[HN Gopher] Thomas Aquinas' skull reveals appearance and cause o...
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Thomas Aquinas' skull reveals appearance and cause of death
Author : new_vienna
Score : 203 points
Date : 2025-02-10 03:38 UTC (19 hours ago)
(HTM) web link (www.ncregister.com)
(TXT) w3m dump (www.ncregister.com)
| ggm wrote:
| Hypothesised cranial haematoma after accident with tree, died
| aged 48. Reconstruction aligns with paintings, but it wasn't
| clear if the reconstruction model was informed by the paintings
| so somewhat meaningless they agree.
|
| Also the diagnosis isn't informed by the craniometry from what I
| can read: it's a reconstruction and an unconnected diagnosis from
| reports of his death.
|
| Amusingly a website which had (nc)register.com but not
| theregister.com..
| WorkerBee28474 wrote:
| From my understanding facial reconstruction from skulls is a
| well-defined process in forensics, so it's likely that they
| used standard methods. They mentioned getting colors (i.e.
| skin/hair tone) from painting.
| ggm wrote:
| I'd love them to have made more of that if the cranial
| reconstruction got close to the painting un-hinted.
| biohcacker84 wrote:
| I'd love to see facial reconstruction of people of whom we
| have pictures and video. Since what I've heard of facial
| reconstruction is that there is a lot "art" in it.
| thaumasiotes wrote:
| It would also be nice to see police sketch artist
| renderings compared with the people they depict.
|
| I've noticed that people rarely seem to see much value in
| testing procedures against questions with known answers.
| jaggederest wrote:
| I can tell you that, having seen some before, injured, and
| transplanted photos of facial transplant patients, their
| faces rapidly look much like they used to, regardless of
| the original person their face was transplanted from.
|
| Bone structure is, as far as I can tell as a layperson, the
| major determinant of how people look. I found it quite
| surprising as I thought it would be the other way around.
|
| The only obvious change was hair and skin color,
| essentially.
| FartyMcFarter wrote:
| > Bone structure is, as far as I can tell as a layperson,
| the major determinant of how people look. I found it
| quite surprising as I thought it would be the other way
| around.
|
| How would it work the other way around? You don't have a
| "look" before your bone structure exists right?
| jaggederest wrote:
| Right, but naively I would think that your bones are the
| foundation and your skin and muscles are the house on
| top. But really, the skin and muscles are more of the
| paint and trim, and the bones are the foundation, walls,
| and even part of the roof. Even your nose is largely
| determined by the angle and width of your facial bones,
| which is quite surprising to me, given that obviously
| there's no bone in it past the bridge.
| dkga wrote:
| And probably the hair pattern as well.
| vkou wrote:
| > From my understanding facial reconstruction from skulls is
| a well-defined process in forensics
|
| It's commonly used, but is it:
|
| * Consistent from practitioner to practitioner?
|
| * Able to consistently pass a double-blind test?
|
| My understanding of forensic 'science' is that it has a bad
| reputation for having more in common with shamanism, or the
| rituals of a witchdoctor, than it does with science.
| shakna wrote:
| I can't really sum it up better than the Wikipedia page's
| author:
|
| > It is easily the most subjective--as well as one of the
| most controversial--techniques in the field of forensic
| anthropology.
| pbh101 wrote:
| What's amusing about two different sites being named
| 'Register'? It is a relatively common newspaper name suffix
| like 'Times' or 'Post.' Or is there something else I'm missing?
| ggm wrote:
| The one cited here most often would not be the national
| catholic register. I assumed it was thereg from a cursory
| look before clicking.
| mdp2021 wrote:
| > _being named 'Register'? It is a relatively common
| newspaper name_
|
| Incidentally: The Times (The "Times of London", first with
| that name form), debuted on 1 January 1785, with the name
| _The Daily Universal Register_.
|
| Even "interchangable", you may (rhetorically) say.
| caminanteblanco wrote:
| I wonder what the licensing related to the image reconstruction
| is. Like, am I able to use it for the cover of a biography of his
| I publish?
| robin_reala wrote:
| It's a creative work, so in most jurisdictions it'd be subject
| to copyright and unusable without licensing or the creator
| explicitly using a license like CC0 that allows free onward
| reproduction and reworking.
