[HN Gopher] 5G networks meet consumer needs as mobile data growt...
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       5G networks meet consumer needs as mobile data growth slows
        
       Author : saigovardhan
       Score  : 120 points
       Date   : 2025-02-12 17:04 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spectrum.ieee.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spectrum.ieee.org)
        
       | DannyBee wrote:
       | Um, the airspeed analogy used up front is remarkably silly.
       | 
       | Nobody would shrug at being able to fly 2x faster. The reason it
       | stopped is because it made lots of noise and was expensive. Not
       | because it was not needed.
       | 
       | I think you'd be hard pressed to find anyone who would not want
       | faster flights if it could be done at reasonable cost.
        
         | datadrivenangel wrote:
         | If Tbp speed internet was the same cost and effort as Gbps/Mbps
         | internet, obviously faster is better! The marginal returns on
         | speed in most settings drop off pretty quickly.
        
         | kelnos wrote:
         | Yeah I think the level of diminishing returns takes a while to
         | reach when you're taking about flights. I'd be thrilled to drop
         | a 6 hour flight down to 3 hours. Or 1.5. Or 45 minutes. Or 20.
         | Or 10. Or instantaneous teleportation.
         | 
         | But if there are little to no applications for faster Internet
         | speeds -- which for the most part there aren't -- then it just
         | kinda doesn't matter.
        
       | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
       | Oh boy oh boy I'm excited for the 5G shutdown when the phone I
       | haven't even bought yet will quit working :)
        
         | jsbisviewtiful wrote:
         | I know you are being sarcastic but 3G antennas in the US were
         | only just recently shut down. 20~ years isn't bad for how
         | rapidly tech advancement has been happening in the recent
         | decades. Obviously AM and FM radio have been continuing for far
         | longer than that but there are legal and logistical reasons for
         | that, at least for now.
        
           | xattt wrote:
           | Similar to how Apple how moved forward with breaking
           | compatibility for apps with older OS X versions.
        
         | SR2Z wrote:
         | I get the spirit of what you're trying to say (I think) but the
         | truth is that wireless spectrum is an extremely scarce
         | resource. It is bad policy to let inefficient protocols use it
         | without good reason - 2G has the status of "lowest common
         | denominator" and that's probably the only baseline that you
         | should be able to rely on.
         | 
         | There are a ton of other inefficient allocations of spectrum^1,
         | but not all spectrum is suitable for all purposes and the bands
         | for cellular connectivity are highly sought after.
         | 
         | 1:
         | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/United_S...
        
       | kfarr wrote:
       | I was hoping to see some mention of latency. Agree with the
       | premise that for most consumer applications we don't need much
       | more wireless throughput but latency still seems way worse than
       | Ethernet heyday times in college
        
         | ianburrell wrote:
         | LTE latency is 20-50ms, 5G is 1ms, Gigabit Ethernet is less
         | than 1ms, Wifi is 2-3ms. Overall latency is more about
         | distance, 300km is 1ms, number of hops, and response times.
         | 
         | With mobile, I bet contention and poor signal are more of an
         | issue. 5G is a noticeable improvement over LTE, and I am not
         | sure they can do much better.
        
           | the_mitsuhiko wrote:
           | > 5G is 1ms
           | 
           | I have never seen this. Where do I have to get 5G service to
           | see these latencies?
        
             | supertrope wrote:
             | 1ms to the cell tower. Even on fiber Internet there's still
             | single digit ms latency to servers in the same metro area.
             | Only T-Mobile has deployed 5G SA (standalone). ATT and
             | Verizon use 5G NSA (non standalone) which is a 4G control
             | channel bonded with 5G channels so it has 4G latency.
        
               | readthenotes1 wrote:
               | Pretty sure splitting up latency by useless endpoints is
               | not a relevant way to do it.
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | When 5G first rolled out this was absolutely not the case.
           | Not only was it not 1ms, it was like full 1000's of ms to the
           | point where I actively turned off 5G on my iPhone because it
           | was so bad.
           | 
           | I can only speculate 5G was so saturated on the initial
           | rollout so it led to congestion and now its stabilized. But
           | latency isn't only affected by distance and hops - congestion
           | matters.
        
             | rsynnott wrote:
             | Could be lots of things. I'd go with "your telco was doing
             | something stupid" as a first guess, tbh.
        
           | refulgentis wrote:
           | This is blatantly false. I will bet many $$$ that no one in
           | this thread has ever gotten 1ms.
           | 
           | If you search "5g latency", Google's AI answer says 1 ms,
           | followed by another quote lift from Thales Group(tm) saying
           | 4G was 20 ms and 5G is 1ms.
           | 
           | Once you scroll past the automated attempts, you start
           | getting real info.
           | 
           | Actual data is in the "SpeedTest Award Report" PDF, retrieved
           | from https://www.speedtest.net/awards/united_states/ via http
           | s://www.speedtest.net/awards/reports/2024/2024_UnitedSta....
           | 
           | Spoiler: 23 ms median for fastest provider, T-mobile.
        
             | BenjiWiebe wrote:
             | Latency to where? Speedtest servers or cell towers?
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | I assume Speedtest servers, as they wouldn't have a way
               | to get measurements for individual cell towers at scale.
               | 
               | (at least, I don't recall being able to get that sort of
               | info from iOS APIs, nor have I ever seen data that would
               | have required being derived that way)
        
           | yaantc wrote:
           | LTE total latency is 20-50 ms, and you compare this to the
           | marketing "air link only" 5G latency of 1 ms. It's apple and
           | oranges ;)
           | 
           | FYI, the air link latency for LTE was given as 4-5 ms. FDD as
           | it's the best here. The 5G improvement to 1ms would require
           | features (URLLC) that nobody implemented and nobody will: too
           | expensive for too niche markets.
           | 
           | The latency in a cellular network is mostly from the core
           | network, not the radio link anymore. Event in 4G.
           | 
           | (telecom engineer, having worked on both 4G and 5G and
           | recently out of the field)
        
             | porridgeraisin wrote:
             | Always been interested in this stuff. Where would you
             | recommend a software/math guy learn all this stuff? My end
             | goal is to understand the tech well enough to at least have
             | opinions on it. How wifi works would be great as well if
             | you're aware of any resources for that.
        
               | yaantc wrote:
               | It's a good but hard question... Because cellular is
               | huge.
               | 
               | In a professional context, nobody knows it all in
               | details. There are specializations: core network and RAN,
               | and inside RAN protocol stack vs PHY, and in PHY algos vs
               | implementation, etc.
               | 
               | You can see all the cellular specs (they're public) from
               | there: https://www.3gpp.org/specifications-
               | technologies/specificati...
               | 
               | 5G (or NR) is the series 38 at the bottom. Direct access:
               | https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/38_series
               | 
               | It's a lot ;) But a readable introduction is the 38.300
               | spec, and the latest edition for the first 5G release
               | (R15, or "f") is this one: https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs
               | /archive/38_series/38.300/3830...
               | 
               | It's about as readable as it can get. The PHY part is
               | pretty awful by comparison. If you have a PHY interest,
               | you'll need to look for technical books as the specs are
               | quite hermetic (but it's not my field either).
        
         | jquery wrote:
         | I was hoping to see any mention of large file downloads and
         | uploads. Nevermind the article's ponderous "I can't imagine any
         | use case for more than 5GB/s", that's a use case _today_ where
         | higher speeds above 5GB /s would be helpful. For example, a lot
         | of AAA games are above 100GB, with the largest game in my steam
         | library being over half a terabyte (DCS World). Ideally I
         | wouldn't have to store these games locally, but I do if I want
         | to have access to them in any reasonable amount of time.
         | 
         | It also takes ages to back up my computer. 18 terabytes of data
         | in my case, and that's after pruning another 30 terabytes of
         | data as "unnecessary" to back up.
        
