[HN Gopher] Did missing/corrupt dates in COBOL default to 1875-0...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Did missing/corrupt dates in COBOL default to 1875-05-20?
        
       Author : SeenNotHeard
       Score  : 251 points
       Date   : 2025-02-16 23:56 UTC (23 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (retrocomputing.stackexchange.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (retrocomputing.stackexchange.com)
        
       | blindriver wrote:
       | I keep getting gobsmacked by how much misinformation and straight
       | up lies there are on the internet these days. And what's worse is
       | that I keep falling for it like everyone else, even though I
       | pride myself on being so skeptical about everything. I remember
       | reading that last week and thinking "oh, interesting" and now I'm
       | angry at myself for not questioning that more, especially since I
       | worked at a bank.
       | 
       | With so much manipulated information, AI-generated content, and
       | straight up lying, I really can't tell what's real and fake
       | anymore.
       | 
       | I distinctly remember finally not being able to tell the
       | difference between fake and real info during the Allen Texas
       | shopping mall shooting. I went on Twitter to get more info and I
       | couldn't tell what was real and what was fake for the first time
       | because everything was so convincing. That feels like ages ago
       | now because things are so much more sophisticated.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | In the attention economy, what you're saying being true has no
         | relation to you getting paid (and reality is often more
         | boring).
         | 
         | This is what you get for wanting everything to be "free as in
         | beer" and "free as in speech" at the same time in a market
         | economy. Systems optimized to profit from free information have
         | reached great efficiency.
        
         | geetee wrote:
         | It's exhausting. Each side of every argument is full of
         | misinformation, intentionally or not.
        
           | drawkward wrote:
           | >Each side of every argument is full of misinformation,
           | intentionally or not.
           | 
           | This is just silly information, and is used to sow
           | resignation and demean actual and valid arguments.
           | 
           | There are plenty of arguments and forums where misinformation
           | is treated disdainfully, as it should be. HN _used_ to be one
           | of them, but everything anti trump and musk seems to get
           | brigaded, rather than debated.
           | 
           | I will point out that it is predominantly one side in
           | American politics using misinformation as a weapon. Its the
           | side that brought us "teach the controverry" instead of
           | accepting the scientific reality of evolution. Its the side
           | that made it illegal for the CDC and ATF to do studies of
           | firearms. Its the side that claims to be anti- politics in
           | science while at the very same time politicizing science.
           | 
           | Your statement benefits the side that doesnt have truth on
           | its side, and is therefore harmful.
        
             | readthenotes1 wrote:
             | You're saying the party of "the President is fine don't
             | trust the cheap fakes" is to be trusted?
        
               | drawkward wrote:
               | I am making two claims:
               | 
               | 1. Not all arguments suffer from misinformation on both
               | sides.
               | 
               | 2. The political right uses misinformation as a weapon at
               | a scale that dwarfs that of the political left. Your
               | single example does not counter that argument.
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | Do you have an objective way to measure levels of
               | "misinformation as a weapon" that supports claim 2?
        
               | grandempire wrote:
               | I don't see how this can be true if you consider
               | misleading reporting as misinformation. The political
               | right doesn't have the same kind of media support. It
               | organized in the old days with radio, and now with blogs
               | and twitter networks.
        
               | zimpenfish wrote:
               | > The political right doesn't have the same kind of media
               | support.
               | 
               | How do you figure that? From what I've seen, most US
               | media leans right[0], if not overtly right-wing.
               | 
               | [0] In that they'll hammer the left on every small issue
               | whilst glossing over the more egregious actions of the
               | right.
        
               | milesrout wrote:
               | Literally the opposite is true. Trump's every action is
               | criticised even when he does exactly the same thing as
               | his predecessors. People are acting as is presidents
               | haven't made executive orders before. The
               | unconstitutional abuse of EOs to effectively enact laws
               | dates back decades but suddenly it is a new problem when
               | Trump does it.
        
               | zimpenfish wrote:
               | > suddenly it is a new problem when Trump does it.
               | 
               | Nope.
               | 
               | January 29, 2021: "Biden has taken heat from critics over
               | his early reliance on executive action, with Republicans
               | saying it betrays his vow to work with Congress on to
               | build a consensus on issues."[0]
               | 
               | February 6, 2014: "Executive Order tyranny -- Obama plans
               | to rule America with pen, phone"[1]
               | 
               | November 2, 2011: "Obama uses executive orders as a
               | political tool"[2]
               | 
               | February 21, 2001: "The Use and Abuse of Executive Orders
               | and Other Presidential Directives"[3]
               | 
               | [0] https://www.foxnews.com/politics/biden-has-
               | signed-40-executi...
               | 
               | [1] https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/executive-order-
               | tyranny-obam...
               | 
               | [2] https://edition.cnn.com/2011/11/01/politics/obama-
               | executive-...
               | 
               | [3] https://www.heritage.org/political-
               | process/report/the-use-an...
        
               | grandempire wrote:
               | 2 Fox News and a heritage link?
               | 
               | The cnn is positive, only including a few negative quotes
               | from republicans.
        
               | drawkward wrote:
               | Just stop. No evidence presented will satisfy you. Right
               | wing misinformation warfare has been going on since _at
               | least_ Rush Limbaugh.
               | 
               | The post you are responding to has effectively and
               | accurately rebutted the post it is answering, which
               | claimed that the media complaing about Trump's EOs is a
               | new thing, despite having been done be prior presidents.
        
               | milesrout wrote:
               | >The post you are responding to has effectively and
               | accurately rebutted the post it is answering
               | 
               | Wrong.
               | 
               | >which claimed that the media complaing about Trump's EOs
               | is a new thing, despite having been done be prior
               | presidents.
               | 
               | Wrong. My complaint was that Trump is held to a double
               | standard on executive orders, and this is true.
               | 
               | >Just stop. No evidence presented will satisfy you. Right
               | wing misinformation
               | 
               | The irony. Good god. Maybe if you get your head out of
               | your arse and accept you might be wrong on occasion you
               | would see what is obvious to everyone across the planet,
               | that the media holds Trump to a completely different
               | standard.
               | 
               | Next thing you will claim that Israel isn't held to a
               | different standard by the UN. Your claim is as obviously
               | ridiculous as that.
        
               | drawkward wrote:
               | You are alleging all sorts of things, and unlike the
               | poster who responded to you, you bring no evidence.
               | 
               | Good day, sir.
        
               | milesrout wrote:
               | Exactly. Fox News covered it a little bit. Whereas the
               | media hasnt gone a day without this being the leading
               | story since Trump was inaugurated.
        
               | drawkward wrote:
               | Tearing down our government is somewhat newsworthy, imho.
        
               | Epa095 wrote:
               | Is this a joke? Sinclair network. Conservative radio. X.
        
               | aisenik wrote:
               | "The mainstream media is (far) left" is misinformation.
               | You've been successfully inoculated against critical
               | analysis of your media environment.
        
               | grandempire wrote:
               | Who are you quoting?
        
               | aisenik wrote:
               | I'm referring to the widespread meme (that predates this
               | use of the word meme) that is prevalent in the USA. It is
               | so frequently repeated in some form, it is practically an
               | article of faith. Notably, it is a major component of
               | Donald Trump's messaging since he became a right-wing
               | political figure.
               | 
               | Quote marks are frequently used to delimit text for
               | purposes other than direct attribution to a speaker.
        
               | grandempire wrote:
               | > Quote marks are frequently used to delimit text for
               | purposes other than direct attribution to a speaker.
               | 
               | Ok but directing your comments at quotes means nobody is
               | here to respond.
        
               | drawkward wrote:
               | Yet somehow you continue to respond. Ironic.
        
               | sanktanglia wrote:
               | One party agreed their old candidate was losing it, the
               | other did not so your both sides argument already falls
               | apart
        
               | grandempire wrote:
               | They said it was false until it couldn't be hidden any
               | longer as the public saw it.
               | 
               | Trump is suffering from a lot of problems. But major
               | impairment to mental function due to old age, as Biden
               | clearly did, doesn't appear to be one.
        
               | snozolli wrote:
               | Anyone who has seen an old video of Trump speaking in the
               | 80s - 90s and compared it to today knows that his mental
               | function is impaired by age.
        
               | grandempire wrote:
               | I think no change across 40 years of life is not what
               | either of us meant. But How does 2020 Biden hold up to
               | this test you came up with?
        
               | bagels wrote:
               | Confusing insane asylums and refugee asylum by way of
               | talking about Hannibal Lecter points in a completely
               | different direction than what you've stated.
        
           | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
           | That always was possible and always required critical
           | thinking and further evidence to resolve.
           | 
           | People just don't have the skills, or are being brainwashed
           | into not using their skills.
        
           | fncypants wrote:
           | Do not both sides any of this. One cannot claim that both
           | sides present misinformation and then not acknowledge that
           | one side is doing so intentionally and the other is not.
           | 
           | Elon tweeted that there was a lot of 150-year-old recipients.
           | That's all he said. [1] So there was a rush to point out why,
           | if this 150 year old number is the only information he's
           | providing of fraud, it is not a prima facie case of fraud.
           | That was a good faith response to a bad faith, selective
           | release of information.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/musk-
           | claims-150-year-ol...
           | 
           | So then Musk provides more data, but again, not enough data
           | to provide all the context. What he leaves out is that there
           | have been multiple, prior good faith attempts to investigate
           | these data entries, identify whether there's any fraud, and
           | address any problems. This was the work of inspectors general
           | whose job is to work in good faith to try to resolve these
           | issues.
           | 
           | There is one side acting only in bad faith. If they were
           | acting in good faith, they would raise these issues through
           | legal channels (inspectors general) and then have an orderly,
           | legal process to address them. That is how it has always been
           | done, for a reason. They are not operating legally because
           | they know that what they are doing is in bad faith and would
           | be found out as such.
           | 
           | What we are witnessing is a dismantling of the rule of law.
           | It's important to recognize that and to not to be complicit
           | in it.
        
         | cyanydeez wrote:
         | Can you give us a misinformation example related to this post.
         | This sounds like an empty complaint with no vector.
        
           | chrisco255 wrote:
           | There's a snarky thread going around attempting to dunk on
           | DOGE employees who revealed that some social security
           | recipients have 150 year old birth dates. The claim is that
           | this is just the default start date for COBOL (like the UNIX
           | epoch), but it's not even true, and even if it was, it's
           | still a major problem if we have social security recipients
           | with no birth date in the system.
        
             | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
             | > it's still a major problem if we have social security
             | recipients with no birth date in the system.
             | 
             | It's not a problem, since there are other ways of
             | determining eligibility. If a person doesn't have proof of
             | a birth date, what are you supposed to do? Make one up?
             | 
             | And the claim is that it's fraud, which requires evidence,
             | not some anomaly which can be several things. Musk and DOGE
             | deserve the "dunk" since they're spreading unsubstantiated
             | BS.
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | If a person doesn't have proof of birthdate, you could
               | make up a realistic one. Pick 1935. Pick 1942. Pick
               | anything but longer than the oldest human to ever live
               | ago. And you know what? Since centenarians are rare
               | enough, maybe do annual checkups on those folks to see if
               | they're still alive before cutting checks.
        
               | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
               | Absolutely not. You don't enter false values pretending
               | to be accurate, you put in a null value or other marker.
               | You want it to make no sense so it's not mistaken for
               | real data.
        
               | michaelmrose wrote:
               | Exactly wrong making up fake data would poison actual
               | data. The pupose of these systems isn't to look correct
               | to people on twitter. We have zero reason to believe we
               | are cutting checks unreasonably inaccurately.
               | 
               | There are of course going to be recently decreased not
               | yet accounted for and a tiny number of fraudsters
               | collecting grannies check.
               | 
               | Individual annual audits 200 USD per person would cost
               | 136B over the next 10 years. Far more than fraud it would
               | deter. Fraud which is already minimal.
               | 
               | Indivual audits of client accounts for obvious issues and
               | fraud is already a thing because the experts that are
               | responsible for such aren't complete morons.
        
               | cozzyd wrote:
               | It's what's an LLM would do!
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | Why would you deliberately input realistic but known
               | incorrect data, versus using a special "we don't know"
               | value? How on earth could that possibly be better?
        
               | fastball wrote:
               | Musk and DOGE do not deserve a dunk that is a lie just
               | because they deserve some comeuppance in general.
        
             | michaelmrose wrote:
             | The problem is that DOGE public statements like those of
             | Trump are a fountain of lies so there is little point in
             | digging into them because the alternative is the equivilent
             | of looking for some edible corn in a bucket of human waste.
             | 
             | Logical theories include connected records include an age,
             | its chaff unconnected to any money being moved retained for
             | legal reasons, and them just making it up.
             | 
             | Since they won't substantiate this you can choose your own
             | adventure whilst waiting for the boring truth which is
             | probably on balance that all receipients have a known age
             | but they were unable to look it up correctly and something
             | somewhere returns default when not available i in that code
             | path.
        
             | frugalmail wrote:
             | It's sad that there are so many people that don't realize
             | what they're saying is absolutely illogical. I agree with
             | you, the technical details are irrelevant if there are
             | people getting payments with those attributes it's a
             | problem.
        
               | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
               | Nope, you're totally wrong. it's entirely a technical
               | issue if it's an old system that handles exceptional
               | circumstances in odd ways. The facts of the case(s) are
               | not known.
               | 
               | You don't know what the recipient's details are, you're
               | just saying it's a problem without knowing any of the
               | facts around the individuals circumstances.
               | 
               | You're simply thinking in the most shallow way possible.
        
               | marky1991 wrote:
               | Aren't you just doing the same thing, just in reverse? Ie
               | you don't know any facts about individual cases, yet
               | assume there is no problem. (If that's not your position,
               | in what sense is gp "totally wrong"?)
        
               | zimpenfish wrote:
               | > yet assume there is no problem.
               | 
               | Is it plausible that, given the claim is that people
               | currently >150 years old are receiving money, in the
               | previous 40 years of audits, etc., no-one has noticed
               | that people >110 (vanishingly rare in the US) were
               | getting money? That it took the arrival of Elon and his
               | Special Boys with their cursory glance to immediately
               | spot this problem that must have been missed by every
               | other developer, tested, auditor, etc. for AT LEAST 40
               | years? Or that there has been some vast conspiracy - on
               | both sides of the US political aisle - to keep paying out
               | this money to clearly ineligible people without a single
               | person ever whistleblowing?
               | 
               | My money is on the vastly simpler "Elon and his Special
               | Boys[0] have misunderstood" hypothesis.
               | 
               | [0] who have not demonstrated a great acumen for being
               | correct at any point, let's be honest.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | The number of super old accounts is many millions. There
               | is no way that this particular number is indicative of a
               | fraud problem.
               | 
               | Now you could motte-and-bailey the sentence "the
               | technical details are irrelevant if there are people
               | getting payments with those attributes it's a problem" by
               | saying oh if _any_ accounts in this group are getting
               | payments, even if it 's just a handful of them, that's a
               | problem. But if we're talking about the number of these
               | accounts being _representative_ of the amount of fraud,
               | there 's no way that's true.
        
               | frugalmail wrote:
               | How are your "unknown facts" that you've NOT
               | substantiated at all, more relevant than my "unknown
               | facts" that are based on logical conclusions?
               | 
               | If that field is the qualifying field that it was
               | presented as, Then any record with that data means you
               | shouldn't be getting payments. And it was communicated
               | that there are individuals getting payments with that
               | dirty field.
        
             | handojin wrote:
             | I think you have to read this one generously. The claim
             | isn't about how COBOL works, except incidentally. It's more
             | along the following lines:
             | 
             | COBOL doesn't have a default date/time type
             | 
             | As such implementation decisions are left to the
             | implementor
             | 
             | The implementors* of the SS system chose 1875 as the epoch
             | date for reasons
             | 
             | *I made a lot of money in 1999. The original implementors
             | of SS probably used something else ("it'll be rewritten
             | before this is a problem" was essentially the whole raison
             | de etre of Y2K). The 1875 thing, if it's a thing, was
             | probably the result of Y2K work. But I have no direct
             | knowledge of these matters.
        
               | fastball wrote:
               | 1875 being the result of Y2K work makes no sense to me.
               | 
               | Also the social media claim was that "this is how COBOL
               | works", not "this is how the SS system works". It does
               | not seem that the person who made the original social
               | media claim has any insider knowledge of the SS COBOL
               | system.
               | 
               | Definitely seems like misinformation to me.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | > The implementors* of the SS system chose 1875 as the
               | epoch date for reasons
               | 
               | The problem is we have no solid evidence that is actually
               | true. The claim appears to originate in an anonymous
               | DailyKos comment which contains so many factual errors
               | (e.g. claiming this is due to COBOL), it is unclear why
               | any of it should be believed. For all we really know, the
               | SSA code doesn't treat 1875 specially at all. And even if
               | it actually does, are these social media claims that it
               | does based on inside knowledge of how it works, or just a
               | lucky guess?
               | 
               | That's not to say DOGE's claims about 150 year old social
               | security recipients are right - for all I know, they
               | could be wrong - but, if they are wrong, it could be for
               | some reason which is completely unrelated to "1875 as an
               | epoch"
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | > claiming this is due to COBOL
               | 
               | Which would be true if it's the case.
               | 
               | Because I couldn't name any programming language people
               | in use today that has no built-in date type.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | > Because I couldn't name any programming language people
               | in use today that has no built-in date type.
               | 
               | But this isn't true. COBOL 85 has builtin functions for
               | representing dates as an integer from 1601 epoch. IBM
               | mainframe COBOL supports two operation modes, ANSI-
               | compatible mode in which those functions use the 1601
               | epoch, and IBM-compatible mode which use a 1582 epoch
               | instead - https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/cobol-
               | zos/6.4?topic=options-intd...
               | 
               | A lot of COBOL software didn't use the COBOL 85 date
               | functions because it is so old it long predates COBOL 85,
               | and also because old habits die hard and some COBOL
               | programmers avoided using them.
               | 
               | COBOL 85 doesn't have a date type per se, dates are
               | either integers (count of days since epoch) or strings
               | (YYYYMMDD). But, C's 'time_t' isn't really a separate
               | type (in the sense that many other languages have them)
               | it is just an alias for an integer type. So COBOL is
               | closer to C on this than you might think
        
               | cwbriscoe wrote:
               | I did a lot of COBOL Y2K work in 1998-2000 and I have
               | never once heard of any 1875 epoch related to COBOL until
               | the last few days. We either modified code to use
               | windowing functions or we just full converted to 4 digit
               | years depending on severity. For instance, windowing code
               | for front end, 4 digit years for DB, VSAM and flat files.
               | 
               | "The implementors* of the SS system chose 1875 as the
               | epoch date for reasons"
               | 
               | So, they invented their own date system instead of just
               | using the standard CENTURY-DATE or an ISO-8601 date from
               | their DB. Highly doubt...
        
             | dashundchen wrote:
             | Did DOGE reveal anything, or did Musk just make an
             | unverified claim?
             | 
             | If the claim is true and it's really a case of fraud, isn't
             | that a case for the courts and DOJ to handle?
             | 
             | Or he is really trying to undermine trust in the
             | government, like his false Gaza condom claim?
        
               | bagels wrote:
               | The latter. He's trying to build an "Iraq has WMD" case
               | for cutting SSA, by falsely claiming all the payments are
               | fraudulent.
        
             | svachalek wrote:
             | The trick is that while this is a database in Social
             | Security, it is not the database of social security
             | recipients.
        
               | bagels wrote:
               | Thank, you. All this whining about missing death dates
               | totally misses the point. 150 year olds are not receiving
               | checks!
        
           | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
           | The stack exchange question _is_ the example. It specifically
           | talks about a bit of information making the rounds that turns
           | out to be wrong. You read the linked page, and didn 't just
           | jump to the comments, right?
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | Except the link doesn't refute anything at all.
             | 
             | It just says that basically each COBOL system will
             | implement dates their own way.
        
               | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
               | The thread says any such implementation has nothing to do
               | with it being COBOL and further that COBOL doesn't even
               | have a concept of dates, which absolutely does refute the
               | original claim of "in COBOL, if a date is missing...".
        
