[HN Gopher] Microsoft unveils Majorana 1 quantum processor
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Microsoft unveils Majorana 1 quantum processor
        
       Author : eksu
       Score  : 292 points
       Date   : 2025-02-19 16:35 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (azure.microsoft.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (azure.microsoft.com)
        
       | unsupp0rted wrote:
       | > Majoranas hide quantum information, making it more robust, but
       | also harder to measure. The Microsoft team's new measurement
       | approach is so precise it can detect the difference between one
       | billion and one billion and one electrons in a superconducting
       | wire - which tells the computer what state the qubit is in and
       | forms the basis for quantum computation.
        
         | dudus wrote:
         | Being able to detect a single electron among billions sounds
         | more like a good way to get entropy rather than something that
         | can help with quantum measurements. At least that's my initial
         | intuition being completely ignorant in Quantum Computing.
        
           | drpossum wrote:
           | Do you have other things you want to provide that your self-
           | proclaimed ignorance would be helpful with?
        
             | spuz wrote:
             | Lay people are welcome to read about the latest
             | developments in science. They're also welcome to try to
             | intuit theories related to those latest developments. It's
             | a good way to flex your thinking skills. Experts are then
             | welcome to weigh in on those intuitions and steer them
             | along the right path. Even if you're completely wrong,
             | expressing how you think about things is also helpful to
             | others in case they also have similar intuitions.
             | 
             | Your comment could get an award for most toxic HN comment
             | ever and that's saying something.
        
               | drpossum wrote:
               | I mean, I'll it admit the original post ironically did
               | measurably increase the entropy of the thread.
        
           | Mithriil wrote:
           | It doesn't detect a single electron, it detects parity of the
           | number of electrons.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | NYT feature:
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/19/technology/microsoft-quan...
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Nature paper: _Interferometric single-shot parity measurement in
       | InAs-Al hybrid devices_
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08445-2
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Discussion on other official post:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43103623
        
       | kenjackson wrote:
       | I need HN's classic pessimism to know if this is something to be
       | excited about. Please chime in!
        
         | jassyr wrote:
         | Whenever I read about a scientific breakthrough I login to HN
         | to see what the smart people think about it, and am
         | disappointed if there isn't a post with hundreds of comments.
        
           | miztrskinnr wrote:
           | This isn't a forum of smart people. It's a forum of asocial
           | tech workers who write in authoritative prose but are just
           | normal people at home staring blankly at a blue glow of a
           | mental bug zapper
           | 
           | Quantum is just the next form of sampling the electromagnetic
           | field. It'll provide mesmerizing computational properties but
           | not rewrite human DNA or beam our consciousness to another
           | galaxy; it'll fill up RAM and disk really fast with
           | impenetrable amount of data it will take decades to analyze
           | and build real experiments across contexts to verify.
           | Tomorrow will still come and be a lot like yesterday for us.
           | 
           | All in all it's more of the same
           | 
           | Even if it we do beam our minds it's just a copy. These meat
           | suits still gonna stop experiencing someday. Life for us
           | isn't going anywhere.
        
             | dcist wrote:
             | Now THIS is the sort of nihilistic outlook that keeps me
             | coming back for a hit of HN.
        
               | jassyr wrote:
               | It's like some sort of Cunningham's Law Inception.
        
             | oldgradstudent wrote:
             | > It'll provide mesmerizing computational properties
             | 
             | Maybe, one day, or never.
             | 
             | In the mean time, it will generate a lot of hot and humid
             | hype.
        
             | drpossum wrote:
             | You had me up to "normal people"
             | 
             | > but not rewrite human DNA
             | 
             |  _smugly_ but writing DNA is a quantum process
        
             | badlibrarian wrote:
             | > people at home staring blankly at a blue glow of a mental
             | bug zapper
             | 
             | Nonsense. Many of us have installed that glitchy software
             | that makes our screens orange sometimes.
        
         | Analemma_ wrote:
         | I wouldn't trust HN one bit (or one qubit) to comment usefully
         | on this question, but presumably hundreds of people are already
         | bugging Scott Aaronson to blog about it. He'll probably have a
         | post in the next couple days saying whether we have permission
         | to be excited.
        
         | drpossum wrote:
         | Just look at all the hard numbers they provided after you strip
         | away the hype talk.
        
