[HN Gopher] Stone Soup AI (2024)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Stone Soup AI (2024)
        
       Author : dredmorbius
       Score  : 137 points
       Date   : 2025-02-25 07:02 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (simons.berkeley.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (simons.berkeley.edu)
        
       | hansonkd wrote:
       | In the soup story the villagers freely gave up their carrots and
       | onions and the travelers didn't give any guarantees that they
       | wouldn't be consumed.
       | 
       | In the AI analogy, it is a bit closer in my mind if the travelers
       | would say "Don't worry your onions and carrots and garnishes
       | won't be consumed by us! Put them in the pot and we will strain
       | them out, they are still yours to keep!"
       | 
       | We, the villagers, are dumping our data into the AI soup with a
       | promise that it won't be used when we are using the API or check
       | a little "private mode" box.
        
         | dfltr wrote:
         | And to top it all off, they're charging us for the soup, and
         | it's getting more expensive every time we give them another
         | ingredient.
        
         | RodgerTheGreat wrote:
         | It would be more accurate to imagine a version of the tale
         | where the stone soup chef rifles through people's houses to
         | collect ingredients without permission (if they were against it
         | surely they would've opted out of his services and obtained
         | guard dogs?), and then opened a stand to sell the soup in the
         | town square at premium prices while tainting the wares of his
         | fellow vendors with his leftover slop.
        
           | disqard wrote:
           | Yes! This nuance captures more of today's reality -- esp. the
           | "tainting", which others have also noted (e.g. Emily Bender's
           | "Information Oil Spill")
        
         | jpadkins wrote:
         | The analogy breaks down because physical property and
         | intellectual property are different. When we input creative
         | works into training sets, we do not withhold those works from
         | someone else! Digital copies are different than scarce
         | resources. *
         | 
         | Also, all the AI ToS I've read have stated they will use my
         | inputs to improve their services. I haven't seen an AI service
         | state they won't use my inputs.
         | 
         | * Against Intellectual Property is a good book that explores
         | this idea https://cdn.mises.org/15_2_1.pdf
        
           | TZubiri wrote:
           | Huh. I wouldn't have expected free software and
           | libertarianism to converge on this one.
           | 
           | https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/not-ipr.en.html
           | 
           | It's either a horseshoe or a bipartisan line
        
           | throw10920 wrote:
           | The analogy is perfectly apt. When an AI is trained on work
           | that you've produced, it steals your _effort_ - your work and
           | effort and sweat has been taken by the model and its users.
           | 
           | ...unless you think that your employer should be able to
           | withhold wages from you because there 's no "physical
           | property" that you've provided to them.
        
         | chanux wrote:
         | In the folk tale, the villagers give stuff they own, willingly.
         | The soup chefs do not go sneakily pick stuff up.
         | 
         | Oh but the villagers were kind of fooled into giving.
         | 
         | OK, but it benefits everyone. No mention of soup costing money
         | later.
        
         | lovich wrote:
         | Literally all "promises" mean nothing unless backed up by
         | force.
         | 
         | The government was a nice backplane to ensure that, but now
         | that its decisions are unreliable, all interactions with other
         | parties are under these natural law rules.
         | 
         | I don't think this being AI really changes the deal given that
         | starting situation
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | A frequent trope, but not universally true.
           | 
           | Many social conventions are less implemented by _force_ than
           | by withdrawal of _cooperation_. That 's an aggression, but of
           | a very mild formf, but regardless one which is remarkably
           | effective without requiring an offensive stance or the risks
           | concomitant to same.
        
         | 2099miles wrote:
         | Psh, the companies are freely giving up the data. It is
         | unmentioned where the villagers got the carrot initially, maybe
         | they also stole it from the library or promised their users the
         | carrot would not be eaten. Lol
        
       | rezmason wrote:
       | I think that if we tried, we could come up with a pretty large
       | cookbook of stone soups.
        
         | kridsdale1 wrote:
         | Every soup is a Stone soup if you consider the metal pot as a
         | stone.
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | Or bake in ceramic!
        
