[HN Gopher] Three Observations
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Three Observations
        
       Author : davidbarker
       Score  : 179 points
       Date   : 2025-02-09 21:06 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.samaltman.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.samaltman.com)
        
       | imjonse wrote:
       | "as we get closer to achieving AGI, we believe that trending more
       | towards individual empowerment is important; the other likely
       | path we can see is AI being used by authoritarian governments to
       | control their population through mass surveillance and loss of
       | autonomy."
       | 
       | The AI being controlled by megacorps scenario conveniently left
       | out.
        
         | DiscourseFan wrote:
         | Currently, OpenAI is the only real big corporation that
         | controls it, but DeepSeek and the myriad academic researchers
         | working on making the models even more efficient are smaller
         | scale and fairly disruptive.
        
           | pithanyChan wrote:
           | > even more efficient are smaller scale and fairly
           | disruptive.
           | 
           | your tiny powerful PC "against" data centers running
           | tickytackytock style brainwashing, priming rythms over days,
           | weeks, months, personalized and perfectly timed with all that
           | IoT you pass every day everywhere, just for the sale, the
           | vote, disrupting your cognitive processes, watching you react
           | and act, testing and quantifying your interactions and their
           | (crawling:) _psycho-social_ envelopment of your
           | development... berry undisruptive, if you ask me, all while
           | you think you 're so very normal, thank you very much.
           | 
           | not much to hope for except "uuuuh you can makes animes and
           | animations for bluestergram and threats" and ADverse content
           | for le Tube and run automated companies whose supply chains
           | will be just that and maybe maybe maybe train a wAIfu to post
           | on XXX to hopefully find an accelerating ( or exhilarating)
           | and adequately perverted one made of flesh and so on ...
        
             | chairmansteve wrote:
             | Yep. There's a big difference between personal truth and
             | statiscal truth.
             | 
             | In the short term, an individual can avoid the megacorp
             | manipulations. But society will change and those changes
             | will affect the individual.
        
             | coderenegade wrote:
             | At this stage, it's looking entirely possible that large
             | closed models aren't viable as a moat, because, by virtue
             | of making the model available for use, you open yourself up
             | to having your weights distilled. AI, like anything else,
             | will hit diminishing returns, because there's only so far
             | ahead you can look without error bars exploding, and beyond
             | a certain point, writing "better" code is an academic
             | exercise. Under these circumstances, it would be reasonable
             | to expect that the average person could have a decent
             | amount of useful intelligence at their fingertips.
             | 
             | The cynic in me suspects that the result will be zero
             | public access, and a b2b AI service model only from the big
             | players. The optimist in me hopes that the genie has
             | already been unbottled, and open weights (if not
             | necessarily open source) has enough momentum to ensure that
             | people can host this stuff on their own if they so choose.
             | In both cases, training data will be so locked down it'll
             | make breaking into the Pentagon look like an excursion to
             | the sand pit.
        
           | NewJazz wrote:
           | Meta, Alphabet, Amazon, and Microsoft have considerable
           | control over state of the art models.
        
         | Analemma_ wrote:
         | Even pointing that out is kind of a distraction from the real
         | issue: DOGE is currently an excellent demonstration that the
         | distinction between authoritarian governments and megacorps is
         | a mostly-artificial one, which can and will be blurred to
         | irrelevance if doing so is convenient for the powers that be.
        
           | snozolli wrote:
           | "Fascism should more properly be called corporatism because
           | it is the merger of state and corporate power." -- Benito
           | Mussolini
        
             | Gys wrote:
             | https://blog.skepticallibertarian.com/2013/02/07/fake-
             | quote-...
        
               | snozolli wrote:
               | Yeah, I've seen the two sites that claim that it's a fake
               | quote. The link you posted contains a bunch of
               | doublespeak in an attempt to avoid the fact that fascism
               | leans very heavily into corporatism.
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | Whether it's fake or not is missing the point. Either
               | way, Italian fascism was corporatist. But "corporatism"
               | doesn't mean what people think it means. It refers to
               | dealing with society in terms of different fields,
               | professions, and industries, with "corporation" referring
               | to groups that represented the common interests of those.
               | It's not used here in the common sense of "legally
               | recognized business" and it doesn't refer to rule by said
               | businesses.
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | So just say that and don't post a fake quote, jeez.
               | Wikiquote has it under "misattributed":
               | 
               | https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Benito_Mussolini#Misattribu
               | ted
               | 
               | "You won't win anyone over with fake quotes" -- Joan of
               | Arc
        
               | snozolli wrote:
               | I didn't post a fake quote. I pasted a quote that two
               | sites -- one of which is nearly a direct copy of the
               | other -- claim is fake.
               | 
               | Do you disagree that fascism leans heavily into
               | corporatism? Surely you realize that's the point here,
               | right? If your entire argument is "I don't believe that
               | Mussolini actually wrote that" then we have nothing to
               | discuss.
        
           | coderenegade wrote:
           | Sovereignty is the ultimate business, because you get paid
           | just for existing. You become the ultimate rentier, because
           | you own all land by default, and have a monopoly on violence.
           | 
           | The British East India Company outright ruled vast areas of
           | India; it was eventually nationalized, and all territories it
           | controlled were ceded to the crown because it became too
           | powerful in its own right.
        
       | zazazache wrote:
       | lol, lmao even
       | 
       | 1) give me more money and i will make you rich 2) don't look at
       | deepseek 3) I repeat: there is no reason to not keep giving me
       | EXPONENTIALLY more money to boil all of the oceans
        
       | llamaimperative wrote:
       | > Over time, in fits and starts, the steady march of human
       | innovation [alongside monumental efforts of risk mitigation of
       | each new innovation] has brought previously unimaginable levels
       | of prosperity and improvements to almost every aspect of people's
       | lives.
       | 
       | Anyway, AI/AGI will not yield economic liberation for the masses.
       | We already produce more than enough for economic liberation all
       | over the world, many times over. It hasn't happened. Why? Snuck
       | in here:
       | 
       | > the price of... a few inherently limited resources like land
       | may rise even more dramatically.
       | 
       | This is really the crux of it. The price of land will skyrocket,
       | driving the "cost of living" (cost of land) wedge further between
       | the haves and have-nots.
        
         | derektank wrote:
         | Can you define what you mean by economic liberation? For most
         | of economic history, I think the definition would have been
         | freedom from famine and slavery and I think on both counts
         | we've been wildly successful. Both basically only occur in
         | failed states, where there's either no government at all
         | (Somalia, Sudan, parts of Iraq and Syria) or the government is
         | an authoritarian dictatorship (North Korea, Venezuela)
         | 
         | I ask, because I think you might be overestimating the ability
         | of the current global system to produce "economic liberation",
         | depending upon what you mean. A rough estimate of GDP per
         | capita would put it at ~$20K if you adjust for purchasing
         | power, less than $15K if you don't. That's well below what most
         | people in the developed world would consider to be free of
         | burden or worry and it assumes a completely equal distribution
         | of all production, which is obviously unreasonable.
         | 
         | We need to continue to push the ball forward in growing wealth
         | by continuing to improve productivity, which is going to
         | require continued advancements in technology like mass adoption
         | of AI.
        
           | llamaimperative wrote:
           | Oh sure, I'm not one of those "the world is so awful" people.
           | We've made _immense_ progress on a lot of very important
           | dimensions.
           | 
           | Fair point on the current output not producing enough to
           | really give people their time back.
           | 
           | And yes I agree, we should continue pushing productivity
           | forward. My point is only that productivity growth _by
           | itself_ does not necessarily yield anything close to the
           | optimal distribution of its benefits. In fact we have good
           | reason to believe that higher tiers of technology which
           | produce more technological leverage owned by fewer and fewer
           | people are naturally _antagonistic_ to optimal distribution
           | of its benefits.
           | 
           | I'll take a fairly expansive definition of "optimal
           | distribution" here to just say we should shoot at least for a
           | distribution of wealth that is socially and politically
           | stable for a free society in the long run.
        
           | djeastm wrote:
           | >A rough estimate of GDP per capita would put it at ~$20K if
           | you adjust for purchasing power, less than $15K if you don't.
           | 
           | Is that spread across only working adults or does it include
           | children? A better metric to examine might be per family, if
           | you have it.
        
           | alexashka wrote:
           | > Can you define what you mean by economic liberation?
           | 
           | Not having to work outside of providing basic necessities for
           | yourself and the rest of humanity.
           | 
           | As for GDP - economists have been embarrassing and
           | discrediting themselves for decades - please don't cite their
           | propaganda in discussions about the real world.
           | 
           | You need to measure real world things. Can we grow enough
           | food, can we build enough shelter, can we transport goods,
           | can we make clothes, basic medicine? Without working 40
           | hours/week? The answer should be obvious.
           | 
           | This insane talk of productivity is more economist
           | propaganda. We've been plenty productive for a long time. The
           | problem is an incompetent elite and a populace that continues
           | to not believe their lying eyes, citing 'experts'.
        
           | pithanyChan wrote:
           | a) to be free from the enforcement of someones desperate
           | desire to hard-code envy into children via products, ads and
           | media
           | 
           | b) to not have schools and teachers filter and then reinforce
           | pupils for jobs that serve class construction
           | 
           | c) to make sure that every kid can get it's near infinite and
           | non-hazardous (before creative construction) LEGOs that they
           | can play with in peaceful environments where fathers and
           | mothers have enough on their accounts to provide peaceful and
           | unhealthy-stress-free environments and food and water
           | 
           | c) so that anyone can at least try long enough, if they so
           | wish, to become a polymath scientist, artist and craftsman,
           | and if it doesn't work out, to never have to be angry at some
           | pre-emptively envious people who create and abuse crisis to
           | drive pointlessly higher and higher prices that are NOT
           | supported by any logic or otherwise reasonable justification
        
         | lukev wrote:
         | This is a key point. Given current overall levels of economic
         | productivity, we should all be working 3-4 day weeks, at most.
         | 
         | To whom do the benefits of all this newfound efficiency accrue?
        
           | newAccount2025 wrote:
           | To the 1%? Just look at the historic wealth distribution
           | chart. It's wild.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_inequality_in_the_Uni.
           | ..
        
         | regularization wrote:
         | > Anyway, AI/AGI will not yield economic liberation for the
         | masses. We already produce more than enough for economic
         | liberation all over the world, many times over. It hasn't
         | happened.
         | 
         | In Marshall Sahlins's Stone Age Economics, he studies work time
         | of hunter gatherer tribes in Africa, Papua New Guinea, the
         | Amazon etc. They often less work less than 40 hours a week. The
         | hunter gatherer painting in caves in Chauvet seemed to have
         | leisure time. Less hours than some fresh college grad pounding
         | out C++ or C# for Electronic Arts any how.
         | 
         | The past 50 years has seen the hourly wage stay flat while the
         | profit workers create is sucked up by the heirs.
         | 
         | Paying for four years if college to get a CS degree, then
         | studying Leetcode, interning, working cheap as an
         | associate/junior used to be seen as a good path, but obviously
         | since late 2022 this has stagnated for most.
        
           | kaashif wrote:
           | > The past 50 years has seen the hourly wage stay flat while
           | the profit workers create is sucked up by the heirs.
           | 
           | Are you sure?
           | 
           | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEFAINUSA672N
           | 
           | The reality is that so much wealth has been created that the
           | US has seen rising wages AND rising inequality, with an
           | increasing proportion of growth ending up benefiting capital,
           | not labour.
        
             | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
             | Wait, that chart shows a 30% growth in _family_ income. For
             | a per-worker income comparison you 'd need divide by the
             | increase in dual-income families. Which has also increased
             | by about 30% since 1975.
        
               | kaashif wrote:
               | Actually, real median personal income has increased 50%
               | since 1975:
               | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEPAINUSA672N
               | 
               | I believe you may have seen some number somewhere, it
               | would be useful to have that to silence detractors.
        
           | bko wrote:
           | > Paying for four years if college to get a CS degree, then
           | studying Leetcode, interning, working cheap as an
           | associate/junior used to be seen as a good path, but
           | obviously since late 2022 this has stagnated for most.
           | 
           | What?
           | 
           | Go to a state school, median amount is ~11k a year. Then
           | study Leetcode for a month (free or $35). Buy Cracking the
           | Coding Interview ($33 new). Get a job as a software engineer
           | making a median wage of $140k
           | 
           | Only on HN could someone see this opportunity set and think
           | it's stagnated.
           | 
           | https://www.bankrate.com/loans/student-loans/average-cost-
           | of...
           | 
           | https://builtin.com/salaries/us/software-engineer
        
         | mrshadowgoose wrote:
         | > We already produce more than enough for economic liberation
         | all over the world, many times over. It hasn't happened. Why?
         | 
         | Because directing material resources towards that end requires
         | a certain aggregate amount of willing/aligned general
         | intelligence, which we simply don't have as a society. Failure
         | after failure of socialist states demonstrate that human
         | general intelligence is on average, uninterested in working
         | towards the greater good. AGI won't have such limitations.
         | 
         | The blog post even addresses this: "the cost of intelligence
         | and the cost of energy constrain a lot of things".
         | 
         | However, I actually do agree with you, but for a different
         | reason. AGI is highly unlikely to yield economic liberation for
         | the masses. Not because we won't have the intelligence
         | capacity, but because the iota of people that will have their
         | hands on the levers of power will in all likelyhood be
         | uninterested in tending to the masses of now economically
         | useless people.
        
         | rand_r wrote:
         | This is a great point. Life is tough because we are all
         | competing in a game. Tweaking the rules of the game so that
         | each basket is worth more points doesn't make the game easier
         | for any player.
         | 
         | From Henry George:
         | 
         | > Now, to produce wealth, two things are required: labor and
         | land. Therefore, the effect of labor-saving improvements will
         | be to extend the demand for land. So the primary effect of
         | labor-saving improvements is to increase the power of labor.
         | But the secondary effect is to extend the margin of production.
         | And the end result is to increase rent.
         | 
         | > This shows that effects attributed to population are really
         | due to technological progress. It also explains the otherwise
         | perplexing fact that laborsaving machinery fails to benefit
         | workers
        
           | Isamu wrote:
           | >explains the otherwise perplexing fact that laborsaving
           | machinery fails to benefit workers
           | 
           | I disagree, the reason why workers don't benefit is because
           | they are mostly paid to put hours in. Owners claim the gains
           | of better machinery because they reason it is a capital
           | investment at the business level.
           | 
           | Really I don't see why see why this is perplexing. What is
           | really perplexing is that some economists thought that
           | productivity gains would somehow accrue gains for workers.
        
             | llamaimperative wrote:
             | You say this isn't perplexing while commenting on an
             | article by one of the most important people in industry
             | repeating exactly this fallacy?
             | 
             | HN is full of people who happily and earnestly propagate
             | this "obvious" falsehood.
        
         | graycat wrote:
         | > The price of land will skyrocket
         | 
         | Is that really true?
         | 
         | Let's look at some data from Google, the World Bank, etc.:
         | US land area: 3,532,316 square miles               US
         | population: 334.9 million               640 acres per square
         | mile               ( 640 * 3,532,316 ) / 334,900,000 =
         | 6.750 acres per person               Fertility rate: 1.66
         | births per woman          (2022) World Bank               GDP
         | growth rate: 2.5% annual change          (2023) World Bank
         | 
         | So, per family of four, that would be                    ( 4 *
         | 640 * 3,532,316 ) / 334,900,000          = 27 acres per family
         | of four
         | 
         | "Skyrocket?" With the fertility rate of 1.66, the US population
         | is falling so that the acres per person is increasing.
         | 
         | A guess is that people are crowded into tall buildings in dense
         | cities to reduce costs of communications. So, yes, in dense
         | cities, the cost of land per acre is comparatively high.
         | 
         | But the Internet is reducing the costs of communications
         | meaning that people can move to land that is less densely
         | populated and cheaper.
         | 
         | So, for the near future, tough to believe:
         | 
         | > The price of land will skyrocket
        
           | llamaimperative wrote:
           | If this logic worked, all land and therefore rent would
           | currently be ~free since there's ample open space all over
           | the continent.
           | 
           | The price of land is set by the productivity of it.
           | Productivity goes up (by increased density, public
           | infrastructure, private investment, or technological
           | advancement) -> price of land goes up.
        
             | computerdork wrote:
             | Actually, the part that that person was focusing on was
             | that the fertility rate is below the replacement rate.
             | Yeah, if we also decrease our immigration rate, our
             | population could peak out even in a decade or two:
             | https://www.axios.com/2023/11/09/us-population-decline-
             | down-...
        
             | graycat wrote:
             | "Price of land goes up": In simple terms, the Internet is
             | providing huge areas of land suddenly now feasible for use;
             | the larger supply will lower US average costs per acre.
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | Empirically hasn't happened. It turns out people enjoy
               | being near other people, so actually the increase in
               | productivity has outstripped preference for less-dense
               | living.
        
       | talles wrote:
       | TLDR:
       | 
       | 1. The intelligence of an AI model roughly equals the log of the
       | resources used to train and run it.
       | 
       | 2. The cost to use a given level of AI falls about 10x every 12
       | months, and lower prices lead to much more use.
       | 
       | 3. The socioeconomic value of linearly increasing intelligence is
       | super-exponential in nature.
        
         | DiscourseFan wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | dang wrote:
           | " _Please don 't post shallow dismissals, especially of other
           | people's work. A good critical comment teaches us
           | something._"
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
             | DiscourseFan wrote:
             | With all due respect, I wouldn't be surprised if Sam Altman
             | uses his own software to help him write his blog.
        
         | bambax wrote:
         | The only true part is 2.
         | 
         | 1 is plainly false. Enormous ressources have been poured into
         | models since the end 2023 and the "intelligence" (for lack of a
         | better term) has stayed roughly the same, around the level of
         | GPT-4. Nothing has happened since then.
         | 
         | 3 is a philosophical opinion, not based on any falsifiable
         | evidence.
         | 
         | All in all: mostly FUD, as per the usual MO.
        
           | uluyol wrote:
           | How is 1 false? Log improvement means for 10x the cost the
           | model is 2x as good. For 100x the cost, the model is 3x as
           | good.
           | 
           | Not a curve to be happy about TBH. You need to simultaneously
           | find big efficiency wins and drive up costs substantially to
           | get 4-5x improvements, and it is probably impossible to
           | maintain good year on year improvements after the first 2-3
           | years when you get all the low hanging fruit.
        
           | CamperBob2 wrote:
           | _1 is plainly false. Enormous ressources have been poured
           | into models since the end 2023 and the "intelligence" (for
           | lack of a better term) has stayed roughly the same, around
           | the level of GPT-4. Nothing has happened since then._
           | 
           | You need to spend some quality time with o1-pro and/or Gemini
           | Pro 2.0 Experimental. It is not the case that there has been
           | no progress since GPT4. CoT reasoning is a BFD.
        
           | bdangubic wrote:
           | _1 is plainly false. Enormous ressources have been poured
           | into models since the end 2023 and the "intelligence" (for
           | lack of a better term) has stayed roughly the same, around
           | the level of GPT-4. Nothing has happened since then._
           | 
           | this would be true only for people who have used the same
           | model since 2023 :) Jesus!
        
       | gloflo wrote:
       | "as we get closer to achieving AGI"
       | 
       | AGI as defined by OpenAI as s "AI systems that can generate at
       | least $100 billion in profits", right? Because what they are
       | doing has very little to do with actual AGI.
        
         | csmpltn wrote:
         | > "AI systems that can generate at least $100 billion in
         | profits"
         | 
         | Like... a calculator? or Python?
        
           | graypegg wrote:
           | Linear Regression could be the world's first AGI /sarcasm
        
       | fsndz wrote:
       | The chief hype officer is back at it again. Altman is defending
       | exponential progress when everything points to incremental
       | progress with signs of diminishing returns. Altman thinks
       | benefits will naturally trickle down when everything points to
       | corporation replacing employees with AI to boost their profit
       | margins. I now understand why some people say Sama might be
       | wrong: https://www.lycee.ai/blog/why-sam-altman-is-wrong
        
         | bwfan123 wrote:
         | "assume the sale" is the marketing tactic. ie, in every pitch,
         | project that agi (whatever that means) is here, and is a
         | persistent threat.
         | 
         | unfortunately, ai is not search or social. there are no
         | network-effects here. so, get-big-fast is not going to work.
         | and slowly the masses start waking up and asking what the hell
         | is this good for except as a fancy auto-complete.
        
           | EA-3167 wrote:
           | Unfortunately there is essentially a loose federation of
           | quasi-religious "cults" that have emerged around the topic of
           | AI. For an otherwise mostly secular group of people, the lure
           | of reinventing Abrahamic religion in their own image was
           | inescapable. I feel like most sensible people took the off
           | ramp by the time Roko's Basilisk popped up, but as we saw
           | with the Zizians that's not always the case.
           | 
           | So there's this thread of taking two assumptions at face
           | value I see a lot here and elsewhere:
           | 
           | 1. What we call "AI" now is actually some kind of AI, and the
           | rest is just scaling up.
           | 
           | 2. It's inevitable that AGI would conform to sci-fi tropes.
           | 
           | Meanwhile we've been watching BILLIONS spent on data centers,
           | power for data centers, water for data centers... all of that
           | going in one end, and LLM's coming out the other.
           | 
           | As long as the future AI overlord requires enough power and
           | water to run a city, and the best it can manage amounts to a
           | fun show, I'll keep my alarmism in check.
           | 
           | But Altman, man he really know his audience, and he's going
           | to sell sell sell, to an audience that's been primed on
           | fiction and religion to believe in him like some kind of
           | blank-faced prophet.
        
         | csomar wrote:
         | > Altman thinks benefits will naturally trickle down when
         | everything points to corporation replacing employees with AI to
         | boost their profit margins.
         | 
         | That's not what he is saying. He is saying that this investment
         | in AI will yield incredible returns and power. The investor
         | will dominate the next decade(s) and thus you should invest. Of
         | course, he has to say it in a careful way not to alarm
         | politically correct people. But, in essence, he is trying to
         | create investor FOMO to drive his next round.
        
           | fsndz wrote:
           | yeah that's mostly hype to get the next funding round
        
         | jb_rad wrote:
         | He explicitly stated progress is logarithmic.
         | 
         | > 1. The intelligence of an AI model roughly equals the log of
         | the resources used to train and run it.
        
         | raghavtoshniwal wrote:
         | The article you linked is from Sept '24 and points to the ARC-
         | AGI test as "evidence" that we're not getting close.
         | 
         | We're in Feb '25. ARC-AGI (at least the version they're
         | referencing) already has been solved by AI at above average
         | human level.
         | 
         | >everything points to incremental progress with signs of
         | diminishing returns.
         | 
         | Seems like everything in just Dec '24/ Jan '25 points the other
         | way. These models are already helping PhDs in novel research,
         | they're already getting super human at coding (yes yes, they're
         | not perfect and I'm sure someone on HN has this weird coding
         | job that AI can't replace yet and they're very excited to shit
         | over AI), but they've already replaced a lot of real software
         | dev jobs.
         | 
         | Also aren't you contradicting yourself?
         | 
         | > everything points to incremental progress with signs of
         | diminishing returns
         | 
         | > corporation replacing employees with AI
         | 
         | If we have incremental progress, how are corporations going to
         | replace employees with AI?
        
