[HN Gopher] Meta torrented & seeded 81.7 TB dataset containing c...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Meta torrented & seeded 81.7 TB dataset containing copyrighted data
        
       Author : gameshot911
       Score  : 1033 points
       Date   : 2025-02-07 11:26 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | tremarley wrote:
       | ebooks are a 1-2 mb each max. 81.7 TB are a lot of books, like
       | 42-85 million books.
        
         | thunkingdeep wrote:
         | I've got 70-80mb pirated books, I think because of the
         | illustrations. Guess it depends on the book.
        
           | mateus1 wrote:
           | I don't think they're using picture heavy book for LLM
           | training, no?
        
             | moralestapia wrote:
             | Yes they do, there's multimodal models.
        
             | mnsu wrote:
             | For multi-modal models, why not? They would be probably
             | some of the best data.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | Sometimes the PDF of a book is big because the book's
               | packed with important illustrations and charts - like a
               | textbook or journal paper.
               | 
               | Other times a PDF of a book is big because someone
               | scanned it and didn't have trustworthy OCR, so they
               | figured distributing images of text at 1.5 MB per page
               | was better than risking OCR errors.
        
             | WithinReason wrote:
             | Presumably they didn't create the torrent
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | Whoever created it has a lot of spare hard disk space.
        
               | RIMR wrote:
               | 100TB is like 6 hard drives...
        
               | hulitu wrote:
               | > 100TB is like 6 hard drives...
               | 
               | Discounted Seagates ? /s
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | You can get recertified 18TB drives, but still it's a lot
               | of disk space. I simply don't have enough data.
        
             | littlestymaar wrote:
             | Even if they didn't use the illustration(which isn't clear
             | given multimodal models), they'd still make use the text in
             | the books.
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | I don't think they need to be selective. It's not like Meta
             | can run out of storage.
        
             | RIMR wrote:
             | Just because the LLMs are trained on text doesn't mean that
             | images we're a part of what they downloaded.
             | 
             | You clean up the data after you acquire it, not before.
        
             | hulitu wrote:
             | Why not ? Do you think that AI doesn't enjoy porn ? /s
        
         | squigz wrote:
         | It could be anywhere from a few million to a hundred million
         | 
         | https://annas-archive.org/datasets
        
         | weberer wrote:
         | The article says they got datasets from Anna's Archive. It was
         | most likely the scihub/libgen torrent which is 96.0 TB right
         | now and contains 92,872,581 files. That's about 1 megabyte per
         | file.
         | 
         | https://annas-archive.org/datasets
        
       | panki27 wrote:
       | They could have at the very least seeded some more, to give
       | something back to the, uh, community.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Really curious what the judges are going to do here.
       | 
       | Horse has functionally bolted on this already
       | 
       | I'm guessing slap on wrist despite courts going after individual
       | for a couple of movies torrented pretty hard
        
         | aprilthird2021 wrote:
         | Is there any other possible outcome than a fine? That too one
         | which will not really affect Meta's overall earnings
        
           | Havoc wrote:
           | Ideally we have a conversation about how we as society have
           | ended up in a situations where we have a two tier justice
           | system.
           | 
           | At a minimum the starting point of discussion here should be
           | that if life ruining $80,000 per item is an acceptable fine
           | for individuals then why is it not the same for corporations.
           | Which would probably get you a number in the trillions at
           | which point we could have a discussion about reforming this
           | entire system.
           | 
           | But yes realistically slap on wrist is what is going to
           | happen here.
        
         | empath75 wrote:
         | The reality of the situation is that the economic value and
         | utility of AI is going to cause the laws to be restructured
         | around them.
        
       | mnsu wrote:
       | So according to some AI, the damages awarded per infringed work
       | is ~$750 minimum in the US. 80TB of books, each let's say 10MB on
       | average, would be 8 million works. So Meta should pay 6 billion
       | USD for their copyright infringement?
        
         | oersted wrote:
         | Nice calculation, that's actually quite doable for them, they
         | have already been paying similar fines for a while.
        
         | gorbachev wrote:
         | Minimum doesn't cover willful copyright infractions, for which
         | maximum penalty is $150K per work. That comes out to quite a
         | different number.
        
         | timeon wrote:
         | Prosecutors filed for Swartz 50 years of imprisonment and $1
         | million in fines.
         | 
         | Can you calculate how many years that would be for Mark and his
         | people?
        
           | qup wrote:
           | I ran it, it came out to zero
        
       | bmsleight_ wrote:
       | So if I torrented and seeded, I would be doing it for my own
       | entertainment, not commercially. I expect big copy-write holders
       | to come after myself. If Meta does it - I guess they have better
       | lawyers ?
       | 
       | Could make interesting case law.
        
