | Have you ever had one fail? Mine is the $10 plastic special
         | from 20 years ago still toasting it's heart out.
         | 
         | The simpler a toaster is, the more likely it is to have eternal
         | life. If you can buy a modern toaster that's just the knob and
         | levers (no digital controls or whatever) then there's really no
         | reason it won't last decades.
        
           | midnightclubbed wrote:
           | Tempting fate here but I don't see any reason why my cheapo
           | spring loaded toaster won't give me another 10 years of life.
           | There's nothing to go wrong if used correctly.
           | 
           | Back when I was a kid in the 80s toasters would break because
           | we shoved in hacked up pieces of bread or bagels where the
           | food touched the elements and caught fire. And knives were
           | poked inside to extract burnt remains from the heating
           | elements.
           | 
           | I was shocked to see there are toasters with motorized
           | lifting mechanisms. Is there any practical reason why this is
           | better than a spring?
        
             | AyyEye wrote:
             | > Is there any practical reason why this is better than a
             | spring?
             | 
             | People are propagandized to pay more money for them, then
             | do it again when they break.
        
             | qiqitori wrote:
             | Actually toasters need to be able to switch off a huge
             | current, which causes arcing. This arcing may slowly burn
             | the PCB and desolder the metal contact mounted on the PCB.
             | At least that's what happened with my last toaster after >5
             | years. Repaired it once, then after a year it broke again,
             | but this time the PCB through hole was severely burned and
             | it wasn't trivially fixable anymore.
             | 
             | Motorized mechanisms... hmm. Well, sometimes toasters pop
             | up toasts too hard making them land on the floor.
        
               | alwayslikethis wrote:
               | > switch off a huge current, which causes arcing
               | 
               | This isn't really true. The heating elements are pretty
               | much entirely a resistive load, which do not cause arcing
               | when switched off. What desoldered your PCB might be the
               | heat itself.
        
               | erikpukinskis wrote:
               | There's no need for a PCB in a toaster.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | The nice thing about AC is that 120 times a second there
               | is no current. Shutting off at that point is as easy as
               | using a thyristor.
        
             | masklinn wrote:
             | > there any practical reason why this is better than a
             | spring?
             | 
             | Depends what you mean by "practical". Motorised avoid the
             | jump scare and don't risk launching light pieces out of the
             | toaster.
             | 
             | I'd also assume (but don't know as I've never been much of
             | a toaster person) they can have a longer movement range and
             | limit crumbing through lower acceleration stress.
        
         | thangalin wrote:
         | Technology Connections' review:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OfxlSG6q5Y
        
           | hobs wrote:
           | If you want that specific toaster (not a generic one, but the
           | automatic one) its going to cost you north of 250 bucks last
           | time I checked.
        
             | Washuu wrote:
             | I bought my Sunbeam in 2022 for $44, brand new. The secret
             | is to buy them in Japan off the flea market sites.
             | Apparently in my case the owner bought it have around as a
             | piece of Americana. -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
       | jonah-archive wrote:
       | The control knob looks like the one off a Dualit toaster (their
       | Classic model is also extremely repairable), as do the heating
       | elements: https://www.dualit.com/collections/toasters
       | 
       | (I bought a Dualit after using one at a B&B many years ago -- I
       | absolutely love it, though it really is a little overkill for
       | making a few slices of toast each day. But it's a pleasure to
       | use.)
        
       | slyall wrote:
       | When I was a kid we had an two-slice electric "Side door Toaster"
       | when we stayed in our caravan on holiday.
       | 
       | It had two spring-loaded fold-up doors on each side which you put
       | the toast on. Then they folder vertically to put the toast near
       | the elements. Half way through you pulled down the doors, flipped
       | the slices over and toasted the other half.
       | 
       | https://www.ronebergcairns.com/2006onwards/home06_026.html
       | 
       | Probably easier to construct that a pop-up
        
         | someothherguyy wrote:
         | common to see that in conveyor toasters as well
        
       | vanderZwan wrote:
       | Nice! Although I hope the next project will be a repairable
       | panini grill, those are way more versatile than toasters.
        
       | ElijahLynn wrote:
       | This looks awesome, I definitely want one! Are you selling these
       | too?
        