       | lsy wrote:
       | Adopting this perspective would improve the quality of efforts
       | around this technology. Instead of thinking of it as somehow
       | creating an "intelligence", seeing it as a complex lens on the
       | training data that is controlled by the prompt helps you
       | understand that the output isn't generated by the model, but by
       | people. And various existing pieces of human effort are brought
       | into focus and collimated by nudging the lens in different
       | directions with a "prompt". The user then gives those pieces
       | meaning and determines whether the result is useful or not.
       | 
       | This makes certain things more clear: notions of "truth" are not
       | in play beyond statistical happenstance, certain efforts to make
       | outputs uniform are more trouble than they're worth, and valuable
       | use cases are strongly correlated with the ability and
       | convenience of the user to confirm the usefulness of the result.
        
         | kridsdale1 wrote:
         | I see the models as oracular seeing-stones like a wizard might
         | use.
         | 
         | Ponder the orb! Probe its secrets!
         | 
         | Holographically, all our text is encoded in there. If you know
         | how to query.
        
           | eMPee584 wrote:
           | oh so wonderous times ahead may they converge towards peace
           | and prosperity for the whole galaxy
        
             | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
             | Verily winds converge with force
        
         | xpe wrote:
         | Using various metaphors carefully and fluidly is key. No one is
         | sufficient. Not this one, nor any other.
         | 
         | I say: go back to basics. One good foundational point is
         | dispelling confusion and conflation around "intelligence". So
         | many people have woefully narrow and unexamined notions of
         | "intelligence". It wouldn't be unfair to say many people have
         | broken definitions. Broken because they just aren't good enough
         | to make meaningful progress in a modern world where many kinds
         | of agents display many different kinds of intelligence. Such
         | broken definitions are often too specific; too arbitrary; too
         | rooted in binary thinking.
         | 
         | Many of our current language patterns are liabilities. Not to
         | mention corporate and organizational cultures where hazy
         | definitions slide around and few people will admit that they
         | don't really know what others mean by the term. Sometimes it
         | feels like a big charade where no one wants to hurt anyone's
         | feelings nor appear uninformed. And so it goes, some kind of
         | elaborate mystical ritual where the confused participants lead
         | each other further into madness.
         | 
         | With this in mind, I find tremendous value in Stuart Russell's
         | definition of intelligence: the ability of an agent to solve
         | some task. An agent is anything that makes a decision: a human,
         | an animal, a system of any kind. This definition intentionally
         | leaves out any notion of (a) humans; (b) consciousness; (c)
         | some arbitrary quality line. This usage cuts through so much
         | bullsh*t. I highly recommend finding a way to shift
         | conversations towards it wherever possible. This isn't easy in
         | my experience. We have so much baggage and crufty thinking,
         | even we're able to put aside our baser instincts.
         | 
         | One might say that Russell's definition just "kicks the can
         | down the road". I don't think so. It encourages people to
         | define their metrics a bit more clearly -- hopefully out loud
         | or on paper -- for a particular context. It is one step closer
         | to clarifying things. One step in the right direction -- to
         | stop pretending like we all know each other means -- and
         | instead actually pose an answerable question.
         | 
         | Now, what about "general" intelligence you say? Well, one step
         | at a time. Wait until a group of people have demonstrated some
         | ability to find some kind of consensus on particular tasks. It
         | is hard work to socialize these ideas. Defining general
         | intelligence in meaningful ways is really hard and contentious.
         | It often becomes a lightning rod for all number of other
         | disagreements.
         | 
         | As one example, look at the shitstorm around various
         | sociological attempts to measure the general aspects of
         | intelligence in humans. Without attempting to summarize it in
         | any detail, there has been a huge dumpster fire involving: poor
         | statistical understanding, shoddy research, tone-deaf
         | communication, willful misinterpretation, accusations of
         | racism, and so on. There are pockets of truth in there, but
         | even trying finding the core nuggets of useful truth something
         | makes everything radioactive, depending on the context. A
         | typical person in modern culture is usually unable to calmly
         | make sense of these issues, and who can blame them? Statistical
         | understanding doesn't grow on trees. The same goes for
         | understanding machine learning theory.
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | Submitter here.
           | 
           | I came across the Gopnik piece after hearing her discuss it
           | on a recent episode of the _Complexity_ podcast from the
           | Santa Fe Institute (SFI). The series begins here:
           | <https://www.santafe.edu/culture/podcasts/ep-1-what-is-
           | intell...>.
           | 
           | As I recall _that_ episode doesn 't directly tackle what
           | intelligence is, though numerous others from the _Complexity_
           | back catalogue do, as does an episode from another podcast in