         | unification_fan wrote:
         | > Could make interesting case law.
         | 
         | Yeah, to perpetuate this system where only those who can afford
         | lawyers get to benefit
        
           | echoangle wrote:
           | Since it's case law, everyone would benefit from the
           | precedent
        
             | timeon wrote:
             | There already is precedent with cases like Aaron Swartz.
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | No there's not, he killed himself before there was a
               | decision. That doesn't create precedent.
        
       | passwordoops wrote:
       | Eye for an eye. Meta losses rights to 81.7 TB of IP. Transcribed
       | into a text file
        
         | cma wrote:
         | Meta already does that to themselves every year or so, deleting
         | all internal communications.
         | 
         | They've thrown away a huge amount of communication to source
         | code commit reinforcement training data as a result. They do it
         | to avoid emails making it into trials like this.
        
           | yodsanklai wrote:
           | > Meta already does that to themselves every year or so,
           | deleting all internal communications.
           | 
           | Aren't they obligated by law to keep all internal
           | communication?
        
             | stingraycharles wrote:
             | Yes, they are. But I can imagine the fine/impact for this
             | being much, much lower than the consequences of all their
             | nefarious communication being used in trials.
        
             | cma wrote:
             | When there is a specific order after proceeding starts, but
             | not before. There can sometimes be other orders as part of
             | govt settlements like Google was recently accused of
             | violating.
             | 
             | You may be thinking of certain financial institutions where
             | it is a hard requirement, and maybe there are some other
             | regulated industries too that have it.
        
             | immibis wrote:
             | Companies often don't do what they're obligated to. As long
             | as they can keep plausible deniability.
        
           | zaik wrote:
           | No large company will ever consider training a public LLM on
           | all their internal communications.
        
             | cma wrote:
             | Could be a private finetune, or even a complete private
             | model. They already have one for their internal codebase.
        
       | openplatypus wrote:
       | Something tells me uncle Donald will exonerate his new favourite
       | lapdog from any criminal or civil liability.
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | IANAL but the pardon power (A) only extends to criminal
         | punishments, not civil liabilities and (B) copyright lawsuits
         | can be launched by anybody, not just the Department of Justice.
         | 
         | So, barring further Might Makes Right shit--which I'm not
         | willing to fully rule out--Trump can't fully shield Zuckerberg
         | et al.
        
       | ksynwa wrote:
       | A good chance for federal prosectutors to "send a message" as
       | they did with Aaron Swartz but I don't see things going that way.
        
         | courseofaction wrote:
         | Even after JSTOR declined to press charges in that case.
         | Despicable. The US has dug the hole it's going down.
        
         | acomjean wrote:
         | If you were wondering why meta was making a lot of donations to
         | the new government (including settling a lawsuit for 25 million
         | with the New president, 1 million to the inauguration).... I
         | suspect there will be no federeal charges.
         | 
         | The rules have always seemed different for corporations
         | regardless.
         | 
         | https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-settles-lawsuit-meta-m...
        
       | RobotToaster wrote:
       | Before I decided my opinion on this I need to know their ratio.
        
         | adamsocrat wrote:
         | Article states: Meta also allegedly modified settings "so that
         | the smallest amount of seeding possible could occur"
        
           | MaKey wrote:
           | Damn leechers!
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | The jury of their peers finds them guilty!
        
           | malfist wrote:
           | Big tech taking and not giving back, where have I heard this
           | before?
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | In that case, throw the book at them.
        
       | nyoomboom wrote:
       | Remembering Aaron Swartz in this moment
        
         | stingraycharles wrote:
         | Which was arguably more innocent -- scientific papers.
        
           | piyuv wrote:
           | Meta is not "innocent", and comparing this instance with
           | Swartz is a huge offense to his legacy.
        
             | Philpax wrote:
             | I don't think you've read the parent comment correctly?
        
               | piyuv wrote:
               | Parent comment implies Swartz was guilty of some degree.
               | I vehemently disagree with that.
        
               | aruametello wrote:
               | > Parent comment implies Swartz was guilty of some degree
               | 
               | as a constructive criticism, you might want to reconsider
               | your interpretation of
               | 
               | >"Remembering Aaron Swartz in this moment" -> Which was
               | arguably more innocent -- scientific papers.
               | 
               | As in, both hold some degree of illegality (objectively),
               | so when pointed that "he is guilty of some degree" is due
               | to the jurisdiction laws (broken or not) regardless of
               | societal/moral values that the context may apply.
               | 
               | perhaps a better answer would be to point that he
               | shouldn't be punished for those actions.
        
               | HeatrayEnjoyer wrote:
               | You're quoting a different user
        
               | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
               | > As in, both hold some degree of illegality
               | (objectively)
               | 
               | What did Aaron Swartz do that was illegal?
        
