[HN Gopher] Rwandan scientists develop local yeast for banana wi...
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       Rwandan scientists develop local yeast for banana wine-makers
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 115 points
       Date   : 2025-02-08 19:09 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (phys.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
        
       | bcatanzaro wrote:
       | "The team looked for a fermenting agent that could remain
       | reactive in substances with a temperature of up to 370 degrees
       | Celsius and alcohol of the recommended 16 percent per volume."
       | 
       | My guess is that the reporter forgot a decimal point and meant
       | 37.0 degrees Celsius. Because finding a yeast that actively
       | metabolizes sugar at 370 degrees Celsius might be somewhat
       | challenging.
        
         | aDyslecticCrow wrote:
         | Yiest that could survive in volcanic geysers is a bit
         | terrifying to think about.
        
           | tmoertel wrote:
           | It turns out that the Yellowstone Supervolcano is actually
           | over-risen bread...
        
           | codesnik wrote:
           | free kombucha!
        
         | interludead wrote:
         | Still, the research itself is pretty exciting. It's cool to see
         | traditional methods getting scientific backing
        
           | piuantiderp wrote:
           | This made me snort my coffee, what backing was needed or
           | lacking? Need peer-review to validate them?
        
         | johnofthesea wrote:
         | Optimal temperature for yeast in general is between 25-30C, for
         | grape wine optimal fermentation is usually between 15-20C
         | (white) 20-25C (red).
         | 
         | So 35C is interesting. 350 would be too much even if it was
         | Kelvin.
        
           | throw-qqqqq wrote:
           | Kveik beer yeast often works well far above 35C. Some
           | reportedly tolerate into low 40s.
           | 
           | I don't know of other yeasts that can do this though.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | I was going to say, just throw some kiveik in it. That
             | stuff is practically fool-proof
        
         | nxobject wrote:
         | Mmm, caramel sweet wine, perhaps?
        
       | gp wrote:
       | 370 degrees Celsius? Hopefully a typo
       | 
       | Last time I was in Rwanda I had banana wine. It comes in beer
       | bottles.
       | 
       | I think it's an acquired taste - I didn't have the acumen to
       | acquire it myself.
        
         | ReptileMan wrote:
         | Fruit wines are tasty usually. But the hangover is on the next
         | level.
        
           | permo-w wrote:
           | depends on the fruit and how many anti-oxidants managed to
           | survive the brewing process
        
             | skyyler wrote:
             | almost entirely depends on how much water you drink, in my
             | experience
        
               | werdnapk wrote:
               | Water is the secret that I wish a younger version of me
               | knew about.
        
               | Loughla wrote:
               | College kids in my day just drank and drank and drank and
               | learned to deal with hangovers.
               | 
               | College kids today tend to alternate one alcoholic to one
               | water. They don't really have hangovers.
               | 
               | They're smarter than we were.
        
               | throaway89 wrote:
               | Frank the Tank!
        
               | nxobject wrote:
               | Quasi-mandatory orientation week training about safely
               | drinking really worked - I know college kids who'll eat
               | while they're drinking, and apparently they make make
               | "BORGS" with electrolyte drinks mixed in too.
               | 
               | I just wish they had training about all the avoidable
               | mistakes you'll make in college relationships...
        
               | sva_ wrote:
               | I've heard stories of med students at my former
               | university going on a saline solution IV drip to drink
               | more.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | IV therapy is big business in places like Las Vegas.
        
               | taurknaut wrote:
               | Pectin breaks down into methanol. Particularly fruit
               | wines and liqueurs will end up with hyper-concentrated
               | methanol. Water will help but cannot remove the pain of
               | actually passing that methanol.
               | 
               | Granted, it's not so bad with the first glass. But with
               | three, be prepared for a nasty hangover. At least this is
               | my experience with applejack. Professionally-made apple
               | jack may be cleaned up more (I kind of hope it is).
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | It depends on the aging. The nasty metabolites that
               | affect taste and cause hangovers are slowly converted to
               | less nasty chemicals as the wine ages.
        
           | werdnapk wrote:
           | All wine is made from fruit.
        
             | ReptileMan wrote:
             | Unlike classical grape wines, the fruit ones are quite
             | "wet". And sweet alcohol for reasons unknown causes the
             | worst of the hangovers.
        
               | mofunnyman wrote:
               | It's for the same reason you feel dead after eating a
               | pound of sugar, and compounded with extra dehydration.
               | Take it from a former professional alcoholic, drink your
               | water and take your B vitamins.
        