         | frugalmail wrote:
         | In this case the misinformation isn't even the attack the mis-
         | informers think it is.
         | 
         | Anybody getting payments with this erroneous data is committing
         | fraud because the choices with that mis-information are that we
         | don't know how old they are. This means they have been 150
         | years old since they got into the system. That scenario is
         | actually worse than they have been getting payments for some
         | decades after their qualification age.
        
           | zimpenfish wrote:
           | > This means they have been 150 years old since they got into
           | the system.
           | 
           | No, the theory being made was that they appear to be 150
           | years old because the marker for "unknown DOB" -when queried-
           | comes out as 1875 by default and that wasn't accounted for /
           | known about by the Special Boys given their lack of knowledge
           | around these systems. It's entirely plausible that they look
           | 150 years old (with a badly formed query done in a rush) but
           | there's an "eligibility" section of fields which says they're
           | eligible because they verified their citizenship[0] in 1952
           | with their military record[1].
           | 
           | Basically doing a query on DOB/age instead of eligibility.
           | Easily done! Just not something to brag about in a press
           | conference before triple-checking that you weren't about to
           | make a massive arsehole out of yourself to the world.
           | 
           | [0] Or however it works, I'm from the UK, I don't know.
           | 
           | [1] Or equivalent validating document.
        
       | hypeatei wrote:
       | It was posted in the comments that ISO 8601, at one point,
       | mentioned 1875-05-20 as a reference date. According to Wikipedia,
       | it was later omitted[0]. I guess it's possible that the social
       | security system (EDIT: that we know today) was initially designed
       | with that date as a sort of epoch. Either way, it seems nuanced
       | and no one has the full story (including Elon)
       | 
       | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601
        
         | chrisco255 wrote:
         | > was first published in 1988
         | 
         | No, the social security system and the COBOL that powers it
         | predates that standard by quite a lot.
        
           | hypeatei wrote:
           | That makes a lot of assumptions, especially given there was
           | most likely Y2K problems that needed addressing and system
           | upgrades taking place since the initial system rollout. This
           | page[0] states that there was changes to the system in the
           | 1960s but I can't find anything more recent so... maybe
           | you're right. Who knows.
           | 
           | [0]: https://www.ssa.gov/history/ibm.html
        
             | chrisco255 wrote:
             | Y2K problems were related to attempting to represent years
             | with 2 digit numbers. By no means would setting a date to
             | 1875 fix a Y2K problem, it would just exacerbate it. Even
             | if the problem originated from a Y2K "fix", it would still
             | be a major bug, resulting in millions to billions in
             | excessive payouts going to who knows where.
        
               | IX-103 wrote:
               | I think parent post is saying that when they fixed the
               | Y2K problem, they likely also modernized the date
               | representation to comport with international standards.
               | It wouldn't really be any more difficult to do both of
               | those at the same time than just fixing Y2K bugs.
        
         | jomar wrote:
         | Wikipedia says "ISO 8601:2004 established a reference calendar
         | date of 20 May 1875 (the date the Metre Convention was signed),
         | later omitted from ISO 8601-1:2019." I was curious what
         | "reference calendar date" is supposed to mean.
         | 
         | Thanks to links in the SE thread, I found the relevant actual
         | text in ISO 8601:2000 (I don't know how different it might be,
         | if at all, in the 2004 document):
         | 
         | > _The Gregorian calendar provides a reference system
         | consisting of a, potentially infinite, series of contiguous
         | calendar years. Consecutive calendar years are identified by
         | sequentially assigned year numbers. A reference point is used
         | which assigns the year number 1875 to the calendar year in
         | which the "Convention du metre" was signed at Paris._
         | 
         | This last sentence is simply an obtuse way to say "this year
         | right now, as I [jomar] write this -- we call this 2025".
         | Apparently the ISO committee did not want to refer to what was
         | going on around 1 AD or felt that the missing 0 between 1 BC
         | and 1 AD would lead to confusion or something, so instead used
         | the birth year of the metre to state the bleeding obvious.
        
           | jjmarr wrote:
           | Nobody actually knows what year Jesus was born, so setting "1
           | AD = Jesus' first full year of life" wouldn't be accurate.
           | It's more or less the same puzzle as COBOL's alleged default.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_of_the_birth_of_Jesus#Acc.
           | ..
           | 
           | The current year numbering is because a monk called Dionysius
           | Exiguus thought the existing system of numbering the years
           | since Emperor Diocletian was stupid as Diocletian persecuted
           | Christians. Dionysius decided the year in which he invented
           | his calendar was 525 years since the birth of Jesus and
           | created the _Anno Domini_ system.
           | 
           | Dionysius didn't really explain why he thought Jesus was born
           | 525 years ago (in December of 1 BC). Many historiographers
           | have tried to understand his logic. Thankfully, unlike COBOL
           | programmers, Dionysius documented his reasoning for picking 1
           | BC as the reference year, so we only have to argue about
           | whether he was _correct_.
        
         | masswerk wrote:
         | Isn't it possible that 1875 was chosen, because of
         | compatibility with US legacy data encoding and that then an
         | arbitrary, but notable date in this year was chosen as the
         | reference date (i.e., the Convention du Metre)? I guess, the
         | USA had quite a stake in this...
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | I find the stack exchange interesting, but I still think its
       | post-hoc reasoning. I would prefer one of the people who worked
       | on these systems to say it, than have a plausible, but none-the-
       | less third hand take published as "the answer"
        
         | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
         | We already have "the answer", it's obviously bad or exceptional
         | data. The question "is it fraud" can't be answered by looking
         | narrowly at that data.
         | 
         | But the idea that no one has noticed the problem and
         | investigated it (including possible fraud) is very unlikely.
        
           | ggm wrote:
           | Agreed. And, the persistence of bad data like this isn't
           | uncommon. We had a bunch of fields in the SQL registry system
           | I work in set to the literal 4 character ascii string "null"
           | because of a coding error over field == null by somebody. It
           | did no harm to the attributes of interest at the time. It
           | only had consequences later on when the codebase changed.
        
         | anadem wrote:
         | I didn't wok on one of the US government systems, but much of
         | my career was in COBOL compilers (writing run time systems, and
         | checking against the ANSI standards). COBOL would not default
         | to 1875 for a corrupt date.
        
           | threeseed wrote:
           | > COBOL would not default to 1875 for a corrupt date
           | 
           | But COBOL doesn't have a date type.
           | 
           | So isn't its behaviour defined by how the system has been
           | implemented ?
        
       | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
       | This is a bit of a red herring.
       | 
       | These sorts of asinine claims by Musk are par for the course. For
       | people who don't worship him, he doesn't have much credibility.
       | The idea that he "storms the gates" of government and finds
       | rampant fraud is a stretch for everyone but those who want to
       | believe it.
       | 
       | If fraud was as easy to find as 150 year old recipients there
       | would be no fraud. Instead fraudulent claims look perfectly
       | legitimate and their fraudulent aspect is not obvious. There are
       | so many inexact aspects to dealing with data associated with
       | humans and so much variety.
        
         | fastball wrote:
         | What are you talking about? This isn't about Elon Musk. This is
         | a SE thread about whether or not COBOL backdates to 1875,
         | consensus being that it _does not_ do that.
        
           | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
           | Musk is making claims without substantive evidence. Why do
           | you think we're talking about it?
        
             | fastball wrote:
             | No, the claim without substantive evidence is that COBOL
             | backdates to 1875.
             | 
             | If the source-of-truth for SS payments is the database and
             | associated COBOL system, and that system reports payments
             | being made to 150 year olds, that is bad. We should not be
             | doing that. It doesn't matter if the birth date was
             | deliberately added as 1875 or if the COBOL system replaces
             | null date values with 1875 (which does not seem to be the
             | case if you read the linked thread).
        
           | NoPicklez wrote:
           | It is, I assume this post has been made because Elon recently
           | said when he addressed the media next to Trump that they
           | supposedly found people who were 150 years old collecting
           | social security payments.
           | 
           | What has followed is people coming out of the woodwork to
           | explain how this may have been reflected in the system since
           | the system was written in COBOL and the reasons why those
           | people were reflected that way the system, that they likely
           | weren't actually having those payments made and it there
           | wasn't the wastage of tax payers money as Elon claims.
           | 
           | Whereby citizens that don't have a recorded age are
           | represented with an age of 0 and COBOL backdates their age
           | from 1875.
           | 
           | It seems to be Elon's DOGE team having access to data that
           | they have little experience in reviewing and understanding
           | and are spreading claims that are false.
           | 
           | Google it.
        
             | frugalmail wrote:
             | They specifically said these people are getting payments.
             | That means whether the cause is accurate representation in
             | the database, or inaccurate representation in the database,
             | this linchpin data should invalidate any payments.
        
               | NoPicklez wrote:
               | Do they know that or do they think or assume that?
               | 
               | There is supposedly an automated process to remove social
               | security payments from people over the age of 115, unless
               | there is an exception.
               | 
               | https://secure.ssa.gov/poms.nsf/lnx/0202602578
        
               | fastball wrote:
               | Entirely possible that part of the system fails on
               | whatever is causing there to be 150 year olds.
        
               | NoPicklez wrote:
               | There are a multitude of possibilities, of which none of
               | them were addressed by Musk with no nuance at all.
        
               | fastball wrote:
               | I don't think it is useful to do that in a press
               | conference.
        
               | NoPicklez wrote:
               | Neither is it useful to make such claims as he did so
               | blatantly
        
               | fastball wrote:
               | Well, it is useful for him, as (if it turns out to be
               | mostly true) then it highlights how poorly operations in
               | our government are.
               | 
               | The only reason you have to believe that Musk's
               | statements are not correct is the aforementioned
               | inaccurate assertion about COBOL.
        
               | zimpenfish wrote:
               | > The only reason you have to believe that Musk's
               | statements are not correct is [...]
               | 
               | And his well documented history of spouting bullshit and
               | flim-flam.
        
               | chillingeffect wrote:
               | That's ingenuoua. He posted the ssa's process for culling
               | 115 year olds above. Also, extraordinary claims require
               | extraordinary evidence. Presently, there is _no_
               | evidence.
               | 
               | This is precisely why business and government are
               | different entities. Business is a wealth-creating
               | opportunity with less responsibility. Government may not
               | be low-latency, but its aim is to be responsible and
               | correct. Confusing the two is a major problem.
        
               | fastball wrote:
               | What is ingenuoua?
        
               | computerthings wrote:
               | Right, so it's useful to just _just say things_ without
               | evidence, because they  "might turn out to be true" in
               | the future.
               | 
               | Something being useful to Musk and his goons doesn't make
               | it "useful" without such qualifiers.
               | 
               | > The only reason you have to believe that Musk's
               | statements are not correct is the aforementioned
               | inaccurate assertion about COBOL.
               | 
               | Hardly. That's just saying how little attention _you_
               | paid to the man.
        
               | fastball wrote:
               | Not giving out evidence in a press conference (how does
               | he even do that?) does not mean that his assertions were
               | made without evidence.
        
               | computerthings wrote:
               | So where's the evidence?
        
               | fastball wrote:
               | Presumably in the SS database. Is your idea that he
               | should give everyone on the internet access to this
               | database? Because other than seeing it for yourself, I'm
               | not sure what evidence he can provide that you will
               | believe.
        
               | computerthings wrote:
               | More than _zero_ would be a start. You said it 's not
               | viable to give evidence of claims during a press
               | conference, okay, but it's been a while since then.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | In fact, if you read that document, it mentions there are
               | exceptions in which the automated process doesn't
               | terminate someone for being >115, and the termination has
               | to be done manually for:
               | 
               | > Beneficiaries with other claimants active on the
               | record;
               | 
               | > Dually or technically entitled beneficiaries with a
               | discrepancy among records (information pertaining to date
               | of birth (DOB), suspension, and termination; or
               | 
               | > Beneficiaries in an active pay status on a dually
               | entitled record.
               | 
               | What we don't know, is how many >115 records get pushed
               | to manual processing, and how efficient that processing
               | is. Is there a backlog? How big is it?
               | 
               | It mentions that one thing that can prevent the automated
               | process, is when they have multiple records for a person,
               | and they have conflicting dates of birth - and then they
               | have to follow some process to resolve the discrepancy.
               | What happens if they get stuck and can't work out which
               | date of birth is the right one?
               | 
               | It also mentions how in some cases they need proof of
               | death to carry out the manual termination. What if their
               | attempts to procure such proof are unsuccessful?
               | 
               | Speculation: maybe there are a cohort of individuals who
               | are long deceased, but they fall into one of the
               | exceptions to the automated termination at 115 process,
               | SSA is missing proof of death, and if nobody is actually
               | "cashing the checks", it might be administratively easier
               | to just keep on "paying" them by printing the checks and
               | then burying them at the back of a filing cabinet than to
               | cancel their social security. Maybe that's who these "150
               | year old social security recipients" are. So nobody would
               | actually be committing fraud, and the government isn't
               | _really_ losing any money (since the checks are never
               | cashed). Not exactly good, but maybe not quite as bad as
               | Musk et al make it sound either. And quite likely it is
               | just a small handful of people who are a rounding error
               | in the federal budget.
        
             | fastball wrote:
             | You literally have that backwards. The misinfo is that
             | COBOL would be back-dating to 1875, as is made clear by the
             | linked StackExchange thread and anyone else that has
             | actually used COBOL. Regardless, people without an accurate
             | age in the Social Security database should not be getting
             | payments either, even if they are not actually 150.
        
               | NoPicklez wrote:
               | Okay regardless of whether I had it backwards the intent
               | of my post was still correct. That there may have been
               | people in the system that were 150 years old, due to the
               | COBOL language.
               | 
               | And who says they actually were being paid, was that just
               | assumed or did they find that people were inappropriately
               | being paid? It is been circulated that there is an
               | automated component that prevents that from happening if
               | people are aged past 115 years old
               | 
               | https://secure.ssa.gov/poms.nsf/lnx/0202602578
               | 
               | It is irresponsible to stand up in front of the
               | Whitehouse and spew that there are people receiving
               | social security payments that are 150 years old, without
               | performing a formal inquiry into the matter or
               | communicating the detail appropriately.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | > That there may have been people in the system that were
               | 150 years old, due to the COBOL language.
               | 
               | Yes, but this is the whole aspect that is misinformation:
               | there is no evidence that (alleged) "150 year old social
               | security recipients" has anything to do with COBOL. That
               | appears to be simply some speculative and likely
               | incorrect theory that some random cooked up, and people
               | that don't know any better are repeating as fact
               | 
               | It is entirely possible that Musk/DOGE's claims about
               | this topic will turn out to be incorrect - but if they
               | do, then I very much doubt that the actual reason,
               | whatever it may turn out to be, will be due to any
               | feature of the COBOL language (or the implementation of
               | it SSA is using)
        
               | NoPicklez wrote:
               | The entire issue I have is that there was no
               | substantiated evidence from Elon either, the public is
               | left to speculate as to why.
               | 
               | But Elon made a great headline for himself without any
               | nuanced or substantiated view.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | The solution to Musk's misinformation isn't anti-Musk
               | misinformation
               | 
               | Furthermore, while I wouldn't be surprised if Musk's
               | claims turn out to be a exaggeration or distortion, they
               | are an exaggeration or distortion of genuine internal
               | government info - being weighed against uninformed
               | speculation by Internet randoms
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | Personally I'd be more worried by uninformed speculation
               | by the unqualified internet randoms currently
               | reallocating the government budget than uniformed
               | speculation of internet randoms pointing out that given
               | their representation of "genuine internal government
               | info" makes no sense there might be multiple more logical
               | explanations. I don't think the barriers to comment on
               | internet forums should be higher than the barriers to
               | running the country, but YMMV
        
               | ithkuil wrote:
               | this is why the social media powered bullshit machine is
               | so effective.
               | 
               | Scenario: Chief executive president says that children
               | are raped by unicorns. People react by saying, there is
               | no way, unicorns don't exist. How do you know they don't
               | exist? There are no animals with a unicorn-looking long
               | twisted horn on their foreheads, some people respond.
               | Somebody else points out that Narwhals exist and somehow
               | we've reached the conclusion that people astonished with
               | the president in chief are somehow just people with musk
               | derangement syndrome and talking from their asses.
               | 
               | In the meantime the extraordinary claim that started all
               | this goes unaddressed and we're ready to repeat the cycle
               | with the next inflammatory bait that takes no time to
               | produce and drains all the energy of all those who want
               | to make sense of it.
        
             | skissane wrote:
             | > What has followed is people coming out of the woodwork to
             | explain how this may have been reflected in the system
             | since the system was written in COBOL
             | 
             | There's zero evidence these "people coming out of the
             | woodwork" have any idea what they are actually talking
             | about. No evidence they have ever worked for SSA or have
             | any insider info on how its systems work. It appears these
             | "people coming out of the woodwork" are just random
             | nobodies speculating in public (likely incorrectly), and
             | people are repeating their speculation because they like
             | how it sounds and they don't know enough about the topic to
             | realise that it probably isn't true
        
               | computerthings wrote:
               | Two bits from Hannah Arendt's "Origins of
               | Totalitarianism":
               | 
               | > The sympathizers, who are to all appearances still
               | innocuous fellow-citizens in a nontotalitarian society,
               | can hardly be called single-minded fanatics; through
               | them, the movements make their fantastic lies more
               | generally acceptable, can spread their propaganda in
               | milder, more respectable forms, until the whole
               | atmosphere is poisoned with totalitarian elements which
               | are hardly recognizable as such but appear to be normal
               | political reactions or opinions.
               | 
               | and
               | 
               | > Over and above the senselessness of totalitarian
               | society is enthroned the ridiculous supersense of its
               | ideological superstition. Ideologies are harmless,
               | uncritical, and arbitrary opinions only as long as they
               | are not believed in seriously. Once their claim to total
               | validity is taken literally they become the nuclei of
               | logical systems in which, as in the systems of
               | paranoiacs, everything follows comprehensibly and even
               | compulsorily once the first premise is accepted. The
               | insanity of such systems lies not only in their first
               | premise but in the very logicality with which they are
               | constructed. The curious logicality of all isms, their
               | simple-minded trust in the salvation value of stubborn
               | devotion without regard for specific, varying factors,
               | already harbors the first germs of totalitarian contempt
               | for reality and factuality.
        
               | jklinger410 wrote:
               | If you thought this was some kind of roast against one
               | side, do me a favor and think about it for the opposite.
               | 
               | That's what good posting vague quotes about
               | totalitarianism does. You have to engage in specifics for
               | your communication to be meaningful.
        
               | computerthings wrote:
               | > If you thought this was some kind of roast against one
               | side
               | 
               | I wasn't "roasting" anyone, and I've been criticizing the
               | same shit in leftist circles for nearly 20 years.
               | 
               | > That's what good posting vague quotes about
               | totalitarianism does.
               | 
               | No, that's what you thinking that I think this was some
               | kind of roast, and then telling me about that does. Added
               | nothing.
        
               | jklinger410 wrote:
               | Well if I can't tell what side you are criticizing with
               | your broad quotes then my point is they aren't really
               | effective. Which is why I said posting vague quotes about
               | totalitarianism doesn't really do much.
        
               | computerthings wrote:
               | That something has to be applicable to only one "side" is
               | a goal of your own making, not mine.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | They didn't say that.
               | 
               | And they're right, if we can't tell what your quote is
               | aimed at, then your post is not doing a good job.
        
               | computerthings wrote:
               | if you had any interest, you'd ask, so wtf is this?
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Multiple people calling your post unclear _is_ a request
               | for you to explain. Even if they don 't use a question
               | mark.
        
         | frugalmail wrote:
         | How is this asinine? Regardless of the technical details, if we
         | don't have an accurate DOB of recipient, then they shouldn't be
         | past, present or future beneficiaries unless we get an accurate
         | DOB. Something is obviously wrong since the DOB is a critical
         | component to the whole program. As far as I'm concerned,
         | anybody currently receiving benefits with this issue is
         | obviously a problem.
        
           | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
           | That's not what the law or administrative statutes say, you
           | can prove eligibility without a birth date.
           | 
           | You're simply ignorant on this matter.
        
             | frugalmail wrote:
             | You're again trying to attack instead of establishing a
             | logical explanation. It's clear you're not here in good
             | faith.
             | 
             | Regardless of how somebody establishes their birth date,
             | that field would still get updated with the data that gets
             | accepted. If that field is invalid, and somebody is
             | receiving payments, then it's wrong.
        