| kbelder wrote:
| Is it creative? If it's derived algorithmically from a
| collection of facts, it wouldn't be covered.
|
| I think this stuff is art with a little bit of informing from
| science, so it probably is creative, but I wonder what the
| authors would claim.
| robin_reala wrote:
| The skin tone and hair style are guessable, but not derived
| from the science, so definitely qualify as a creative act.
| Mistletoe wrote:
| How accurate are facial reconstructions from skulls now?
|
| They don't seem that accurate in the past.
|
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_facial_reconstruction...
| darkwater wrote:
| So, they discarded the form of the face coming from iconography
| BUT used the colors like hair and skin.
|
| This is SO catholic (well, or religious in general).
| jjmarr wrote:
| Aquinas was born in central Italy during the High Middle Ages.
| What hair and skin colour do you think he had?
| madaxe_again wrote:
| Italy had and still has a pretty diverse makeup - Germanic
| peoples from the north, North Africans from the south, and
| Mediterranean peoples who are the crossroads of the two.
|
| Where I live in the torturous mountains of the north of
| Portugal, people from villages all of five kilometres apart
| can look radically different. Our nearest village is your
| fairly standard Iberian phenotype - dark brown to black hair,
| and tanned looking. Across the valley is a village that took
| in Jews fleeing the inquisition - and they look Sephardic to
| this day. Ten kilometers north is a village still named in
| local dialect "Moorish village", and lo and behold, the
| people there look Arabic.
|
| So what was his phenotype? Only going to find that out by
| sequencing him. He _probably_ had dark skin and hair, but he
| could have been blonde and pale.
| defrost wrote:
| Was his family from the Northern or Southern Italian lines?
|
| Did his family include any of the many far off bloodlines
| bought into Italy via the Roman Empire creating far flung
| citizens?
|
| As the peer comment states, there's a wealth of pigments in
| Italy, and that goes back before the High Middle Ages.
|
| _The earliest evidence of Italians ' extraordinary genetic
| diversity dates back to the end of the last glacial period_
|
| https://www.unibo.it/en/news-and-events/notice-board/the-
| ear...
| paganel wrote:
| Who knows? He might have been blonde-haired for all we know,
| after all the Duchy of Spoleto set up by the Lombards was
| also located in Central Italy. You can get an idea of that
| past Lombard presence from this map [1]: " Percentage of
| Blond Hair in the Italian regions" (notice the green blob
| East of Naples), which, granted, it may not be 100%
| scientific but I reckon that it is at least based on some
| real data.
|
| Later edit: Apparently that map is based on this mid-19th
| century data sample: Percentages of blond hair in the Italian
| regions (including Corsica). Data collected by Ridolfo Livi
| on 1859-1863 lever classes ( "Renato Biasutti - Races and
| peoples of the Earth - UTET, 1941")
|
| [1] https://old.reddit.com/r/MapPorn/comments/62yyuz/percenta
| ge_...
| inglor_cz wrote:
| My own grandmother was born on the shores of the Aegean
| Sea, in the region that now forms the border between Greece
| and Turkey.
|
| She was Slavic herself, and blonde.
|
| The Mediterranean is a lot more complicated that people
| from afar tend to think.
| darkwater wrote:
| It was an metaphor for the typical cherry picking that
| religions do.
|
| Edit: no, it wasn't a hyperbole , it was a metaphor
| heyjamesknight wrote:
| I think you mean the typical cherry picking that
| institutions and organizations do, both religious and
| secular.
| boomboomsubban wrote:
| He was born nearish to Naples in the Kingdom of Sicily, a
| kingdom created by the Normans. Really hard to guess.
| inglor_cz wrote:
| There are many plausible "skins" for Aquinas. He didn't come
| from relatively homogeneous place like Japan on Iceland, he
| was Italian. And medieval Central Italy was a massive genetic
| melting pot of Etruscans, Latins, Greeks, Celts, Germanic
| people and North Africans. It used to be crossroads of a
| massive empire once, and was overrun by several invasions of
| other peoples afterwards.
| clarionbell wrote:
| Ok, so how would you do it? Pick it random maybe, just ignoring
| all the sources?
| TheFreim wrote:
| > form of the face coming from iconography
|
| You imply that there is only one "form" of his face depicted in
| iconography, but this is not the case. There is wide variation
| in how he has been depicted going back to the 14th century.