               | throwawaymaths wrote:
               | is it unknown? sugar competes with aldehyde
               | dehydrogenase.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | Isn't "fruit" wine kind of a marketing term for "fruit
             | flavored wine", that is "strawberry wine" is supposed to
             | taste like a treat?
             | 
             | The one alcohol that I've made in large quantities [1] is
             | apple cider [2] which I've always made very dry, even
             | though I perceive it has an apple taste, pear cider tastes
             | like pears, even if it is dry.
             | 
             | In sinosphere adaptations of classical Chinese stories like
             | _Romance of the Three Kingdoms_ people talk about drinking
             | 'wine' but my understanding is that what they drank wasn't
             | made from grapes.
             | 
             | [1] probably drank too much of it one December and might
             | have started to get dependent
             | 
             | [2] on my farm we have a few hedgerows that have apples
             | that are good for eating, seedling apples (in some areas
             | surrounded by hedgerows) are usually yucky for eating,
             | although horses think they are fine and they are great for
             | cider.
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | For fruit wines: you can ferment any fruit with enough
               | sugar. They tend to be made sweet, as many fruits can
               | have bitter or unpleasant flavors that come out when dry,
               | such as strawberry. That said, one of my favorites was a
               | dry raspberry that my dad made.
               | 
               | The Chinese stories could be referring to rice wine, a
               | spirit similar to sake. If the stories refer to regions
               | along the Silk road though, they could easily also be
               | referring to grape wine.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | The Chinese alcoholic drink that I think about today is
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baijiu
               | 
               | which might have exited in a prototypical form at that
               | time.
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | That is a distilled spirit.
               | 
               | Mijiu:
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mijiu
               | 
               | is what would be a rice wine. Wikipedia listed it going
               | back as far as 1000 BCE.
               | 
               | It is considered more of a wine than an ale presumably
               | due to the alcohol content, the type of yeast used and
               | how it is usually consumed, despite being a grain
               | beverage (somewhat like barleywine only more so).
        
         | lambda wrote:
         | The article mentions that it was provided by SciDev.net.
         | 
         | Looking there you find the original article, and it has the
         | correction to the right temperature:
         | https://www.scidev.net/global/supported-content/rwandan-scie...
        
         | tiahura wrote:
         | Certain yeasts used in beer brewing produce an ester that is
         | banana-like, especially when brewed at higher temps. It's often
         | considered an off-flavor.
        
       | DFHippie wrote:
       | Now I'm really curious to taste banana wine.
       | 
       | Banana is one of those flavors that some people love and some
       | people really hate. Others in this category -- lutefisk, kimchi,
       | certain cheeses -- make sense: their distinctive flavor is
       | associated with decay. Why bananas, though?
       | 
       | My grandfather was a banana hater. His observation on the topic:
       | "I hate bananas, and I'm glad that I hate them, because if I
       | liked them I'd eat them, and I HATE them!"
        
         | sram1337 wrote:
         | Bananas are a staple food crop in some parts of Africa.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matoke
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | It took me until my 30s to make the connection that bananas
         | cause me intense headaches. I used to love to eat them, but now
         | won't touch them.
         | 
         | I think I'm fine with them cooked, but not raw.
         | 
         | I don't know the mechanism, but if you do searches on bananas
         | and headaches you will find people prescribing them as a cure
         | for headaches, not the other way around.
        
           | btylke wrote:
           | It could be a latex allergy. Bananas are one of a few fruits
           | that cause latex allergic reactions.
        
             | wileydragonfly wrote:
             | Kiwis. Avocado. Watermelon. Etc etc. the list is long.
        
         | interludead wrote:
         | I'm also curious about banana wine... wonder if it leans more
         | toward fresh banana or that overripe, almost fermented taste.
        
           | dan353hehe wrote:
           | If I had to guess, it would be that fermenting bananas into
           | wine makes them taste like they were fermented.
           | 
           | In all seriousness though, I can't stand overripe bananas.
           | Bleah.
        
         | vgrafe wrote:
         | I went a couple years ago in coutryside Rwanda, where locals
         | brought me to a place where I could have some homemade banana
         | wine, or "Urwagwa" (not sure about the spelling!). That place
         | was someone's house with a few people hanging out and drinking,
         | the wine was served in already-opened glass bottles.
         | 
         | For those curious, it is not very boozy (maybe around 7%-10%
         | abv), but very yeasty - to a point where it kinda numbed my
         | mouth. For those curious the yeast is the dominant flavor,
         | followed by banana. Very earthy taste.
         | 
         | Later on I saw Urwagwa sold in a can at the airport, it was
         | very different, no yeast but bitterness instead. I preferred
         | the homemade one.
        
       | quijoteuniv wrote:
       | The article explains nothing, and has a very suspicious typo. If
       | i heat something organic to 370 degrees i do want it to die :D
        
       | interludead wrote:
       | Science helping tradition instead of replacing it
        
       | sjmulder wrote:
       | The explanation as to why flour yeast and grape wine yeast are
       | unsuitable is a bit of a tautology. I know little about yeast.
       | Can someone explain why one sort of yeast is not suitable for
       | another use? And why is "sorghum, the traditional fermenting
       | agent of banana wine" unsuitable or not acceptable to regulators?
        
