[HN Gopher] The New York Stock Exchange plans to launch NYSE Texas
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The New York Stock Exchange plans to launch NYSE Texas
        
       Author : ChrisArchitect
       Score  : 257 points
       Date   : 2025-02-14 06:40 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (ir.theice.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (ir.theice.com)
        
       | sharth wrote:
       | What's the actual difference between NYSE Texas and the
       | traditional NYSE?
        
         | w-ll wrote:
         | Judges
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | Wrong. Most NYSE-listed companies are not incorporated in New
           | York.
        
             | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
             | But the exchange itself is subject to a different
             | regulatory framework. It isn't just federal regulations
             | that affect them.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _the exchange itself is subject to a different
               | regulatory framework_
               | 
               | Exchanges are subject to many regulations. Which are you
               | referring to?
               | 
               | This is literally NYSE Chicago changing venues. I think
               | James Beard just fucked off to the Windy City. Austin has
               | better gala weather, granted.
        
         | programjames wrote:
         | About 8ms, or a couple trades.
        
           | dmurray wrote:
           | The data centres will almost certainly stay in New Jersey
           | with the rest of the US equity trading infrastructure.
        
             | qeternity wrote:
             | Well, the most important US equity market is in Aurora...
        
               | reaperman wrote:
               | What is this a reference to?
        
               | dmurray wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange
        
               | reaperman wrote:
               | It looks like CME's HQ is near Millennium Park in the
               | center of Chicago, not part of Aurora (CO, IL, OH, IN,
               | MO, NE, NY, or OR).
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | Cme runs their matching engine out of a datacenter in
               | aurora il
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | CyrusOne off of I-88.
               | 
               | https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-
               | america/aurora-i...
               | 
               | (gives 350 E Cermak a run for its money, and can't beat
               | the 'burbs over downtown chi)
        
         | JohnTHaller wrote:
         | This is the NYSE Chicago exchange moving to Texas.
        
           | swyx wrote:
           | itself a pretty crazy confusing sentence
        
             | saghm wrote:
             | It's giving "Thursday Night Football on Saturday" vibes.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | Thursday morning football
        
               | janderson215 wrote:
               | Los Angeles Angels at Anaheim
        
               | saghm wrote:
               | That's another one of my favorites! Not only is it
               | nonsense, but I've also seen it pointed out that if you
               | translate "Los Angeles" to English, it becomes "The The
               | Angels Angels of Anaheim"
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | The same difference as between the NYSE and each of the Miami
         | International Stock Exchange; NYSE Chicago, Inc.; and the
         | Nasdaq BX, Inc. (f/k/a the Boston Stock Exchange) [1]: jack
         | shit.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.sec.gov/about/divisions-offices/division-
         | trading...
        
           | DontchaKnowit wrote:
           | I dont think you know what you are talking about because
           | there are differences between the exchange. For one, theyre
           | run by different business entities, they have differences in
           | the regulatory programs, and they also have differences in
           | the fee schemes, e.g. how they make money on the order flow
           | going through the exchange.
           | 
           | People tend to be very reductionist about finance when they
           | really they just dont fully understand.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _dont [_ sic _] think you know what you are talking
             | about_
             | 
             | As someone who has participated in the founding of a stock
             | exchange, and who electronically traded equities and equity
             | derivatives across every exchange in America, I really do.
             | 
             | > _they have differences in the regulatory programs_
             | 
             | What pertinent regulations do you think separates a BATS
             | trade of a share of stock in a Texas corporation listed on
             | the NYSE from an internal cross in a California bank of
             | another Texas corporation listed on the NYSE Texas that has
             | to do with the listing exchange?
             | 
             | > _they also have differences in the fee schemes, e.g. how
             | they make money on the order flow going through the
             | exchange_
             | 
             | This is market microstructure. Nothing in the announcement
             | indicates a different microstructure from the other NYSEs.
        
               | DontchaKnowit wrote:
               | Well the regulations are the same but some exchanges are
               | SROs so they all have different regulatory/surveillance
               | programs. Also different exchanges list different
               | securities.
               | 
               | Also I don't understand why you would think that
               | differences in "market micro structure" equates to "jack
               | shit" differences. Its fairly significant, especially for
               | high volume trading.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _some exchanges are SROs_
               | 
               | Some exchanges are also in China. Not relevant to this
               | one.
               | 
               | Texas f/k/a Chicago isn't a separate SRO.
               | 
               | > _different exchanges list different securities_
               | 
               | Irrelevant for equities due to NMS.
               | 
               | > _don 't understand why you would think that differences
               | in "market micro structure" equates to "jack shit"
               | differences_
               | 
               | There are no proposed microstructure differences.
               | 
               | > _for high volume trading_
               | 
               | Re-read the thread. I was literally a professional high-
               | volume trader.
               | 
               | People tend to be very reductionist about finance when
               | they really they just dont [ _sic_ ] fully understand.
        
           | WrongAssumption wrote:
           | I'm very confused on why you think that link supports your
           | assertion.
        
         | rchaud wrote:
         | NYSE is TED, NYSE TX is TEDx.
        
       | mehulashah wrote:
       | I'm so confused!
        
       | colonCapitalDee wrote:
       | Well now I know what monday's Money Stuff is going to be about
        
       | rzz3 wrote:
       | So, are the exchanges connected? Would there be any difference
       | for me buying and selling stocks on "normal NYSE" vs "NYSE
       | Texas"? What benefits would companies see from listing on NYSE
       | Texas vs the other NYSE?
        
         | andylynch wrote:
         | As someone who has run similar platforms, I am joking but also
         | not, when I say probably weaker listing rules and poorer
         | liquidity.
        
           | 6stringmerc wrote:
           | This fascinates me because I worked at an investment bank
           | specializing in Texas municipal finance post 2008 crash.
           | There are a lot of sophisticated investors that run to Texas
           | as a bulwark against the larger market in times of
           | instability. Honestly I find your comment more likely than
           | not - as the in-house joke was "equities are where the crooks
           | are" in contrast to our focus on bond debt transactions.
        
         | victorbjorklund wrote:
         | Different rules probably. In Sweden we got Nasdaq Stockholm and
         | First North. Both owned by Nasdaq and operates out of the same
         | building. First North has more lax rules and generally meant
         | for smaller companies.
        
           | codegladiator wrote:
           | Similar in India, there is BSE and NSE
        
             | crossroadsguy wrote:
             | Is one has lax rules over the other? I doubt it. Besides
             | there are SME Exchanges run by both of these for smaller
             | companies (small and medium enterprises).
        
             | tolien wrote:
             | BSE makes me think of Mad Cow Disease [1], quite the bull
             | market.
             | 
             | 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_spongiform_encephal
             | opat...
        
               | doodlebugging wrote:
               | Though I would think that India would be the least likely
               | to have any of this type of BSE due to their reverence
               | for the cow. It works out for them as a cultural
               | inoculation against an insidious affliction.
        
           | nebrie wrote:
           | Nasdaq Stockholm also has substantially lower listing fees
           | than Nasdaq USA.
        
             | HolyLampshade wrote:
             | Not in any way to diminish the Swedish markets, but that's
             | partially because Nasdaq and NYSE know they can sell
             | 'status' in listing on their US markets.
        
