[HN Gopher] Try thinking and learning without working memory (2008)
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       Try thinking and learning without working memory (2008)
        
       Author : yamrzou
       Score  : 89 points
       Date   : 2025-02-18 17:21 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (sharpbrains.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (sharpbrains.com)
        
       | LinuxAmbulance wrote:
       | ADHD makes a mockery of working memory. The number of times I'll
       | have to go back to see what the the fourth, fifth and sixth digit
       | of a six digit sequence were is truly frustrating.
       | 
       | The article indicates that working memory can be improved though,
       | going to have to give that a try.
        
         | cbsmith wrote:
         | > ADHD makes a mockery of working memory.
         | 
         | Honestly, I don't find I have much of a problem with working
         | memory. Sure, my ability to recall a meaningless number several
         | minutes later is absolutely terrible, but a handling an
         | analysis or conversation about a complicated subject (complex
         | is a different matter that relies on raw intelligence more than
         | working memory) with lots of important detail seems to be
         | easier for me, to the point where other people tap out with
         | "information overload" when I'm moving along just fine.
         | 
         | Of course, _executing_ a complicated process is a whole
         | different matter, because the ADHD brain quickly loses interest
         | and focuses on something else.
        
           | luckydata wrote:
           | Well you're not just noticing the problem or you don't have
           | ADHD because the working memory impairment is well documented
           | and it's essentially THE symptom of ADHD.
           | 
           | What you say about being more easily distracted is a side
           | effect of impaired working memory for example.
        
             | genewitch wrote:
             | ADD is the lack of serotonin in the frontal lobe. The best
             | way I've heard it described: there is no motivation except
             | to not die. In the worst parts of the disorder, even that
             | isn't motivating.
             | 
             | I know it is over-diagnosed because high school and college
             | kids want to to tweak legally. But it makes it harder for
             | those of us that actually suffer with ADD
        
               | AppleBananaPie wrote:
               | I thought dopamine was the main focus
        
               | hirvi74 wrote:
               | Both chemical explanations are highly oversimplified, and
               | to my knowledge, are still completely hypothetical.
        
               | TransAtlToonz wrote:
               | Why does ADHD take dopamine-oriented medication rather
               | than serotonin meds? Does serotonin play a strong role in
               | "motivation"?
        
             | thomastjeffery wrote:
             | It's more complicated than that.
             | 
             | For me, executive disfunction is the most significant
             | issue; and that compounds the problem of limited working
             | memory by wasting it on irrelevant stimulus.
        
           | annie_muss wrote:
           | I took a properly administered IQ test as part of my ADHD
           | diagnosis. It was eye opening.
           | 
           | All through the test I felt like I was crushing it. Spacial
           | reasoning, pattern recognition, memory tasks. When the
           | results came back I got 135 on spatial reasoning but 89 on
           | processing speed and working memory.
           | 
           | Looking back on my life I realize I had always made up for
           | limited working memory with systems, mnemonics and other
           | techniques. When you've lived your whole life with a
           | limitation you can have a huge blind spot. You've never known
           | what it's like to have "normal" working memory.
        
       | yoyohello13 wrote:
       | I actually think this is a danger with leaning more heavily on AI
       | tools. What happens as you offload more of your thinking outside
       | of your brain?
        
         | bloomingkales wrote:
         | You open up other spaces. Society mostly distracts you with
         | busy work. It's really psychotic to have someone do anything
         | for 8 hours a day.
         | 
         | Think of it like this. You have other rooms in your house that
         | you don't know what to do with. You might know how to decorate
         | your first room, maybe even your second, but by the time you
         | are lucky enough to have the fifth room, you won't really know
         | what to fill it with.
         | 
         | Luxury. It takes some imagination to fill it.
        
         | pyinstallwoes wrote:
         | Ever hear of the curse of Thoth in relation to Plato on the
         | merit of writing?
        
           | yoyohello13 wrote:
           | I mean yeah, it gets brought up every time this topic is
           | discussed. I'm not going to try to argue Plato was totally
           | right, but I do think there is some merit to the argument.
           | 
           | At least in my experience, the more stuff I can keep my
           | working memory, the better I can solve problems. Contrast to
           | popular opinion, I actually think memorization is a great
           | learning strategy.
        
       | theultdev wrote:
       | Constantly ctrl-z just to see what I was doing a second ago.
       | 
       | ADHD is a blessing and a curse. I can hold every line of the
       | codebase in my head but I can't remember what I was just doing...
       | 
       | You figure out how to work without working memory. Just offload
       | it all immediately.
        
