[HN Gopher] History of CAD
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       History of CAD
        
       Author : nill0
       Score  : 126 points
       Date   : 2025-02-25 03:36 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.shapr3d.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.shapr3d.com)
        
       | tape_measure wrote:
       | I'll have to work through the 650 pages.
       | 
       | I use CATIA v5 every day, first released in 1998. It's sharp and
       | crusty and huge, but does everything (with the right license).
        
         | smartis2812 wrote:
         | Me too. But I really looking forward to it.
        
         | nraynaud wrote:
         | Funny, I'm French, and I know people who developed a bit of it.
        
           | buildsjets wrote:
           | If you really push CATIA hard, you can get it to crash in
           | French, or at least crash with a poorly translated error
           | message.
           | 
           | "The Document cannot be unloaded because he is dirty" was one
           | of my favorites.
        
             | satiric wrote:
             | I like the "Click OK to terminate" error. As though it
             | wants to make sure it has my permission to crash.
        
         | buildsjets wrote:
         | Crusty it is. The fillet tool STILL totally sucks after 27
         | years, and I STILL frequently find myself needing to define
         | surface geometry, fillet the surface, and use that to split the
         | solid rather than just directly filleting the solid, in order
         | to get the same type of fillet intersections that you get when
         | you machine the part.
        
       | rdtsc wrote:
       | > Lemon felt strongly that timesharing systems were the wave of
       | the future and that SDRC should focus on providing software on
       | these systems rather than license its software for a one-time
       | fee. Initially, the company sold ANSYS and NASTRAN on a
       | timesharing basis using computers operated by U. S. Steel.
       | 
       | SDRC did SaaS in the 1970s, before SaaS was cool.
       | 
       | > In September 1994 the company announced that it would be
       | restating its revenues and earning for 1992 through the first
       | half of 1994 to include a $30 million charge relating to sales
       | discrepancies in its Asian operations [...] The company
       | immediately terminated Tony Tolani, a vice president and general
       | manager of SDRC's Far Eastern Operations.
       | 
       | I was going to say they cooked the books before it was cool, too,
       | but that's a much older trick. They claimed they sold all this
       | software while in reality they just dumped it in some warehouse
       | at the Cincinnati airport. Then proceeded to sell their shares
       | before shit hit fan. SEC link with more details:
       | https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/lr15325.txt
       | 
       | That is to say the downright corrupt and shady sales and
       | management team almost killed the company. It recovered
       | eventually and ended up being bought by EDS
       | 
       | > While the software's geometric modeling capabilities were
       | improved it was the package's user interface that really
       | impressed me. Icon menus typically were only two levels deep
       | compared to five and six levels in other systems [...] I wrote in
       | the April 1995 issue of EAReport: "I-DEAS has the best
       | interactive user interface available today for mechanical design
       | and analysis.
       | 
       | I agree. Its interface would look odd and clunky by today's
       | metrics and might even been considered unusual at that time, but
       | it was really nice to use after some practice. They seemingly put
       | some effort into its design.
        
         | branko_d wrote:
         | I remember working with SDRC I-DEAS API in the early 2000s - it
         | was well documented and "clean looking" compared to something
         | like PTC's Pro/TOOLKIT. Interestingly, it was also CORBA-based,
         | and it worked quite well over LAN.
        
           | rdtsc wrote:
           | I worked on I-DEAS briefly, on the FEM part, but not the UI,
           | so never got the chance to talk to the UI team. It was a wild
           | time. Windows NT was taking the CAD/CAE world by storm,
           | especially with much cheaper graphics cards available. We
           | still supported SGI, AIX, HP, Sun, but the writing was on the
           | wall already, and there was a break-neck pace to port
           | everything to Windows.
        
         | paulryanrogers wrote:
         | > They claimed they sold all this software while in reality
         | they just dumped it in some warehouse at the Cincinnati
         | airport. Then proceeded to sell their shares before shit hit
         | fan.
         | 
         | Now crypto bros can just nakedly pump and dump. We live in
         | interesting times.
        
       | ofrzeta wrote:
       | I recently learned that there is a free community edition of
       | Solid Edge: https://resources.sw.siemens.com/en-US/download-
       | solid-edge-c...
       | 
       | According to the History of CAD Solid Edge originally came from
       | Intergraph. Many packages/kernels seem to have changed hands over
       | the course of decades.
        