           | umanwizard wrote:
           | I don't think the article ever claimed that _nobody_ would
           | ever want speeds above 5G. But you have to admit that your
           | use case is uncommon. Only a tiny fraction of people has
           | anywhere near 18 TiB stored locally and an even smaller group
           | regularly wants to do cloud backups of all of it. There are
           | various solutions for only backing up the diff since the last
           | backup, rather than uploading the full image.
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | The article is about mobile bandwidth only.
           | 
           | Are you downloading AAA games or backing up your computer
           | over mobile?
           | 
           | Also, I hope you're doing differential backups, in which case
           | it's only the initial backup should be slow. Which it's
           | _always_ going to be for something gargantuan like 18 TB!
        
             | msh wrote:
             | 5g Home internet is getting common
        
         | eber wrote:
         | I thought they were going to mention L4S or low latency low
         | loss, over 5G which seems to be in the latest 3GPP 5G-Advanced
         | Release 18 (2024) but I have no idea what the rollout of that
         | is.
         | 
         | One of the issues with this 5g vs 6g is the long-term-evolution
         | of it all -- I have no idea when/where/if-at-all I will see
         | improvements on my mobile devices for all the sub-improvements
         | of 5g or if it's only reserved for certain use cases
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | Still using 4G over here.
        
       | the_mitsuhiko wrote:
       | > Transmitting high-end 4K video today requires 15 Mb/s,
       | according to Netflix. Home broadband upgrades from, say, hundreds
       | of Mb/s to 1,000 Mb/s (or 1 Gb/s) typically make little to no
       | noticeable difference for the average end user.
       | 
       | What I find fascinating is that in a lot of situations mobile
       | phones are now way faster than wired internet for lots of people.
       | My parents never upgraded their home internet despite there being
       | fire available. They have 80MBit via DSL. Their phones however
       | due to regular upgrades now have unlimited 5G and are almost 10
       | times as fast as their home internet.
        
         | harrall wrote:
         | 5G can be extremely fast. I get 600 MBit over cellular at home.
         | 
         | ...and we only pay for 500 MBit for my home fiber. (Granted,
         | also 500 Mbit upload.)
         | 
         | (T-Mobile, Southern California)
        
           | throitallaway wrote:
           | Sure but I'll take the latency, jitter, and reliability of
           | that fiber over cellular any day.
        
             | vel0city wrote:
             | The reliability is definitely a bigger question, jitter a
             | bit more questionable, but as far as latency goes 5G fixed
             | wireless can be just fine. YMMV, but on a lot of spots
             | around my town it's pretty comparable latency/jitter-wise
             | as my home fiber connection to similar hosts. And
             | connecting home is often <5ms throughout the city.
        
               | throitallaway wrote:
               | I was considering my cell phone and hotspot experiences
               | (not 5G fixed wireless.) I suppose that has some amount
               | of prioritization happening in order to provide a
               | "stable" experience. My experiences with LTE/5G/5GUW have
               | varied wildly based on location and time.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | Fixed wireless sometimes operates on dedicated channels
               | and priorities.
               | 
               | My experiences on portable devices have also seen some
               | mixture of performance, but I'm also on a super cheap
               | MVNO plan. Friends on more premium plans often get far
               | more consistent experiences.
        
           | reaperducer wrote:
           | _5G can be extremely fast. I get 600 MBit over cellular at
           | home._
           | 
           | Is your T-Mobile underprovisioned? Where I am, T-Mobile 5G is
           | 400Mbps at 2am, but slows to 5-10Mbps on weekdays at
           | lunchtime and during rush hours, and on weekends when the
           | bars are full.
           | 
           | Not to mention that the T-Mobile Home Internet router either
           | locks up, or reboots itself at least twice a day.
           | 
           | I put up with the inconvenience because it's either $55 to
           | T-Mobile, $100 to Verizon for even less 5G bandwidth, or $140
           | the local cable company.
        
             | harrall wrote:
             | Probably. My area used to be a T-Mobile dead zone 5 years
             | ago.
             | 
             | I also have Verizon.
             | 
             | Choice of service varies based on location heavily from my
             | experience. I'm a long time big time camper and I've driven
             | through most corners of most Western states:
             | 
             | - 1/3 will have NO cellular service
             | 
             | - 1/3 will have ONLY Verizon. If T-Mobile comes up, it's
             | unusable
             | 
             | - 1/3 remaining will have both T-Mobile and Verizon
             | 
             | My Verizon is speed capped so I can't compare that.
             | T-Mobile works better in more urban areas for me, but it's
             | unpredictable. In a medium sized costal town in Oregon,
             | Verizon might be better but I will then get half gigabit
             | T-Mobile in a different coastal town in California.
             | 
             | One thing I have learned is that those coverage maps are
             | quite accurate.
        
         | ziml77 wrote:
         | On one hand it's nice that the option for that fast wireless
         | connection is available. But on the other hand it sucks that
         | having it means the motivation for ISPs to run fiber to homes
         | in sparse towns goes from low down to none, since they can just
         | point people to the wireless options. Wireless doesn't beat the
         | reliability, latency, and consistent speeds of a fiber
         | connection.
        
           | dageshi wrote:
           | It doesn't beat it but honestly it's good enough based on my
           | experience using a 4g mobile connection as my primarily home
           | internet connection.
        
         | maxsilver wrote:
         | > Transmitting high-end 4K video today requires 15 Mb/s,
         | according to Netflix.
         | 
         | It doesn't really change their argument, but to be fair,
         | Netflix has some of the lowest picture quality of any major
         | streaming service on the market, their version of "high-end 4K"
         | is so heavily compressed, it routinely looks worse than a 15
         | year old 1080p Blu-Ray.
         | 
         | "High-end" 4K video (assuming HEVC) should really be targeting
         | 30 Mb/s average, with peaks up to 50 Mb/s. Not "15 Mb/s".
        
           | pak9rabid wrote:
           | Not to mention I doubt they're even including the bandwidth
           | necessary for 5.1 DD+ audio.
        
             | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
             | Audio doesn't require high data rates. 6 streams of
             | uncompressed 16-bit 48 kHz PCM is 4.6 Mb/s. Compression
             | knocks that down into insignificance.
        
           | nsteel wrote:
           | It's frustrating the author took this falsehood and ran with
           | it all throughout this article.
        
         | bsimpson wrote:
         | Verizon Fios sells gigabit in NYC for $80/mo.
         | 
         | They're constantly running promotions "get free
         | smartglases/video game systems/etc if you sign up for gigabit."
         | Turns out that gigabit is still way more than most people need,
         | even if it's 2025 and you spend hours per day online.
        
           | randcraw wrote:
           | That's what I pay for FIOS internet 20 miles north of Philly.
           | I suspect that's their standard rate for 1 Gb/s service
           | everywhere in the US.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | It's not that mobile is fast, it's that home internet is slow.
         | It's the same reason home internet in places like Africa, South
         | Korea and Eastern Europe is faster than in the USA and Western
         | Europe: home internet was built out on old technology
         | (cable/DSL) and never upgraded because (cynically) incumbent
         | monopolies won't allow it or (less cynically) governments don't
         | want to pay to rip up all the roads again.
        
       | md_rumpf wrote:
       | Are there really use cases for faster chips? I can run all models
       | I want on an H100 pod. No models exist that I can't run with at
       | least 64 H100s. NVIDIA should just stop.
        
       | ctoth wrote:
       | Tell me you've never backed up a NAS or downloaded a multi-
       | hundred-gigabyte game without telling me!
        