               | Kolya wrote:
               | There are ways you could establish eligibility without a
               | birth date. For example, they may have a WW2 service
               | record but no record of their birth.
        
               | bagels wrote:
               | You act as though there can only be one database table in
               | existence.
               | 
               | It's telling that Musk did not publish the data on the
               | age of people that are receiving payments.
        
           | bagels wrote:
           | Would you be surprised to learn that there are other data
           | sources and processes in place to make sure that dead people
           | don't get benefits, even if this one database table doesn't
           | have all the information?
           | 
           | Even a cursory search will show this.
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | Musk is implying that no serious attempt has been made to find
         | fraud.
         | 
         | That sounds quite possible to me.
        
           | dashundchen wrote:
           | That's incorrect.
           | 
           | The DOJ and SSA regularly prosecute social security fraud.
           | 
           | Take a look at the website of the Social Security
           | Administration's Inspector General site and look through the
           | news releases.
           | 
           | https://oig.ssa.gov/
           | 
           | However it's likely not as common as Musk wants you to think.
        
             | jimt1234 wrote:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M88ZzxKyrTg
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | This shows that there is non zero fraud enforcement.
             | 
             | That's fine, but far from showing a serious focused fully
             | staffed fraud detection operation.
             | 
             | Of course, such an operation may exist, but I haven't seen
             | any evidence.
             | 
             | The top SS fraud case in that list is a couple of idiots
             | who basically reported themselves:
             | https://oig.ssa.gov/news-releases/2025-01-30-husband-wife-
             | se...
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | Not on the System (Wang VS) I worked on in the 80s. Plus in many
       | cases dates used a 2 digit year. So 1875 would be seen as 1975.
       | 
       | Also I never head of this default.
        
       | hbarka wrote:
       | The question of unknown and how to default this value in
       | databases. Since null is not usually possible, there have been
       | hacks on how to do it. 1-1-9999 anyone?
        
       | cwbriscoe wrote:
       | I have been working on COBOL systems for quite a while now.
       | Currently and for most of my career, we mostly always use DB2
       | compatible dates ("CCYY-MM-DD").
       | 
       | Pre-Y2k a lot of dates were created with:
       | 
       | ACCEPT WS-DATE FROM DATE.
       | 
       | The above WS-DATE was in YYMMDD format, which is why there was a
       | Y2K issue and needed to be resolved with windowing code. However,
       | windowing code wouldn't work for somebody that was over 100 years
       | old...
       | 
       | Doing a little research there is also (which I have never used
       | since we just use DB2 and date parameter input files for CCYYMMDD
       | dates):
       | 
       | ACCEPT WS-CENTURY-DATE FROM CENTURY-DATE.
       | 
       | This date is in CCYYMMDD format. According to google, the epoch
       | for this date is January 1st, 1601.
        
         | Aloisius wrote:
         | I'm not sure how a date in the format YYYYMMDD can have an
         | epoch of 1601.
         | 
         | Epochs are used when storing the offset in some unit like
         | seconds or days to a reference date. The epoch for a year YYYY
         | is 1* BCE (since there is no year 0).
         | 
         | It doesn't make sense at all though for YYYYMMDD where there
         | are multiple units and 0 is invalid for two of them.
         | 
         | * You're not really supposed to use dates < 1582 in ISO 8601
         | though without prior agreement though it's meaning isn't really
         | defined.
         | 
         | Edit: There do exist standards that default to 1875-05-20 when
         | there's a null date however (GIS-related), but I've not seen
         | anything that suggests the SSA uses it.
        
           | skissane wrote:
           | > I'm not sure how a date in the format YYYYMMDD can have an
           | epoch of 1601.
           | 
           | IBM mainframe Cobol contains builtin functions which convert
           | between YYYYMMDD strings and integers - and 1601 is the epoch
           | they use for that integer representation. I assume the person
           | you were replying to was talking about this fact, just
           | stating it somewhat confusingly
           | 
           | > The epoch for a year YYYY is 1* BCE (since there is no year
           | 0).
           | 
           | Well, there is a year 0 in astronomical year numbering. One
           | can say that 0 CE = 1 BCE and -1 CE = 2 BCE and more
           | generally n BCE = -(n-1) CE for all integers n > 0. Maybe "0
           | CE" is incorrect per a strict definition of "CE", but it is
           | correct if we define it less strictly
           | 
           | > * You're not really supposed to use dates < 1582 in ISO
           | 8601 though without prior agreement though it's meaning isn't
           | really defined.
           | 
           | There's really only two choices: proleptic Gregorian, or
           | Julian. I don't know why ISO 8601 doesn't just mandate
           | proleptic Gregorian with astronomical year numbering. But I
           | suppose in the rare cases a computer system needs to
           | represent pre-1582 dates (such as historiography), Julian is
           | the norm. I suppose they could extend the syntax to specify
           | which calendar is being used
           | 
           | > Edit: There do exist standards that default to 1875-05-20
           | when there's a null date however (GIS-related), but I've not
           | seen anything that suggests the SSA uses it.
           | 
           | Do you know which ones specifically? Would be interested to
           | know this
        
             | Aloisius wrote:
             | The COBOL days since 1601 epoch makes sense. Now that I
             | think about it, if those functions don't work with negative
             | numbers, then I imagine even the YYYY strings couldn't have
             | years before 1601.
             | 
             |  _> Do you know which ones specifically? Would be
             | interested to know this_
             | 
             | This is the only one I've found:
             | 
             | https://docs.ogc.org/is/18-010r7/18-010r7.html#100
             | 
             | Temporal datum with Calendar ... and with TimeOrigin
             | omitted so should be assumed to be 1875-05-20.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | > The COBOL days since 1601 epoch makes sense. Now that I
               | think about it, if those functions don't work with
               | negative numbers, then I imagine even the YYYY strings
               | couldn't have years before 1601.
               | 
               | IBM mainframe COBOL has two operation modes, ANSI (where
               | day 1 is 1601-01-01) and "Lilian" (where day 1 is
               | 1582-10-14, the day on which the Gregorian calendar was
               | first introduced). ANSI mode complies with ANSI/ISO
               | standards for COBOL, Lilian is an IBM-only legacy
               | standard. So, in Lilian mode, the earliest value for YYYY
               | is 1582. I don't believe negative numbers are accepted.
        
           | cwbriscoe wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoch_(computing) (CTRL-F 1601)
           | Also notice, no mention of 1875.
           | 
           | Also just search "CENTURY-DATE COBOL Epoch"
           | 
           | If you search "CENTURY-DATE COBOL Epoch 1875", it is mostly
           | just recent entries debunking 1875 as an epoch.
        
           | HideousKojima wrote:
           | >I'm not sure how a date in the format YYYYMMDD can have an
           | epoch of 1601.
           | 
           | Remove the CMOS battery from a computer with no internet
           | connection running Windows XP and it will default to the
           | 1600's
        
         | bborud wrote:
         | Using an epoch of jan 1 1601 is ... interesting since it means
         | you would have to deal with the switch from julian to gregorian
         | calendar in september 1752. This included dropping 11 days.
         | 
         | Calendars and historic records is a pain.
        
           | zosima wrote:
           | Different countries switched to the Gregorian calendar at
           | different times. Pope Gregory XIII papal bull went into
           | effect October 1582, see:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar
           | 
           | And so 15 October 1582 used to be the 0 for some COBOL date
           | functions.
           | 
           | Later that was changed to Jan 1 1600. In IBM's systems you
           | can control what you prefer by a switch:
           | https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/zos/2.4.0?topic=services-date-
           | li...
        
             | adbachman wrote:
             | No joke, I actually hit this condition in a test suite and
             | ended up stumbling across the October 1582 date in a Ruby
             | library. It wasn't until I searched "October 10 1582" on
             | the Web that I learned the significance. https://gist.githu
             | b.com/abachman/f97806e1c0fe8e4e1849e5f8412...
             | 
             | tl;dr - MySQL uses 1000-01-01 as the minimum value for a
             | datetime field. Different Ruby libraries use different
             | methods to represent dates, which can lead to situations
             | that _appear_ to claim that 1000-01-01 != 1000-01-01.
        
           | twic wrote:
           | I assume they just use the Gregorian calendar throughout -
           | roughly what is called "proleptic Gregorian" [1], although
           | since the Gregorian calendar started on 15 October 1582,
           | which is before 1601, it's not really proleptic. Just barely
           | retroleptic.
           | 
           | [1]
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar
        
         | apaprocki wrote:
         | The Windows epoch is January 1st, 1601. The rationale is:
         | 
         | "The Gregorian calendar operates on a 400-year cycle, and 1601
         | is the first year of the cycle that was active at the time
         | Windows NT was being designed. In other words, it was chosen to
         | make the math come out nicely."
        
           | Maken wrote:
           | Still more logical than January 1st, 1970.
        
             | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
             | Unix guys weren't overthinking it on systems running on 16
             | kB of RAM, or whatever. Just get a damn number, sheesh.
        
       | layer8 wrote:
       | This is the best debunk I could find:
       | https://iter.ca/post/1875-epoch/
        
       | Aloisius wrote:
       | The SSA's master records, the Numerical Identification (NUMIDENT)
       | files, store dates in text as either CCYYMMDD or MMDDCCYY strings
       | according to their archived versions.
       | 
       | https://www.openicpsr.org/openicpsr/project/207202/
       | 
       | I have a hard time believing the DB2 systems would convert it to
       | days/seconds/whatever since 1875. It's not impossible, but I
       | think whoever came up with the 1875 thing was simply wrong.
       | 
       | That's not to say there are 150 year olds collecting social
       | security either. Dates of birth are sometimes missing or entered
       | wrong and sometimes death records don't get entered. It's also
       | clear DOGE didn't understand that social security numbers can't
       | be used as a unique identifiers (nor why it's unnecessary) which
       | can lead to all sorts of issues when processing.
       | 
       | Edit: It also seems the SSA presumes anyone over 115 is has died
       | and halts payments which makes it even more unlikely there are
       | 150 year old beneficiaries:
       | https://secure.ssa.gov/poms.nsf/lnx/0202602578
        
         | CSMastermind wrote:
         | Social Security started paying out in 1940:
         | https://www.proquest.com/docview/146227490?sourcetype=Histor...
         | 
         | With anyone 65 years or older eligible to start receiving
         | checks.
         | 
         | The 1875 date almost certainly comes from that. I wouldn't be
         | surprised if someone set it as a default for anyone they didn't
         | have a birth date for because you could safely assume someone
         | was older than that if they were receiving social security when
         | it first started _or_ because there are some of those initial
         | payments that truly were never discontinued.
        
           | EdwardDiego wrote:
           | That makes a lot of sense.
        
           | Aloisius wrote:
           | They didn't use computers in 1940 for it though. All this was
           | stored on paper where using days since 1875 wouldn't have
           | made much sense. That would lead to most of the beneficiaries
           | having a negative number.
           | 
           | They didn't get their first computer until 1956 and by that
           | point, the 1875 date would have made little sense.
           | 
           | It simply makes more sense there was data entry errors.
           | Indeed, we know there are since the SSA makes records
           | available for dead people. They show people supposedly born
           | as early as 1800:
           | 
           | https://aad.archives.gov/aad/fielded-
           | search.jsp?dt=3059&tf=F...
        
             | masswerk wrote:
             | > All this was stored on paper
             | 
             | Rather, as also mentioned in the answers, on Hollerith
             | cards, 5-digit encoded (2 for the year, 3 for the day of
             | year). Punch-card appliances were very much a thing. (WWII
             | logistics were run by punch-cards.)
        
               | Aloisius wrote:
               | They used IBM cards, not Hollerith cards (they used IBM
               | 077 collators and 405 accounting machines).
               | 
               | They were coded with 6 digits: 2 for month, 2 day and 2
               | year according to the SSA.
               | 
               | https://www.ssa.gov/history/ssa/yourss55.html
        
               | masswerk wrote:
               | Notably, this is from December 1955, already on
               | computers. There's no mention of how data was handled
               | before this. (Also, pre-WWII, people used do talk of
               | "Hollerith cards" in a general way - and the system
               | started in the 1930s.)
        
               | Aloisius wrote:
               | It's mentioned on IBM's site:
               | 
               | https://www.ibm.com/history/social-security-act
               | 
               | https://www.ibm.com/history/punched-
               | card#The+Social+Security...
               | 
               | And the SSA site mentions using IBM machines for it in
               | 1936. IBM machines only used IBM cards:
               | 
               | https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v69n2/v69n2p55.html
               | 
               | The checks used to pay people were also IBM punchcards.
        
           | kuhewa wrote:
           | The very first recipient, Ida May Fuller, would be 150 years
           | old currently.
        
           | erik998 wrote:
           | In 1875, the American Express Company established the first
           | private pension plan in the United States.
           | 
           | I can also see a situation where the SSA recipient in 1940
           | was born in 1875. The recipient age 65 could have married
           | someone very young for 10 years. That younger person could be
           | on survivors benefits and continue receiving payments.
           | 
           | Here is an example:
           | https://www.ssa.gov/history/idapayroll.html
           | 
           | On January 31, 1940, the first monthly retirement check was
           | issued to Ida May Fuller of Ludlow, Vermont, in the amount of
           | $22.54. Miss Fuller, a Legal Secretary, retired in November
           | 1939. She started collecting benefits in January 1940 at age
           | 65 and lived to be 100 years old, dying in 1975.
           | 
           | https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10084.pdf
           | 
           | https://www.ssa.gov/survivor/eligibility
           | 
           | So if in 1965 this retired person married someone age 18...
           | Then that person at 18 never remarried. Could they end up in
           | a situation where they receive survivors benefits from the
           | original applicant?
           | 
           | The recent spouse would be born in 1947 and marry in 1965 for
           | 10 years until their spouse's death... not have remarried or
           | worked, then at age 60 in 2007, derive survivors benefits
           | from original applicant?
        
             | hylaride wrote:
             | > So if in 1965 this retired person married someone age
             | 18... Then that person at 18 never remarried. Could they
             | end up in a situation where they receive survivors benefits
             | from the original applicant?
             | 
             | "In order to receive this (spousal) benefit, you must have
             | been married for at least 10 years, and both you and your
             | ex must be at least 62 years of age".
             | 
             | Basically, you could but you wouldn't get much to make it
             | worthwhile. I do know that veterans benefits did (at one
             | time?) payout to spouses in the way you ask, though. IIRC
             | benefits from the American Civil War were paid out into the
             | 21st century due to a handful of cases where old veterans
             | married young women. The last known "civil war widow" died
             | in 2008 having married an 86 year old at 19. A daughter
             | received her father's benefits until 2020. There was also
             | another spouse who died in 2020, but she never collected
             | the pension.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War_widows_who
             | _...
        
               | Projectiboga wrote:
               | The ten year rule is more recent than the SSA.
        
           | qingcharles wrote:
           | Also factor in there were civil war widows legitimately
           | eligible for pensions from their dead soldier husbands until
           | the last one died just a couple of years ago:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War_widows_who_.
           | ..
           | 
           | Also can be via your father, this lady was collecting a civil
           | war pension until 2020:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene_Triplett
        
             | zten wrote:
             | Can't wait for Musk's team to finally peel back these
             | layers, realize that the code actually implemented the
             | laws, and have to admit they are the idiots and apologize
             | for wasting the government's money on a poorly-run audit.
        
               | thecopy wrote:
               | They wont admit anything
        
               | flir wrote:
               | At least we'll get a good example for the Chesterton's
               | Fence wiki page.
        
               | krger wrote:
               | Until the Heritage Foundation succeeds in dismantling
               | Wikipedia.
        
               | flir wrote:
               | That makes me wonder what the Wikimedia Foundation's
               | disaster recovery plan looks like.
               | 
               | The crucial bit of infrastructure (and the most
               | vulnerable point right now) might be the domain name.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | FWIW they have instructions for downloading the whole
               | thing, which mention that it is also downloadable from
               | BitTorrent. So I think it is functionally impossible to
               | delete Wikipedia.
               | 
               | I'd be more worried about propaganda being inserted.
        
               | flir wrote:
               | I'm not worried about the data, and even losing the
               | servers would be a hiccup. But whatever site is at
               | www.wikipedia.org is, in the minds of the general public,
               | Wikipedia.
               | 
               | Domain names have been seized in the past.
        
               | tomnipotent wrote:
               | I imagine most traffic to Wikipedia is through search, so
               | I imagine such a fate is in the hands of search engines.
               | If a community-driven alternative appeared, we'd have to
               | rely on Google indexing this alternative and ranking it
               | higher than the usurped domain.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Search is also vulnerable.
               | 
               | It's been called "wokepedia" (not to be confused with
               | Wookieepedia, the star wars wiki) by Musk and others,
               | telling people not to donate.
               | 
               | And also people have been denouncing Google's search
               | results as biased, as being "woke".
               | 
               | I'm still not sure what any specific user of the word
               | "woke" means, beyond the Ami/UK right using it as an
               | insult, but I can't tell if it's generic or specific,
               | critiquing something or just telling supporters when to
               | boo and jeer. Does the Ami/UK left still use it to mean
               | "being aware of systemic prejudice", or have they also
               | shifted? I didn't notice at the time when "meme" stopped
               | meaning shared online quiz.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | > I'm still not sure what any specific user of the word
               | "woke" means
               | 
               | In the context you're referring to it is essentially an
               | accusation of certain ideological ulterior motives in
               | communication.
               | 
               | Regarding your reference to Google's search results. I
               | have no idea what the current behavior is. However a
               | couple of years ago there were some remarkable
               | differences for certain search terms between different
               | geographical versions of the website. It certainly had
               | the appearance of pushing an agenda at the time.
        
               | willy_k wrote:
               | > I'd be more worried about propaganda being inserted.
               | 
               | FWIW, it would be far from the first time that's happened
               | (including for sensitive US issues).
        
               | gota wrote:
               | Chesterton's Nuclear Security Program
               | 
               | [0] https://www.mlive.com/news/2025/02/doge-fired-
               | hundreds-of-us...
        
               | roywiggins wrote:
               | Is it really a Chesterton's Fence if it's covered in
               | signs saying "do not remove" with simple explanations in
               | large, friendly letters?
        
               | warningforever wrote:
               | Not if you stop understanding or believing the signs.
               | 
               | Very well done doc, though overly concerned, on how keep
               | people in the future away from nuclear waste: Into
               | Eternity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ayLxB9fV2y4
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | This definitely warrants an /s even if it's obvious :)
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | Musks team wont be able to make any sweeping changes here
               | that impact eligibility or payouts - thats the kinda
               | thing where angry pensioners form a mob outside the white
               | house and get front page coverage on every news outlet.
        
               | belter wrote:
               | "Fact-checking Elon Musk's claims in the Oval Office" -
               | https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwyjz24ne85o
        
               | throw0101d wrote:
               | > _Can't wait for Musk's team to finally peel back these
               | layers, realize that the code actually implemented the
               | laws_ [...]
               | 
               | Bloomberg's _Odd Lots_ podcast had an episode on this:
               | the hard part in replacing /updating government system is
               | not the coding part. The hard part is understanding the
               | policies that have been changed and modified over the
               | decades.
               | 
               | See "This Is What Happens When Governments Build
               | Software" (Jun 2023):
               | 
               | > _There 's a lot of frustration about the government's
               | ability to build things in the US. Subways. Bridges.
               | High-speed rail. Electricity transmission. But there's
               | another crucial area where the public sector often
               | struggles, and that is software. We saw it with the
               | infamous rollout of Obamacare. We see it in the UX of the
               | Treasury Direct website. And we saw it in the way state
               | unemployment insurance systems broke during the pandemic.
               | So why is it so hard for the public sector to build and
               | maintain software? On this episode we speak with Jennifer
               | Pahlka, the founder and former executive director of Code
               | for America and author of the new book Recoding America:
               | Why Government Is Failing in the Digital Age and How We
               | Can Do Better, as well as Dave Guarino, who recently left
               | the Department of Labor after working on upgrading the
               | unemployment insurance system. Both have a long history
               | of working on public sector software systems and they
               | explain why the problem is so tricky._
               | 
               | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nMtOv6DFn1U
               | 
               | One large component is that a lot of business rules and
               | policies have been encoded into the software logic, and
               | (re-)translating that into code in a new(er) language is
               | part of the challenge.
               | 
               | Related, "Why COBOL isn't the problem":
               | 
               | * https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41420217
        
               | gota wrote:
               | > Bloomberg's Odd Lots podcast had an episode on this:
               | the hard part in replacing/updating government system is
               | not the coding part. The hard part is understanding the
               | policies that have been changed and modified over the
               | decades.
               | 
               | That is the hard part in any system, not just government.
               | Especially government, maybe, but not
               | uncharacteristically and certainly not exclusively!
        