       | rurban wrote:
       | Good counter on John Walker's "The Autodesk File"
       | https://www.fourmilab.ch/autofile/
        
       | delhanty wrote:
       | Seeing as David Weisberg's "History of CAD" is trending today I
       | submitted "History of Unigraphics" by 3 of the original
       | Unigraphics 7 dwarfs.
       | 
       | Edit: Unigraphics X SDRC became the system we know today as
       | Siemens NX
       | 
       | It came out at the end of 2024 - these guys must all be around 80
       | by now.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43169194
        
       | vincnetas wrote:
       | tangential : I still can't get over the idea that shapr3d license
       | is subscription only. You cannot buy the software. This means
       | that your whole work/workflows ceases to exist if you not
       | continuing to pay. No fallback option.
        
         | WillAdams wrote:
         | Unfortunately, the printing industry rolled over for Adobe and
         | set a precedent.
         | 
         | An alternative to Shapr3D might be: https://www.plasticity.xyz/
         | which has an interesting license and licensing model (I bought
         | a Studio license at launch, but haven't used it since).
         | 
         | Fortunately, FreeCAD is markedly improved, and for folks who
         | want something light-weight and intuitive, I would recommend
         | trying: Dune 3D as discussed here previously:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37979758
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40228068
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40228257
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41975958
        
           | bsimpson wrote:
           | I just started using CAD last week, but as I understand:
           | 
           | - Plasticity is so expensive because it uses one of the major
           | kernels (SIEMENS Parasolid). Most of the licensing fee
           | actually goes to them. You can find the Show HN post with a
           | much cheaper price before he changed kernels.
           | 
           | - There was a firm called Ondsel that was trying to improve
           | the UX of FreeCAD by selling a fork. It recently folded. One
           | of their employees is trying the same as AstoCAD. The idea is
           | that you fund the development of FreeCAD, and you get the
           | improved binaries before the work lands upstream.
        
             | WillAdams wrote:
             | That is my understanding as well.
             | 
             | Curious what CAD program (programs?) you are using and what
             | sort of work you are doing and how you are approaching it.
        
               | bsimpson wrote:
               | I'm using Fusion 360. It seems to have the best community
               | support.
               | 
               | I work at a big company that likes to claim ownership of
               | anything I create while I'm on contract. Fusion is free
               | until you earn more than $1k from your making, but I
               | don't expect to earn anything from it while I'm employed.
               | 
               | This video is a little slow, but it does give you an
               | overview of the UI:
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/8VFOVxdi4Qs
               | 
               | And this one teaches you enough to start making things:
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/xJihYVwkCqw
               | 
               | I used 3ds Max in high school and have been a lifelong
               | user of the Adobe suite, so I just needed enough to know
               | where the buttons are and what the core workflow looks
               | like.
               | 
               | I've got a few projects going.
               | 
               | I just moved into a new apartment, and I'd like to sculpt
               | some hangers - one to mount a speaker on the TV, and a
               | pair to hang my old Rock Band guitars on the wall. I
               | think I'm gonna do the engineering in Fusion and then
               | sculpt the aesthetics in Tilt Brush.
               | 
               | Speaking of Rock Band, I've discovered a graveyard of
               | neglected plastic instruments in the game room at work,
               | as well as an open source Arduino/Raspberry Pi firmware
               | that will allow them to work with any game, donglefree.
               | I'm designing a new USB faceplate and brackets to make
               | the new boards fit the existing standoffs, so I can
               | refurbish them.
               | 
               | https://santroller.tangentmc.net
               | 
               | Finally, my new kitchen island has a frustratingly short
               | drawer. I cut the back off it and bought longer rails.
               | I'm designing spacers and jigs to help me keep it square
               | and level as I reinstall the extended version.
        
               | WillAdams wrote:
               | Have you considered how Autodesk arrived at that level of
               | community support and how the license for Fusion 360 has
               | changed over the years? (and is subject to change in the
               | future).
               | 
               | My comment from a Reddit discussion on Fusion 360 license
               | changes:
               | 
               | >Translation:
               | 
               | >We have extracted all the beta-testing which we wanted
               | for free out of naive users
               | 
               | >and are now taking our game over to the other field
               | where we can charge admission.
               | 
               | https://old.reddit.com/r/hobbycnc/comments/itw4d7/autodes
               | k_i...
        
               | bsimpson wrote:
               | Honestly, I'm more interested in getting these projects
               | made than in "what if"ing the future. I have a hard time
               | imagining my needs exceeding what I expect to remain in
               | the hobbyist sphere, and I have the ability to transfer
               | my skillset to another tool when the time comes.
               | 
               | I'd rather spend a month trying things out with the free
               | thing with lots of reference material than go off on my
               | own path spending hundreds on some indie software that I
               | might only use a few times.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | None of those events have had any impact on me as a hobby
               | user of Fusion 360. Sure, it's subject to change. The
               | software is a business for them. I know a lot of people
               | got worked up over this. I do not see any alternative
               | that is as cost-effective and functional.
        
