[HN Gopher] Meta claims torrenting pirated books isn't illegal w...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Meta claims torrenting pirated books isn't illegal without proof of
       seeding
        
       Author : isaacfrond
       Score  : 580 points
       Date   : 2025-02-21 10:01 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | contravariant wrote:
       | Well, I guess it would be nice if we could have some precedent
       | for the claim that _downloading_ copyright protected information
       | is not in itself a breach of copyright.
       | 
       | It makes sense from the point of view that _distribution_ is the
       | act protected by copyright, not the mere act of _copying_. If
       | that sounds odd to you then that 's probably on purpose, There's
       | been plenty of opportunity to rename copyright to authorrights or
       | something similar, but then people might start wondering how
       | keeping something from public domain for 90 years after the
       | author's death could possibly be about protecting the rights of
       | the author.
        
         | latexr wrote:
         | Author rights wouldn't be an accurate term. Copy rights do not
         | necessarily belong to the author, even when they are alive.
         | Distribution rights or "distrights" would make more sense for
         | your argument.
        
           | contravariant wrote:
           | Works fine in Dutch law really, you just have to allow for
           | the option that a company can be an author. A work could also
           | have multiple authors.
           | 
           | I prefer it to a name that's more accurate because it signals
           | what the _purpose_ of the law is, which I consider more
           | important than its implementation.
           | 
           | Now that I think of it that also works quite well when naming
           | things in software. Don't name things after their
           | implementation, when you can help it.
        
           | scotty79 wrote:
           | They are called "authorship rights" in Polish. While the
           | right to distribute or make copies doesn't aleways belong to
           | the author they always originate from author. And some are
           | even non transferable or revocable, like the right to say "I,
           | <my chosen name>, made this thing"
        
           | hnbad wrote:
           | In some jurisdictions (e.g. Germany) "copyright" belongs
           | exclusively to the author/creator and is non-transferrable,
           | the German word for "copyright" ( _Urheberrecht_ ) also
           | literally translates to "author's right"). So instead of
           | transferring copyright to an entity (e.g. the employer) you
           | only grant an "exclusive, transferrable and unrestricted"
           | license to that entity, essentially prohibiting you from
           | using it without their permission while technically still
           | retaining that right. This is also why CC0 exists as a
           | substitute for a public domain declaration because in these
           | jurisdictions it is literally impossible to transfer your
           | copyright to the public domain.
           | 
           | In Germany copyright law there is actually one provision for
           | the real transfer of copyright: death. So as far as copyright
           | is concerned, the transfer of copyright requires literally
           | _death of the author_ - which might get a chuckle out of
           | people into media studies.
        
             | FabHK wrote:
             | In case you didn't chuckle:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Death_of_the_Author
        
           | grotorea wrote:
           | I think the equivalent is called author's right in civil law
           | countries
        
         | miki123211 wrote:
         | "distribution is the act protected by copyright" was the rule
         | all along in many (non-US) jurisdictions, not an American so
         | not sure about how the US does things.
         | 
         | This is why you often see people getting fines for torrenting
         | (Germany is extremely notorious for this for example), but
         | fines for _using_ Usenet, IPTV, streaming or book download
         | services are a lot more rare (which doesn 't mean they're
         | nonexistent)!
         | 
         | Operating / selling / promoting those services is a different
         | matter, and most sensationalist articles about "people fined
         | for IPTV piracy" are actually about people involved with that
         | businesss, not the users.
         | 
         | I even remember reading about some (European) torrenting case
         | that was successfully defended on the grounds of something like
         | setting a 1 byte per second cap on uploads, but I can't find
         | the source right now.
        
           | codetrotter wrote:
           | > This is why you often see people getting fines for
           | torrenting (Germany is extremely notorious for this for
           | example), but fines for using Usenet, IPTV, streaming or book
           | download services are a lot more rare (which doesn't mean
           | they're nonexistent)!
           | 
           | It's a _lot_ easier to find out who is torrenting than to
           | find out who is using Usenet for example though.
           | 
           | With torrents you can see the IP addresses of peers. And then
           | I suppose they ask a court to tell the ISP to say which
           | customer had that IP addresses at that time.
           | 
           | With Usenet you'd have to get a court to get each Usenet
           | provider to give you a list of all customers that downloaded
           | a file. That seems a little bit different to me.
           | 
           | And who knows, in the case of the torrents maybe they don't
           | always even need to get a court involved. With all of the
           | data brokers out there, maybe there are lists you can buy of
           | real people tied to different IP addresses and when you have
           | a match you send a threatening letter telling them to pay up
           | or they will take you to court?
        
             | trilbyglens wrote:
             | Germany is wild. You will get a knock on your door within
             | hours of firing up a torrent client
        
               | Alex_L_Wood wrote:
               | What? No, you will not. You could get fined for seeding
               | some popular stuff, but even then no one is knocking on
               | your door, it'll probably come in the form of a letter,
               | and even then it's not a guarantee.
        
               | relistan wrote:
               | I lived in Germany. At least back then it was definitely
               | a letter. They were not very good at it, though, and I
               | received one for torrenting large open source software.
        
               | hiccuphippo wrote:
               | I wonder if people could form a nonprofit that starts
               | torrenting public domain media or open source software as
               | a honeypot to find these firms and bury them in legal
               | procedures. I'd gladly donate to such a nonprofit.
        
               | garaetjjte wrote:
               | Do these letters have teeth or just trying to scare you
               | into a settlement for lawsuit that would never come?
        
               | moooo99 wrote:
               | Huh, what in the world are you talking about.
               | 
               | If you're torrenting and you happen to get caught, you
               | will receive a letter from some copyright lawyer with a
               | fine of X amount as well as a cease and desist.
               | 
               | The only knock on your door is the mail delivery man
        
               | mft_ wrote:
               | Not sure if this is just misinformed, or anti-Germany/EU
               | propaganda? Either way, not true.
               | 
               | In Germany, if you torrent something without protection
               | of a VPN, you may receive a letter from a blood-sucking
               | legal firm within a week or two, with a fine that can be
               | argued down somewhat.
        
               | wkat4242 wrote:
               | I'm sure the OP meant "knock on your door" figuratively.
               | And refers to exactly what you say, those leechy law firm
               | letters. In that sense it's entirely true.
        
               | franczesko wrote:
               | BS
        
             | RajT88 wrote:
             | This process of checking seeding peers to reporting an IP
             | to an ISP to them send a user a nastygram is pretty
             | automated. Torrent a Nintendo game (not even that new of
             | one) and you will get an ISP nastygram within minutes.
             | 
             | I've heard.
        
           | BrandoElFollito wrote:
           | Are there cases in Germany who went through until the end?
           | 
           | In France despite a hefty budget, the org in charge (HADOPI)
           | was so bad they merged it with another one and I think it os
           | over now.
        
           | consp wrote:
           | Downloading used to be legal here. Now it is explicitly not
           | anymore. Because why not if you can squeeze some extra money
           | from end users who would have never bought your item for the
           | insane prices asked.
        
             | j1elo wrote:
             | With "here", you mean Germany? Are you sure? Last time I
             | looked into these things (granted, in 2022 or so), seemed
             | to me that for example using Stremio with a torrent add-on
             | would risk a fine in Germany, but using a Debrid service
             | (that torrents in your name and you just do a direct
             | download like e.g. is done in Youtube) would be free of
             | risks or legal threats. I'm not in Germany though, so I
             | didn't research it much further. Just out of curiosity.
        
             | tempfile wrote:
             | When and where? This does not sound true for any
             | jurisdiction I know about.
        
           | dspillett wrote:
           | _> something like setting a 1 byte per second cap on uploads_
           | 
           | You generally can't set a client to 0B/s (as zero usually
           | means "no limit") but I'm not sure a good1 lawyer on the
           | other side would let you get away with claiming glacial
           | distribution is not still distribution. At 1Kbyte/sec (I
           | don't know a client off the top of my head that has control
           | down to the single byte) a 50MByte file (not unusual for a
           | book with illustrations/photos) can be transferred in less
           | than 15 hours, a couple of Mbyte (a plain text book,
           | compressed or just short) in less than one hour.
           | 
           | There are clients that can be set to not seed at all, or you
           | could patch a common client that way. Some that don't even
           | offer the capability at all (some command-line wget-style
           | tools), that would be a legally safest option IMO2.
           | 
           | ----
           | 
           | [1] good as in good at their job, no moral judgement implied!
           | 
           | [2] caveat: not a lawyer, never played one on TV, nor even in
           | local am-dram.
        
             | foobarian wrote:
             | transmission-cli -u 0 <url>
        
             | TheSpiceIsLife wrote:
             | > I'm not sure a good1 lawyer on the other side would let
             | you get away with claiming
             | 
             | Fortunately that's not how courts work.
             | 
             | I'm not familiar with the case, but it's possible setting a
             | 1 byte per second limit showed _intent_ to not distribute.
        
               | hsbauauvhabzb wrote:
               | In the context of a book, that could still be seeding a
               | book every few hours..
        
               | icedchai wrote:
               | 1 byte per second would give you a couple of pages every
               | few hours. So probably not.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | I byte pee second translates to a little over 3KB/hr.
               | Depends on the book.
        
               | AnotherGoodName wrote:
               | It's 3600 bytes/hr. 60seconds per minute and 60minutes
               | per hour. 60*60*1byte. Not to be condescending but the
               | math here really isn't hard.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | I mistyped a letter (thanks for indirectly pointing it
               | out, fixed) and I get this flippant response. I guess
               | this really is reddit.My real answer is close enough, I
               | don't need to delineate on the level of bytes.
               | 
               | Either way this is oedantry. My point doesn't change; it
               | depends on what kind of book you download.
        
               | mcphage wrote:
               | It's also possible that setting a 1 byte per second limit
               | showed they were aware what they were doing was illegal.
        
               | TheSpiceIsLife wrote:
               | Intent matters. I can well imagine a judge saying
               | something like this:
               | 
               |  _While I am satisfied it has been proven you are aware
               | that by torrenting said files, distribution also
               | occurred. However, I am also satisfied it has been proven
               | that by setting a 1 byte per minute upload limit, you had
               | taken those steps you could to limit uploads in an effort
               | to prevent the prohibited activity. Other evidence
               | presented to the court demonstrates you are regularly
               | employed, that your finances are generally in order, and
               | you have not received payment for the meagre distribution
               | that occurred as a consequence of your behaviour.
               | 
               | It is my opinion that the case brough by the prosecution
               | does not rise to the level of requiring a sentence, nor
               | even a conviction.
               | 
               | You're free to go._
        
               | gowld wrote:
               | You'd still be conspiring with others to violate
               | copyright.
        
               | mcphage wrote:
               | > Intent matters
               | 
               | I agree with you intent matters, and I agree with you
               | that setting the upload limit to 1 byte per second shows
               | intent, I just disagree about what intent it shows.
        
             | plorg wrote:
             | It isn't worth my time or risk to test it myself, but if
             | you disable seeding will Warner Media still send a notice
             | to your ISP? If you set your client to 0B/s I assume it's
             | still broadcasting hashes. I suppose if you disable that
             | function entirely in your client there would be nothing to
             | see.
             | 
             | I guess some people may be worried about actual fines, but
             | I would assume the biggest risk to most people is getting
             | blocked by your ISP, which in many cases requires less than
             | the legal standard for proof of copyright infringement.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | The contractors whose job is collecting lists of people
               | downloading films generally make sure to download at
               | least a viewable clip of the film direct from your client
               | so it could be shown in court. "Yes, your honor, here is
               | the evidence we retrieved direct from the defendant".
        
               | plorg wrote:
               | Sure, but AIUI they generally are not leading with a
               | lawsuit, they're sending a cease and desist notice to
               | your ISP, which doesn't require that kind of proof.
               | Operators like Comcast won't require that to drop you -
               | in fact they may give you a warning for simply
               | downloading torrents at all, even if they are literally,
               | actually, Linux ISOs.
        
             | nwh5jg56df wrote:
             | Booooooo don't leech without seeding. Share a little at
             | minimal risk
        
             | zeroq wrote:
             | It's an interesting case.
             | 
             | Most commonly used clients won't let you turn off seeding,
             | but you can indeed limit the upstream to a really low
             | value. You can also, at the same time, seed a ton of
             | different things, preferably quite large, to saturate your
             | upload and make it statistically improbable to fully send a
             | copy of any single file.
             | 
             | Now, based on _my feeling_ and cases I 've seen in _my
             | country_ I 'd say that the judge would make a claim that
             | the sheer fact of making these files available is enough.
             | 
             | Moreover, there were rulings stating that even if you don't
             | have the whole torrent on your disk, but only few fragments
             | you are already in violation.
             | 
             | For me, it make sense, as when a company gets caught red
             | handed they are judged based on the inventory of stolen
             | programs they have, not an actual usage of them.
             | 
             | Lastly, here in an european country, consuming pirated
             | media (books, movies, music, etc.) is not a crime. However
             | there are plenty of caveats:
             | 
             | - you can't share it, so torrenting, as mentioned, might be
             | illegal; getting a copy of a movie on a hard drive from a
             | friend only puts him in jepardy
             | 
             | - it has to be personal use, so watching it alone or with
             | your wife is ok, but playing stolen music in a club is not;
             | commercial use is strictly forbiden ("commercial" as in
             | "commercial licence", so usage in context of a company, so
             | facebook case here is strictly in violation)
             | 
             | - it has to be a media that's already been published
             | somewhere (cinema, television, streaming service); pirating
             | leaks and prereleases is strictly forbiden
             | 
             | - pirating software is whole different animal, since now
             | it's not a copyright, but a breach of licence agreement
             | 
             | You can think about it as owning a tiny portion of "soft
             | drugs" (like marijuana), which is legal in some countries.
             | Selling is not.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > pirating software is whole different animal, since now
               | it's not a copyright, but a breach of licence agreement
               | 
               | How can that be true? There is no way for me a breach a
               | license agreement without being party to the agreement.
        
               | gowld wrote:
               | It's can't be true. It's nonsense.
               | 
               | License is an agreement that grants you rights that would
               | otherwise be prevented by copyright or other laws.
               | 
               | You can violate a copyright, or a license agreement, or
               | both, or neither.
        
             | krzyk wrote:
             | > You generally can't set a client to 0B/s
             | 
             | It depends on client, it is possible in e.g. transmission
        
           | tempfile wrote:
           | > "distribution is the act protected by copyright" was the
           | rule all along in many (non-US) jurisdictions, not an
           | American so not sure about how the US does things.
           | 
           | I am pretty sure this is false. It is just that distribution
           | carries heavier sentences and is easier to discover, not
           | unlike with drug dealing.
           | 
           | It is not legal, anywhere, to (for example) borrow a DVD from
           | someone, copy it, and give the original back. In some
           | jurisdictions you have a right to backups, and a right to
           | resale, but you emphatically do not have a right to privately
           | copy.
        