           | the New Books Network (NBN). Two specific approaches stand
           | out.
           | 
           | In the NBN episode, a discussion of the Turing Test makes
           | specific and detailed note of how that test side-steps the
           | question of what intelligence _is_ entirely by focusing on
           | what it _does_ , and specifically whether _an artificial
           | agent can convince a human interlocutor that it is
           | intelligent_ , through text-based interactions. I find this
           | particular approach (focusing on outputs and appearances
           | rather than inner states and motivations) _generally_ useful,
           | and not only for artificial behaviours. To a great extent,
           | for example, I find _what_ a person, organisation, or
           | institution does far more accessible and generally useful
           | than _why_ it does that. This isn 't to say that _ends_
           | (results /actions) are more significant than _means_ (causes
           | /motivations/intent), but they are accessible and
           | determinable with far less ambiguity or presumption.
           | _Knowing_ causes or motivations is useful for its predictive
           | value, but given even a small sampling of behaviours and
           | instances, it 's generally possible to posit or infer these
           | _to a useful degree_ without deep introspection.
           | 
           | Another approach, taken in multiple _Complexity_ episodes as
           | well as writings and discussions elsewhere, former SFI
           | president David Krakauer posits that _intelligence is search_
           | , and specifically search through a pattern space for a
           | solution or approach to some given problem. (See especially
           | "Ingenious: David Krakauer", _Nautilus_ 16 April 2015
           | <https://nautil.us/ingenious-david-krakauer-235383/>.)
           | 
           | I've put some thinking into an ontology of technological
           | mechanisms, where one of those is _information_ , consisting
           | generally of input (sensing, parsing), storage/retrieval,
           | output, and logic. Intelligence falls under logic, and I'd
           | argue involves comparisons on current and prior experience
           | (e.g., sensing and storage/retrieval), as well as applying
           | rules, algorithms, inferences, and the like (all forms of
           | logic, broadly). "Intelligence" then is a form of logic where
           | logic is generally _processing_ (as opposed to input
           | /output/storage) of information.
           | 
           | At what stage a human-like or general intelligence emerges is
           | of course somewhat nebulous. To quote a long-standing US
           | National Parks Service observation, there's a considerable
           | overlap between the smartest bears, and stupidest humans,
           | when it comes to storing and/or raiding food and garbage. In
           | the AI field, we've seen specific problems, applications,
           | domains, or however you'd choose to call them fall into the
           | class of those in which artificial search (or artificial
           | intelligence, though "search" may be more accurate in the
           | sense of "search through problem space to a useful solution)
           | routinely bests humans, including checkers (trivial), chess
           | (challenging), go (even more so), and now creative endeavours
           | such as image, music, and text generation.
           | 
           | (A professional classical musician friend recently told me
           | directly that at least _some_ of the AI compositions they 're
           | encountering are not only good but show what can only be
           | described as strong musical content and coherence as compared
           | to the classical tradition. I'd think that the standards for
           | popular music with its general simplicity would be far less
           | challenging, their assessment in this case strikes me as
           | notable.)
           | 
           | I'll also note I'm not especially enthusiastic about AI's
           | potential. The field has seen many periods of apparent rapid
           | progress followed by very long, often decades-long,
           | "winters". Recent progress, say, 2023 onward, has been
           | spectacular, but also seems to be somewhat stalling out and
           | showing profound limits. That isn't to say that new
           | approaches might come up with greater capabilities, cheaper
           | approaches, or both. China's DeepSeek, and the story of human
           | intelligence including the _shrinking_ of the braincase over
           | recent evolution despite greater apparent intelligence
           | suggests that efficiency gains may well be the path forward,
           | perhaps utilising something akin to Chomsky 's "universal
           | grammar" or grammar hierarchy, or notions of parsing and
           | grouping patterns within the human brain, whether through
           | genetic inheritance, direct experience, or education, might
           | be ways of drastically reducing size and analysis
           | requirements of training corpora. I think it's Krakauer again
           | (this time in a _Complexity_ episode) who notes that total
           | training set humans require to acquire basic linguistic
           | skills by, say, age 5, is roughly 5 MB of data. This is
           | _phenomenally_ less than current LLM AI models require, and
           | strongly suggests far greater possible efficiencies.
           | 
           | Another factor, discussed in the recent _Complexity_ series,
           | is that humans of course not only from reading texts, _but
           | from observing and interacting with our environment_. That 's
           | something AI presently does relatively little of, as I
           | understand it, though certain domains (e.g., autonomous
           | vehicles) may be applying this method. I'm not following
           | progress on this at all presently, though I suspect I should.
        