           | maleldil wrote:
           | > getting super human at coding
           | 
           | They're getting super-human at _competitive coding_, which is
           | essentially identifying and writing algorithms. They _are
           | not_ good at general coding, as demonstrated by their subpar
           | scores at benchmarks like SWE-bench, and even those aren't
           | particularly representative of what a real coding job is.
        
             | raghavtoshniwal wrote:
             | >subpar scores at benchmarks like SWE-bench
             | 
             | The last few models have remarkably improved on SWE-bench
             | too. o3 scores 73%, this number was in the low teens 16
             | months ago. Willing to wager that SWE benchmark gets
             | saturated before the end of 2025.
             | 
             | > aren't particularly representative of what a real coding
             | job
             | 
             | I don't know about that, large swath of "real world" coding
             | is writing plumbing and UIs for CRUD apps, they're getting
             | really good at that as well. Anecdotally, engineers I know
             | have gotten insanely productive with tools like Cursor.
        
           | fsndz wrote:
           | to get the score they had on ARC AGI, they had to fine-tune
           | o3 on ARC AGI. That is hardly a sign of general intelligence
           | or emergent capability.
           | 
           | PhD novel research ? What is the novel research discovered by
           | an LLM ever since the emergence of ChatGPT ? None. Despite
           | all the knowledge these models accumulate in their weights
           | they haven't been able to connect the dots and discover a lot
           | of things humans haven't discovered, autonomously.
           | 
           | Replace which software engineering job ? They are useful,
           | sure; good at benchmarks, yes; but not a drop in replacement
           | of any software engineer.
        
       | bambax wrote:
       | The very term "AGI" is a confession that the I in AI doesn't
       | stand for intelligence.
       | 
       | What is even the opposite of "general intelligence"? Specialized
       | intelligence?
       | 
       | But AI already has a large spectrum. It's not an expert system in
       | this or that. It's quite _general_. But it 's not actually
       | intelligent.
       | 
       | We should replace "AGI" with "AAI": Actual Artificial
       | Intelligence.
        
         | wat10000 wrote:
         | "AGI" because computers beat humans in many specific areas of
         | intelligence. Chess playing used to be considered AI, for
         | example. It wasn't too long ago that top human-level Go play
         | was considered out of reach for computers, now computers exceed
         | humans. But there isn't a system that matches or exceeds human
         | intelligence in all aspects. That's what the G is for.
        
       | edding4500 wrote:
       | > In some sense, AGI is just another tool in this ever-taller
       | scaffolding of human progress we are building together. In
       | another sense, it is the beginning of something for which it's
       | hard not to say "this time it's different"; the economic growth
       | in front of us looks astonishing, and we can now imagine a world
       | where we cure all diseases, have much more time to enjoy with our
       | families, and can fully realize our creative potential
       | 
       | yeah, right. What world is this guy living in? An idealistic one?
       | Will AI equally spread the profits of that economic growth he is
       | talking about? I only see companies getting by on less menpower
       | and doing fine, while poor people stay poor. Bravo. Well thought
       | trhough, guy who now sells "AI".
        
       | FloatArtifact wrote:
       | "Anyone in 2035 should be able to marshall the intellectual
       | capacity equivalent to everyone in 2025"
       | 
       | There's a lot to unpack there. Maintain an internal 10-year
       | technological lead compared to what's public with OpenAI?
        
       | qwertox wrote:
       | > 2. The cost to use a given level of AI falls about 10x every 12
       | months, and lower prices lead to much more use. You can see this
       | in the token cost from GPT-4 in early 2023 to GPT-4o in mid-2024,
       | where the price per token dropped about 150x in that time period.
       | Moore's law changed the world at 2x every 18 months; this is
       | unbelievably stronger.
       | 
       | This is so exciting. I guess NVIDIA's Project DIGITS [0] will be
       | the starting point for a bit more serious home lab usage of local
       | LLMs, while still being a bit like what Quadro used to be in the
       | pro/prosumer market in the 00s/10s.
       | 
       | Now it's all RTX, and while differences still exist between pro
       | gamer cards and workstation cards, most of what workstation GPUs
       | were used back then is easily doable by pro gamer cards nowadays.
       | 
       | Let's just hope that the quoted values are also valid for these
       | prosumer devices like Project DIGITS.
       | 
       | Also, let's hope that companies start targeting that user base
       | specifically, like a Groq SBC.
       | 
       | [0] https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-puts-grace-
       | blackwe...
        
       | caust1c wrote:
       | The crux of the challenges AGI presents is hardly mentioned as a
       | footnote in this blog:
       | 
       | > In particular, it does seem like the balance of power between
       | capital and labor could easily get messed up, and this may
       | require early intervention. We are open to strange-sounding ideas
       | like giving some "compute budget" to enable everyone on Earth to
       | use a lot of AI, but we can also see a lot of ways where just
       | relentlessly driving the cost of intelligence as low as possible
       | has the desired effect.
       | 
       | The primary challenge in my opinion is that access to AGI will
       | dramatically accelerate wealth inequality. Driving costs lower
       | will not magically enable the less educated to be better able to
       | educate themselves using AGI, particularly if they're already at
       | risk or on the edge of economic uncertainty.
       | 
       | I want to know how people like sama are thinking about the
       | economics of access to AGI in more broad terms, more than just a
       | footnote in a utopian fluff piece.
       | 
       | edit: I am an optimist when it comes to the applications around
       | AI, but I have no doubt that we're in for a rough time as the
       | world copes with the economic implications of it's applications.
       | Globally, the highest paying jobs are knowledge workers and we're
       | on the verge (relatively speaking) of making that work go the way
       | that blue collar work did in post-war United States. There's a
       | lot of hard problems ahead and it bothers me when people sweep
       | them under the rug in the name of progress.
        
       | timewizard wrote:
       | > 1. The intelligence of an AI model roughly equals the log of
       | the resources used to train and run it.
       | 
       | We are burning cash so fast and getting very little in return for
       | it. This is a death spiral and we refuse to admit it.
       | 
       | > The cost to use a given level of AI falls about 10x every 12
       | months, and lower prices lead to much more use.
       | 
       | We are entirely unconcerned with accuracy and refuse to see how
       | the limitations of our product will not allow us to follow this
       | simple economic aphorism into success.
       | 
       | > The socioeconomic value of linearly increasing intelligence is
       | super-exponential in nature.
       | 
       | You see, even though we're burning money at an exponentially
       | increasing rate, some how this /linear/ increase in output is
       | secretly "super-exponential" in nature. I have nothing to back
       | this up but you just have to believe me.
       | 
       | At least Steve Jobs build something worth having before
       | bullshitting about it. This is just embarassing.
        
       | guybedo wrote:
       | At first AI models/systems/agents help employees be more
       | productive.
       | 
       | But i can't imagine a future where this doesn't lead to mass
       | layoffs, or hiring freezes because these systems can replace tens
       | or hundreds of employess, the end result being more and more
       | unemployed people.
       | 
       | Sure there's been the industrial revolution and the argument
       | usually is: some people will lose their jobs but many other jobs
       | will be created. I'm not sure this argument gonna hold this time
       | given the magnitude of the change.
       | 
       | Is there any serious study of the impact of AI on society and
       | employment, and most importantly is there any solution to this
       | problem ?
        
         | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
         | In terms of solutions: UBI is frequently proposed. Depending on
         | the degree to which AI and automation obsoletes human labor and
         | increases, UBI could become arbitrarily redistributive.
         | Increased output would keep inflation at bay, and the reduced
         | incentive to work would be mitigated by the fact that there
         | almost wouldn't need to be any incentives remaining for wealth
         | creation.
         | 
         | Such an AGI scenario might also raise some old questions about
         | the degree to which wealth disparity-as-an-incentive-for-
         | success remains useful and justifiable. One wonders how Altman
         | would receive this proposal.
        
           | kadushka wrote:
           | I wonder what will happen to millions of people with $3k+/mo
           | mortgages when they're all unemployed and UBI is only $2k/mo.
        
             | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
             | Sounds like the mortgage market would go through a
             | correction? Or UBI would be bumped up to $4k. Lots of
             | possible outcomes.
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | Not without pain. Housing correction would lead to
               | foreclosures. Bumping UBI would lead to mortgage rates
               | rising due to the ensuing inflation
        
               | kadushka wrote:
               | 30% of people in US pay mortgage, average payment is
               | $2200. I have no idea where even $2k/mo of UBI will come
               | from - when no one works, no one pays taxes. To avoid
               | social unrest some new methods of wealth redistribution
               | will have to appear. Why is nobody talking about this?
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | If no one works no one pays _income_ taxes; this is one
               | reason why I mentioned sales taxes in another comment.
               | Income taxes are complicated to administer and a bad
               | incentive structure anyway.
               | 
               | Traditionally, sales taxes have been considered
               | regressive because they are linear; you can't bracket
               | them like income taxes, so they heavily burden the most
               | poor. But a UBI is progressive enough that a flat sales
               | tax to fund it should still leave society more equal.
        
               | kadushka wrote:
               | OK, so everyone gets UBI check today. Let's say 10% of
               | that check will be spent on sales tax. Where the next
               | month check is coming from?
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | The UBI check goes out every month; the sales tax
               | percentage is adjusted until the revenue matches the
               | amount sent out as UBI (or more optimistically, adjusted
               | until inflation is kept to a stable target).
               | 
               | Let's say that the sales tax reaches as high as 40%.
               | 
               | This means that if you are unemployed and destitute and
               | the UBI represents your entire spending power, ~40% of
               | your UBI check goes back to the government when you spend
               | it. If you are a rich guy living the good life on your
               | property portfolio rental income and MSFT dividends, 40%
               | of your spending also goes back to the government, which
               | is many multiples of your UBI check (which constitutes a
               | trivial amount of your income).
               | 
               | Remember, the UBI doesn't amount to all gross income,
               | even if nobody is employed. When you spend money to buy
               | furniture, _somebody_ gets it as their income, even if it
               | 's the shareholders of the IKEA robofactory. The people
               | on the top will end up paying more into the system than
               | they get out.
        
               | kadushka wrote:
               | So you're assuming rich guys will spend so much that 40%
               | of their spent money will cover 60% of the entire UBI
               | budget? Or do you also want rich guys to pay income tax?
               | No matter how I look at this I don't see it working
               | without a massive forced wealth redistribution from rich
               | to poor.
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | It's a mathematical certainty. Let me introduce it
               | another way: the government imposes a 40% sales tax and
               | then distributes the resulting revenue evenly as UBI,
               | however much it is.
               | 
               | Do you still have concerns about the program not covering
               | the UBI budget?
               | 
               | Aside from that, wealth follows a power law, so the rich
               | guys do spend a lot. They have some very fancy champagne.
               | I also elsewhere mentioned that the consumption value of
               | land ownership (the equivalent rent) should be included
               | in the sales tax, so that will be quite a substantial
               | redistributionary force.
        