         | Galanwe wrote:
         | > So, are the exchanges connected?
         | 
         | More or less, in practice your US broker has to respect "best
         | execution", meaning it cannot offer you a price worst than the
         | "NBBO", which is the composite of all US stock markets.
         | 
         | In practice though, I expect most companies listed in NYSE
         | Texas to be solely listed there.
         | 
         | > "normal NYSE" vs "NYSE Texas"
         | 
         | There's already _a lot_ of "NYSE" markets and segments. Some
         | exist because of historical mergers (Amex, Arca), and some to
         | offer alternate / cheaper listings (NYSE listing is very
         | expensive vs say Nasdaq)
         | 
         | > What benefits would companies see from listing on NYSE Texas
         | vs the other NYSE?
         | 
         | Unclear at the moment but I expect a lower bar for listing
         | requirements and a cheaper price. Nyse is by far the most
         | expensive listing there is, but it's also very exhaustive on
         | listing requirements (audits, etc). I guess there is also a
         | political/economical deal with Texas at play, to incentivise
         | companies to move there, list there, and grab some of NY market
         | share.
        
           | mFixman wrote:
           | Would this mean that the trading hours for stock of companies
           | listed in both NYSE branches would be extended by one hour
           | due to time differences?
        
             | Galanwe wrote:
             | Well technically there are different trading hours,
             | calendars and sessions for each market / segment of NYSE.
             | In practice though I don't think you will find many
             | companies listed on multiple subsegments of NYSE in 2025.
             | 
             | Roughly speaking, you will find the prestigious / big
             | market cap / rich companies listed on NYSE main market,
             | ETFs on NYSE Arca, small caps on NYSE American (ex Amex),
             | and very small caps on NYSE National.
             | 
             | The listing requirements and prices, as well as fee
             | structure also differ for each market. National has a fee
             | structure to incentive adding liquidity for instance.
             | 
             | If the asynchronicity bothers you, imagine that you can
             | also trade e.g. HSBC secondary listing on NYSE NY market
             | hours + the ADR of HSBC HK on NYSE NY hours + HSBC primary
             | listing on LSE on London hours + HSBC HKSE on HK hours for
             | a lot of fun.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | Yes. The relevant regulation is Reg NMS [1].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.sec.gov/files/rules/final/34-51808.pdf
        
         | zoky wrote:
         | Yes, by a series of semaphore towers spanning the country
         | dedicated to the exchange of stock prices. It's the fastest and
         | most secure way.
         | 
         | https://youtube.com/watch?v=cPeVsniB7b0
        
         | HolyLampshade wrote:
         | > So, are the exchanges connected?
         | 
         | Yes, and no. Not in the sense that it's one uniform trading
         | system, but there are various interlinkages (market data via
         | the SIP for example; mostly dictated by RegNMS) and most of the
         | exchanges operate a brokerage running an order routing
         | business.
         | 
         | > Would there be any difference for me buying and selling
         | stocks on "normal NYSE" vs "NYSE Texas"?
         | 
         | Assuming you have the ability to dictate to your broker where
         | they perform the trade there would be absolutely no difference
         | between trading on NYSE vs NYSE TX (minus maybe some currently
         | undecided fee differences). Functionally they are identical
         | (they even run on the same technology stack).
         | 
         | > What benefits would companies see from listing on NYSE Texas
         | vs the other NYSE?
         | 
         | The cultural issue TXSE (and by extension this NYSE TX move)
         | are trying to capture is the 'anti-DEI' / 'the exchange tells
         | us what the composition of our board must be to meet listings
         | standards' type things. There's a subset of the corporate world
         | who see value in capitalizing on these issues. There's also the
         | potential for different financial requirements or incorporation
         | requirements, but those haven't been disclosed yet (and
         | wouldn't be too divergent from the existing differences between
         | listing on the various Nasdaq or NYSE exchanges).
        
       | seydor wrote:
       | Is there also a New York, Texas?
       | 
       | Actually yes there is. Next up, NYSE launches in Paris, Texas.
        
         | xarope wrote:
         | TIL there's an Eiffel Tower[0] in Paris, Texas!
         | 
         | 0: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_Tower_(Paris,_Texas)
        
           | xandrius wrote:
           | It actually has a cowboy hat, incredible!
        
             | jmcgough wrote:
             | And can do gender reveals!
        
             | rob74 wrote:
             | ...but the one in Paris, Tennessee (https://en.wikipedia.or
             | g/wiki/Eiffel_Tower_(Paris,_Tennessee...) looks much more
             | true to the original - although apparently none of the two
             | replicas fulfills the purpose of a tower (enabling you to
             | climb to the top of it)...
        
         | jdwithit wrote:
         | Get on Maine's level. They have Mexico, Poland (home of Poland
         | Springs!), China, Peru, Norway, Sweden, Denmark... that's not
         | even delving into another dozen or two towns named for foreign
         | cities rather than nations. The history of why the heck this
         | happened is interesting [0]
         | 
         | 0: https://www.mainepublic.org/maine/2015-09-24/why-are-so-
         | many...
        
           | SOLAR_FIELDS wrote:
           | Exactly the same situation in Central Texas. Many German,
           | Swedish, Czech enclaves resulting in towns with names like
           | New Sweden. Indiana has a bit of this as well.
        
             | 1123581321 wrote:
             | I watched the 2024 eclipse from a curiously named Brazil,
             | Indiana. Besides the name, a couple oddities were that
             | nobody was there to watch the eclipse (we had an entire
             | campground well in the totality to ourselves for $50) and
             | someone from Chicago moved there to sell excellent deep
             | dish pizza.
        
           | pugets wrote:
           | Missouri has a lot of those names, too.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Missouri_places_named_.
           | ..
        
         | rob74 wrote:
         | Ah yes, Paris, Texas - made famous by a movie
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris,_Texas_(film)), which
         | inspired the name for a (Scottish!) band
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_(band)), which then of
         | course eventually had to publish a concert DVD named "Texas
         | Paris" (the concert wasn't in Paris, Texas however, but in
         | Paris, France - https://www.amazon.fr/Texas-Paris-Concert-
         | integral-Bercy/dp/...).
        
         | arrowsmith wrote:
         | There's also a Texas, New York:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas,_New_York
        
           | itishappy wrote:
           | > It is officially part of the town of Mexico.
           | 
           | Mexico, New York, of course.
        
         | jp57 wrote:
         | Euronext Texas, based in Paris.
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | at least it will no longer be regulated by the CEO's wife
       | 
       | they horse traded her to the SBA this time
        
       | gre wrote:
       | What does this mean for the planned Texas Stock Exchange?
       | 
       | https://www.txse.com/
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Stock_Exchange
        
         | aa_is_op wrote:
         | It means it got outplayed
        
         | alberth wrote:
         | HN thread on this topic (250+ comments)
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40584563
        
         | xyst wrote:
         | Probably not much? Scammy companies that cannot meet the
         | standards of NYSE or NASDAQ will list on TSE instead?
         | 
         | May as well be buying OTC
        
           | wslh wrote:
           | I don't think it will only attract scammy companies. In fact,
           | wouldn't it be great if smaller businesses could go public as
           | long as their numbers fit? The NYSE and NASDAQ not only have
           | a high bar, but that bar is even higher now than when
           | companies like Apple and Microsoft went public. For example,
           | the Enron scandal raised the standards for public listings,
           | but you could also argue that it unfairly punished legitimate
           | businesses for the sins of others.
           | 
           | It could also help dynamize investments by providing shorter
           | exit pathways, making it easier for investors to recycle
           | capital into new startups.
        
             | kasey_junk wrote:
             | There are lots of alternate venues already for listings.
             | 
             | Most of the cost in going public comes from federal
             | securities law, not exchange rules.
        
               | wslh wrote:
               | I don't see how your answer fits in the flow of this
               | thread. The thread specifically mentions scammy listings
               | so those listings should obbey securities law to be on an
               | exchange.
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | The bar that was raised after Enron was federal
               | securities law. Not nyse/nasdaq rules (which vary for the
               | many venues they own)
               | 
               | If a company doesn't like nyse/nasdaq rules there are
               | many other places to list, so changing one of nyse's own
               | venues names is unlikely to add any value for a small
               | company looking to go public.
        