               | ahartmetz wrote:
               | I have read similar things about payroll software. The
               | thing about laws, regulations and payroll is: you _do
               | not_ get to adapt the rules to the software, the software
               | has to implement everything exactly as prescribed. Even
               | that one-off thing from 1977 that still influences a few
               | pensions by a few cents a month.
        
               | bongodongobob wrote:
               | I work for a company that employs ~5k people. There's an
               | entire IT team just for payroll and it's bigger than Ops.
               | When Elon says he and a handful of devs were going to fix
               | the entirety of the Treasury dept on their own, they are
               | either lying, or have no fucking idea what they're doing.
               | Probably both.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > The thing about laws, regulations and payroll is: you
               | _do not_ get to adapt the rules to the software, the
               | software has to implement everything exactly as
               | prescribed.
               | 
               |  _You_ do not get to adapt the rules to the software.
               | _The government_ can look at the state of the rules, say
               | "this rule is obsolete, inefficient or unnecessarily
               | complicated" and enact a different rule.
               | 
               | They rarely do this, which is why having someone go
               | through and make the attempt is potentially valuable.
        
               | throw0101d wrote:
               | > _That is the hard part in any system, not just
               | government._
               | 
               | Another episode from _Odd Lots_ , "Why Corporate America
               | Still Runs on Ancient Software That Breaks", with Patrick
               | McKenzie (patio11 here at HN):
               | 
               | > _Southwest Airlines had a disastrous holiday season,
               | thanks in part to a software bug that left crews out of
               | place and grounded thousands of flights. But Southwest
               | isn 't alone in having software in the headlines lately.
               | The New York Stock Exchange recently had a software error
               | that caused weird pricing on stocks and the FAA had its
               | own computer issue that grounded planes earlier this
               | month. So what's the deal with corporate software? Why do
               | these crashes happen? And why does the user experience
               | typically leave something to be desired? On this episode
               | of the podcast we speak with Patrick McKenzie, an expert
               | on engineering and infrastructure, who writes the Bits
               | About Money newsletter and recently left payments company
               | Stripe after six years. We talked about the challenges of
               | keeping any software system alive after years of upgrades
               | and updates, the distribution of tech talent across
               | industries, and whether non-tech companies can close the
               | gap with Silicon Valley._
               | 
               | * https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/why-corporate-
               | america-...
               | 
               | * https://omny.fm/shows/odd-lots/why-corporate-america-
               | still-r...
               | 
               | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6UQaXpzwQA
        
               | drawkward wrote:
               | Wait if you like, just dont hold your breath.
        
               | lenerdenator wrote:
               | You'll be waiting a long time.
               | 
               | Rule #1 of the new American oligarch: never admit a
               | mistake
        
               | kolanos wrote:
               | > Rule #1 of the new American oligarch: never admit a
               | mistake
               | 
               | Is this really a new rule? By my understanding of
               | history, this has been the standard operating procedure
               | for governments since... well, since they became a thing.
               | And when mistakes are admitted, they're done so very
               | slowly. For example, it took the U.S. government nearly
               | half a century to apologize for the Japanese internment
               | camps.
        
               | lenerdenator wrote:
               | There was at least the hope that the people in the
               | government would, someday, apologize. Or, failing that,
               | that they would pay at the ballot box come next election.
               | 
               | The new guard are far more like the old royalty of
               | Europe. Look at their lifestyles and riches: how could
               | they _possibly_ be wrong? Back then it was called the
               | divine right of kings: they were chosen by God - the
               | literal creator and master of the universe - and thus, by
               | definition, could not be wrong.
               | 
               | Today it's the absolution of the market: how could you
               | possibly be that wealthy if you are a screw-up? It's hard
               | to get rich, so those who have become so must be better
               | than the conventional wisdom and decency. Any wrong move
               | is written off as another move in a 4D chess game that
               | the average person just can't understand.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Musk admitted in the White House interview that he'd made
               | a mistake on the $50m for condoms to Gaza.
        
           | erik998 wrote:
           | There is so much more info on their site.
           | 
           | https://www.ssa.gov/history/hfaq.html
           | 
           | https://www.ssa.gov/history/index.html
           | 
           | https://www.ssa.gov/history/operations.html
           | 
           | Early Operations Social Security Bulletin
           | 
           | Volume 1 - June 1938 - Number 6
           | 
           | ACCOUNTING OPERATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF OLD-AGE INSURANCE
           | 
           | Joseph L. Fay and MaxJ. Wasserman
           | 
           | Bureau of Old-Age Insurance. Mr. Fay is Chief of the
           | Baltimore Accounting Operations Section and Mr. Wasserman is
           | Chief of the Statistics Section. They were assisted by Edward
           | O. Manning of the Statistics Section.
           | https://www.ssa.gov/history/fay638.html
        
           | gonzobonzo wrote:
           | > The 1875 date almost certainly comes from that.
           | 
           | Here's 1875 the claim that's been all over Twitter these
           | days[1]:
           | 
           | "Social security runs on COBOL, which does not use a date or
           | time type. So the > date is stored as a number using the ISO
           | 8601 standard. The epoch for this is 150 years ago (1875) -
           | aka the metre standard."
           | 
           | "So if you don't know the date of something, it will be a 0
           | value, which in COBOL will default to 1875 - 150 years ago."
           | 
           | Weirdly this post itself didn't get a lot of attention (only
           | 2.2k likes), but a ton of people took a screenshot of it and
           | passed it around as fact, which got a lot more attention. For
           | instance, post like this[2] with 56 thousand likes (there are
           | a bunch of them on Twitter right now, all with a screenshot
           | of this original post).
           | 
           | It's a good example of how misinformation spreads like
           | wildfire, and how extremely few people bother to check to see
           | where or not its accurate. I'm not sure it's useful trying to
           | figure out reasons for a 1875 date when we don't actually
           | have any indication that this was actually occurring, and the
           | discussion started because some made an erroneous claim.
           | 
           | [1] https://x.com/toshiHQ/status/1889928670887739902 [2]
           | https://x.com/enkday/status/1890808249663869204
        
           | chrisco255 wrote:
           | The 1875 date is a made up thing. There's millions of records
           | more than 100+ years old, some as old as 229 years old by
           | birth date. And, it's still very much a problem if the first
           | people to receive SS are still receiving it, or if the system
           | is still cutting checks because their death wasn't ever
           | recorded.
        
             | skissane wrote:
             | > or if the system is still cutting checks because their
             | death wasn't ever recorded.
             | 
             | My speculation: there are a small handful of _long_ dead
             | people, for whom the SSA has never received proof of death,
             | and they fall through some bureaucratic loophole in the
             | "assume people over 115 are dead" rules, so the SSA is
             | still printing them checks. But these checks haven't been
             | deposited in a bank account in many decades, and the SSA
             | doesn't even have a current address to send them, so it
             | just sticks them in a filing cabinet in their basement. No
             | fraud, the government isn't _really_ losing any money since
             | the checks aren 't being deposited or cashed, just a little
             | bit of bureaucratic stupidity that no doubt adds up to a
             | rounding error in the federal budget. But you can see how
             | Musk/Trump/et al could spin this to sound a lot worse than
             | it really is.
        
               | kolanos wrote:
               | > But these checks haven't been deposited in a bank
               | account in many decades, and the SSA doesn't even have a
               | current address to send them, ...
               | 
               | While this is likely true for a majority of cases. I am
               | confident that there are both bank accounts and addresses
               | that have remained valid since the 1940s. For example,
               | ABA routing/account numbers on checks go back to 1910.
               | 
               | Presuming checks are being printed, it would not surprise
               | me if they are being sent through the U.S. postal system.
               | What happens to them after that, though, is anyone's
               | guess. Banks generally stay on top of deceased customers.
               | But even then, a bank account can be transferred to
               | beneficiaries and retain the same account number.
               | 
               | i would expect that banks would flag a check being
               | deposited in the name of a known deceased former account
               | holder. But there have already been cases mentioned in
               | this thread where someone can receive SSA benefits on
               | behalf of a deceased spouse/parent. As such, it is
               | conceivable that those checks could be deposited.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | I guess the difference is: if you see a social security
               | check for a 150 year old being deposited, that would make
               | you suspect fraud, and so you would investigate to
               | determine if it is fraud, or some obscure case where it
               | is actually legitimate. Whereas, if the checks never get
               | deposited, where is the fraud? Which is why I think that
               | the undeposited check case is the most likely to "fall
               | through the cracks"
        
         | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
         | How can anyone on the outside make all these guesses about the
         | code and databases? It feels like a lot of speculation to try
         | to prove a claim wrong, but without evidence.
        
           | EdwardDiego wrote:
           | Yeah, exactly, and no-one can see Musk is tweeting about
           | either.
           | 
           | But we're generally assuming that he's clinging to anything
           | that justifies a pre-existing narrative.
        
           | brendoelfrendo wrote:
           | Indeed, how can an outsider like Musk and his DOGE
           | compatriots make any claim at all? I think it is far more
           | likely that Elon was mistaken, or lied, than the SSA is
           | paying out to multiple non-existent 150 year-olds. In fact,
           | that there are so many plausible explanations that _don 't_
           | involve fraud, it really behooves us to be skeptical. Elon
           | made the claim: he is responsible for supplying the evidence.
           | 
           | Note that the doge.gov website has a section called
           | "savings," which originally said "Receipts coming by
           | Valentine's Day." Now it says "Receipts coming over the
           | weekend!", and seeing as it's 11:50pm on the East Coast of
           | the US right now, that seems unlikely, too.
        
             | zten wrote:
             | I've gone rushing to my boss in the past with similarly
             | hastily researched claims and conclusions to what Musk is
             | tweeting. In my experience, they were usually the result of
             | me having performed insufficient research, and did not have
             | nearly the impact I thought they would. However, these kind
             | of junior level mistakes make for great propaganda. Anyone
             | can read his conclusion and the chart and with zero
             | critical thought, think "duh! The government is so stupid!
             | I knew I couldn't trust them to run a benefits program
             | correctly!" And that's exactly what Musk wants us to
             | conclude. As you note, however, we cannot conclude that -
             | there is a much, much higher burden of proof we should be
             | demanding.
        
             | mike_hearn wrote:
             | Given that other systems do have problems with paying out
             | to dead people or people who are alive but faking their
             | age, it'd be impressive if the US system had zero such
             | cases. The claim isn't unlikely on its face, especially
             | given what he said about Treasury never denying payments
             | for any reason in order to minimise complaints.
             | 
             | As to "how can he make claims at all", it's because civil
             | servants have been told to work for him, which means he is
             | supposed to have access to more information than actual
             | outsiders do (everyone on this thread).
        
               | flir wrote:
               | I'm sure the US system has a few cases of dead claimants.
               | I mean, it's a country of 330m people.
               | 
               | Dead and 150? Bit harder to believe. It's an
               | extraordinary claim, if you get my drift.
        
               | Panoramix wrote:
               | Why? Japan found over 200k ghost centenarians in their
               | database. A significant amount were fraud related,
               | relatives that keep receiving checks for example. So not
               | hard to believe for me.
        
               | flir wrote:
               | > Japan found over 200k ghost centenarians in their
               | database
               | 
               | Weeeeeell....
               | https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-03478634/document
               | 
               | > Why?
               | 
               | 150. I already said this.
               | 
               | The children of a 150-year-old would probably be in their
               | ~120s. The grandchildren would be in their ~90s.
               | 
               | You're claiming a social security account that's been
               | passed down through multiple generations, like some kind
               | of family heirloom.
               | 
               | It's an extraordinary claim, if you get my drift.
        
               | danso wrote:
               | The SSA OIG has done a couple of investigations into this
               | the past decade. In 2023 [0], it agreed with the SSA that
               | "almost none of the numberholders discussed in the report
               | [people aged 100 or older] currently receive SSA
               | payments" (while disagreeing that the costs and risks of
               | a mass correction effort outweigh the benefits)
               | 
               | > _While we agree that adding presumed death information
               | to these records will result in incorrect dates of death
               | appearing on these Numident records, we do not agree it
               | poses a significant risk of erroneously recording death
               | information on living numberholders' records. For
               | example, we see little risk in adding presumed death
               | information to the millions of Numident records belonging
               | to individuals born in the 1800s who haven't worked or
               | received SSA payments in more than 50 years._
               | 
               | > _SSA determined the estimated $5.5 to $9.7 million in
               | expenditures to correct these errors was too costly to
               | implement and that the effort would have limited benefit
               | to the administration of SSA programs. We acknowledge
               | that almost none of the numberholders discussed in the
               | report currently receive SSA payments. However, SSA
               | issued each of these individuals a valid SSN and these
               | SSNs could allow for a wide range of potential abuse._
               | 
               | [0] https://oig.ssa.gov/assets/uploads/a-06-21-51022.pdf#
               | page10
        
             | Amezarak wrote:
             | We all know that Musk is not someone with a strong
             | commitment to the truth. We all know he's a grifter. How
             | long has FSD been coming now? What was the deal with the
             | diver?
             | 
             | But so much of these DOGE criticisms are simply reflexive
             | "Musk bad." There is no a priori reason why it's unlikely
             | that a small amount of people are being paid benefits out
             | of a byzantine bureaucratic system that's almost a hundred
             | years old.
             | 
             | Just a few years ago, I was listening to a story on NPR
             | about SSI fraud (also administered by the SSA) and how
             | common it was. Now, apparently we're all convinced all
             | government agencies contain approximately zero fraud, or at
             | least detectable-by-Musk fraud, simply because it's the
             | cause du jour. It's totally bizarre to read these HN
             | stories (I flag most of them) and people are making totally
             | unfounded claims on the processes, controls, and operation
             | of government IT systems, apparently assuming they are just
             | as good as what exists at Meta or Google. Well, I have
             | personal experience, and maybe my program was an outlier,
             | but these people seem to have extremely rosy expectations,
             | and often have no idea how the government works even in
             | theory ("there's an IG to find things like this!").
             | 
             | It's really exhausting and disappointing. DOGE can be a
             | misguided operation run by a grifter that misreports
             | findings and will never save the amount of money promised
             | _and_ a lot of stuff in the government can be awful,
             | missing even basic controls.
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | > But so much of these DOGE criticisms are simply
               | reflexive "Musk bad."
               | 
               | I mean, these are your own words:
               | 
               | > DOGE can be a misguided operation run by a grifter that
               | misreports findings
               | 
               | And that's the main issue and criticism, not that
               | everyone believes that the government is perfect
        
               | Amezarak wrote:
               | But people aren't saying that. Instead, they're just
               | inventing reasons why Musk is wrong, with no evidence or
               | invented evidence, like the subject of this article.
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | Because Musk has already given ample evidence of how
               | wrong he is on multiple accounts.
               | 
               | It's on _Musk_ to provide evidence for his extraordinary
               | claims. So far that evidence has been in very short
               | supply.
        
               | Amezarak wrote:
               | Yes, but people are just _making stuff up_ about why he's
               | wrong. That is literally no better.
               | 
               | You may as well just suspend judgement about these
               | claims. No amount of evidence is going to convince most
               | people here: we saw that with the Hunter laptop, where
               | the goalposts moved with each additional proof the
               | smallest amount possible.
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | "No amount of evidence" does not equal "no evidence".
               | 
               | In case of Hunter laptop there was a grand jury, an FBI
               | investigation, a criminal case, a joint investigation by
               | _two_ Republican committees against Joe Biden etc. etc.
               | 
               | What evidence has Musk provided?
        
               | buttercraft wrote:
               | Are these made up?
               | 
               | https://www.forbes.com/sites/conormurray/2025/02/10/elon-
               | mus...
        
               | Amezarak wrote:
               | This is not a good article. The Reuters and Politico
               | examples, for instance, are particularly tendentious.
               | Overpaying for subscriptions, or buying unnecessary
               | subscriptions is exactly how such payments would operate.
        
               | thordenmark wrote:
               | Tons of evidence released already, even if you've only
               | been casually following DOGE. And for some, no amount of
               | evidence will ever be enough. Why is it so hard to
               | believe an agency as big and inefficient as the US Govt.
               | would have plenty of waste?
        
               | lostdog wrote:
               | I love comments about there being "tons" of evidence
               | without pointing to a single piece of it. Few things make
               | me chuckle as hard as this.
        
               | cjkarr wrote:
               | I've been waiting for that evidence. All I see is a
               | message stating "Receipts coming over the weekend!"
               | 
               | https://doge.gov/savings
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | Nope, there's no evidence. There's an endless list of
               | something cut, with no evidence that it was wasteful,
               | fraud, or not within the remit of the agencies in
               | question.
               | 
               | Like this one:
               | https://x.com/DOGE/status/1890593889314038216
               | 
               | Or claims with literally no evidence other than the
               | tweets like this:
               | https://x.com/DOGE/status/1890849405932077378
        
               | svachalek wrote:
               | I started out with a similar position, but so far
               | everything I've heard out of DOGE is either:
               | 
               | 1. Misrepresenting congressionally approved expenditures
               | he royally disapproves of as "fraud"
               | 
               | 2. Misleading, under-researched, unsupported statistics
               | as "waste"
               | 
               | The longer this goes on, the more impressed I am with our
               | government. I had no idea it would be this hard to find
               | anything legitimate to attack.
        
               | kolanos wrote:
               | > 1. Misrepresenting congressionally approved
               | expenditures he royally disapproves of as "fraud"
               | 
               | This seems dubious to me. In almost all congressional
               | expenditures the funds allocated are done so at a
               | department level with broad statutes applied. It is
               | largely left up to that department to decide what to
               | actually do with those funds specifically. It seems like
               | a stretch to characterize this as "congressionally
               | approved" and more like an abdication by congress on
               | large swaths of government spending.
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | There is of course a feedback loop here. It's not like
               | they get a check and no one ever looks to see what it was
               | spent on. Congress has multiple levels of oversight over
               | these agencies, including several congressional
               | Committees (House and Senate), inspectors general, and
               | whistleblowers. This oversight serves to minimize fraud,
               | waste, and abuse.
        
         | russdill wrote:
         | Also they do a heck of a lot more than retirement benefits. And
         | really, it could actually be a survivor benefit and the
         | deceased person could have been born 150 years ago and the
         | survivor still living.
        
         | masswerk wrote:
         | Let's say, someone grew up in an orphanage in the 1940s with an
         | unknown date of birth. This was before any computer systems and
         | the date would have been recorded on punch-card, probably in
         | 2+3 digits, here defaulting to `00` for the year for a missing
         | value. It's plausible that this would have been transitioned
         | as-is to any more modern date encodings.
        
         | Aloisius wrote:
         | After much searching, I found documentation on SSA's Master
         | Beneficiary Records format from after the Y2K update.
         | 
         | Date of Birth in some of these records is stored as days since
         | January 1, 1800. There's no reference to 1875 anywhere. See
         | section 2.3 Date formats:
         | 
         | https://omb.report/icr/200704-0960-012/doc/2576801
        
           | masswerk wrote:
           | But it was common to encode missing two-digits data as
           | something in the high-90s, maybe specifying a reason in the
           | least significant digit. (I was taught to do so at university
           | and did so myself for a project.) So, if the start date is
           | indeed 1880, the code for missing date could still have been
           | 95.
        
         | ein0p wrote:
         | As a person to whom all of this is "clear", and who
         | "understands" everything, could you please explain how a system
         | whose entire function depends on knowing the person's birth
         | date would function without knowing the birth date?
        