               | camgunz wrote:
               | There's ~127m households in the US. At even $2k/mo (read:
               | roughly the poverty line) that's over $3 trillion, which
               | is half the US annual budget. UBI as a justification for
               | throwing millions of people out of work is a joke. But
               | this is obvious: far and away the markets for these
               | companies are other companies looking to replace humans,
               | not humans looking to kick back and let AI make their
               | money for them. No one running any of these companies
               | seriously thinks there's a policy to ameliorate the
               | effects of what they're building, let alone a policy
               | that's actually achievable. The entire stance is
               | "progress gonna progress, figure it out suckers". Not
               | great!
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | > UBI as a justification for throwing millions of people
               | out of work is a joke
               | 
               | AI is the justification; UBI is just the tourniquet.
        
             | lmm wrote:
             | They'll probably go bankrupt and have to move to flyover
             | country. But if you've got a steady income and don't need
             | to work then living in flyover country isn't so bad.
        
           | guybedo wrote:
           | yes, UBI is the solution usually proposed but i guess there's
           | a few problems.
           | 
           | First problem i see is UBI is gonna be paid by governments
           | when it's (mega-)corporations making (disproportionate)
           | profits thanks to AI and not employing humans anymore.
           | 
           | Something would need to compensate for this.I guess a new
           | taxes scheme based on the number of AI agents a company would
           | employ ?
        
             | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
             | If you ask me? A very large consumption tax would probably
             | handle most of it, as well as some form of asset taxation
             | (eg. on land and voting-rights shares, in terms of their
             | equivalent rental value).
             | 
             | This would basically amount to a leveling function across
             | society: people consuming less than the mean earn (much)
             | more in UBI than they pay in sales taxes. Wealthier people
             | who consume more than average would pay in more than they
             | get out. With wealth being power-law distributed, the
             | wealthy would end up paying a lot more.
             | 
             | Then you just tune the UBI value to achieve any desired
             | balance of equality vs incentive to work, while adjusting
             | the tax take to control inflation.
             | 
             | The megacorp wealth flows back to the shareholders, who
             | eventually will want to spend it on something.
        
               | oefrha wrote:
               | You think voting and taxation is gonna work if Altman and
               | co. achieves and monopolizes AGI? They can have
               | autonomous soldiers and weapons while precisely
               | controlling information intake of approximately everyone.
               | You only need be diplomatic when the power imbalance
               | isn't too huge.
               | 
               | I assume in that case they will pay everyone a small
               | allowance so that people aren't too much of a nuisance
               | and resistance is limited. As predicted by sci-fi.
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | I think there are a lot of plausible dystopian AI
               | outcomes, up to and including the extinction of the human
               | species. But that won't stop me from providing my
               | preferred policy recommendations for dealing with the
               | impacts of unemployment caused by automation.
        
               | worldsayshi wrote:
               | The core problem is uneven power distribution. Shaving
               | off some percentages of corp revenue will not compensate
               | enough for the rapidly growing power concentrations.
               | 
               | Giving everyone ability to run open source AGI night do a
               | bit of difference but if the big corps can run 1000x more
               | of it the power differential will keep growing.
               | 
               | There's maybe an opportunity to make (A)I crowdsourced
               | and find better ways to make our shared brain power and
               | GPU power more powerful than the cognitive power of data
               | centres.
        
               | theGnuMe wrote:
               | >The megacorp wealth flows back to the shareholders, who
               | eventually will want to spend it on something.
               | 
               | This is called trickle down economics.
               | 
               | >Wealthier people who consume more than average would pay
               | in more than they get out. With wealth being power-law
               | distributed, the wealthy would end up paying a lot more.
               | 
               | The wealthy consume basically the same amount as
               | everybody else in their day to day. They might purchase
               | better quality goods. So consumption taxes are
               | regressive. It is better to tax progressive wealth.
        
           | s__s wrote:
           | UBI is nonsensical. Give everyone 5k a month, and everyone is
           | not 5k richer. All you've done is decrease the value of the
           | dollar.
           | 
           | Would love to be proven wrong.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | Your assumption holds in exactly one scenario: One where
             | everybody is currently earning exactly the same amount of
             | money and has the same net worth.
             | 
             | Otherwise, such an UBI would indeed cause substantial
             | redistribution, even after accounting for inflation and
             | prices recalibrating.
        
               | s__s wrote:
               | To clarify. If everyone in the US is given an extra 5k a
               | month do you believe that the price of goods and services
               | remain the same as they are at present?
               | 
               | If my landlord is charging me 2k for rent, does she not
               | increase it knowing I now have an extra 5k of UBI
               | monthly?
               | 
               | Or, if there's a bidding war on a home that might
               | typically sell as high as 300k, does that still hold true
               | now that everyone has an extra 5k, or does the house sell
               | for more?
               | 
               | Will a plumber still charge $30 an hour when he has a
               | guaranteed 5k on top of what he's making? Or will he
               | start to bump his price up to make it worth his while?
               | 
               | I really don't see how prices don't just climb and re-
               | equalize so that we're back at square one. And your
               | response didn't address that concern.
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | Prices would climb, but not "re-equalize." Let's say
               | everything got 2x more expensive. People currently making
               | very little could still afford much more. People
               | currently making a lot could afford less.
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | There's a lot to unpack here, so I hope you don't mind a
               | long and nuanced reply.
               | 
               | UBI on its own is obviously inflationary, like any other
               | government spending. But it can be combined with taxes to
               | reduce the growth in the money supply, as necessary to
               | keep prices stable. Those taxes will tend to be aimed at
               | the wealthy, and will take more than $5k/month away from
               | them, so people bidding for a $300k home might have less
               | purchasing power, not more.
               | 
               | But also, AGI-fueled unemployment is likely very
               | deflationary, and that is the premise of this
               | conversation. Let's talk about your landlord's situation.
               | Sure, your tenant is now getting $5k/month UBI, but
               | they've also lost their job, and so has most of the
               | population. There might not actually be more juice to
               | squeeze out of that lemon than there used to be. Plus,
               | workers won't be bidding up rents in (formerly) high-wage
               | cities for jobs that don't exist anymore. Your unemployed
               | tenant is only staying in town because they like the
               | weather. They could move elsewhere if you charge too much
               | rent; it won't affect their commute.
               | 
               | The effect on prices will really vary a lot by type of
               | good. For things that get effectively automated by AGI
               | (let's say, for example... legal services and
               | architectural drawings), the price may drop precipitously
               | due to increased productivity. For other things
               | (plumbing), the price would go up a lot. It would become
               | quite rewarding to be a plumber.
               | 
               | Lastly, depending on the types of goods demanded, prices
               | can be quite stable. If you give everyone $1k and they
               | use it to buy an iPhone, the price of iPhones might not
               | even go up that much, because it gets cheaper to produce
               | in large quantity. In fact, they may even get cheaper.
               | However, if you give one person $100M and they use it to
               | buy a yacht, you don't get the same efficiency benefits
               | from economies of scale. A more even wealth distribution
               | favors mass production of goods, which keeps prices low.
               | 
               | We don't end up back at square one because:
               | 
               | 1) The goal of UBI isn't to make everyone $5k richer, but
               | to shrink the gap between rich and poor in a world where
               | a few people are very rich from owning capital and many
               | are poor due to a decrease in demand for labor.
               | 
               | 2) We don't end up back at square one because at the end
               | of the day, an unemployed person getting $5k/month has
               | more purchasing power than if they got $0/month, even if
               | prices do increase.
               | 
               | 3) But aggregate prices don't even necessarily have to
               | increase, because of changes to taxes and productivity,
               | and also because of economies of scale.
        
             | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
             | For a _reductio ad absurdum_ that might illustrate where
             | your analysis falls down, consider how someone with net
             | worth of $0 and someone with net worth of $100k would each
             | be differently affected by getting a $5k handout,
             | accompanied by a 10% decrease in the purchasing power of a
             | dollar. The end result is not the same as the status quo.
             | 
             | The intent is not to make _everyone_ richer, but to
             | redistribute wealth in an equalizing direction. (In fact
             | this might also make everyone slightly richer on average in
             | real terms, because of second-order effects related to
             | economies of scale that make it slightly easier to meet the
             | growth in demand when wealth is distributed more evenly).
             | 
             | Of course, the decreasing value of the dollar is an
             | undesired side-effect of any government spending; this is
             | why you counterbalance it with taxes to pull money back out
             | of the system and control price growth. These taxes don't
             | exactly cancel the UBI if they disproportionately fall on
             | the wealthy; this is why I like consumption taxes, which
             | fall more heavily on people who have more money to spend.
        
             | fractaled wrote:
             | 96% of us are already given ~5k a month for 40hr/week of
             | work.
             | 
             | If UBI is just printed, then sure there would be economic
             | problems; but I think the idea is you redistribute it via
             | taxation.
        
             | nick111631 wrote:
             | High interest rates, maybe a wealth tax, ought to do it.
             | Cause deflation while giving UBI.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | Right now you are correct that giving everyone 5k would not
             | produce more stuff so the dollars would devalue.
             | 
             | The idea however is that at the same time as giving
             | everyone 5k, AI workers would produce more than an extra
             | 5k/head of stuff.
             | 
             | As an alternative having the AIs produce all the cars and
             | houses we need but giving all the money to Sam Altman
             | wouldn't make sense as no one would have the money to buy
             | them apart from Sam who couldn't use them all.
        
           | shridharxp wrote:
           | It would be interesting to consider where humans would find
           | fulfillment when what they have done every day for years is
           | rendered worthless.
        
             | lamename wrote:
             | Some would pursue less lucrative passions. Some would
             | spiral into lazy Sunday behavior every day.
        
             | JohnnyMarcone wrote:
             | I like to think about what I did before I had to work.
             | Young me would never worry about finding things to do and
             | none of those things were economically valuable.
        
         | s__s wrote:
         | I firmly believe AI will become heavily taxed and regulated.
         | 
         | It would be foolish to ban it, but equally foolish to allow it
         | to replace a large percentage of your country's workforce. It
         | would completely destabilize the economy and society as a
         | whole.
         | 
         | AI can do a lot of great things for humanity. Putting vast
         | amounts of people out of a job is not one of those things.
         | 
         | There needs to be more smart people talking about and studying
         | what the future realistically looks like.
        
           | bathtub365 wrote:
           | The world's richest man has been empowered by the US
           | government to gleefully lay off thousands of federal workers
           | with no published plan beyond "delete government agencies"
           | and his team is using AI as part of the execution. I'm
           | skeptical that there are people in charge who think about
           | anything other than consolidating their own power and lining
           | their own pockets. I think the only AI taxes that might come
           | into play are those that steer people towards services run by
           | those already in power and disincentivize setting up your own
           | AI infrastructure.
        
             | raghavtoshniwal wrote:
             | The world's richest man got handed this mandate by someone
             | that was elected by millions of US citizens and he
             | explicitly told them he will do this. Enough people in the
             | US want to see this happen.
             | 
             | I don't know if enough people would not agree to highly tax
             | the corporations if they're themselves out of work and need
             | the money to survive.
        
           | tim333 wrote:
           | Taxing and regulating the AI itself wouldn't work very well
           | as competitors abroad or who skirt the regulations would be
           | able to use it. You might be able to require human
           | supervision so rather than AI replacing a programer who was
           | laid off, the human would become the AIs supervisor.
        
         | 01100011 wrote:
         | Plenty of jobs that are decades away from automation. Will a
         | robot climb on your roof to fix your A/C or repair your
         | plumbing soon? Probably not. Now I'm sure some enterprising
         | startup is trying, but seriously, it's not close.
         | 
         | > But muh singularity!
         | 
         | Sure, any day now Optimus will become sentient and replace home
         | builders... or not.
         | 
         | So yeah, probably less lawyers(yay), software techs,
         | accountants, etc. But those dollars will flow to people taking
         | vacations, renovating their homes, eating fancy food, etc. Who
         | knows what the net effect will be in the long term?
        