           | ks6g10 wrote:
           | TXSE*
           | 
           | TSE would be the Tokyo Stock Exchange
        
             | TMWNN wrote:
             | > _Toronto_ Stock Exchange
             | 
             | FTFY
        
               | HolyLampshade wrote:
               | It's really damn amusing and confusing when Toronto
               | mostly refers to themselves as TSX, and the Tokyo Stock
               | Exchange goes by TSE or TKS...
        
         | HolyLampshade wrote:
         | TXSE is a listings play more than anything. This means NYSE is
         | going to beat them to the punch, at least in concept. Means
         | TXSE is going to have to work much harder for listings
         | business.
         | 
         | From a functional standpoint, absolutely no difference. There
         | is an extremely high probability NYSE TX remains in Mahwah
         | (where the current NYSE Chicago platform is; it's really just a
         | rebranding). TXSE has already said they're going to put their
         | systems in Secaucus with "everyone not NYSE or NASDAQ".
         | 
         | I wish one of these venues would have the conviction to put
         | their whole kit in Dallas, or somewhere else in TX, but the
         | industry would throw a fit because of what it would mean for
         | the cost to access the market.
        
           | Galanwe wrote:
           | > There is an extremely high probability NYSE TX remains in
           | Mahwah
           | 
           | > I wish one of these venues would have the conviction to put
           | their whole kit in Dallas
           | 
           | To be fair, few people actually host in Mahwah or Carteret
           | anymore. The HFT game is essentially closed, as the price of
           | entry in terms of knowledge and capital is too high.
           | 
           | Most people just prefer a comfy Equinix DC with all modern
           | amenities, where NYSE, Nasdaq and all other markets & brokers
           | have a latency-stable point of presence, such as NY4.
        
             | parasense wrote:
             | You did raise a good point about latency sensitive brokers,
             | and I feel like that is becoming a self-selecting cartel
             | based around the NY/NJ area. So when you have these folks
             | talking about moving to places like Houston or Dallas, in
             | an implied or entailed way they are talking about breaking
             | that latency cartel. Honestly, just by stupid personal
             | opinion, the SEC should grow the courage to ban low-latency
             | based trading. This topic has been beat to death over the
             | years, so I'm not adding anything to the discussion, just
             | chiming in to say the obvious things... have a nice day.
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | These "folks" run their "Chicago" exchange out of NJ and
               | this announcement has nothing to do with moving the
               | matching engine.
        
               | Galanwe wrote:
               | > Honestly, just by stupid personal opinion, the SEC
               | should grow the courage to ban low-latency based trading.
               | 
               | I think that's really just a matter of the media giving
               | bad press to HFTs "because it's scary". The boring
               | reality is that not much people care, and HFTs are really
               | not that important on the grand scale of things. We're
               | talking about maybe 4/5 firms worldwide making single to
               | low double digits billions in P&L, from an activity that
               | is most likely overall positive, or say net 0 if you're a
               | bit cynical. Good for them.
        
               | tastyfreeze wrote:
               | > We're talking about maybe 4/5 firms worldwide making
               | single to low double digits billions in P&L
               | 
               | That is a fair amount of money being soaked up by a few
               | firms. If low latency trading was banned real humans
               | could compete for that money.
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | We had that system, it was dominated by expensive pit
               | traders and the spreads (the main cost driver for most
               | people) were gigantic.
               | 
               | This argument is precisely Luddite and a strange position
               | for anyone on this particular forum.
        
               | steveBK123 wrote:
               | No sure why this got downvoted, and I'm not sure what
               | else people think "humans competing for that money" would
               | look like?
               | 
               | You're gonna need to physically collocate those people if
               | you are trying to ban computers and latency based
               | trading. Possibly in a "Pit" maybe in a building called
               | an "Exchange" in places with a lot of financial services
               | people like say NY or Chicago. Probably need to have some
               | sort of membership/license requirement due to finite
               | space. I dunno. Sounds like a novel concept that's never
               | been tried.
        
               | tastyfreeze wrote:
               | Before the internet? Things are a bit different now. HFT
               | monopolized the market maker/arbitrage money with
               | millisecond executions that nobody can compete with.
        
               | steveBK123 wrote:
               | You said "If low latency trading was banned real humans
               | could compete for that money."
               | 
               | As soon as you re-introduce distance, latency becomes a
               | factor again. How do you eliminate "low latency trading"
               | and prioritize "real humans" without putting them in the
               | same room?
               | 
               | What do you actually propose here?
               | 
               | One way to reduce the impact of latency is to do away
               | with continuous trading and move to frequent but discrete
               | auctions. But this would just increase volatility.
               | 
               | Imagine if every X minutes / hours stocks moved Y% like
               | they do at market open, as all the information that was
               | disseminated since the last auction was re-priced in.
               | 
               | If anything the long term trend has been towards longer
               | continuous trading sessions to reduce those types of
               | jumps.
        
               | Galanwe wrote:
               | > That is a fair amount of money
               | 
               | Honestly, that's not even a peanut compared to what more
               | typical finance institutions manage and earn.
               | 
               | Your typical institutional investor (pension funds,
               | insurance company, fund of fund, bank, etc) manages in
               | the 100s to 1000 billions. Each.
               | 
               | The whole HFT industry probably makes what a single
               | institutional investor earns by buying US debt at 1%.
               | 
               | The HFT industry really is just a small microcosm, it
               | just so happens that it triggers dreams and fantaisies in
               | the public mind.
               | 
               | > If low latency trading was banned real humans could
               | compete for that money.
               | 
               | But that's what we had before, and was it better ? I
               | don't think having 1000s of trader monkeys buying and
               | selling while refreshing their price feeds or shouting in
               | a pit is any better.
               | 
               | At the end of the day, as long as there will be market
               | inefficiencies, there will be arbitragers. I don't see
               | the point of kicking those arbitraging at 1us to replace
               | them with people arbitraging at 1s or 1m.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | For a while at least HFC was able to pay a lot of money
               | to some really smart people to do some really weird high
               | performance computing projects. Sure to the industry the
               | amount of money they has wasn't even a peanut, but to a
               | normal person on the street it was still a lot of money,
               | and even to the financial industry it was still worth
               | (for a while) paying high salaries to the very best for
               | that fraction of a peanut.
        
               | steveBK123 wrote:
               | I worked for a NYSE Specialist floor broker back in the
               | day.
               | 
               | HFT, in a weird way, democratized market making while
               | lowering spreads.
               | 
               | Remember it wasn't that long ago that spreads were
               | 10-100x as wide as they are today, PLUS transaction costs
               | were $5/10/50 per trade.
               | 
               | HFT & payment for order flow is what has made stock
               | trading the low fee environment it is today.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | > HFT & payment for order flow is what has made stock
               | trading the low fee environment it is today.
               | 
               | I get how payment for order flow would help enable this
               | current low upfront fee trading system we have today,
               | they're managing to get their money from places other
               | than direct fees. I don't exactly get how HFT also makes
               | it low cost. Could you further explain that? Is it that
               | mostly the people paying for the order flow is pretty
               | much exclusively HFTs, and if they didn't exist the order
               | flow market wouldn't exist?
               | 
               | Making up numbers here, if the HFTs manage to squeeze a
               | dollar of profit out of the order flow data after buying
               | my trade data for a dollar (two dollars of spread they
               | manage to find), is that really better than me paying a
               | dollar or two in fees for that order? It would be
               | interesting to see the real values in question here on
               | such things to actually gauge what is better for an
               | average trader now trading in the low to zero fee trade
               | market.
        