| Here is a selection of images from the 14th and 15th centuries
| which are closer to the reconstruction than they are different:
|
| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Lippo_Me...
|
| https://www.kressfoundation.org/kress-collection/artwork/498...
|
| https://catholiceducation.org/en/culture/art/saint-thomas-aq...
|
| https://catholicclassicalict.wordpress.com/wp-content/upload...
|
| https://www.wikiart.org/en/fra-angelico/st-thomas-aquinas-14...
| michaelsbradley wrote:
| A weekly Summa Theologica reading group, attended by Catholics
| and non-Catholics alike, led by a professor with credentials in
| philosophy and theology, was one of the best experiences of my
| life:
|
| https://sacred-texts.com/chr/aquinas/summa/
| f1shy wrote:
| No matter what your beliefs are, if you seriously want to study
| philosophy, you have to go through it.
|
| Did something similar. It is great.
| TheFreim wrote:
| There is also aquinas.cc which has the Summa Theologica as well
| as a variety of other works by St. Thomas Aquinas, with the
| Latin text on the left and English on the right.
|
| https://aquinas.cc/
| michaelsbradley wrote:
| Very nice, thank you, I really like it and had not seen it
| previously!
| dr_dshiv wrote:
| The first use of the word "android" comes from the discussion of
| a legendary mechanical talking head invented by Albertus Magnus.
| Thomas Aquinas couldn't bear its babble and so he smashed it to
| bits. So, maybe he's a patron saint of the anti-AI crowd?
|
| https://archive.org/details/b30337161
| gjm11 wrote:
| That link just goes to the whole book. For anyone curious: the
| relevant bit is on page 249, though some pages before and after
| provide interesting context.
|
| "The same thing is affirmed by [long list] of _Albertus Magnus_
| ; who, as the most expert, had made an entire man of the same
| metal[1], and had spent 30 years without any interruption in
| forming him under several Aspects and Constellations. [...] and
| being put and fastened together in the form of a Man, had the
| faculty to reveal to the said Albertus the solutions of all his
| principal difficulties. To which they add (that nothing be lost
| of the story of the Statue) that it was battered to pieces by
| St Thomas, merely because he could not bear its excess of
| prating. But to give a more rational account of this
| _Androides_ of _Albertus_ , as also of the miraculous heads,
| [...]"
|
| [1] i.e., brass ("brazen heads" are mentioned earlier in the
| paragraph).
|
| (I've modernized the spellings.)
|
| So I think the Androides (I think this is intended as a Greek-
| looking singular title, not as an English plural; it's a
| translation of French "Androide") is meant to be a whole
| person, not just a talking head, although the book talks about
| it in the context of other things that _were_ just talking
| heads.
|
| The author declines to believe that Albertus actually made a
| statue that was able to talk rationally. The specific reasons
| he gives aren't super-convincing to a modern reader, but I
| suspect they're mostly rationalizations and his real reason for
| being unconvinced is just that the story doesn't sound
| plausible. (Plus, he wants to acquit Albertus of the charge of
| doing magic in the treating-with-the-powers-of-evil sense.)
|
| He does say that statues able to make vaguely speech-like
| noises are surely possible "by the help of that part of
| _Natural Magick_ which depends on the _Mathematicks_ " :-).
| dr_dshiv wrote:
| Thanks for pulling that out! And apologies for my quick post.
|
| Another book you might like is "Mathematical Magick" by John
| Wilkins, one of the founders of the Royal Society [1]. In
| those days, quite a bit of scientific inspiration came from
| previous works on "natural magick." There are many books like
| this at the Embassy of the Free Mind in Amsterdam! [2]
|
| [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_Magick
|
| [2] https://embassyofthefreemind.com/en
| jhedwards wrote:
| This reminds me of an ancient Chinese story from the Liezi,
| where a craftsman presents a robot to King Mu that can sing
| and dance. After the robot beckons to the kind's concubines,
| he orders the craftsman to be killed. The craftsman is
| terrified and deconstructs the robot, demonstrating to the
| king that it is simply a collection of inanimate items. The
| king is impressed and says "can it be that the skill of a man
| can be equal to that of the creator?" It's a great story that
| I discovered because it's an early instance comparing
| creativity and invention to divine power. Not sure if it has
| been translated but the text is here:
| https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en&id=37480
| deadbabe wrote:
| It may be possible to come up with something like an analog
| version of Markov chains. As you turn a crank words keep
| sounding out based on probability.
