[HN Gopher] Alzheimer's biomarkers now visible up to a decade ah...
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       Alzheimer's biomarkers now visible up to a decade ahead of symptoms
        
       Author : 01-_-
       Score  : 96 points
       Date   : 2025-02-15 18:02 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (newatlas.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (newatlas.com)
        
       | 01-_- wrote:
       | well, now we have excellent news <3
        
       | jimlawruk wrote:
       | > Catching these clumps early while still in minute quantities
       | can enable effective intervention
       | 
       | I wonder what interventions they mean here. Drugs, lifestyle
       | changes?
        
         | caycep wrote:
         | Presumably, a newer generation of anti-amyloid or anti tau
         | agents. There are current gen ones (targeted monoclonal ab )
         | which aren't that incredibly effective but there's some thought
         | that maybe that's due to treating the wrong patients at the
         | wrong time, vs starting therapy earlier on
        
           | WillyWonkaJr wrote:
           | Didn't it turn out that the amyloid plaque hypothesis was
           | based on a fraudulent paper?
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | Nothing. We don't know of an intervention for Alzheimer's.
         | Early detection _can_ enable effective intervention, but in
         | this case it doesn 't.
        
           | snailmailstare wrote:
           | We have a lot of correlations and theories and now we can
           | test over more than 10 years and see what happens when with
           | patients where we have successfully kept these markers down
           | from a much earlier start. I just hope they control correctly
           | for brain bleeds and premature death.
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | That will be a fun set of experiments.
             | 
             | As far as I'm aware, we currently have no evidence to
             | suggest whether the appropriate model for this protein
             | accumulation is more "it's like a cancer growing on your
             | organ" or "it's like a scab growing over an open wound".
             | 
             | Are scabs markers of injury? Of course.
             | 
             | Could we reduce injuries by preventing the development of
             | scabs? No, that's a new horrifying medical condition called
             | hemophilia. In the general case, it's rapidly fatal.
             | 
             | This is something that really bothers me about the current
             | craze for suppressing inflammation. In that case, we
             | _already know_ that inflammation is like scabs, a defensive
             | reaction against some other problem. For Alzheimer 's, we
             | don't know anything.
        
         | trashface wrote:
         | Probably not going to be super popular but maybe heating your
         | brain for 20 years? https://text.npr.org/nx-s1-5293253
        
           | bondant wrote:
           | If going to the sauna daily is all it takes to prevent it,
           | that would be quite a thing!
        
             | maest wrote:
             | Is Alzheimer's less prevalent in sauna going populatioo?
        
               | bondant wrote:
               | I don't know, but the parent's link article says:
               | 
               | >"I spent 20 years in the Navy, most of it in the hot
               | spots, like the engine rooms of ships--110 degrees is
               | nothing on a ship," he says. That environment may have
               | caused an increase in heat shock proteins, which were
               | able to limit the spread of tau and prevent the onset of
               | Alzheimer's. The scientists studying Whitney aren't sure
               | if that's all, or even part, of the explanation. But they
               | are hoping that the paper on Whitney will encourage other
               | researchers to look for answers.
               | 
               | So instead of going to work for the navy, one could just
               | go to the sauna daily.
               | 
               | Edit: turns out that it might be true: https://academic.o
               | up.com/ageing/article/46/2/245/2654230?log...
        
               | askonomm wrote:
               | According to this it would be the opposite:
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28687259/
               | 
               | So maybe Sauna is good, but where Sauna is popular is
               | usually a place that is very cold and humid, which is not
               | good.
        
           | robwwilliams wrote:
           | Elevated heat shock proteins actually makes good sense as a
           | reason. We should check ClinicalTrials.gov using the key
           | words: Alzheimer and "heat shock protein".
           | 
           | I just tried anf found a total of 130 trials using Heat shock
           | proteins 70 or 90 (HSP70 and HSP90) and with very few
           | exceptions they are all cancer trials.
           | 
           | Monoculture.
           | 
           | Sauna sounds good at this point.
        
             | Fire-Dragon-DoL wrote:
             | Would working out hard (HIIT), that makes the heart rate go
             | up a lot (~180bpm) generate enough heat in the body for a
             | similar effect?
             | 
             | Basically, can I replace sauna with 30 minutes of vigorous
             | cardio?
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | So sauna/Turkish bath/hot-springs users have reduced
             | incidence of Alzheimer's?
        
         | josephpmay wrote:
         | There's been evidence recently that GLP-1 Agonists can delay
         | the onset of Alzheimer's symptoms. Look up the evoke and evoke+
         | trials. This might be the first "real" treatment for
         | Alzheimer's, and it's relatively low risk.
        
           | nwienert wrote:
           | [delayed]
        
         | pedalpete wrote:
         | We've been developing Sleep slow-wave enhancement tech for the
         | last few years, and studies are showing promise as a potential
         | prevention and management of AD.
         | 
         | These links were not using our tech, but are based on the same
         | principles of phase-targeted slow-wave enhancement. We have an
         | enhanced protocol aiming to overcome some of the issues these
         | researchers experienced with previous implementations.
         | 
         | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10758173/
         | https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.10778
        
       | glaugh wrote:
       | > ...small amounts of clumping tau protein in the brain and
       | cerebrospinal fluid, which lead to Alzheimer's disease.
       | 
       | I don't think this should be stated as a proven fact anymore,
       | given the doubt now cast over the amyloid hypothesis
       | 
       | This is a nice summary of the case:
       | https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/plain-english-with-der...
        