             | buzer wrote:
             | > It is not legal, anywhere, to (for example) borrow a DVD
             | from someone, copy it, and give the original back. In some
             | jurisdictions you have a right to backups, and a right to
             | resale, but you emphatically do not have a right to
             | privately copy.
             | 
             | If the DVD doesn't have strong DRM (which is pretty rare,
             | CSS counts as strong DRM) you are allowed to make a private
             | copy in Finland. There is a levy on various storage mediums
             | to compensate private copying. I believe there are similar
             | laws in other countries based on
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_copying_levy
             | 
             | I'm not 100% sure if strictly downloading from illegal
             | source makes downloader liable for damages, as far as I
             | know in all court cases there was seeding involved (in
             | Finland).
             | 
             | Of course the levy is somewhat questionable these days
             | since pretty much everything has strong DRM (as bar is very
             | low) and thus you are not allowed to make copies. The
             | authors who protect their work with strong DRM still get
             | part of the levies though.
        
           | registeredcorn wrote:
           | Sorry, I may be missing something. Can you please clarify:
           | 
           | >you often see people getting fines for _torrenting_
           | 
           | >fines for _using_ [...] are a lot more rare
           | 
           | Are you saying something kind of like, "When you torrent, you
           | are also _distributing_ that copyrighted information, which
           | is often prosecuted, but simply _procuring_ that information
           | (without redistribution) is not. " Or is it something
           | different?
           | 
           | For example: in America, it is completely legal to buy, sell,
           | and own a radar detector. Radar detectors are used to
           | "detect" when the police use radar to catch speeding
           | motorists. In spite of it being legal to own a radar
           | detector, it is illegal to _actively use_ a radar detector
           | for its intended purpose. There are various reasons I have
           | heard for this, but the most common was that the components
           | of the device itself is not illegal, and picking up those
           | signals are not illegal (because they are targeted at the
           | public) _but_ the reason and intent to use one is to commit a
           | crime, and the use of a device in the assistance of
           | committing an offense (speeding) is illegal. It 's this kind
           | of weird grey area, where you can _possess_ the thing, but
           | can 't _use_ it for the reason you (likely) bought it for.
           | 
           | Is it kind of like that? Like, you can possess copyrighted
           | material that you have not paid for (for whatever
           | justification), but actively _sharing_ that copyrighted
           | material without authorization, is criminal? If so, does that
           | mean that lots of Germans simply don 't seed illegal
           | torrents?
        
         | 2mlWQbCK wrote:
         | Went the opposite direction here. Copying things for personal
         | use was always legal in Sweden, with some exceptions (notably
         | software, since 1986). That law was amended in 2005 (because of
         | The Pirate Bay, presumably) to say that you are no longer
         | allowed to make a copy from an illegally distributed copy. So
         | if someone is illegally sharing something on the internet you
         | are not allowed to download it.
        
           | 6stringmerc wrote:
           | Sweden is always an edge case - education especially. It's
           | got a population of 10 million people. My metroplex area in
           | DFW has half that with 75% more diversity. Sweden is cool but
           | a terrible reference point for anything other than
           | homogeneous social studies.
        
         | sightbroke wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_...
         | 
         | "Attached to the core rights of free speech and free press are
         | several peripheral rights that make these core rights more
         | secure. The peripheral rights encompass not only freedom of
         | association, including privacy in one's associations, but also,
         | in the words of Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), "the freedom of
         | the entire university community", i.e., the right to
         | distribute, the right to receive, and the right to read, as
         | well as freedom of inquiry, freedom of thought, and freedom to
         | teach.[144]"
         | 
         | "The United States Constitution protects, according to the
         | Supreme Court in Stanley v. Georgia (1969), the right to
         | receive information and ideas, regardless of their social
         | worth, and to be generally free from governmental intrusions
         | into one's privacy and control of one's thoughts.[145]"
         | 
         | "As stated by the Court in Stanley: 'If the First Amendment
         | means anything, it means that a State has no business telling a
         | man, sitting alone in his own house, what books he may read or
         | what films he may watch. Our whole constitutional heritage
         | rebels at the thought of giving government the power to control
         | men's minds.'[146]"
         | 
         | [144] - https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/381/479/
         | 
         | [145], [146] -
         | https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/394/557/
        
           | thrance wrote:
           | A bit off-topic, but I always thought it was "funny" how
           | americans are so opposed to censorship but are perfectly OK
           | with advertising and other forms of propaganda (from social
           | media editorializing, bought newspapers...), that arguably do
           | much more to "control men's minds" than censorship ever
           | would.
           | 
           | It just fuels my personal theory that americans only reason
           | in positive liberty (freedom to...) and never in negative
           | liberty (freedom from...).
        
             | lordloki wrote:
             | It's very simple, Americans believe that the individual is
             | responsible for themselves while most of the rest of the
             | world wants to be "protected" by a restrictive government.
             | One leads to innovation and one stifles it. We would rather
             | be responsible for discovering the truth on our own, than
             | trust a central authority to decide what is and isn't
             | true(or propaganda). I find it funny how Europeans think
             | their governments are protecting them from propaganda
             | instead of drowning them in propaganda.
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | Not sure European governments do much to combat external
               | propaganda anyway.
        
               | Detrytus wrote:
               | This approach is great in theory, the problem is: it does
               | not scale. We are bombarded with a lot of information in
               | the news, ads, social media, and average individual does
               | not have enough time (not to mention access to
               | information, or intelligence to interpret it) to fact
               | check everything on their own. "The last man who knew
               | everything" lived in early 19th century: https://en.wikip
               | edia.org/wiki/The_Last_Man_Who_Knew_Everythi...
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | First of all, there's a difference between facts and
               | understanding. Thomas Young may have understood the wave
               | theory of light, but he could say nothing with certainty
               | about Queen Victoria's underwear. Secondly, it's getting
               | _easier_ to understand everything, because ideas are
               | becoming more powerful. We are however bombarded with
               | facts, that part is true.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | You don't need to fact check the torrent of information
               | you describe. You can just ignore it. None of it is worth
               | the time and effort to fact check anyway. You don't need
               | any of that information to make the decisions you need to
               | make in your daily life.
               | 
               | If you want to argue that you need to fact check all that
               | information to, for example, decide how to vote in
               | elections, none of that information is of any value for
               | that purpose either, because it's basically all
               | propaganda at this point. There are _no_ "independent"
               | sources of information that you can trust, other than
               | your own eyeballs and brain. (Possibly you are lucky
               | enough to have some friends and family whose eyeballs and
               | brain you can also trust.)
        
               | flir wrote:
               | Heh. This is _not_ the month to be making that argument.
               | 
               | I like having food hygiene standards - it means I don't
               | have to worry about chalk in my bread, arsenic in my
               | sweets, or antibiotics in my beef.
               | 
               | I honestly believe we'd be better off with informational
               | hygiene standards, too. The last two decades have taught
               | me this lesson - free speech absolutism is a giant "kick
               | me" sign on the back of society, and when you find a
               | security hole that big, you patch it.
               | 
               | I recognize there's a balance to be found, and reasonable
               | people will disagree on where the tipping point is.
        
               | Ray20 wrote:
               | >free speech absolutism is a giant "kick me" sign on the
               | back of society
               | 
               | How does this work? What danger represents freedom of
               | speech? With lack of it dangers is understandable: it is
               | a giant "welcome" sign for bloody totalitarian
               | dictatorship.
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | If megacorporations can lie to you about what they're
               | selling you (which is one of the things that free speech
               | absolutists generally argue for), then you will have no
               | way of knowing if what you buy is going to kill you.
        
               | Ray20 wrote:
               | >If megacorporations can lie to you about what they're
               | selling you
               | 
               | But this has nothing to do with freedom of speech.
               | Freedom of speech does not in any way cancel out
               | responsibility for fraud.
        
               | flir wrote:
               | Then you are not a free speech absolutist, and reasonable
               | people will disagree about where the tipping point is.
               | 
               | Fire in a crowded theatre? CP? Threats of violence? Hate
               | speech?
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | I don't know any "free speech absolutists" who argue that
               | fraud should be legal. Misrepresentation of a product or
               | service you're selling is fraud. We already have laws
               | against that.
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | Then consider yourself lucky, but I've seen that position
               | argued strenuously right here on HackerNews in the past.
        
               | rvense wrote:
               | This has actually been a fairly common position among
               | American libertarians. Alan Greenspan, for instance, was
               | strongly against fraud laws until some time after the
               | financial crisis. The idea was that the market would sort
               | it out.
               | 
               | (And no, I don't understand how this is a serious
               | position that serious people can seriously hold, but then
               | that is how I feel about libertarianism in general.)
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> I like having food hygiene standards - it means I don
               | 't have to worry about chalk in my bread, arsenic in my
               | sweets, or antibiotics in my beef._
               | 
               | And yet somehow humanity survived for tens or hundreds of
               | thousands of years without such standards, and without
               | having our ancestors' food poisoned.
               | 
               | Also, if you actually believe that government food
               | hygiene standards prevent all possible bad things from
               | being in your food, I've got some oceanfront property in
               | North Dakota I'd like to sell you. You do know, don't
               | you, that antibiotics in your beef, for example, is done
               | all the time in factory farming with government approval?
        
               | flir wrote:
               | > prevent all possible bad things
               | 
               | Well that seems like a bad faith interpretation of my
               | argument.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1858_Bradford_sweets_poison
               | ing
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | You included in your argument at least one bad thing
               | that, as I pointed out, is not only not stopped by
               | government regulation, it's explicitly permitted by it.
               | The fact that there was a bad thing that happened before
               | government regulation, which a government regulation was
               | then passed to try to prevent, doesn't make your argument
               | valid.
        
               | flir wrote:
               | Which government are we talking about, please?
        
               | altruios wrote:
               | > And yet somehow humanity survived for tens or hundreds
               | of thousands of years without such standards
               | 
               | Narrator: "Most humans didn't survive past year five due
               | to preventable illnesses and food born contamination, the
               | humans' ancestor's infant mortality rate was rather high
               | before the age of food safety and soap".
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> Narrator_
               | 
               | Of what? Where are you getting this from?
        
               | MyOutfitIsVague wrote:
               | It's a reference to the Arrested Development television
               | show.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | >And yet somehow humanity survived for tens or hundreds
               | of thousands of years without such standards, and without
               | having our ancestors' food poisoned.
               | 
               | Sure, with reduced life expectancy. If you're fine dying
               | out in your 30's, maybe 40's at best you can eat whatever
               | you want. Your body is pretty resilient to poison short
               | term.
               | 
               | >, if you actually believe that government food hygiene
               | standards prevent all possible bad things from being in
               | your food
               | 
               | Extremist takes aren't doing you a favor here. Like I
               | just said, we can resist a surprising about of poisons
               | short term. Many people indulge in alcohol after all. We
               | have no need to strive for "all bad things" out of our
               | food.
        
               | RajT88 wrote:
               | Not even most Americans believe that. I would say
               | paradoxically we have a slice of folks who want liberty
               | from the government and also have plenty of government
               | protections.
               | 
               | Then there is the "liberty at all costs" types, the
               | fringe of which idolizes the David Koresh lifestyle.
               | 
               | There are plenty of folks who also think it is OK to ruin
               | someone's entire life if they post something sexist to
               | Twitter.
               | 
               | Americans are not so easily generalized; they come in
               | many flavors.
        
               | LuciOfStars wrote:
               | Hi, American here. Just want to say I'm embarrassed to
               | share a nation with this nutcase. Sorry, friends.
        
               | thrance wrote:
               | Seeing how almost everyone here in France despises our
               | current government, I don't think this propaganda you
               | mention is very effective, if it's as present as you
               | claim.
               | 
               | Meanwhile money basically dictates who gets elected on
               | your side of the pond, whith billionaires being crazy
               | over-represented in your political offices, despite being
               | a tiny minority in your population.
               | 
               | Also, the people advocating for smaller government are
               | often on board with executive power consolidation and
               | increased police and army funding, so I think it's little
               | more than a stance.
               | 
               | You can't "discover the truth" on your own, no one can.
               | Are you able to go everywhere something happens in the
               | wordl to get a first hand account of the event and then
               | build your own conclusions? Of course not, you rely on
               | media (social or legacy) to digest the facts for you, and
               | they might (and do) influence you and how you think about
               | the world. It can't be another way, so fighting obvious
               | lies isn't a bad thing in my book.
        
               | krunck wrote:
               | Those who turn discussions about _degrees_ of something
               | into fights about binary extremes are the true problem.
               | Media and politicians included.
        
             | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
             | > It just fuels my personal theory that americans only
             | reason in positive liberty (freedom to...) and never in
             | negative liberty (freedom from...).
             | 
             | This seems to describe 'Murican Freedom pretty well to this
             | particular American, for what it's worth.
        
             | rapind wrote:
             | > I always thought it was "funny" how americans are so
             | opposed to censorship
             | 
             | Not sure you can make this blanket statement about
             | "Americans" any more. It seems like an increasing number
             | are fine with censorship when they aren't the ones being
             | censored.
        
               | thrance wrote:
               | Yes, for many this "free speech absolutism" is just a
               | rhetorical stance they adopt, which do not reflect their
               | actions at all.
        
             | LuciOfStars wrote:
             | American here. We're an incredibly large and incredibly
             | _diverse_ country. This generaliization doesn 't really
             | work.
        
               | thrance wrote:
               | I know, I have friends and family in America. It was just
               | a fun thought I had in my head for a while. I should have
               | added a "Some americans..." in my comment. Sorry for the
               | blanket statement.
        
           | papercrane wrote:
           | The US Constitution grants congress the power to give authors
           | and inventors time-limited exclusive rights to their
           | works/discoveries (Art1.S8.C8). This moots the 1st amendment
           | argument.
           | 
           | https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/article-1/section-8.
           | ..
        
             | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
             | I don't think it'd hold up, but one could argue that the
             | first amendment was an amendment, and thus changed the
             | constitution, and therefore removed that ability of
             | congress.
        
               | tiahura wrote:
               | The amendments protect the rights as they existed at the
               | time the amendment was passed. I.e. how would the plain
               | text of the text be interpreted by a reasonable person in
               | 1791. E.g., re 2nd, what did militia mean?
               | 
               | Thus, the 1A locks in speech rights as they existed in
               | 1791. Because there was no right to slander, or threaten,
               | or commit treason, or "share" in 1791, Congress retained
               | the power to regulate.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | That's certainly one interpretation. Your parents also
               | has an interpretation. It will be interesting to see what
               | the courts decide.
        