         | bob1029 wrote:
         | > "Every single atom in this chip is placed purposefully. It is
         | constructed from ground up. It is entirely a new state of
         | matter. Think of us as building the picture by painting it atom
         | by atom."
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/wSHmygPQukQ (~7:55)
         | 
         | I don't know if marketing BS could get more hyperbolic than
         | this.
        
           | Mistletoe wrote:
           | AI hype is running out of steam, the stock needs quantum
           | power. MSFT is only up 1.99% for the past 1Y.
        
             | ykonstant wrote:
             | Hear me out, investors: Quantum Intelligence.
        
               | porridgeraisin wrote:
               | You're late to the game: https://quantumai.google/
        
           | crystal_revenge wrote:
           | Right off the bat "can scale to a million qubits" tells you
           | it's BS since it only says what could be possible but makes
           | zero claims about what it current _does_.
           | 
           | I mean my basement can scale to holding thousands of bars of
           | solid gold, but currently houses... 0.
        
         | tmvphil wrote:
         | I work in the field. While all players are selling a dream
         | right now, this announcement is even more farcical. Majoranas
         | are still trying to get to the point where they have even one
         | qubit that could be said to exist and whose performance can be
         | quantified.
         | 
         | The majorana approach (compared with more mature technologies
         | like superconducting circuits or trapped ions) is a long game,
         | where there are theoretical reasons to be optimistic, but where
         | experimental reality is so far behind. It might work in the
         | long run, but we're not there yet.
        
           | hdjjhhvvhga wrote:
           | >> I need HN's classic pessimism to know if this is something
           | to be excited about. Please chime in!
           | 
           | > While all players are selling a dream right now, this
           | announcement is even more farcical.
           | 
           | Thanks a lot, I didn't get disappointed.
        
             | kjellsbells wrote:
             | Another take, to feed your cynicism: MSFT need money to
             | keep investing in this sort of science. By posting
             | announcements like this they hope to become the obvious
             | place for investors interested in quantum to park their
             | money. Stock price goes brrr, MSFT wins.
             | 
             | More cynical still: what exactly has the Strategic Missions
             | and Technologies unit achieved in the last few years?
             | Burned a few billion on Azure for Operators, and sold it
             | off. Got entangled and ultimately lost the JEDI mega deal
             | at the DoD. Was notably _not_ the unit that developed or
             | brought in AI to Microsoft. Doing anything in quantum is
             | good news for whoever leads this division, and they need
             | it.
             | 
             | On the bright side, this is still fundamentally something
             | to be celebrated. Years ago major corporations did basic
             | science research and we are all better off for those folk.
             | With the uncertainty around the future of science funding
             | in the US right now, I at least draw some comfort in the
             | fact that its still happening. My jaded-ness about press
             | releases in no way diminishes my respect for the science
             | that the lab people are publishing.
        
               | benhauer wrote:
               | Does MSFT sell new stock? If not, how does the stock
               | price going up affect their ability to invest?
        
               | tibbar wrote:
               | Even if Microsoft doesn't sell the stock it controls, its
               | existing assets become more valuable when the stock price
               | goes up. There are many ways one could spend those
               | resources if needed: sell it off, borrow against the
               | assets, trade the stock for stock in other companies.
               | 
               | However, since Microsoft has plenty of cash flow already,
               | they can probably afford to just sit on the investment.
        
               | cubefox wrote:
               | > MSFT need money to keep investing in this sort of
               | science
               | 
               | Microsoft is making absurd amounts of money from Azure
               | and Office (Microsoft 365) subscriptions. Any quantum
               | computing investment is a drop in the bucket for this
               | company.
        
             | tempaccount420 wrote:
             | That's all you needed?
        
           | pankajdoharey wrote:
           | So you are saying its official fake news from Redmond ?
        
       | erikig wrote:
       | From a casual observer, it seemed like Microsoft's Majorana
       | approach had hit a wall a few years back when there were
       | retractions by the lead researchers. I wonder what's changed?
       | 
       | https://cacm.acm.org/news/majorana-meltdown-jeopardizes-micr...
        
         | crystal_revenge wrote:
         | > I wonder what's changed?
         | 
         | Maybe I'm too cynical, but I suspect pressure from leadership
         | to package whatever they had in vague language and ambiguous
         | terms to create marketing copy that makes it appear the team is
         | doing amazing work even though in two years we'll still be in
         | roughly the same place we are today wrt quantum computing.
         | 
         | Reading through the announcement I see lots of interesting
         | sounding ideas and claims that don't matter "designed to scale
         | to a million qubits on a single chip" (why does that matter if
         | we're still far, far away from more than a few thousands
         | qubits?) and zero statements about actual capabilities that are
         | novel or ground breaking.
        