         | yial wrote:
         | Sorghum is acceptable I believe. It's the fifth most produced
         | crop in the world. It sounds like what might not have been
         | acceptable is using wild yeasts to ferment it.
        
         | dluan wrote:
         | It's similar to the malting process. Certain ingredients will
         | contain enzymes and other important metabolites that can break
         | down complex sugars into smaller simpler sugars that can be
         | eaten by yeast (glucose, fructose). You need them to get a
         | fermentation started and warmed up.
        
       | metalman wrote:
       | bannana wine, just does not work well in.english or bannana beer,
       | or bannana cider, would be interesting to hear the term or terms
       | used localy that might be evocative and perhaps marketable but
       | certain words just dont work together..... like english, and
       | cuisine, ha ha! it is and will forever be english food. rooooll
       | your ooooo's
        
         | s0rce wrote:
         | Sorry, native english speaker here, what is wrong with banana
         | wine?
        
           | metalman wrote:
           | nothing.....if you can make it work.....but in many native
           | english markets, it wont, cept perhaps the kiddy booze
           | market, where if you mix in enough tuarzine(whatever) and ???
           | purple blobs of some goo, it will jump off the shelves but as
           | a meal acompanyment, no wait wait, with german desert wines
           | going extinct there could be a market for a desert wine
           | so......go for it, mang!
        
       | idunnoman1222 wrote:
       | Normally, you ferment at lower temperatures because your drink
       | will taste disgusting... (there will be terrible byproducts) this
       | article has no explanation as to why this traditional drink
       | suddenly tastes fine with a high temperature yeast other than
       | something about regulators accepting some shit. I imagine that
       | traditionally they they didn't add commercial yeast... they just
       | opened the top of it and prayed.. and the wild yeast which
       | probably where they live Ferments fine at higher temperatures
       | however, I had to make this all up in my head because there is no
       | fucking information in this entire article and certainly no
       | science and I'm amazed it's number three. What the is this shit
        
         | fmbb wrote:
         | Normally when you make banana wine?
        
       | declan_roberts wrote:
       | They've been making banana wine from wild yeast presumably for at
       | least a 100 years or longer. It sounds like the regulators in
       | their country are a PITA and won't get out of the way.
       | 
       | There's a million different strains of yeast but they all do the
       | same thing. If you don't add any yeast it will still ferment with
       | the wild yeast.
        
         | collyw wrote:
         | I was thinking the same. Though wild fermenting works well for
         | small batches, I have no idea of it scales. I was guessing this
         | is a comercial operation if regulators are involved.
        
         | dluan wrote:
         | Regulation is extremely important, and has been part and parcel
         | of alcohol and wine production since prehistoric times. Besides
         | the health reasons, wine is very easy to cut with synthetic or
         | artificial ingredients, which has important economic and health
         | consequences - hence the use of government bonding for hundreds
         | of years around the world.
         | 
         | But more recently, regulation is vital for setting up
         | geographical indicators for production of items that are
         | locally unique, e.g. Parmesean, Champagne, and the German
         | Reinheitsgebot which are legally protected practices for the
         | reasons in the first paragraph. Being able to identify the
         | specific strains of yeast in this banana wine is a big part for
         | arguing the provenance of it.
        
       | dluan wrote:
       | Bananas are notoriously hard to turn into a cleaner wine, mainly
       | because of the fact that most bananas that are not Cavendish have
       | a lot of latex and turn into goop. Most of the places where
       | banana wine is produced (tropics) ultimately also turn it into
       | banana "gin", and there's an incredibly deep and long cultural
       | history of its production, e.g. it's tied to British colonialism
       | in West Africa funded by liquor revenues, regulation was a hot
       | topic of local protests, and drinking bars used to be hotbeds of
       | nationalist agitation. When Nkrumah's CPP took over Ghana, they
       | legalized homemade wine/liquor as a symbol against the gin
       | drinking imperialists (in 1890 a bunch of countries in Brussels
       | banned liquor importation to Africa).
       | 
       | The other much easier to produce wine and spirit comes from palm
       | sugar (akpeteshie in Ghana, toddy in Indonesia), but the time
       | window of when it is fresh and can be consumed is counted in
       | hours, so it's not stable enough as an agricultural product to
       | sell. Banana wine is an easy way to turn surplus calories into
       | surplus cents.
        
         | prmph wrote:
         | But fresh palm wine is now bottled for sale in Ghana at least.
         | I know because I've bought some in Ghana several times. Not
         | sure how they preserve the freshness and prevent further
         | fermentation though.
        
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