[HN Gopher] Bifurcation: The secret giant islands formed when ri...
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       Bifurcation: The secret giant islands formed when rivers split
        
       Author : webstrand
       Score  : 79 points
       Date   : 2025-02-26 15:58 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (starkeycomics.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (starkeycomics.com)
        
       | Retric wrote:
       | It's surprising how common this is.
       | 
       | Other examples:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_bifurcation#Examples
        
       | jetrink wrote:
       | The article that follows that one is also very interesting and
       | worth reading. It shows how a coastline that existed 100 million
       | years ago and cut through modern day Alabama is still visible in
       | demographic and election maps. (By a crazy coincidence, I just
       | dug up that article and sent it to someone not even half an hour
       | ago, since we were talking about geology and I remembered reading
       | it. Then I go to HN and see this posted.)
       | 
       | 1. https://starkeycomics.com/2021/06/11/how-a-
       | coastline-100-mil...
        
         | orangesun wrote:
         | Synchronicity
        
         | debacle wrote:
         | An interesting phenomenon. I remember reading similar articles
         | about how, in older cities, the closer you lived to the water
         | the more poor you were, but in newer cities the opposite is
         | true. This rings true for many rust belt cities, and it makes
         | gentrification a complex issue because public housing tends to
         | have been built on what has become some of the most expensive
         | real estate today.
        
       | arcticfox wrote:
       | Very cool, I just learned about these recently. I wonder, at what
       | point does something become not eligible to be an island? Like,
       | that biggest island looks like almost half of North America.
       | Doesn't that make the other half an even bigger island?
        
       | slongfield wrote:
       | The parting of the waters in the USA is such an interesting
       | landmark for just how uninteresting it actually is in person.
       | Looks like any other split in a forest river, marked by a sign on
       | a tree that you can only see after a long wilderness hike.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parting_of_the_Waters
       | 
       | https://www.anotherlongwalk.com/2022/07/day-119-parting-of-w...
        
       | elf25 wrote:
       | Bifurcation occurs at the Great Lakes, where the Mississippi
       | flows into the gulf and the St. Lawrence empties into the
       | Atlantic. This forms the "great loop", a circumnavigation course
       | known by many power boaters . This makes about half of the United
       | States and island by your definitions.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | The Chicago - Great Lakes connection is man made, so doesn't
         | count per the methodology of the OP.
        
           | Nevermark wrote:
           | So North and South America are not the North and South Panama
           | Canal Islands. Got it!
        
       | kibwen wrote:
       | Most of the population of Bangladesh lives on what is technically
       | an island created by the forking of the Brahmaputra, whose
       | distributaries rejoin 150 miles away (as the crow flies).
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmaputra_River#Bangladesh
        
       | jameshart wrote:
       | This is not to take away from the fun of investigating and
       | identifying these 'bifurcation islands', but on the question of
       | whether they qualify as 'islands':
       | 
       | > Like a delta island, it is surrounded entirely by sea and
       | rivers. As an area of land separate from a continent, permanently
       | and entirely surrounded by water, it seems to fit every
       | definition of an island I can find.
       | 
       | I agree that by 'Air Bud' rules these qualify as islands ('ain't
       | no rule says an island can't have one end halfway up a mountain
       | and the other at sea level') but I think there is a reason why we
       | don't instinctively feel like they qualify as 'proper islands'.
       | 
       | Specifically, I think the instinctive definition of an island is
       | that it emerges from the water surrounding it at a _consistent
       | elevation_. It has a shoreline that is broadly level.
       | 
       | The delta islands that he identifies as being basically the same
       | as bifurcation islands are typically surrounded by tidal water on
       | all sides so their shoreline is all at sea level.
       | 
       | Counterpoint, though: Goat Island, which is in the middle of
       | Niagara Falls, and has one end at the elevation of Lake Erie and
       | the other at the lower elevation of Lake Ontario. Does this feel
       | like a 'proper island'? I know in my mind I sort of struggle to
       | think of Goat Island as being an island, not two islands that
       | happen to be right next to one another... but I can adjust my
       | mental definition of island to account for it; but extending it
       | to the continent-spanning bifurcation islands still feels too
       | much of a stretch.
       | 
       | This is like the 'dwarf planet' problem - there wasn't a good way
       | to make Pluto a planet without making a lot of things that
       | definitely aren't planets also count as planets.
       | 
       | Is there a good way to make Goat Island an island, without also
       | making the bifurcation islands into islands?
       | 
       | Also... Australia is clearly an island by this definition. But
       | then so is Antarctica.. and the entire Americas. And the
       | Eurasian/African supercontinent...
        