       | d3rockk wrote:
       | A post worthy of Hacker News Hall of Fame.
        
       | xp84 wrote:
       | I feel that the real thing that this guy is getting at, which I
       | am also a fan of, is "How could we as a society, shift the
       | culture away from disposability and consumption to sustainability
       | and repair?"
       | 
       | As someone without all the answers, it seems like only a
       | heavyhanded degree of regulation could have any chance (e.g. high
       | taxes on whole categories of devices with low/no repairability).
       | Though perhaps in a trade apocalypse situation that may happen
       | sooner than we think (such as total breakdown of trade with
       | China) perhaps repair will suddenly be relevant. This is why, as
       | I understand it, basically every car owner in Cuba is also a
       | mechanic.
       | 
       | Of course, they had the benefit of having 1950s cars when trade
       | barriers went up. We've got houses full of devices built and
       | purchased with the understanding that you throw away anything
       | with a plug or a battery within 5 years max!
        
       | crabmusket wrote:
       | Minor point: lots of commenters here are defaulting to male
       | pronouns for the author. In this Dezeen article, for which they
       | spoke to Kasey, they use she/her pronouns.
       | https://www.dezeen.com/2017/07/20/kasey-hou-reduce-electrica...
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | We had an old toaster which was swinging plates to hold toast
       | against the elements as a central core. Want both sides toasted?
       | flip the toast. It was a 1920s design. Very functional, few parts
       | to break (springs, hinges mostly) and it burned toast very
       | effectively. It also did not accrue crumbs the way modern sealed-
       | box toasters do.
       | 
       | I think if I was making a toaster I'd be looking to this model
       | rather than the slot model, simply because its simpler. Or,
       | placing toast on a flat bed with a reflecting heat plate behind
       | the element. That would work for far thicker toastable objects,
       | and also refreshing pita &c.
       | 
       | So many ways to die. Very cool project btw.
        
       | nosrepa wrote:
       | I wonder when teenage engineering will sell a 2000 dollar version
       | of this.
        
       | saltybytes wrote:
       | Trying to reduce eWaste as well and was wondering if anybody
       | could recommend repair meetups around NYC, maybe in Westchester?
        
       | jamesriso wrote:
       | am I the only one who read this headline and thought it was a
       | random three-word identifier?
        
       | twic wrote:
       | I would definitely confuse this with my NAS and put a couple of
       | hard drives in it.
        
       | botswana99 wrote:
       | This is great. I have personally gone through a half a dozen
       | toasters. It such a waste.
       | 
       | I want to buy one for my lifetime
        
       | afdslfslkfdsk wrote:
       | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/79454372/get-solana-wall...
        
       | camwhite wrote:
       | I love this because it is making a practical, everyday item more
       | accessible.
       | 
       | I know the toaster is not explicitly open source but I've been
       | lamenting the fact that such an incredible amount of energy is
       | spent making things more accessible but most of those things are
       | not what 'normal people' actually need.
       | 
       | For example I think there is a greater need for more open source
       | couches, bikes, houses, clothing, etc than the need for, say,
       | software that helps us coordinate containerized web
       | infrastructure (from a social good perspective)
        
         | johntitorjr wrote:
         | Agreed on the social good of open source everyday items. I'd
         | love to go to a build-it-yourself store/workshop where they
         | have tools, materials, experts, and open source designs
         | available.
         | 
         | The social good of open source software is at an inflection
         | point. Stallman has always been right, but for decades it's
         | been an 'yeah, but so what' situation. In today's consumer
         | tech, surveillance is pervasive and manipulation getting more
         | effective. Of course, that's only a problem if we lived in a
         | fascist state where the government could force companies to
         | work against our interests. Or lived in a network state run by
         | a software company.
         | 
         | The only prudent options are moving to open source SW
         | infrastructure running on personally controlled HW, or moving
         | to an off-grid cabin in the woods. I'm incredibly grateful to
         | the folks that create software like immich and jellyfin that
         | allow me to degoogle w/o losing capabilities that I've come to
         | rely on.
        
         | robertfrank wrote:
         | I don't mean this in an overly judgmental way, but how much
         | utility is there to open source physical objects for most
         | people if they don't also include some sort of cost benefit?
         | What's the utility of an open source t-shirt you can make for
         | $30 when a 5 pack of shirts from Walmart is $10? I like the
         | idea in concept, but how does a normal person implement open
         | source physical good production?
        
