[HN Gopher] A study on how turtles navigate using the Earth's ma...
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       A study on how turtles navigate using the Earth's magnetic field
        
       Author : gmays
       Score  : 102 points
       Date   : 2025-02-14 18:29 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.unc.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.unc.edu)
        
       | actinium226 wrote:
       | At first I thought this was a mnemonic and then I quickly
       | realized that DTUSD is probably not something people try to
       | remember
        
       | crazydoggers wrote:
       | I wonder if it's actually a form of touch sensation. Some parts
       | of the body might be minutely susceptible to magnetic fields and
       | the feeling is distributed across areas of the turtle. The human
       | finger can sense things only a micron in size.
       | 
       | Something like miniscule tugging of the shell in certain
       | directions being felt?
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | In some living beings it is known that they sense the magnetic
         | field with microscopic magnetite crystals (i.e. iron oxide,
         | Fe3O4), that are inside some cells.
         | 
         | The magnetic field is sensed by the magnetic forces that act on
         | the magnetite crystals, much in the same way as we sense
         | gravity and acceleration by the forces that act on the otoliths
         | in our inner ear.
         | 
         | While in turtles it has not been identified how they sense the
         | magnetic field, one of the possibilities is that they also use
         | magnetite crystals located somewhere, at least for one of the
         | two kinds of magnetic senses identified in them.
        
       | hammock wrote:
       | Very cool. So they have a map sense, and a compass sense, and we
       | don't know how either of them work still.
        
       | shellfishgene wrote:
       | Is there really not a single link to the actual paper in the
       | press release or did I just miss it?
        
         | ysofunny wrote:
         | there's only a link to the lab (that I was able to find)
         | https://lohmannlab.web.unc.edu/
        
         | throwaway1 wrote:
         | Goforth, K. M., Lohmann, C. M. F., Gavin, A., Henning, R.,
         | Harvey, A., Hinton, T. L., Lim, D. S., and Lohmann, K. J.
         | 
         | Learned magnetic map cues and two mechanisms of
         | magnetoreception in turtles. Nature (2025).
         | 
         | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08554-y
         | 
         | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08554-y
         | 
         | Full text: https://rdcu.be/d9CgI (shortened link as provided on
         | the page below)
         | 
         | ( Provided by the lab's 'Publications' page:
         | https://lohmannlab.web.unc.edu/research-publications/ )
        
       | tombert wrote:
       | Turtles are my favorite animals (other than humans, and sometimes
       | even more than them).
       | 
       | Mostly I think they're just cute, which is by itself a perfectly
       | valid reason for an animal to be your favorite, but I've always
       | been fascinated by their ruggedness. It's not weird for a turtle
       | to live to 100 years old, and it feels like they can survive just
       | about anything.
       | 
       | Having a built-in GPS just makes them even cooler.
        
         | pak9rabid wrote:
         | I like turtles
        
           | treebeard901 wrote:
           | It's turtles all the way down
        
       | Biologist123 wrote:
       | My old man - an old-fashioned cat by anyone's description -- can
       | pick true north anytime, anywhere. It's made me wonder if he has
       | some kind of internal magnetic compass. And now, having read
       | this, I wonder if this 'turtle skill' is latent in humans but
       | only emerges in a rare few.
        
         | pinoy420 wrote:
         | Can he notice when it shifts? What happens when the magnetic
         | field flips?
        
         | swores wrote:
         | You maybe meant "magnetic north", not "true north"?
         | 
         | Or if you meant what you wrote, then fairly safe to rule out
         | magnetism from being involved! (I suspect it's not involved
         | either way, but I don't know anything)
         | 
         | (Explanation of the difference between true and magnetic
         | norths: https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/true-north-
         | magnetic-nor... )
        
         | blueflow wrote:
         | I can sense magnetic fields of some strength through my nasal
         | bone. Its like a metallic taste except its not where your taste
         | buds are.
         | 
         | I don't know if its rare? I think most people just never held a
         | magnet against their face.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | People get exposed to extremely strong magic fields when
           | getting an MRI. So that's probably not it.
        