         | rusk wrote:
         | Presumably (with little more than an 8 y/o grasp of astronomy),
         | Pluto's orbit being consistent with the other heliocentric
         | planets gave it an extra qualifier?
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | It's not consistent with the other planets though. Mercury is
           | off by 7 degrees, the other planets are within 3.
           | 
           | Pluto meanwhile is 17 degrees off the ecliptic so it's a
           | serious outer.
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | I resolve these things is by remembering that words are only
         | approximate definitions of real world concepts.
         | 
         | This means there will always be a fuzzy area where it's not
         | clear if the word covers it or not. I recommend not trying to
         | determine _exactly_ what the boundaries of the word are. Try
         | using more /other words instead.
         | 
         | This may be an easier thing to internalize when you know more
         | than one language.
        
           | jameshart wrote:
           | I'm extremely comfortable with fuzzy boundaries but the
           | article in question literally invites the subject of 'why are
           | these things islands and these other things not?'
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | OK, That's a relevant context that I missed.
        
         | madcaptenor wrote:
         | Wikipedia's list of islands
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area) starts
         | with a separate table for "continental landmasses", containing
         | Afro-Eurasia, the Americas, Antarctica, and Australia.
         | Australia is ~3.5 times the size of Greenland (the #5 landmass)
         | so between Australia and Greenland seems a nice place to draw
         | the lint.
         | 
         | But Greenland is in turn ~2.5 times the size of #6 New Guinea.
         | Maybe if Greenland were more populated (let's imagine, say,
         | that the Earth's axis is positioned differently so that it's
         | warmer there) it would be considered a continent?
        
         | poizan42 wrote:
         | Maybe a more natural way to make the distinction is by looking
         | at the average width of the body of water seperating the
         | landmass relative to the area of the landmass. That is an
         | island is a landmass that has an area (A) of at least A_min and
         | at most A_max and is either
         | 
         | a) Surrounded by a body of water with average width W_avg where
         | W_avg > f_min*sqrt(A) - or
         | 
         | b) Surrounded by a body of water with average width W_avg where
         | W_avg > W_min
         | 
         | Fill in the constants A_min, A_max, f_min and W_min to get as
         | close as possible to real world usage of the word "island".
        
         | eesmith wrote:
         | I'm quite taken by your Goat Island example - thanks for
         | mentioning it!
        
       | npodbielski wrote:
       | I though this about running multiple nvme disks on single PCIE
       | slot. https://www.asus.com/support/faq/1037507/
        
       | hydrogen7800 wrote:
       | > The Missouri is the largest tributary of the Mississippi River,
       | which flows into the Gulf of Mexico
       | 
       | He must mean longest. This chart[0] shows that the Ohio is by far
       | the largest tributary of the Mississippi by volumetric flow, and
       | also shows the Atchafalaya bifurcation. However, the wiki
       | articles for the Missouri[1] and Ohio[2] show average discharges
       | into the Mississippi of 87,520 cu ft/s and 281,000 cu ft/s,
       | respectively. Not as great a difference as the first chart [0]
       | shows, but still significantly different. Even more interesting,
       | since the Missouri drainage basin is about 2.5x larger.
       | 
       | [0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River#/media/File:..
       | .
       | 
       | [1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_River
       | 
       | [2]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_River
        
       | spencefu wrote:
       | As always, there's an xkcd for that: https://xkcd.com/2838/
        
       | BurningFrog wrote:
       | As a kid I found a bifurcation island in northern Sweden, that
       | may be bigger than Gotland, the conventionally biggest island in
       | Sweden.
       | 
       | It's formed by the Tarendo River which flows from the Torne river
       | to Kalix river.
       | 
       | It's supposedly the second biggest bifurcation in the world:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4rend%C3%B6_River
       | 
       | This is the best image I found:
       | https://www.smhi.se/polopoly_fs/1.30940.1490013619!/image/%C...
        
       | EdwardDiego wrote:
       | I live near what used to be several of these - Kaiapoi
       | Island,Coutts Island, McLeans Island, Templar Island, no doubt
       | forgetting some.
       | 
       | Created by the Waimakariri River splitting into 3 branches as it
       | neared the ocean.
       | 
       | They're no longer islands as the two side-branches of the river
       | caused repeated severe floods in colonial days, so large civil
       | engineering efforts went into restraining the river, ultimately
       | leading to the south branch and north branch being blocked by
       | large stopbanks and riprap cassions.
       | 
       | Both branches were then utilised to drain water from high
       | fertility but swampy ground.
       | 
       | Because NZ's braided rivers lend themselves to wandering
       | channels, we've still got some decent sized river islands -
       | Rakaia Island, Rangitata Island.
        
       | Onavo wrote:
       | Lyapunov is calling and wants his terminology back.
        
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       (page generated 2025-02-26 23:00 UTC)