               | anonym29 wrote:
               | >Because there was no right to slander, or threaten, or
               | commit treason, or "share" in 1791, Congress retained the
               | power to regulate.
               | 
               | You seem to have a fundamental misunderstanding of the
               | purpose and intentions of the constitution. Slander and
               | fighting words are exceptions to the first amendment that
               | were determined through the legislative process.
               | 
               | Essentially the entire US constitution is negative rights
               | - the right to X when X means government NOT doing
               | something. Right to freedom of movement, right to freedom
               | of religion, right to freedom of speech, right to privacy
               | - these are restrictions on government to protect the
               | liberties of the people. And then you come to the tenth
               | amendment -
               | 
               | The powers not delegated to the United States by the
               | Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are
               | reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
               | 
               | It seems abundantly clear from even a cursory analysis
               | that the founders explicitly designed the constitution to
               | limit and restrict the power of a centralized federal
               | government, as treasonous, violent disregard for a
               | powerful centralized federal government is quite
               | literally the premiere founding principle baked into the
               | US's history.
               | 
               | Congress has zero power whatsoever whenever they lack the
               | consent of the goverened. The functional legitimacy of
               | the entire federal government is near zero - we're living
               | in the orwellian nightmare where the military industrial
               | complex more or less runs the entire show from behind the
               | scenes - something Eisenhower tried to warn us about over
               | half a century ago.
        
               | Gormo wrote:
               | > Slander and fighting words are exceptions to the first
               | amendment that were determined through the legislative
               | process.
               | 
               | The legislative process can't make exceptions to
               | constitutional provisions. These were recognized as not
               | covered by first amendment protections by jurisprudence,
               | not legislation.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | >It seems abundantly clear from even a cursory analysis
               | that the founders explicitly designed the constitution to
               | limit and restrict the power of a centralized federal
               | government, as treasonous, violent disregard for a
               | powerful centralized federal government is quite
               | literally the premiere founding principle baked into the
               | US's history.
               | 
               | Which is why we _immediately_ replaced a loose federation
               | of Strong States with a new government built around an
               | explicitly empowered and strengthened federal government?
               | 
               | The idea that the constitution was built around a very
               | weak federal government is wrong. The founders built a
               | weak federal government, immediately ran into problems
               | with it, and immediately those same founders built a new
               | government with a strong federal government with EXPLICIT
               | and CLEAR authority and supremacy over the states on
               | certain things.
               | 
               | For example, modern conservatives often decry how the
               | federal supremacy on interstate commerce is used to
               | regulate interstate commerce, but the commerce clause was
               | built to tear down all possible protectionism and trade
               | barriers states had erected amount themselves. The strong
               | federal government was also built explicitly to be a
               | single strong bloc for trade negotiations.
               | 
               | There were plenty of anti-federalists around during this
               | time. They got to air their complaints and opinions.
               | Nobody listened to them because the articles of
               | confederation, and the loose, weak federal government it
               | built was just that useless and broken. The founders
               | literally tore up the government to make a new one
               | without the authorization to do so because there was no
               | stability, no long term hope for the existing one.
        
               | tiahura wrote:
               | "In interpreting this text, we are guided by the
               | principle that "[t]he Constitution was written to be
               | understood by the voters; its words and phrases were used
               | in their normal and ordinary as distinguished from
               | technical meaning." United States v. Sprague, 282 U. S.
               | 716, 731 (1931) ; see also Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheat. 1,
               | 188 (1824). Normal meaning may of course include an
               | idiomatic meaning, but it excludes secret or technical
               | meanings that would not have been known to ordinary
               | citizens in the founding generation." _District of
               | Columbia v. Heller_ , 554 U.S. 570 (2008).
               | 
               | Interpreted as an ordinary voter would have interpreted
               | it.
        
             | sightbroke wrote:
             | I am not convinced that applies to receiving information.
        
             | withinboredom wrote:
             | Once you tell someone a secret, you need to be prepared to
             | beat them up if they share it. -- dad, 1996
             | 
             | This gives you the right "to beat them up" but not the
             | right to learn a secret. You can take a patent and build
             | that thing in your house. The government can't stop you,
             | neither the inventor. It's when you try to sell it that
             | they can come after you.
        
             | saghm wrote:
             | I don't think that authors having exclusive rights to their
             | works necessarily implies that someone else _receiving_
             | them is legally culpable though. My admittedly naive
             | thinking is that someone distributing something illegally
             | doesn't necessarily imply that the receiver is also
             | committing crime. If Robin Hood steals a fancy 4K TV from
             | the mansion downtown and gives it to his neighbor as a
             | birthday gift, would the neighbor be guilty of a crime as
             | well? Does the answer change if Robin Hood were instead the
             | owner of the mansion next door (who could plausibly be the
             | owner of the TV) and gives it to his less wealthy childhood
             | friend?
             | 
             | I'm not saying that either of these situations are directly
             | analogous to the distribution of copyrighted works (since
             | among other things, I don't think there's any way to buy a
             | TV without being able to freely give it to someone else),
             | but that it's not immediately obvious to me that the
             | illegality in distribution has to be symmetric, and that
             | there might be a coherent legal argument that people having
             | the right to _receive_ information isn't inconsistent with
             | the only people with the right to transmit it refusing to
             | allow it. The part of the Constitution (edit: Supreme Court
             | opinion; not actually the Constitution itself) quoted above
             | doesn't seem to say anything about the right to share
             | anything, just to receive it.
        
               | mock-possum wrote:
               | If Robin Hood sees a nice painting hanging in the castle,
               | then commands a genie to create an exact brush-stroke-by-
               | brush-stroke replica that is identical to the original in
               | every way, then gives the replica to his neighbor as a
               | birthday gift, has any crime even occurred?
               | 
               | In this situation, the noble does not own the painting,
               | so much as they possess it and have only been granted a
               | license to privately view it, not a license to show it to
               | others, and further license only to reproduce it for
               | their own personal archival purposes - Robin Hood did not
               | have license to view the painting, and the genie did not
               | have license to reproduce it
               | 
               | but now that the reproduction exists, does it carry the
               | same license with it, and should the neighbor be held
               | responsible for the original violation of the license,
               | when all they've done is receive an illegally produced
               | copy?
               | 
               | Should the owner if the original painting be held
               | responsible for failing to prevent it from being
               | illegally viewed and copied?
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | > an exact brush-stroke-by-brush-stroke replica that is
               | identical to the original in every way
               | 
               | Yes, forgery is a crime in many jurisdictions, and in
               | some it does not matter whether or not you are
               | transparent about it being such -- specifically for
               | copyright/trademark reasons.
        
               | singlow wrote:
               | Forgery would require trying to pass off the copy as an
               | original. As long as it is not pretending to be something
               | it isn't, it is just a replica, not a forgery.
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | Thsis was my impression at first too, but legal experts
               | in my jurisdiction have taught me they're not always so
               | cleanly separable.
        
               | saghm wrote:
               | Without taking a stand on whether this _should_ be
               | illegal or not, but whether it _is_, I could imagine that
               | a legal system might want to give the painter a way to
               | get income for a limited time by distributing copies of
               | the painting, and that copying it in this way would
               | infringe upon those rights. In this case though, I'd
               | argue that the modern analogue of this would be Robin
               | Hood getting invited over to watch a movie with the noble
               | (which would be allowed!) and then secretly burning a
               | copy of the DVD when the noble went to the bathroom. Our
               | current legal system doesn't consider "I didn't know what
               | I was doing was illegal" to be a valid defense, so Robin
               | Hood would still be committing a crime by sharing the DVD
               | further after he's copied it. (Since we don't have genies
               | in real life, I don't know how the law would consider
               | them culpable, but based on my very limited knowledge of
               | genie lore, my guess is that the amount of free will they
               | have in this situation is about the same as the DVD
               | burner, so they probably would be okay from the
               | perspective of the law?)
               | 
               | Interestingly, I think that the more direct analog to
               | what we have today would be if the noble themself had the
               | genie copy the painting and gift it to their friend Robin
               | Hood. I do think the same logic I gave above ultimately
               | applies to whether our current legal system would allow
               | the artist to enforce exclusivity, but I find it a lot
               | more compelling as an argument about whether it _should_
               | be allowed or not compared to the hypothetical you gave.
               | In your version of it, it doesn't feel like allowing what
               | Robin Hood did is particularly beneficial to society, but
               | in the version where the noble is an enthusiastic
               | participant in the copying, it seems a lot more like
               | outlawing it would lead to some harmful dynamics (like
               | you mention about whether the noble bears responsibility
               | for protecting access to the painting based on obtaining
               | it). In other words, having a system where the artist is
               | allowed to enforce his exclusive distribution rights
               | universally actually seems _less_ problematic to me at
               | first glance than one that only applies to those who sign
               | an agreement when purchasing the paintings.
               | 
               | To put this in terms of torrenting, my naive
               | understanding is that right now, it's definitively
               | considered illegal to seed protected content, and the
               | question is whether it's legal to download it without
               | seeding or not. I actually think that it would be worse
               | to allowing downloading without allowing seeding as well,
               | so the system that Meta is arguing for would be worse
               | than if what they did is also illegal. However, I'm
               | honestly not sure if they're actually right or not about
               | what the law says, and that's why I brought up the
               | hypotheticals I did. I also honestly don't feel confident
               | in my feelings on whether I'd prefer to ban both seeding
               | and downloading protected content or to eliminate the
               | legal protections entirely and allow both, but it doesn't
               | seem like that's actually the legal question at the heart
               | of the current matter.
        
               | dTal wrote:
               | >In this situation, the noble does not own the painting,
               | so much as they possess it and have only been granted a
               | license to privately view it, not a license to show it to
               | others, and further license only to reproduce it for
               | their own personal archival purposes
               | 
               | What is the point of making such an "analogy"? Might as
               | well say the noble has a copy of Die Hard in their DVD
               | collection.
        
               | dijksterhuis wrote:
               | your TV example is a bad example for discussions around
               | copyright -- how does one copy a TV?
               | 
               | a more pertinent example to the main topic at hand
               | 
               | i download a file onto my PC. in doing so i have made a
               | copy of that file onto my PC.
               | 
               | if that file is a copyrighted work, e.g. a musical work,
               | i have reproduced the work by downloading it. i have
               | copied it. streaming music is covered by copyright for
               | the same reason - a copy is transferred onto your device
               | because you clicked on a button. the act of copying, or
               | reproducing, the work is the bit that matters.
               | 
               | the distributor (spotify/apple) just gave me access to
               | their original copy to make my own, new, copy.
               | distribution is covered, but slightly different as it is
               | facilitating others to infringe copyright (if i'm
               | pirating music).
               | 
               | in your TV example, a closer idea would be if i 3D
               | printed a new TV based on a patented design. probably not
               | allowed to do it (i don't know patent law) but who's
               | gonna enforce it? no one knows about it.
               | 
               | if i start _selling_ my 3D printed TVs, well, i should
               | probably get a lawyer sharpish.
               | 
               | --
               | 
               | also, isn't knowingly receiving stolen goods a crime? so
               | receiver of the TV in your example could be charged with
               | a crime if it can be shown beyond reasonable doubt that
               | they knew it was stolen?
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > If Robin Hood steals a fancy 4K TV from the mansion
               | downtown and gives it to his neighbor as a birthday gift,
               | would the neighbor be guilty of a crime as well?
               | 
               | In this specific example, probably yes.
               | 
               | > Does the answer change if Robin Hood were instead the
               | owner of the mansion next door
               | 
               | Yes, it does. The main problem here is that Robin Hood is
               | well known to obtain everything he has in the world by
               | stealing it.
        
             | Gormo wrote:
             | How can a provision in the base text of the constitution
             | take precedence over an amendment?
        
           | nonfamous wrote:
           | I would expect it to be argued by defendants that since no
           | man (or indeed woman) at Meta actually read the books that
           | were torrented, the First Amendment does not apply here. The
           | question is: does the First Amendment apply to an algorithm?
        
             | _DeadFred_ wrote:
             | So I can setup a cable streaming service with ripped vids
             | as long a no one in my company watches it?
        
               | dTal wrote:
               | You would be distributing the videos. Meta is not
               | distributing the things they torrented. No, LLM weights
               | don't count.
        
             | Gormo wrote:
             | > The question is: does the First Amendment apply to an
             | algorithm?
             | 
             | No. The first amendment explicitly applies to Congress; by
             | extension it applies to the policy-making authority of the
             | federal government generally, and via the 14th amendment,
             | it applies to the states.
             | 
             | It prohibits the abridgment of freedom of speech by
             | government institutions, without distinction as to the
             | identity of the speaker or the content of the speech.
        
         | paulryanrogers wrote:
         | > ...then people might start wondering how keeping something
         | from public domain for 90 years after the author's death could
         | possibly be about protecting the rights of the author.
         | 
         | That's the best part, it's forever copyright! Because the
         | creators are corporations that never die, or a huge number of
         | humans, whomever dies last.
        
           | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
           | that's not true. the term for works for hire is 95 years from
           | creation https://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/faq-duration.html
        
         | DanielHB wrote:
         | Would definitely torrent any leaked internal facebook data.
         | 
         | But never seed your honor, that would be illegal!
        
         | jcelerier wrote:
         | > There's been plenty of opportunity to rename copyright to
         | authorrights or something similar
         | 
         | that's exactly how it's called in french - droit d'auteur
        
         | mrcode007 wrote:
         | I'm waiting for this precedent to be set in favor of META and
         | then enjoying all the movie torrents I can get my hands on.
         | Without seeding of course.
        
           | wkat4242 wrote:
           | With Musk in the White House (who has similar interests) that
           | might actually happen.
        
             | mrcode007 wrote:
             | A right adversarial move would be to support this and watch
             | the GDP without the entertainment business as part of it.
             | Check what happens next.
        
             | knowitnone wrote:
             | I don't know Musk but why would he make this happen? He's
             | for corporate interests is he not?
        