               | Galanwe wrote:
               | > I don't exactly get how HFT also makes it low cost
               | 
               | Because most HFT firms are also market makers. You can
               | see them basically as middlemen that are mandated by the
               | exchange to provide liquidity on both bid and ask by the
               | market. These liquidity mandates reduce the spread for
               | other traders, and in exchange market makers have lower,
               | or even positive fees (i.e. they are _paid_ to trade).
               | 
               | Usually, market makers use these rebates to earn money by
               | taking a passive order risk on behalf of an aggressive
               | order from a flow they bought.
               | 
               | Think of it that way:
               | 
               | You're an exchange, you want people to trade on your
               | platform, that's how you earn money.
               | 
               | For people to trade on your platform, you need liquidity,
               | actual shares to buy and sell. So you invite market
               | makers on your platform, and sign a contract with them,
               | along the lines of "you have 0 trading fee but in
               | exchange you need to provide $X of liquidity on bid and
               | ask at any time and ensure a spread <Ybps".
               | 
               | Market makers accepting to on-board now have to somehow
               | make a living while providing liquidity, but this is a
               | risky business, because they are basically market making
               | for people that are _more_ informed than them (they have
               | adverse selection by design), and they have to respect
               | their mandate of providing liquidity. That is, if a stock
               | goes down, and people start selling it, the market maker
               | still need to provide liquidity for sellers and buyers,
               | which means maybe he will have to actually buy these
               | shares that are tanking.
               | 
               | Usually the pure market making mandate is close to 0
               | profit, unless you spice it up with some other strategy.
               | Taking passive order risk, netting order flow, maybe
               | short term technical alpha, etc.
               | 
               | You can think of market makers and HFT basically as the
               | same people. If you trade at high frequency, you're
               | playing on micro changes in price, there's only so much a
               | stock price can realistically move in 1s. HFT is only
               | viable if you have very low, or no transaction cost.
               | That's why there's a natural overlap between HFTs and MM.
        
               | steveBK123 wrote:
               | And as a refresher for why HFT exists - it's a side
               | effect of RegNMS. RegNMS exists because the guys in funny
               | jackets in NY with palm pilots were ripping people off.
               | 
               | There was no consolidated tape and obligation for
               | exchanges to route your order for Best Execution. There
               | was no National Best Bid Best Offer.
               | 
               | There was just whatever price the exchange your broker
               | sent your order to filled you at.
               | 
               | Some exchanges _cough_ NASDAQ _cough_ used to do things
               | like display sub-penny quotes even though they only
               | filled at full penny increments. So they could attract
               | flow advertising prices they wouldn 't file you at. See
               | Rule 612.
        
               | steveBK123 wrote:
               | Spreads on bid/ask used to literally be at least 25cents,
               | they didn't even use decimals. Would you rather pay 1 guy
               | in a funny jacket with a palm pilot in NY 25 penny or a
               | bunch of computer nerds sniping each other 1 penny?
               | 
               | Let's say you buy $10k of some $50 stock today and decide
               | to sell tomorrow. In the old days you'd have paid say $10
               | to your broker to buy, and $10 again to sell. Your bid-
               | ask spread in isolation of any price changes in the stock
               | would be 25cents per share x ($10k / $50 = 200 shares) =
               | another $50 in spread. So you're all-in transaction costs
               | would have been $70.
               | 
               | Now you probably have a no-fee brokerage, and generally a
               | penny spread. So same formula is 1cent per share x (200
               | shares) = $2 in spread + $0 in fees. So you're all-in
               | transaction costs would be $2.
               | 
               | $2 vs $70 on $10k round trip investment. 2bps vs 70bps.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | > the SEC should grow the courage
               | 
               | In the current political environment, I don't see SEC (or
               | any other gov't agency) growing courage anytime soon.
               | Well, other than DOGE acting like an energy vampire
               | growing stronger off of its victims.
        
               | jethro_tell wrote:
               | Yeah, the time to grow the courage to do the right thing
               | was the last 4 years but seems on one could be bothered
               | so now we are here
        
               | elzbardico wrote:
               | Too bad they used the last 4 years mostly to do the
               | absurdly stupid wrong thing.
        
               | atomicnumber3 wrote:
               | Just for the record, the latency arb / microwave networks
               | speed game is basically dead as of 2018-2021. Looks at
               | Virtu, formerly classic examples of the trade and now
               | almost entirely "switched sides" and doing order
               | execution services for the same big banks whose lunch
               | they were formerly eating.
               | 
               | Furthermore, the wireless stuff is commoditized at this
               | point. You can just rent to be on the wireless that
               | Apsara (et al) offer, and while some have private
               | networks, there's not enough money left in the trade (see
               | above) to be worth it if you don't already have one.
               | 
               | This is combined with liquidity moving away from public
               | exchanges (both the lits and darks) towards being matched
               | internally/by a partner (PFOF matching), which is purely
               | a win for retail traders and is its own force that isn't
               | going away. (Go on robinhood and buy 2 shares of SPY. It
               | fills instantly. People love that. You can't _just_ go
               | get 2 shares of SPY off the lits, so where dyou think
               | those are coming from?)
               | 
               | Traditional HFT is dead. The only extent any of the firms
               | are still alive is the extent to which they've moved on
               | to other trades, many of which are so much less latency
               | sensitive that the microwave edge doesn't really give you
               | enough alpha to be worth it.
               | 
               | (I worked for a firm for a long time that _didnt_ move on
               | to other trades... so I 'm quite familiar with the
               | scene.)
        
               | areyousure wrote:
               | > You can't _just_ go get 2 shares of SPY off the lits,
               | so where dyou think those are coming from?
               | 
               | Why can't you just get 2 shares on an exchange?
        
               | ddulaney wrote:
               | Exchange trading happens in round lots that are usually
               | 100 shares.
               | 
               | This is pretty much just a legacy thing, but so many
               | technical systems have this assumption built in that
               | while odd-lot trading (trades not in the round lot size)
               | has become a little more common on the exchanges, it's
               | still treated weirdly by the various systems involved.
               | 
               | But also, it's _better for you_ as a retail investor, to
               | get them from a middleman, because they will generally
               | give you a better price than the exchange. They will give
               | you a better price because retail traders tend on average
               | to be worse at trading than the overall market. You
               | should take advantage of that, regardless of your actual
               | ability level.
        
               | areyousure wrote:
               | My research suggests that the majority of on-exchange
               | trades are odd lots.
               | 
               | For stocks like SPY (those over $500 per share!), the
               | vast majority of orders are odd lots.
               | 
               | This article is many years old and already has data
               | strongly in that direction:
               | https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/odd-facts-about-odd-
               | lots-202...
        
               | atomicnumber3 wrote:
               | Odd lots don't contribute to the NBBO, and placing an
               | order for an odd lot doesn't have to execute within the
               | NBBO. (People can trade "past" you, I am pretty sure
               | ISO's don't need to clear you, etc). (Note these are
               | rules for market participants, not retail customers). So
               | for a firm trying to argue they provide excellent price
               | improvement and execution efficiency for their customers,
               | they can't "just" send the orders to the lits.
               | 
               | And even if they could "just" do so, internal matching
               | typically provides _better_ price improvement on the NBBO
               | than even the best execution you could get off the lits.
               | 
               | Edit: But yes TBC, you're correct that odd lot trades
               | aren't unusual. But you're seeing trades there by actual
               | market participants, not retail orders. They're not just
               | trying to get those 2 shares, there's a broader strategy
               | and they're aware of all the above nitty gritty.
        
               | areyousure wrote:
               | Sadly, firms abuse odd lot rules to give people terrible
               | prices: https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/
               | 2y01-1s13/d...
               | 
               | In example 3, the NBBO for stock ABC is 495--500, but
               | there is also an odd lot offer for 497 on exchange. If a
               | Robinhood customer sends a market buy order, then Citadel
               | is allowed to fill it for 499.999 even though it's better
               | to send to the exchange. (And if they then pick up the
               | odd lot themselves, it's easy arbitrage.)
               | 
               | By the way, while you're correct about some of your
               | claims, odd lot executions definitely have to occur
               | within the NBBO. (How could it be otherwise?) Otherwise,
               | in the example above, Citadel would give an even worse
               | price!
        