       | NoPicklez wrote:
       | The part of all of this which I have a problem with from the
       | outside, is that it seems extremely irresponsible to address the
       | White House and the public to say you have found people that are
       | 150 years old receiving social security payments in such a
       | provocative way. As if you have so simply stumbled across this
       | error that has gone unnoticed.
       | 
       | There's been no formal inquiry, there was no mention of any of
       | the checks and balances that may have been occurring, there's
       | been no nuance to the argument from him at all. Okay maybe there
       | are people that look to be 150 years old, is there a reason why?
       | Were they actually being paid the social security or was there a
       | legitimate exception? Maybe people were but it was so few and far
       | between and was an internal controls issue which all governments
       | and companies have globally or was none of it true and your team
       | simply assumed they were being paid.
       | 
       | After reading an article where Gov security experts were worried
       | because they were having to give Elon's team access to Putty and
       | SQL tools. It seems like people are going through this data and
       | making inferences that may not be completely true or vetted.
        
         | trymas wrote:
         | > ... it seems extremely irresponsible to address the White
         | House and the public to say ...
         | 
         | It's simple as:
         | 
         | 1. They don't care;
         | 
         | 2. It fits their agenda;
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | Exactly. Statements like this have been used to approve new
           | programs and legislation that in at least one case led to
           | sweeping profiling and the incorrect retraction of government
           | benefits, causing tens of thousands to end up in poverty and
           | debt and the consequent issues of divorce, children removed
           | from parents, even suicides: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du
           | tch_childcare_benefits_scand...
           | 
           | This all started when a group of Bulgarian migrants took
           | advantage of a loophole, registering as residents for a small
           | amount of time and defrauding the government for about EUR4
           | million. The price tag to set it right again was EUR7.4
           | billion as of last year: https://nos.nl/artikel/2503966-de-
           | toeslagenaffaire-van-een-m...
           | 
           | What I'm trying to say is that right-wing / populist talking
           | points can and will lead to sweeping reform with long term
           | and far reaching consequences. For a few years we had an era
           | of fact checking where these statements were immediately
           | marked, but all the services have removed it again. I'm
           | honestly surprised Twitter still has community notes.
        
           | sumo89 wrote:
           | And there's no punishment for being wrong. Even a newspaper
           | has to publish official apologies, not that anyone bothers to
           | read them. He could say the sky is red on that platform and
           | there's nothing anyone could do to force him to change it or
           | admit he's wrong.
        
         | hassleblad23 wrote:
         | Have they revealed how many people actually fall in that
         | category? Agreed that more nuance is necessary.
        
           | ddxv wrote:
           | He recently shared the usual X style cropped screenshot which
           | implied millions of records "where death is false" and the
           | rows age appeared to be 110+
           | 
           | As someone who uses databases everyday, there's always nuance
           | to data, especially when you're trying to simplify data for a
           | small report. Hard to believe there are millions of records
           | so obviously wrong.
        
             | chrisco255 wrote:
             | I wouldn't put it past our government. Who ever even looks
             | at this stuff? Nobody cares to look when they're spending
             | other people's money. Traditionally the play has been:
             | don't rock the boat and you keep your job for life.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | Office of the Inspector General looks at this stuff.
               | 
               | Trump fired 17 of them:
               | 
               | https://campaignlegal.org/update/significance-firing-
               | inspect...
               | 
               | > This blatantly illegal and incredibly concerning mass
               | firing removes the only independent offices within
               | agencies designed to protect taxpayer money and root out
               | corruption, fraud, waste and mismanagement.
               | 
               | I also posted the 2022 report the office generated
               | elsewhere in the thread, a follow up to their 2015
               | report.
        
               | gscott wrote:
               | > Office of the Inspector General looks at this stuff.
               | 
               | I wish that were the case, if it was these date of births
               | would have already been fixed. Sounds like they fired 17
               | useless employees and can split the work of the 17
               | amongst 150 other employees.
        
               | wruza wrote:
               | Sounded like "out of 25", but just for context:
               | 
               |  _With approximately 1,600 employees, the HHS-OIG
               | performs audits, investigations, and evaluations to
               | recommend policy for decision-makers and the public._
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | There's OIGs for different departments.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General
               | _(U...
        
               | wruza wrote:
               | I quoted this exact article. It seems almost a tradition
               | to fire all heads of OIGs after elections, from all sorts
               | of presidents.
        
               | BryantD wrote:
               | The cited examples are Reagan and Bush, both of whom
               | relented to some degree after Congress pushed back. Obama
               | fired one IG, with stated cause. And of course, in 2022,
               | Congress passed a law requiring 30 days advance notice to
               | Congress. So perhaps traditional but also fairly clearly
               | violating the 2022 law.
        
             | Muromec wrote:
             | With US not having centralized vital records registry and
             | also not having demographyc registry and not issuing id
             | cards out of principle -- it's pretty easy to have
             | consistency issues on the scale of millions.
             | 
             | Add the fact that people also move to other countries and
             | US government may not even know somebody died, because
             | death was not reigistered in US.
        
           | gscott wrote:
           | At the very least Social Security should try to get the
           | correct birth dates and verify these folks are alive. Because
           | it sounds like no one is checking and fixing this. If you
           | were running social security and you see people have no date
           | of birth and they come up as 150 years old, you fix it.
           | Apparently that basic thing is not happening and Elon musk is
           | calling this out. I see no problem with fixing it.
        
             | loktarogar wrote:
             | There's opportunity cost in fixing it. The problem is we
             | don't know if it's actual fraud. The SSA might, or they
             | might not. It might not actually be a problem, or a problem
             | that is an acceptable cost of running the agency. It might
             | even be a cost that's acceptable to the country, given all
             | the complexities involved (that we don't know about)
             | 
             | That's the problem with ALL the things Musk is coming out
             | with. We just don't know! We don't know how much we are
             | "losing" to them, we don't know know how serious these
             | problems are. We don't know the context.
             | 
             | We're just getting thrown little bites of information. They
             | sound ridiculous! They are! A lot of things can sound
             | ridiculous if you say them out of context. He's saying a
             | lot of stuff where the listener can go "well, yeah,
             | obviously we should fix that". It's the "common sense" play
             | of the right wing. Yes, it's hard to disagree with. It
             | might be right, and we might need to fix it. It also might
             | not be the best use of our time, energy and money to fix.
             | We _don 't know_ what the opportunity cost is.
        
         | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
         | ,,Social Security isn't paying out to 150-year-olds, it's
         | paying out to people whose birthdays we don't even know" is not
         | exactly reassuring.
         | 
         | How is it possible that the db contains records with such a
         | vital datum missing? How is it possible that SSNs aren't
         | unique? I can't come up with an explanation that doesn't boil
         | down to either negligence or fraud.
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | How is it possible that your code contains bugs? I think that
           | question may have the same answer.
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | Looks like you never touched any system with real life data
           | 
           | Edit: the link below gives more information on ssns. SSNs so
           | far been unique, but there are some issues
        
             | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
             | Thats not how SSNs are supposed to work at all.
        
             | zettabomb wrote:
             | SSNs are not reused: https://www.ssa.gov/history/hfaq.html
        
               | raverbashing wrote:
               | Thanks, very informative link
        
               | Yoric wrote:
               | I don't know how it happens in the US, but in France,
               | during several years, I had an error-code SSN. My papers
               | had been misfiled at birth, due to the unreadable writing
               | of the cleric who recorded my birth, and it took 2-3
               | years to fix this.
               | 
               | This error-code SSN was full of 0s, so obviously shared
               | with others.
               | 
               | I wouldn't be surprised if some migrants waiting for
               | confirmation of paperwork also had some shared temporary
               | special-code SSN.
        
           | throwanem wrote:
           | You ask in effect: 'How is it that a data collection
           | 
           | - whose cardinality is well into the hundreds of millions,
           | likely close to half a billion (500,000,000);
           | 
           | - which has been maintained for now just about exactly a
           | hundred years;
           | 
           | - which predates birth certificates and birth records being
           | common across large swaths of the country (not predates their
           | systematization or encoding, but predates their reliable
           | _existence_ );
           | 
           | - which for a lot of its history has been maintained by hand,
           | 
           | should come to have occasional inconsistencies?'
           | 
           | So framed in knowledge of the Social Security
           | Administration's history, I confide the question may reveal
           | its own answer.
        
             | mike_hearn wrote:
             | That's not what he's asking. He's asking why there
             | apparently isn't a standard process to locate and clean
             | missing data through investigation, assuming that's the
             | issue.
             | 
             | Bear in mind that social security fraud is a major problem
             | in many countries and impossibly old people is a usual
             | indicator. The famous "blue zones" that were once studied
             | for their long lived people are now believed to mostly be
             | an artifact of undetected pensions fraud.
        
               | thecopy wrote:
               | >now believed to mostly be an artifact of undetected
               | pensions fraud
               | 
               | Im genuinely curious about this, would you mind sharing
               | references?
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | See my nearby comment [1] with links and context on the
               | study to which GP is referring. Tl;dr: the claim is not
               | supported.
               | 
               | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43076455
        
               | zettabomb wrote:
               | >a standard process to locate and clean missing data
               | through investigation
               | 
               | I understood GP as saying that this data _is_ the best,
               | cleanest data available. If nothing better exists, then
               | record what you have. If that means some fields are
               | blank, well then they 're blank - you'll have to deal
               | with this for country-sized databases, one way or
               | another.
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | > That's not what he's asking. He's asking why there
               | apparently isn't a standard process to locate and clean
               | missing data through investigation, assuming that's the
               | issue.
               | 
               | If that's what he was trying to ask, then I have, as
               | detailed above, some notes on the attempt. But the myth
               | that Social Security numbers were ever designed to work
               | even half-assedly well as a single national ID number
               | will never die, I suppose.
               | 
               | > Bear in mind that social security fraud is a major
               | problem in many countries and impossibly old people is a
               | usual indicator. The famous "blue zones" that were once
               | studied for their long lived people are now believed to
               | mostly be an artifact of undetected pensions fraud.
               | 
               | I can't really evaluate Newman's preprint [1] with much
               | confidence, but it's only been out since September, and
               | the Ig Nobel isn't peer review. Given also that the US
               | state with the largest count of "supercentennarians" in
               | Newman's data, Iowa, has a whopping _37_ [2] of them, you
               | 're stretching this piece of un-peer-reviewed research
               | far past anything it could reasonably be asked to support
               | - hence, I suspect, the "are now believed" passive-voice
               | weaseling in your claim quoted above.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/704080v3
               | 
               | [2] As given "1.25e-05" (p. 5, ibid.) or 12.5 per
               | million, for a population just over three million. I've
               | taken the liberty of rounding down on the assumption we
               | are not meant to be counting fractional
               | supercentennarians.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | SSNs were designed to act as a national ID number for the
               | purposes of the social security system. It's in the name.
               | Why are you describing this as a "myth"? Do you think the
               | people who designed that system sat down and said, right
               | boys, how can we half-ass this?
               | 
               | Peer review hardly means anything in these sorts of
               | fields but seeing as you asked, the same guy has
               | previously published peer-reviewed papers on fraud in
               | Blue Zones research. Here's a press release with some
               | references:
               | 
               | https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ioe/news/2024/sep/ucl-demographers-
               | wor...
               | 
               |  _> Dr Newman has previously disproved a 2016 study
               | published in Nature on extreme-age research that
               | accidentally rounded off a substantial amount of its data
               | to zero. His peer-reviewed paper demonstrated that if
               | corrected, this error eliminated the core findings
               | claiming that human lifespan had a defined limit. Then,
               | Dr Newman also countered a 2018 paper which made the
               | opposite claim and, in the process, demonstrated a
               | theoretical result predicting that patterns in old-age
               | data are likely to be dominated by errors.
               | 
               | In investigating this theory, Dr Newman demonstrated
               | fundamental and comedic mismatches between longevity
               | claims and observed patterns. In the process, Dr Newman
               | revealed that the well-publicised "Blue Zones" claims for
               | the secrets of longevity are infallibly flawed.
               | 
               | Dr Newman showed that the highest rates of achieving
               | extreme old age are predicted by high poverty, the lack
               | of birth certificates, and fewer 90-year-olds. Poverty
               | and pressure to commit pension fraud were shown to be
               | excellent indicators of reaching ages 100+ in a way that
               | is 'the opposite of rational expectations'._
        
               | cm2187 wrote:
               | But mostly given that the primary condition for receiving
               | social security is age, it doesn't inspire confidence
               | that they are making payment without having any age data.
        
               | Muromec wrote:
               | They probably do have reasonabke checks in place, likely
               | done manually when applying. Just because the computer
               | doesn't have it in a searchable database doesn't mean the
               | system as a whole doesnt know
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | Why would they not add a birthday to the DB after making
               | the age check?
        
               | Muromec wrote:
               | I obviously can't know why, but apparently the system
               | allows to keep receiving benefits without the date being
               | present in the database and maybe even claim benefits
               | without the date being present, which is why.
               | 
               | Maybe the data was there initially, but was deleted or
               | lost for technical reasons, for example the date was
               | incomplete, e.g. only the year of birth was known, but
               | not the exact day and then was dropped to null as invalid
               | during some kind of upgrade.
               | 
               | Maybe the data was not possible to enter into the system
               | for technical reasons -- somebody didn't have access,
               | something was down, the next shift was supposed to enter
               | it once the system was back up. Maybe the same, but for
               | process reasons, for example setting the date requires
               | attaching the birth certificate and the birth certificate
               | is lost.
               | 
               | Maybe the data was intended to be entered, but somebody
               | forgot to actually do it, was waiting for birth
               | certificate to be produced, but approved the benefits
               | provisionally.
               | 
               | Maybe the birth certificate was shown to the official,
               | but was of the wrong kind (handwritten extract, foreign
               | document without consular legalization, damaged,
               | illegible or incomplete date), so it was legit enough to
               | start paying benefits but not legit enough to upload to
               | the server. Maybe the date was conflicting with other
               | records somehow. Maybe there was a court decision
               | involved which determined eligibility for benefits but
               | didn't determine exact date of birth.
               | 
               | The key point here -- the system allows for this kind of
               | inconsistency (benefits are being paid, but the date is
               | not present) and relies on a human process to eventually
               | reach a consistent state, but the process failed and
               | nobody really cares to rectify it as long as benefits are
               | being paid.
               | 
               | That's assuming the benefits are actually paid to those
               | people and the organization is not aware of this data
               | issue and not investigating those people for fraud right
               | now.
               | 
               | In an organization big enough there is always this kind
               | of stuff happening (see "seeing like a bank"), which is
               | tolerated as long as statutory task is not compromised.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | This still seems bad to me because the SSA should not be
               | concerned with actual DOB, only DOB for the purposes of
               | SS benefits. This will be actual verified DOB in the vast
               | majority of cases, but we are talking about edge cases
               | here. If the SSA determines, by whatever procedure, that
               | someone is eligible for retirement benefits (meaning that
               | they are determined to be over 65), it is incredibly
               | sloppy not to insert some DOB in the SS DB.
        
               | Muromec wrote:
               | Of course it's sloppy to not have any date in the DB. The
               | thing is -- we don't know why exactly it happened and
               | what kind of procedure they follow or don't. Maybe there
               | is a scan of the certificate somewhere and it's illegible
               | and nobody cares, because it's not a problem really.
               | Benefits are mostly being paid to people eligible and any
               | effort to achieve better quality will waster more money
               | than is lost to fraud. That's of course _triggering_
               | every autistas mind, but so what?
               | 
               | It could also be that entries in the DB that are complete
               | are not exactly correct or even belong to real people and
               | of course there is fraud and corruption going on at least
               | somewhere.
        
               | tpm wrote:
               | > social security fraud is a major problem in many
               | countries
               | 
               | It is not a major problem, it is a minor problem blown
               | completely out of proportions by right-wing propaganda to
               | cover much bigger problems caused by power-grabbing, tax-
               | evading plutocracy.
               | 
               | > a standard process to locate and clean missing data
               | through investigation
               | 
               | What would that process look like assuming you are e.g.
               | trying to establish a DOB of a person born long time ago
               | in a country that does not exist anymore under wartime
               | conditions? Would that be cost effective?
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | Inconsistencies make sense.
             | 
             | But it also seems to fine to say "we aren't paying out any
             | more money for any inconsistent records till the person
             | comes forward and gives us the info to fix the records".
             | 
             | Obviously, if such a thing is done at scale, you need to
             | have the staff to handle all the phone calls etc in a
             | timely manner.
        
               | Muromec wrote:
               | It's not the fault of the person, there is no legal basis
               | to do so and it simply doesn't matter. Eventually
               | everyobe just does anyway.
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | Until what? The person produces records that don't exist?
               | 
               | Someone born in a cabin in the middle of the woods 90
               | years ago is not neccesarily going to have "info" to fix
               | their birth records (especially if non religious, so
               | there are no church records). They could give you a date,
               | but they aren't going to be in a position to prove it.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | In which case you review the details they can provide,
               | and if it looks likely legit you re-enable it.
               | 
               | However if their name is "bobby tables" and their date of
               | birth is 35th January 1806, and their only proof of that
               | is a handwritten note with star signs, you disable it
               | till either more proof is provided or a court makes a
               | final decision.
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | Meanwhile here in the real world, when the US government
               | arbitrarily refuses to honor its agreements - obligations
               | it has in good faith entered into, and which no other
               | party first violated - the dollar cracks. Only a very
               | stupid American (or Englishman) wants that. I concede
               | there are many very stupid Americans (and Englishmen) to
               | the fore just now. They are sadly no less stupid for such
               | prominence.
        
               | a0123 wrote:
               | "You just re-enable it".
               | 
               | What world do you people live in?
               | 
               | You do realise that the amount of "fraud" being
               | discovered barely registers as a rounding error, right?
               | That there is no significant amount being "wasted" here,
               | right?
               | 
               | And none of that is about government efficiency or
               | "saving money". Right?
               | 
               | Now that Elon has discovered all that fraud, how is the
               | economy working out for you? How is the price of eggs
               | doing? Have you finally become a millionaire now that all
               | this red tape is gone? When is it supposed to happen? Why
               | aren't you rich yet?
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | You are going to demand that these very old, often
               | suffering from dementia, strokes, Alzheimer's, etc...
               | Americans go out to the state capital to defend their
               | existence in front of a literal death panel? If they get
               | their benefits cut off they die.
               | 
               | Old people vote. There is no way Congress goes along with
               | a scheme like this.
        
               | figassis wrote:
               | I assume if social security is being paid and being
               | spent, someone has the ability to manage a bank account,
               | and that person then has a bank account, and the bank has
               | collected enough kyc info to satisfy this correct? If
               | not, at least there is a person on the other side that is
               | mentally able to verify their identity.
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | > not, at least there is a person on the other side that
               | is mentally able to verify their identity.
               | 
               | That wasn't the question though. There could be this
               | verified identity, good paper trail, bank records for
               | decades etc. And still exact date of birth can be unknown
               | and unknowable. Data lost to the mists of time.
        
               | a0123 wrote:
               | You do a lot of assuming for people who clearly have
               | never dealt with that sort of things.
               | 
               | Crazy how people will believe the weirdest customer
               | service stories (and have no problem relating because
               | we've all been in a kafkaesque situation) but the second
               | they can bash "the administration and civil servants" or
               | "random people who get a little bit of help and are NOT
               | me", all of that goes out the window and things are
               | supposed to be perfect and run smoothly.
        
               | amiga386 wrote:
               | Just to bring up a parallel, there was a influx of
               | migration from the Caribbean to Britain between 1948 and
               | 1970. These people were wanted and welcomed. A large
               | proportion were children. The only records of their
               | identity were held on paper by the UK government. They
               | were called the _Windrush generation_ , because the
               | earliest of them crossed the ocean on HMT _Empire
               | Windrush_.
               | 
               | The UK government then LOST their paper records.
               | 
               | In 2018, under the "hostile environment policy" set by
               | Theresa May, the UK government started legally
               | threatening these immigrants, and asked them to prove
               | their settled status -- despite that same government
               | having lost the only records that could prove that. The
               | government then tried sending some "home" to countries
               | they'd barely seen as a child and had zero family or
               | friends in, and zero prospects.
               | 
               | This was the
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windrush_scandal
               | 
               | > The March 2020 independent Windrush Lessons Learned
               | Review, conducted by the inspector of constabulary Wendy
               | Williams, concluded that the Home Office had shown
               | "ignorance and thoughtlessness" and that what had
               | happened had been "foreseeable and avoidable".
               | 
               | Ignorance and thoughtlessness. Foreseeable and avoidable.
               | Does that sound similar to what's happening today?
        
               | thecopy wrote:
               | Are we optimizing for nice and clean database table
               | constraints over paying out welfare to people who need
               | it?
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | Theirs is the "foolish consistency" whatsisname was on
               | about, the hobgoblin one.
        