               | Mr-Frog wrote:
               | I don't think Musk's interests are aligned with those of
               | legacy media corporations.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | None of his corporations is a media one, and his social
               | media company probably has some vague interest in not
               | having too much enforcement of copyright.
               | 
               | Actually this is something that has always perplexed me
               | about corporations that want to meddle in our government.
               | Obviously they must know that it is going to involve the
               | government following the interest of... some corporation.
               | The voters are pretty fickle and having the government
               | work for your competition seems like a pretty rough spot.
               | 
               | I guess it is like a prisoner's dilemma type thing or
               | something.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | >If that sounds odd to you then that's probably on purpose,
         | There's been plenty of opportunity to rename copyright to
         | authorrights or something similar
         | 
         | Man, that's such an ignorant type of thing to say. Copy does
         | not only mean the act of making a duplicate. Copy also means
         | the words/text directly. Terms like copy editor refer to those
         | that make edits to the copy=>words/text, not those that make
         | edits to the duplicates. Maybe you are unfamiliar with the use
         | of the word in that manner, but that's not the rest of the
         | world's problem. That's a limited knowledge problem on your
         | end.
         | 
         | Even in the "rules" of copyright, you're allowed to make
         | copies. Back in the days of the olds being young and in school,
         | we had to go to places called libraries to look things up. We
         | could pay the librarians to make copies of things for us to
         | take home to use in whatever task we were assigned. The fee
         | wasn't for any kind of rights usage, but simply to cover the
         | library's expense in providing that copy to you.
         | 
         | It's amazing how quickly information is lost from the lack of
         | use
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > Man, that's such an ignorant type of thing to say. Copy
           | does not only mean the act of making a duplicate. Copy also
           | means the words/text directly. Terms like copy editor refer
           | to those that make edits to the copy=>words/text, not those
           | that make edits to the duplicates. Maybe you are unfamiliar
           | with the use of the word in that manner, but that's not the
           | rest of the world's problem. That's a limited knowledge
           | problem on your end.
           | 
           | Do you think _freedom of the press_ involves the right to
           | make any kind of juice you want?
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | what does that even mean? your sarcasm is so strained it
             | can't even be followed.
        
         | comfysocks wrote:
         | I remember back in the day when hefty penalties for torrenting
         | music were in the news, they would erroneously describe it as
         | penalties for "downloading" music. I suppose this was
         | intentional in order to spook usenet users, etc.
        
         | ru552 wrote:
         | Copy in copyright is not copy like copy in copying some data.
         | 
         | Copy in copyright is a term for the actual writing that gets
         | published on ads, or magazines, or in a news paper. "I need to
         | get the copy from marketing for this campaign." "The editor
         | hasn't approved the copy for the article yet."
         | 
         | Typically, people not in/around the industry aren't familiar
         | with the term, which leads to the confusion.
        
           | tempfile wrote:
           | This sounds completely false to me. Do you have a reference
           | for it?
           | 
           | In particular, the original Statute of Anne (the first law
           | establishing a copyright) is officially titled:
           | 
           | > An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by Vesting the
           | Copies of Printed Books in the Authors or Purchasers of
           | Copies, during the Times therein mentioned
           | 
           | No doubt people used the word "copy" in the sense you mean,
           | but "copy" in "copyright" is absolutely about copying as in
           | copying some data.
        
           | singlow wrote:
           | Any proof that the word copyright was intentionally referring
           | to the noun instead of the verb? The British Statute of Anne
           | in 1710, the first copyright statute, definitely referred to
           | the act of copying a book, not some abstract concept of
           | writing samples.
        
           | pfannkuchen wrote:
           | I always thought that ad copy also came from copy as in copy
           | some data. Like it's the words that get copied when the media
           | is replicated for distribution, as opposed to words that are
           | for some internal communication purpose.
        
             | singlow wrote:
             | The use of the noun copy probably came from the act of
             | copying, but both uses predated the word copyright, so that
             | doesn't really help answer the question.
        
           | wrs wrote:
           | The word "copy" in the early 1700s when copyright was
           | codified in law meant both a written text and a reproduction
           | of a written text. The meaning you're using, of text at an
           | intermediate stage of a publishing process, is much later,
           | 19th century. [0] So, the original meaning was a noun (the
           | right to make "a copy" of a book) but meant the book itself,
           | not the abstract text of the book. It would be interesting to
           | research whether there were any rulings in that period about
           | hand-copying a book, which was the only alternative to
           | printing it.
           | 
           | Nowadays of course copyright covers much more than text, and
           | includes such "copies" as the public performance of a
           | theatrical work or reproduction of a sculpture, so the modern
           | copyright clearly doesn't have the meaning you're using.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.grammarphobia.com/blog/2013/08/copy.html
        
         | wrs wrote:
         | AFAIK, in the US it's literally about copying. In fact, case
         | law mostly supports the position that just the act of copying a
         | program from disk into memory to run it is protected by
         | copyright (with some statutory exceptions). (Google "RAM copy
         | doctrine".)
        
           | dgreensp wrote:
           | That's my understanding as well. Duplicating the bytes of a
           | file when you don't have the rights to the content is
           | technically infringement and grounds for an infringement
           | claim, and then you have to explain in court why it's "fair
           | use."
        
         | victorbjorklund wrote:
         | That is only in english. Other langues uses different words. So
         | not really useful to argue just based on a superficial def of
         | the word.
        
         | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
         | "Well, I guess it would be nice if we could have some precedent
         | for the claim that downloading copyright protected information
         | is not in itself a breach of copyright."
         | 
         | According to Meta's motion the claim about "seeding" (cf. the
         | claim about removing CMI) relates to Cal Penal Code 502(c), the
         | "Comprehensive Computer Data Access and Fraud Act".
         | 
         | Whether the data accessed is "copyright protected information"
         | is irrelevant to section 502(c). 502(c)(2) applies to "any
         | data".
         | 
         | https://www.calpers.ca.gov/sites/default/files/spf/docs/ca-p...
        
       | arboles wrote:
       | If you download one book you're a criminal. If they download
       | millions of books, that's just business.
        
         | jcmp wrote:
         | you are not. Thats their point
        
           | close04 wrote:
           | Their point is that _they_ are not.
        
             | arboles wrote:
             | It would set the precedent for everyone. The real
             | difference is that they can beg the question and people
             | like Aaron Schwartz couldn't.
        
               | Mindwipe wrote:
               | Aaron Schwartz's lawyer could have posed exactly the same
               | claim.
               | 
               | It wouldn't have succeeded, just like this won't.
               | 
               | Lawyers will deploy any possible argument, just in case,
               | even if it has a 0.1% chance of working because why
               | wouldn't you?
        
               | arboles wrote:
               | On the off chance the defense succeeds I'm proven right,
               | if the defense fails, I'm still proven right as the fine
               | will only be a minor set back for Meta.
        
               | goodpoint wrote:
               | No, this is a case of "rules for thee but not for me".
        
           | latexr wrote:
           | That is definitely not their point. Their point is, quite
           | simply, "don't punish us, bro". They don't give a rat's ass
           | about the law in general or what it means for other people,
           | they just want to make sure _they specifically_ can do what
           | they please without repercussion.
        
             | jcmp wrote:
             | I think they try to argue around the diffrence of sharing
             | activly (=illegal) and downloading (=valid) with this
             | argument it does not matter if you download one book or 1
             | million books
        
         | st_goliath wrote:
         | > If they download millions of books ...
         | 
         | ... as a private individual, you are toast.
         | 
         | I think the more appropriate quote to paraphrase would be one
         | from Dennis Hopper's character in the film Speed (1994): "Oh,
         | no. Poor people are pirates, Jack. We are tech innovators!"
        
           | voidUpdate wrote:
           | When did he say that? I watched it recently, and don't recall
           | that line at all...
        
             | st_goliath wrote:
             | The scene where Jack climbs down the hole under the garbage
             | can into the subway, having figured out the ransom money
             | has moved. He tries to hold up Payne, who reveals he's
             | holding Annie hostage.
             | 
             | Here: https://youtu.be/ntTY_Q005Ic?t=128
        
               | craftkiller wrote:
               | So he didn't say it. "paraphrase" is the wrong word
               | because you changed the meaning behind what he said.
               | 
               | > A paraphrase or rephrase is the rendering of the same
               | text in different words _without losing the meaning of
               | the text itself_
        
               | voidUpdate wrote:
               | Oh, I thought that was the quote before paraphrasing, not
               | after
        
         | greyw wrote:
         | Depends on your jurisdiction. In Switzerland, downloading
         | games, books, music, movies etc. for personal use is always
         | legal even if the copy is "pirated". Work just needs to be
         | published in any form. Dont know any other country where it
         | works like this.
        
           | delroth wrote:
           | This is a common misconception: there are some exceptions for
           | certain types of media, but for example downloading
           | copyrighted software (including games) without authorization
           | is not legal in Switzerland. And some of those exceptions are
           | more constrained than others.
        
             | aurea wrote:
             | Can you point to any official document which states it is
             | illegal? Or any document which mentions any exceptions?
        
           | mnau wrote:
           | Czechia. In theory, there is a fee for every media (e.g.HDD)
           | that is paid to OSA (authors organization) and OSA pays to
           | authors through some distribution scheme. Since user already
           | paid fee, downloading is OK.
           | 
           | This is mostly leftover before computers were a thing (think
           | cassettes and paper copiers).
           | 
           | In practice, it's a racket and OSA is a mafia that doesn't
           | pay to anyone. Also, the fees are rather small considering
           | the the purpose (I think it's capped at ~$5 per device), but
           | since authors don't actually get money from it(OSA practices)
           | , it doesn't really matter.
           | 
           | Anyway, downloading audiovisual media is fine, seeding is
           | not.
        
             | actionfromafar wrote:
             | Sweden apparently kept the fee _and_ made it illegal. That
             | 's extra mafia.
        
               | 2mlWQbCK wrote:
               | It is specifically illegal to make a copy of something
               | that has been illegally published, not illegal to make
               | copies for personal use in general.
               | 
               | Not that I am a lawyer.
        
             | 2mlWQbCK wrote:
             | Sweden has something similar (except, as I mentioned
             | elsewhere, the law was amended in 2005 to explicitly add an
             | exception for downloads).
             | 
             | The Berne Convention has a special provision for this.
             | Something about if the biggest rights organizations agree
             | then a country can have laws that allow some free copying.
             | So a tax on empty media (in Sweden also covering the
             | computer hard drives and the flash memory built into
             | phones) is used to pay off the big music and movie
             | companies.
             | 
             | The weird thing is that only the biggest industries are
             | paid off. No matter what you use your storage for, it is
             | the big movie and music companies that receive the money.
             | No other industries are paid off as far as I know, so most
             | others just have to accept that their stuff is legally
             | copied for free, without compensation (a few things like
             | software are always illegal to copy, so those industries
             | are not affected).
        
           | apexalpha wrote:
           | >Dont know any other country where it works like this.
           | 
           | The Netherlands works the exact same.
        
           | beAbU wrote:
           | In South Africa (as far as I understand) it's also perfectly
           | legal to copy stuff for personal use.
           | 
           | It's been a while since I've been in one, but our public
           | libraries had coin operated photocopiers, you can just walk
           | in, grab literally any book from the shelf, and copy away.
        
       | isaacfrond wrote:
       | It's certainly nice to see someone accused of bittorrenting with
       | the bankroll to come up with a decent legal defense team.
        
         | Mindwipe wrote:
         | This isn't a decent defence, it's a losing desperate one.
        
           | StevenWaterman wrote:
           | The noun phrase was "legal defence team" not "legal defence".
           | A decent team can put forward a poor defence
        
           | guappa wrote:
           | They can just bribe the president.
        
             | PontifexMinimus wrote:
             | Maybe Trump will legalise internet-based copying.
             | 
             | After all, the main people hurt would be Hollywood, which
             | is run by people supporting the Democrats. And it would be
             | popular with many voters (not an issue for Trump but it is
             | for Republicans).
        
               | rs186 wrote:
               | That seems an oversimplification.
               | 
               | Counter example: ownership of Amazon MGM Studios and its
               | parent Amazon.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Selling streaming media is a side business for Amazon
               | (and Apple), an add on as a way to move Amazon Prime and
               | Apple One subscriptions.
               | 
               | They would probably benefit by handicapping
               | Netflix/Disney/WBD/etc.
        
             | userbinator wrote:
             | Not sure if he has the power to, and if everyone else will
             | let him, but some EOs opening up the copyright system would
             | be very welcome. There are already some things he's done
             | around this:
             | 
             | https://www.omm.com/insights/alerts-publications/trump-
             | admin...
        
               | _Algernon_ wrote:
               | Inbefore he pardons meta for torrenting.
        
             | jillesvangurp wrote:
             | Probably no need. Elon Musk already did that. And one of
             | his companies just published a shiny new version of grok. I
             | wonder where they get their training material. I'm sure
             | it's all just tweets and no stashes of ebooks or other
             | material got downloaded in some way or otherwise fell of
             | the proverbial wagon.
             | 
             | Historically, copyright cases fell in favor of big media
             | corporations based on the notion that they were very rich
             | and powerful and could fight things endlessly, bribe/lobby
             | politicians, and cause laws to be changed (e.g. the DMCA).
             | 
             | However, AI companies are wealthier still. Some have
             | revenues exceeding the GDPs of most countries. Surely, rich
             | enough to outright buy out some of these media companies.
             | At which point it would stop being copyright infringement
             | because they'd own the copyrights. I'm sure some other
             | arrangement will be found that is less mutually disruptive
             | than a lot of court cases. Both sides are making too much
             | money for anything else to happen. Forget about small book
             | publishers making much of a difference here.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | _> Probably no need. Elon Musk already did that. And one
               | of his companies just published a shiny new version of
               | grok._
               | 
               | Trump _could_ make Grok, Facebook, Google and OpenAI 's
               | actions legal in response to a bribe from Musk.
               | 
               | Or he could step up enforcement actions against Facebook,
               | Google and OpenAI while issuing a pardon to Grok.
        
           | yyyk wrote:
           | Meta's real (nigh invincible) defence is 'we have way more
           | money than you and can keep this going forever'.
        
             | stogot wrote:
             | Money doesn't keep it going forever, only about 2-4 years,
             | even with appeals
             | 
             | That's enough to bankrupt individuals but industries
             | fighting industries can see it to the end, if they don't
             | settle
        
               | no_wizard wrote:
               | 2-4 years is optimistic IMO. I've seen many copyright
               | disputes carry for 7 years or more.
        
           | scotty79 wrote:
           | As the richest man on Earth, with multiple investigations
           | into him by various government agencies shown us, nothing is
           | desperate with billions of dollars "in the bank".
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | Yeah, kinda surprised they haven't just flat out denied it,
           | hoped it would blow over.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | At some point I expect we'll see the "shareholders made me do
           | it" defense. You know, the fiduciary-duty-to-keep-making-
           | billions-regardless defense.
        
         | mrweasel wrote:
         | Isn't Meta going to be battling the full legal team of the
         | entertainment industry with this argument? I think Meta did
         | something stupid with this argument, because there is no way
         | that Hollywood or the music industry is going be pleased with a
         | precedence for legally downloading copyrighted material. They
         | will now do everything in their power to get Meta found guilty.
        