         | jquery wrote:
         | I made the exact comment somewhere else in the thread. I can't
         | believe OP's article made zero mention of that.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | You shouldn't be doing either of things over mobile, except as
         | a last resort.
         | 
         | The article is about mobile specifically.
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | For practical purposes I agree, but in principle, why not?
           | Especially in places where land-based ISP choice is not
           | abundant or have crap speeds.
           | 
           | For example, my only choice is Comcast's 1.2Gbps/25Mbps
           | service. If I need faster upload I have to tether to my
           | phone. And I rarely get anywhere near that full 1.2Gbps down.
           | 
           | And there are people in areas even less well served by
           | traditional ISPs where their primary Internet connection is
           | wireless.
        
           | jlokier wrote:
           | If I want to download a multi-hundred-gigabyte anything, I
           | switch _to_ my mobile and turn on it 's Wi-Fi hotspot. It's a
           | really noticable speed improvement, with the caveat that
           | speed varies a lot according to location and time of day.
           | 
           | My phone, a mid-range Android from 3 years ago, usually
           | downloads over 4G much faster than any of the wired or fibre
           | networks I have access too, including the supposedly newly
           | installed dual fibre links at work, or the "superfast
           | broadband" zone at my local library. It's also much faster
           | than the 4G router at home.
           | 
           | I've downloaded terabytes over my phone, including LLM
           | weights, and my provider's "unlimited" data plan seems fine
           | with it. (They say 3TB/month in the small print.)
        
       | James_K wrote:
       | I got a 5G capable phone a few months back, and I can't say I've
       | noticed a difference from my old one. (Aside from the new phone
       | being more expensive, worse UI, slower, heavier, unwieldy, filled
       | with ads, and constantly prompting me to create a "Samsung
       | account".)
        
         | dclowd9901 wrote:
         | I've found 1-bar 4G LTE to actually be enough to do work on at
         | home, to my surprise (in the occasions that my in-the-ground
         | cable connection up and dies on me). Only thing I don't get is
         | Zoom with that, but it's nice to have a good excuse not to be
         | in a meeting.
        
           | readthenotes1 wrote:
           | Well, I believe you can try audio only to reduce the
           | bandwidth requirements. That was my excuse for anything below
           | five bars...
        
         | fkyoureadthedoc wrote:
         | What's any of that have to do with 5G? On 2 bars of 5G right
         | now and I get 650Mbit download speed, it's significantly faster
         | than 4G.
        
           | James_K wrote:
           | The last bit is just stuff I wanted to whine about. I
           | obviously know it is faster, you don't need to explain that
           | concept. I have just never had need of any significant
           | internet speed on my phone. I don't download things, and only
           | sometimes stream video. Most of the time I am just checking
           | emails, or calendars, or something trivial like that. Unless
           | I do some kind of benchmark, I can't notice the difference
           | between 4G and 5G.
        
             | jfengel wrote:
             | It would matter more if you were in a crowded place, with
             | more users taking up the spectrum. But yeah, as with
             | computer speed, ordinary applications maxed out a while
             | back.
        
               | readthenotes1 wrote:
               | That's a very interesting observation - - the bandwidth
               | requirement is more for the transmitter than the receiver
               | as we get more and more connected devices
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | If 5G lived up to everything it was touted to do, you could
             | use a 5G hotspot for your home internet would could be a
             | huge positive in areas that only have one ISP available.
             | However, 5G does not live up to the promises, and your
             | traffic is much more heavily shaped than non-wireless ISPs.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | I know many households which use 5G hotspots for home
               | internet. They even do cloud-rendered gaming and remote
               | telework on such setups. Consistently get several hundred
               | megabits at pretty decent latency and jitter. I'd say
               | that lives up to many promises.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | And I know just as many that have tried but get crap
               | service, so we're even now?
               | 
               | I barely get regular cell service in my house from my
               | provider. There's no way I'd get a hotspot for a service
               | that is a must have. Provider's "coverage" maps are such
               | a joke to make them useless.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | I'd say its then more YMMV rather than a blanket "does
               | not live up to the promises".
               | 
               | I can routinely go around most of the metro area on any
               | given day and get hundreds of megabits of throughput back
               | home at <10ms latency on a plan that's costing me ~$30/mo
               | on a device that cost less than $400. I can be in a
               | crowded sports arena and on my regular cellular internet
               | and still manage to pull >50Mbit down despite the crowd.
               | Several years ago, I'd be lucky to even get SMS/MMS out
               | quickly and reliably.
        
               | secondcoming wrote:
               | You're getting bad 5G. I use 5G for home internet. It's
               | perfect except for pings.
        
             | throw0101c wrote:
             | > _I have just never had need of any significant internet
             | speed on my phone. I don 't download things, and only
             | sometimes stream video._
             | 
             | But other people do.
             | 
             | And the main resource that is limited with cell service is
             | air time: there are only so many frequencies, and only so
             | many people can send/receive at the same time.
             | 
             | So if someone wants to watch a video video, and a
             | particular segment is (say) 100M, then if a device can do
             | 100M/s, it will take 1s to do that operation: that's a time
             | period when other people may not be able to do anything.
             | But if the device can do 500M/s, then that segment can come
             | down in 0.2s, which means there's now 0.8s worth of time
             | for other people to do other things.
             | 
             | You're not going to see any difference if you're watching
             | the video (or streaming music, or check mail), but
             | collectively everyone can get their 'share' of the resource
             | much more quickly.
             | 
             | Faster speeds allow better resource utilization because
             | devices can get on and off the air in a shorter amount of
             | time.
        
               | Marsymars wrote:
               | You'd figure that would incentivize cell operators not to
               | market segment higher speeds behind higher prices.
               | 
               | It's like I'm paying them extra for the privilege of
               | increasing their network efficiency.
        
               | throw0101c wrote:
               | 4G (AIUI) uses different frequencies, is a sunk cost, and
               | 5G needs new gear, so someone has to pay for upgrades and
               | the 5G frequency auctions.
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | In a similar manner, I got 5G recently and used it as my
             | main link, and i'm still at 150GB downloaded (multiple
             | persons, multiple laptops, regular OS updates, docker pull
             | etc). I'm not even smart about this .. Without constant 4K
             | streaming I realized that my needs will rarely exceed
             | 200GB.
        
             | secondcoming wrote:
             | 5G allowed me to avoid having to get fibre.
        
         | Lammy wrote:
         | It spies on you a lot more effectively :)
         | 
         | https://www.fastcompany.com/90314058/5g-means-youll-have-to-...
         | 
         | https://venturebeat.com/mobile/sk-telecom-will-use-5g-to-bui...
         | 
         | https://www.ericsson.com/en/blog/2020/12/5g-positioning--wha...
        
           | atian wrote:
           | Yeah...
        
       | raverbashing wrote:
       | Honestly after the big investment (and with a lot of drawbacks
       | introduced by it) from 5G, I don't think telecoms have a lot of
       | appetite for massive investments in such a short term again
        
         | tguvot wrote:
         | it feels like telecoms walked back and started to invest into
         | fiber broadband deployment
        
       | chris_va wrote:
       | With 5G, I have to downgrade to LTE constantly to avoid packet
       | loss in urban canyons. Given the even higher frequencies proposed
       | for 6G, I suspect it will be mostly useless.
       | 
       | Now, it's possible that that raw GB/s with unobstructed LoS is
       | the underlying optimization metric driving these standards, but I
       | would assume it's something different (e.g. tower capex per
       | connected user).
        
         | BenjiWiebe wrote:
         | 5G can also use the same frequency bands as 4G, and when it
         | does, apparently gets slightly increased range over 4G.
        