           | rnewme wrote:
           | Companies pick it up and start selling the open source
           | product. Since it's open anyone can fix it, modify it,
           | upgrade it etc. Prices go down, both for devices and parts.
           | Even if no new parts are available you still have giant used
           | market.
        
           | jacknews wrote:
           | Look at say washing machines.
           | 
           | How many different models/brands are on the market?
           | 
           | I estimate many hundreds, if not thousands.
           | 
           | Each model/brand comes with some degree of custom design and
           | engineering, documentation, etc, etc. All for fragmented
           | production runs, all to try to gain proprietary advantage.
           | 
           | Why do we need so many? We really don't actually, maybe just
           | a dozen or two to address various niches.
           | 
           | If companies just picked up an open source design (which
           | would be constantly improving, just as with software), they
           | could save many of those costs, and potentially even more by
           | scaling up volume of production.
        
       | smm11 wrote:
       | Do it for 'smart' TVs now.
        
       | Brian_K_White wrote:
       | I guess I'm the only one who thinks it's just not a very good
       | design. Right off the bat there is no excuse for all those
       | screws, and those trays block all the radiation from the elements
       | from reaching the bread! It's a terrible design for accomplishing
       | the task.
        
         | scotty79 wrote:
         | What's wrong with the screws? Screws are the king of
         | repairability.
        
           | Brian_K_White wrote:
           | Screws are the king of parts count, manufacturing process
           | (for the screw itself, and it's nut, as well as then using
           | the screw), and falling apart later.
           | 
           | Having the thing be held together by screws is not
           | necessarily the problem, it's having so many instead of
           | having interlocking pieces that need only a couple screws, or
           | maybe none.
           | 
           | The alternative doesn't have to be glue or rivets or welding,
           | just folds and tabs and slots.
           | 
           | And some amount of welding or rivets isn't necessarily anti-
           | repair either, it just depends what, where, & why.
        
       | billfruit wrote:
       | If you have an Airfryer, it is possibly the most consistent
       | method to make toast. 150 degrees at 3 minutes makes perfectly
       | crunchy toast.
        
         | cricalix wrote:
         | Perhaps it depends on your air fryer. Mine just dries the bread
         | out, and toasts one side sorta..
        
         | chrismatheson wrote:
         | I have not found the air fryer to cook in the same way as my
         | toaster.
         | 
         | The AirFryer is essentially still an oven (at least mine is)
         | with the heat coming predominantly from the top, leading to
         | some form of "double baked" bread, which IMHO isn't the same as
         | toasted (where the bread can be crisp on the outside but still
         | soft in the middle)
        
         | Brian_K_White wrote:
         | Air fryer dries out the entire bread to a coaster.
         | 
         | A toaster blasts the outside of the bread with massive
         | radiation, with thin wire element that goes from dead cold off
         | to 100% instantly, so that the outside gets toasted before the
         | inside gets dry.
         | 
         | Air fryer is way too slow and the moving air makes it even
         | worse.
         | 
         | Larger toaster-oven air fryers are even worse. Way too slow to
         | heat up and way too much of the wattage wasted radiating away
         | in other directions being just 2 or 4 quarts tubes inches away
         | from the bread, and with splatter shields covering them
         | besides, instead of a veritable cage of thin wire filaments all
         | around the bread and right next to it.
        
       | astrostl wrote:
       | flatpack | 'flat,pak | noun 1 Electronics a package for an
       | integrated circuit consisting of a rectangular sealed unit with a
       | number of horizontal metal pins protruding from its sides.
        
         | quesera wrote:
         | That is not the correct meaning in this context.
         | 
         | This is the much more commonplace "packs flat for shipping,
         | assembly required by end user" meaning.
        
       | tvb12 wrote:
       | I've always wanted toasters to have a lid to keep dust out.
       | That's one thing I would add to their design.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | There's a video.[1]
       | 
       | - Toast is toasted on one end, un-toasted at the other.
       | 
       | - Control is just a timer, so the second time you use it twice in
       | succession it will be hot at the start and will need a shorter
       | time, which you have to figure out.
       | 
       | Check out the Sunbeam Radiant Control Toaster (1949-1980), which
       | is still considered the peak of toaster design.[2] It's
       | repairable, too. Now replicating that would be a good project.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKbUNDPXCWk
       | 
       | [2] https://www.theverge.com/22801890/sunbeam-radiant-control-
       | to...
        