           | d1sxeyes wrote:
           | Or, more likely, drop the case to avoid establishing a
           | precedent.
           | 
           | Sounds like Meta are banking on the entertainment industry
           | looking at it and deciding that the risk of losing this case
           | is too high given Meta's almost infinitely deep pockets to
           | mount a legal defence.
        
             | IshKebab wrote:
             | Maybe. But it's hard to see how they could possibly win
             | this case no matter how good their defence team is.
        
               | d1sxeyes wrote:
               | So, _if_ Meta were found to have been seeding or making
               | copyrighted materials available to others without
               | permission, that 's a slam dunk, I think.
               | 
               | But Meta's contention is 'you don't have any proof of
               | that'.
               | 
               | I think there is enough existing case law and ambiguity
               | in the law as it's written that Meta stand a _reasonable_
               | (although not a _good_ ) chance of being able to argue
               | that they did not commit any crime because a.) they did
               | not create the infringing copy (or that the infringing
               | copy that they received was a technical copy, and they
               | did not create an infringing copy themselves) b.) they
               | did not infringe for private or financial gain (the
               | models they trained on this material were released to the
               | public for free). There's an argument that copyright
               | infringement occurs only upon distribution, and as far as
               | I'm aware, there's no case law that just downloading a
               | copy is illegal.
               | 
               | Meta _may_ also be able to argue that their use of the
               | material could be considered  'fair', as it is non-
               | commercial, transformative, and that the use of the
               | material does not harm the market for the original work.
               | 
               | I'm not a lawyer, and I'm not arguing about the _merits_
               | of these arguments, just that they seem to me to be
               | plausible.
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | > a.) they did not create the infringing copy (or that
               | the infringing copy that they received was a technical
               | copy, and they did not create an infringing copy
               | themselves)
               | 
               | Copyright protects against _making copies_ of the work,
               | which they definitely did.
               | 
               | > There's an argument that copyright infringement occurs
               | only upon distribution
               | 
               | Not in most countries. Certainly not in America.
               | 
               | > b.) they did not infringe for private or financial gain
               | (the models they trained on this material were released
               | to the public for free).
               | 
               | They _definitely_ gained from it. If their argument rests
               | on that then they 're screwed.
               | 
               | > Meta may also be able to argue that their use of the
               | material could be considered 'fair', as it is non-
               | commercial, transformative, and that the use of the
               | material does not harm the market for the original work.
               | 
               | Probably their best bet but it's hard to see how that
               | would fly given that it _is_ commercial even if they
               | released it for free, and fair use normally depends on
               | how much of the work you use; they used all of
               | everything.
        
               | stephencanon wrote:
               | They don't want to win, they want to reach a settlement
               | where they admit no wrongdoing, but agree to pay some
               | medium-large fee that establishes a precedent.1 That fee
               | is essentially trivial to Meta, but becomes an effective
               | moat against new upstart rivals. The possibility of
               | losing everything is the stick they wield to encourage
               | the copyright owners to agree to accept only a medium-
               | large fee.
               | 
               | 1 Not necessarily a formal legal precedent, but at least
               | a floor on the "market value" of access to the data
        
             | stogot wrote:
             | what is worse to them:
             | 
             | Precedent that LLMs get to keep & use copyrighted data
             | 
             | LLMs get to keep & use copyrighted data without legal
             | precedent
             | 
             | I bet the industry will file amicus briefs to try to
             | support the plaintiffs
        
               | d1sxeyes wrote:
               | Dropping the case does not create any precedent, that's
               | the point. Losing the case would.
               | 
               | If you're going to have this fight, wait until you have
               | it with a worse-prepared and worse-resourced opponent
               | where you're more confident of the win.
        
             | escapecharacter wrote:
             | As much as I dislike the idea of individual copyright
             | owners, like visual artists or writers, having their works
             | scraped for AI without compensation...
             | 
             | If this does break the stranglehold that copyright has over
             | creative acts, especially in the US, this feels like a net
             | good.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | I love the idea. The problem is that we never even tried
               | to establish some standard licensing system that
               | encourages rewarding the creator while using their
               | copyright. Most people would rather work around and re-
               | invent a slightly bumpoer wheel.
        
               | bigtimesink wrote:
               | What's your test for when a use is ok and being held back
               | by copyright law versus when it's damaging? Why is one ok
               | but not the other?
        
             | JKCalhoun wrote:
             | Awesome. And just to be clear, Meta will walk away scot-
             | free, but Billy Torrent is definitely still going to be
             | fined $500,000 if he pulls down "Sleeping Beauty" from
             | 1959.
        
               | dgb23 wrote:
               | Exactly. There's always a question of power.
        
           | Munksgaard wrote:
           | Meta is a couple of times larger than the entire
           | entertainment industry combined...
        
             | hobs wrote:
             | I think its reversed, and that's just the USA -
             | 
             | The U.S. Media and Entertainment (M&E) industry is the
             | largest in the world at $649 billion (of the $2.8 trillion
             | global market) and is projected to grow to $808 billion by
             | 2028 at an average yearly rate of 4.3% (PwC 2024).
             | 
             | https://www.trade.gov/media-entertainment
             | 
             | Meta Platforms, formerly known as Facebook Inc., continues
             | to dominate the digital landscape with impressive financial
             | growth. In 2024, the company's annual revenue reached a
             | staggering 164.5 billion U.S. dollars, marking a
             | significant increase from 134.9 billion U.S. dollars in the
             | previous year. This upward trajectory reflects Meta's
             | ability to monetize its vast user base across multiple
             | platforms, solidifying its position as a tech giant.
             | 
             | https://www.statista.com/statistics/268604/annual-revenue-
             | of...
        
               | jpalawaga wrote:
               | I think the first statement is reporting on market cap
               | and the second statement is reporting on revenue.
               | 
               | If you look at UMG's revenue, one of the largest labels,
               | their revenue was 11B.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Meta's market cap is over $1.7 trillion. Over twice as
               | large as the whole media and entertainment industry.
        
               | Scoring6931 wrote:
               | Market cap is not cash in the bank.
        
           | dfxm12 wrote:
           | The current admin and the judges they installed are favorable
           | towards Zuck and antagonistic towards most of the
           | entertainment industry. If this case is seen through (which
           | is not likely) & Meta wins (even if via appeal to higher
           | courts), the legal decision will likely involve a very
           | specific carve out that says what Meta did, and only what
           | Meta did, was fine. It will have no affect on you or me.
        
           | bloomingkales wrote:
           | There's more money to make for entertainment artists in
           | licensing their image and voice for content creation at scale
           | (for the average joe). They need the LLM to exist, so there's
           | no point in crying about how it was made.
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | The combined market cap of Disney and Comcast (who owns NBC
           | and the like) is about 350 billion dollars [1][2]. Facebook
           | alone is worth about 1.7 trillion [3]. I had trouble finding
           | exact numbers on this, but it seems like the movie industry
           | itself in the US is worth less than $100 billion.
           | 
           | Facebook could simply _buy_ most of the companies involved if
           | they give them too much shit. We 've consolidated way too
           | much power into a few large tech companies. I don't see it
           | very likely that Hollywood could win this.
           | 
           | [1] https://companiesmarketcap.com/walt-disney/marketcap/ [2]
           | https://companiesmarketcap.com/comcast/marketcap/ [3]
           | https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/meta/market-cap/
        
             | achrono wrote:
             | Market cap is not money in the bank.
        
           | doctorpangloss wrote:
           | Meta already runs three of the top eight copyright-violation
           | distribution networks.
           | 
           | Google paid about $1b to Viacom in the YouTube piracy
           | dispute. That's a lot of money, but do you recall anything
           | seriously changing when that happened?
           | 
           | To me, the funniest product is Beat Saber. The best VR game
           | by far. 99% of the value is tied up in violating musician's
           | rights. Meta saved that game. Did people stop making music?
           | No.
           | 
           | This book torrenting thing is complex. The main thing
           | plaintiffs want is discovery of the training data. It's not
           | complicated. There's no justification for the court to block
           | that, it's a fishing expedition yes, but one that will turn
           | up a lot of fish. Then all AI companies will have to
           | acquiesce to it. That is the "win" for the industry.
        
           | rsync wrote:
           | "... the full legal team of the entertainment industry with
           | this argument ..."
           | 
           | Is that a problem for them ?
           | 
           | Doesn't meta make more money than _the entire industry of
           | Hollywood including all home entertainment revenue_ ?
           | 
           | I am certain they do.
           | 
           | EDIT: 2024 full year revenue for meta is ~160B as compared to
           | (roughly) 140B for _the entirety of the film industry_.
        
         | idiotsecant wrote:
         | The unfortunate side effect is that a megacorp gets to vacuum
         | up the sum of human knowledge for free, boil it down, and sell
         | it back to us for a nice profit.
        
           | visarga wrote:
           | Ah you mean like Google Search?
        
             | moring wrote:
             | Google doesn't "vaccuum up" anything. Every site indexed by
             | Google is still available without using Google at all. They
             | are _copying_ information, not moving or removing it.
        
               | bolognafairy wrote:
               | And how does downloading a torrent differ from that?
        
               | notimetorelax wrote:
               | It does not, and both uses are fine.
        
               | shakna wrote:
               | The sites copied by Google Search explicitly allow it.
               | 
               | The books copied by Meta, explicitly disallow it, and
               | require payment for distribution.
        
               | yreg wrote:
               | Information wants to be free.
        
               | shakna wrote:
               | Perhaps. However, information won't be produced, if the
               | already tenuous financial positions of authors is
               | removed.
               | 
               | Things should be free, as in speech, not as in beer.
               | Especially in this case. The giants of Silicon Valley
               | could in fact purchase these rights.
               | 
               | Few authors care about people personally enjoying a
               | product through otherwise means. They do care about mass
               | distribution without attribution, without royalty, and
               | without regard.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Information isn't copyrightable, at least in the US. Only
               | creative works. But I get what you are saying.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | That's fine and dandy as part of a free as in beer ethos.
               | When 'information' wants to pad the quarterly earnings
               | statement of a gigantic corporation that exists only by
               | grinding the suffering of fellow humans into a fine
               | marketable paste I am somewhat less sympathetic.
               | Information should be free. To people, for non-commercial
               | use.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | The sites indexed often don't explicitly allow it. I can
               | see my website in the index of web search engines that I
               | never opted in to.
               | 
               | I'm not unhappy about it; but was never consulted.
        
               | axus wrote:
               | Linking is different from copying, and fortunately the
               | last case I remember allows it:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticketmaster_Corp._v._Ticke
               | ts.....
        
               | amne wrote:
               | Tell me you've never googled lyrics without telling
               | me.....
        
               | mcursa wrote:
               | Sources are linked below the lyrics though!
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | But how did can Google index a site without copying it to
               | their servers?
        
               | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
               | It doesn't, unless the torrent later becomes unavailable.
               | Then the AI trained with is the only "copy" left.
               | 
               | If anything, the law should require that they seed their
               | training data so that the competitive landscape converges
               | on actual technological innovation and not moat building
               | through data destruction.
        
             | arnaudsm wrote:
             | Google Search brings you traffic and revenue. LLMs do not.
        
               | rocqua wrote:
               | See also how people have responded to google-snippets.
               | When google search threatens to remove traffic or
               | revenue, people get angry quite quickly.
        
             | idiotsecant wrote:
             | I still own my content. Google links to it and sends me
             | traffic. We both win. This sort of relationship is not
             | present when my content is anonymously fed into a training
             | model intended to be used to extract users _before_ they
             | are sent to me. And, yes, I am aware Google has pulled some
             | cute shit with this definition, and when they do it then it
             | 's also bad.
        
               | visarga wrote:
               | > Google links to it and sends me traffic
               | 
               | Used to, but more recently it's probably LLM agents using
               | Google not people. And even if it's not yet, it will be.
               | Last time I searched for something on Google it messed up
               | so bad I quickly returned to GPT-4o+search.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | If that's the case, Google should go away. I use kagi and
               | it works pretty well for me.
               | 
               | The answer to bad products is not to throw away the idea
               | of people getting to control their own content.
        
           | LevGoldstein wrote:
           | How long before a handful of entities, having already
           | ingested the available content into their proprietary
           | systems, bankroll assaults on Wikipedia and the Internet
           | Archive.
        
             | retropragma wrote:
             | Likely never, as those platforms are continuously updating
             | at no cost to the siphons training their LLMs on them
        
           | mft_ wrote:
           | Really?
           | 
           | a) Meta are (so far) releasing their models for free.
           | 
           | b) There's nothing stopping non-mega-corps from doing the
           | same, especially if this precedent was established. (Training
           | is of course expensive but this is a challenge, not an
           | absolute block.)
        
       | r1chardnl wrote:
       | "If you steal from one author, it's plagiarism; if you steal from
       | many, it's research." - Wilson Mizner
        
         | janlaureys wrote:
         | "Plagiarize, let no one else's work evade your eyes. Remember
         | why the good lord made your eyes, so don't shade your eyes but
         | plagiarize, plagiarize, plagiarize !" ~ Me
        
           | jfk13 wrote:
           | Glad to see you didn't acknowledge your source! :-)
           | 
           | (It's Tom Lehrer, for any who don't recognize it.)
        
             | stevage wrote:
             | No, it's Jan Laureys
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | - Lincoln. Fact-checked by Meta.
        
           | edm0nd wrote:
           | I sung this in the style of System Of A Down for some reason
        
             | okwhateverdude wrote:
             | And now I am infinitely disappointed that there don't seem
             | to be any covers of Tom Lehrer tunes in the style of System
             | of a Down.
        
         | graemep wrote:
         | Plagiarism is claiming credit for work that is not yours: it is
         | entirely different from a breach of copyright. You can breach
         | copyright without plagiarism, and you can plagiarise without
         | breaching copyright.
        
         | tsumnia wrote:
         | "Good Artists Copy, Great Artists Steal" - Picasso
        
       | selamtux wrote:
       | Aaron Swartz didn't seed or distribute articles too
        
         | mandmandam wrote:
         | I don't think that what Aaron did was* wrong.
         | 
         | Meta's wholescale theft, however, is pretty hard to defend, and
         | Meta knew it. That's why they went to some lengths to hide it.
         | 
         | Similarly, that OpenAI whistleblower, the one whose family was
         | calling for a murder investigation, might be alive today if it
         | wasn't pretty well known that stealing the work of
         | thousands/millions of people to make a for-profit imitation
         | machine isn't exactly cool or legal.
         | 
         | Edit: egregious typo.
        
           | InsideOutSanta wrote:
           | What Aaron did was not wrong.
           | 
           | He intended to make journal articles publicly available. They
           | should be, as many are publicly funded, and academic
           | publishers like Elsevier do not pay for these articles.
           | Scientists provide them to journals. Universities, libraries,
           | and we then have to buy back access.
        