         | pyinstallwoes wrote:
         | Treat reality as working memory substrate
        
       | Glyptodon wrote:
       | Working memory is waaaay more critical than you might think to
       | all levels of functionality. There are many basic tasks, like
       | walking to another room to get something and noticing something
       | minor, like a pen on a table that should be put away, and doing
       | both tasks, that depend on working memory. The same with mentaly
       | reasoning through a complex system. The reason abstractions are
       | so valuable is that they allow for compression of something into
       | working memory.
       | 
       | For me, personally, this is why I often approach things by
       | scaffolding them into relationships with existing structures
       | (mentally) - by integrating with an existing structure, I avoid a
       | sort of fragmentation overload in my working memory.
       | 
       | Anyway, I think it's one of those things you don't really notice
       | until it goes bad somehow.
        
         | yamrzou wrote:
         | > Anyway, I think it's one of those things you don't really
         | notice until it goes bad somehow.
         | 
         | So true!
        
         | xyzzy123 wrote:
         | Multiple small kids are incredibly disruptive to this. Just, a
         | continuous "happening", constant out-of-context asks and
         | "situations". 5 different things can happen between noticing or
         | thinking of a task and being able to do anything about it. God
         | help you if you have to go from one room to another because
         | that in itself requires explanations (the best case is they
         | quietly follow you to find out whats going on).
         | 
         | There are long stretches of my day where functionally, I have
         | no free working memory at all. The main way I stay barely
         | functional is by keeping memory "in the state of the world".
         | The way I remember I promised to fix the tap today is by
         | placing the tool kit prominently next to the tap, etc. As a
         | last resort I try to write things down.
        
         | diob wrote:
         | Working memory being terrible is one of the biggest issues I
         | experience with my ADHD.
         | 
         | I forgot why I went somewhere, or worse I do something
         | different upon arrival.
        
       | wduquette wrote:
       | Regarding unconscious thinking: I've known for many years that if
       | I'm trying to implement something and what I'm doing just _feels_
       | wrong and I 'm not sure why, it's time to stop and come back
       | first thing in the morning. Sleeping on it engages my back-brain;
       | and invariably the next morning everything makes sense, sometimes
       | immediately, and sometimes with just a small amount of work.
       | 
       | Mind you, the solution I have in mind when I wake isn't
       | necessarily the _right_ one; but I get to the right one pretty
       | quickly.
        
         | ggambetta wrote:
         | I get this even on a shorter timescale with compiler errors. So
         | many times I have a near-subconscious feeling that _something
         | 's wrong_ with the code, and as soon as I run or compile it,
         | there it is, a syntax error. I've been trying to train myself
         | to pay more attention to these gut feelings, so I can act on
         | them before the compiler gets to it.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Time, doorways, and ritualized actions like sweeping, brushing
         | your teeth, washing your hair, or walking tend to trigger those
         | connections. Even going for a walk might set you right.
         | 
         | That's usually when I would go for coffee when I worked in an
         | office.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | I fell into this trap for a while:
       | 
       | > "The growing trend, especially among young people, to multi-
       | task may seem wonderful. But actually, multi-tasking is most
       | likely to interfere with focused attention and, in turn, degrade
       | memory formation, recall, and thinking quality."
       | 
       | Eventually I realized that parallelization is not really
       | possible, you end up making a mess of everything, and trying to
       | be a rapid context-switcher - similar to the illusion of
       | simultaneous multitasking on a single CPU core - just takes too
       | much energy and time - 15-30 min to unload, clear the slate and
       | reload with something else seems common.
       | 
       | Practically, this is why people working on difficult problems
       | that require their full attention get really irritated by
       | interruptions, and often prefer to work in isolation or only with
       | like-minded individuals.+
        
         | poincaredisk wrote:
         | I love multitasking - I feel like I'm doing more than 100% and
         | I like being productive.
         | 
         | The trick is to pick a combinations that works:
         | 
         | * listening to a language lesson when cycling (learning+sport)
         | 
         | * repeating flash cards in a bus, instead of doomscrolling
         | (commute+learning)
         | 
         | * listening to a language lesson when cycling to work
         | (learning+sport+commute - whoa!)
         | 
         | * thinking about my programming project when cleaning my home
         | (work+brainless menial work)
         | 
         | In most cases this involves something that doesn't require to
         | much too much conscious attention and something that does.
        
           | AppleBananaPie wrote:
           | I'm what you described 100%. I wonder if there's a different
           | type of multitasking term that describes this because I swear
           | it's a thing
           | 
           | Multitasking two coding problems at once completely doesn't
           | work for me but what you described works and I do that all
           | the time.
           | 
           | There seems to be a language disconnect for the type of
           | multitasking that works vs. doesn't work.
        