         | msh wrote:
         | In my part of the world 5g actually is rolled out on lower
         | frequencies than 4g so I actually get better coverage.
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | There seem to be some integration issues in 5G Non-Standalone
         | equipment and existing network. Standalone or not, 5G outside
         | of millimeter wavelength bands("mmWave") should behave like an
         | all-around pure upgrade compared to 4G with no downsides, in
         | theory.
        
         | thrownblown wrote:
         | I just leave mine in LTE and upgrade to 5G only when I know i'm
         | gonna DL something big.
        
       | pjdesno wrote:
       | Note that existing bandwidth usage has been driven by
       | digitization of existing media formats, for which there was
       | already a technology and industry - first print, then
       | print+images, then audio, then video. People have been producing
       | HD-quality video since the beginning of Technicolor in the 1930s,
       | and while digital technology has greatly affected the production
       | and consumption of video, people still consume video at a rate of
       | one second (and about 30 frames) per second.
       | 
       | There are plenty things that *could* require more bandwidth than
       | video, but it's not clear that a large number of people want to
       | use any of them.
        
       | tomcam wrote:
       | I'm part of the early test team for tachyon-enabled 7G. Obviously
       | it's only early alpha but I think non-Googlers can get Pixel 10s
       | with it at the Mountain View Google store. If you upgrade the
       | firmware to version 0.3.75A sometimes short text messages arrive
       | before you type them.
        
       | dale_glass wrote:
       | Higher bandwidths are good to have. They're great for rare,
       | exceptional circumstances.
       | 
       | 10G internet doesn't make your streaming better, but downloads
       | the latest game much faster. It makes for much less painful
       | transfer of a VM image from a remote datacenter to a local
       | machine.
       | 
       | Which is good and bad. The good part is that it makes it easier
       | for the ISPs to provide -- most people won't be filling that 10G
       | pipe, so you can offer 10G without it raising bandwidth usage
       | much at all. You're just making remote workers really happy when
       | they have to download a terabyte of data on a single, very rare
       | occasion instead of it taking all day.
       | 
       | The bad part is that this comfort is harder to justify. Providing
       | 10G to make life more comfortable the 1% of the time it comes
       | into play still costs money.
        
         | kelnos wrote:
         | I have 1Gbps down, and the only application I've found to
         | saturate it is downloads from USENET (and with that I need
         | quite a few connections downloading different chunks
         | simultaneously to achieve it).
         | 
         | I have never come remotely close to downloading anything else
         | -- including games -- at 1Gbps.
         | 
         | The source side certainly has the available pipe, but most
         | (all?) providers see little upside to allowing one
         | client/connection to use that much bandwidth.
        
           | msh wrote:
           | Steam and the ps5 store can fill out my 1 gigabits
           | connection.
        
             | sheepdestroyer wrote:
             | Steam can fill up much more
             | 
             | I'm getting my Steam games at 2Gbps, and I am suspecting
             | that my aging ISP's "box" is to blame for the cap (didn't
             | want to pay my ISP for the new box that officially supports
             | 8Gbps symmetrical, and just got a SFP+ adapter for the old
             | one). I pay 39EUR/M for what is supposed to go "up to"
             | 8Gbps/500Mbps on that old box.
             | 
             | Games from Google Drive mirrors are coming at full speed
             | too. Nice when dling that new Skyrim VR 90GB mod pack
             | refresh
        
             | vel0city wrote:
             | Steam used to max out my internet, but now its smarter
             | about it and starts to decrypt/expand the download as its
             | going instead of doing it in phases. This quickly maxes out
             | my IOPS on even NVMe drives at only several hundred
             | megabits for most games I've tried recently.
        
           | mikepurvis wrote:
           | This tracks. I recently upgraded from 100mbps to 500mbps
           | (cable), and barely anything is different-- even torrents
           | bumped from 5MB/s to barely 10MB/s. And there's no wifi
           | involved there, just a regular desktop on gigabit ethernet.
        
           | __alexs wrote:
           | Steam downloads can easily max 1Gbps for me.
        
           | kookamamie wrote:
           | Steam downloads easily saturate my 1 Gbs. Same for S3
           | transfers.
        
           | bsimpson wrote:
           | Part of it is hardware too.
           | 
           | Only the newest routers do gigabit over wifi. If most of your
           | devices are wireless, you'll need to make sure they all have
           | wifi 6 or newer chips to use their full potential.
           | 
           | Even if upgrading your router is a one-time cost, it's still
           | enough effort that most people won't bother.
        
       | joshstrange wrote:
       | > Instead, the number of homes with sufficient connectivity and
       | percentage of the country covered by 10 Mb/s mobile may be better
       | metrics to pursue as policy goals.
       | 
       | Hard pass.
       | 
       | 5G is far from ubiquitous as it. Though how would we even know? I
       | feel like my phone is always lying about what type of network
       | it's connecting to and carrier shave the truth with shit like
       | "5Ge" and the like.
       | 
       | I have not, ever, really thought "Yeah, my phone's internet is
       | perfect as-in". I have low-signal areas of my house, if the power
       | goes out the towers are sometimes unusable due to the increased
       | load, etc. I do everything in my power to never use cellular
       | because I find incredibly frustrating and unreliable.
       | 
       | Cell service has literally unlimited headroom to improve
       | (technologically and business use-cases). Maybe we need more 5G
       | and that would fix the problems and we don't need 6G or maybe
       | this article is a gift to fat and lazy telecoms who are masters
       | at "coasting" and "only doing maintenance".
        
       | ai-christianson wrote:
       | We live in a rural location, so we have redundant 5G/Starlink.
       | 
       | It's getting pretty reasonable these days, with download speeds
       | reaching 0.5 gbit/sec per link, and latency is acceptable at
       | ~20ms.
       | 
       | The main challenge is the upload speed; pretty much all the ISPs
       | allocate much more spectrum for download rather than upload. If
       | we could improve one thing with future wireless tech, I think
       | upload would be a great candidate.
        
         | sidewndr46 wrote:
         | I can pretty much guarantee you that your 5G connection has
         | more bandwidth for upload than my residential ISP does
        
           | ai-christianson wrote:
           | Yeah?
           | 
           | We're getting 30-50 mbit/sec per connection on a good day.
        
             | repeekad wrote:
             | In downtown Columbus Ohio the only internet provider
             | (Spectrum) maxes out at maybe 5 mbps up (down 50-100x
             | that), it's not just a rural issue, non-competitive ISPs
             | even in urban cities want you to pay for business accounts
             | to get any kind of upload whatsoever
        
               | fweimer wrote:
               | Is it really a technical capacity issue, or just market
               | segmentation? Usually, it's possible to get so-called
               | business service with higher upload bandwidth, even at
               | residential addresses.
        
               | jacobgkau wrote:
               | That's exactly what he said, they want you to _pay_ for
               | business accounts.
        
               | repeekad wrote:
               | Yup, I'm saying it's not a rural issue to have bad
               | upload, often it's just a way to charge more money even
               | in a major US city (particularly one with limited ISP
               | competition)
               | 
               | In San Francisco monkeybrains is the best ISP I've ever
               | used to date; symmetric up/down, great ping and cheaper
               | than any other provider
        
             | nightpool wrote:
             | Yes, many residential broadband ISPs top out at 1/10th
             | that.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | > The main challenge is the upload speed; pretty much all the
         | ISPs allocate much more spectrum for download rather than
         | upload.
         | 
         | For 5G, a lot of the spectrum is statically split into
         | downstream and upstream in equal bandwidth. But equal radio
         | bandwidth doesn't mean equal data rates. Downstream speeds are
         | typically higher because multiplexing happens at one fixed
         | point, instead of over multiple, potentially moving
         | transmitters.
        