             | maverwa wrote:
             | I think comparing it is reasonable and valid. Equaling it
             | would be incorrect. What Meta is (allegedly, likely) doing
             | here is several orders of magnitude worse, in scale and
             | intention. I'd say both ethical and probably juristical.
             | 
             | But just because the scale and intention are different,
             | does not mean we cannot compare both cases. They are not
             | equal, far from it. But they are compareable.
        
         | qup wrote:
         | Would Aaron have preferred us to download the material and
         | train the AI?
        
       | gameshot911 wrote:
       | Beyond illegal downloading and distribution of copyrighted
       | content, the article also describes how Meta staff seemingly lied
       | about it in depositions (including, potentially, Mark Zuckerberg
       | himself).
        
         | malfist wrote:
         | Huh, a big tech CEO lied to us?
         | 
         | Flippant response I know, but too many people worship at the
         | alter of the job creater and believe these folks are moral
         | upstanding citizens
        
       | gizmo wrote:
       | Based on the encyclopedic knowledge LLMs have of written works I
       | assume all parties did the same. But I think there is a broader
       | point to make here. Youtube was initially a ghost town (it
       | started as a dating site) and it only got traction once people
       | started uploading copyrighted TV shows to it. Google itself got
       | big by indexing other people's data without compensation.
       | Spotify's music library was also pirated in the early days. The
       | contracts with the music labels came later. GPL violations by
       | commercial products fits the theme also.
       | 
       | Companies aggressively protect their own intellectual property
       | but have no qualms about violating the IP rights of others.
       | Companies. Individuals have no such privilege. If you plug a
       | laptop into a closet at MIT to download some scientific papers
       | you forfeit your life.
        
         | newsclues wrote:
         | Comprehensive intellectual property needs to happen for the
         | modern (digital) era.
         | 
         | Basically the entire legal system needs to be retooled and
         | rethought for computers.
        
           | actionfromafar wrote:
           | Looks like the entire legal system is being retooled at the
           | moment.
        
           | threeseed wrote:
           | No we just need to enforce the existing laws.
           | 
           | And the legal system is for humans not computers.
        
             | newsclues wrote:
             | The existing laws are a problem, and are not enforced in a
             | fair and just manner.
             | 
             | Yes, the legal system is for humans, but we can use
             | technology to improve the system for humans, so it's
             | faster, better and more fair, because humans aren't
             | perfect, and now we have technology to be better than the
             | system create a long time ago. You don't think the legal
             | system should run on pens and paper right? Adapting to
             | typewriters, was a benifit to the system?
             | 
             | Well, video on demand, live streaming, and things like LLMs
             | can also make the system better for humans.
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | Aren't all LLMs based on models published by the big two
               | or three, so built on IP theft and if you're using them
               | you are guilty of handling stolen goods?
        
               | newsclues wrote:
               | that's the point.
        
             | Qwertious wrote:
             | Plenty of the existing laws are insane and indefensible.
             | Copyright duration of _life of the author plus 70 years_?
             | Patents on videogame mechanics?
             | 
             | We need to both reform the laws _and_ enforce them.
             | Otherwise...
             | 
             | >The law, in its majestic equality, forbids the rich and
             | poor alike to sleep under bridges, to beg in the streets,
             | and to steal bread.
        
               | tastyfreeze wrote:
               | Pantents on video game mechanics... oh how I wish this
               | weren't true. I would love a first person adventure game
               | with the best mechanics and controls taken from genres
               | that did that mechanics very well.
               | 
               | The one that always comes to mind for me is the boxing
               | controls from Fight Night games. It pains me a little
               | every time I play a game where pugilistic battles come
               | down to smash 1 or 2 buttons.
        
         | pbh101 wrote:
         | > Google itself got big by indexing other people's data without
         | compensation
         | 
         | Weird framing given how much value was and is still placed on
         | Google driving traffic to you
        
           | joshstrange wrote:
           | Even before the LLM-craze Google was showing their Answers
           | box or whatever it was called at the top of the results that
           | told you the answer (sometimes) so that you didn't have to
           | visit any website.
        
           | mrkeen wrote:
           | For Google's case the order was reversed.
           | 
           | Google used to send customers to your site. Now they try to
           | show you the information on their site so that the customer
           | doesn't need to go to your site.
        
             | sitkack wrote:
             | Unless your site is an SEO cesspool serving THEIR ads, then
             | you do end up there.
        
         | ysofunny wrote:
         | the english empire once tried to mantain a monopoly over steam
         | loom machines
         | 
         | the americans cheated their way to competition,
         | 
         | heck, even before that, the english empire got jumpstarted by
         | stealing gold from the spanish (who were themselves exploiting
         | it away from aztec and other mexican natives)
         | 
         | I'm saying it's business as usual, but also, culture doesn't
         | work like tangible physical widgets so we must stop letting a
         | few steal this boon of digital copying by means of silly ideas
         | like DRM, copyright, patents. all means to cause scarcity
        
           | choult wrote:
           | Hollywood became popular for filmmaking because they were
           | literally the opposite side of the country from Thomas Edison
           | and his patents...
        