| gjm11 wrote:
| For an earlyish (but fictional, rather simplistic, and
| satirically intended) version of this, see
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Engine .
| layer8 wrote:
| Link to the actual page:
| https://archive.org/details/b30337161/page/249/mode/1up
| lqet wrote:
| > "Now, it could be that on the whole we're a lot larger now than
| even overweight medievals were, or that St. Thomas was never the
| portly friar described by his legend," Father Aquinas quipped,
| adding, "Regardless, the stories of St. Thomas' size are probably
| exaggerated."
|
| According to Martin Luther (who may have had an interest in
| discrediting him), Thomas Aquinas was able to devour an entire
| goose, and a piece of his dining table had to be cut out to
| accommodate his immense body [0]
|
| [0]
| https://books.google.de/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&hl=de&...
| red_trumpet wrote:
| Also, Luther was born ~250 years after Thomas Aquinas, so this
| could have already become legend.
| karaterobot wrote:
| Perhaps the most salient reason not to trust his description
| of the man: he never met Aquinas, nor met anyone who met
| anyone who met him.
| clarionbell wrote:
| Yep, definitely not a slander there. I mean, why would Luther
| of all people have a problem with one of most important figures
| of Catholic scholasticism.
| mvieira38 wrote:
| I wonder if Martin Luther would have a reason to slander the
| head figure of catholicism and creator of the doctrine used by
| Cajetan to argue against his own doctrine... The same Luther
| who was proven by his own disciples to have exaggerated many
| stories about catholics in his biography.
| lazide wrote:
| You don't get all the way to 95 Theses by keeping the boat on
| an even keel.
| Boogie_Man wrote:
| With all respect to Martin Luther, he was also enormously
| rotund. Gluttony seems to have been the main vice of several
| important theologians.
| legitster wrote:
| Pre-typewriter, writing was extremely time-consuming and
| inactive. It was also an occupation afforded to very few. It
| is not a stretch to assume as a rule anyone engaging in
| writing was going to be heavier.
| AStonesThrow wrote:
| Monasteries and religious houses could be well-supported,
| wealthy, with comfortable lifestyles for the intellectual, and
| there were a lot of them.
|
| (In those days there was plenty of support and regulation for
| two, or more men, to get together and live as a family; women
| as well)
|
| So now we can study figures such as St. Teresa of Avila, St.
| John of the Cross, Henry VIII, calling them all to repentance,
| and consider how their lives ended.
|
| Does anyone know some good Amish furniture for sale online?
| beardyw wrote:
| People's faces are very rarely that symmetrical which raises
| doubt in my mind.
| masswerk wrote:
| Isn't this reconstruction a bit on the slim side? Aquinas was
| reportedly, let's say, a man of portly presence.
|
| I can't find a scholarly source on the matter, at the moment, but
| here are two quotes I found on the website of a nun[1] (no less,
| so probably written in good faith):
|
| > St. Thomas was a huge heavy bull of a man, fat and slow and
| quiet; very mild and magnanimous but not very sociable; shy, even
| apart from the humility of holiness; and abstracted, even apart
| from his occasional and carefully concealed experiences of trance
| or ecstasy. (G.K. Chesterton)
|
| > St. Thomas Aquinas was a compulsive over-eater who was not just
| fat but morbidly obese and physically grotesque. (Myron Shibley)
|
| [1] http://asksistermarymartha.blogspot.com/2009/01/how-fat-
| was-...
|
| (Fun fact, there's a reference to this in Umberto Eco's The Name
| of the Rose, alluding to difficulties with the transport of the
| body over a staircase, which coincides with circumstances of G.K.
| Chesterton's passing, as described on that page.)
| ryukoposting wrote:
| The article discusses this. The researchers admit they can't
| know for sure if they got that part right. On the other hand,
| standards for body size were very different 750 years ago than
| today, so that's certainly part of it. Legends tend to get more
| exaggerated over time, and the legend of Thomas Aquinas has had
| _plenty_ of time for exaggeration to build up.