           | raghavtoshniwal wrote:
           | Forget singularity, do you think the robotics problem is
           | genuinely hard enough that if we devoted significant amount
           | of intelligence to it, it would not get solved?
           | 
           | >any day now Optimus will become sentient and replace home
           | builders.
           | 
           | I think you're kidding about being "sentient" but it feels
           | like they just have to get somewhat good at a very few tasks
           | and we would be able to automate some large swath of manual
           | labour. We don't need that many fancy tricks to get there. A
           | lot of people are already reporting significant speed ups in
           | Bio research, why wouldn't we see that in robotics?
        
         | dottjt wrote:
         | Won't there be more jobs for people maintaining and servicing
         | the data centers? Amongst all the other AI infrastructure?
        
           | bglazer wrote:
           | No, data centers require very minimal staffing. Like a few
           | dozen people to staff a data center serving hundreds of
           | millions of users
        
         | throwaway2037 wrote:
         | "AI will replace many workers" feels eerily similar to the
         | message of the early 2000s in the US: "Tech/Knowledge workers
         | from low cost locations will replace many workers from high
         | cost locations." In truth, the high cost locations continued to
         | grow, side-by-side, with low cost locations. To be clear: I am
         | not speculating on the _why_ , rather only sharing what I see.
        
         | neom wrote:
         | Oh there have been LOADS over the years. The old ones say this
         | is going to happen, the new ones say this is happening, the new
         | new ones say oh btw our measurement systems for labour market
         | and society during this change period are probably not accurate
         | so we need new ones ASAP.
         | 
         | https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/public%...
         | 
         | https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/the-risk-of-automation-...
         | 
         | https://news.mit.edu/2019/work-future-report-technology-jobs...
         | 
         | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.12001
         | 
         | https://institute.global/insights/economic-prosperity/the-im...
         | 
         | https://ipc.mit.edu/research/work-of-the-future/
        
           | kadushka wrote:
           | None of these links provide any guesses about the impact of
           | AGI on unemployment rates. By AGI I mean AI that is as smart
           | and as capable as an intelligent and highly educated human.
           | What will happen when in a few years companies realize that
           | AI systems do a better job than their human employees?
        
             | awb wrote:
             | Probably a similar transition to the Industrial Revolution,
             | but much faster. Laborers had to learn skills that machines
             | weren't better at.
             | 
             | Any work that is information based is probably in for a
             | dramatic shift.
             | 
             | But maybe some areas that are less vulnerable: -
             | Experiences (food, travel, accommodations, events, sports)
             | - Manual labor (carpenters, plumbers, roofers) - Human
             | connection (caregivers, therapists, teachers, coaches) -
             | Public service (government, police, fire, healthcare) -
             | Executives (CEOs, entrepreneurs)
             | 
             | The Industrial Revolution completely changed the world, but
             | there are still many tasks where a human is
             | better/faster/cheaper than a physical machine, so it didn't
             | replace everyone. My guess is that there will be some niche
             | domains where humans are preferred to AGI.
        
               | kadushka wrote:
               | Sure. But transition to new professions will be a lot
               | slower than layoffs. We are likely to face unprecedented
               | unemployment rates for at least several years before
               | people learn new skills, and meanwhile AI keeps improving
               | and automates more and more professions (manual labor,
               | public service, etc). Are you sure new professions will
               | appear faster than old ones disappear?
        
               | awb wrote:
               | You might be right. I don't know if new professions will
               | appear though. My guess is that people will transition to
               | those existing fields that are less likely to be
               | dominated by AGI.
               | 
               | Tech has already disrupted industries like travel
               | agencies, print journalism, video stores, bookstores,
               | stock brokers, movies, etc.
               | 
               | And you can see it coming for truck drivers, cab drivers,
               | narrators and voice actors, etc.
               | 
               | So we've already lived through a taste of it, but this
               | round will be much broader and much faster IMO.
        
             | neom wrote:
             | ALL of these links mention it, maybe you didn't read all
             | the material, the Blair Institute I linked as a whole in
             | depth section just on it, in fact if you cntrl F "unemp"
             | you'll find half the site turns yellow. The whole McKinley
             | report starting at page 7 is about nothing but job market
             | shifts for 10+ pages, and If you look at the OEDC report,
             | you'll find lots of referenced to it, AND the ability to
             | find further research (Mokyr et al., 2015).
        
               | kadushka wrote:
               | I searched for AGI and I didn't find it, perhaps I missed
               | it? Could you please point me to _any_ discussion of the
               | impact of AGI on unemployment rate?
        
               | neom wrote:
               | You're right, I am incorrect I didn't account for your
               | nuance. My bad.
               | 
               | I'll try to dig it up later but that was what I'd been
               | reading on the final part of my comment, I'l try to find
               | the report because it was good (I'll reply to my this
               | comment later tonight if I find it) - but the reports
               | I've read that kinda allude to that is more messaged as
               | "AI automation is deeper than we expect" (I don't know
               | these labour market economists are using the term AGI) -
               | and the most recent recent stuff (late 2024) is basically
               | saying our measurement criteria is wrong so we don't know
               | what is going to happen at all too bad so sad.
               | 
               | Telephone operators is the one most people go to because
               | it happened quickly and it was a lot of people, but there
               | was also a lot of manual work generally available back
               | then.
        
               | kadushka wrote:
               | The report from Tony Blair institute is pretty good,
               | unfortunately they write:
               | 
               |  _AI capabilities, however, are fast evolving. The next
               | wave is expected to be "strong" or "general" AI (AGI).
               | AGI applications will exhibit more autonomy, be able to
               | adapt to different contexts and not be limited to
               | specific tasks - similar to human capability. Beyond
               | this, AI systems smarter than any individual human
               | ("artificial super intelligence") and systems smarter
               | than all humans ("the singularity") are possible further
               | in the future.
               | 
               | For the purposes of this project, we exclude these more
               | advanced versions of AI because their disruptive
               | potential is so great and they are still thought to be
               | some decades away._
               | 
               | Anthropic released some related economical analysis
               | today: https://www.anthropic.com/news/the-anthropic-
               | economic-index - looks interesting.
        
         | vagab0nd wrote:
         | Let's look 100 years ahead. With natural selection/evolution
         | replaced by technology, it's not hard to imagine that the human
         | species can survive with a much smaller population. So mass
         | population decline plus space colonization will probably create
         | a steady equilibrium, where the intrinsic value of a human
         | equals the cost of keeping them alive.
        
       | sealeck wrote:
       | Reading between the lines, I get the feeling that OpenAI may be
       | starting to feel desperate if they feel the need to drive the
       | hype like this.
        
         | iqandjoke wrote:
         | The article is written for journalist (and investor). See the
         | footnote.
        
           | sealeck wrote:
           | Totally. "AGI = $100bn of profit" lol
        
         | raghavtoshniwal wrote:
         | It feels like every major lab is saying the same thing:
         | 
         | https://darioamodei.com/machines-of-loving-grace
         | https://www.wsj.com/video/events/the-race-for-true-ai-at-goo...
         | 
         | Even folks _leaving_ OpenAI, who have no incentive to drive
         | hype, are saying that we're very close to AGI.
         | https://x.com/sjgadler/status/1883928200029602236
         | 
         | Even folks like Yoshua Benjio, Hinton are saying we're close to
         | it. The models keep getting better at an exponential.
         | 
         | How much evidence does one need to dispel the "this is
         | OpenAI/sama hype" argument?
        
           | caseyy wrote:
           | > How much evidence does one need to dispel the "this is
           | OpenAI/sama hype" argument?
           | 
           | For AGI hype, we need exactly one piece of evidence that
           | machine AGI exists, or that we know how to build it.
           | Otherwise, it's an exaggeration that AGI is imminent -
           | otherwise known as hype. Or maybe it's hope, but sama
           | suggests it should be an expectation.
        
           | sealeck wrote:
           | These are all people running AI labs! They want investment,
           | and what better way to get investment than to tell people
           | you're going to create Terminator? The people leaving OpenAI
           | are joining other labs - their livelihoods depend on AI
           | companies receiving investment: "it is difficult to get a man
           | to understand something, when his salary depends on his not
           | understanding it".
           | 
           | > The models keep getting better at an exponential [sic].
           | 
           | We don't know if this is true. A lot of growth that appears
           | exponential is often quadratic
           | (https://longform.asmartbear.com/exponential-growth/) or
           | follows a logistic function (e.g. Moore's law).
           | 
           | Additionally there's a LOT of benchmark gaming going on, and
           | a lot of the benchmark solving is not down to having a
           | process that actually solves the problems; it just turns out
           | that the problems already kind of lie in the span of text on
           | the internet.
        
             | raghavtoshniwal wrote:
             | I feel insane cognitive dissonance when I read a comment
             | like this. I know/hope what you're saying is in good faith
             | and you aren't trolling. Yet my own experience on how good
             | these models have become and how rapidly they're improving
             | makes me feel like we're talking about 2 completely
             | different things.
             | 
             | Screw the benchmarks, it feels insane how much utility
             | these models already provide in my life and that they keep
             | getting better. I guess all my problems are simple and and
             | "lie in the span of text on the internet", but they're
             | still extremely valuable to me.
        
               | sealeck wrote:
               | People are capable of having really deep conversations
               | with ELIZA (program which just asked questions about
               | things you said). I think there's a kind of "ooh it's
               | language it must be clever" which I think is mistaking
               | the symptom for the effect.
               | 
               | I'm not denying that the large language models may have
               | some (marginal) utility, I'm saying that they're not
               | going to magically turn into Skynet, no matter how much
               | people dream.
               | 
               | I suspect they are not going to have as many applications
               | as people claim: we are a few years in now and we see
               | that the applications are trailing WAY behind the huge
               | level of investment into building datacenter
               | infrastructure. There's some good stuff in FT AlphaVille
               | about this.
        
               | aerhardt wrote:
               | I like AI, and I use it every day. I'm not a software
               | dev, but I do write software professionally, and I also
               | use AI for designing and architecting solutions. I feel
               | the technology is eminently useful, and it's made me
               | maybe 20-30% more productive, which is massive. I can
               | reconcile all this without believing a lot of the hype
               | and outlandish claims, and without feeling it's a
               | cognitive disonance.
        
           | PollardsRho wrote:
           | > The models keep getting better at an exponential.
           | 
           | Isn't it the opposite? Marginal improvements require
           | exponentially more investment, if we believe Altman. AI is
           | expanding into different areas, and lots of improvements have
           | been made in less saturated fields, but performance on older
           | benchmarks has plateaued, especially relative to compute
           | costs.
           | 
           | Even if you focus on areas where growth is rapid, the history
           | of technology shows many, many examples of rapid growth
           | hitting different bottlenecks and stopping. Futurists have
           | predicted common flying cars for decades and decades, but
           | it'll be a long, long time before helicopters are how people
           | commute to work. There are fundamental physical limitations
           | to the concept that technological advancement does not
           | trivialize.
           | 
           | Maybe the problems facing potential AGI have relatively
           | straightforward technological solutions. Maybe, like neural
           | networks already have shown, it will take decades of hardware
           | advancements before advancements conceived of today can see
           | practice. Maybe replicating human-level intelligence requires
           | hardware much closer to the scale of the human brain than
           | we're capable of making right now, with a hundred trillion
           | individual synapses each more complex than any neuron in an
           | artificial neural network.
        