             | anotherhue wrote:
             | That and the predictable weather (old film needs lots of
             | light).
        
             | kristianp wrote:
             | This is interesting, is it really true?
        
           | miltonlost wrote:
           | People criming in the past is not an excuse for companies
           | committing crimes today. You're excusing lawlessness.
           | 
           | Cain killed Abel and got away with it!! I can kill someone
           | today too!!!
        
             | appreciatorBus wrote:
             | I think it's fine to criticize the hypocrisy of viciously
             | defending the copyrights you own, while gleefully running
             | roughshod over the ones you don't.
             | 
             | But it's also possible that copyright as a concept, or in
             | its current implementation, is bad and unjust.
             | 
             | I'm sure some copyright holders would like nothing more
             | than to see an argument that elevates copyright violation
             | to the level of murder, morally or legally. But I think
             | it's more akin to jaywalking - violating an unjust law that
             | mostly shouldn't exist.
        
               | CptFribble wrote:
               | the reform needs to happen at the layer where whether a
               | copyright is valid or not is decided upon, not before (at
               | the point of "should copyright exist") and not after
               | (enforcement).
               | 
               | a world without copyright means those with the largest
               | advertising budgets will reap nearly all the rewards from
               | new IP created by small artists. BigCorp Inc. can just
               | sit around and wait for talented musicians to post
               | something interesting on soundcloud, for example, then
               | just have their in-house people copy it and push it out
               | to radio and streaming platforms via their massive ad
               | budgets and favorable relationships for getting new
               | material onto the waves immediately. meanwhile the
               | original artist gets nothing.
               | 
               | the position of advocating against all copyright
               | protections at all only makes sense for people who are
               | already wealthy enough that they don't need proceeds from
               | their art to survive.
        
               | brookst wrote:
               | I don't think this is true. At least in music, bands make
               | far more money from touring and merch than they do from
               | music sales.
               | 
               | If copyright disappeared altogether, most smaller artists
               | would be just fine because they have loyal fans and
               | adjacent monetization strategies.
               | 
               | See: Grateful Dead. They did just fine despite
               | _encouraging_ infringement of IP.
               | 
               | IMO copyright mostly serves to protect the very biggest
               | artists and companies, not the small ones.
        
               | gmokki wrote:
               | I think the point was that the big corporations get the
               | money from selling music.
               | 
               | And saying that bands currently make more money from
               | touring kind of proves the point. They get too low % cut
               | of music sales.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | But the point of the response is that "getting money from
               | selling music" is, in digital era, artificial scarcity.
               | I.e. the copyright laws that big corporations are
               | lobbying for continued enforcement and tightening, are
               | the very thing that create this artificial scarcity that
               | they are best positioned to profit off.
               | 
               | Cut out copyright, and _no one_ will be getting any money
               | from selling music per copy (or equivalent) - _as it
               | should be_.
        
               | CptFribble wrote:
               | digital music is not artificial scarcity, because it's
               | not the copied bits that are the resource, it's
               | attention. we only have so much time and attention for
               | consuming media, and only so much attention and memory
               | space in our brains for keeping track of where to find
               | it. large budgets can easily dominate these channels and
               | limit the average person's apparent choice.
               | 
               | this is what I mean when large players would outcompete
               | smaller players in a digital marketplace with no
               | copyright. the only way for this to work would be with a
               | benevolent neutral 3rd party managing the marketplace,
               | like Steam, so users can easily see when a large player
               | is cloning a smaller players work - but even then it
               | still depends on the good will of the general public to
               | prefer the "original" artist which is not guaranteed.
        
               | appreciatorBus wrote:
               | > the position of advocating against all copyright
               | protections at all only makes sense for people who are
               | already wealthy enough that they don't need proceeds from
               | their art to survive.
               | 
               | This makes it sound like the majority of people produce
               | more content than they consume.
               | 
               | The reality is that 99.99999% of people do not produce
               | "art", let alone with the intention of living of it.
               | 
               | Whatever harms you might envision for the tiny minority
               | who do want to try living off copyright, those concerns
               | are dwarfed by the benefits for the rest of us.
               | 
               | Further, not many people who are serious about reform are
               | literally "advocating against all copyright" A reform
               | that simply curbed the duration to something less insane
               | than 150 years would resolve much of what makes copyright
               | bad, even if it continued to exist.
        