           | RajT88 wrote:
           | That chip die sure looks cool though!
        
           | radioactivist wrote:
           | It's worse than that -- this announcement is about _one_
           | qubit, so even a few thousand not necessarily close at hand
           | for this platform (let alone millions).
        
         | breckenedge wrote:
         | The ArsTechnica article discusses that.
         | 
         | > In fact, there was some controversy over the first attempts
         | to do so, with an early paper having been retracted after a
         | reanalysis of its data showed that the evidence was weaker than
         | had initially been presented. A key focus of the new Nature
         | paper is providing more evidence that Majorana zero modes
         | really exist in this system.
         | 
         | https://arstechnica.com/science/2025/02/microsoft-builds-its...
        
       | ckbishop wrote:
       | RSA in trouble when?
        
         | m3kw9 wrote:
         | 1 qubit prototype can crack RSA? 1million scaled out qubits is
         | still talk
        
           | AlanYx wrote:
           | Not even 1 qubit, just "substantial progress towards the
           | realization of a topological qubit" (from the accompanying
           | Nature paper).
        
         | r33b33 wrote:
         | Please someone give input on this. It's extremely important and
         | worrying.
        
       | eamag wrote:
       | What do they mean by
       | 
       | >can create an entirely new state of matter - not a solid, liquid
       | or gas but a topological state
        
         | sukhavati wrote:
         | through geometry and configuration of materials, you can create
         | quantum effects on a macroscopic scale
        
         | abdullahkhalids wrote:
         | Matter refers to particles or collection of particles that have
         | mass+volume. These particles can be arranged or behave in
         | different ways, and that is roughly what a "state of matter"
         | is. You know how in solid all the atoms are fixed, but in a gas
         | atoms/molecules are flying about.
         | 
         | There are in fact other forms of matter. In plasma you just
         | have ions (instead of atoms/molecules) just zipping about. In
         | neutron stars, you have pretty much only neutrons collapsed
         | into a packed ball.
         | 
         | You can also make systems at higher levels of abstraction that
         | have some of this matter or particle like behavior. A simple
         | example is "phonons", which are a small packet of vibration (of
         | atoms) that travels inside a solid much like a photon travels
         | through space. I think phonons don't have a "mass", so they are
         | not matter.
         | 
         | Here, they construct a quantum system, some of whose degrees of
         | freedom behave like a matter particle. Qubits are then made
         | from the states of this particle.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_order.
        
         | radioactivist wrote:
         | For reference topological phases of matter have been observed
         | in other contexts since the mid-1980s. So "entirely new" here
         | is misleading.
        
         | tartuffe78 wrote:
         | We are approaching a full "post truth" society, nothing will be
         | sacred.
        
       | paulirwin wrote:
       | Can someone check my understanding: does this mean they have
       | eight _logical_ qubits on the chip? It appears that way from the
       | graphic where it zooms into each logical qubit, although it only
       | shows two there.
       | 
       | If that is true, it sounds like having a plan to scale to
       | millions of _logical_ qubits on a chip is even more impressive.
        
         | fsh wrote:
         | They have never demonstrated even a single physical qubit.
         | 
         | Microsoft has claimed for a while to have observed some
         | signatures of quantized Majorana conductance which might
         | potentially allow building a qubit in the future. However,
         | other researches in the field have strongly criticized their
         | analysis, and the field is full of retracted papers and
         | allegations of scientific misconduct.
        
           | ABS wrote:
           | this is from 2 days ago:
           | 
           | Roadmap to fault tolerant quantum computation using
           | topological qubit arrays https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.12252
        
             | dwnw wrote:
             | it is amazing at what passes for an academic paper these
             | days
        
         | tmvphil wrote:
         | They have no qubits at all, "logical" or not. yet. They plan to
         | make millions. It is substantially easier to release a plan for
         | millions of qubits than it is to make even one.
        
       | DarmokJalad1701 wrote:
       | My first scan parsed that as "Marijuana 1 quantum processor".
       | Very high performance ...
        
         | lo_zamoyski wrote:
         | > Very high performance ...
         | 
         | From the user's perspective, of course.
        