       | joeyagreco wrote:
       | > see http://thankyoubrain.com
       | 
       | oh... oh god
        
         | wasabi991011 wrote:
         | For others: it is supposed to be a website promoting the
         | article author's book, but since it is from (2008), the link is
         | now to an Indonesian slots website.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | The referencesd book is " _Thank You Brain, for All You
         | Remember: What You Forgot Was My Fault_ " by William Robert
         | Klemm, Benecton Press, 2004, ISBN 0975522507.
        
       | michaelcampbell wrote:
       | Gwern has a lot of research and meta-research about this (if
       | memory serves, hah), and in general I seem to recall that doing
       | brain games like dual-n-back makes you better at brain games like
       | dual-n-back.
       | 
       | Which is perhaps not without merit, but...
        
         | TrainedMonkey wrote:
         | Concur seeing same research, a thought in the back of my head -
         | does learning one of these games makes you faster at learning
         | other games? Does that translate at learning faster in areas
         | that would use similar recall patterns. There is some research
         | that when you learn N>5 languages
         | (https://news.mit.edu/2024/mit-study-polyglots-brain-
         | processi...) the brain layout changes. What happens when you
         | practice / master >X memory recall games.
        
         | yamrzou wrote:
         | Link to Gwern's article: _Dual n-Back FAQ_ -
         | https://gwern.net/dnb-faq
        
       | WaitWaitWha wrote:
       | > We know that the subconscious mind is processing information
       | (i.e. "thinking") all the time, even while we sleep. The evidence
       | for this kind of "sleep learning" is incontrovertible and
       | summarized in my memory improvement book...
       | 
       | No. Just the opposite. A quick search shows majority of the
       | scholarly papers question "sleep learning". Maybe 16 years of new
       | data?
       | 
       | e.g.,
       | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2869....
       | 
       | and, as @joeyagreco noted the link is (might as well be) dead.
        
       | onnnon wrote:
       | Reminds me of the "Hammock Driven Development" talk from Rich
       | Hickey:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f84n5oFoZBc&t=1270s
        
       | dgan wrote:
       | I have found that setting to myself a limited, 30 or 40min
       | window, where i am not allowing myself to do anything else but
       | the task I have to do, is actually a sensible way to trick the
       | brain to work on things. Then i swith context. Like coding for
       | 30min,then filling a visa application
        
       | rickcarlino wrote:
       | Being a caretaker for someone with Alzheimer's has been a real
       | eye opener to how critical working memory is. I think a large
       | portion of our personal success in life is contingent on our
       | working memory or the ability to manage it effectively.
        
       | lll-o-lll wrote:
       | Can working memory actually be improved as this article suggests?
       | Links to apps to change my life please.
        
         | yamrzou wrote:
         | See: https://gwern.net/dnb-faq#n-back-improves-working-memory
         | and https://brainscale.net/
        
         | eschneider wrote:
         | Absolutely. I find having a notebook open when
         | writing/debugging code is a godsend. Just keeping a scratchpad
         | of design notes/ideas/tests while I work let's me keep a lot
         | more in my head. Think of it as increasing your level 1 cache.
         | :)
        
       | OracB7 wrote:
       | Every time I have googled for it, the only method of working
       | memory training that comes up is N-Back.
       | 
       | So I'm happy that the article mentions another method. Apart from
       | playing "Simon" (yes that circular game with lights), those are
       | the only two I know.
       | 
       | Anyone know of any other methods?
        
         | SpaceManNabs wrote:
         | I am a bit confused by this approach.
         | 
         | From what I've read, the training isn't necessarily
         | transferable. You just get better at these sorts of brain
         | games, which doesn't necessarily mean your working memory is
         | increasing.
         | 
         | Even while reading gwern's blog that seemed pretty positive of
         | this kind of training, there was limited evidence that you
         | shouldn't learn just a new instrument or language or new sort
         | of math discipline.
         | 
         | Why do people keep thinking that "training" can improve working
         | memory?
        
           | xyzzy123 wrote:
           | I agree that if you want to get better at specific things you
           | should just do those things.
           | 
           | Usually when you "learn" something you improve your
           | understanding of the domain, you start chunking things up
           | into patterns and structures. This reduces your mental load
           | and lets you use your "working memory" more effectively.
           | 
           | I think the intuition with say, "n-back" is that there's
           | supposed to be no structure beyond the memory task, so any
           | increase in performance _must_ be an improvement in some sort
           | of generalised "working memory".
           | 
           | As I understand it people have shown that there is
           | "transferance" between these various types of working-memory
           | based brain games (i.e, getting good at one can improve your
           | performance on others that you haven't done before). But no
           | one has shown that getting good at (say) dual n-back produces
           | a strong improvement in "real tasks" that aren't just memory
           | games.
        
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