             | fortran77 wrote:
             | Cain was severely punished.
             | 
             | v@`at'ah arv'r at'ah minhaadamah asher p'ats@tah etp'iyha
             | laqakhat etd'@mey akhiyka miy'adeka: Therefore, you shall
             | be more cursed than the ground, which opened its mouth to
             | receive your brother's blood from your hand.
             | 
             | https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.4.12
        
               | miltonlost wrote:
               | Jack the Ripper killed people and got away with it!!!
               | Happy?
        
               | fortran77 wrote:
               | Better! Thanks.
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | But the crime is creating something new. If laws are
             | enforced that criminalise creation, then the world will be
             | rather static.
             | 
             | It seems to be a consistent direction of history's arc that
             | the people who make it easy to create and innovate get
             | ahead.
        
               | miltonlost wrote:
               | We don't allow indiscriminate human experimentation in
               | medicine. We have crimes against this, and yet we still
               | have new medicines. Sure, it won't be as quick if we
               | could just use humans as test subjects from the start,
               | but that's an unethical line. Innovation done immorally
               | is progress that shouldn't have been made. The ends don't
               | justify the means, but I'm not an ethical nihilist.
               | 
               | The crime is downloading and copying and distributing
               | copyrighted materials! Not creating the LLM! Get the
               | crime right
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | Those medical policies have condemned thousands, possibly
               | millions, to lives of unnecessary pain and suffering.
               | They're more damaging than copyright.
        
               | miltonlost wrote:
               | Ok, I'll go tell the Nazis that their medical experiments
               | using live humans were A-OK!!!
        
               | BriggyDwiggs42 wrote:
               | You actually don't know that. The question would be, what
               | proportion of human experiments are successful, and you
               | don't know the answer to that question, so the victims of
               | experiments could dwarf the beneficiaries of successful
               | research. That's always the hard thing with basic
               | utilitarianism.
        
           | portaouflop wrote:
           | Why do I get sued when I share some BitTorrents but $bigcorp
           | can just do it with 1000 scale without problems?
           | 
           | The issue here is not copyright/patents/etc - the issue is
           | that the law is applied selectively -- the issue is that
           | Aaron Schwartz is dead for sharing knowledge with the public
           | and Zuccborg is a billionaire building his torment nexus
        
             | brookst wrote:
             | I mean this news broke today. It may be premature to
             | declare that nobody will sue Meta. In fact I would
             | cheerfully bet that someone will, and that they will spend
             | more in defense/settlement than any 1000 individuals would.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | Interesting, if we're to trust what NotOpenAI and Facebook
           | say about their IP, the US should pay the UK reparations for
           | IP theft based on textile industry profits starting in the
           | 1850s until today?
        
           | sebzim4500 wrote:
           | I don't think I've heard the term "English empire". Is it an
           | attempt by the Scottish to pretend they weren't involved?
        
             | HideousKojima wrote:
             | Just like Austria's greatest historical accomplishment:
             | convincing the world the Hitler was German
        
             | nkozyra wrote:
             | I was assuming they were talking about pre-1706 given the
             | Spanish gold context.
        
             | 52-6F-62 wrote:
             | Is this an attempt to imply the Scots had imperial
             | ambitions and have not been fighting to keep their homes
             | free of invasion for several thousand years?
             | 
             | Fuck this sounds familiar right now
        
               | sebzim4500 wrote:
               | >Is this an attempt to imply the Scots had imperial
               | ambitions and have not been fighting to keep their homes
               | free of invasion for several thousand years?
               | 
               | Obviously yes. Who have they been fighting to avoid
               | invasion exactly?
               | 
               | >Fuck this sounds familiar right now
               | 
               | Maybe you read it in a history textbook.
        
           | m4rtink wrote:
           | The textile industry in Brno here in Czech Republic
           | (sometimes called "Moravian Manchester") was hugely helped by
           | a local noble posing as a worker in England & the smuggling
           | detailed self-drawn plans of industrial machinery back:
           | 
           | "Brno's fortunes were changed forever when a young freemason
           | called Franz Hugo Salma set out for England in 1801. He
           | intended to steal the plans for the most modern textile
           | machinery in the world. His crime, the first recorded act of
           | industrial espionage, boosted the competitiveness of Moravian
           | textiles. Soon after smuggling the plans out disguised as a
           | worker, and handing them over to Brno's fledgling textile
           | industry, Brno became the most important textile centre in
           | the Habsburg empire."
           | 
           | You can even go see some of the original plans in a museum:
           | 
           | "Eleven designs are still preserved in the library of the
           | Rajec chateau. They form a unique set of documents
           | demonstrating both the level of wool processing technology at
           | the turn of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, as well
           | as the aims and means of the relatively rare business of
           | industrial espionage at that time."
           | 
           | https://www.gotobrno.cz/en/brno-phenomenon/this-is-brno-
           | kate... https://www.gotobrno.cz/en/place/salm-reifferscheidt-
           | palace/
        
         | illegalmemory wrote:
         | " If you plug a laptop into a closet at MIT to download some
         | scientific papers you forfeit your life."
         | 
         | This is exactly what I immediately thought while reading the
         | article. It almost feels like the legal system only punishes
         | general public, while most of these guys are above it.
        