         | jonbell wrote:
         | For me it was more than my first scan. I understand the word is
         | Majorana, but when I go to pronounce it or read it, my brain
         | reports back "Major-auwana."
         | 
         | The people who signed off on this name a) do a lot of drugs or
         | b) didn't notice because they have never come anywhere near
         | weed
        
         | oynqr wrote:
         | I read "Majorana 1 aquarium processor". I am not high.
        
         | outside2344 wrote:
         | Might be a more truthful name honestly too
        
         | 2dvisio wrote:
         | This is the reason why is called like that. Is pronounced Ma-y-
         | orana
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ettore_Majorana
        
           | tclancy wrote:
           | >likely dying in or after 1959
           | 
           | That is how I would like my obit to read as well.
        
         | 65 wrote:
         | Hah, I read it as "Manjaro" at first glance.
        
       | rdtsc wrote:
       | > Microsoft's topological qubit architecture has aluminum
       | nanowires joined together to form an H. Each H has four
       | controllable Majoranas and makes one qubit. These Hs can be
       | connected, too, and laid out across the chip like so many tiles.
       | 
       | So they are not all in a superposition with each other? They talk
       | about a million of these nanowires but that looks a bit like
       | quantum dots?
        
       | hulitu wrote:
       | > Microsoft unveils Majorana 1 quantum processor
       | 
       | What is Win 11 boot time on this processor ? Will it be supported
       | in the next version of Windows ? /s
        
       | cgcrob wrote:
       | Are these actually even useful yet? Genuine question. I never
       | managed to solicit and answer, only long explanations which
       | seemed to have an answer of yes and no at the same time depending
       | on who you observe.
        
         | fooker wrote:
         | No.
         | 
         | The long explanations boil down to this: quantum computers (
         | _so far_ ) are better ( _given a million qubits_ ) than
         | classical computers at ( _problems that are in disguise_ )
         | simulating quantum computers.
        
           | singularity2001 wrote:
           | given a million qubits ...
           | 
           | also last time I checked the record was 80 qubits and with
           | every doubling of the cubits the complexity of the system and
           | the impurities and the noise are increasing. so it's even
           | questionable whether there will ever be useful quantum
           | computers
        
             | Agentus wrote:
             | i vaguely remember reading an article about solving the
             | correlation between quantum decoherence and scaling of
             | qubit numbers. i dont understand quantum computers so take
             | it with a grain of salt.
             | 
             | but here's what perplexity says: "Exponential Error
             | Reduction: Willow demonstrates a scalable quantum error
             | correction method, achieving an exponential reduction in
             | error rates as the number of qubits increases125. This is
             | crucial because qubits are prone to errors due to their
             | sensitivity to environmental factors25. "
        
             | ABS wrote:
             | Microsoft Research entire point is that their approach will
             | allow                 "fault-tolerant quantum computing
             | architecture based on noise-resilient, topologically
             | protected Majorana-based qubits."
             | 
             | Roadmap to fault tolerant quantum computation using
             | topological qubit arrays https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.12252
        
               | patates wrote:
               | Usually when people try to explain something about
               | quantum computers, it feels like someone is trying to
               | teach me what a monad is from the infamous example in
               | some old haskell docs.
               | 
               | I'm not proud of my ignorance, and I sure hope that
               | eventually if I get it, it'd be very useful for me. At
               | least it worked like that for monads.
        
               | pas wrote:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8yHOrloxRA Bela Bauer
               | (MS Research) - Fault Tolerant Quantum Computation using
               | Majorana-Based Topological Qubits
               | 
               | (note, I have no idea how the braiding happens, or what
               | it means, or ... the rest of the fucking owl, but ... the
               | part about the local indistinguishability is an important
               | part of the puzzle, and why it helps against noise ...
               | also have no idea what's the G-factor, but ... also have
               | no idea what the s-wave/p-wave superconductors are, but
               | ... https://www.reddit.com/r/AskPhysics/comments/11opcy1/
               | comment... ... also ... _phew_ )
        
             | pankajdoharey wrote:
             | Based on what i read it seems a lot of algorithmic work is
             | required to even make them useful. New algorithms have to
             | be discovered and still they will only solve only a special
             | class of problems. They cant do classical computing so your
             | NVIDIA GPU probably may never be replaced by a Quantum GPU.
        
               | Mithriil wrote:
               | Quantum computing is a generalization of classical
               | computing. Thus, they CAN do classical computing. But, in
               | practice, it'll be not as fast, more error prone and at a
               | bigger cost.
        