               | Galanwe wrote:
               | There are per ticker rules to allow odd lots on most US
               | markets. AFAIK unless you're trading penny stocks, every
               | stock out there is entitled for odd lots, and most trades
               | are indeed odd lots, that has been the case for 10 years
               | at least.
               | 
               | Even if there wasn't, I guess at least half the trading
               | on stocks is through CFDs and not cash, so lots aren't
               | even a thing for most investors.
        
           | eej71 wrote:
           | It very well might be a listings play, but I have yet to see
           | any new venue really crack the "listings code". IEX has
           | tried. I guess CBOE BATS has had some success? LTSE wants too
           | as well, but not sure they had success either.
        
             | bhaney wrote:
             | Can I get an ELI5 of "listings play" and "crack the
             | listings code"?
        
               | decimalenough wrote:
               | Make an exchange attractive to new listings.
               | 
               | Currently NASDAQ and NYSE have a stranglehold on this, to
               | the extent that tech companies anywhere in the world are
               | much more likely to list on NASDAQ in particular as
               | opposed to their local market.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | I'm not sure what the point of traditional exchanges are
               | anymore. In 1890 it made sense to have a common place for
               | the agents of everyone who want to trade to be in one
               | room so that when you wanted to buy stock your agent
               | could match you up with someone else who wants to sell.
               | However computers can do that digitally these days and so
               | all an exchange does is give rules (keeping the worst
               | scam companies out)
        
               | eej71 wrote:
               | The vast majority of trading is done digitally these
               | days.
               | 
               | For an overview of how much flows through each venue,
               | CBOE has this nice summary page.
               | 
               | https://www.cboe.com/us/equities/market_share/
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Exactly my point.
        
               | eej71 wrote:
               | Confusingly AMEX and ARCA also have a listings business,
               | but that's also owned by NYSE or at least owned by ICE
               | which owns NYSE.
               | 
               | IEX tried. I think they had a few listings for a while,
               | but it just didn't work out.
               | 
               | LTSE really wanted to get into this business and I think
               | they are trying by some sort of dual listing strategy,
               | but I think that just costs the listing company even more
               | fees and like... what's the point?
               | 
               | And as mentioned CBOE's BATS has a bunch. But I think
               | they are just low volume four letter ETFs.
               | 
               | I think cracking the code would consist of offering a
               | service that really solves a problem that the listing
               | company's CFO or investor relations team has such that
               | only the listing venue could solve.
               | 
               | At any rate, good luck to those who try, so far its just
               | a trail of gravestones of those who tried and failed.
        
               | HolyLampshade wrote:
               | At least with AMEX you have the historical case for Tape
               | B listings, and with ARCA the strong local ETF business.
               | 
               | LTSE is _trying_ to be principled, but I see this
               | similarly to the TXSE /NYSE TX thing where they're trying
               | to capitalize on a cultural issue that is fleeting and
               | the general public really doesn't care about.
               | 
               | Poor BZX has never really recovered from botching their
               | own IPO. Similar to how Nasdaq lost a bunch of business
               | to NYSE following the Facebook IPO fiasco. As a corporate
               | board I imagine you'd _really_ need to justify why you
               | would take the extra risk of working with an unproven
               | exchange when it comes to your first day of trading.
        
             | HolyLampshade wrote:
             | My understanding is they were shooting for ETF listings,
             | which are arguably the easiest listings business to
             | establish in if you have the right sales team (due to the
             | lighter regulatory regime compared to listing common
             | stock).
             | 
             | They were also making a play at trying to capture listings
             | for companies looking to reincorporate in TX (think of it
             | as a 'social issue' campaign; same as what the LTSE guys
             | are shooting for).
             | 
             | That all said, I definitely do not disagree with you. While
             | I think they at least have more justification to launch a
             | venue than MEMX did, I am highly skeptical of their ability
             | to pull listings business away from NY. The Big Board and
             | Nasdaq have it on lock.
        
           | GenerWork wrote:
           | >I wish one of these venues would have the conviction to put
           | their whole kit in Dallas, or somewhere else in TX, but the
           | industry would throw a fit because of what it would mean for
           | the cost to access the market.
           | 
           | I realize this is probably super complex, but can you explain
           | this more? Specifically, what does cost mean in this context?
           | Is this in terms of listing on an exchange, or cost benefit
           | such as being physically further away from NYSE or Nasdaq?
        
             | bobthepanda wrote:
             | If you are doing HFT every ms counts, to the point where
             | firms spend billions on new submarine cables between New
             | York and London to shave off time
        
               | azinman2 wrote:
               | That would imply the decision making is happening outside
               | of the locale. Why wouldn't a firm just have their
               | algorithms run loose on a machine as close to the source
               | as possible?
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | Because you need to be close to the other venues where
               | the symbol trades.
        
               | positr0n wrote:
               | What's happening is arbitrage between New York and
               | London, not decision making in London for New York listed
               | stocks.
        
               | HolyLampshade wrote:
               | Various financial products have value impact on other
               | products around the world. In order to price orders
               | appropriately in a given region you need the most up-to-
               | date price information available, especially if you are
               | looking to avoid being on the receiving end of arbitrage
               | trades. The same is obviously true for the arbitrageurs.
        
       | TheAlchemist wrote:
       | Funny that this gets a lot of uploads here.
       | 
       | This is pretty meaningless actually. It's 'just another' exchange
       | in the US - there are already plenty, you can trade any stock you
       | want on any exchange you want. There may be other (laxist) rules
       | for primary listing on that exchange, but other than that, it
       | doesn't add any value - there will probably be close to 0 volume
       | traded on it. And the servers will probably run in the same data
       | center that current NYSE.
       | 
       | If the servers are actually located in Texas, and there is some
       | volume traded, then it could get interesting as in the US, there
       | are rules about 'best execution' that restricts how and where
       | brokers can trade.
        
         | addicted wrote:
         | It's not even another exchange.
         | 
         | It's NYSE Chicago rebranding.
        
         | mr_mitm wrote:
         | I'm also confused by the confusion. My German broker shows me
         | something like ten exchanges (all in Germany) in the app where
         | I can trade securities. I always thought it was weird that the
         | US, being by far the biggest player in the market, only had one
         | exchange. (Even though I just learned in this thread that there
         | are actually multiple already.)
        
           | Galanwe wrote:
           | It's historical.
           | 
           | The US always had the same currency, so shares are almost by
           | design fungible between markets. Also the rise of Nasdaq made
           | for a quick transition to broker-dealer (market maker driven)
           | markets, which combined with fungible shares and NBBO lead to
           | a centralisation of exchanges early on.
           | 
           | On the contrary, Europe had historically one market of
           | primary listing per country/currency, and it took a long time
           | to see the emergence of MTFs centralizing books in a single
           | place. Don't be fooled though, the vast majority of European
           | liquidity is now on CBOE (the leading MTF) and LSE (the
           | leading primary market).
        
           | TheAlchemist wrote:
           | There are numerous exchanges in the US. The trading is mostly
           | done on NYSE / NASDAQ although some others do trade a
           | meaningful volume.
           | 
           | What happens when you click in your app on 'buy' or 'sell'
           | button is a different story. Mostly, it will never trade on
           | an exchange actually. Especially in the US. Look up 'payment
           | for order flow' if you're interested in it. Short version is
           | - retail trades don't have any 'alpha' - you can just collect
           | the spread executing it. And companies are willing to pay for
           | that.
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | If this was NYSE Montana, nobody would care. Texas is
           | important news because all the big companies are currently
           | moving to Texas to avoid regulations.
        