             | 93po wrote:
             | Sam plainly wrote that intelligence of the log of training
             | resources, but that's presumably written in the context of
             | GPT4 style LLMs. The intelligence gains we're seeing right
             | now are not a result of a 100x increase in traditional
             | training resources but rather new ways of training and
             | agentic processes.
        
       | abc-1 wrote:
       | I refuse to listen to anyone who has done nothing in life but
       | maximize their wealth and power, play corporate political games,
       | and grift investors for all they're worth. Shame the actual
       | innovators don't blog much, usually because they're too busy
       | doing the actual work.
        
       | azinman2 wrote:
       | > the economic growth in front of us looks astonishing, and we
       | can now imagine a world where we cure all diseases, have much
       | more time to enjoy with our families, and can fully realize our
       | creative potential.
       | 
       | I think this is extremely myopic to assume things like "have much
       | more time to enjoy with our families" unless that time is because
       | you're unemployed. Every major technology over the past couple
       | hundred years has been paired with such promises, and it's never
       | materialized. Only through unions did we get 8h days and
       | weekends. Electricity, factory farming, etc has not made me work
       | any less, even if I do different things than I would have 200
       | years ago.
       | 
       | I think it's also odd to assume the only things preventing curing
       | all disease is the lack of intelligence and scale. There are so
       | many more factors that go into this, and into an already
       | competitive landscape (biology) which is constantly evolving and
       | changing. With every new technique innovated (eg CRISPR) and
       | every new discovery (eg immunotherapy) proven, the directions of
       | what's possible changes. If AGI is thru LLMs as we know it (color
       | me skeptical), they do not have the ability to absorb such new
       | possibilities and change on a dime.
       | 
       | I could go on and on but this is just a random comment on the
       | internet. I understand the original post is meant to achieve
       | certain goals at a specific word length, but not diving into all
       | of to see possibilities (including failure modes in his
       | extraordinarily optimistic assumptions) is quite irresponsible if
       | he is truly meant to be a leader for a bold new future.
        
         | twright wrote:
         | The line you quoted caught my eye too and confused why it was
         | in there without an explicit or implicit mention of "in ten
         | years we'll be so productive we'll have 3-day work weeks".
         | 
         | I think you make a great point about LLM's being able to absorb
         | new possibilities. I like to cite the invention of the MRI
         | machine as an incredible innovation that took three independent
         | discoveries over forty years to realize, not to mention
         | commercialize. Maybe if (big if) when AGI comes it will be able
         | to spit out dozens of inventions that are some culmination of
         | similarly independent discoveries but I'm not going to hold my
         | breath. We have to remember they are just extremely good
         | regurgitation machines which, in my experience, why I've found
         | they're nearly useless in niche programming tasks.
        
       | dimgl wrote:
       | I'm not sure anyone is convinced this will empower individuals.
       | On the contrary: if we get this tech "right" enough, the
       | inequality gap will become an inequality chasm... There is no
       | financial incentive to pay humans when a machine is a fraction of
       | the cost.
        
         | TechDebtDevin wrote:
         | The next fifty years are going to be quite interesting.
        
         | chad_oliver wrote:
         | If each human body needs 0.2 acre of land to grow the food
         | necessary for subsistence, what happens when the price of
         | intelligence keeps dropping and one person's intelligence (even
         | when directed towards the highest-value use!) is not enough to
         | afford the use of that land? In other words, what happens when
         | humans are no longer economically viable?
         | 
         | Jevon's Paradox means that the demand for intelligence will
         | keep rising as the cost drops, so I can't help but expect a
         | steady increase in the economic value of land _when used for
         | AI_. It'll take a long time before it exceeds the economic
         | value of land when used for human subsistence, but the growth
         | curves are not pointing in encouraging directions.
        
           | jpadkins wrote:
           | AGI / human overlords that cater to AGI won't need earth
           | resources for more than a few decades. There will be a
           | bootstrapping period, reliant on earth resources but soon it
           | will be much cleaner to have solar/nuclear in space and have
           | robotic mining of raw resources from asteroids.
        
       | smokel wrote:
       | _> The cost to use a given level of AI falls about 10x every 12
       | months, and lower prices lead to much more use. ... Moore's law
       | changed the world at 2x every 18 months; this is unbelievably
       | stronger._
       | 
       | Moore waited at least five years [1] before deriving his law. On
       | top of that, I don't think that it makes much sense to compare
       | commercial pricing schemes to technical advancements.
       | 
       | [1] http://cva.stanford.edu/classes/cs99s/papers/moore-
       | crammingm...
        
         | bibanez wrote:
         | The "10x every 12 months" is pure salesman from sama. An
         | engineer wouldn't do these extrapolations from little data in
         | good faith.
        
           | signatoremo wrote:
           | He is talking about cost. Are you saying price didn't go down
           | 10 times the last 12 months? How much data is too little?
        
             | NewJazz wrote:
             | 1 year of data is indeed too little if you are trying to
             | forecast one year ahead. Also the pricing is set by OpenAI.
             | We don't know their actual costs decreased by that factor.
             | Only that they cut their prices.
        
               | sanxiyn wrote:
               | We don't know OpenAI's actual cost, but presumably Sam
               | does know.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | I'm sure he does, but why would he ever tell the truth
               | about it except by coincidence?
        
             | bfdm wrote:
             | The retail price, or the actual cost to deliver? Those are
             | not the same thing. Cost to deliver could actually mean
             | something. Retail pricing is approximately meaningless.
        
               | sanxiyn wrote:
               | In context, retail pricing is very meaningful. The next
               | sentence is "lower prices lead to much more use". That
               | is, price elasticity of demand is large, and here price
               | is retail price.
        
             | 42lux wrote:
             | Compute costs are pretty much the same for high vram cards?
        
             | benterix wrote:
             | I know this is subjective but he is comparing GPT-4 to 4o.
             | The new model definitely felt lighter and faster, so
             | probably cheaper for them to maintain, but at the same time
             | very often gave worse answers than GPT-4.
        
         | wwwtyro wrote:
         | > Moore waited at least five years [1] before deriving his law.
         | 
         | OpenAI has been around since 2015. Even if we give them four
         | years to ramp up, that's still five years worth of data. If
         | you're referring to the example he gave of token cost, that
         | could just be him pulling two points off his data set to serve
         | as an example. I don't know that's the case, of course, but I
         | don't see anything in his text that contradicts the point.
         | 
         | > I don't think that it makes much sense to compare commercial
         | pricing schemes to technical advancements.
         | 
         | How about Kurzweil's plot [1]?
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://scx2.b-cdn.net/gfx/news/hires/2011/kurzweilfig.1.jpg
        
           | tim333 wrote:
           | That Kurzweil plot is a bit ancient, up to 1998 or something
           | 
           | There's a better one that goes to 2023 https://www.bvp.com/as
           | sets/uploads/2024/03/Price_Computation...
           | 
           | The rate of progress is more like the Moore's law 18 month
           | doubling. That's compute per dollar rather than Moore's
           | transistor density.
           | 
           | I think 10x per year is a bit questionable - it's way out of
           | line with the Kurzweil trend.
        
             | LegionMammal978 wrote:
             | Yeah, price performance definitely seems to be the more
             | important metric here. Anyone can get more compute by
             | building a bigger and more expensive chip, but per-dollar
             | metrics can't be gamed so easily. Though even in that plot,
             | it's only doubled every ~2.3 years since 2008.
             | 
             | (I'd be especially interested in amortized price
             | performance, i.e., the number of useful computations from a
             | system over its lifetime, divided by the total cost to
             | build, maintain, and operate it. That's going to be the
             | ultimate constraint on what you can do with a given amount
             | of funding.)
        
         | avs733 wrote:
         | Yeah that was my first thought, don't sully the name of Gordon
         | Moore with this.
         | 
         | This sounds more like an insight into how things are working at
         | open ai than anything else. And I'm not sure if deep seek and
         | others are going to follow his nice rules.
         | 
         | More generally, transistors are a technical phenomenon...they
         | are either smaller (and work) or don't. The thing I really
         | don't feel enough folks appreciate about AGI is it's a social
         | phenomenon - not in the making of it but in the pragmatic
         | reality of it.
         | 
         | To a sufficient number of folks the current version is AGI, I
         | see students every day trust it more than themselves. To bosses
         | it also might be, if it's more intelligent than you average
         | employee than that's sufficiently general intelligence to
         | replace them. So far, I've really tried but don't beyond
         | generating the most basic outline I have yet to find a model
         | that helps with my work, so it's not intelligent for me.
         | 
         | I'm aware of the benchmarks but they don't matter outside of
         | places like HN. intelligence is and, likely, will always be
         | social before it is technical and that makes these laws..not
         | useful?
        
       | Eliezer wrote:
       | I wonder who wrote this? Doesn't sound like Altman's voice.
       | 
       | I wonder who theorized this? Altman isn't known for having models
       | about AGI.
       | 
       | To the actual theorist: Claiming in one paragraph that AI goes as
       | log resources, and in the next paragraph that the resource costs
       | drop by 10x per year, is a contradiction; the latter paragraph
       | shows a dependence on algorithms that is nothing like "it's just
       | the compute silly".
        
         | Centigonal wrote:
         | > Altman isn't known for having models about AGI.
         | 
         | His blog posts about AGI predate OpenAI.
         | 
         | https://blog.samaltman.com/machine-intelligence-part-1
         | 
         | https://blog.samaltman.com/machine-intelligence-part-2
        
           | Eliezer wrote:
           | Hadn't seen that before, and despite being bog-standard
           | Bostrom it's still more of an attempt to hold a theory than
           | I'd seen associated with him before. Note nonoverlap of
           | writing style and theory with the present post.
        
       | cratermoon wrote:
       | Relevant:
       | https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2024/10/sam-a...
        
       | msp26 wrote:
       | > one of our reasons for launching products early and often is to
       | give society and the technology time to co-evolve
       | 
       | Is this really true? O3 (not mini) is still being held for
       | ""safety testing"", and Sora was announced so far before release.
        
       | dbuser99 wrote:
       | AI has to be the solution to everything to justify the kind of
       | investments going into it right now.
       | 
       | Sam's a savvy businessman so he obviously understands that and
       | goes few steps further. He promises exponential returns and
       | addresses any regulatory and societal concerns. This piece is
       | strategically crafted, not for us, but for investors.
        
       | aithrowawaycomm wrote:
       | > *By using the term AGI here, we aim to communicate clearly, and
       | we do not intend to alter or interpret the definitions and
       | processes that define our relationship with Microsoft. We fully
       | expect to be partnered with Microsoft for the long term. This
       | footnote seems silly, but on the other hand we know some
       | journalists will try to get clicks by writing something silly so
       | here we are pre-empting the silliness...
       | 
       | OpenAI and Microsoft signed a profoundly silly contract with
       | vague terms about AGI! It's petty to snipe about journalists
       | asking silly questions: they are responding to the fact that Sam
       | Altman and Satya Nadella are not serious people, despite all
       | their money and power.
        
       | credit_guy wrote:
       | Trying to regulate AI so that it is used predominantly for good
       | and not for evil is as futile as trying to regulate steam in the
       | early 19th century to be used for good and not for evil. It
       | turned out steam was mainly used for good, but nothing could stop
       | the navies of the great powers build steam powered battleships.
       | 
       | Nothing will stop the Chinese CCP to direct AI towards more state
       | surveillance. Or any number of actors to use AI to create
       | extremely lethal swarms of drones.
        