           | G_o_D wrote:
           | Money speaks ! Money buys !
        
           | rahton wrote:
           | The legal system is built to favor large corps and capital
           | owners. See Katharina Pistor books for instance.
        
             | cheschire wrote:
             | I think it's the other way around. Those large entities
             | break all the same laws and rules as others and then get to
             | the point where they can influence the creation of a
             | regulatory moat around themselves to prevent competitors
             | from taking the same path as them.
        
               | ttoinou wrote:
               | True but lets take examples one by one to see what we can
               | learn : Spotify was doing illegal things until they made
               | a deal to become legal and not to be trialed over what
               | they done. Seems like business deals is what saved them,
               | not regulatory capture (the regulations around IP for
               | music pre existed Spotify)
        
               | cheschire wrote:
               | Sure that is what saved them initially, but following
               | that early 2010's period of hemorrhaging money and
               | eventual recovery, then they started digging that moat.
               | 
               | https://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/spotify-
               | washington-lo...
               | 
               | https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-
               | lobbying/clients/issues?...
        
               | ttoinou wrote:
               | Very interesting thank you for the links. I'm not
               | knowledgeable in the Music Modernization Act, but maybe
               | some of this lobbying is to avoid being sued rather than
               | building legal long term moat
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Same would be the case for YouTube. Google case was
               | different in that AFAIK there wasn't any obvious legal
               | problem with indexing, and, back then, they were actually
               | doing everyone a favor.
               | 
               | Hardly anyone had any issue with Google search until the
               | time when news media screwed themselves over by going all
               | in on ads, overdoing it, then trying to bring back the
               | paywall, only to realize no one is actually browsing
               | their sites but instead relies on Google to find specific
               | articles. All kinds of legal and technical nonsense
               | started happening (and then Google improved the blurbs
               | under search results and added the "answer box", leading
               | publishers big and small to collectively lose their
               | minds...).
        
               | nayuki wrote:
               | And then news media in Canada got even worse a few years
               | ago. They demanded the government make a law so that when
               | Google or Facebook even _links_ to an article, they must
               | pay the news org. Google decided to pay the link tax.
               | Facebook decided to block all news links. From talking to
               | people, most think that Facebook is the villain, in
               | reality it 's the news orgs in collusion with state
               | power. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_News_Act ,
               | https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/csj-sjc/pl/charter-
               | charte/c18_...
        
               | gardnr wrote:
               | Then Facebook complied with the new law which had
               | negative outcomes for Canadians. The politicians then
               | blamed Facebook for the negative outcomes:
               | https://www.wired.com/story/meta-facebook-instagram-news-
               | blo...
               | 
               | I do believe that large companies should be taxed to help
               | improve society. This law was not the right way to do it.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | I guess I sort of understand where this idea comes from,
               | and when I was young I was totally into it, but now being
               | in the corporate world for a decade and having my own
               | small business, I just don't really see it anymore.
               | 
               | Big corps tend to be extremely conscientious of the the
               | law. The law may not be ideal, but they tend to be hyper
               | aware of it and have lawyers to ensure it. Small
               | companies on the other hand are the wild fucking west,
               | and tend to be overflowing with "turn a blind eye to
               | that".
               | 
               | What big corps love is regulation that is expensive for
               | small shops to overcome. They can drop $500k on a product
               | cert no problem, be legally in the clear (and graciously
               | compliant!), while making it near impossible for small
               | guys to compete.
        
           | isaacremuant wrote:
           | It doesn't "seem". The entire system in most countries works,
           | by design, that way because the people in power trade in
           | influence at a different plane.
           | 
           | That's why democracy often feels "failed" in that no change
           | can be achieved because "it's just more of the same". Few
           | Lobbyists representing the interests of a few people have
           | more power than millions voting differently.
        
             | vladms wrote:
             | What happens in US right now shows that change is achieved
             | through voting. There are other examples as well in Europe
             | where things did change because of how people voted. If the
             | change is good or bad depends on your perspective.
             | 
             | For me the annoying part is that people vote for a guy
             | because of a couple heavily advertised issues, ignoring all
             | the other plans or the fact that he might not keep his
             | word. Then they are unhappy that things "fail" for them.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | It's unclear yet whether anything will really change. It
               | is a perfect example though of how the rich are above the
               | law.
        
               | daedrdev wrote:
               | USAID has already been shut down
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | What I mean is that people are going to sue, and they
               | will go to the courts. It's unclear how much will really
               | stick.
        