             | econ wrote:
             | The 5mb baby has me wonder.. In humans reasoning and
             | memorizing have overlapping usefulness. Ai is so incredibly
             | good at the later reasoning might be extremely undeveloped.
             | In rare occasions I've seen top human students fail to
             | question things they've learned that would have been very
             | obvious to someone with an IQ under 60. An accidental lack
             | of interaction with the data.
        
           | TwoPhonesOneKid wrote:
           | I would just chuck the idea of general intelligence out the
           | window. It seems to give us nothing anyway.
        
             | xpe wrote:
             | An overreaction and/or exaggeration I think. How hard have
             | you looked at the problem? Without a doubt, there are
             | common aspects of many kinds of intelligence.
        
               | TwoPhonesOneKid wrote:
               | Yes. The more I look at it, the more I see the concept of
               | general intelligence as a nonsensical one. What matters
               | is how good you are at solving a given task. I don't
               | think there's any good signal for general ability to
               | solve tasks.
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | I could go along with that, but then I'd want a
               | definition of _personhood_ that excludes chatbots, facial
               | recognition systems, cunning squirrels, and other task-
               | solvers. (Does  "solve" even fit with "task"? Well,
               | whatever.)
        
               | xpe wrote:
               | > I would just chuck the idea of general intelligence out
               | the window. It seems to give us nothing anyway.
               | 
               | This was the part that I think is exaggerated /
               | overstated.
        
               | xpe wrote:
               | > The more I look at it, the more I see the concept of
               | general intelligence as a nonsensical one.
               | 
               | "nonsensical"? This isn't the right word, is it?
               | 
               | The idea of general intelligence is certainly sensical,
               | in the sense that it is a coherent idea that is not
               | inherently self-contradictory.
               | 
               | The idea of general intelligence is also testable. Run
               | experiments and see how people do across a range of
               | tasks. If you run a set of proper experiments and still
               | cannot find any people that do better across the board,
               | such a result would probably suggest there is no
               | "general" intelligence in humans.
               | 
               | This is not the case however. Such experiments have been
               | run. In humans, there are definitely people who perform
               | better across the board. They almost certainly have
               | better brains (in some sense, though I'm not ruling out
               | more holistic explanations, such as better energy
               | reserves and better microbial health in their guts. (I'm
               | not saying they are "better" people in any moral sense,
               | to be clear).
               | 
               | Now, you might say "ok, but their brains require more
               | energy" or "they have a leg-up somehow". Perhaps, but
               | irrelevant to my core point: there is such a thing as
               | generalizable intelligence. (I didn't say perfectly
               | generalizable, of course.)
        