       | chvid wrote:
       | "The intelligence of an AI model roughly equals the log of the
       | resources used to train and run it. These resources are chiefly
       | training compute, data, and inference compute."
       | 
       | Hasn't the latest big improvements in LLMs been due to change in
       | approach/algorithm? Reasoning models and augmenting LLMs with
       | external tools and internet access (agents and deep research).
       | 
       | As far I can tell classical pure LLMs are only improving modestly
       | at this point.
        
       | ineptech wrote:
       | > AI will seep into all areas of the economy and society; we will
       | expect everything to be smart.
       | 
       | I fear this is correct, but with "smart" in the sense of smart
       | TVs. In economic terms, TVs are amazing compared to just a few
       | years ago - more pixels, much cheaper, more functionality - but
       | in practice they spy on you and take ten seconds to turn on and
       | show unskippable ads. This is purely a social (legal, economic,
       | etc) problem as opposed to a technical one, and its solution (if
       | we ever find one) would be likewise. So it's frightening to see
       | someone with as much power over the outcome say something like
       | this:
       | 
       | > In particular, it does seem like the balance of power between
       | capital and labor could easily get messed up, and this may
       | require early intervention. We are open to strange-sounding ideas
       | like giving some "compute budget" to enable everyone on Earth to
       | use a lot of AI, but we can also see a lot of ways where just
       | relentlessly driving the cost of intelligence as low as possible
       | has the desired effect.
       | 
       | When capital has control of an industry, but voluntarily gives
       | little pieces of it out to labor so that they can "share" the
       | profit, I think we all know how that turns out. It does seem
       | possible that AGI really will get built and really will seep into
       | everything and really will create a ton of economic value. But
       | getting from there to the part where it improves everyone's lives
       | is a social problem, akin to the problem of smart TVs, and I
       | can't imagine a worse plan to solve that problem than leaving it
       | up to the capitalist that owns the AGIs.
        
       | TheAceOfHearts wrote:
       | > The socioeconomic value of linearly increasing intelligence is
       | super-exponential in nature.
       | 
       | I'm still stuck thinking about this point. I don't know that it's
       | obviously true. Maybe a more bounded claim would make more sense,
       | something like: increasing intelligence in the short-term has big
       | compounding effects. But there's also a cap as society and
       | infrastructure has to adapt. And I don't know how this plays out
       | within an adversarial system where people might be competing for
       | scarce resources like human attention.
       | 
       | Taken to the extreme, one could imagine a fantasy/scifi scenario
       | where each person is empowered like a god in their own universe,
       | allowing them to experiment, learn and and create endlessly.
        
         | jp42 wrote:
         | 30 years ago, no one in my native place has seen telephone. Now
         | every single person young and old are connected to the
         | internet, conduct banking and other transaction via phone and
         | many many other things.
         | 
         | Many unimaginable things happened in last 30 year from vantage
         | point of my native place. Assuming same level of of
         | transformation for next 30 year it will be still massive
         | progress. Given current tech and AI, the rate of progress for
         | next 30 years will be far greater than last 30. So I am
         | believer in AI and tech in general will make massive progress
         | in next decade
        
       | abetusk wrote:
       | > 1. The intelligence of an AI model roughly equals the log of
       | the resources used to train and run it.
       | 
       | > 2. The cost to use a given level of AI falls about 10x every 12
       | months, and lower prices lead to much more use.
       | 
       | > 3. The socioeconomic value of linearly increasing intelligence
       | is super-exponential in nature.
       | 
       | My own editorial:
       | 
       | Point 1 is pretty interesting as if P != NP then this is
       | essentially "we can't do better than random search". So, in order
       | to find progressively better solutions as we increase the
       | (linear) input, we need exponentially more resources to find the
       | answer. While I believe P != NP it's interesting to see this play
       | out in the context of learning and AI.
       | 
       | Point 2 is semi well-known. I'm having trouble finding it but
       | there was an article a while back talking about algorithmic
       | efficiencies to the DFT (or DCT?) were outpacing efficiencies
       | that could be just attributed to Moore's law. Meaning the DFT was
       | improving a few orders of magnitude faster than just Moore's law
       | would imply. I assume this is essentially a Wright's law but for
       | attention, in some sense, where more attention to problems leads
       | to better optimizations that dovetail with Moore's law.
       | 
       | Point 3 seems like it's almost a corollary, at least in the short
       | term. If intelligence is capturing the exponential search and it
       | can be re-used to find further efficiency, as in point 2, you get
       | super-exponential growth. I think Kurzweil mentioned something
       | about this as well.
       | 
       | I haven't read the whole article but this jumped out at me:
       | 
       | > Our mission is to ensure that AGI (Artificial General
       | Intelligence) benefits all of humanity.
       | 
       | A bald faced lie. Their mission is to capture value from
       | developing AGI. Any benefit to humanity is incidental.
        
       | Foofoobar12345 wrote:
       | So much negativity all the time. The fact remains that AI models
       | are out in the public domain. If you're unable to see how that
       | can improve the lives of an average person, that's a failure of
       | imagination.
       | 
       | Don't let megacorps dominance prevent individual action. The best
       | way to be hopeful is to effect change in your immediate
       | surroundings. Teach people how to leverage AI, then they won't be
       | hold hostage to the tyranny of the beauraucrats - doctors,
       | lawyers, accountants, politicians, software engineers, project
       | managers, bankers, investment advisors etc.
       | 
       | Yes, AI makes mistakes .. so what? Humans do too.
       | 
       | Credit where credit is due - Sam may be no saint, but OpenAI
       | deserves credit for launching this revolution. Directly or
       | indirectly that led to the release of open models. Would the
       | results have been the same without Sam? Nobody knows, not a point
       | worth anybody's time debating.
       | 
       | Given most of us here are software engineers, it's natural to
       | feel threatened, there will be those of us whose skills will be
       | made obsolete. And some of us will make the jump to the land of
       | ideas, and these tools will empower us to build solutions that
       | previously required large companies to build. Perhaps that might
       | mean that we focus less on monetary rewards instead of change, as
       | it becomes ever so easy to effect that change.
       | 
       | To those whose skills will be made obsolete - you have a choice
       | on whether you want to let that happen. Some amount of fear is
       | healthy - keeps our mind alert and allows us to grow.
       | 
       | There will be a growing pain, as our species evolves. We'll have
       | to navigate that with empathy.
       | 
       | Change starts from you. You are more powerful than you can
       | imagine, at any given point.
        
       | thrance wrote:
       | > In particular, it does seem like the balance of power between
       | capital and labor could easily get messed up, and this may
       | require early intervention.
       | 
       | Marxist analysis from Sam Altman?
       | 
       | > We are open to strange-sounding ideas like giving some "compute
       | budget" to enable everyone on Earth to use a lot of AI, but we
       | can also see a lot of ways where just relentlessly driving the
       | cost of intelligence as low as possible has the desired effect.
       | 
       | I can't imagine a world in which billionaires (trillionaires?)
       | would happily share their wealth to people whose work they don't
       | need anymore. Honestly, I have more faith in a rogue ASI taking
       | over the world to install a fair post-scarcity society than on
       | current politicians and tech-oligarchs to give up a single cent
       | to the masses.
        
       | dustingetz wrote:
       | each subsequent post is worse than the one before who is the
       | audience for this drivel
        
       | yapyap wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | blah2244 wrote:
       | > AGI is a weakly defined term, but generally speaking we mean it
       | to be a system that can tackle increasingly complex problems, at
       | human level, in many fields.
       | 
       | Is it just me, or is that an incredibly weak/vague definition for
       | AGI? Feels like you could make the claim that AI is at this level
       | already if you stretch the terms he used enough.
        
         | wat10000 wrote:
         | It's funny, there used to be a pretty solid definition of AGI:
         | a system that can pass the Turing Test. Then we got there, and
         | it turned out that passing the Turing Test is actually pretty
         | specialized and doesn't mean the system is as smart as a human
         | in all aspects.
        
       | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
       | >Ensuring that the benefits of AGI are broadly distributed is
       | critical. The historical impact of technological progress
       | suggests that most of the metrics we care about (health outcomes,
       | economic prosperity, etc.) get better on average and over the
       | long-term, but increasing equality does not seem technologically
       | determined and getting this right may require new ideas.
       | 
       | I don't see why we should trust OpenAI's promises now, when
       | they've broken promises in the past.
       | 
       | See the "OpenAI has a history of broken promises" section of this
       | webpage: https://www.safetyabandoned.org/
       | 
       | In my view, state AGs should not allow them to complete their
       | transition to a for-profit.
        
         | noch wrote:
         | > I don't see why we should trust OpenAI's promises now, when
         | they've broken promises in the past.
         | 
         | I don't see what "our" trust has to do with anything. Perhaps
         | you're an investor in OpenAI and your trust matters to OpenAI
         | and its plans? But for the rest of us, our trust doesn't
         | matter. It would be like me saying, "I don't see why we should
         | trust Saudi Aramco."
        
           | h0l0cube wrote:
           | > It would be like me saying, "I don't see why we should
           | trust Saudi Aramco."
           | 
           | It's completely fair response to say that if the CEO of Saudi
           | Aramco performatively pens an article on how to mitigate the
           | effects of global warming, while also profiting from it, and
           | engaging in no tangible actions to fix the problem.
        
             | noch wrote:
             | > It's completely fair response
             | 
             | My question, rephrased, is "so what"? What is my or our
             | trust worth? What does us claiming we no longer trust Saudi
             | Aramco achieve unless we are investors or perhaps other
             | significant stakeholders?
        
               | mrbungie wrote:
               | Ask Musk how Tesla sales in EU are doing once enough
               | people started distrusting him directly as a person.
               | 
               | Economic votes are based partly on trust, and with enough
               | swinging in the distrust direction, it would have a
               | direct repercution on OAI financials.
        
               | noch wrote:
               | > Ask Musk how Tesla sales in EU are doing once enough
               | people started distrusting him directly as a person.
               | 
               | Have you looked at $TSLA recently?
        
               | h0l0cube wrote:
               | > "so what"?
               | 
               | I totally understand your disenchantment, but if you feel
               | that the mere opinions of the plebs are inconsequential^
               | and hence pointless, why participate in a public forum at
               | all?
               | 
               | ^Demonstrably not true if you look at the history of
               | popular movements that garnered real and durable change,
               | all which gathered momentum from the disgruntled
               | mumblings of the plebs
        
               | noch wrote:
               | > but if you feel that the mere opinions of the plebs are
               | inconsequential^ and hence pointless, why participate in
               | a public forum at all?
               | 
               | That gets to the heart of the matter, actually.
               | Personally I participate in order to get new information
               | and learn new ideas. But yeah, being human and flawed, I
               | do end up giving opinions and I notice most people just
               | want to talk about opinions.
               | 
               | But I digress. My question was specifically about the
               | value of saying "I don't trust OpenAI".
        
           | NewJazz wrote:
           | Nonprofits make a social contract, purporting to operate for
           | the public good, not profit.
           | 
           | Trust that their operations are indeed benefiting the public
           | and they are acting truthfully is important for making that
           | social contract work.
           | 
           | Shady companies doing shady things and keeping shady records
           | doesn't incentivize any type of market participants --
           | investors, consumers, philanthropists.
        