               | brookst wrote:
               | I like your optimistic take. My more cynical one is that
               | what's happening in the US shows that real change is
               | achieved through corruption and lying: honest policy
               | discussions and iterative improvement stand no chance
               | against a charismatic populist who will say anything to
               | entrench an oligarchy.
        
               | vladms wrote:
               | It's not primarily optimistic. I just think that
               | education of the people can bring the best improvement on
               | the long run, and not adjusting democracy, demonizing
               | rich guys or another "new" system.
               | 
               | While I hope iterative improvement is the way, I think
               | there are people that have it (or feel) so bad (due to
               | various reasons) that they would take a 50% chance to die
               | for the chance to live better.
               | 
               | The charismatic populists are not supported only by
               | people that are well off, without any worry (neither in
               | US, nor in Europe). (ex:
               | https://www.statista.com/statistics/1535295/presidential-
               | ele...)
        
               | isaacremuant wrote:
               | Yes. US and places where people can elect a democracy
               | have a higher chance of some change than European
               | countries with parliamentary systems where a sudden
               | populist candidate won't make it through that system.
               | 
               | I'd argue that, even if some change does happen in the
               | US. Most change (see healthcare, military spending, etc)
               | won't happen because big money will beat the majority of
               | the populace every time.
        
           | veggieroll wrote:
           | Wilhoit's law:
           | 
           | > There must be in-groups whom the law protects but does not
           | bind, alongside out-groups whom the law binds but does not
           | protect.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | Is that a prescriptive or descriptive law?
        
               | qup wrote:
               | He left out part of the quote, which is misappropriated
               | as well. Wikipedia:
               | 
               | > This quotation is often incorrectly attributed to
               | Francis M. Wilhoit:
               | 
               | > _Conservatism consists of exactly one proposition, to
               | wit: There must be in-groups whom the law protects but
               | does not bind, alongside out-groups whom the law binds
               | but does not protect._
               | 
               | > However, it was actually a 2018 blog response by
               | 59-year-old Ohio composer Frank Wilhoit, years after
               | Francis Wilhoit's death.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_M._Wilhoit
        
               | diogocp wrote:
               | A restatement of Orwell's "all animals are equal, but
               | some are more equal than others".
               | 
               | The irony must have been lost on him.
        
               | TZubiri wrote:
               | Lol, that's clearly a descriptive law/maxim not an actual
               | law.
        
           | jamesbfb wrote:
           | RIP Aaron
        
           | rchaud wrote:
           | Airbnb and Uber have showed us that laws matter only to the
           | extent that the political will to enforce them exists. Throw
           | enough lawyers and lobbying money at the problem and the laws
           | can simply be re-written to be friendlier to your business
           | model.
        
             | DebtDeflation wrote:
             | The reason there was no political will to punish Airbnb and
             | Uber for violating the law was that initially they were
             | subsidized with VC money and so were able to undercut
             | traditional hotels and taxis on price. In the world of
             | tradable goods, pricing below cost with the intent of
             | putting competition out of business so you can raise prices
             | later is known as "dumping" and is itself illegal.
        
               | buran77 wrote:
               | The reason is that everyone who was supposed to do
               | something about it was "subsidized with VC money".
        
               | grepfru_it wrote:
               | Or in Ubers case, used to actively hinder those doing the
               | investigation
        
               | mapt wrote:
               | Is it? Really?
               | 
               | Or is it just "illegal" for an overseas competitor to a
               | domestic industry, in trade disputes?
               | 
               | What is the fine? How many days in jail does the company
               | spend? What portion is its stock diluted by?
               | 
               | We remember the tale of Jeff Bezouis the Wise, who
               | tragically lost his company when he decided he didn't
               | want to buy diapers.com at the offered price, and instead
               | wanted to dump 200 million dollars into selling diapers
               | well below cost until their site folded.
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | You're right. Dumping refers to international trade. I
               | believe parent commenter was thinking of
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predatory_pricing
        
               | hylaride wrote:
               | The traditional taxi industry was rife with corruption,
               | bad experiences, and poor service in many jurisdictions
               | before uber/lyft. As terrible of a human being that I
               | think Travis Kalanick is, it was only going to take
               | lawbreaking to overcome such a tainted system.
               | 
               | Medallion systems often prevented any competition,
               | sometimes to absurd effect. The number of licenced taxis
               | often didn't keep pace with population growth, sometimes
               | even staying flat. Many drivers didn't own their own
               | medallians then had to rent from owners, often making
               | little money. In my city (Toronto) cabs were often dirty,
               | broken, refused short distance fares (illegal) and
               | smelled of cigarette smoke that was obviously from the
               | driver.
               | 
               | Examples (paywalls, but you get the idea):
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/26/nyregion/amid-a-
               | heritage-...
               | 
               | https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-
               | drive/adventure/red-li...
        