         | orev wrote:
         | You identified the problem in your statement: "the ISPs
         | allocate...". The provider gets to choose this, and if more
         | bandwidth is available from a newer technology, they're
         | incentive is to allocate it to downloads so they can advertise
         | faster speeds. It's not a technology issue.
        
       | AkshayGenius wrote:
       | Is there a reason we keep trying to use higher frequencies in
       | every new wireless standard (Wi-Fi, 5G, now 6G) instead of trying
       | to increase the maximum possible bitrate per second into lower
       | frequencies? Have we already reached the physical limits of the
       | amount of data the can be encoded at a particular frequency?
       | 
       | Lower frequencies have the advantage of longer distances and
       | permeating through obstructions better. I suppose limited
       | bandwidth and considerations of the number of devices coexisting
       | is a limiting factor.
        
         | kmlx wrote:
         | We don't move to higher frequencies just because we've run out
         | of ways to pack more data into lower bands. The main reason is
         | that higher frequencies offer much wider chunks of spectrum,
         | which directly leads to higher potential data rates. Advanced
         | modulation/coding techniques can squeeze more capacity out of
         | lower bands, but there are fundamental physical and regulatory
         | limits, like Shannon's limit and the crowded/heavily licensed
         | spectrum below 6 GHz that make it harder to keep increasing
         | speeds at those lower frequencies.
        
         | vel0city wrote:
         | 5G can operate at the same low frequencies as 2G/3G/4G. It's
         | not inherently a higher frequency standard.
         | 
         | It just also supports other bands as well.
        
         | tliltocatl wrote:
         | > Have we already reached the physical limits of the amount of
         | data the can be encoded at a particular frequency?
         | 
         | Basically, yes (if you take into account other consideration
         | like radiated power, transmitter consumed power, multipath
         | tolerance, Doppler shift tolerance and so on). Everything is a
         | tradeoff. We could e. g. use higher-order modulation, but that
         | would result in higher peak-to-average power ratio, meaning
         | less efficient transmitter. We could reduce cyclic prefix
         | length, but that would reduce multipath tolerance. And so on.
         | 
         | Another important reason why higher frequencies are preferred
         | is frequency reuse. Longer distance and penetration is not
         | always an advantage for a mobile network. A lot of radio space
         | is wasted in areas where the signal is too weak to be usable
         | but strong enough to interfere with useful signals at the same
         | frequency. In denser areas you want to cram in more base
         | stations, and if the radiation is attenuated quickly with
         | distance, you would need less spectrum space overall.
        
           | linsomniac wrote:
           | >Longer distance and penetration is not always an advantage
           | 
           | Exactly. When I was running WiFi for PyCon, I kept the radios
           | lower (on tables) and the power levels at the lower end
           | (especially for 2.4GHz, which a lot of devices still were
           | limited to at the time). Human bodies do a good job of
           | limiting the cell size and interference between adjacent APs
           | in that model. I could count on at least a couple people
           | every conference to track me down and tell me I needed to
           | increase the power on the APs. ;-)
        
         | spacemanspiff01 wrote:
         | In addition to what others have said, Often from a network
         | perspective you want smaller range.
         | 
         | At the end of the day, there is a total speed limit of Mb/s/Hz.
         | 
         | For example, in cities, with a high population density, you
         | could theoretically have a single cell tower providing data for
         | everyone.
         | 
         | However, the speed would be slow, as for a given bandwidth six
         | the data is shared between everyone in the city.
         | 
         | Alternatively, one could have 100 towers, and then the data
         | would only have to be shared by those within range. But for
         | this to work, one of the design constraints is that a smaller
         | range is beneficial, so that multiple towers do not interfere
         | with each other.
        
       | ElectRabbit wrote:
       | Without 5G SA that standard is an awful battery sucker. My Pixel
       | 6 looses almost 1/3 of its battery capacity when being stuck at
       | 5G NSA.
       | 
       | With my Pixel 8 and 5G SA activated (Telefonica Germany)
       | everything is back to normal.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | > Of course, sophisticated representations of entire 3D scenes
       | for large groups of users interacting with one another in-world
       | could conceivably push bandwidth requirements up. But at this
       | point, we're getting into Matrix-like imagined technologies
       | without any solid evidence to suggest a good 4G or 5G connection
       | wouldn't meet the tech's bandwidth demands.
       | 
       | Open-world games such as Cyberpunk 2077 already have hours-long
       | downloads for some users. That's when you load the whole world as
       | one download. Doing it incrementally is worse. Microsoft Flight
       | Simulator 2024 can pull 100 to 200 Mb/sec from the asset servers.
       | 
       | They're just flying over the world, without much ground level
       | detail. Metaverse clients go further. My Second Life client,
       | Sharpview, will download 400Mb/s of content, sustained, if you
       | get on a motorcycle and go zooming around Second Life. The
       | content is coming from AWS via Akamai caches, which can deliver
       | content at such rates. If less bandwidth is available, things are
       | blurry, but it still works. The level of asset detail is such
       | that you can stop driving, go into a convenience store, and read
       | the labels on the items.
       | 
       | GTA 6 multiplayer is coming. That's going to need bandwidth.
       | 
       | The Unreal Engine 5 demo, "The Matrix Awakens", is a download of
       | more than a terabyte. That's before decompression.
       | 
       | The CEO of Intel, during the metaverse boom, said that about
       | 1000x more compute and bandwidth was needed to do a Ready Player
       | One / Matrix quality metaverse. It's not that _quite_ that bad.
        
         | SteveNuts wrote:
         | How many people consuming these services are doing so over a
         | mobile network?
         | 
         | For my area all the mobile network home internet options offer
         | plenty of speed, but the bandwidth limitations are a
         | dealbreaker.
         | 
         | Everyone I know still uses their cable/FTTH as their main
         | internet, and mobile network as a hotspot if their main ISP
         | goes down.
        
         | drawfloat wrote:
         | Few people play games built for mobiles, let alone looking to
         | play GTA6 on an iPhone
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | For the better games, you'll need goggles or a phone that
           | unfolds to tablet size for mobile use. Both are available,
           | although the folding-screen products still have problems at
           | the fold point.
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | On my current mobile plan (Google Fi[0]) the kind of streaming
         | 3D world they think I would want to download on my phone would
         | get me throttled in less than a minute. 200 MB is about a _day
         | 's_ usage, if I'm out and about burning through my data plan.
         | 
         | The reason why there isn't as much demand for mobile data as
         | they want is because the carriers have horrendously overpriced
         | it, because they want a business model where they get paid more
         | when you use your phone more. Most consumers work around this
         | business model by just... not using mobile data. Either by
         | downloading everything in advance or deliberately avoiding
         | data-hungry things like video streaming. e.g. I have no
         | interest in paying 10 cents to watch a YouTube video when I'm
         | out of the house, so I'm not going to watch YouTube.
         | 
         | There's a very old article that I can't find anymore which
         | predicted the death of satellite phones, airplane phones, and
         | weirdly enough, _3G_ ; because they were built on the idea of
         | taking places that traditionally don't have network
         | connectivity, and then selling connectivity at exorbitant
         | prices, on the hopes that people desperate for connectivity
         | will pay those prices[1]. This doesn't scale. Obviously 3G did
         | _not_ fail, but it didn 't fail predominantly because networks
         | got cheaper to access - not because there was a hidden,
         | untapped market of people who were going to spend tens of
         | dollars per megabyte just to not have to hunt for a phone jack
         | to send an e-mail from their laptop[2].
         | 
         | I get the same vibes from 5G. Oh, yes, sure, we _can_ treat 5G
         | like a landline now and just stream massive amounts of data to
         | it with low latency, but that 's a scam. The kinds of scenarios
         | they were pitching, like factories running a bunch of sensors
         | off of 5G, were already possible with properly-spec'd Wi-Fi
         | access points[3]. Everyone in 5G thought they could sell us the
         | same network again but for more money.
         | 
         | [0] While I'm ranting about mobile data usage, I would like to
         | point out that either Android's data usage accounting has
         | gotten significantly worse, or Google Fi's carrier accounting
         | is lying, because they're now consistently about 100-200MB out
         | of sync by the end of the month. Didn't have this problem when
         | I was using an LG G7 ThinQ, but my Pixel 8 Pro does this
         | constantly.
         | 
         | [1] Which it called "permanet", in contrast to the "nearernet"
         | strategy of just waiting until you have a cheap connection and
         | sending everything then.
         | 
         | [2] I'm told similar economics are why you can't buy laptops
         | with cellular modems in them. The licensing agreements that
         | cover cellular SEP only require FRAND pricing on phones and
         | tablets, so only phones and tablets can get affordable cell
         | modems, and Qualcomm treats everything else as a permanet play.
         | 
         | [3] Hell, there's even a 5G spec for "license-assisted access",
         | i.e. spilling 5G radio transmissions into the ISM bands that
         | Wi-Fi normally occupies, so it's literally just weirdly shaped
         | Wi-Fi at this point.
        