         | K0balt wrote:
         | I think this is relevant and adjacent at least:
         | https://open.substack.com/pub/ctsmyth/p/the-generative-ai-re...
        
       | pzh wrote:
       | This comparison overlooks the fact that, in the original
       | folktale, the stone soup remains a soup --- it never turns into a
       | ribeye steak. Similarly, in the AI version, an LLM will always
       | remain an LLM.
        
         | doitLP wrote:
         | But everyone benefits by eating the soup and has a good time
         | partying together.
         | 
         | The last page of the soldiers running away before the town
         | realizes they were tricked is interesting though.
        
       | kridsdale1 wrote:
       | The thesis appears to be that the CEOs are hoodwinking the
       | populace in to giving up their cultural wealth to build
       | proprietary systems.
       | 
       | But TFA also mentioned Wikipedia. Crowd-RLHF trained models are
       | the same. The people know they are volunteering their own labor
       | and information to improve the model because the model gives them
       | value and they want to share the value with humankind.
       | 
       | Everybody enjoys the soup.
        
         | xerox13ster wrote:
         | We gave Wiki the info. AI took the info. These things are not
         | the same.
        
           | CaptainFever wrote:
           | You cannot take information, as it can only be duplicated.
        
       | debo_ wrote:
       | I thought this was going to be about the NPC/monster AI in
       | Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup.
        
         | card_zero wrote:
         | It made me search to see if an actual AI has been trained to
         | play DCSS, and inevitably yes.
         | 
         | https://github.com/dtdannen/dcss-ai-wrapper
        
         | jncfhnb wrote:
         | I assumed the same
        
       | aamar wrote:
       | I would ask anyone making these kinds of deflationary arguments
       | to explain if the same argument can be applied to the best of
       | human creative work. Humans also use the raw materials of others,
       | whether that's words, musical scales, genres, idioms, or
       | anecdotes.
       | 
       | Where is the line between recapitulation and innovation? Is it a
       | line that we think current LLMs are definitely not crossing, and
       | definitely will not cross in the near future? If so, make that
       | argument.
        
         | sdwr wrote:
         | > Good artists copy, great artists steal
        
         | beepbooptheory wrote:
         | From TFA:
         | 
         | > To be fair, although the story is intended to be debunking,
         | the folktale also has a positive moral that applies to AI. The
         | collective resources of many humans can make something that no
         | individual could, and that really is magical.
         | 
         | Its not deflationary, its just about reframing, reattributing
         | what is so impressive about LLMs. We get so caught up in the
         | tech itself, _that_ it exists at all, understandably
         | considering the way the discourse goes, we don 't stop to
         | appreciate _how_ its even possible at all; that is, all of us
         | (broadly).
         | 
         | So many people just cant get past Sci-Fi mentality, they make
         | the current AI into a kind of weird but promising baby, but we
         | can also, much more easily and nicely, consider it a beautiful
         | reflection of human writing at large.
         | 
         | And whats even with all this constant pressure for it be more
         | than that? All the arguments, philosophical gotchas, weird
         | Skinnerism... Its like you're given a perfectly good hamburger
         | and all you can say is "this is _pretty much_ a steak if you
         | squint ".
        
           | aamar wrote:
           | Even with that paragraph, I still interpret the essay as
           | deflationary. Even though the stone has some role to play (as
           | a social trigger), it's materially different than the
           | carrots, onions, etc. (which provide actual nutrition and
           | flavor). We can draw clear distinctions. The question is
           | whether this difference-in-kind is real in the case of AIs.
           | 
           | I'd respond the same way to your hamburger vs. steak analogy.
           | Sure, sometimes the LLM gives us a fine burger and not a
           | steak, and it's best for us to have the right attitude in
           | that case.
           | 
           | But if LLM's can produce "steaks" (that is, whatever talented
           | humans do) in the imminent future, that has _enormous
           | practical impact_.
        