             | daveguy wrote:
             | On the surface this looks like a non-sequitur. I'm not sure
             | what people getting exposed to strong magnetic fields while
             | getting an MRI has to do with detecting a magnetic field.
             | Are you saying something like "we should have been able to
             | detect this"? This doesn't seem correct to me, because the
             | magnetic field is through the aperture of the MRI -- ie
             | head to toe in most MRI applications. If the MRI field is
             | orthogonal to earth's typical magnetic pole, you wouldn't
             | expect the same signal. I'm skeptical of a claim from a
             | person that they can "detect" the earth's magnetic field,
             | but I don't think "we have MRIs" implies anything about
             | that ability.
        
               | squeaky-clean wrote:
               | They're responding to this part
               | 
               | > I don't know if its rare? I think most people just
               | never held a magnet against their face.
               | 
               | If it were not rare, and simply because most people
               | haven't held a magnet against their nose, people would
               | definitely feel it during an MRI scan, since those are
               | much much much stronger than any regular magnet. An MRI
               | will rip a nose piercing right out of you, a regular
               | magnet you'd have around the home couldn't do that.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | "I think most people just never held a magnet against
               | their face."
               | 
               | I don't think they comprehend just how strong an MRI is.
               | You don't need to be inside the machine for it to be the
               | strongest magnetic field you've experienced, that's
               | likely true if you're in the room nearby. Sure it falls
               | as the square of the distance, but those suckers are big.
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kLjxhuybFWo
               | 
               | For comparison earths magnetic field is ~50 microtesla vs
               | an MRI at 200,000 to 7,000,000, with 1.5 million
               | microtesla (aka 1.5 T or 15,000 gauss) being common.
        
           | 725686 wrote:
           | You should probably approach some of the people investigating
           | this.
        
         | hnuser123456 wrote:
         | I can do that, it's just having a mental image of the room and
         | building I'm in, as well as the surrounding landscape, sky, and
         | where the sun rises and sets. Even if I have to pass through a
         | bunch of twisting corridors, there's just a mental arrow in my
         | head that's always being updated in the background when I turn.
        
           | colonCapitalDee wrote:
           | Is that something that you learned how to do? Any suggestions
           | for picking up this skill?
        
             | deepsun wrote:
             | Try playing First person shooter games that don't have a
             | map. But as I said in a sibling comment, it's just
             | orientation using memory, not a compass.
        
             | vlovich123 wrote:
             | When I was a kid at some point I just realized I could
             | close my eyes and try to visualize my room that I knew
             | really well. And then I'd imagine what it would look like
             | if I looked at it making a 90 degree right turn. Then
             | visualizing what happens if I walked out of the room, then
             | up the stairs, etc. And then trying to make sure that as
             | I'm doing these turns around corners in my house,
             | connecting it with if I'm facing north/east/south/west
             | until it became second nature to know that. And then as I
             | got older I connected it implicitly with other senses of my
             | surroundings (e.g. time of day + location of sun = you know
             | which direction).
             | 
             | I'd just sit for like 5-10 minutes at a time every day
             | doing that until I got "bored" by the skill. Not
             | necessarily sure if it's something you can practice as I
             | know there's actual brain structural differences that can
             | determine whether you have this skill and how advanced it
             | is, and I'd imagine it's potentially harder to rewire your
             | brain for this as an adult.
        
           | deepsun wrote:
           | No, that's just orientation, I can do that too. Playing
           | first-person games like Descent improves the orientation.
           | 
           | The true compass would be if you could be blinded, walked
           | through some turns, and you could still pick up north, having
           | no idea about how you got into the surroundings.
        
             | boringg wrote:
             | Yeah but you can always pick up based on observational
             | cues.
             | 
             | Real test would be spin around in a dark room without any
             | cues can you pick out true north.
        
               | jagged-chisel wrote:
               | I think you just said the exact same thing.
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | That's just spatial awareness. Put a giant magnet by his head.
         | He'll still be able to do it.
        
           | kuhewa wrote:
           | Have you ever done any of these controlled experiments with
           | giant helmets or blindfolds and elaborate movements to defeat
           | orientation though?
        