               | Cthulhu_ wrote:
               | I'm confident they don't just pay someone if their data
               | is inconsistent; the database is not the only source of
               | truth.
               | 
               | The next question then becomes, how much does it cost to
               | fix these inconsistencies? I'm also 99% confident that
               | there's a small army of people that work to do so
               | already, that is, fix and work with and around the
               | inconsistencies.
        
               | yaur wrote:
               | back in the 1920s and 30s it wasn't uncommon for people
               | to be born at home and social security numbers wouldn't
               | have been obtained at birth because there were no social
               | security numbers yet. In some cases data of birth is
               | uncertain e.g. summer of 1934 or 35. IN such cases any
               | written record is likely to be at least unofficial and
               | more than likely non-existent.
        
             | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
             | > which predates birth certificates and birth records being
             | common across large swaths of the country
             | 
             | All true, but you underestimate severity of the problem by
             | a large margin if you assume that it is confined to the
             | USA, a fairly affluent and bureaucratically stable country.
             | 
             | People in USA databases aren't necessarily born in the USA.
             | Refugees by definition don't come from situations with
             | stability.
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | I can't tell what argument you're trying to advance here.
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | " large swaths of the country" -> Internal to the
               | country. it's worse, it's not purely an internal problem.
               | 
               | I mean that people in USA databases aren't necessarily
               | born in the USA. That the USA's record-keeping is better
               | than many countries. And that many people go to the USA
               | because of instability that is incompatible with good
               | record-keeping. Same with UK, EU or any other western
               | country.
               | 
               | Western culture makes more of a persons "Birthday" than
               | some others.
               | 
               | I have edited the above comment to clarify.
        
             | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
             | According to the Social Security database there are
             | 20,789,589 living people over the age of 100.
             | 
             | According to the last US census that number was about
             | 90,00.
             | 
             | Are you ok with sending social security checks to 20
             | million dead people?
        
               | loktarogar wrote:
               | Do we send Social Security checks to everyone in the
               | Social Security database?
        
               | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
               | There is a flag that marks an entry as active. If that
               | flag was set to inactive, there wouldn't be an issue.
        
               | loktarogar wrote:
               | I'm not worried about Social Security knowing if everyone
               | in their DB is alive or not. I am only worried about dead
               | people still receiving funds. How many of those 20
               | million are receiving funds?
               | 
               | If someone is marked alive incorrectly and is not
               | receiving funds, I do not care if that data is bad. It's
               | not ideal, but it's not an actual problem.
        
               | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
               | Yes, the issue is if there is social security fraud, not
               | if someone is incorrectly filed as alive. We will see how
               | much of it was fraudulent once the suspicious database
               | entries have been investigated.
        
               | loktarogar wrote:
               | So it's not 20 million checks, then?
        
           | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
           | > How is it possible that the db contains records with such a
           | vital datum missing?
           | 
           | This is a weird question. How would you even go about finding
           | out an unknown date of birth? Especially when it happened >
           | 50 years ago and half the world away.
           | 
           | For whom is it "vital" ? Will it prevent me from going about
           | my daily business?
           | 
           | See also: Why are so many people born on the 1st of January?
           | It's a statistically impossible number.
           | 
           | A: Because they know their approximate year of birth, only.
        
           | tpm wrote:
           | > How is it possible that the db contains records with such a
           | vital datum missing?
           | 
           | It might not be missing, it also can be unknown and
           | unknowable. There are people with their date of birth not
           | recorded or recorded only approximately. It happens when the
           | date is recorded on a piece of a paper in a building that
           | then burns down or during natural or human-made catastrophes.
           | Or it might not be recorded at all, or only some parts are
           | missing (like the day of the month). Working for a different
           | public administration, it's so common we have a special date
           | type for that.
        
             | d1sxeyes wrote:
             | Or a definitely wrong value was removed but there's nothing
             | to correct it with.
             | 
             | For example, if someone was registered with a birth date of
             | 02/18/1458, or has a birth certificate with that on it.
             | Bear in mind that humans make mistakes, and the people who
             | issue birth certificates or type them up are humans.
             | 02/18/1458 is patently wrong, but what do you do? Just
             | guess that someone misread a 9 as a 4? What if the person
             | in front of you is clearly too young (or old) to have been
             | born in 1958?
             | 
             | You can't just revoke someone's social security because
             | someone screwed up.
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | You think it is not possible that people born in homesteads
           | in the 1920s and 1930s in rural and isolated communities
           | don't have birth records? Or immigrants from countries that
           | didn't have paper birth records?
        
           | sensanaty wrote:
           | I know a few people that don't have an official birth date.
           | My brother in law is Papuan and no one in his village has an
           | official birth year or date since they just don't keep track
           | of it, so when he got his first official government ID at a
           | much later stage of his life, he chose an arbitrary date
           | cause it means nothing to him. He's probably around 35-40,
           | but his birthday says he's in his 60s.
           | 
           | It's not all that rare even in the West, especially for older
           | people. Records get lost or never get collected in the first
           | place.
        
           | nkrisc wrote:
           | My grandmother was born in the 1930s in Chicago (second most
           | populous US city at the time) and she never even knew exactly
           | what year she was born in. It's fairly common.
        
           | a0123 wrote:
           | Yeah, who's ever heard of an incomplete database or a
           | database that barely holds together and has had to have weird
           | adjustments done to it in order to avoid fucking up other
           | bits of data?
           | 
           | We can tell you've never touched a database or worked in
           | tech.
           | 
           | Not that there is any shame in that. But the same way I keep
           | my opinion to myself when my doctor gives me my diagnosis,
           | people who have never handled a database really should follow
           | that advice.
           | 
           | A local library can barely keep its database straight and
           | it's very slightly easier than a database containing millions
           | of people's information. Dozens of millions.
        
         | figassis wrote:
         | Problem with this is, if or when they are proven wrong, it will
         | be very privately, no one will ever hear about it. It will be
         | lost in the noise of "we found lots of fraud". And no one will
         | be able to get as straight an answer as the accusation. So no
         | actual consequences for difamation. If feel like this is an
         | issue with all politicians. They accuse very loudly, admit
         | wrongdoing very quietly or never.
        
         | aredox wrote:
         | Reminder that Musk once wrote an email to buzzfeed stating ""I
         | suggest that you call people you know in Thailand, find out
         | what's actually going on and stop defending child rapists, you
         | fucking asshole", about Vernon Unsworth, the man who saved 12
         | children from dying in the Tham Luang cave. He had no proof and
         | went on to accuse him of not even being a diver.
         | 
         | https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanmac/elon-musk-thai-...
         | https://www.ccn.com/5-saucy-elon-musk-revelations-in-explosi...
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | And then won a legal case by arguing that it was just a
           | generic insult not a specific allegation (and having
           | expensive lawyers).
        
         | rcbdev wrote:
         | What are you saying or referring to? The Stackexchange posting
         | you're replying to does not refer to the U.S. government at all
         | as far as I can tell. How do you connect the link you're
         | responding to to the White House at all?
        
           | suddenlybananas wrote:
           | https://nypost.com/video/elon-musk-claims-some-recipients-
           | of...
        
         | dathinab wrote:
         | Musk doesn't care about
         | 
         | - correctness of information
         | 
         | - completeness of information
         | 
         | - nounces of formulation
         | 
         | - accidental misleading people
         | 
         | he has more then once verbatim repeated or re-posted conspiracy
         | theories, including trivially disprovable which also don't pass
         | the common sense check (i.e things you only "fall" for if you
         | either act extremely reckless and negligent or intentionally
         | fall for it as it pushes your ideology no matter how wrong it
         | is)
        
       | jiggawatts wrote:
       | I like this comment:
       | 
       |  _----
       | 
       | There was a time when data structures were made to fit purpose,
       | not compilers. Having a look at the subject, shows clearly the
       | constrains for valid dates:                   Social Security was
       | introduced in 1935.         To be eligible for benefits one had
       | to             pay in at least 40 quarters, that's 10 years
       | be at least 65 years old
       | 
       | This means the first regular beneficiaries of social security
       | payments were 65 in 1945, aka of the 1880 cohort. Virtually noone
       | participating in this system can be born before 1880. Anyone
       | older will not most likely not be a beneficiary, and anyone
       | younger (aka still paying in) will be, well, younger.
       | 
       | So add another 5 years for wiggle room and we end at a nice round
       | 1875 as earliest year for any birthday to be recorded.
       | 
       | A perfect rational base for a date entry, isn't it?
       | 
       | ----_
       | 
       | The "COBOL doesn't work like that" comments are missing the
       | forest for the trees: This is a _very_ old system with bespoke
       | coding to match legislation, not legislation to match compiler
       | default behaviour.
       | 
       | Fundamentally, unless a government employee that has worked
       | directly on this codebase speaks up, we're all just guessing.
        
       | Sniffnoy wrote:
       | However, the MUMPS programming language (which is still commonly
       | used in various medical stuff) does use December 31, 1840 as its
       | epoch. (It doesn't have a separate date _type_ , but it does have
       | date-handling functions which operate on numbers and use this as
       | the epoch.)
        
       | totallynothoney wrote:
       | It's gonna be hilarious if: this is a data entry error (1957?),
       | the payments are to a surviving widow because the dates just fit
       | [0][1], simply the query was wrong, or more probably Musk just
       | lied.
       | 
       | [0].
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War_widows_who_...
       | [1]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_May_Fuller
        
       | dashundchen wrote:
       | Why are we taking Musk at his word when his current MO is to cast
       | doubt and mistrust on government spending?
       | 
       | Musk, Trump and the admin have already been pushing so many
       | outright lies via their propaganda channels. Despite being
       | deunked the lies are repeated nonstop.
       | 
       | The lie that USAID spent $50 million on condoms in Gaza (the
       | money was for running hospitals) for example.
       | 
       | Or the lie about funding an opera about a transgender woman (the
       | money was for a university in Columbia, unrelated to a
       | performance put on at the school).
       | 
       | They are spewing lies left and right. Lies go twice around the
       | block before the truth has put its pants on.
       | 
       | Why should we believe him on this?
        
         | EdiX wrote:
         | > Or the lie about funding an opera about a transgender woman
         | (the money was for a university in Columbia, unrelated to a
         | performance put on at the school).
         | 
         | You've got that wrong. The grant to fund the opera exists: http
         | s://www.usaspending.gov/award/ASST_NON_SCO20021GR3086_19....
         | Specifically the grant was given "to raise awareness and
         | increase the transgender representation through the opera As
         | One, by American composer Laura Kaminsky".
         | 
         | The lie in this case would be that USAID awarded the grant, it
         | was awarded by the Department of State instead.
        
       | roshin wrote:
       | This is why I like hn. Many times I read about all of the
       | horrible things that the current administration does. Due to so
       | many cases where I know the news is wrong I stopped trusting
       | anything. However, I feel like here I can let my guard down a bit
       | and be more certain that a specific criticism is true.
        
         | moralestapia wrote:
         | >that a specific criticism is true
         | 
         | Or false, in this case.
        
       | paulsutter wrote:
       | Here's a tweet from Elon with a table of ages of all people
       | marked not deceased who are collecting social security
       | 
       | (hint: there is a smooth trend of people of all ages up to 199,
       | so the 1875 thing was pure misdirection)
       | 
       | https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1891350795452654076?s=46&t=NN3...
        
         | qingcharles wrote:
         | This comment definitely needs to be bumped up. It adds extra
         | data to the mystery.
         | 
         | Here's the raw data:                 Age Range,Count
         | 0-9,38825456       10-19,44326480       20-29,47995478
         | 30-39,52106915       40-49,47626581       50-59,45740805
         | 60-69,46381281       70-79,33404412       80-89,15165127
         | 90-99,6054154       100-109,4734407       110-119,3627007
         | 120-129,3472849       130-139,3936311       140-149,3542044
         | 150-159,1345083       160-169,121807       170-179,6087
         | 180-189,695       190-199,448       200-209,879
         | 210-219,866       220-229,1039       240-249,1       360-369,1
         | 
         | Bar plot of data:
         | 
         | https://imgur.com/a/34Y5BSv
        
           | bloomingkales wrote:
           | If you assume all the non-deceased (as marked in the DB) are
           | still getting a SS check, then simply tallying up 65+ amounts
           | to a 8 trillion dollar social security payout annually. We
           | are definitely not paying that.
           | 
           | My guess is the deceased flag is different from the "eligible
           | for payout" flag, or that flag is determined on another join.
           | They spoke too quickly, which is a common human error.
           | 
           | Someone else smarter run some experiments.
        
             | ipv6ipv4 wrote:
             | This is the smoking gun that Musk has no understanding of
             | what he's looking at. A competent engineer would look at
             | these numbers, recognize that they don't match payments,
             | and shut up until they figure out the bigger picture that
             | can explain everything they see.
             | 
             | Instead, he raced to tweet it. This is just dumb.
        
               | qingcharles wrote:
               | Agree.
               | 
               | Some professional auditors on Reddit were saying how
               | often they go into a business and find a bunch of stuff
               | that immediately looks like fraud, then they go interview
               | knowledgeable employees and find a ton of weird
               | accounting edge cases which explains all the out-of-
               | bounds stuff.
               | 
               | But.. it sounds much better to the population if you
               | scream that you found $8Tn a year in fraud.
        
             | tayo42 wrote:
             | Quick Google search says 1.6 trillion will be paid this
             | year.
        
         | cafard wrote:
         | If I understand the post, these are persons who are marked not
         | deceased--it is not stated that they are receiving money,
         | though it may be implied. For example, there are some persons
         | under ten years of age who are receiving Social Security
         | benefits, as having lost one or two parents (survivor
         | benefits). The number certainly does not amount to 39 million.
        
         | jotux wrote:
         | From this: https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1891350795452654076
         | 
         | The sum of groups age 60-89: 94,950,820
         | 
         | The sum of all groups age 60-369: 121,794,498
         | 
         | From this: https://www.ssa.gov/oact/STATS/OASDIbenies.html
         | 
         | Number of beneficiaries receiving benefits on Dec 31, 2024:
         | 68,455,973
        
       | noobermin wrote:
       | I love how everyone is talking technical details whilst ignoring
       | where it came from. This eliding of context and focusing on a
       | technical question is a great way for people trying to cope with
       | either stress if you're against it or with criticism if you're
       | for it.
        
       | hans_castorp wrote:
       | I worked on a COBOL system in the early 90s that stored a one-
       | digit year :)
       | 
       | However, the records were never stored for more than 4 years, so
       | this was never a problem.
        
         | gsck wrote:
         | Who needs just one Y2K when you can have one every 10 years!
        
       | jamesrom wrote:
       | Musk said: "Crazy things like just cursory examination of Social
       | Security and we've got people in there that are 150 years old."
       | 
       | He qualified this claim as a "cursory examination". It's clearly
       | a comment about the quality of the data and systems. That this is
       | the kind of thing that would be prone to fraud.
       | 
       | Before you hit downvote, please provide evidence that you didn't
       | hallucinate Musk's claims here.
        
         | pavlov wrote:
         | But then he goes around saying he actually found massive
         | evidence of fraud. It's not like he tweets: "Guys, my
         | admittedly cursory examination gave me a feeling this old
         | system which I've never seen before could be prone to fraud."
         | 
         | What proof does he (or you) even have that a COBOL system is
         | particularly prone to fraud? The world's most important banks
         | still run many things on COBOL. Are you saying that bank
         | mainframes are full of IT fraud?
        
           | jamesrom wrote:
           | Who said a COBOL system is prone to fraud?
           | 
           | Incomplete and inaccurate data is prone to fraud. Talking
           | about COBOL is missing the point.
        
             | pavlov wrote:
             | The point is that a date set to 1875 is actually a null in
             | COBOL.
             | 
             | It doesn't mean the data is missing or inaccurate, any more
             | than a null reference in Java means your program is going
             | to segfault. It simply indicates that the data is not
             | present in this scope.
             | 
             | If Musk was posting: "Guys I just discovered they have tons
             | of null checks in their code here, that's obviously an
             | indication of fraud!" -- would that make any sense to you?
        
       | spullara wrote:
       | Y'all are trying to be very specific about this 150 year old
       | thing when there are vast number of people with ages above 100
       | that are in the database:
       | 
       | https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1891350795452654076
       | ...        100-109 4,734,407        110-119 3,627,007
       | 120-129 3,472,849        130-139 3,936,311        140-149
       | 3,542,044        150-159 1,345,083        160-169 121,807
       | 170-179 6,087        180-189 695        190-199 448
       | 200-209 879        210-219 866        220-229 1,039
       | 240-249 1        360-369 1
        
         | gloflo wrote:
         | And that means what?
         | 
         | Data values are nothing without the exact context in which they
         | were created and the exact context in which they are used.
         | That's like level 1 data analysis.
         | 
         | Publishing such data without context is deceitful.
        
           | mike_hearn wrote:
           | How is it published without context? We know that this is the
           | age field from the social security system. And that the query
           | omits records that are recorded as dead. Therefore, the
           | social security system in America has records that claimed to
           | be for people who are alive for whom the date of birth field
           | is incompatible with that status. That seems like quite a lot
           | of context, actually.
           | 
           | I don't know why some people are finding it so hard to accept
           | that there is likely to be fraud in this system. Look into
           | the determined origins of the so called blue zones to see
           | that every country has problems with this, albeit some more
           | than others. It's the government giving out free money, so
           | naturally it attracts very sophisticated fraud schemes and
           | civil servants are rarely motivated to track it down and
           | investigate properly.
        
             | troupo wrote:
             | How many of those are test data, simple clerical errors
             | (and how many of those are already in the process of being
             | rectified), and how many of those are in actual use (e.g.
             | how many actually use those SSNs in the wild)?
             | 
             | This is the important missing context. Musk can and does
             | _claim_ a lot. He rarely, if ever, provides any evidence or
             | context. And none of his or his team 's actions can be
             | verified or monitored.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | He does. That's what started this thread: he provided
               | evidence and context to back up his claims of widespread
               | government waste and fraud. What that got him was a bunch
               | of smears from people spreading misinformation about
               | COBOL.
               | 
               | Anyone else in the world would just stop sharing stuff
               | publicly given this kind of public abuse. There's no
               | requirement to do so. But Musk just shared evidence and
               | context again, by showing the output of the equivalent of
               | SELECT GROUP(age), COUNT(*) FROM SSNS WHERE DEAD = FALSE:
               | 
               | https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1891350795452654076
               | 
               | It shows approx 1.3 million SSNs in the 150-159 age
               | bucket, along with many millions more that are actually
               | over that age, and over 1000 SSNs allocated to people
               | over 200 years old, including one that is for someone
               | marked as 360-369 years old. There are over 20M people
               | listed as 100+ years old. Total sum is around 395M
               | people. Therefore there is no 1875 epoch and that claim
               | was simply misinformation.
               | 
               | So here's what we know given his statements:
               | 
               | 1. There are a lot of data entry errors in the SSN
               | database.
               | 
               | 2. These aren't test data, misinterpretations of an
               | epoch, etc.
               | 
               | 3. Such errors are extremely common and not being
               | rectified.
               | 
               | 4. Many SSNs aren't unique.
               | 
               | 5. There are far more records in the database than people
               | in America.
               | 
               | If we combine those statements with prior knowledge of
               | other related topics, we can infer:
               | 
               | * The data quality issues are much more extensive than
               | just age and number of records.
               | 
               | * Whatever processes are meant to ensure data quality
               | don't work.
               | 
               | * This was not previously known to the public.
               | 
               | * Civil servants know all this but are often unable to do
               | anything.
               | 
               | We also know that this situation is expected. It would be
               | much more crazy if Musk announced his team couldn't find
               | fraud in SS. Just look at the graph for payouts from the
               | American disability benefits system - it tracks general
               | economic performance. Other countries don't see such a
               | thing in their payouts, where improving economic
               | conditions magically make long term disabilities
               | disappear, but they also tend to be more aggressive at
               | cracking down on benefits fraud. The UK did a big purge
               | some years ago where every single person claiming
               | disability benefits was re-assessed.
               | 
               | Anytime someone comes in and does basic checks of
               | government finance systems they always find lots of very
               | basic stuff. At one point it was discovered, again in
               | Britain, that a Labour council was regularly paying
               | invoices multiple times and nobody had noticed for years.
               | Paying money out to dead or non-existent people is a
               | common problem in all such systems.
        