       | kensai wrote:
       | Why do they close NYSE Chicago though?
        
         | jonstewart wrote:
         | Chicagoans are not dumb enough to list on a local exchange
         | these days, over the NYSE. Texans, though?
        
           | travoc wrote:
           | It's cute that you think stock exchanges are only used by
           | people who live in that city.
        
           | TeaBrain wrote:
           | The problem with NYSE Chicago, formerly the Chicago Stock
           | Exchange, was not that it was in Chicago, but that it was not
           | liquid. CBOE operates four equity exchanges, formerly
           | operated by BATS, which was based in Lenexa, Kansas of all
           | places. From what I've read, the value of NYSE Chicago is
           | simply in the exchange license. NYSE bought it when it was
           | the Chicago Stock Exchange in 2018, when it was already an
           | illiquid skeleton of an exchange.
        
         | nemo44x wrote:
         | Because Chicago is becoming more and more irrelevant as a place
         | to do business. Great city but decades of bad management adds
         | up unfortunately.
        
           | jeremiemyhren wrote:
           | That is patently false and nothing but rhetoric. Chicago has
           | been consistently number 1 or top 5 for corporate (inbound)
           | relocations over the past decade. Doesn't fit the narrative
           | so you might doubt me, google it. NYSE bought the CHX in 2018
           | which was nearly defunct in terms of volume even then for
           | access to its SEC license. They are posturing to ensure if
           | Texas based exchanges take hold they are a part of the story
           | vs letting the incumbent Texas Stock Exchange win that market
           | uncontested. Time will tell if either exchange gets traction
           | toward relevance or if this fizzles out entirely as the
           | Chicago based exchange was doing.
        
           | Cornbilly wrote:
           | That's not why this exchange is getting moved but nice hot
           | take.
           | 
           | The exchange struggled with the transition to electronic
           | trading 20+ years ago and never recovered. My firm stopped
           | tracking volume from CHX over a decade ago because it's
           | essentially irrelevant.
           | 
           | The current owners, ICE, have been sitting on it since they
           | purchased it and this is an easy way to open an exchange to
           | rival the Texas Stock Exchange without applying for a brand
           | new license.
        
         | xyst wrote:
         | I guess NYSE feels operating 2 exchanges in the same region
         | (Midwest) is unnecessary expense.
         | 
         | There's plenty of confusion on my part as to the exact purpose
         | of a NYSE branch.
         | 
         | I thought it was to pre-empt the effort by some shady TX folks
         | from setting up their own exchange (TSE). But, I don't think
         | that's the case.
         | 
         | It doesn't seem to matter if you "list" at NYSE Chicago or
         | NYSE. It will still be available for sell/buy in NYSE. Thus
         | these companies still under regulatory oversight and mandatory
         | reporting of NYSE.
         | 
         | The NYSE Chicago branch, to me, is just a convenient place to
         | buy/sell securities listed on NYSE. In the pre-digital age,
         | this makes sense. No need to go to NYC or establish
         | relationships in NY, but can deal locally at the NYSE branch
         | and get the same rates. But in this modern age, the exact
         | purpose eludes me.
         | 
         | I did find this on the Wiki page:
         | 
         | > In 2016, CHX rolled out its on-demand auction product, CHX
         | SNAP[20] (Sub-second Non-displayed Auction Process), which
         | received regulatory approval[21] from the Securities and
         | Exchange Commission in October 2015 and a thorough review from
         | the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. CHX SNAP is designed to
         | facilitate bulk trading of securities on a lit market and to
         | minimize speed and information advantages enjoyed by only a few
         | market participants.
         | 
         | Perhaps plan is to rollback some protections and give more
         | advantage to the much more wealthier market participants?
        
           | kasey_junk wrote:
           | There is no such thing as a "Chicago Branch" in this case.
           | This is purely a corporate legal move.
           | 
           | I'd be surprised if they moved the matching engine out of
           | mahwah.
        
         | kasey_junk wrote:
         | Chx/nyse chicago has never really caught on as a venue as it
         | didn't have much to distinguish it from the pack of second tier
         | exchanges. Especially given cboe local dominance.
         | 
         | It's mostly a marketing move to take advantage of the pro-Texas
         | stuff that has been swirling lately.
        
       | andyjohnson0 wrote:
       | > "Texas is a market leader in fostering a pro-business
       | atmosphere,"
       | 
       | > and business-friendly regulatory agenda.
       | 
       | So whats the deal here? Something about taxes? Or looser
       | regulation/oversight?
        
         | officialchicken wrote:
         | All the above, Enron as a Market.
        
         | renegade-otter wrote:
         | I would wager it's the latter. This will be the golden age of
         | white collar crime, cons, and machinations. This is how this
         | _always_ ends.
         | 
         | Oh, your taxes will go up - someone will have to foot the bill.
        
           | andyjohnson0 wrote:
           | The timing is certainly convincing. The SEC pivoting to focus
           | on "innovation" (which I take to be crypto) and "capital
           | formation", CFPB being shut-down, etc. It'll be interesting
           | to see what happens when the wheels fall off, Enron style.
           | 
           | Capitalism interprets regulation as damage and routes around
           | it, as someone might have said.
        
             | yndoendo wrote:
             | USA has shown they will support corrupt companies with tax
             | dollars. This will be another 2008 crash where the
             | government welfare for companies will continue. Real
             | capitalism would let those entities fail so others can pick
             | them apart and attempt to do better.
             | 
             | How long will it manifest, 4, 8, 10, 20 years? The
             | deregulated mortgage started in the 1980s and it took
             | almost 25 years to break everything.
             | 
             | Most likely it will hit foreign the hardest and set off a
             | global recession for those countries that bought in.
             | 
             | Will there be any that are smarter and either buy in early
             | and sell early or go to another country for a stable
             | investment? Those would be the ones to most easily weather
             | the storm.
             | 
             | Guessing USA retirement investments will take a big hit. So
             | more homeless.
             | 
             | Also foresee politics pushing companies to invest in the
             | Texas stock market for tax subsidies and to gain government
             | contracts and benefits. Could be bigger than 2008.
        
               | treyd wrote:
               | > Real capitalism would let those entities fail so others
               | can pick them apart and attempt to do better.
               | 
               | This _is_ what real capitalism does. It has a built-in
               | incentive to support a state that enables firms to
               | socialize the losses and privatize the profits.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | That isn't capitalism-the-concept. That's a perverse
               | incentive leading to an undesired outcome in the real
               | world.
               | 
               | Whether or not that outcome is an inevitable consequence
               | of the ideology is an entirely different discussion.
        
           | ourmandave wrote:
           | As long as they can keep the lights on.
        
             | bilbo0s wrote:
             | I see what you did there.
             | 
             | Touche.
        
           | throw0101c wrote:
           | > _I would wager it 's the latter. This will be the golden
           | age of white collar crime, cons, and machinations. This is
           | how this_ always _ends._
           | 
           | So another S&L?
           | 
           | > _At the end of 1988, 2,969 thrifts remained active. This
           | was over three hundred less than in 1985 and over a thousand
           | less than in 1980. These failures were highly geographically
           | concentrated: a third of the failures from 1985 forward
           | occurred in just three states: California, Texas, and
           | Florida;[74] Texas accounted for 40 percent of thrift
           | failures in the worst year of the crisis, 1988.[53]_
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_and_loan_crisis#Inten
           | s...
        
             | parasense wrote:
             | I smell money!
        