         | myflash13 wrote:
         | The line is the invention of actual, new, knowledge. LLMs have
         | so far failed to do that. LLMs have not made any significant
         | new discovery in any field. See Dwarkesh's Question:
         | https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2025/02/dw...
         | 
         | If AI was actually intelligent, it should've cured cancer by
         | now, based on the amount of data that it was fed.
        
       | Hasu wrote:
       | A couple of thoughts:
       | 
       | 1) The story of stone soup is the story of how some grifters got
       | a free meal. I don't think it's moral instruction, or an example
       | to be learned from, unless you are a grifter.
       | 
       | 2) In the stone soup example and in cases like Wikipedia, the
       | soup is freely shared with everyone, regardless of their
       | contributions. Is AI like that, or in the AI stone soup story,
       | are the travelers charging everyone for a bowl of soup? Doesn't
       | that change the story quite a bit?
        
         | sdwr wrote:
         | If you take off your cynicism-tinted glasses, it's the story of
         | how community is more than the sum of its parts, and how it
         | sometimes needs a "beautiful lie" as a catalyst (like justice,
         | or freedom!)
        
           | Hasu wrote:
           | If you think that community needs a group of strangers to con
           | them into coming together and being more than the sum of its
           | parts, you are more cynical than I am.
        
             | jimmaswell wrote:
             | Society at large depends on the collective belief in
             | society. It would stop existing tomorrow if everyone
             | stopped pretending it existed. Laws, court rulings, road
             | signs, it's all imaginary, but the collective illusion
             | allows us to accomplish a lot more than than the
             | alternative.
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | Numbers, language, boundaries between physical objects,
               | all imaginary. Space, time, meaning, France, you name it.
               | Alternatively: all real.
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | While I can see how it can be retold that way, the core plot-
           | mechanic is still (A) fraud by pot-stirrers and (B) greed by
           | participants.
           | 
           | At each step, the participant (especially the first) is
           | deliberately misled to believe that they can secure valuable
           | soup for less-valuable ingredients.
           | 
           | It is not an appeal to their better nature--in many tellings
           | the travelers have already tried that--but an appeal to their
           | _baser_ nature. For it to be a positive story, one must
           | accept that the ends have somehow justified the means.
        
             | sdwr wrote:
             | That's a good point!
        
       | wbakst wrote:
       | i like this so much
       | 
       | "stone soup" could be seen as a trick (to get the villagers to
       | provide that which they were previously unwilling), but i like
       | that it's multiple different villagers who provide individual
       | ingredients -- it's the coming together of everyone and their
       | individual contributions that ultimately makes the soup so good
        
         | scrumper wrote:
         | I first read this story in the back of the manual for a DOS
         | program called Fractint in the very early '90s. It was a super-
         | fast fractal generator made by a collective called the Stone
         | Soup Group. It's still around but the SSG disappeared years
         | ago.
         | 
         | The story stuck with me, I told it to my kids only a few weeks
         | ago.
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | My take on "Stone Soup" is that it was written as an allegory
         | for cooperation, as well as, perhaps, a guide to how to induce
         | it in the face of reluctance.
         | 
         | Of course, intent and outcome can differ, and Gopnik takes the
         | piece to a new place. But then, that's _also_ in the spirit of
         | the original as I read it (individual ingredients creating a
         | greater whole).
         | 
         | And of course, as with all metaphor and allegory, there are
         | limits to the comparison. But utility as well, and the point
         | that AI LLMs require significant additions on top of the LLM-
         | trained stones bears pointing out.
        
       | bigfishrunning wrote:
       | AI is only stone soup if a) you get charged for the soup after
       | adding your carrots and b) they heat the water by burning your
       | house down
        
       | htrp wrote:
       | This was one of the talks at Neurips 24 in Dec, highly recommend
        
       | tehjoker wrote:
       | I think the tension about AI is that yea, it is a reflection of
       | all of our contributions, but the benefits are privatized and
       | potentially used to deprive people of sustenance via automating
       | their jobs. The problem is capitalism, not the technology itself.
       | 
       | Science and technology can be used for social good. They are the
       | product of all of our efforts and knowledge combined with labor,
       | yet companies make big bucks selling them back to us while also
       | depriving people of things that they need, unless they are
       | fortunate enough to pay, and then they provide them in the most
       | blood sucking way possible.
        