         | perihelions wrote:
         | [2] is remarkably interesting:
         | 
         | - _" And that mechanism doesn't just wear out after nearly
         | three-quarters of a century of use: there's a single screw
         | underneath the crumb tray to adjust the tension of the wire,
         | and it alone is enough to bring many aging toasters back to
         | life."_
         | 
         | edit: There's other HN threads about it,
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29342936 (232 comments)
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38868753 (76 comments)
        
         | sejje wrote:
         | In the photo of the Sunbeam, it's also got un-toasted areas
        
       | AngryData wrote:
       | I find this thread fascinating because even people's "long-term
       | durable" idea of a toaster is way below my experiences and
       | expectations. I would expect even cheap ones to last atleast 20
       | years. And whats with people replacing their toast cords? What
       | are you doing with the cord that it doesn't last decades?
       | 
       | I wonder if this is a case where spending more money results in a
       | worse product because the cheapest versions are essentially a
       | solved design without any gimmicks or unproven design changes
       | made to try justify a higher price/markup.
        
         | hnhg wrote:
         | You bring up a good point in that at one point it is also about
         | ensuring the quality of materials and construction processes so
         | that everything lasts by default. On top of that, repairability
         | is another factor. I have a fancy kettle that I am sure will
         | not last five years, and I regret buying it.
        
         | awhitby wrote:
         | One obvious thing is that some people are probably toasting a
         | slice a week and others half a dozen a day. The parts don't
         | time out, they _wear_ out, so that really matters.
         | 
         | Another is that being cheap, there's probably quite variable
         | quality.
         | 
         | So it's not that surprising that experiences vary.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | "Wear" is exactly right; most toasters have a pretty crude
           | design involving hot glowing wires, springs and an
           | electromagnet that jolts the whole thing pretty violently
           | when it's finished. Just the glowing wires will fail after a
           | while, even if you make them extra thick.
           | 
           | (That said we have a basic model secondhand toaster that gets
           | used multiple times a week for the past six years and it's
           | still fine... although some of the glow wires don't work).
        
         | MisterTea wrote:
         | Toasters are one of those appliances you unplug when not in use
         | (classically, anything that gets hot must be unplugged when not
         | in use or supervised). They are a large source of fires, my
         | mother knows someone who just lost their house to a toaster
         | fire. So all that cord manipulation can take a toll on it.
        
       | urban_winter wrote:
       | If you want repairability then you can buy a Dualit. They are
       | unreasonably expensive but very easy to fix. Mine is 25 years
       | old. I replaced one of the elements a few years ago. It's held
       | together with screws and bolts - totally user-repairable.
       | 
       | Fun project, nice write-up, but not solving a problem that needs
       | to be solved.
        
         | jalk wrote:
         | I recently replaced the timer dial in a Dualit. Super easy
         | since wires have crimped connectors. The replacement part could
         | have been cheaper (~15% of new toaster)
        
       | seu wrote:
       | My toaster broke a week ago. I tried repairing it and found out
       | exactly what the post says: almost impossible without breaking it
       | (or seriously bending parts just to take them apart). After
       | realizing that I wouldn't be able to, I decided to buy a used
       | one, but couldn't find any on offer around my area that looked in
       | good enough shape. Ended up paying 25EUR for a new one, which
       | will arrive by post any time soon. I find the whole experience
       | extremely unsatisfying and would love more of this (repairable
       | and self-assembly-able electric appliances).
        
       | ddmf wrote:
       | Howdee doodilly doo! It's begun.
        