             | s1mon wrote:
             | In the world of CAD, Plasticity is only expensive when
             | compared with free tools. The "Indie" version is $149USD,
             | and yes a lot of that cost apparently goes to paying
             | Siemens for a Parasolid license. Shapr3D is also Parasolid
             | based, along with NX, Solidworks, Onshape and a bunch of
             | others.
        
           | nullc wrote:
           | When I saw this thread I wanted to toss a comment in: If you
           | used FreeCAD prior to 1.0 and abandoned it because editing
           | past operations was an exercise in frustration-- give it a
           | try. It now seems to be as robust in editing as solidworks or
           | onshape is.. and is now quite usable.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | There's an interesting cultural divide here. Probably a
         | majority of mechanical and electrical designers still think
         | it's risky and weird to use software that doesn't come from a
         | vendor. Even though they experience occasional outages when
         | something goes wrong with the license billing and payment. The
         | electricals are a bit further along, I think because they're
         | closer to the programming world.
        
           | jwagenet wrote:
           | I think it's more that management in this space is very
           | traditional and from a business perspective there's not much
           | downside to a subscription. The individual engineers don't
           | really have a choice in cad package anyway and frankly, the
           | alternatives still suck in mechanical space.
           | 
           | Not to mention, file formats between packages are sort of
           | interoperable, but often the design history cannot be
           | transferred. It's not like software land where if a vendor
           | goes down (and the code is reasonably structured), an
           | organization can mostly replace it with substitutes.
        
         | monkmartinez wrote:
         | They have a neat program, but its really hard to defend their
         | pricing model. I gave it a shot and its just way too expensive
         | given the functionality. Yes, they are constantly improving,
         | but the price for me is just too much considering alternatives.
         | 
         | Read through this discourse topic:
         | https://discourse.shapr3d.com/t/why-there-is-no-plan-for-hob...
         | 
         | I don't understand why they do what they do when it comes to
         | pricing.
        
       | nraynaud wrote:
       | I don't seem to find a dead tree version of the book. I don't
       | know how much work it entails, but maybe the profits of such a
       | sale could go to the good cause they were advertising?
       | 
       | Maybe it's the right opportunity to ask if you know a good online
       | service for printing/assembling of big documents.
        
         | delhanty wrote:
         | >Becoming a book publisher wasn't on my bingo card when I
         | started Shapr3D. Yet here we go! For now, it's only available
         | to select customers--but if there's enough interest, we'll make
         | it accessible to the public. The book spans 860 pages and
         | weighs approximately 3 kg--just as heavy as CAD is.
         | 
         | Become a select customer of Shapr3D and their CEO Istvan
         | Csanady might send you one.
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/istvan_csanady/status/188829861216722566...
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Is there an overview of which software is using what kernel?
        
         | nill0 wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_modeling_kernel
         | 
         | "Kernel developers section"
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Thanks!
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | In the open source world there are 2 (maybe 3) geometry kernels
         | that handle NURBS and can produce STEP files. Open Cascade,
         | which is GPL now but had a commercial origin. It's quite good
         | and is used in FreeCAD, Salome, KiCAD (EDA), Horizon EDA, Dune
         | 3d, and probably several more. And then Solvespace which is the
         | only user of it's own bespoke kernel which we are still trying
         | to make more robust. This one is also limited to a certain
         | subset of NURBS constructs but is still quite useful.
         | 
         | Open Cascade may be the most difficult piece of FLOSS IP to
         | recreate outside the Linux Kernel. In fact I'd say it'd be
         | harder to replace given the number of people with interest and
         | the background to work on these two different type of software.
        
           | gorgoiler wrote:
           | Thank you so much for all the work you and your colleagues do
           | to bring solvespace to the world.
           | 
           | I believe it has the potential to be one of -- and probably
           | already is in -- a class of super impactful, all time classic
           | pieces of software alongside the likes of Firefox, Gimp,
           | Inkscape, et al.
        