             | technofiend wrote:
             | Legislation was tightened after the S & L crisis and at
             | least according to Investopedia was the itself was due in
             | part to lax oversight:
             | 
             | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sl-crisis.asp
             | 
             | *What Could Regulators Have Done Better to Solve the
             | Savings and Loan Crisis?*
             | 
             | "Regulators failed to stop savings and loans from using
             | federally insured deposits to make risky loans. Reagan also
             | cut the budget of the regulatory staff at the FHLBB,
             | removing its ability to investigate high-risk loans.
             | Certain states also passed laws that allowed savings and
             | loans to invest in speculative real estate."
             | 
             | Remains to be see if the current administration's views on
             | oversight and regulation allow a repeat.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | That lax regulation allowed:
               | 
               | >An Office of the Comptroller of the Currency study in
               | 1988 indicated fraud in 11 percent of failures between
               | 1979-87; a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation study in
               | 25 percent of failures in 1989; a Resolution Trust
               | Corporation study in 1992 found fraud in 33 percent of
               | its cases; and a 1994 General Accounting Office study
               | reported 26 percent of banks that failed in 1990-91 had
               | issues with fraud.
               | 
               | 10%-25% fraud in the industry. Yay, can't wait until I
               | have to judge whether my bank is outright fraudulent
               | again.
        
           | grandempire wrote:
           | Is NYSE the perfect level of regulation and anything less is
           | disaster?
        
             | cdblades wrote:
             | I don't think that's a fair reading of the comment you're
             | replying to.
             | 
             | Seems like a purposefully-constructed straw-man to me,
             | really.
        
               | grandempire wrote:
               | If you agree that sounds ridiculous then we will need
               | some concrete reasons why this will be true, merely
               | because there is an exchange with less regulation:
               | 
               | > This will be the golden age of white collar crime,
               | cons, and machinations.
        
               | cdblades wrote:
               | I...do agree that it sounds ridiculous, and my point was
               | that that was not what the original commenter was saying.
               | 
               | Your interpretation of their comment is far-fetched, and
               | not a useful entry into a conversation about their point.
        
               | grandempire wrote:
               | Can you explain about what you think the comment means?
               | 
               | I think it is a good point to enter the conversation
               | because it should shift to which regulations are being
               | removed and their consequence. Rather than the notion of
               | less regulation being inherently catastrophic.
               | 
               | Another answer would be yes, NYSE is already full of
               | scams, why would we go further?
               | 
               | The position I am pointing it is a little weird without
               | more information is yes NYSE is good but I can't support
               | the Texas version.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | The comment you originally responded to never implied
               | that NYSE was good (at least by my reading). Just that
               | crime would noticably increase if regulations were
               | decreased in this instance. In other words, a worsening
               | of the status quo.
               | 
               | Perhaps you didn't intend it but your original reply
               | reads as though your "question" is actually an assertion
               | about his position and that you disagree with it. AKA a
               | strawman.
        
         | vineyardmike wrote:
         | It's certainly looser regulations. NY State and NY city have
         | realized they have power over Wall Street and most publicly
         | listed companies because they are the laws that govern most
         | American stock exchanges. They've started to use that power.
        
           | diggan wrote:
           | > They've started to use that power.
           | 
           | Can you give some examples of how they used some power
           | recently, that they didn't use before?
        
             | rchaud wrote:
             | Prosecuting and convicting the current head of state comes
             | to mind.
        
               | cheema33 wrote:
               | > Prosecuting and convicting the current head of state
               | comes to mind.
               | 
               | Are you suggesting that the current head of state did not
               | commit the crimes he was found guilty of by a jury?
        
               | influx wrote:
               | He was found guilty and our justice system is flawless.
        
               | rchaud wrote:
               | See my other comment in this thread.
        
               | rsynnott wrote:
               | That was prosecution of a criminal who lived in New York
               | for a crime committed in New York; I fail to see how it
               | has any connection to the state regulating _companies_
               | who aren't based in New York but are listed in New York.
        
               | rchaud wrote:
               | I'm not saying the prosecution was unmerited, just that
               | SDNY has signaled that it _will_ prosecute, as opposed to
               | finding a reason to look the other way, as may be
               | expectation of the connected elites. The DOJ for example
               | is telling its lawyers to drop the corruption case
               | against NY police chief Adams as well, for crimes
               | committed in NY state that happen to be under federal
               | jurisdiction [0].
               | 
               | [0] https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cm274m25e4ro
        
               | rsynnott wrote:
               | Unclear what business of the DoJ's that is. But, again,
               | this seems totally unrelated to regulation or prosecution
               | of non-NY companies which are merely listed in New York.
        
             | everfrustrated wrote:
             | I believe the ~NYSE~ Nasdaq added requirements that any
             | company listed on their exchange has to follow certain
             | political (as in not economic) rules.
             | 
             | Edit: Nasdaq not NYSE
        
         | dsr_ wrote:
         | NYSE Texas will be a leader in discovering the optimal amount
         | of fraud. Expect overshoots.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | Texas wants to invite in NYC's most brutal-cunning capitalists
         | for a bit, I guess to see what it feels like to learn 40 years
         | of hard lessons all at once.
        
         | jp57 wrote:
         | Getting away from the Manhattan district attorney's office,
         | probably.
        
         | doodlebugging wrote:
         | If it works the same way the oil and gas industry regulation
         | works through the Railroad Commission then we will end up with
         | financial industry people with substantial skin in the game
         | designing the regulations. They will then enforce those
         | regulations selectively with preference being to minimize the
         | impact of enforcement operations on the bottom line of those
         | who violate the regulations. This will happen so that the
         | noncompliant operators can remain viable as businesses instead
         | of levying severe penalties for noncompliance that would cause
         | others operating in the space to take notice and voluntarily
         | comply.
         | 
         | It will come down to a situation where connections matter when
         | enforcement is considered.
        
         | chews wrote:
         | Taxes are the only reason, this allows energy companies with
         | investors who are also instate, to get the best price for
         | execution.
        
       | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
       | I saw an interesting table the other day. Uploaded here:
       | 
       | > https://ibb.co/9kRrKs90
       | 
       | > Bourgeoisie's Tier One Cities vs. Avant-Garde's Anti-Tier One
       | Cities
       | 
       | > New York City, NY -- Global finance, elite publishing,high-end
       | corporate.                  vs.
       | 
       | > Austin, TX -- Indie music, tech insurgency, rebellious
       | entrepreneurialism
       | 
       | The NYSE is apparently trying to tap latent cultural energy.
        
         | personomas wrote:
         | It seems they chose Dallas.
        
         | slim wrote:
         | I interpreted it as revising national vision all the way back
         | to before civil war
        
         | dublinben wrote:
         | Where did you find this? I can't seem to find an original
         | source anywhere.
        
           | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
           | It was on Christopher Sandbatch's Twitter account about a
           | week ago. No idea where he got it.
           | 
           | https://x.com/CSandbatch/status/1888036416120144109
        
       | FrustratedMonky wrote:
       | why?
       | 
       | Is this like TED making TEDx
        
         | Thorrez wrote:
         | NYSE Chicago is moving to Texas and being renamed.
         | 
         | So it's like TEDx moving and being renamed (e.g. to TED2).
        
       | jonstewart wrote:
       | When I've visited Texas, I've always been struck by how many
       | products (cars especially) were "Texas Edition" models. I am
       | surprised SaaS companies don't offer Texas Edition plans, where
       | the app has more lonestar flags sprinkled throughout the UI for
       | an extra $10/month.
        
         | phlipski wrote:
         | Think about the target audience for those two products and
         | you'll quickly understand why a SaaS "Texas Edition" would be
         | DOA...
        
         | riskable wrote:
         | Join our cloud provider today! Now featuring Texas Billing!
        
         | doodlebugging wrote:
         | There's a lot of us down here in the one-star state that would
         | never fall for that SaaS bullshit. We're not all idiots though
         | there apparently are a lot who can't truthfully make that
         | claim.
         | 
         | Cars and trucks aren't limited to Texas editions. Some
         | automakers also offer other state-specific packages. Like the
         | Texas editions they are mostly plastic badges, cheap-ass trim
         | "upgrades", block heaters for northern states, or lift kits and
         | offroad tires for more rural states. Basically the same package
         | you can get anywhere in the country for less because it doesn't
         | mention a specific state.
        