               | kalastor wrote:
               | I wouldn't worry too much about finding new algorithms.
               | The sheer power of QC parallelism will attract enough
               | talent to convert any useful classical algorithm to QC.
               | 
               | It's a bit similar to the invention of fast Fourier
               | transform (was reinvented several times...), O(n log n)
               | is so much better than O(n*2) that many problems in
               | science and technology use FFT somewhere in their
               | pipeline, just because it's so powerful, even if
               | unrelated to signal processing. For example,
               | multiplication of very large numbers use FFT (?!).
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | Hopefully not, besides quantum physics simulations the only
             | problems they solve are the ones that should remain
             | unsolved if we're to trust the integrity of existing
             | systems.
             | 
             | As soon as the first practical quantum computer is made
             | available, so much recorded TLS encrypted data is gonna get
             | turned into plain text, probably destroying millions of
             | people's lives. I hope everyone working in quantum research
             | is aware of what their work is leading towards, they're not
             | much better than arms manufacturers working on the next
             | nuke.
        
             | ernesth wrote:
             | > last time I checked the record was 80 qubits
             | 
             | It has progressed since: IBM Condor (demonstrated in
             | december 2023) has 1121 qubits.
        
               | dwnw wrote:
               | which is totally out of touch with the reality of making
               | use of the extra qubits they just slapped on the chip to
               | get a high number
        
           | pinoy420 wrote:
           | Just like fusion energy it is pointless and you are not
           | allowed to have excitement about it because some anonymous
           | stranger on HN said so.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43093939#43094339
        
             | nobankai wrote:
             | You're certainly allowed to get excited about it as long as
             | you're patient and don't wildly overinflate the realistic
             | timeline to net energy production. Similarly, nobody will
             | stop you from hyping up quantum computation as long as
             | you're not bullshitting usecases or lying about qubit
             | scaling.
             | 
             | In the wake of cryptocurrency and AI failing to live up to
             | their outrageous levels of hype, many people on this site
             | worry that the "feel the AGI" crowd might accidentally
             | start feeling some other, seemingly-profitable vaporware to
             | overhype and pump.
        
         | stanski wrote:
         | Only if you use them in conjunction with an HTML5
         | supercomputer. (Sorry, I couldn't resist with Nikola in the
         | news again)
        
         | xxs wrote:
         | yes, they are useful... as marketing materials. Other than
         | that, not at all.
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | They can fundamentally break most asymmetric encryption, which
         | is a good thing iff you want to do things that require forging
         | signatures. Things like jailbreaks Apple can't patch,
         | decryption tools that can break all E2E encryption, being able
         | to easily steal your neighbor's Facebook login at the coffee
         | shop...
         | 
         | Come to think of it, maybe we shouldn't invent quantum
         | computers[0].
         | 
         | [0] Yes, even with the upside of permanently jailbreakable
         | iPhones.
        
       | Mithriil wrote:
       | How the H devices (which they call tetrons) form a qubit is
       | explained more thoroughly in their ArXiv article:
       | https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.12252
        
       | perching_aix wrote:
       | Sounds exciting, even though I'm skeptical how far off into the
       | future that supposed 1 million qubit chip is.
        
       | light_triad wrote:
       | Beyond the marketing value of these types of announcements, how
       | much time until consumer grade quantum cloud computing? Years,
       | decades?
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | My hunch is somewhere between "decades" and "never".
        
       | layer8 wrote:
       | Nature article: https://archive.ph/SM8NQ
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | This is why I'm more excited about Microsoft than Apple.
        
         | geodel wrote:
         | Agree. Why would I buy Apple M4 macbook when I can have
         | Majorana 1 running Windows 11 and install MS Teams to be extra
         | productive.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Well it is not available yet, but Microsoft has industrial
           | strength productivity tools (as opposed to Apple's "consumer"
           | electronics), and a stellar research department.
        
           | adultSwim wrote:
           | They rewrote Teams and it's good now.
        
       | modeless wrote:
       | How many qubits on this? One?
        
         | adultSwim wrote:
         | Best I can tell is the chip has 8
        
       | radioactivist wrote:
       | Whoever decided to make up the non-existent term "topoconductor"
       | for the purposes of this article deserves to feel shame and
       | embarassment (I say this as a condensed matter physicist).
        