             | WillAdams wrote:
             | Agreed, though I would put it in a more rarified category
             | of "Opensource software which has innovated in terms of
             | interface in a unique and meaningful fashion." --- other
             | tools I put in this space are:
             | 
             | - LyX
             | 
             | - pyspread
             | 
             | - ipe
        
           | rjsw wrote:
           | Solvespace only seems to have simple STEP export, Open
           | Cascade can import STEP as well.
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | >> Solvespace only seems to have simple STEP export...
             | 
             | And it will probably stay that way. STEP is a huge
             | specification and solvespace only supports a small subset
             | of the features of it. In particular it doesn't do complex
             | NURBS curves or surfaces, it only supports rational Bezier
             | curves and surfaces up to degree 3. It does support trimmed
             | surfaces which result from boolean operations and which
             | most other OSS NURBS libraries do not handle.
             | 
             | Some day I'd like to get it to import what it can -
             | particularly its own output - but that's a very low
             | priority since it would be quite limited.
             | 
             | BTW gcad3d has fairly extensive STEP I/O with its own GPL3
             | C code (so we could start with that). I'm still not sure
             | what that tool is mostly for - it seems to be more for CAM
             | simulation? but I'm not sure.
        
               | rjsw wrote:
               | I would use the STEP I/O library from Open Cascade (or
               | BRL-CAD), they are closer to how we expect someone to
               | read and write STEP models, neither are really tied to
               | the parent CAD system. The one in BRL-CAD does have
               | problems compiling a feature of the latest STEP
               | standards.
               | 
               | One thing missing from the subject of the thread was any
               | history of the exchange formats.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Will geometry kernels ever be fully robust, or is there still
           | a holy grail to be discovered here?
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | >> Will geometry kernels ever be fully robust, or is there
             | still a holy grail to be discovered here?
             | 
             | WRT robustness maybe not. Even the commercial ones tend to
             | fail in certain situations. I'm not sure if there's a
             | widely desired holy grail people are looking for and I
             | don't even know what that would look like. I might
             | recognize it if it appeared, but maybe not.
             | 
             | BTW for FEA I think a major new thing is available in
             | Altair products the last couple years.
        
       | WillAdams wrote:
       | I've been reading through a PDF on my Kindle Scribe which I
       | downloaded from the original site --- it's a great overview, and
       | most importantly, includes citations and references to the
       | various papers where folks shared their research/progress.
       | 
       | These days of course, one would just get _The Essentials of CAGD_
       | and similar texts, or read: https://pomax.github.io/bezierinfo/
       | or watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvPPXbo87ds
       | 
       | Highly recommended for anyone who wants an understanding of how
       | modern CAD software came about.
       | 
       | For my part, I have found it invaluable in working on my current
       | project as described at:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43159236
        
         | anoother wrote:
         | A PDF of the submission? Would be grateful if you had a link; I
         | can't seem to find one on the website.
        
           | WillAdams wrote:
           | Is it up on archive.org?
           | 
           | https://web.archive.org/web/20230325080337/https://www.cadhi.
           | ..
           | 
           | if not, drop me an e-mail at my username here @aol.com and
           | I'll dig it out.
        
             | seemaze wrote:
             | found a PDF copy here: http://images.designworldonline.com.
             | s3.amazonaws.com/CADhist...
        
       | rjsw wrote:
       | Spotted one typo, the reference to Hanchette in the section on
       | Matra Datavision should be Hachette.
       | 
       | That section could also mention that the Matra software is now
       | opensource.
        
         | ghostly_s wrote:
         | Why are you telling us?
        
       | scarygliders wrote:
       | Hmmm, no mention of Teknicad? sadface
       | 
       | I seem to be the only person (along with 3 others who were my
       | cow-orkers) who ever used or heard of Teknicad , running on
       | Tektronix Unix workstations and terminals :)
        
       | buildsjets wrote:
       | One thing about this history is that it kind of light on the
       | development of CAM, Computer Aided Manufacturing, which was co-
       | developed along with CAD, and in some cases was actually a
       | predecessor to CAD.
       | 
       | I recommend "A Possible First Use of CAM/CAD" by Norman Sanders
       | as a short history of CAM in the 1950s/1960s.
       | 
       | https://inria.hal.science/hal-01526813
        
       | brcmthrowaway wrote:
       | How does Shapr compare to FreeCAD?
        
       | satiric wrote:
       | Here's a neat paper about Boeing's use of CAD and CAM in the 50s
       | and 60s. I particularly like the story about their first
       | computer-made part drawings. There were no printers, and plotters
       | were too inaccurate; but they had CNC mills and they realized "if
       | you can cut in three dimensions, you can certainly scratch in
       | two." So Boeing's first computer-made part drawings were engraved
       | on sheets of aluminum.
       | 
       | https://inria.hal.science/hal-01526813v1/document
        
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       (page generated 2025-02-25 23:02 UTC)