             | w4rh4wk5 wrote:
             | +1 public money, public research
        
             | mandmandam wrote:
             | Yeah agreed, I was typing pre-caffeination :/
        
             | drawkward wrote:
             | Trump solved the problem by just removing the funding!
             | Checkmate, Libs! /s
        
         | weberer wrote:
         | Swartz killed himself before the trial actually took place. Its
         | entirely possible that the court would have ruled in his favor.
        
           | ramblerman wrote:
           | Maybe, but getting arrested with the FBI involved is a pretty
           | traumatic event for a citizen. Having your company's lawyers
           | mail back and forth with the DoJ less so.
        
           | visarga wrote:
           | Probably not because there was a DA who needed to make her
           | career on his back.
        
       | selamtux wrote:
       | by the way they say "we didn't seed after the download" but what
       | about while downloading in progress?
        
         | sheepdestroyer wrote:
         | In any case it's really easy to configure a BitTorrent client
         | to never seed. It would be dumb not to when torrenting for
         | work.
        
         | dspillett wrote:
         | The claim is that they "took precautions not to 'seed' any
         | downloaded files" - that probably means blocking all upload
         | actions which is possible with many torrent clients. They may
         | also have used a custom hacked client that didn't even connect
         | to other nodes that didn't claim to have 100% already.
        
       | throw310822 wrote:
       | In fairness, I don't think Meta would have (had) any trouble
       | paying the fair price of every book they downloaded (the price of
       | exactly one copy) if that had been possible to do at scale.
        
         | ashu1461 wrote:
         | Paying the price of one copy does not imply that you can use it
         | for training, right ?
        
           | throw310822 wrote:
           | That's what I do all the time, when I buy a copy of a book
           | and read it.
        
           | pyrale wrote:
           | Since there is no such thing as training rights, they would
           | have a reasonable claim.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | I think it is more reasonable for content owners to say
             | what can and cannot be done with their data. After all,
             | content is what make AI possible, and content owners could
             | easily start their own LLM if they wanted to since a lot of
             | it is open source now.
        
               | visarga wrote:
               | That is not reasonable, should a child heed the
               | restrictions placed on the 1st grade math book later in
               | life, when they become PhD?
        
               | davidcbc wrote:
               | LLMs aren't people
        
               | flir wrote:
               | LLMs aren't the ones making the decision to use the
               | copyrighted information as training data, and it's that
               | decision that is at issue here.
        
               | stale2002 wrote:
               | No, but people are the one's training the models.
        
               | cowl wrote:
               | they are not content "owners" though. they have a a
               | copyright that regulates who can copy and distribute that
               | data. they don't have a say how that content is used when
               | acquired legally as long as you activity doesn't
               | constitute a distribution.
        
               | flir wrote:
               | You're taking an "everything not permitted is forbidden"
               | approach, which contradicts the common law principle of
               | residual freedom.
               | 
               | This would automatically outlaw any new use of
               | information (eg music sampling) by default.
               | 
               | If all novel uses were banned from the outset, cultural
               | progress would suffer immeasurably.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | I don't think cultural progress will suffer from
               | copyright holders preventing AI from using their content.
               | 
               | What I think will suffer more is the bank accounts of AI
               | corporations.
        
               | flir wrote:
               | So to be clear, you're arguing this one specific use
               | (machine learning) should be knocked on the head? And not
               | all novel uses?
               | 
               | Because "content owners to say what can and cannot be
               | done with their data" is quite broad.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | No, that's not what I said.
               | 
               | If we want to use data owned by others and make money
               | with it, we can do two things:
               | 
               | (1) just grab the data
               | 
               | (2) ask the content owners
               | 
               | I think what is fair is closer to (2) than to (1).
               | Especially since the data was originally intended for
               | human consumption. What you call "training" is what
               | another person might call "mechanized processing", and
               | would not fall within fair use of the data.
        
               | flir wrote:
               | I'm honestly at a loss here. I can't figure out what your
               | position is.
               | 
               | > If we want to use data owned by others and make money
               | with it [...] ask the content owners
               | 
               | So is it "no commercial use without permission" you're
               | arguing for?
               | 
               | > mechanized processing
               | 
               | Or are you arguing that training should fall under the
               | existing mechanical license provisions for songs? I don't
               | think you are, because those licenses are compulsory, and
               | you seem to want an element of choice for the copyright
               | holder.
               | 
               | Ok, put the chatbots aside for the moment. If [brand new
               | use] for a book is invented, and I buy a copy of that
               | book and want to do [that new thing] with it, should the
               | copyright holder of that book be able to block me?
        
               | stale2002 wrote:
               | >I think it is more reasonable for content owners to say
               | what can and cannot be done with their data.
               | 
               | They lose that right as soon as they sell it to other
               | people.
               | 
               | No, you can't sell a book to someone and then sue anyone
               | who reads the book, upside down.
               | 
               | That would be ridiculous. If you don't want someone
               | reading your book upside down, or training on it, then
               | don't sell books.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | You assume that "training" and human learning are similar
               | things.
               | 
               | This is a bit like saying that taking a holiday picture
               | of someone, and putting a surveillance camera on the
               | street are the same thing.
               | 
               | I think many books actually prohibit the storage into an
               | information retrieval system and AI can be considered a
               | form of that.
        
               | stale2002 wrote:
               | > You assume that "training" and human learning are
               | similar things.
               | 
               | No I don't. Because a human is choosing to enact the
               | training regardless.
               | 
               | Just like if a human held a book up to a rock. It would
               | be ridiculous that an author could ban a human from
               | "training" a rock from a book. Its their book, and they
               | can show it to a rock if they want!
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | If you buy a DVD and show it at work, then that's also
               | ok, because it is your DVD and you can do with it
               | whatever you want?
               | 
               | Turns out, nope, that's not ok.
        
           | noirscape wrote:
           | (note; not a lawyer) It depends on if a model is a derivate
           | work from it's source material or not. If yes, then all
           | copyright protections come into force. If not, then the
           | author can't rely on copyright to protect themselves.
           | 
           | My instinct/gut says that an AI model is a derivative work
           | from the training data (in that it quite literally takes
           | training data to produce a new creative output, with the
           | "human addition" being the selection of training data to
           | use), but there's not really clear judgements on it either
           | way for the time being, which leaves room to argue.
           | 
           | The actual methodology used ("isn't an LLM like a computer
           | reading a book for yourself?") is an irrelevant distraction
           | in this regard. Computers aren't people and don't get that
           | sort of protection; they're ultimately tools programmed to do
           | things by humans and as a rule we hold humans responsible
           | when those tools do something bad/wrong. "Computer says no"
           | works on the small scale, but in cases like this, it's not
           | really an adequate defense.
        
             | ykonstant wrote:
             | Or rather, that is how it should be; I think the
             | uncomfortable truth here is that we need Congress to make
             | laws to clarify the situation in the favor of society, and
             | Congress does not seem willing to do that.
        
             | visarga wrote:
             | Doesn't synthetic data complicate this reasoning? If I
             | train a model on synthetic data, which is not protected by
             | copyright, I am free to do as I please. It won't even
             | regurgitate the originals, it will learn the abstractions
             | not memorize the exact expression, because it doesn't see
             | it.
             | 
             | But it's not just supervised training. Maybe a model
             | trained on reasoning traces and RLHF is not a mere
             | derivative of the training set. All recent models are being
             | trained on self generated data produced with reward or
             | preference models.
             | 
             | When a model trains on a piece of text it won't derive
             | gradients from the parts it knows, it will only absorb the
             | novel parts. So what it takes from each example depends on
             | the ordering of training examples. It is a process of
             | diffing between model and text, could be seen as a form of
             | analysis not simple memorization.
             | 
             | Even if it is infringement to train on protected works, the
             | model size is 100x up to 1000x smaller than the training
             | set, it has no space to memorize it.
             | 
             | The larger the training set, the less impact any one work
             | has. It is de minimis use, paradoxically, the more you take
             | the less you imitate.
             | 
             | That should matter when estimating damages.
        
             | ashu1461 wrote:
             | Understood, Was there any conclusion to the past copy right
             | cases that have been filed against open ai / anthropic ?
        
               | noirscape wrote:
               | All still pending as far as I'm aware. The only concluded
               | lawsuit is that LAION isn't responsible for how AI
               | companies use it's dataset and that merely providing a
               | tagged image index isn't in and of itself copyright
               | infringement (and that lawsuit was ruled in Germany, not
               | the US.)
        
           | IshKebab wrote:
           | That is still an open question.
        
         | pyrale wrote:
         | They would have a better defense if they had escrowed that
         | money and/or reasonably tried to buy.
        
           | throw310822 wrote:
           | Indeed. Although there is the case of owners of rights
           | invited to come forward to receive their due, if it wasn't
           | possible to contact them before. You probably need a proof
           | that you made an effort though.
           | 
           | It's also true that anyone can go to a public library and
           | read all the contents for free- the point is they can't
           | further distribute them except in a highly processed form
           | (i.e. they can distribute original products influenced by
           | what they have read). Here the issue is the scale of both the
           | "reading" part and of the "producing original work" part.
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | If anyone could do it at scale, it would be Meta.
        
       | ashu1461 wrote:
       | So openai announced once that it will cover its' clients legal
       | costs for copyright infringement suits, wonder how it works.
       | Either they are very cautious about where they are training or
       | seeding the data from or there is a loophole.
        
         | noirscape wrote:
         | It's a bluff, OpenAI and Microsoft both have an carveout in
         | that guarantee that effectively says "if we think you
         | deliberately did copyright infringement with our tools, we
         | won't help you".
         | 
         | And of course, conveniently, if you get a copyright
         | infringement lawsuit, they can just point to that. A company
         | promising legal defense is only worth the paper it's written on
         | and there's always carveouts like that, with the likelihood of
         | them being used probably being equal to the risk the company
         | takes on with that promise. US Copyright lawsuits having pretty
         | extreme fines makes them fairly likely to get used.
        
         | guappa wrote:
         | Probably "after the fact", meaning you first go bankrupt so
         | they don't have to pay you.
        
       | zigman1 wrote:
       | Did at least their competitors seed?
        
       | yyyk wrote:
       | Pirating used to be the worst. The law is awfully flexible when
       | large companies want it to be.
        
         | abenga wrote:
         | The law doesn't punish those who break it. It punishes those
         | who can't afford expensive legal teams and those who hurt
         | people who can afford expensive legal teams.
        
       | guappa wrote:
       | I think they should be fined more for torrenting and not seeding
       | :D
        
         | lubujackson wrote:
         | Meta's rep continues to degrade - first they steal from
         | copyright holders, but then they admit to leeching? Not even a
         | 1:1 ratio?!
         | 
         | /kickban
        
           | easterncalculus wrote:
           | Seriously though, where is that magnet link? That's the only
           | question on my mind when these articles come up.
        
             | janetmissed wrote:
             | annas archive has a whole section on torrenting
        
             | bcraven wrote:
             | >This torrent list is the "ultimate unified list" of
             | releases by Anna's Archive, Library Genesis, Sci-Hub, and
             | others. By seeding these torrents, you help preserve
             | humanity's knowledge and culture. These torrents represent
             | the vast majority of human knowledge that can be mirrored
             | in bulk.
             | 
             | >These torrents are not meant for downloading individual
             | books. They are meant for long-term preservation. With
             | these torrents you can set up a full mirror of Anna's
             | Archive, using our source code and metadata (which can be
             | generated or downloaded as ElasticSearch and MariaDB
             | databases). We also have full lists of torrents, as JSON.
             | 
             | https://annas-archive.org/torrents
        
       | vednig wrote:
       | This lawsuit may have impact on legality of open AI models like
       | LLAMA 3, if outcome makes it illegal this may prevent businesses
       | utilizing these models directly in their project.
        
       | brendoelfrendo wrote:
       | So not only did they pirate all those books, they were also jerks
       | about it? Meta's seeding ratio would've gotten them kicked off of
       | most private trackers back in the day.
        
       | fetzu wrote:
       | [deleted]
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | If this was 15-20 years ago, arguably at the peak of P2P
       | filesharing, I suspect most people would side with Meta.
        
         | apexalpha wrote:
         | In the Netherlands this is still the law.
         | 
         | Downloading is fine, uploading is not.
         | 
         | We used to have a sort of national library of every single
         | media on Usenet back in the day.
        
           | actionfromafar wrote:
           | Maybe Meta has a "trading desk" in the Netherlands. :-)
        
           | aithrowawaycomm wrote:
           | 11 years ago the EU made the Netherlands change their
           | position: https://www.zdnet.com/article/downloading-pirate-
           | material-fi... AFAIK this is still the case - the Netherlands
           | is more poorly-enforced than other EU countries, but it's
           | still illegal to download pirated material.
        
             | apexalpha wrote:
             | Weird, TIL.
             | 
             | This has never been enforced though.
        
               | aithrowawaycomm wrote:
               | It certainly has!
               | 
               | https://stichtingbrein.nl/largest-ever-criminal-action-
               | again...
               | 
               | https://piracymonitor.org/netherlands-odido-is-ordered-
               | to-bl...
               | 
               | https://piracymonitor.org/netherlands-brein-reports-two-
               | pira...
        
               | apexalpha wrote:
               | All these are proof of _upload_ enforcement, not
               | download.
        
             | jillyboel wrote:
             | And of course the "thuiskopieheffing", a tax on any storage
             | device that ostensibly is used to fund those whose media
             | gets copied, is still in effect: https://en.wikipedia.org/w
             | iki/Private_copying_levy#Netherlan...
             | 
             | As long as I'm paying a tax for it, it is my right to copy
        
               | aithrowawaycomm wrote:
               | No, it is not your right to copy! If you want to keep
               | using euros and have free travel to other Eurozone
               | countries, you need to respect EU law. The tax does not
               | respect EU law because it makes no effort to actually
               | offset losses to copyright holders.
               | 
               | Your comment doesn't even make sense! The intention was
               | never to make piracy okay, it was to offset a tiny
               | fraction of the financial losses. These financial losses
               | are still occurring even now that piracy is formally
               | illegal, so the tax is still justified.
               | 
               | More generally this seems a form of freeloading: picking
               | the parts of the EU that you like, ignoring the parts
               | that don't. Who cares about society, it's just me me me.
               | Pure selfishness.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | Collecting restitution from innocent parties is perhaps
               | the definition of injustice.
        