       | topherjaynes wrote:
       | Gopnik is a great writer, and this is a very good take. She has a
       | great sense of how to bring psychology to tech. Also fun fact:
       | She's married to Alvy Ray Smith for all the computer
       | graphics/pixar fans out there. I'd love to here them debate tech
       | takes!
        
       | n4michael wrote:
       | > To be fair, although the story is intended to be debunking, the
       | folktale also has a positive moral that applies to AI.
       | 
       | So maybe in this story, LLMs are not so much the stones
       | (trickery) but rather the pot (the unlocking technology).
        
       | rcpt wrote:
       | > We have a magic algorithm that will make artificial general
       | intelligence from just gradient descent, next-token prediction,
       | and transformers
       | 
       | Which exec is this?
        
       | dosinga wrote:
       | It's a nice story and I get the bit about the culture, but it
       | does overlook the fact that you don't need the stones while you
       | very much do need the LLMs.
        
       | gwern wrote:
       | This is a terrible analogy. Stone soup is disanalogous to
       | generative AI models in almost every way that could matter. This
       | analogy offers no insight, and at best comes off as a pretext for
       | redistributive policies: "you mean _our_ generative AI models "
       | --Bugs Bunny
       | 
       | A stone soup does nothing by itself. It just sits there. LLMs do
       | not just sit there: Claude and o1/o3 and r1 are increasingly
       | active agents. Gopnik just plain ignores this, and indeed, says
       | already obviously false things like "For some time, I've argued
       | that a common conception of AI is misguided. This is the idea
       | that AI systems like large language and vision models are
       | individual intelligent agents, analogous to human agents.
       | Instead, I've argued that these models are "cultural
       | technologies" like writing, print, pictures, libraries, internet
       | search engines, and Wikipedia." But last I checked, I couldn't
       | ask 'a picture' to go research anime for me and summarize the
       | results, nor could I put it in a self-improving loop to learn how
       | to solve advanced math problems I can't even understand.
       | 
       | Ingredients in soups are used up and destroyed, and can only
       | contribute to one soup; copies of text do none of that.
       | 
       | The villagers had to go out of their way to proactively add
       | ingredients to the soup - indeed, that is the entire point of the
       | original moral! OP seems to think that people donated all the
       | data that they had "stashed away on the Internet" (what a
       | phrase). Whereas with generative models, they don't, and in fact,
       | that's a big reason many people are so mad.
       | 
       | Each ingredient added to the stone soup makes up a meaningful
       | percentage of the output; any single contribution to generative
       | models at the billions-scale is usually invisible and that
       | contribution can be omitted without any measurable change on just
       | about any metric.
       | 
       | Ingredients in soup may be tastier, but they are generally not
       | meaningfully more nutritious. A potato cooked on its own is as
       | nutritious and full of calories as it would be in the soup.
       | 
       | Soups can only be eaten, and eaten once. LLMs do a _lot_ of
       | things, which we are still discovering, and are reusable
       | indefinitely, and are already spreading out into fields no one
       | dreamed of (like in psychology  & economics, increasingly more
       | research is doing 'in silico' with LLMs as humans).
       | 
       | The villagers also donated their ingredients for free. The stone
       | itself does nothing and the 'soup maker' likewise does barely
       | nothing and contributes no ingredients but the stone. LLM
       | trainers spend literally tens to hundreds of billions of dollars,
       | including billions spent collectively on creating data through
       | Scale etc. (Rumor has it that OA and Anthropic alone are spending
       | hundreds of millions of dollars on expert programmers and other
       | PhD specialties and that this is part of why their models are so
       | much better.) Notably, the little mention of 'Kenya' implies they
       | do it for free as they "jump at the chance" - obviously, the
       | actual Kenyan villagers are very interested in being paid.
       | 
       | Making the soup doesn't make making future soups cheaper nor does
       | it make the future soups tastier; making LLMs drives experience
       | curves which are some of the fastest ever documented, which is
       | why the cost of high-quality outputs has dropped by multiple
       | orders of magnitude in just years, outpacing Moore's law.
       | 
       | So... no. There is pretty much no way in which LLM is like a
       | 'stone soup', except in the vague sense that both involve a lot
       | of humans at some point, I guess.
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | I'll grant that LLMs do more than just sit there, but what
         | Gopnik is pointing out is that, at least as of last August (in
         | a very rapidly progressing field), they also do not, _of
         | themselves_ approach AGI without the addition of numerous other
         | ingredients, particularly training data, alignment, and prompt
         | engineering.
         | 
         | One could argue that in the original allegory, the stones don't
         | merely sit _either_ , but contribute (with some clever
         | persuasive rhetoric) to facilitating the cooperation required
         | to brew a compelling stew.
         | 
         |  _All_ analogies melt if you push them loudly enough.
        