       | bilater wrote:
       | It's rare I come across something so myopic, unimaginative and
       | laughable. This will age as well as the Paul Krugman
       | prediction:"the Internet's impact on the economy has been no
       | greater than the fax machine's". We have not even begun to
       | explore the Uber/Airbnb applications of a 6G+ world. And the VR
       | bandwidth ceiling lazy thought is an extension of the limited
       | mindset of this author.
        
       | kinematicgps99 wrote:
       | What we really need is pervasive low data rate backup systems for
       | text messaging and low fidelity emergency calls that don't kill
       | handset batteries. If this means "Starlink" and/or lower
       | frequency bands (<400 MHz): the more options, the merrier for
       | safety. Perhaps there may come a time where no one needs an
       | EPIRB/ELT because that functionality is totally subsumed by
       | smartphones offering equal or superior performance.
        
       | pr337h4m wrote:
       | >Regulators may also have to consider whether fewer operators may
       | be better for a country, with perhaps only a single underlying
       | fixed and mobile network in many places--just as utilities for
       | electricity, water, gas, and the like are often structured around
       | single (or a limited set of) operators.
       | 
       | There are no words to describe how stupid this is.
        
         | fny wrote:
         | Clearly you did not like playing Monopoly as child.
        
         | suddenlybananas wrote:
         | I think that it should be run as a public service like
         | utilities and should be as cheap as humanly possible. Why not?
        
           | daedrdev wrote:
           | My public utility is bad at its job because it has literally
           | zero incentive to be cheap, and thus my utilities are
           | expensive
        
             | sweeter wrote:
             | A private electric grid is a nightmare. Look at Texas.
             | People pay more, and they get less coverage. It's worse by
             | every metric. The conversation should revolve around, how
             | can we fix the government so that it isn't 5 corporations
             | in a trench coat who systematically defund public utilities
             | and social safety nets in hopes of breaking it so they can
             | privatize it and make billions sucking up tax payer money
             | while doing no work. See the billions in tax funding to
             | ATT, Google, etc... to put in fiber internet that they just
             | pocketed the cash and did nothing.
        
               | daedrdev wrote:
               | In Texas electricity is literally less than half the
               | price than the price in my state on average. (14c/kwh vs
               | 34c/kwh) (I live in California)
               | 
               | If you want to say its worse, perhaps you should check if
               | its actually worse first.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | A big part of the reason that California average
               | electrical price per kWh is high is that a huge portion
               | of the cost is fixed costs, and California's efficiency
               | push has resulted in the lowest lowest per capita
               | electricity usage (and fourth lowest per capita energy
               | usage) in the USA, so the fixed costs are spread over
               | fewer kWh.
               | 
               | Conversely, Texas has significantly above average use per
               | capita, spreading the fixed costs across more kWh, but
               | still results in higher annual _costs_ per capita,
               | despite lower per kWh rates.
        
             | cogman10 wrote:
             | > it has literally zero incentive to be cheap
             | 
             | Do private utilities have any incentive to be cheap?
             | 
             | The reason we have utility regulations in the first place
             | is because utilities are natural monopolies with literally
             | zero incentive to be cheap. On the contrary, they are
             | highly incentivized to push up prices as much as possible
             | because they have their customers over a barrel.
        
             | natebc wrote:
             | I believe the idea is that you shouldn't have a corporation
             | provide the utility if there's only going to be one.
             | 
             | "public utility" implies it's owned by the public not a
             | profit seeking group of shareholders.
        
           | cogman10 wrote:
           | I personally like the notion of a common public
           | infrastructure that subleases access. We already sort of do
           | that with mobile carriers where the big 3 provide all access
           | and all the other "carriers" (like google fi) are simply
           | leasing access.
           | 
           | Make it easy for a new wireless company to spawn while
           | maintaining the infrastructure everyone needs.
        
           | fny wrote:
           | Because competition drives innovation. 5G exists as widely as
           | it does because carriers were driven to meet the standard and
           | provide faster service to their customers.
           | 
           | This article is essentially arguing innovation is dead in
           | this space and there is no need for bandwidth-related
           | improvements. At the same time, there is no 5G provider
           | without a high-speed cap or throttling for hot spots. What
           | would happen if enough people switched to 5G boxes over
           | cable? Maybe T-Mobile can compete with Comcast?
        
             | javier2 wrote:
             | Well, 5G is unlikely to be built in my area for the next
             | decade, meanwhile 3 operators are building networks in the
             | slightly more populated areas.
        
             | dgacmu wrote:
             | Competition drives innovation, but also, we've generally
             | seen that things like municipal broadband are _more_
             | innovative than an incumbent monopoly carrier. Large chunks
             | of the US don't have much competition at all in wired
             | services, and if we approach that in wireless, we are
             | likely to see the same effects starting where the local
             | monopoly tries to extract maximum dollars out of an aging
             | infrastructure. Lookin' at you, Comcast, lookin' at you.
        
               | fny wrote:
               | As you say, "incumbent monopoly carrier" is not
               | competition, so a municipal provider which competes with
               | broadband is a great idea. This article, however, is
               | arguing we don't need more bandwidth, and we need more
               | consolidation of major providers: I'm not convinced.
        
             | vel0city wrote:
             | The T-Mobile 5G Rely fixed-wireless home internet plan
             | offers no caps and no throttling plans.
        
               | fny wrote:
               | It does past a terabyte.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | The fine print does say:
               | 
               | > During congestion, customers on this plan may notice
               | speeds lower than other customers and further reduction
               | if using >1.2TB/mo., due to data prioritization
               | 
               | So not really a cap, but a deprioritization. A few
               | friends using it around me routinely use >2TB/mo and
               | haven't experienced degradation, I guess there's not
               | excessive congestion. YMMV.
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | Three things are necessary then:
           | 
           | 1. It must be well-run.
           | 
           | 2. It must be guaranteed to continue to be well-run.
           | 
           | 3. If someone can do it better, they must be allowed to do so
           | - and then their improvements have to be folded into the
           | network somehow if there is to be only one network.
        
           | oytis wrote:
           | Internet is treated this way in Germany, and it's slow and
           | expensive. Eastern European countries that put their bets on
           | competition instead of regulation have more bang for the buck
           | in their network infrastructure
        
         | HnUser12 wrote:
         | They should study Canada. We're already running that
         | experiment.
        