         | LeifCarrotson wrote:
         | Lots of people have a good "sense of direction" in terms of an
         | awareness of their surroundings that _keeps track_ of cardinal
         | directions. It also correlates with an ability to use other
         | indicators to reinforce or reacquire this awareness.
         | 
         | Put me on some winding singletrack in the woods, or driving
         | around an unfamiliar part of town, and I'll remember an
         | imaginary map of where I've been and which directions I've
         | turned, and be able to tell you where north is all day. If I
         | forget, there are context clues everywhere - it's late
         | afternoon here in Michigan so the sun is setting in the
         | southern sky, pointing south-southwest. I'm currently in a
         | windowless manufacturing facility, but I know where the front
         | door is and I remember that's on the west side of the building,
         | so I'm facing east. It helps a lot that many roads and
         | buildings are indexed to be precisely aligned with the compass.
         | It also helps that my Garmin GPS watch has a built-in compass,
         | so if I ever need to shoot a bearing precisely, I train and
         | recalibrate this sense of direction.
         | 
         | But if you put a blindfold on me, sit me down on an office
         | chair, spin it around for a couple minutes as you wheel me down
         | the hall and into an unfamiliar room...after I have finished
         | retching, I hypothesize that I'd have no sensation to tell me
         | where north is.
         | 
         | I appreciate the author's study design here - the source PDF
         | [1] and linked website [2] describe feeding the turtles in the
         | same pool, but exposing them to varied magnetic fields by
         | surrounding the pool in a giant Helmholtz coil. It's not as if
         | they flew the turtles alternately to New Hampshire and to the
         | Gulf of Mexico, which might leave lots of context clues in
         | light or smell or taste, but as if they effectively teleported
         | them to an identical pool of water with slightly different
         | magnetic fields.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08554-y.epdf?shar...
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://oceanweb.sites.oasis.unc.edu/www.unc.edu/depts/ocean...
        
         | climb_stealth wrote:
         | Hah, I thought you meant a literal cat.
         | 
         | Our dogs do that. There's a building we used to go up with six
         | elevators. Three on each side of the hallway facing each other.
         | Without hesitation the dogs will pick the correct direction to
         | go coming out of the elevator. Whereas I always had to check
         | because it all looks the same and depending on which side the
         | elevator is on you have to turn left or right.
         | 
         | It's like they have an innate sense of where they are.
        
           | ryanianian wrote:
           | Could there be a different smell or air-flow coming from one
           | side versus the others?
           | 
           | My apartment building has identical elevator lobbies. I
           | thought my dog was smart by not leaving the elevator on
           | seemingly identical incorrect floors. But actually I think
           | she just knows what home smells like.
        
       | pinoy420 wrote:
       | It explains the phenomena and the response but not the mechanism.
       | Anyone know?
        
       | trhway wrote:
       | >But no receptor like that has been identified for the magnetic
       | sense, and the mechanism remains unknown
       | 
       | Wasn't such a molecule found in bird's eyes?
        
         | defanor wrote:
         | It is one of the proposed mechanisms, but apparently it is
         | still unclear what is actually used [1,2].
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetoreception#Proposed_mech...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-migrating-
         | bir...
        
       | PicassoCTs wrote:
       | So if the poles flip- there navigation fails?
        
       | nashashmi wrote:
       | I wonder if bats have the same senses to magnetic field.
        
       | rapind wrote:
       | More proof we're just flying around on the back of a turtle on
       | the back of a turtle...
        
       | acyou wrote:
       | When they first figured out that turtles use magnetic fields to
       | navigate, they placed them in kiddie swimming pools in someone's
       | backyard and placed large electromagnets next to the swimming
       | pools. Multiple turtles reliably oriented themselves according to
       | the magnetic field direction corresponding with their seasonal
       | migration direction.
       | 
       | This paper is claiming something different, something to do with
       | a particular magnetic field having a behavioral association.
       | 
       | Lot of question marks and need for some more context. Why would
       | turtles evolve the dancing behavior? Does it have to do with the
       | kind of food they eat and how they get that food? No, turtles did
       | not evolve like dogs to dance and do tricks for food.
        
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