         | 12_throw_away wrote:
         | Come for the made-up jargon, stay for the horrific PR abuse of
         | the English language like "Unlocking quantum's promise"
        
         | pm90 wrote:
         | Genuinely curious: in what ways is that not a good term? Is it
         | because its not a new thing, just marketing? Or is it
         | conflating with some other physics things?
        
           | radioactivist wrote:
           | The ideas that underpin their device have been around for
           | some time and aren't called by that name in the literature --
           | it appears to be entirely a branding exercise. A clear signal
           | to me they don't seriously think it is a good name is that
           | don't use the name outside this article (it appears nowhere
           | in their Nature paper or anywhere else for that matter).
        
             | pinoy420 wrote:
             | So what is it called then
        
               | radioactivist wrote:
               | It's a topological superconductor.
        
         | Panoramix wrote:
         | I skimmed through the paper but nowhere did I find a
         | demonstration of a Majorana qubit or a zero mode. The
         | achievement was that they demonstrated a single-shot
         | measurement. That's nice, but where's the qubit? what did I
         | miss?
        
           | radioactivist wrote:
           | If you read the referee reports of the Nature paper (they are
           | published alongside it) you'll see some referees echoing
           | similar points.
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | Reading the PR release that accompanies a scientific paper
             | is a _negative_ information activity. Anything meaningful
             | that can actually be supported by the science done is
             | _already in the paper_ and if you can understand the paper,
             | it will be self evident how you should feel about it.
             | 
             | Any sentence in the press release that isn't VERBATIM in
             | the paper should be viewed as marketing, and unsupported by
             | the science, and there is zero incentive NOT to lie in the
             | PR, especially since the ones writing it are rarely even
             | knowledgeable in the subject matter.
        
       | xxs wrote:
       | I'd believe a word they say if it can factor 33.
        
       | alliao wrote:
       | I just want to acknowledge the general lucidity of this
       | community, also finding out I am not insane is bit of a bonus.
       | love this community, please don't change
        
       | radioactivist wrote:
       | A few things to keep in mind, given how hard of a media push this
       | is being given (which should immediately set off alarm bells in
       | your head that this might be bullshit)
       | 
       | - Topological phases of matter (similar, but not identical to the
       | one discussed here) have been known for decades and were first
       | observed experimentally in the 1980s.
       | 
       | - Creating Majorana quasiparticles has a long history of false
       | starts and retracted claims (discovery of Majoranas in related
       | systems was announced in 2012 and 2018 and both were since
       | retracted).
       | 
       | - The quoted Nature paper is about measurements on _one_ qubit.
       | One. Not 100, not 1000, a single qubit.
       | 
       | - Unless they think they can scale this up really quickly it
       | seems like its a very long (or perhaps non-existent) road to 10^6
       | qubits.
       | 
       | - If they could scale it up so quickly, it would have been way
       | more convincing to wait a bit (0-2 years) and show a 100 or 1000
       | qubit machine that would be comparable to efforts from Google,
       | IBM, etc (which have their own problems).
        
         | EvgeniyZh wrote:
         | The claim/hope is that topological qubits are fault tolerant or
         | at least suffer from much lower errors (very roughly you can
         | think of topological qubits as an error correction code built
         | of the atoms, ie on scale of Avogadro's number). If, for
         | example they could build a single qubit even with 10^-6 error
         | rates that would in fact put them __ahead__ of all other
         | attempts at the path to fault tolerance (but no NISQ).
         | 
         | It is unfortunately unclear how good the topological qubits
         | practically are.
        
           | radioactivist wrote:
           | I understand the claim and what they are trying to do (and
           | they've been trying to do it for 20 years now). It's an
           | interesting approach and it is orthogonal enough from other
           | efforts that it is absolutely worthwhile to pursue
           | scientifically (I'm in an adjacent field in condensed matter
           | physics).
           | 
           | But they are doing a full court press in the media
           | (professionally produced talking head videos, NYT
           | articles/other media, etc, etc) claiming all of those things
           | you've just said are right around the corner. And that's
           | going to confuse and mislead the public. So there needs to
           | push back on what I think is clear bullshit/spin by a company
           | trying to sell itself using this development.
        