               | jillyboel wrote:
               | Not sure what you're on about but it was permitted by
               | law, and the tax exists because of that reason. The EU
               | bullied the NL into changing some laws (which aren't
               | enforced), but the NL is still charging this tax.
               | 
               | None of that really has anything to do with me, I'm not a
               | bureaucrat. But they chose to still tax me, so as far as
               | I'm concerned I have the moral right to download as much
               | as I want.
               | 
               | Anyway, feel free to lobby the NL to drop this tax and
               | then we can talk.
        
           | ninalanyon wrote:
           | These days for books at least Anna's Archive is the place to
           | go.
           | 
           | https://annas-archive.org/activity
        
         | grotorea wrote:
         | I think people would dunk on Meta for not seeding
        
         | micromacrofoot wrote:
         | Why do we have to play this purity game where we take a
         | situation, remove context, and wag our finger at each other?
         | 
         | There's an ENORMOUS difference between college students
         | pirating some movies or albums and the company worth $2
         | trillion doing it programmatically across millions of works and
         | then _reselling the laundered data_.
         | 
         | This is a completely unserious discussion without considering
         | context.
        
           | Ajedi32 wrote:
           | The difference being... what? Just scale?
           | 
           | To be clear, Meta didn't "[resell] the laundered data": or at
           | least they're claiming there's no proof of seeding.
        
             | asadotzler wrote:
             | Yes, scale matters, a lot. I can feed my neighbor some
             | rycin and I'm a murderer. If I poison the state's water
             | supply with rycin and millions die, I'm not just a murderer
             | any more. I'm now a terrorist and an entirely new set of
             | laws apply to me. Same with blowing up my neighbors barn vs
             | blowing up a large building. Scale matters and these
             | "what's the difference except the scale" comments seem
             | unconsidered or naive to me.
        
             | throw_m239339 wrote:
             | The difference is scale AND that META does it for profit,
             | violating plenty of licensing terms in the process as well.
        
         | kstrauser wrote:
         | I still do on this one specific argument. Just because I loathe
         | them doesn't mean I disagree with everything they say.
        
         | bodiekane wrote:
         | It's today and everyone on HN still should side with them.
         | 
         | It's a travesty that we let the RIAA and MPAA sue defenseless
         | kids and elderly for impossibly large sums, forced them to
         | settle out of court to avoid expensive legal fees, and then use
         | those acts of terrorism to establish the insane idea that
         | filesharing was tantamount to "theft" or should be restricted.
         | 
         | I hope Meta wins. I hope we see a reversal of the attacks on
         | fair use and the end of abusive fraudulent DMCA takedowns, and
         | I'm happy to finally have a powerful ally in the resistance
         | against oppression from the copyright cartel.
        
       | blogabegonija wrote:
       | We have TV culture not recognizing the Internet culture.
        
       | pulkitsh1234 wrote:
       | I am curious, where did the other companies (OpenAI, Anthropic,
       | et al) get their training data from? Why is only Meta under fire
       | for this?
        
         | xuki wrote:
         | Meta is dumb enough to use email to discuss it.
        
         | cwoolfe wrote:
         | It's not just books; most websites technically don't allow
         | scraping content, but most of the content on which these models
         | trained was scraped from the web. It's legality is still an
         | open question.
        
       | codelion wrote:
       | Yeah, the difficulty of tracking is a huge factor. Plus, with
       | torrenting, the "making available" part is pretty blatant. With
       | Usenet or direct downloads, it's a grayer area unless you're
       | running the server. I've always wondered about the legal nuances
       | of just passively receiving copyrighted data - like if a
       | misconfigured server pushes something to you without you
       | requesting it.
        
       | Rhapso wrote:
       | Unless they actively modified a bittorrent client, even leeches
       | upload and share some chunks.
        
         | itiduenacvylipt wrote:
         | It's not hard. I've done it.
        
           | Rhapso wrote:
           | Right, but did they? It being easy doesn't mean data
           | scientists moving fast and breaking things bothered while
           | they were already doing something illegal.
        
       | stevage wrote:
       | > Evidence instead shows that Meta "took precautions not to
       | 'seed' any downloaded files," Meta's filing said. Seeding refers
       | to sharing a torrented file after the download completes, and
       | because there's allegedly no proof of such "seeding," Meta
       | insisted that authors cannot prove Meta shared the pirated books
       | with anyone during the torrenting process.
       | 
       | Are they actually claiming only that they didn't share after the
       | torrent completed? Or is the journalist just confused?
       | 
       | My understanding with bittorrent is that normally during download
       | you are also uploading. "Seeding" is just what the uploading part
       | is called when you're not also downloading.
       | 
       | I think it _is_ possible to download without doing any uploading
       | at all, but I feel like the onus of proof should be on them to
       | show that they actually did that.
        
         | rozab wrote:
         | I think it's possible with the optimistic unchoking feature of
         | BT but it would be slow and rely on generous clients.
         | 
         | But at the end of the day I don't think Meta care enough. They
         | see themselves as being above the law and likely didn't seed
         | 'more than necessary' only because it didn't benefit them.
        
         | d1sxeyes wrote:
         | But that's not quite how the law works. Meta's response here is
         | "you have no evidence of any wrongdoing".
         | 
         | The fact we're even discussing this shows that there's at least
         | some doubt that Meta could be successfully prosecuted for
         | downloading alone.
         | 
         | With regards to uploading, legally speaking, it sounds like
         | they're right. Generally, the presumption of innocence means
         | that whoever's doing the accusing carries the burden of proof,
         | and without any evidence that Meta did anything wrong, it also
         | sets a worrying precedent that Meta would proactively have to
         | prove their innocence in the face of no evidence to the
         | contrary.
        
         | mft_ wrote:
         | You're right that torrent clients typically share during
         | downloading, although one might limit this by limiting the
         | upload bandwidth.
         | 
         | However, while we have no idea the lengths that Meta went to
         | (or not), I suspect they have the engineering chops to fork and
         | tweak their own 'download-only' torrent client.
        
       | DrScientist wrote:
       | In the end it's it about the money? ie the loss to the copyright
       | holder.
       | 
       | One of the reasons people sharing were gone after is you could
       | aggregate the loss to one lawsuit - the person sharing was
       | responsible for every lost sale - rather than chasing the
       | thousands of individual lost sales, one at once, for each
       | download. Not sure that actually made the best sense from a legal
       | perspective as the sharer wasn't necessarily benefiting - but it
       | was pushed for practical reasons.
       | 
       | In this case I'm assuming Meta downloaded as many pirated books
       | as it could get it's hands on in order to avoid paying for them.
       | 
       | Seems common sense what they did is/should be illegal.
        
       | AlienRobot wrote:
       | Torrenting without seeding is a new low even for Meta.
        
       | poulpy123 wrote:
       | my teenager self the trillion dollars company
        
       | api wrote:
       | We'll see if small scale piracy is bad but massive scale
       | corporate piracy is fine.
        
       | hsuduebc2 wrote:
       | Corporate advocating for internet piracy, even better for
       | torrents surely was not on my 2025 bingo card.
        
       | karlkloss wrote:
       | So I'm allowed to torrent all the games and apps for their VR
       | headsets? Good that they clarified this.
        
         | tripplyons wrote:
         | Only if you leech it, I guess.
        
       | sheepdestroyer wrote:
       | The Open(Closed)AIs of the world have millions of dollars to
       | spend on IP datasets.
       | 
       | Arguing that copyright forbids training AI models without paying
       | authors is the moat that would prevent any hope that small labs,
       | individuals, and open source communities can ever compete with
       | these huge corpos.
       | 
       | The books and other artworks they are arguing over didn't come
       | generated spontaneously from nowhere, and it's disingenuous to
       | refuse sharing them to inform what is basically the worlds next
       | currency : Intelligence. Doing so is just saying that knowledge
       | and intelligence must belong to rich corpos only and never be
       | democratized.
       | 
       | This is unexpected but Meta is basically being the good guy by
       | giving away their research papers and models weight resulting
       | from millions of $ of training.
       | 
       | The alternative to open source AI is everyone's subjugation to
       | the oligarchists in charge of Intelligence. Copyrights holders
       | who argue against free training of open source models from their
       | work are morally and ethically wrong here.
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | Semantic details aside (I was just downloading/leeching, bro!1! I
       | pinky promise). Clearly a PR campaign.
       | 
       | It's abhorrent that a multibillion dollar company is not just
       | pirating the content for personal use (? wtf how can a for profit
       | company download it for _personal_ use ?) but also _profits_ on
       | the pirated content by using it for training material.
       | 
       | The whole "corporations" are people ruling is fucking stupid, and
       | truly shows how much this country bends to the billionaire class
        
       | anilakar wrote:
       | Disclaimer: not American.
       | 
       | Copyright agencies that monitor torrents here have actually
       | verified that peers offer at least one offending chunk on
       | protocol level and the Market Court has decided it's the minimum
       | that can be considered sharing. As far as I know, nobody has yet
       | claimed their client has been modified to download without
       | seeding.
        
         | itiduenacvylipt wrote:
         | I do not work for Meta. Still throwaway account for obvious
         | reasons.
         | 
         | I wrote a modified torrent client that fake seeds. No data (not
         | even a byte) of the content itself is ever uploaded to another
         | peer.
         | 
         | I'm aware this is an asshole move, but it made the lawyers
         | happier.
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | That's actually really interesting, thanks for sharing.
           | 
           | I've genuinely been wondering if someone building these
           | models has done exactly that, precisely after discussing with
           | lawyers. It seems like the obvious move, legally.
        
       | Mekoloto wrote:
       | In germany its saver to illegally download through usenet because
       | you don't upload and the cost a rights owner can make is only the
       | cost of the product and not an aribrary number of (you puloaded
       | it and created damage of x).
       | 
       | It doesn't make it legal at all, it just makes it no longer
       | interesting for IP owners to sue you.
        
         | bmicraft wrote:
         | Wasn't there a ruling like a decade ago that explicitly
         | declared storing illegal, but streaming (download to RAM) is
         | fine as a non-redistributing client?
         | 
         | Of course the rights holder would have trouble proving whether
         | you did save it, but that's a different issue.
        
           | Mekoloto wrote:
           | Its official illegal for a while.
           | 
           | Nonetheless its the same thing: if they can prove you watched
           | it, the damage is small for you and because IP holders are
           | splittered, and you didn't just watch content of one, its
           | probably not worth it to sue you.
        
       | fazeirony wrote:
       | so trying to understand here. when metallica et. al. went after
       | kids (well, i guess ppl my age all those years ago lol) for using
       | napster and downloading their music...they made this very clear
       | distinction right?
       | 
       | i'm beyond sick and tired of these large corpos arguing 'rules
       | for thee but not for me.' unfortunately, in this country with no
       | meaningful legislation around privacy or really, anything
       | digital, it's a game of 'who has the slickest lawyers to pull one
       | over on the judge/jury' it would seem.
        
       | indigovole wrote:
       | This amounts to a claim of fair use, since copying occurs. Pretty
       | disingenuous of them to make a claim that an individual user
       | would make.
       | 
       | The outcome of a fair use claim by one of the world's largest
       | corporations to ingest wholesale an entire corpus and use it for
       | commercial purposes is probably not the same as one by an
       | individual person who wanted to watch a movie.
       | 
       | It's not the same use, and is much more likely to be found
       | unfair.
        
       | llm_trw wrote:
       | Well it was a nice run.
       | 
       | I expect all LLMs to be illegal within a year if this is the sort
       | of high caliber defense the top minds of meta can come up with.
        
       | bilekas wrote:
       | This is actually genius from the lawyers of meta. In this way
       | they are pushing the onus onto the question of "what is illegal
       | in regards to torrenting copyright content".
       | 
       | They have the money and legal team to push it to any conclusion,
       | but that conclusion would risk so many huge industries in the Us
       | that too many parties would be effected. That would incentivize
       | companies to drop this case against meta and the status quo can
       | continue.
       | 
       | I'm under absolutely zero illusion this will set some precedent
       | for one way or the other. It's too valuable to too many people
       | involved.
        
         | thrance wrote:
         | Yes, it will just turn into another proof that if you're rich
         | enough you can get away with anything in this country. The rule
         | of law is three times gone and never coming back.
        
         | erremerre wrote:
         | Can someone, self representing, and with the very intention to
         | lose, keep going this battle? I don't know, there are 70tb of
         | books, could someone who had published under their name carry
         | on independently?
        
           | thrwaway1985882 wrote:
           | Anybody can sue anybody, and this someone in your example
           | would likely have standing, so why not?
           | 
           | A single person self representing against a company that is
           | essentially one of the largest law firms on the planet, and
           | can outspend them tens of thousands times over - what's to be
           | gained?
        
         | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
         | In the Netherlands, for individuals at least, it's legal to
         | download copyrighted works, but not to upload or seed. I don't
         | know if that applies to corporations.
        
         | otterley wrote:
         | It's not genius; it's SOP in legal procedure. See my other
         | comment in this discussion.
        
       | gampleman wrote:
       | I'm a little confused about how is it supposed to work otherwise?
       | Do I have an obligation as an internet user to ascertain if a
       | website owner whose website I visit has the all the rights to all
       | the media that the website contains (presumably also working out
       | whatever jurisdictional issues come up)?
       | 
       | Like how do you know that (say) Netflix actually has the right to
       | stream you every show that they do? And how do you know that some
       | random ad supported website doesn't?
        
         | bilekas wrote:
         | It's an argument made in bad faith to basically send a message
         | to the claim bringers that "hey, we have enough money and time
         | to push this argument all the way, want to try us?".
         | 
         | Try this as a citizen.
        
         | a2128 wrote:
         | It's a difference of intent. Paying Netflix as an individual
         | with the intention and expectation of watching content legally
         | is very different to torrenting terabytes of pirated books on
         | company laptops for training a commercial AI to replace those
         | writers, and employees even expressing concern over its ethics
         | on recorded communication
        
           | Ajedi32 wrote:
           | So your position is that it _is_ illegal for me to watch a
           | movie on Netflix that they don 't have the rights to? Just
           | that I wouldn't be prosecuted because I didn't _intend_ to
           | break the law? Unless perhaps I knew they didn 't have the
           | rights to it but watched it anyway?
        
             | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
             | That the judge will say you did not break the law because
             | you reasonably believed you were following the law.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mens_rea
        
       | gunalx wrote:
       | You wouldnt download a BOOK. (But meta is allowed, because they
       | are to big to fail or something)
        
       | palata wrote:
       | Burning tires in Meta's offices isn't illegal without proof of
       | having set the tires on fire.
        
       | lucasyvas wrote:
       | This sets a hilarious precedent where downloading torrents
       | becomes completely fine. You can just cite this case if they win
       | - even though we are talking about books the MPAA is probably
       | going to have an opinion here.
        