         | Marsymars wrote:
         | I dunno, it makes conceptual sense. Networks infrastructure is
         | largely commodity utilities where duplication is effectively a
         | waste of resources. e.g. you wouldn't expect your home to have
         | multiple natural gas connections from competing companies.
         | 
         | Regulators have other ways to incentivize quality/pricing and
         | can mandate competition at levels of the stack other than the
         | underlying infrastructure.
         | 
         | I wouldn't expect that "only a single network" is the right
         | model for all locations, but it will be for _some_ locations,
         | so you need a regulatory framework that ensures quality /cost
         | in the case of a single network anyway.
        
           | newsreaderguy wrote:
           | IMO this can be neatly solved with a peer-to-peer market
           | based system similar to Helium https://www.helium.com/mobile.
           | 
           | (I know that helium's original IoT network mostly failed due
           | to lack of pmf, but idk about their 5G stuff)
           | 
           | Network providers get paid for the bandwidth that flows over
           | their nodes, but the protocol also allows for economically
           | incentivizing network expansion and punishing congestion with
           | subsidization / taxing.
           | 
           | You can unify everyone under the same "network", but the
           | _infrastructure providers_ running it are diverse and in
           | competition.
        
         | javier2 wrote:
         | Maybe it is. Building multiple networks for smaller populations
         | comes at enormous cost though. In my country there have been a
         | tradition for this kind of network sharing, where operators are
         | required to allow alternative operators on their physical
         | network for a fee set by government.
        
         | cft wrote:
         | Who are these "regulators"? Did we vote for them? Were they
         | selected in the process of market competition and attrition?
        
         | grahar64 wrote:
         | In New Zealand we have a single company that owns all the
         | telecommunications wires. It was broken up in the 90's from a
         | service provider because they were a monopoly and abusing their
         | position in the market. Now we have a ton of options of ISPs,
         | but only one company to deal with if there are line faults. BTW
         | the line company is the best to deal with, the ISPs are shit.
         | 
         | Same for mobile infrastructure would be great as well.
        
           | kiwijamo wrote:
           | In NZ we also have the Rural Connectivity Group (RCG) which
           | operates over 400 cellular/mobile sites in rural areas for
           | the three mobile carriers, capital funded jointly by the NZ
           | Government and the three mobile carriers (with operational
           | costs shared between the three carriers I believe). For
           | context the individual carriers operate around 2,000 of their
           | own sites in urban areas and most towns in direct competition
           | with each other. It has worked really well for the more rural
           | parts of the country, filling in gaps in state highway
           | coverage as well as providing coverage to smaller towns that
           | would be uneconomical for the individual carriers to cover
           | otherwise. I'm talking towns of a handful of households
           | getting high speed 4G coverage. Really proud of NZ as this
           | sort of thing is unheard of in most other countries.
        
         | micromacrofoot wrote:
         | It's not that stupid IMO, they could handle it like some places
         | handle electricity -- there's a single distributor managing
         | infra but you can select from a number of providers offering
         | different generation rates
         | 
         | Having 5 competing infrastructures trying to blanket the
         | country means that you end up with a ton of waste and the most
         | populated places get priority as they constantly fight each
         | other for the most valuable markets while neglecting the less
         | profitable fringe
        
         | SSLy wrote:
         | It works very well in at least two very rich European
         | countries, and one bit less affluent but still not exactly
         | poor.
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | It actually works well in most places. Look up the term "common
         | carrier".
         | 
         | The trick is that the entity that owns the wires has to
         | provide/upgrade the network at cost, and anyone has the right
         | to run a telco on top of the network.
         | 
         | This creates competition for things like pricing plans, and
         | financial incentives for the companies operating in the space
         | to compete on their ability to build out / upgrade the network
         | (or to not do that, but provide cheaper service).
        
           | therein wrote:
           | It also makes it more vulnerable to legal, bureaucratic and
           | technical threats.
           | 
           | Doesn't make much sense to me to abstract away most of the
           | parts where an entity could build up its competitive
           | advantage and then to pretend like healthy competition could
           | be build on top.
           | 
           | Imagine if one entity did all the t-shirt manufacturing
           | globally but then you congratulated yourself for creating a
           | market based on altered colors and what is printed on top of
           | these t-shirts.
        
             | SSLy wrote:
             | the in world practice seems to have this worked out. I am
             | working for such provider right now and it is neither cash
             | starved not suffocating under undue bureaucracy
        
             | computerthings wrote:
             | And private companies don't even have to be vulnerable,
             | they can just do nasty things nilly willy, because it might
             | be profitable and they might get away with it. Yeah, there
             | _could_ be ones that don 't suck, and then customers
             | _could_ pick those, but when there aren 't, when they all
             | collude to be equally shitty and raise prices whenever they
             | can -- which they do -- people have no recourse. They _do_
             | have recourse when it comes to the government.
             | 
             | And for some things it's just too much duplicated effort
             | and wasted resources, T-shirts are one thing, because we
             | don't really need those, but train lines and utilities etc.
             | are another. I can't tell you where the "boundary" is, but
             | if every electric company had to lay their own cables,
             | there would only _be_ one or two.
             | 
             | And in the opinion of many including mine, for example the
             | Deutsche Bundesbahn got worse when it got privatized. They
             | kinda exploited the fact that after reunification, there
             | were _two_ state railroad systems obviously, and instead of
             | merging them into _one_ state railroad system, it was
             | privatized, but because it made more money for _some_ , but
             | not because it benefits the public, the customers. Of
             | course the reasoning was the usual neoliberal spiel,
             | "saving money" and "smaller government" but then that money
             | just ends up not really making things better to the degree
             | privatization made them worse.
             | 
             | Obviously not everything should be state run, far from it.
             | But privatizing everything is a cure actually even worse
             | than the disease, since state-run sinks and swims with how
             | much say the people have, whereas a 100% privatized world
             | just sinks into the abyss.
        
             | jethro_tell wrote:
             | This was a common way to do things before the telcos in the
             | USA were deregulated in the 2000s and 2010s. At the time it
             | was both internet and telephone but due to the timing of de
             | regulation, it never really took off with real high speed
             | internet, only dsl and dialup.
             | 
             | I used to work at a place that did both on top of the
             | various telcos. We offered 'premium service' with 24 hour
             | customer support and a low customer to modem and bandwidth
             | ratio.
             | 
             | Most of our competitors beat us in price but would only
             | offer customers support 9-5 and you may get a busy signal/
             | lower bandwidth in the back haul during peak hours.
             | 
             | There was a single company that owned the wires and poles,
             | because it's expensive and complex to build physical
             | infrastructure and hard to compete, but they were bared
             | from selling actual services or undercutting providers
             | because of their position. (Which depended on
             | jurisdiction).
             | 
             | It solved the problem we have now of everyone complaining
             | about their ISP but only having one option in their area.
             | 
             | We have that problem now specifically because we
             | deregulated common carriers for internet right as it took
             | over the role of telephone service.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | > This creates competition for things like pricing plans
           | 
           | If the common carrier is doing all the work, what's the point
           | of the companies on top? What do they add to the system
           | besides cost?
           | 
           | Might as well get rid of them and have a national carrier.
        
             | kemitche wrote:
             | The companies on top provide end user customer support,
             | varied pricing models ("unlimited" data vs pay by the GB,
             | etc), and so on. It allows the common carrier to focus
             | solely on the network hardware.
        