       | nopelynopington wrote:
       | It's a fantastic idea and I love the concept of user assembly and
       | repair of household appliances.
       | 
       | I think the author has done something wonderful and thoughtful
       | here.
       | 
       | However, I think a toaster is probably the least complex and
       | least risky kitchen appliance. There are quite a few kitchen
       | appliances that I would not feel comfortable using if I had
       | assembled them myself. Anything with spinning blades for example.
       | Also I don't think anyone should be assembling a flat pack
       | microwave, where doing it wrong could end in radiation leakage.
       | 
       | But still, it's a great idea for less risky things. I look
       | forward to open source hair dryers. Those things burn out in no
       | time
        
       | jeffreygoesto wrote:
       | Similar idea for a grill https://boxgrill.de/
        
       | fnord77 wrote:
       | I don't understand. Toasters go bad regularly? I am using a Krups
       | toaster I bought in 1995. I guess I should get it a birthday
       | cake.
        
       | titchard wrote:
       | This reminds me of this book I read a few years back
       | -https://www.thomasthwaites.com/the-toaster-project/
       | 
       | How much work actually goes into the cheapest toaster the chap
       | works to make every element from scratch into a toaster.
        
       | DrNosferatu wrote:
       | A TV and/or video projector would also be a great target for flat
       | packing!
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | .. have I missed something, because TVs are already the
         | flattest consumer durable that isn't, say, flooring?
        
           | DrNosferatu wrote:
           | The idea is to make reparable and part of the circular
           | economy.
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | You could split a TV into a couple parts, but I'm skeptical
             | about how much that would improve repairability over the
             | status quo. If you're able to fix those parts, you can get
             | the TV open.
             | 
             | Getting some manufacturers to use standardized control
             | boards and power supplies, and listing them in the spec
             | sheet, would do a lot more than any ease of access.
        
       | juliangmp wrote:
       | Honestly I would buy that. The design just looks cool.
        
       | dirkc wrote:
       | I find it incredibly frustrating if something breaks and my
       | experience from attempting to repair it is that it's impossible
       | to disassemble. I'm currently sitting with a broken coffee
       | grinder that I can take apart with a brick :(
       | 
       | I frequently dream of openly licensed appliances that are
       | repairable!
        
       | zombot wrote:
       | What is "Flatpack" then?
       | 
       | https://haleystrategic.com/flatpack
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatpack_(electronics)
       | 
       | I'm clueless.
        
         | socksy wrote:
         | Assuming this comment is made in good faith, it's referring to
         | the fact that it can be delivered in a "flat package", so to
         | speak, and has to be assembled by the customer. Flat being a
         | relative term, rather than a specific width.
         | 
         | This is the relevant wikipedia article:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ready-to-assemble_furniture
        
           | Freak_NL wrote:
           | Also see: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flatpack
           | 
           | (First sense.)
           | 
           | It's a fairly common word in English.
        
       | jjice wrote:
       | The concept of things like this is excellent, and I don't think
       | that even at massive scale that you could get the average
       | consumer to go along with it, unfortunately. Even if this thing
       | is 30% more expensive than a non-repairable toaster, I bet many
       | consumers would pick the cheaper one, despite it probably not
       | being the long term financially optimal decision. There are valid
       | reasons for it, but even people with means would skip over this,
       | I'd imagine.
       | 
       | I know so many people in my life that can afford the better
       | quality version of something, but instead opt for the cheaper,
       | shittier version. When the shitty one dies, they get a new shitty
       | one. I think it comes down to the short term impact of cost,which
       | is a valid choice if the cost is the main constraint currently,
       | but I repeatedly see this even in cases where the additional cost
       | isn't an issue.
       | 
       | My ranting aside, this is an incredibly cool project and I'd love
       | things like this in my life. Partially for the fact it's
       | repairable and better for the environment, but partially because
       | it's just neat to have a modular version of your household
       | appliances.
        
         | 8bitsrule wrote:
         | >I know so many people in my life that can afford the better
         | quality version of something, but instead opt for the cheaper,
         | shittier version. When the shitty one dies, they get a new
         | shitty one.
         | 
         | Where I once lived in the midwest this was called the 'Kame-
         | apart mentality'.
         | 
         | But I don't why this toaster can't cost more or less the same,
         | and it comes with that non-purchasable accessory, bragging
         | rights.
        
       | lostlogin wrote:
       | This has me thinking of the guy who made a toaster from scratch.
       | 'Made', as in, made the wires etc.
       | 
       | https://www.thomasthwaites.com/the-toaster-project/
       | 
       | https://gizmodo.com/one-mans-nearly-impossible-quest-to-make...
        
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