             | noch wrote:
             | > Nonprofits make a social contract, purporting to operate
             | for the public good, not profit.
             | 
             | This is obvious (though I disagree that there is a social
             | contract, and if there is, it's worth the paper it's
             | printed on) and everybody is aware what a nonprofit is. But
             | your reply still doesn't answer my question. Another way of
             | asking it is: how many other non-profits have you audited
             | for trustworthiness before this conversation? What was the
             | impact of your audit?
             | 
             | Or is saying "we can no longer trust Sam Altman" just us
             | twiddling our thumbs so we can signal our virtue to others
             | or comfort ourselves in our own powerlessness? In less than
             | a decade he'll have an army of humanoid sentient robots and
             | probably be the wealthiest person on the planet, and we'll
             | still be yelling "we can no longer trust him"?
        
               | NewJazz wrote:
               | That you disagree there is a social contract is
               | unsurprising. You strike me as the type to be unaware of
               | social norms.
               | 
               | I've evaluated the veracity and sincerity of many
               | nonprofits and for profit corporations alike.
               | 
               | I have no idea what you're on about regarding sentient
               | robots.
        
               | noch wrote:
               | > You strike me as the type to be unaware of social norms
               | 
               | You have a weird way of talking to strangers. But, you
               | know what they say about assumptions.
        
         | NewJazz wrote:
         | On what grounds could state AGs stop the move?
        
       | pton_xd wrote:
       | We can't even simulate a C. elegans worm with 1k cells and 302
       | neurons. But, sure, a few more GPUs and we'll have AGI!
        
         | drdeca wrote:
         | This seems to be assuming that AGI would be similarly difficult
         | to full brain emulation? This doesn't seem obviously true.
        
           | almostgotcaught wrote:
           | > This doesn't seem obviously true.
           | 
           | Is this kind of "casting doubt" some kind of cheat code that
           | suspends all disbelief?
           | 
           | Anyway, yes it does seem absolutely obviously true that if
           | you want to reproduce intelligence you must (at least at
           | first) simulate it.
        
             | ckw wrote:
             | Reasoning models are more intelligent than C. elegans.
        
             | drdeca wrote:
             | It is easier to make a flying machine than it is to make a
             | machine that flies by the exact principles that birds use
             | to fly (with flapping wings and such).
             | 
             | Do you have an argument for why general intelligence
             | couldn't be like flight in this way? You just said that it
             | is obvious. I do not share this intuition. Could you give
             | an explanation for why you expect it to be unlike flight in
             | this respect?
        
               | almostgotcaught wrote:
               | > It is easier to make a flying machine than it is to
               | make a machine that flies by the exact principles that
               | birds use to fly
               | 
               | do you think that "flying machines" aren't simulated
               | before manufacturing?
        
               | drdeca wrote:
               | I believe airplanes were made before the first good
               | simulations of bird flight.
        
               | almostgotcaught wrote:
               | yes and they only flew ~100 feet
               | 
               | https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-
               | objects/1903-wright-fl...
        
             | comp_throw7 wrote:
             | This claim is already falsified by existing AI
             | capabilities, which neither required simulating how humans
             | solve similar problems, nor required understanding how to
             | hand-code the relevant algorithms (and indeed we don't even
             | have the interpretability tools to know what those
             | algorithms are yet!).
        
         | choilive wrote:
         | Biological neurons != artificial neurons. You don't need to
         | simulate biology to simulate intelligence. In the same way you
         | don't need to flap wings to fly, or muscle fibers to move
         | around.
        
       | vivzkestrel wrote:
       | the day your neural network has 1 quintillion connections between
       | each other wake me up because that is when we are getting
       | anywhere close to AGI, billions and trillions are rookie numbers
        
         | moralestapia wrote:
         | >one quintillion connections
         | 
         | What a load of nonsense.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | _2. The cost to use a given level of AI falls about 10x every 12
       | months, and lower prices lead to much more use. You can see this
       | in the token cost from GPT-4 in early 2023 to GPT-4o in mid-2024,
       | where the price per token dropped about 150x in that time period.
       | Moore's law changed the world at 2x every 18 months; this is
       | unbelievably stronger._
       | 
       |  _3. The socioeconomic value of linearly increasing intelligence
       | is super-exponential in nature. A consequence of this is that we
       | see no reason for exponentially increasing investment to stop in
       | the near future._
       | 
       | First, if the cost is coming down so fast, why the need for
       | "exponentially increasing investment"? One could make the same
       | exponential growth claim for, say, the electric power industry,
       | which had a growth period around a century ago and eventually
       | stabilized near 5% of GDP. The "tech sector" in total is around
       | 9% of US GDP, and relatively stable.
       | 
       | Second, only about half the people with college degrees in the US
       | have jobs that need college degrees. The demand for educated
       | people is finite, as is painfully obvious to those paying off
       | college loans.
       | 
       | This screed comes across as a desperate attempt to justify
       | OpenAI's bloated valuation.
        
         | choilive wrote:
         | The costs are coming down fast because of the investment and
         | would not happen independently of the investment. The same
         | reason for Moore's law can be generalized as the
         | learning/experience curve. You could make the argument that the
         | demand for AI has a higher growth rate than the learning rate
         | ex. if AI becomes 10x more cost efficient and results in demand
         | growing 100x, you would also need to follow with an exponential
         | growth in inference investment.
        
         | jb_rad wrote:
         | First, it requires exponential investment because
         | 
         | > 1. The intelligence of an AI model roughly equals the log of
         | the resources used to train and run it.
         | 
         | Incremental improvements in intelligence require exponentially
         | more resources. Only once that step is achieved can costs be
         | reduced.
         | 
         | Second, intelligence is not the same as education. Education is
         | specialized, intelligence is general. Every modern convenience
         | around you is the result of intelligence.
        
           | esperent wrote:
           | > The intelligence of an AI model roughly equals the log of
           | the resources used to train and run it.
           | 
           | Didn't Deepseek disprove this? They trained a roughly equal
           | model on an order of magnitude less compute.
        
             | Lerc wrote:
             | No, advances in efficiency were always expected (and indeed
             | required because of this 'law')
             | 
             | The principle is that if DeepSeek had have spent 10 or 100
             | times as much as they did their model would have been a few
             | times better.
             | 
             | This rule is intended to be applied on top of all of the
             | other advances.
        
               | mvdtnz wrote:
               | > The principle is that if DeepSeek had have spent 10 or
               | 100 times as much as they did their model would have been
               | a few times better.
               | 
               | If this is the case then OpenAI must have a model that is
               | a few times better. Where is it?
        
         | choilive wrote:
         | You could also make an argument that the bulk of college
         | degrees are not economically useful. The demand for certain
         | kinds of education and knowledge is certainly finite - but the
         | demand ceiling for general intelligence seems much much higher,
         | and appears to be limited only by the cost of hiring ever
         | smarter people.
        
         | panarky wrote:
         | "cost to use" != "cost to train"
         | 
         | Elsewhere he says that model intelligence is determined by the
         | log of the resources used to train it, and this relationship
         | has been constant for many orders of magnitude.
         | 
         | The implication is that it takes exponentially increasing
         | investment to achieve a linear increase in intelligence.
         | 
         | Exponentially increasing costs sound like a bad thing.
         | 
         | But then he says the linear increase in intelligence generates
         | exponentially increasing economic benefits.
         | 
         | Those exponentially increasing benefits sounds like they might
         | justify the exponentially increasing costs.
        
           | frotaur wrote:
           | Ok, but according to this, linear investments generate linear
           | increase in economic benefits.
           | 
           | So why the need to go exponential?
        
             | panarky wrote:
             | Because increasing investments and profits linearly would
             | mean sub-linear growth in intelligence.
             | 
             | Since Sam's only shot at immortality is reaching ASI in the
             | next few years, sub-linear isn't fast enough.
             | 
             | The purpose of ASI isn't to generate economic benefits for
             | everyone else.
             | 
             | The purpose of everyone else's economic benefits is to
             | generate the ASI so Sam can live forever.
        
           | mvdtnz wrote:
           | > Elsewhere he says that model intelligence is determined by
           | the log of the resources used to train it, and this
           | relationship has been constant for many orders of magnitude.
           | 
           | If this relationship is constant then you must have a way to
           | quantify "intelligence" in such a way that it can be compared
           | like this. Care to share it?
        
       | xbar wrote:
       | Only two of those are observations.
        
       | pplonski86 wrote:
       | > Still, imagine it as a real-but-relatively-junior virtual
       | coworker. Now imagine 1,000 of them. Or 1 million of them. Now
       | imagine such agents in every field of knowledge work.
       | 
       | I really don't want a future in which I had to supervise 1
       | million of real-but-relatively-junior virtual coworkers. I would
       | prefer 1 senior over 1 million juniors. I'm in the programming
       | industry and I don't think that coding might be scaled.
        
       | tunesmith wrote:
       | We've just gotten through a big second generation of available
       | models, but at least for the projects I'm on, I still feel just
       | as far away as ever as being able to trust responses. I spent a
       | few hours this weekend working on a side project that involved
       | setting up a graphql server with a few basic query resolvers and
       | field resolvers, and my experience with 4o, R1, o3-mini-high were
       | all akin to arguing with too-confident junior engineers that were
       | confused, without realizing it, about what they thought they
       | knew. And this was basic stuff about simple graphql resolvers. I
       | did have my first experience of o3-mini-high (finally, after much
       | arguing) being able to answer something that R1 couldn't, though.
       | 
       | It's weird, because it's still _wildly useful_ and my ideas for
       | side projects are definitely more expansive than they used to be.
       | And yet, I 'm really far from having any fear of replacement.
       | Almost none of the answers I'm getting are truly nailing the
       | experience of teaching me something new, while also having
       | perfect accuracy. (I'm on ChatGPT+, not pro.)
        
         | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
         | Same. I think the tools have gotten a little better with agent
         | mode and all that but it still doesn't get anything even
         | slightly complicated for an API it hasn't seen before. Like it
         | hasn't gotten more intelligent since maybe Gpt 3.5.
         | 
         | I quite like them as somebody who has a huge problem with onset
         | procrastination. I immediately ask them to write something and
         | criticize them and write it myself because whatever it comes up
         | with is so damn stupid.
        
           | cma wrote:
           | Have you tried putting the API in context? Gemini has 2M
           | context, where original 3.5 had like 4K and not great with
           | it.
           | 
           | While some large apis may not fit, not many that it hasn't
           | seen before fit that bill. For updated large APIs you can put
           | in the changelog but more work to gather all the detailed API
           | changes and changed documentation on their own.
        
         | sunpazed wrote:
         | Even though I have a reasonable intuition and understanding of
         | how a LLM works, I am still awe-struck each and every time I
         | use one. The fact that I have a junior developer at my
         | convenience is a huge efficiency gain. I've been able to
         | automate the rudimentary elements and focus my time on the
         | stuff that counts.
        
         | aerhardt wrote:
         | The other day o1 hallucinated on a question of some Salesforce
         | object properties that are clearly laid out in the docs. It
         | took me a while to disentangle it because it was very
         | persuasive. I concur with you though, I still find the tech
         | tremendously useful.
        
       | DrScientist wrote:
       | > we can now imagine a world where we cure all diseases
       | 
       | Sure we can _imagine_ it. However to make it happen, it 's not
       | enough to imagine the end goal, you need to understand and
       | execute every single step.
       | 
       | I suspect his lack of knowledge about what's actually involved
       | allows him to imagine it.
       | 
       | ie I notice he hasn't declared a world free of software bugs and
       | failures ( a much easier task ), before declaring a world free of
       | bugs in human biology.
        
       | belter wrote:
       | > Systems that start to point to AGI* are coming into view
       | 
       | And my coffee machine is plotting the Singularity...Let it be for
       | the record in the future, AGI will be known as A Grand Illusion.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2025-02-10 23:02 UTC)