         | im3w1l wrote:
         | I've seen this point brought up many times over the years and
         | yet research in this direction seems to continue, so I think
         | there must be more to it. I asked chatgpt about it, and it
         | claims that the controversial paper was influential but it was
         | more about a certain sub-hypothesis that got called into
         | question after that rather than the entire thing.
         | 
         | Now I know that bringing up chatgpt is frowned upon here but I
         | thought I should make an exception for this case as its not so
         | easy for me to answer otherwise.
        
           | robwwilliams wrote:
           | You might enjoy "How Not To Study A Disease: The Story of
           | Alzheimer's" by Karl Herrup (2023, MIT Press). Great sad
           | overview of the hegemony of the Abeta hypothesis that now has
           | a Tau hypothesis buddy.
           | 
           | https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262546010/how-not-to-study-a-
           | di...
        
         | robwwilliams wrote:
         | Agree strongly with you. This statement make Alzheimer's into a
         | wonderfully "simple" monogenic disease like Huntington's but
         | all age-related disease have many complex interwoven weaker and
         | stronger causes---even Huntington's disease in which the same
         | mutation type (numbers of CAG mutations in neurons) can cause
         | symptoms over a 20 year range.
         | 
         | Too bad that headlines are inherently short and sometimes
         | misleading. Simple sells.
        
         | pedalpete wrote:
         | The problem with the amyloid hypothesis is most likely not that
         | it is wrong, but that it is incomplete, and I would say that is
         | the problem with this test as well.
         | 
         | I work in neurotech/sleeptech, and AD researchers are using (or
         | want to use) slow-wave enhancement to prevent and possibly
         | manage AD.
         | 
         | However, the test for AD is still a psychological tests along
         | with neuroimaging to look for tau tangles and amyloid plaque
         | build up.
         | 
         | It has been discussed that we may be looking at multiple
         | different diseases which have similar symptoms and without
         | completely understanding the disease itself, we are
         | categorizing them as AD, though they may have different
         | pathways.
         | 
         | Though we can't ignore the challenges to the amyloid
         | hypothesis, we also shouldn't completely throw it out. Most of
         | the experts I've spoken with still believe it is the best
         | hypothesis we have, but that we also should not ignore other
         | possibilities.
        
           | tim333 wrote:
           | It surprises me that some obvious clues to treatment are
           | passed over as I guess they don't fit the politics? Like
           | 
           | >A team of researchers in Jerusalem, he says, decided to look
           | at patients who survived bladder cancer and compare dementia
           | prevalence among patients treated with BCG and those who
           | weren't. "Do they differ in the rate at which they get
           | Alzheimer's disease?" The answer is yes - the BCG group
           | appeared to get 75% protection against Alzheimer's. A number
           | of studies have now found varying levels of protection from
           | BCG, with an average, according to one meta-analysis, of 45%.
           | 
           | There's a lot of evidence a lot of it is set off by
           | infectious microbes which can be treated in the usual way.
           | (From
           | https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2024/dec/01/the-
           | bra...)
           | 
           | The 'politics' puzzles me. Maybe the head of department got
           | fame for hypothesis A and feels his power or money is
           | threatened by hypothesis B? It's not what science should be
           | about.
           | 
           | (There was an entertaining angry Sabine Hossenfelder youtube
           | a few minutes ago on the corruption of science just wasting
           | money, but really letting people die of Alzheimer's is worse.
           | https://youtu.be/shFUDPqVmTg)
        
         | swores wrote:
         | Is it not still the case that they do correlate, and therefore
         | the article talking about them as biomarkers is not making the
         | mistake you think it is (as if it was talking about them as the
         | thing to get rid of to prevent Alzheimer's)? Because "lead to"
         | is not the same as "causes".
         | 
         | Or has latest research shown that even a non-causal link should
         | be dismissed?
        
       | everdrive wrote:
       | Until we have a way to actually treat Alzheimer's, this seems
       | like a mixed blessing at best. I suppose you could get your
       | affairs in order, you but won't be enjoying much of those 10
       | years.
        
         | RhysU wrote:
         | Why does one need a looming Alzheimer's issue to get one's
         | affairs in order?
         | 
         | Wills, etc should be done decades before that stage of life. As
         | soon as one has any spouse or dependents one should do all that
         | jazz.
        
           | codingdave wrote:
           | There would be a different level of detail if you knew for a
           | fact you were going that direction. Living wills and power of
           | attorney are often fairly generic, as you don't know what
           | situation will arise that will make them necessary. Well, now
           | you would know a specific likely scenario, and you can get
           | specific about each step of the expected progression.
           | 
           | You may even change your financial plans - you would know
           | that you need to get all the life you can out of the next 10
           | years, and you know you will have above average costs for
           | medical care after those 10 years. I do not envy the
           | work/life balance decisions to be made in such a scenario,
           | but at least you get the opportunity/burden to make them.
        
         | pedalpete wrote:
         | There are multiple pharmaceuticals which are used to slow the
         | progression of the disease.
         | 
         | We're in the neurotech/sleeptech space and have been developing
         | slow-wave enhancement tech for the last few years, our
         | technology is beginning to be used in clinical studies.
         | 
         | These studies (using other less effective devices) have shown
         | promise https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10758173/
         | https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.10778
        
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