           | gwern wrote:
           | > They also do not, of themselves approach AGI without the
           | addition of numerous other ingredients, particularly training
           | data, alignment, and prompt engineering.
           | 
           | That's also not true. A base LLM like GPT-3, without _any_
           | (specialized) training data, alignment, or prompt
           | engineering, embodied quite a bit of agency (able to answer
           | questions, simulate coding, or take actions in a while-loop),
           | and in principle, can be AGI if scaled up. Consider Gato for
           | an example: no alignment, no prompt engineering, just a GPT
           | on data. This is unlike a stone soup which is _completely_
           | un-nutritious without the villagers donating _all_ the edible
           | ingredients to make an actual soup, where the stone itself
           | does nothing (a LLM definitely does something); the two
           | scenarios are different qualitatively, not just
           | quantitatively. Gopnik 's analogy and goal for her analogy
           | are both irretrievably flawed.
           | 
           | > All analogies melt if you push them loudly enough.
           | 
           | This analogy didn't melt after being pushed too far. It
           | caught on fire spontaneously in the garage while no one was
           | looking before half the parts arrived or had been unpacked.
        
       | CaptainFever wrote:
       | I compared stone soup to AI before, but for very different
       | reasons. That is, you cannot convince the villagers to contribute
       | their data/food by appealing to them; rather, you have to trick
       | them into giving up their data/food. But the result is bigger
       | than the sum of its parts, including the villagers (if they are
       | willing to drink the soup).
       | 
       | IRL, the trick is ToSes and pro-AI laws. Meanwhile, some
       | villagers may be willing to contribute in the first place: those
       | will be free culture advocates, public domain advocates, pirates,
       | etc.
        
       | antonkar wrote:
       | Another metaphor: We can build the Artificial Static Place
       | Intelligence - instead of creating AI/AGI agents that are like
       | librarians who only give you quotes from books and don't let you
       | enter the library itself to read the whole books. Why not expose
       | the whole library - the entire multimodal language model - to
       | real people, for example, in a computer game?
       | 
       | To make this place easier to visit and explore, we could make a
       | digital copy of our planet Earth and somehow expose the contents
       | of the multimodal language model to everyone in a familiar, user-
       | friendly UI of our planet.
       | 
       | We should not keep it hidden behind the strict librarian (AI/AGI
       | agent) that imposes rules on us to only read little quotes from
       | books that it spits out while it itself has the whole output of
       | humanity stolen.
       | 
       | We can explore The Library without any strict guardian in the
       | comfort of our simulated planet Earth on our devices, in VR, and
       | eventually through some wireless brain-computer interface (it
       | would always remain a game that no one is forced to play, unlike
       | the agentic AI-world that is being imposed on us more and more
       | right now and potentially forever)
        
       | 2099miles wrote:
       | Great post
        
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