           | jonstewart wrote:
           | Having grown up in Wisconsin... block heaters are a useful
           | part to have! Especially in decades past, before fuel
           | injection was solved.
           | 
           | I've never seen another state-specific car model package,
           | though will take on faith there may be others.
        
             | doodlebugging wrote:
             | I read on a thread from our favorite LLM training dataset
             | that Alaska ha(s/d) a special edition with block heater,
             | lift kit, tires, and badging. There was also an Arkansas
             | edition supposedly. I think it probably had all the knobs
             | and buttons in primary colors with flash cards for their
             | illiterati's. (I have kin in Arkansas so maybe just joking,
             | but probably not really). I'm pretty sure I have seen a
             | Wyoming edition RAM or something taking advantage of their
             | incorrect state nickname as the "Cowboy State". Having
             | spent a good bit of time in Wyoming I can assure you there
             | are probably more sheep than in any other state though,
             | being from Texas, I did have to listen to the steers and
             | queers quip way back then until I reminded the teller that
             | he was a sheepherder and not a real cowboy.
        
           | dangus wrote:
           | First paragraph: we're not all idiots.
           | 
           | Second paragraph: we're kind of idiots.
           | 
           | Texas education ranking: 43rd
        
             | doodlebugging wrote:
             | I have no reasonable defense against the logical truth.
             | 
             | Just want to point out that the first paragraph does offer
             | the likelihood that there are exceptions to the conclusion
             | one could reach by reading the second paragraph.
             | 
             | The third point you make is very sad though it has not
             | always been true. We are certainly in the dumb part of the
             | cycle. With the right leadership and structural changes in
             | state programs we will retake the high ground. I think this
             | is a deep hole that they have dug but luckily there are
             | only 7 more places to fall before our embarrassing
             | situation takes us even lower than the lowest US territory
             | scores.
             | 
             | Maybe we're already there. I'm just hoping for future
             | generations of Texans that there will not be a dead cat
             | bounce at the bottom.
        
         | randcraw wrote:
         | I lived in Houston a couple of years. Texas is mostly a state
         | of mind -- the promotion of "Lone Starry-eyed-ness" as a world
         | view that's uniquely suited to curing whatever ails the human
         | condition, but coupled to a willfulness to disregard whether it
         | actually does.
         | 
         | If you want to understand the Texan world view better, read
         | Texas Monthly, a very well-written monthly magazine on Texas
         | affairs that IMO tries hard not to pull punches while keeping
         | them above the belt.
        
       | maz1b wrote:
       | Why leave Chicago?
        
         | Cornbilly wrote:
         | NYSE Chicago (formerly the Chicago Stock Exchange) hasn't been
         | relevant for a long time and it's easier to move the existing
         | exchange license than file for a brand new one.
         | 
         | And I don't think this exchange has been centrally staffed in
         | nearly a decade, possibly longer.
        
           | randcraw wrote:
           | Right. Everything I've read says the operation will be
           | entirely automated/virtual. This decision is clearly intended
           | to get away from Illinois's operating regulations and move
           | toward Texas' looser reins.
        
       | nabla9 wrote:
       | I can foresee a big hat Texas Crypto boom that will zero
       | retirement plans from middle class MAGA and libertarian tech bro
       | crowd in 8 years.
        
       | pimlottc wrote:
       | What does this mean for Chicago? Certainly seems like a loss for
       | them. Does this reflect any broader trends about Chicago's
       | position as a financial hub?
        
         | minimax wrote:
         | It doesn't mean anything for Chicago. "NYSE Chicago" is an
         | electronic exchange hosted in New Jersey. It has Chicago in the
         | name because NYSE bought the old Chicago Stock Exchange in 2018
         | (which was partially hosted in Chicago and partially in NJ...
         | it was weird). To my knowledge post-2018 NYSE Chicago never had
         | any trading operations in Chicago. NYSE does have sales people
         | in Chicago because of the large prop trading community in the
         | city and it would be hard to see how this NYSE Texas situation
         | changes that.
        
           | dangus wrote:
           | In other words, NYSE wants technical operations in a state
           | with piss poor labor protections.
        
         | cosmic_quanta wrote:
         | Chicago remains the hub for commodities
        
       | anonu wrote:
       | More PR than anything. The way these things work is a press
       | release is made off the back of regulatory filings. Market
       | interest and chatter is gauged. Then the slow cogs of the SEC
       | start grinding. Remember the "ARCA 24 hour trading" press release
       | from a few months back? Yeah, we still dont have that...
       | 
       | Also note that there are 16+ exchanges in the US with protected
       | quotes. And 30+ dark pools (ATSs). There are many venues to
       | trade.
        
         | timisthief wrote:
         | The CEO of ICE (the holding company of NYSE) is married to
         | Kelly Loeffler, who was the republican senator from Georgia
         | from 2020-2021.
        
           | Etheryte wrote:
           | That's an interesting tidbit, but how is this related to the
           | discussion? Maybe I'm missing something?
        
             | Me000 wrote:
             | The political aspect of these is what made them successful,
             | not hard work. So they are evil.
        
       | vagab0nd wrote:
       | So how much more money will be spent on fiber optics and
       | microwave towers?
        
       | steveBK123 wrote:
       | Theres a good Oddlots episode on the business of running a small
       | exchange. There's some money to be made in data & connectivity
       | fees essentially. Largely around regulatory compliance due to
       | RegNMS (the thing that created BBO).
       | 
       | There's plenty of these small exchanges like MEMX and MIAX,
       | nothing new under the sun here.
        
         | HolyLampshade wrote:
         | Bingo. The transactions business has largely been commoditized
         | (esp because of the vast array of ATSes that are available to
         | be traded on), so the only way to force business and guarantee
         | month-over-month revenue is in market data and connectivity (it
         | also explains why NYSE, Nasdaq, and Cboe have leaned very
         | heavily on data/connectivity business lines for generating new
         | revenue over the last ten years; or in Nasdaq's case especially
         | focusing on 'peripheral' businesses). Listings as well
         | generates some revenue, but is a much harder business to get
         | into.
        
           | steveBK123 wrote:
           | The market data business is quite an oligopoly
        
       | outside1234 wrote:
       | What is the real reason for this? Is it so you can list something
       | fraudulent or avoid security regulations?
        
       | k-i-r-t-h-i wrote:
       | Sigh... more exchanges. More fees. Worse execution for retail,
       | better for trading firms.
       | 
       | https://www.cboe.com/us/equities/market_share/
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | A monopoly is better for retail consumers?
         | 
         | I get that quants can get their alpha and whatever higher order
         | terms, but if a consumer is buying to hold or using some other
         | non-day trading strategy, why is this bad?
        
           | daveguy wrote:
           | > A monopoly is better for retail consumers?
           | 
           | I'm confused why The New York Stock Exchange opening another
           | NYSE office location has anything to do with monopoly status.
           | The New York Stock Exchange is obviously still going to own
           | both. If it was a monopoly before opening a second location
           | it still will be, same as if it wasn't a monopoly.
        
         | verteu wrote:
         | Why would a new exchange result in worse retail fills? They're
         | obligated to get the NNBO price across all exchanges, and much
         | of the retail flow doesn't even hit exchanges at all
         | (internalized by Citadel/Virtu).
        
       | nuc1e0n wrote:
       | Shouldn't it be called TXSE rather than NYSE Texas?
        
         | gre wrote:
         | Maybe it should, but that already exists (and is launching in
         | 2026). See the thread about it in this discussion [1].
         | 
         | https://www.txse.com/
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43046115
        
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