               | camjw wrote:
               | Given the pretty large scale fraud here, do you expect
               | people to go to prison for this? In the case that no-one
               | is prosecuted and no-one goes to prison, how would you
               | update your opinion on this story and on Elon in general?
        
               | Amezarak wrote:
               | Not speaking for GP, but even if this story is 100% true,
               | why would you think anyone would go to prison? Obviously,
               | nobody wants to clog up the court system with cases like
               | this, and the people are probably not wealthy enough to
               | fine or even claw the money back. I would just expect it
               | to be terminated. Fraud like this is almost never
               | prosecuted.
               | 
               | The only exception I'd see is if there are people who
               | have somehow gamed the system to collect multiple
               | payments at once.
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | It's not a "large scale fraud". This is:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_C._Conn?wprov=sfti1
        
               | colejohnson66 wrote:
               | His last name being "Conn" is very apt.
        
               | joshuahedlund wrote:
               | I think it's important to maintain curiosity rather than
               | assume "pretty large scale fraud" here. It seems very
               | likely that the vast majority of these old records are
               | not actually receiving active benefits, and even the few
               | that are may have valid reasons (ex living younger
               | spouses).
               | 
               | https://xcancel.com/ThatsMauvelous/status/189135619250239
               | 902...
        
               | diffeomorphism wrote:
               | > 5. There are far more records in the database than
               | people in America.
               | 
               | Isn't that entirely expected? Someone coming to the US on
               | a work visa gets assigned an SSN, works for some time and
               | then leaves.
        
               | swores wrote:
               | Plus when someone dies, they're more likely to set
               | "dead=1" or similar than to just delete all records about
               | them immediately.
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | > He does.
               | 
               | He doesn't. All he has shown is a list and claimed what
               | he claimed. Based on that alone you're ready to expound a
               | full theory spanning several pages of text.
               | 
               | And most of that text is trying to guess and to fill in
               | the context. None of your guesses are correct until shown
               | otherwise, and he hasn't shown anything except this list.
               | 
               | And yet we already know from his team's actions how
               | reckless they are and how far from the truth are the many
               | claims they make.
        
               | maweaver wrote:
               | Being in a database with "dead = false" is not the same
               | thing as being "on social security" (as in, receiving
               | money from the program). Sure it's a starting point for
               | investigation, but it's not by itself evidence of
               | widespread fraud.
        
               | tayo42 wrote:
               | I'm surprised on a comment section full of software
               | engineers this isn't more obvious. Whether or not your
               | receive the benefit would be business logic, why would
               | that be implemented in a data base?
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | > Such errors are extremely common and not being
               | rectified.
               | 
               | Two things to consider here: the first is that we don't
               | know if those records are actually tied to checks being
               | sent, and we don't know whether they're linked to people
               | who are still living (older men marrying younger women
               | wasn't uncommon). Anyone who's worked on systems like
               | this knows that you often have to review the entire
               | record and the code which uses it because over the
               | decades coders overloaded other fields on a fixed-size
               | record.
               | 
               | The other thing to keep in mind is that most federal
               | agencies have been underfunded for decades and government
               | systems have to be more careful about false positives
               | than false negatives. If they flag someone's record as
               | fraudulent and stop sending checks, that might mean some
               | 90 year old gets evicted or can't get the medical care
               | they need, which is both inhumane and also a big
               | political risk if their representatives or the media pick
               | up the story. If you don't have the staff to dig into
               | data correction, it's much safer to continue sending a
               | small amount of money than to cut them off when you don't
               | have a confirmation of death.
               | 
               | Quoting the generally critical IG report:
               | 
               | > Approximately 18.4 million (98 percent) numberholders
               | are not currently receiving SSA payments and have not had
               | earnings reported to SSA in the past 50 years (see Table
               | 2).
               | 
               | > The fact that these individuals were age 100 or older,
               | had no earnings in the past 50 years, and received no SSA
               | payments indicates they are deceased.
               | 
               | https://oig.ssa.gov/assets/uploads/a-06-21-51022.pdf
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | Yes, they're trying to figure out the actual money flows
               | at the moment. Musk just tweeted that the payment files
               | sent to the Treasury don't reconcile with the other
               | databases, so it's just going to be a huge mess working
               | out what's really going on.
               | 
               | The IG report you link is very useful! It confirms a lot
               | of what Musk has posted about the age buckets in the
               | database, proving there was never any misunderstanding of
               | the schema or epochs.
               | 
               | It does also say that many of the numbers without
               | accurate death data aren't being used to pay out, which
               | is why the SSA doesn't bother fixing them (which leads to
               | the question of what did cause the payouts to stop?). So,
               | the bad age/death data doesn't automatically imply
               | pensions fraud.
               | 
               | Nonetheless the OIG is in Musk's corner here (as of July
               | 2023). The reason is that even if SSA isn't paying out
               | their death data is used by the rest of the US government
               | to stop fraudulent payouts for benefits programmes after
               | death, and so the SSA not bothering to ensure data
               | quality opens up the rest of the government to fraud even
               | if we accept their claim that it's not causing them
               | problems directly. The OIG writes, _" SSA has not
               | established controls to annotate death information on the
               | Numident records of numberholders who exceeded maximum
               | reasonable life expectancies ... Death information
               | missing from the Numident and the [death master file]
               | hampers both SSA and Government-wide efforts to prevent
               | and detect fraud and misuse"_.
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | Let's go back to the original-ish discussion.
               | 
               | So, it was just data without context. And the important
               | context is:
               | 
               | - the issues with this data isn't unknown
               | 
               | - this data has already been investigated
               | 
               | - Musk's claims can be charitably called exaggerations.
               | Quote from the report that you say "is in Musk's court":
               | "We acknowledge that almost none of the numberholders
               | discussed in the report currently receive SSA payments"
        
               | enragedcacti wrote:
               | Those are all reasonable inferences only if _you are very
               | confident that you have the whole picture_. We (you, me,
               | and elon) obviously do not given that THIS WAS ALREADY
               | INVESTIGATED under Biden and under Obama before that!
               | Inferences 3 and 4 definitely wrong and 1 and 2 are
               | suspect as well.
               | 
               | https://oig.ssa.gov/assets/uploads/a-06-21-51022.pdf
               | 
               | >Other countries don't see such a thing in their payouts,
               | where improving economic conditions magically make long
               | term disabilities disappear
               | 
               | I don't know much about this but this could easily be
               | explained by policy differences. The US has extremely
               | strict income limits around disability:
               | 
               | > If you continue to work, your condition must also limit
               | you from earning income above an amount we call
               | "substantial gainful activity" (SGA). In 2024, SGA is
               | $1,550 per month
               | 
               | We literally quantify disability by economic output, it
               | would be insane not to expect disabilities to "disappear"
               | when the economy improves and pay rises. Does that mean
               | there is little to no fraud? Of course not, I know that I
               | don't know enough to claim that.
               | 
               | Both of these are great examples of the limits of this
               | "first principles" approach to complex legal and social
               | systems, and everyone should be extremely skeptical of
               | someone like Elon who is seemingly incapable of the self-
               | reflection necessary to realize he might not have the
               | whole picture.
        
             | contravariant wrote:
             | It all boils down to what you consider more likely. Someone
             | not quite understanding the data they're looking at or that
             | nobody noticed several tens of millions of dead people
             | receiving social security.
             | 
             | Whichever it is I would be very careful before making any
             | grand public statements about it. And as far as fraud goes
             | this doesn't sound anywhere near sophisticated.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | Those aren't the only two possibilities.
               | 
               | I guess it depends on how much prior knowledge someone
               | has of such problems. The correct explanation isn't
               | "nobody noticed", it's "people noticed but could
               | not/would not do anything about it". But how much you
               | know about these problems will depend where you get your
               | news from. If you never read right wing sources, you
               | aren't exposed to stories about benefits/grants fraud as
               | places like the Guardian or CNN just don't cover it, so
               | all this will appear fantastical and absurd. If you're
               | used to such stories then it all seems plausible and
               | normal.
               | 
               | These types of things usually have some aspects in
               | common. One is that front line workers, when asked in a
               | safe environment, will give enormous estimates for how
               | much of their payout is fraudulent. The people who are in
               | denial about it are usually the people at the top, not
               | the bottom. They don't ask, nobody tells, they don't want
               | to know because they'll be held accountable for it and
               | they fundamentally, ideologically, do not care about
               | waste or inefficiency, viewing it as preferable to even
               | one innocent person not getting their money.
               | 
               | I can't find it now but Musk has alleged similar things;
               | he got private estimates from civil servants that 50% of
               | the payouts from their department were probably fraud of
               | some kind (it might not have been SS, I don't remember),
               | and that the staff in charge of blocking payments at the
               | Treasury were told to never do so. This kind of thing is
               | what you'd expect. Often the front line civil servants
               | are frustrated by this situation, as it's their taxes
               | being wasted too. It's the people at the top who cover it
               | up.
        
               | contravariant wrote:
               | And in what scenario would it be a good idea to give all
               | defrauders a heads-up instead of going after potentially
               | millions of them?
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | Those two aren't incompatible! When you discover
               | financial fraud - in any context - you send the evidence
               | that alerted you to the fraud to the police so they can
               | build a prosecution case, and then cut off the money.
               | Stopping the money flow doesn't stop anyone from
               | prosecuting fraud that happened in the past.
        
               | contravariant wrote:
               | What worries me is that neither of those are mentioned to
               | have taken place.
               | 
               | And if they had I would expect more detailed 'proof' than
               | the single simplest SQL query one could think of.
               | 
               | Or actually I wouldn't expect any public statements at
               | all. Scoring quick political points is nowhere near worth
               | endangering the legal cases. Which could not be anywhere
               | close to even identifying the alleged fraudsters in such
               | a short amount of time.
               | 
               | You seem quite happy to find reasons for something you
               | expected to be true. Like I was happy to know he made a
               | silly mistake with epochs.
               | 
               | Excited by this I quickly tried and unfortunately
               | succeeded to falsify that information. Could you do me a
               | favour and try the same with your read of events?
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | Well it wouldn't be SQL they used as Musk tweeted
               | recently when someone mentioned SQL that:
               | 
               | > "This retard thinks the government uses SQL"
               | 
               | URL provided because if the country can be saved your
               | first reaction should still be "No way that actually
               | happened!", but it did:
               | 
               | https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1889062581848944961
               | 
               | Tweet submitted for HN discussion here :
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43078219
        
               | contravariant wrote:
               | Skepticism is obviously going to be my first response.
               | 
               | I was arguing it should be yours as well.
               | 
               | And you seem to want to go off-topic, again, but what
               | idiot would believe the U.S. government _doesn 't_ use
               | SQL? The U.S. government is the direct _cause_ of the
               | creation of SQL.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | I think you might be assuming I'm a different poster,
               | though not sure.
               | 
               | I just thought that when debating whether the information
               | provided by Musk was a simple SQL statement, and the
               | general weight to put on it, the fact that he recently
               | confidently stated that the government don't use SQL was
               | a relevant bit of info to use when we weigh up
               | alternative hypotheses.
        
               | contravariant wrote:
               | Ah sorry, I did confuse you with the other person I was
               | talking to. That explains the shift in topics. Really
               | whether it was SQL or not is still irrelevant, hence my
               | rather sharp tone.
               | 
               | I still stand by the other things I said though.
        
               | malcolmgreaves wrote:
               | He is a liar and cannot be trusted. He's lied about his
               | past, being caught saying that his wealth didn't come
               | from his family's emerald mine. He lied about his long
               | support for apartheid and his general racism. He's been
               | lying about full self driving for most of his tenure at
               | Tesla. He lied about being a founder of Tesla. He lied
               | about making Twitter better when he bought it and
               | destroyed 75% of its value. And he's lying about any
               | fraud at SSA.
               | 
               | Why on earth would you believe a serial liar?
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | It doesn't endanger any future legal cases to post stats
               | from the database. Governments have done such audits
               | before and it never caused any issues for prosecution of
               | specific cases.
               | 
               | What we're discussing here is a bunch of tweets, not a
               | legal case put before a judge. Musk is often throwing
               | around the word fraud to mean something like "we were
               | told the money would be spent on wells in Africa but it's
               | actually being given to newspapers" and similar things
               | which probably wouldn't be considered fraud in a
               | courtroom, but people know what he means.
               | 
               | I'm happy to double check specific claims, but I'm not
               | sure what you're uncertain about. You're arguing that if
               | you discover fraud you have to continuing giving the
               | fraudsters money until the guy finally shows up in court?
               | Or is found guilty? I don't quite know how or why I'd
               | double check that because that's not how the law works
               | and it would be silly if it did.
        
               | abrahamepton wrote:
               | Assuming that the age field is the only thing being used
               | for determining payouts is really wildly naive. If you
               | wanted to game SSA, this would be the dumbest and
               | easiest-to-catch way to do it. Your other garbage about
               | how frontline worker estimates of fraud being large means
               | the fraud itself must be large bespeak a silly person
               | who's already reached the conclusion he wants. All your
               | conspiracy theorizing sounds like a person marinating in
               | right wing garbage news sites for a while. Sorry to your
               | family.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | Dumb and easy to catch, yes you're right, and yet it
               | happens all the time. An example from the UK [1]:
               | 
               |  _(Feb 2025) Bereaved families asked to return pension
               | overpayments
               | 
               | Over the past five years, the DWP mistakenly paid more
               | than PS500m in state pensions and pension credits to the
               | deceased, recovering about half from bereaved relatives._
               | 
               | They can't prosecute this because it's not fraud if
               | someone just gives you money and then later realizes it
               | was a mistake. So they must resort to asking the families
               | if they'd kindly return the money.
               | 
               | You say the age field isn't the only thing being used to
               | determine payouts - obviously that's true, there is also
               | the is_dead field. These systems are about giving you
               | money after a certain age until you die. If those fields
               | are inaccurate then the money paid out will also be
               | inaccurate.
               | 
               | It's unfortunate you got so personal at the end there.
               | There's no conspiracy being theorized anywhere here. Just
               | a lack of care when it comes to other people's money.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c9w5eeexex9o
        
             | notachatbot123 wrote:
             | Context would be _for example_ knowing how the code around
             | the data handles those values. Some numbers in a database
             | do not in any way imply real world effects.
        
             | hyperpape wrote:
             | It does seem to me that logically, you have two choices:
             | 
             | 1) Take the numbers at face value. In that case, you are
             | predicting millions of accusations of fraud and an enormous
             | number of prosecutions in the next year or two.
             | 
             | 2) the situation is somehow more complicated, and most of
             | those millions of records with 140+ ages do not represent
             | fraudulent activity.
             | 
             | P.S. Mentioning the blue zones is incredibly silly. Those
             | regions have modest numbers of individuals being reported
             | in the 100-120 age range, which probably are fraudulent.
             | None of those areas have millions being reported to be
             | 140+. For instance, Sardinia had 13 reported centenarians
             | per 100,000 population, which would be equivalent to
             | ~39,000 centenarians in the US. So it's orders of magnitude
             | less than this database shows.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | Or the third choice:
               | 
               | (3) The data quality is so bad that there is no way to
               | reliably know if a case is fraudulent or not without an
               | investigation so expensive the ROI is negative, so
               | everything remains unclear and unresolved forever.
               | 
               | That's usually how it goes with cases like these.
               | Sometimes there are gangs who organize large scale fraud
               | against the system and those might attract the attention
               | of prosecutors, but people not reporting a death or
               | double payment or similar isn't worth it. There might
               | never be a clear answer to how the database got into this
               | state. But the basic point stands that data quality for a
               | critical dataset is really low in obvious ways, so what
               | about all the non-obvious ways?
               | 
               | I mentioned blue zones because there are a lot of people
               | on this thread who are really having a hard time
               | believing there can be problems as obvious as people who
               | have died but continue receiving payments in social
               | security schemes. Blue zones is just an easily searchable
               | keyword to learn more about other times when it's
               | happened at scale, e.g.
               | 
               |  _In 2010, the Japanese government announced that 82
               | percent of its citizens reported to be over 100 had
               | already died.
               | 
               | In 2012, Greece announced that it had discovered that 72
               | percent of its centenarians claiming pensions - some
               | 9,000 people - were already dead.
               | 
               | Puerto Rico's government said in 2010 that it would
               | replace all existing birth certificates due to concerns
               | about widespread fraud and identity theft._
               | 
               | https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/26/the-secret-of-
               | blue-...
               | 
               | Obviously nobody is claiming the database reflects
               | reality. Governments often have multiple data sources
               | that are badly out of alignment. A census can give more
               | accurate data, but that doesn't mean SS is synced to it.
               | For instance, in the UK during COVID, more people came
               | forward in some age ranges for a COVID vaccine than
               | theoretically existed in the country at all. The UK's
               | population data is so badly screwed up that people
               | started using the quantity of NHS numbers issued instead
               | to try and estimate it.
        
               | gloflo wrote:
               | There is zero proof that what was quoted is actually
               | cause for any payouts. The examples you cite are likely
               | not similar at all.
        
               | hyperpape wrote:
               | That sure sounds like (2), just restated.
               | 
               | It would still be incredibly dishonest for Musk to say
               | based on these numbers that this is the largest fraud in
               | history.
               | 
               | > In 2010, the Japanese government announced that 82
               | percent of its citizens reported to be over 100 had
               | already died.
               | 
               | > In 2012, Greece announced that it had discovered that
               | 72 percent of its centenarians claiming pensions - some
               | 9,000 people - were already dead.
               | 
               | Those numbers are three to four orders of magitude
               | smaller than the ones we're discussing. Even factoring in
               | the US being 30 times larger than Greece, we would have
               | less than half a million pensioners if the proportion is
               | similar.
               | 
               | The fact is, Elon found a number and waved it around like
               | a red flag. And both of us are smart enough[0] to know
               | that it doesn't mean what he says it means. But for some
               | reason, you're insisting on defending the original
               | deceptive tweets.
               | 
               | [0] I mean that genuinely! I've read your posts on
               | garbage collection. And in this discussion I take it
               | you're recognizing that those millions of records are
               | likely overwhelming not fraudulent.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | Well, thank you for the compliment :)
               | 
               | There's slippage of claims here, maybe. It's clearly not
               | the case that every record with wrong data is fraudulent,
               | and I don't think Musk believes or said that (though
               | maybe he did, the dude tweets all the time). We certainly
               | agree that it isn't the case.
               | 
               | The claims being made as I understand it are that the US
               | SSDB has a lot of obviously wrong data in it, that bad
               | age data is frequently a sign of fraud as proven by the
               | audits of other countries, the age data is genuinely bad
               | and not a result of misunderstandings, and therefore that
               | Musk is likely correct when he argues there is a lot of
               | fraud in the system.
               | 
               | What does "a lot" mean? It's vague but clearly not 100%.
               | At the same time, if the numbers do transfer then less
               | than half a million people fraudulently claiming pensions
               | is quite a lot! And that would be just one source of
               | fraud, one of the easiest to detect without effort. There
               | will be plenty of people under the age of 100 who have
               | died and weren't registered either, or people who never
               | existed and so on. So whether we're talking millions, or
               | a million, or even with a very restricted criteria less
               | than half a million. In ordinary English, it's a lot.
        
               | hyperpape wrote:
               | I wasn't kidding about the "biggest fraud" line. It's not
               | an exaggeration, he's just that full of crap.
               | 
               | Direct quote from Musk:
               | 
               | "Yes, there are FAR more 'eligible' social security
               | numbers than there are citizens in the USA.
               | 
               | This might be the biggest fraud in history."[0]
               | 
               | The worst part is that there's already a public report
               | about these social security numbers. And it genuinely
               | makes the SSA look bad, but it also makes clear that very
               | few of these accounts ever received payments, and of
               | those that did, they were generally cut off around a
               | decade ago.[1] Does Musk know about the report? Does he
               | care?
               | 
               | If someone wanted to come in and clean house and say "you
               | have to do better" I can imagine there's a case to be
               | made there. That's not what's happening, though.
               | 
               | [0] https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1891357918605332965
               | 
               | [1] https://oig.ssa.gov/assets/uploads/a-06-21-51022.pdf
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | Now I'm curious what the biggest fraud in history
               | actually is!
        