         | 999900000999 wrote:
         | You're typical 19 year old doesn't have a team of elite lawyers
         | to argue for her when she torrents Game of Thrones.
         | 
         | Expect Meta to "win" as in the plaintiffs just give up and
         | calculate it's not worth pursuing. It would stun me if they
         | even settle.
         | 
         | Not to mention the LLMs themselves are creating unauthorized
         | copies of copywriten content. But again, Meta has unlimited
         | money. Different rules for them.
        
         | ThrowawayTestr wrote:
         | Not sure if it's still the case but this is it is in Canada.
         | Downloading is legal but uploading is illegal.
        
           | lucasyvas wrote:
           | I think you're right but I don't think this is the case in
           | the US? I've certainly read many stories over the years of
           | the hammer coming down on downloading on its own.
        
       | IncreasePosts wrote:
       | That was my understanding too for a long time. I thought everyone
       | who got sued for using BitTorrent was sued because they were
       | "distributing" copies. Downloading isn't distributing. I also
       | don't think anyone has ever been sued in America for using
       | websites which stream movies they don't have the rights to to
       | you.
        
       | toss1 wrote:
       | Meta may not be re-seeding the titles in the original form, but
       | Meta _ARE_ definitely redistributing the content in altered form
       | -- it is the specific intent of their bulk-downloading -- to
       | ingest the content into their LLM to redistribute it as their
       | product.
       | 
       | The question I see for someone sitting in the judge's chair is
       | whether this is fair use, sufficient alteration to constitute a
       | new work, or a derivative work requiring compensation.
        
       | moonlet wrote:
       | If only every copyright lawyer in the world could suddenly band
       | together and descend on them in a horde. This is such a
       | disgusting abuse of book authors, who are usually not the big
       | guys. As a non-author myself, I don't care about the publishers
       | and whatnot but most people who are authors only have written one
       | book and should get the royalties they deserve from their work.
        
       | otterley wrote:
       | Both the headline and the theme of the story are incorrect and
       | misleading. Meta isn't claiming that everything they're doing is
       | lawful. They're claiming that their activities don't run afoul of
       | a particular California state law, CDAFA, and section 1202(b)(1)
       | of the DMCA.
       | 
       | It's very common in litigation for the plaintiff to accuse the
       | defendant of every violation they might be guilty of or liable
       | for ("throwing the book at them"), and for defendants then to
       | systematically try to strip them away.
       | 
       | As far as I know, Meta is not yet claiming their activities were
       | completely lawful.
       | 
       | Here is the actual filing: https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-
       | content/uploads/2025/02/Kadre...
        
         | braiamp wrote:
         | > Meta responded to this complaint with a motion to dismiss. In
         | a supporting reply filed on Tuesday, the company notes that the
         | 'torrenting' allegations, relating to the removal of copyright
         | information and the CDAFA violations, don't hold up.
         | 
         | They are addressing both the second and third counts. The
         | "Direct Copyright Infringement" isn't being addressed by these
         | claims. This is even quoted on the filing you provided:
         | 
         | https://torrentfreak.com/images/seedingprecautions.jpg.webp
        
           | otterley wrote:
           | How does your response conflict with what I said?
        
         | tiahura wrote:
         | Won't named plaintiffs have the burden of proving meta actually
         | seeded blocks containing their works? How could they ever do
         | that?
        
           | otterley wrote:
           | The plaintiffs do have the burden of proof, but there are
           | many ways to Rome. Any evidence they can find, whether it be
           | packet captures, client and server logs, incriminating
           | emails, or even admissions, will be proffered to the court
           | and/or jury.
        
             | tiahura wrote:
             | _many ways to Rome_
             | 
             | Fair enough, but I wouldn't be surprised if none of those
             | methods pan out.
             | 
             | 1) Given the timeline, it seems unlikely that anyone was
             | doing a packet capture.
             | 
             | 2) Why would anyone at META have been paying attention to,
             | or logging, which blocks were being seeded and which
             | weren't? Who would have personal knowledge such that they
             | could admit that transmission didn't seed the declaration
             | of independence 6 million times?
        
               | otterley wrote:
               | Again, they don't have to trace actual data flows to have
               | sufficient evidence to convince a court or jury that Meta
               | is in breach of the law.
               | 
               | Other examples of evidence include an admission from a
               | Meta employee during a deposition that they were
               | instructed to download a bunch of copyrighted material
               | and the undertook the efforts to do so.
               | 
               | Or, perhaps the plaintiffs seized the machines used in
               | the scheme (happens all the time following a TRO and
               | discovery motion) and found whole copies or traces of the
               | copyrighted works on them, or even local client logs that
               | suggest that it was done.
        
           | papercrane wrote:
           | The plaintiffs will, eventually, need to prove that their
           | claim is likely true ("preponderance of the evidence"
           | standard.) Right now they're fighting about expanding
           | discovery to try and uncover more evidence.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | Company emails, internal server logs.
        
             | tiahura wrote:
             | Server logs of what? Transmission doesn't log which blocks
             | it seeded. Does any client?
        
               | JKCalhoun wrote:
               | Router logs? I have no idea. I just suspect that,
               | somewhere in the complicated cabling of Ethernet, there's
               | a device that has been logging packets.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Feels like their defense for some state incursion is an
         | admission of a larger crime. I still don't get it.
         | 
         | I'm not going to murder someone, steal their car, then put out
         | a statement that I was unaware the car had expired tags and I
         | shouldn't be prosecuted for it.
        
           | grayhatter wrote:
           | Is this your first experience/exposure to the us legal
           | system?
           | 
           | Defending yourself from an accusation using a hypothetical
           | admission doesn't actually admit to it. e.g. I didn't murder
           | anyone, and I didn't steal that car, but if even if I did
           | murder them, and steal their car, the car's expired tags
           | wouldn't apply to me because [reason].
           | 
           | If you care about justice, you want to enable every truth to
           | come out, and be decided on. If you prohibit someone from
           | making an argument, because it might imply something that is
           | separate, you limit the the possible outcomes to something
           | strictly less fair. If someone did murder a person them and
           | took their car, they should be prosecuted for that, but just
           | because you did commit crime a, and crime b, doesn't mean you
           | should be convicted of crime c. Even if crime c is the least
           | significant. That's still not just.
        
           | BeetleB wrote:
           | Of course you will if you've been caught and charges are
           | being filed and there's evidence you were in the car.
        
           | gosub100 wrote:
           | A YouTube video I saw talked about the charges faced by the
           | accused killer of the United Healthcare CEO.
           | 
           | Aside from murder , he faced:
           | 
           | - criminal possession of a weapon
           | 
           | - illegal possession of a silencer
           | 
           | - illegal possession of an automatic weapon (it wasn't full
           | auto, but somehow due to the large capacity magazine, NY
           | state considers it an automatic weapon)
           | 
           | So had he used a hammer or a knife, he might be able to get
           | out again because murderers in NYS can be out in as little as
           | 20 years. But all the firearms charges can effectively double
           | his sentence.
        
       | josefritzishere wrote:
       | I guess that might be good for everyone else?
        
       | stalluri wrote:
       | Models absorbed the pirated content. Now Meta is distributing
       | those models. Is that considered distribution?
        
         | WXLCKNO wrote:
         | It really should be.
        
         | noboostforyou wrote:
         | For that argument I believe the question becomes "is the output
         | of a model considered a derivative work of the training data?"
         | 
         | https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ14.pdf
        
           | ninalanyon wrote:
           | What else could it be?
        
             | monocasa wrote:
             | The industry is banking on Author's Guild v. Google to be
             | precedent in such a way that it's functionally
             | transformative enough to be a completely new work.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authors_Guild,_Inc._v._Google
             | ,....
             | 
             | I think they have about a coin flip of a chance that it
             | passes muster in the courts.
        
             | Ajedi32 wrote:
             | An original composition based on a statistical analysis of
             | the training data. Statistical data about a copyrighted
             | work obviously isn't necessarily a derivative of that work.
             | Otherwise Tolkien could sue me for telling you how many
             | times The Lord of the Rings uses the word "the".
        
         | bodiekane wrote:
         | Of course not.
         | 
         | I listened to other people's music and learned some of their
         | songs before writing my own music, that doesn't mean my songs
         | are distribution of theirs.
         | 
         | I read other people's books and short stores and news articles
         | before writing my own, that doesn't mean my writing is
         | distribution of theirs.
        
           | asadotzler wrote:
           | How about if I play your song at just the right speed with
           | just the right EQ and I can get an exact reproduction of some
           | of the songs you claim to have written? Because we can get
           | large excerpts of exact copies of short and long form content
           | as demonstrated clearly by the New York Times research on
           | chatbots and their own content.
        
         | aezart wrote:
         | I don't know what the _legal_ answer will be, but I believe it
         | _should be_ considered distribution. A model is basically a
         | highly lossy and extremely compressed copy of its training
         | data, available as a content-addressable database. To
         | anthropomorphize, the model is _trying_ to perfectly replicate
         | its training set, its brain just isn 't big enough to do so.
        
       | nerdponx wrote:
       | Did they really need a photo of a leech in the article? I get the
       | connection, but it's gross and reminds me of a Taboola/Outbrain
       | chumbox.
        
       | jug wrote:
       | Pirates around the world agree!
        
       | dev1ycan wrote:
       | Just more proof that laws only exist for poor people, if you are
       | the 1% you get away with virtually anything.
        
       | calibas wrote:
       | "It's only illegal if you get caught"
        
       | tiahura wrote:
       | The author of the linked piece identifies as a "reporter,"
       | however it reads like an opinion piece. We should demand better
       | from ALL journalists.
        
       | phillypham wrote:
       | Could some disgruntled employee offer proof of seeding and
       | collect a whistleblower reward?
        
       | A4ET8a8uTh0_v2 wrote:
       | I will admit that I did not have "FB ruling may end up making
       | torrenting legal ( as long as you don't seed )" in my 2025 bingo
       | card.
        
         | bmicraft wrote:
         | Seems like a bad thing, increasing the percentage of non-
         | seeding users will likely kill most torrents.
        
           | A4ET8a8uTh0_v2 wrote:
           | I wasn't making a judgment on whether it is a good or a bad
           | thing. I just did not see it coming. I was expecting lawsuits
           | on AI will get interesting, but I did not expect this.
        
             | bmicraft wrote:
             | Yup, we can agree on that one.
        
       | notepad0x90 wrote:
       | Copyright laws exist to prevent those who are not wealthy from
       | sharing their resources with each other. That's why AI companies
       | and now FB can get away with it, the law wasn't meant for them.
       | 
       | Fundamentally, the ability to share what you own is a right no
       | government has legitimate authority to restrict. Such laws are
       | illegitimate. Governments don't own people, they govern them.
       | Governance is scoped within limits of authority. Even slaves and
       | prisoners can share their food,clothing and other resources with
       | each other, preventing them is not just inhumane but beyond the
       | authority of slave owners and prison wardens. It boils down to
       | this: if you own something, you can give it away for free because
       | ownership implies authority to retain and give away the property.
       | The right to own things can be restricted, but once ownership is
       | allowed, no one has the authority to restrict retention or free
       | exchange of owned resources. Governments can regulate commerce,
       | but free exchange of resources is beyond their authority since it
       | isn't commercial activity. Keep in mind that this is a more
       | crucial and important concept beyond basic liberty and human
       | rights. If you can't own stuff, nothing else matters regarding
       | your relationship with the government. Telling you that you own
       | stuff but then stripping away the meaning of ownership so that
       | you don't really own stuff is a sneaky way of governments
       | exceeding the limits of their authority.
       | 
       | Another sneaky and fraudulent thing is implied acceptance of
       | licensing. Stamping a copyright notice,eula, ToS,etc.. means
       | nothing. if You buy a book with cash, your exchange is with the
       | person who sold it to you and You now own the book. It isn't
       | licensed to you, it is yours to give away for free. The same
       | concept applies to software, video, music,etc.. neither
       | intermediaries, nor original content authors have the authority
       | to enforce a licensing agreement or copyright over the content,
       | unless a license agreement is required at point of sale, and even
       | then the agreement is beyond the two participants. If you agree
       | to a copyright license contract and purchase music, and then you
       | give it away for free, it makes sense to get sued by the copy
       | right owner over violation of that contract. But the person you
       | sold it to has no obligation to honor a contract they did not
       | enter. The government has no right to implicitly force people to
       | enter a license agreement when they receive goods free of charge
       | by someone. only the person who originally agreed to the contract
       | should be held liable.
        
       | ngneer wrote:
       | The gall!
       | 
       | Next they'll say that "just because we downloaded the content
       | does not mean we USED the content, and you have no proof we used
       | the content, so we are not pirates".
        
       | DannyPage wrote:
       | This line of argument sounds exactly what a lot of people tried
       | in the past when they were getting hit by claims from the media
       | companies.
       | 
       | If I were to scrape Meta's information and use it to train AI
       | chat bots, would they say "That's fine, go ahead" because I'm not
       | sharing the raw information in another way?
        
       | foxygen wrote:
       | Copyright laws should not exist. Claiming you "own" a specific
       | sequence of words/pixels is crazy. I hope Meta wins the case.
        
       | tempfile wrote:
       | I am astonished that Meta is even trying this defense. It does
       | not even remotely pass the smell test. Seeding is not remotely
       | relevant, and neither is the fact that torrenting in general is
       | legal. The works are not published with the consent of the
       | rightsholders - LibGen and Z-Library distribute them illegally,
       | and Meta therefore obtained them illegally.
       | 
       | This is an open-and-shut case.
        
       | gosub100 wrote:
       | Using LLMs trained on copyright books should be banned anywhere
       | downloading copyright books is illegal
        
       | cryptonector wrote:
       | Meta can afford to buy copies of the books / whatever it's
       | scraping.
        
       | acc_297 wrote:
       | I was a university student in golden age of libgen so Glass
       | Houses and all - but it's crazy that this was approved from the
       | top of a company that could maybe have even legally purchased the
       | bulk of this collection without hurting quarterly returns
        
       | kmod wrote:
       | I believe that at least in the past the entertainment industry
       | would try to detect someone seeding a file before going after
       | them. The idea being that someone downloading is receiving a copy
       | (not illegal), and the act of making the copy (illegal) was done
       | by the seeder. I'm not sure to what degree this was an
       | established requirement vs them trying to avoid ambiguity, but my
       | point is that this framing by Meta isn't novel. I'm not
       | expressing a judgment on whether it's correct or if it's good.
        
       | harvey9 wrote:
       | I'm picturing some lawyers pulling up at the front of the court
       | building in their clown car - a vehicle with the tight turning
       | circle needed after all these years of hearing lawyers argue
       | piracy is theft.
        
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