               | hedora wrote:
               | They also sometimes own the machines in the field
               | closets. So, anyone can rent 1U + a bunch of fiber
               | endpoints for the same price. What you do with the slots
               | is up to you. If there's a problem with the power or
               | actual fiber optics, the common carrier fixes it. (Like a
               | colo, sort of.)
        
             | L-four wrote:
             | They add value by producing complicated and convoluted
             | contracts which cannot be compared easily full of gotchas.
        
           | celsoazevedo wrote:
           | Common carriers have some upsides, but one downside is that
           | it sometimes removes the incentive for ISPs to deploy their
           | own networks.
           | 
           | I was stuck with a common carrier for years. I could pick
           | different ISPs, which offered different prices and types of
           | support, but they all used the same connection... which was
           | only stable at lower speeds.
        
         | jay_kyburz wrote:
         | Having a single provider of utilities is great when owned by
         | the gov and run "at cost". Problem is, dickheads get voted in
         | and they sell the utility to their mates who get an instant
         | monopoly and start running the utility for profit.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | You're thinking legacy. In our new Italian Fascist/Peronist
         | governance model, maximizing return on assets for our cronies
         | is the priority. The regulatory infrastructure that fostered
         | both good and bad aspects of the last 75 years is being
         | destroyed and will not return.
         | 
         | Nationalizing telecom is a great way to reward the tech
         | oligarchs by making the capital investments in giant data
         | centers more valuable. If 10 gig can be delivered cheaply over
         | the air, those hyperscale data centers will end up obsolete if
         | technology continues to advance at the current pace. Why would
         | the companies that represent 30% of the stock markets value
         | want that?
        
         | recursive wrote:
         | How confusing. Now I can't tell whether it's very stupid, not
         | stupid, or medium stupid. Too bad there were no words.
        
       | bluesounddirect wrote:
       | Title Edit: 4G networks meet consumer needs as mobile data growth
       | slows
        
       | nwatson wrote:
       | Someone I know at a mixed-signal company many of whose chips go
       | to 5G deployments said their revenue really slowed down last year
       | due to 5G deployment uptake decreasing significantly.
        
         | transcriptase wrote:
         | My understanding was that the economics/range of 5G only really
         | worked in densely populated areas? Or has that changed? If not,
         | once those places are saturated it makes sense that build out
         | would slow.
        
       | fny wrote:
       | There is not a single 5G provider with unlimited high-speed
       | access. _Not one._
       | 
       | Perhaps this has something to do with limited mobile bandwidth?
       | 
       | Now imagine we add more bandwidth: what would happen to Comcast
       | and other fiber monopolists if people started replacing fiber
       | with 5G?
        
         | Cbzjsj wrote:
         | _In your country._
        
       | epolanski wrote:
       | What's the point of more bandwidth when virtually all carriers
       | limit your data plans to 50 to 150 GB/month?
        
         | Calamityjanitor wrote:
         | Here in Australia they'll charge more for 5G but limit it to
         | 150mbps. That's slower than LTE's max, no wonder 5G uptake is
         | slow.
        
       | cogman10 wrote:
       | This article misses the forest through the trees.
       | 
       | I can grant that a typical usage of wireless bandwidth doesn't
       | require more than 10Mbps. So, what does "even faster buy you"?
       | 
       | The answer is actually pretty simple, at any given frequency you
       | have a limited amount of data that can be transmitted. The more
       | people you have chatting to a tower, the less available bandwidth
       | there is. By having a transmission standard with theoretical
       | capacities in the GB or 10GB, or more you make it so you can
       | service 10, 100, 1000 more customers their 10Mbps content. It
       | makes it cheaper for the carrier to roll out and gives a better
       | experience for the end users.
        
       | rho4 wrote:
       | My need for speed is a long way from saturated. 360deg virtual
       | reality calls at a resolution better than my physical senses is
       | just one thing my unimaginative mind can come up with on the
       | spot.
        
       | viraptor wrote:
       | > Could maximum data speeds--on mobile devices, at home, at work
       | --be approaching "fast enough" for most people for most purposes?
       | 
       | That seems to be the theme across all consumer electronics as
       | well. For an average person mid phones are good enough, bargain
       | bin laptops are good enough, almost any TV you can buy today is
       | good enough. People may of course desire higher quality and
       | specific segments will have higher needs, but things being enough
       | may be a problem for tech and infra companies in the next decade.
        
         | hexator wrote:
         | A problem for tech companies but not the world.
        
           | gambiting wrote:
           | Get ready to be sold the exact same thing you already own,
           | just "with AI" now.
        
             | callc wrote:
             | And obsolescence via "TPM2"!
        
             | yieldcrv wrote:
             | I'm all for advancements in the size of various models able
             | to be loaded onto devices, and the amount of fast ram
             | available for them
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | Good enough but most of these devices are not built to last.
        
         | aceazzameen wrote:
         | The answer is yes. But it's not just about speed. The higher
         | speeds drain the battery faster.
         | 
         | I say this because we currently use an old 2014 phone as a
         | house phone for the family. It's set to 2G to take calls, and
         | switches to 4g for the actual voice call. We only have to
         | charge it once every 2-3 weeks, if not longer. (Old Samsung
         | phones also had Ultra Power Saving mode which helps with that)
         | 
         | 2G is being shutdown though. Once that happens and it's forced
         | into 4G all the time, we'll have to charge it more often. And
         | that sucks. There isn't a single new phone on the market that
         | lasts as long as this old phone with an old battery.
         | 
         | The same principle is why I have my modern personal phone set
         | to 4G instead of 5G. The energy savings are very noticeable.
        
           | vel0city wrote:
           | There are some more traditional home phones which work on
           | 4/5G networks with a DECT handset which talks to a cellular
           | base station. You might look into switching to that model to
           | replace your "cell phone as a home phone" concept. It makes
           | it a bit easier to add another handset to the DECT network
           | and often means convenient cradles to charge the handsets
           | while the base station stays in a good signal spot with
           | plenty of power.
           | 
           | Just a thought when it comes time to change out that device.
        
           | bityard wrote:
           | I actually miss the concept of house phones. Instead of
           | exclusively person-to-person communication, families would
           | call other families to catch up and sometimes even pass the
           | phone around to talk to the grandparents, aunts and uncles,
           | etc.
        
             | secstate wrote:
             | That's a facinating obsevation! I hadn't consider the side
             | effects of calling a common phone and interacting with
             | other people rather than exclusively the one person you
             | wanted to talk/text with. Probably distances you from (or
             | never allows you to know) those adjacent to the person you
             | already know.
        
       | nsteel wrote:
       | Relatedly, Nokia announced a new CEO this week with a
       | datacentre/enterprise background.
       | 
       | https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/nokia-ceo-ste...
        
       | doublerabbit wrote:
       | This is all well and good, but how about we remove data caps too?
       | Such a racket.
        
       | idolofdust wrote:
       | We need the freedom to do more on our mainstream pocketable
       | devices, my hotspot for my laptop will be always throttled down
       | to 3G, as if to say
       | 
       | "Hey, this isn't actually supposed to be used to get work done.
       | Keep doing simple phone stuff!"
        
         | dbspin wrote:
         | That's bonkers. No such restriction here in Ireland. Frequently
         | get work done away from the home office on 4G hotspotted to the
         | laptop.
        
       | nonelog wrote:
       | Introducing such new technologies is ALWAYS about rendering
       | existing hardware "obsolete" so that new devices can be forced
       | upon the consumer (who most often does not need them).
        
       | mike50 wrote:
       | Idiot author is a kindness. Data rates compared to an obsolete
       | 1970s technology. Author is too old to write articles on the
       | "newfanged internet". IEEE spectrum needs to kick this guy to the
       | curb hard for writting crap and crossposting his book..
        
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