           | mmusson wrote:
           | Another thing is that COBOL records commonly have complicated
           | unions (to save space) where a separate code affects how you
           | interpret the fields. You need to understand all the business
           | logic to make sure you are reading the data correctly.
        
         | kolinko wrote:
         | With "death" flag set to false - sure. But are they collecting
         | benefits / are they active in any way? Otherwise it's just that
         | the death may not have been recorded.
         | 
         | If Elon Musk wanted to be honest, he should've published a
         | statistic like that, but with SSNs that seem still active.
         | 
         | There were around ~1M (if not more) unidentified bodies found
         | in the States over the last 100 years. On top of that, before
         | digitisation, you've had mistakes in filling the data, lost
         | documents and a ton of other possible causes for not marking
         | someone as dead in SSN. As long as they are not collecting
         | benefits, it's more hassle to fix than it's worth.
         | 
         | In a bit similar spirit - in Poland we're considering turning
         | public health insurance into just a tax, and doing blanket
         | assumption that every citizen has health insurance. Since we
         | have less than 1% uninsured, the costs of tracking and
         | verification are comparable/higher than just giving "free"
         | insurance to the remaining 1%.
        
           | delusional wrote:
           | > If Elon Musk wanted to be honest,
           | 
           | Elon and his fans don't think this way. They don't consider
           | it dishonest to publish misleading information (it's "just
           | the fact").
           | 
           | If Elon wanted to be truthful and thorough, he would actually
           | do some analysis. It's quite clear that he doesn't care about
           | either of those things though and just immediately tweets
           | whatever the 20 years olds with laptops send him.
        
         | joshuahedlund wrote:
         | This is good info. The histogram definitively disproves the
         | COBOL theory.
         | 
         | It's always good to respond to odd things with curiosity rather
         | than cynicism.
         | 
         | It also seems clear that the vast majority of these old records
         | are not collecting benefits, and even the few that are may have
         | valid reasons (ex living younger spouses)
         | 
         | https://xcancel.com/ThatsMauvelous/status/189135619250239902...
        
         | enilakla wrote:
         | It seems that for a lot of people, that source isn't reputable
         | (e.g. they would want to see more than a screenshot a guy posts
         | on his website to know the situation is as you described).
        
         | tayo42 wrote:
         | This list adds up to 20million
         | 
         | 60 million receive social security from age
         | https://www.ssa.gov/oact/STATS/OASDIbenies.html
         | 
         | 1/3 of recipients are fake death fraud?
         | 
         | There's about 60million from cenus data between the age of
         | 60-85...
         | 
         | Does no one think critically?
        
           | mint2 wrote:
           | Nah, many people willfully and gleefully put blinders on when
           | presented a thin veneer of a statement if it supports what
           | they want to be true.
           | 
           | As you point out, Elon's stats don't even pass a cursory
           | snuff test in regards to what he's trying to imply, but his
           | champions don't bat an eye.
        
         | throw0101d wrote:
         | > _Y 'all are trying to be very specific about this 150 year
         | old thing when there are vast number of people with ages above
         | 100 that are in the database:_
         | 
         | You may wish to read the SSA Inspector General audit report,
         | "Numberholders Age 100 or Older Who Did Not Have Death
         | Information on the Numident.":
         | 
         | * https://oig.ssa.gov/assets/uploads/a-06-21-51022.pdf
         | 
         | > _It 's a gripping read. It tells me, for instance, that 98
         | percent of these folks have received no payments._
         | 
         | * https://twitter.com/justinwolfers/status/1891516202612060438
         | 
         | The report states:
         | 
         | > _SSA determined the estimated $5.5 to $9.7 million in
         | expenditures to correct these errors was too costly to
         | implement and that the effort would have limited benefit to the
         | administration of SSA programs. We acknowledge that almost none
         | of the numberholders discussed in the report currently receive
         | SSA payments. However, SSA issued each of these individuals a
         | valid SSN and these SSNs could allow for a wide range of
         | potential abuse._
         | 
         | So it would cost several million dollars to correct the
         | database to prevent less than several million from going out.
         | 
         | Once again, perhaps the government knows what it's doing, these
         | "discoveries" are not new or surprisingly, and that a cost-
         | benefit analysis has already been done.
        
       | UltraSane wrote:
       | Elon Musk is a liar with no credibility whatsoever. Don't believe
       | anything he says.
        
       | Devasta wrote:
       | Whether or not Musk is right about 150 year olds getting Social
       | Security doesn't matter, he just wants to destroy the
       | administrative state. So long as that happens, they'll be
       | perfectly happy with the outcome even if they get proven wrong on
       | some technicalities later.
       | 
       | Prove Musk wrong on this and he'll just go about his day as
       | normal; 20 minutes later there'll be someone tweeting an unhinged
       | screed about how the US government is spending 10 trillion this
       | year changing the name of the Department of Homeland Security to
       | the Department of Homeland Inclusivity to which he'll quote tweet
       | "Interesting" and then he'll set his little band of freaks to
       | cause mayhem somewhere else.
        
         | bagels wrote:
         | I'm sure Fox news will investigate his claims and let their
         | listeners know that he lied about this.
        
       | ZeroGravitas wrote:
       | Related document for how we used to handle this before the
       | "oligarchs tweeting slander" approach gained support:
       | 
       | https://oig.ssa.gov/assets/uploads/a-06-21-51022.pdf
       | 
       | Numberholders Age 100 or Older Who Did Not Have Death Information
       | on the Numident
       | 
       | > The attached final report presents the results of the Office of
       | Audit's review. The objective was to determine whether the Social
       | Security Administration had effective controls to annotate death
       | information on the Numident records of numberholders who exceeded
       | maximum reasonable life expectancies. Please provide within 60
       | days a corrective action plan that addresses each recommendation.
       | If you wish to discuss the final report, please call me or have
       | your staff contact Michelle L. Anderson, Assistant Inspector
       | General for Audit
       | 
       | They decided not to do anything about it (e.g. add a "presumed
       | dead" field) because they thought it would be a waste of money!
       | 
       | > In response to our 2015 report, SSA considered multiple
       | options, including adding presumed death information to these
       | Numident records. SSA ultimately decided not to proceed because
       | the ". . . options would be costly to implement, would be of
       | little benefit to the agency, would largely duplicate information
       | already available to data exchange consumers and would create
       | cost for the states and other data exchange partners."16 SSA also
       | believed a regulation would be required to allow it to add death
       | information to these records, and adding presumed death
       | information to the Numident would increase the risk of
       | inadvertent release of living individuals' personal information
       | in the DMF.
       | 
       | Submitted here in case anyone wants to discuss the SHOCKINGLY
       | boring REVELATIONS contained within:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43077199
        
         | empathy_m wrote:
         | I think it's worth reading both the 2015 OIG report on the
         | topic ("Title: Numberholders Age 112 or Older Who Did Not Have
         | a Death Entry on the Numident", A-06-14-34030) and also the
         | 2023 followup you submitted. I left a comment over on that
         | submission after reading both.
         | 
         | It's nice that the hard work of investigating government
         | inefficiency is being noticed and celebrated -- you can really
         | see the tensions between providing reliable services and
         | fighting fraud risk in the 2015 & 2023 reports.
         | 
         | If you care about finding waste, it seems like a really strange
         | choice to summarily fire the inspectors general who have worked
         | hard on this sort of investigation.
        
           | bagels wrote:
           | They aren't willing to provide the right lies or spin to
           | justify cutting SSA altogether. That is the end goal.
        
         | Muromec wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing. This is what I expected -- of course
         | somebody already looked at it, did the math and decided to not
         | do anything, which was the most reasonable thing.
        
       | laurent_du wrote:
       | So the bottom line is that a left-wing activist put out some lies
       | in order to discredit Musk, and every single reader of the
       | original misinformation piece swallowed it without any attempt to
       | analyze it critically. And they say that right-wingers are the
       | ones who are more amenable to propaganda?
       | 
       | Yet everyone's conclusion is, as usual, Musk bad. Nobody cares
       | about left-wing fakes news if they are useful to the agenda being
       | pushed forward.
        
         | jklinger410 wrote:
         | One cannot even begin to address the amount of misinformation
         | that has come from the left since Trump has been elected.
         | 
         | This is why, however, people in general act with decorum. Trump
         | and Musk are making themselves easy targets for this vitriol.
         | Leaving people with absolutely no will to critically think
         | about any of the claims levied against them.
         | 
         | In fact, any claim levied against them is welcomed ammunition.
         | Any attempt to reduce this ammunition is considered support for
         | the enemy.
         | 
         | During Trump's first administration people decried that we had
         | begun living in a post-truth society. That accusation was made
         | against the Trump supporters.
         | 
         | Now, during his second term, we truly live in a post truth
         | society. Where in most cases the truth simply does not matter
         | to most people. This division seems to run so deep I am afraid
         | at what it means for our society.
        
           | worksonmine wrote:
           | One thing I've noticed is when Trump says something the left
           | starts by denying it before using it themselves. Fake news
           | was coined by Trump and now it's adopted by the left but they
           | call it misinformation, and they even started the Trusted
           | News Initiative during Covid to weaponize it. It's not lies,
           | it's "misinformation", true, but wrong?
           | 
           | Confusing times and the only conclusion I can draw is that
           | those in power are losing ground thanks to the internet and
           | it makes them behave like this. Everyone in willful
           | ignorance. Even otherwise clever people are acting bat-shit
           | crazy as soon as Musk is mentioned, but a few years ago they
           | would've bragged about getting a Tesla using their NFT
           | profts.
        
       | blame-troi wrote:
       | Ignorant. When I learned COBOL, which would have been
       | contemporary to many of the original systems, data types were
       | numbers of various formats, characters, primitive fixed length
       | strings, and bits. There was no data type for dates. It would
       | have been roll your own. Pre UNIX being mainstream we used
       | '7-4-5' dates in assembly based from 1900 (this was a financial
       | business but not the IRS).
       | 
       | This isn't a COBOL issue (if it's even an issue at all), it's a
       | data design issue. As many have pointed out, there are reasons
       | for this possible origin date.
        
       | throw0101d wrote:
       | Related, "Why COBOL isn't the problem":
       | 
       | * https://lucid.co/techblog/2020/11/13/why-cobol-isnt-the-prob...
       | 
       | * https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41420217
        
       | bobnick wrote:
       | I worked with COBOL long before DB2. I also worked on the COBOL
       | compiler in the 70s. Unless things changed drastically if a value
       | wasn't initialized the compiler left garbage in the variable when
       | the program was loaded. If you were lucky this caused the program
       | to ABEND when you tried to use it, if no ABEND you got strange
       | results. It was up to the programmer to set a default date if one
       | was required by the application. Many applications started with
       | VSAM which did not care if a date in a record was invalid. This
       | caused many systems to set default dates when converting to DB2.
       | DB2 does not allow garbage to be loaded into a date field. COBOL
       | does not initialized data unless instructed to do so.
        
       | MrCOBOL wrote:
       | No! It does not - Someone coded it to default or entered the data
       | that way, and no edit prevented it - and it sounds like no
       | regular maintenance (even a reporting process) is present to
       | indicate ages > 100 (which may raise a flag to be looked into).
        
       | cjbgkagh wrote:
       | I assume this was in response to Elons claim of finding a number
       | of people aged 150 years old and the response that this was due
       | to COBOL default date and how this was an example of the people
       | doing the datamining were incompetent.
       | 
       | Someone would have to be really incompetent to find a spike at
       | precisely 150 years old and not investigate it further. Elon
       | tweeted ~ 10 hours ago the age breakdown and there does not
       | appear to be a spike at 150 so if that information is correct
       | then this is no longer evidence of incompetence.
        
         | phcreery wrote:
         | Additionally, the data is comparable to the census [1] which
         | suggests there is not a lack of data context or translation
         | from DB date format to actual date/age.
         | 
         | Then again, these are just posts of screenshots on a site
         | filled with AI-generated content.
         | 
         | [1] https://x.com/jonatanpallesen/status/1891406665242546383
        
         | __m wrote:
         | Do they receive social security though? His tweet doesn't
         | explicitly say so, might be willfully omitted.
        
           | cjbgkagh wrote:
           | I don't know, incomplete information all round.
           | 
           | I consider it plausible but also consider Elon to be a rather
           | unreliable source. Part of this seems like JJ Abram's mystery
           | box storytelling where new mysteries are opened before the
           | old mysteries are resolved - and when finally resolved the
           | resolution is deeply unsatisfying.
           | 
           | My experience with government is that where it's not
           | recklessly incompetent it is flagrantly corrupt, and
           | increasingly so. To an extent I would not have believed had I
           | not seen it myself. I completely understand why others may
           | not share that belief. While I am in general support of
           | taking a chainsaw to government, as opposed to a scalpel, I
           | do wish it was better people doing it. That way when such
           | crazy statements are made I could consider them likely true
           | because the person stating them would not have done so
           | without it being true. Elon has told too many falsehoods for
           | me to give him the same benefit of the doubt.
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | When you say "government", do you mean the USA civil
             | service, the subject of Musk's ire?
             | 
             | >"where it's not recklessly incompetent it is flagrantly
             | corrupt" //
             | 
             | Care to give a couple of the examples from your direct
             | experience?
        
               | cjbgkagh wrote:
               | Just run of the mill stuff, pay-to-play to such an extent
               | that everyone in a public service department that I sell
               | software into all have jobs with vendors lined up for
               | after they retire. They are very open about it. Most
               | other vendors have been investigated for bribery by SFO,
               | PNF and or FBI. Only a few stuck, I think they just bribe
               | more people to make the other bribery charges go away.
               | One that did stick was KBR, a subsidiary of Halliburton.
               | Most vendors in my space seem to operate on a pyramid
               | scheme where the money they take in from new deals has to
               | pay for the consulting fees of the predecessors. I'm more
               | interested in making good technology than dealing with
               | the stress of all that so I try to compete on technical
               | merits - which is tough.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | It's a pretty pathetic argument that you support wielding
             | the chainsaw, but preferably from a more desirable tyrant.
             | Nobody who would agree to wielding the chainsaw in a
             | democratic society is worthy of the privilege.
             | 
             | People who share your nihilist perspective combined with
             | solutions contrived from ignorance are why we're here. And
             | where we are going will redefine corruption.
        
           | diob wrote:
           | It's absolutely willfully omitted. I guarantee 0 evidence of
           | anything will ever come out, just shock headlines to make it
           | seem like they're doing something.
        
           | lenerdenator wrote:
           | They might, but that's irrelevant in a way. If they're 150
           | years old, they're dead, and if you claim the OASDI benefit
           | of someone who is dead, you're committing a crime.
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | A brief search suggests it's inheritable in limited
             | circumstances. Are you saying that's false?
             | 
             | I'm recalling the posts about the last person claiming
             | civil war pensions dying in 2020 (155 years after the war)
             | and wondering if there is anything similar going on here.
        
               | lenerdenator wrote:
               | If it's designated by law to be inheritable then it's a
               | moot point.
               | 
               | It's also worth noting that OASDI is not the same as a
               | Civil War pension. One was set up to support men who
               | fought in service of the Federal government, the other
               | was set up to keep the _O_ ld _A_ ged, _S_ urvivors, and
               | _D_ isabled _I_ nsured. They're legally separate programs
               | and thus have different statutes regulating who can draw
               | benefit from them.
        
               | manquer wrote:
               | War pension claims like that were common and not fraud.
               | 
               | The pension is claimed by the wife of the veteran , it
               | was a practice to marry a very young girl very late in
               | life partly because of the pension.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War_widows
               | _wh...
               | 
               | The person you are referring to was eligible as a
               | disabled child of veteran
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene_Triplett
               | 
               | There are many age curiosities out there like the fact
               | the grandson of John Tyler the 10th president who was
               | born in 1790 is still alive, I.e his grandfather was born
               | 235 years ago!
               | 
               | they are just that curiosities, not really fraud and even
               | when it is one, it never significant just like voter
               | fraud never turns out to be one .
        
               | dec0dedab0de wrote:
               | Even if that is the case, there should be an easy way to
               | query that. even If they update the systems, and discover
               | zero fraud or bad data it's still a net win
        
           | enragedcacti wrote:
           | An audit was completed in 2023 (using June 2021 data) where
           | they found that of the 18.9 million aged 100+, approximately
           | 44,000 were receiving payouts. UN data says there were
           | ~90,000 centenarians in the US in 2021.
           | 
           | https://oig.ssa.gov/assets/uploads/a-06-21-51022.pdf
           | 
           | https://www.bumc.bu.edu/centenarian/statistics/
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | Social Security is incredibly complicated. There's a
           | canonical answer to every question. Someone like Elon doesn't
           | know or care about the details.
           | 
           | There's also a number of programs. SSI, Disabilty, Death
           | Benefits, retirement, etc. Blind people are eligible for a
           | benefit by law.
           | 
           | Is there, somewhere in the United States, a disabled, blind
           | child whose parents are deceased and whose birthdate is
           | unknown? Almost certainly yes.
           | 
           | Is that fraud? Only if you're a "genius" who targets victims
           | who can't fight back to demonstrate his intellect.
        
         | thiht wrote:
         | I fail to see why anybody would believe anything coming from
         | Musk's mouth.
        
           | burnte wrote:
           | And yet millions still do. People believe what the WANT to
           | believe, and that frequently is something other than facts.
        
             | actinium226 wrote:
             | People believe _stories_. It 's ridiculous to suggest
             | otherwise.
             | 
             | As competing narratives become more compelling, people
             | switch the stories they believe.
             | 
             | So if you want people to start believing in the set of
             | facts you hold to be true, tell them a compelling story
             | about those facts, don't just tell at them for not fact
             | checking.
        
           | mlacks wrote:
           | probably because despite all of his negative aspects, he has
           | transformed the online payments industry, space industry, and
           | auto industry.
        
             | belter wrote:
             | All that while playing Diablo and posting 200 racist memes
             | a day....
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | Are you trying to tell me that, eg
           | 
           | > $10M for "Mozambique voluntary medical male circumcision"
           | 
           | is a complete and utter fabrication, designed to make the
           | federal government look stupid, and has little/no basis in
           | reality?
           | 
           | I'm shocked, I tell you. Shocked!
           | 
           | https://x.com/doge/status/1890849405932077378?s=46
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | Wait, I thought they sent 200 million condoms over there.
        
             | joyeuse6701 wrote:
             | I can think of two good reasons such a thing may be a good
             | idea in such a place, if you can't, you're not qualified to
             | second guess the decision.
        
           | ertian wrote:
           | He was making fun of someone for suggesting that the federal
           | government uses SQL.
           | 
           | Dude has been burning credibility at an amazing pace.
        
       | bagels wrote:
       | Social security office knows that there are records in that
       | database without confirmed deaths.
       | 
       | They use multiple techniques and data sources to determine who to
       | send benefits to.
       | 
       | This is not news to the SSA.
       | 
       | https://oig.ssa.gov/assets/uploads/a-06-21-51022.pdf
       | 
       | "AGENCY COMMENTS SSA disagreed with our recommendations. Agency
       | officials stated that most of the records discussed in the report
       | involve numberholders who do not currently receive SSA payment"
       | 
       | So, they can do better, but sure, they are sending some
       | relatively small number of checks out to dead people. That
       | doesn't mean Musk needs to lie about the the program as an excuse
       | to cut the whole thing, which is actually what we see playing
       | out.
        
         | tonymet wrote:
         | 51% is most. 49% could still be > $100bil
        
           | enragedcacti wrote:
           | In this particular case 'most' means 99.77%:
           | 
           | > At the time of our review, approximately 44,000 of the 18.9
           | million numberholders were receiving SSA payments.
           | 
           | There were something like 90k centenarians in the US at the
           | time so the amount of fraud from this category is likely some
           | small fraction of that 0.27%.
        
         | enragedcacti wrote:
         | > they are sending some relatively small number of checks out
         | to dead people.
         | 
         | This isn't even necessarily true from the report. SSA said 44k
         | of the 18.9 million 100+ were receiving payments, but the US
         | had something like 90k centenarians in 2021. It's probably that
         | a huge majority of the 44k were still alive at the time of the
         | audit.
        
       | msie wrote:
       | Imagine all the wasted cycles dealing with Trump's/Elon's/DOGE
       | misadventures.
        
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