| masswerk wrote:
| I'm aware of this. But the article gives no reason for this
| choice. It's rather a "well, couldn't it be" hypothetical,
| provided as a quote:
|
| > "Now, it could be that on the whole we're a lot larger now
| than even overweight medievals were, or that St. Thomas was
| never the portly friar described by his legend," Father
| Aquinas quipped, adding, "Regardless, the stories of St.
| Thomas' size are probably exaggerated."
|
| This is certainly in stark contrast to the centuries-long
| traditional notion of Aquinas' appearance, which may require
| some further detail why and how this choice was made. - I can
| see why the quoted father Aquinas should be excited by this
| "angelic" appearance, but this may be hardly sufficient to
| motivate a scientific choice. Personally, I can't see how the
| size of the skull (the sole evidence) should or could
| correlate with body mass.
| Rebelgecko wrote:
| It's crazy how standards for body size can change over even
| shorter time periods.
|
| I was watching an old game show with Bob Barker and one of
| the competitions was for people to guess stats about the
| "average" man, and then run around Hollywood looking for a
| man who matched that description. So each competitor would
| guess the average age, height, number of kids, etc. One woman
| guessed that the average man weighed 180 pounds and Bob
| Barker mocked her mercilessly for thinking that the average
| man is such a fatso.
| abecedarius wrote:
| Similarly, 70s Steve Wozniak was supposed to be kinda
| chubby, but people this millennium seeing those old photos
| are like "what? he's totally average?"
| gadders wrote:
| He looks semi-hench in the pic on this page with David
| Lee Roth: https://lamag.com/news/steve-wozniak-us-fest
| kenjackson wrote:
| During the Super Bowl they put up a stat about the size of
| the average lineman in SB 1 vs now. In SB1 they were 6'3"
| and about 248lbs (something like that). And now they are
| 6'6" and 330lbs.
|
| That old OLine gets killed in P5 college football now.
| caymanjim wrote:
| I was about 180lbs by the end of highschool, and I was one
| of the fattest kids in my class. Not to the point that I
| was given fat kid nicknames or openly mocked, but I was
| almost always the fattest kid in any given group. Picked
| last for teams in gym class, chuckled-at when trying to do
| pullups for the Presidential Physical Fitness Test.
|
| Now I'm 260lbs and fat by any standard. What I wouldn't
| give to be 180lbs again.
| aaronblohowiak wrote:
| Idk if you are serious about that, but if you are there
| is hope. For about $200/month (not going through
| insurance) it can be quite easy to not eat so much. I
| have been really shocked by how much my mind has been
| quieted by not being obsessed about food and never
| feeling deprived. Downside: you feel full all the time.
| Hims.com it's super easy (no office visits no video
| conferencing) and fast. Not affiliated except as a happy
| customer (my wife is happy too.) you CAN out-eat it, but
| it's far easier not to.
| nu11ptr wrote:
| Yes, and people have gotten used to the new standard. I
| know many people who have lost weight, look great and have
| a healthy amount of body fat. People then say they are "too
| skinny", but they aren't by any standard measurement and
| are still heavier than most from 1980s or before. When like
| 75% of people are overweight, healthy weight people tend to
| look thin to people (I get these 'too skinny' comments
| myself occasionally: 5'10" male, 170lbs, ~13-14% bf).
| pantalaimon wrote:
| How about 25000 years ago?
|
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_figurine
| masswerk wrote:
| This is close to home, geographically speaking (65km). ;-)
| TheFreim wrote:
| The idea that St. Thomas Aquinas was "portly" or even obese is
| likely an exaggeration that occurred over time due to
| overemphasis of certain aspects of his appearance. Early
| accounts depict him as being both very _tall_ and _strong_
| having a _big head_ , often with a build closer to a wrestler
| or football player than that of an obese man. As far as I can
| tell, St. Thomas was certainly an imposing figure but people
| have decided to engage in exaggerations based on some accounts
| of his appearance to the detriment of others.
|
| For example, one of the earliest works covering St. Thomas'
| life was written by William de Tocco in the early 14th century,
| St. Thomas is described as "showing himself a robust and virile
| man" during manual labor. Contrary to the extremely exaggerated
| accusations of extreme gluttony by people like Shibley, William
| de Tocco emphasizes that the physical stature of St. Thomas was
| in accord with moderate and virtuous conduct which would
| preclude severe gluttony, "[I]t seems that God had fashioned
| his body as the noblest of instruments, which St. Thomas always
| held subservient to acts of virtue and which he never permitted
| to contravene the judgement of reason."