       | cab404 wrote:
       | no shor no upvote
        
         | halosghost wrote:
         | Agreed wholesale. Any QC announcement that does not include
         | replicable benchmarks for progress executing Shor or Grover (or
         | demonstration of another real-world use-case that they actually
         | address) should be dismissed out-of-hand by _everyone_ except
         | other researchers in QC.
         | 
         | All the best,
        
       | dev1ycan wrote:
       | Microsoft really is a pathetic company rnd wise compared to what
       | companies of similar size like Bell Labs were at their prime
        
         | cbracketdash wrote:
         | To be fair, MSFT was not started as a research company and is
         | more of a mass market commercializer of existing technology.
         | Bell Labs' primary goal was to _discover_ new science and
         | invent practical applications. (Reminds me I should go read
         | "The Idea Factory"! (story of bell labs))
         | 
         | IMO new breakthroughs in our understanding of physics would be
         | needed first to make substantial progress in QC. As long as
         | MSFT isn't investing in attosecond lasers or low temperature
         | experiments, RSA will remain secure.
        
         | t-3 wrote:
         | Can _any_ modern company be said to be of similar size to Bell
         | Labs in it 's prime? Bell Labs were only possible due to a
         | monopoly supplying massive amounts of funding for about a
         | century. MS had a few decades of domination in the consumer
         | desktop OS space, but they always had competition and I would
         | be very surprised if they had the kind of revenue streams that
         | make this type of long-term investment possible - regular
         | payments from nearly every household and business in the
         | country, with easy ability to make predictions about current
         | and future proceeds just by counting heads.
        
       | FrustratedMonky wrote:
       | Short Term - This might be hype. Sure. Getting some Buzz.
       | 
       | Long Term - MS seems pretty committed and serious. Putting in the
       | time/money for a long term vision. Maybe a decade from now, we'll
       | be bowing down to an all powerful MS God/Oracle/AI.
        
       | ein0p wrote:
       | Nadella is currently claiming on X that this opens up a "direct
       | path to 1 million qubits". Based on my priors, I put the
       | probability of this statement being horseshit at 99.9%. Could
       | someone knowledgeable make it 100%?
        
       | EvgeniyZh wrote:
       | I'm doing theorical research in the topological quantum
       | computing.
       | 
       | The idea behind topological quantum computing is to utilize
       | quantum materials whose low-energy physics looks like an error
       | correcting code. Since these systems are very large (macroscopic
       | number of atoms), the error rates are (theoretically) very low,
       | ie the qubit is fault tolerant by construction, without any
       | additional error correction. In reality, we do not know how good
       | these qubits will be at finite temperature, with real life noise,
       | etc.
       | 
       | Moreover, these states do not just occur in nature by themselves,
       | so their construction requires engineering, and this is what
       | Microsoft tries to do.
       | 
       | Unfortunately, Majoranas in nanowires have some history of
       | exaggerated claims and data manipulation. Sergey Frolov's [1]
       | twitter, one of the people behind original Majorana zero bias
       | peaks paper, was my go-to source for that, but it looks like he
       | deleted it.
       | 
       | There were also some concerns about previous Microsoft paper
       | [2,3] as well as the unusual decision to publish it without the
       | details to reproduce it [4].
       | 
       | In my opinion, Microsoft does solid science, it's just the
       | problem they're trying to solve is very hard and there are many
       | ways in which the results can be misleading. I also think it is
       | likely that they are making progress on Majoranas, but I would be
       | surprised if they will be able to show quantum memory/single
       | qubit gates soon.
       | 
       | [1] https://spinespresso.substack.com/p/has-there-been-enough-
       | re...
       | 
       | [2] https://x.com/PhysicsHenry/status/1670184166674112514
       | 
       | [3] https://x.com/PhysicsHenry/status/1892268229139042336
       | 
       | [4]
       | https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.107.2...
        
         | klysm wrote:
         | I know nothing about quantum computing, but constructing a
         | physical system that resembles error correcting codes sounds
         | absolutely fascinating.
        
       | r33b33 wrote:
       | So when does this break crypto and Bitcoin and how to best
       | prepare for this?
       | 
       | Is there any way to secure at all?
        
         | atlanta90210 wrote:
         | Great question are people predicting we will have enough
         | computing power to "break" bitcoin? How much is needed?
        
           | richwater wrote:
           | You just need enough to poison the blockchain
        
             | r33b33 wrote:
             | So how to prepare, when?
        
         | einpoklum wrote:
         | They can break 1-bit-coin. How's that for ya?
        
       | r33b33 wrote:
       | Why isn't crypto crashing?
        
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