|
| The iconographic tradition is also not uniform, with large
| variation across the centuries. I'll link some early depictions
| of St. Thomas Aquinas from the 14th and 15th century that don't
| match the "morbidly obese" claims:
|
| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Lippo_Me...
|
| https://www.kressfoundation.org/kress-collection/artwork/498...
|
| https://catholiceducation.org/en/culture/art/saint-thomas-aq...
|
| https://catholicclassicalict.wordpress.com/wp-content/upload...
|
| https://www.wikiart.org/en/fra-angelico/st-thomas-aquinas-14...
|
| There is another source I recall reading recently that gave
| credence to the thinner depictions, but unfortunately I haven't
| been able to dig it up.
| abrenuntio wrote:
| It might be added that Dominicans had the explicit calling to
| crown their preaching by leading virtuous lives marked by
| poverty. As an example of this, especially in the early days,
| Dominicans traveled a lot by foot as a form of austerity.
| This could certainly work with having a bit of a girth, but
| the full experience of 13th century Dominican life is hard to
| square with "morbid obesity" or being "physically grotesque".
| We also know that Aquinas was humble, spiritual and deeply
| motivated to join this new mendicant order specifically. He
| resisted all attempts of his noble family to steer him in
| other directions that would have been more prestigious in the
| eyes of the world. I also remember reading that Aquinas ate
| only once a day to devote himself more fully to his work (not
| sure where though).
| masswerk wrote:
| > Early accounts depict him as being both very tall and
| strong having a _big head_
|
| The article, on the other hand, makes a point that the skull
| is quite small... (which seems to be the principal argument
| for the rather slim reconstruction)
|
| At this point, it's probably really more a case of
| iconography (which, for the most, features Aquinas as one of
| the most prominent portly men in history) than of actual
| history. But, I think, any concepts or notions guiding the
| reconstruction should have been provided, and I'm kind of
| missing these.
| michaelsbradley wrote:
| It's been awhile since I saw reference to Sister Mary Martha.
|
| SMM is (was -- inactive for 10 years now) an online persona and
| it's not clear if the blogger was actually a religious sister.
| The blog's content seems intended mainly as entertainment.
| argentier wrote:
| Chesterton described Aquinas as looking quite like Chesterton.
| Judging by the name at least half a millenium separates Myron
| Shibley from Aquinas.
|
| Can't it just be a myth, as it seems to hang on a single
| anecdote?
|
| For comparison, the medievals thought that Ovid's name, Publius
| Ovidius Naso, was because he had a good nose for sniffing out
| the truth.
| taurknaut wrote:
| > Chesterton described Aquinas as looking quite like
| Chesterton.
|
| I was unaware that Chesterton met Aquinas! He must have been
| quite old at that point.
|
| I can't imagine anything that Chesterton could add to this
| conversation. He's reading the same texts the rest of us are.
| TBH this pretty much sums up his entire career.
| masswerk wrote:
| Of course, this is by no means historic evidence, it's more
| an example of the common notion of his appearance - and,
| admittedly, a rather extreme one.
|
| (And, as already mentioned, Umberto Eco kind of made fun of
| the semblance.)
|
| Regarding Ovid's name, I think, there was kind of a joy in
| circular evidence, more for aesthetic reasons than others.
| Compare, "artifex generale nomen vocatur quod artem faciat"
| (Isidore), or the notion that the lion indeed obscures its
| tracks by wiping its path by its wagging tail, because the
| lion is thus the example of Christianity preserving its
| secrets from its pagan enemies. There's a medieval joy, even
| satisfaction, in closures and folds, like this.
| MiddleEndian wrote:
| https://old.reddit.com/r/funny/comments/yj1gf2/whatcha_gonna...
| penneyd wrote:
| Are there any examples of these types of reconstructions where
| the reconstruction has been performed blind on the skull of
| someone for which we have photos?
| 725686 wrote:
| I would also love to see this. I I'm very skeptic about this
| kinds of reconstructions based only on the remains.
| CobrastanJorji wrote:
| Yes, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5931631/
|
| Note that the National Library of Medicine is hosted on NIH,
| and the administration has been scrubbing much of that content,
| so I think the link works now, but I can't promise that it will
| stay good.
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