               | slices wrote:
               | I've never been a huge user of either, but my worst Uber
               | ride was much better than my best taxi ride.
        
               | ses1984 wrote:
               | The last time I dragged my family into a taxi because of
               | my anti Uber ideology, the driver stank to hell of body
               | odor, asked me to input directions on his phone covered
               | with dried snot from him sneezing with his mouth open, he
               | drove dangerously under the speed limit on the freeway,
               | and it took twice as long to get home as normal.
               | 
               | But at least I didn't give Uber any money...
        
               | jamespo wrote:
               | Strange, my last Uber driver had BO. Normally they are
               | fine however.
        
               | derektank wrote:
               | I'm immediately reminded of the Slavoj Zizek quote,
               | 
               | "I already am eating from the trashcan all the time. The
               | name of this trashcan is ideology"
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | It sucked, but not everywhere equally. Meanwhile, Uber
               | rode their one-trick pony (an app), which everyone
               | quickly replicated, all the way to upending taxi
               | businesses _worldwide_ , thanks to their infinite money
               | supply letting them survive long enough in any new market
               | to get the public behind them, which took away support
               | from local regulators trying to keep the market from
               | being gutted by what at this point was a multinational
               | corporation (and technically a _criminal enterprise_ ).
               | 
               | Sure, taxi services aren't usually known to be paragons
               | of virtue, but then they weren't _that_ bad everywhere;
               | Uber is just another case of an US org trying to address
               | an US-specific problem and then bludgeoning the entire
               | world with their solution, whether the rest of the planet
               | has such problems or not.
        
               | ChadNauseam wrote:
               | That seems a little dramatic. They never forced anyone to
               | take an uber right? If taxis were so amazing in other
               | countries why would anyone be interested in switching to
               | uber?
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | Uber was able to subsidize prices, that's why.
        
               | theshackleford wrote:
               | > It sucked, but not everywhere equally.
               | 
               | Ok, but "everywhere" isn't my problem. They sucked
               | _everywhere_ I had to use one which is my problem.
               | 
               | > they weren't that bad everywhere
               | 
               | They were beyond a joke where I am from, which is not the
               | US. Even today, they remain a worse option.
               | 
               | > US specific problem
               | 
               | There was nothing US specific about it.
        
               | nayuki wrote:
               | Moreover, I believe Uber fundamentally solved two
               | problems with taxis:
               | 
               | The driver can't scam the passenger. The driver can't set
               | the meter wrong, drive an unnecessarily long route, or
               | just be an outright unlicensed taxi. Instead, the driver
               | maintains a relationship with Uber, and the passenger can
               | preview the fare before committing.
               | 
               | The passenger can't scam the driver. In a traditional
               | taxi, you could theoretically just walk out ("dine and
               | dash" style). The passenger can also make a call to
               | dispatch and not show up for the ride. Instead, the
               | passenger maintains a relationship with Uber, and the
               | driver doesn't need to handle any payments.
               | 
               | > Medallion systems often prevented any competition,
               | sometimes to absurd effect. The number of licenced taxis
               | often didn't keep pace with population growth, sometimes
               | even staying flat.
               | 
               | And thus medallion owners collect economic rent on their
               | artificially scarce resource, distorting the free market.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_rent
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | > The driver can't scam the passenger
               | 
               | > The passenger can't scam the driver.
               | 
               | Progress! Uber scams both passenger _and_ driver. Hooray
               | for Free Markets(tm)!
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | Under what definition of "scam" is that the case?
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | https://locusmag.com/2024/05/cory-doctorow-no-one-is-the-
               | ens...
        
               | nayuki wrote:
               | > Uber scams both passenger and driver.
               | 
               | Then why do people keep using it? It seems like a pretty
               | transactional relationship to me. If drivers aren't
               | getting paid as much as they wanted, they should find
               | another job with a higher price. If passengers are paying
               | more than they wanted, then they should find another way
               | to call a taxi with a lower price.
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | > they should find another way to call a taxi with a
               | lower price.
               | 
               | like what? Uber's business plan was always about
               | eliminating competition. The company successfully did so
               | by undercutting prices, only to jack them up when they
               | had the market to themselves. There is no Free Market
               | Fairy way to fix that.
        
               | andrewaylett wrote:
               | Meanwhile, in places with sensible rules about taxis and
               | private hire, the only thing that Uber did was make it
               | easier for people to break the rules. And rack up an
               | enormous tax bill that they somehow believed they'd be
               | able to get out of paying.
               | 
               | https://www.londonreconnections.com/2021/uber-loses-
               | appeal-a...
        
               | harrison_clarke wrote:
               | in my experience, taxi quality varies wildly depending on
               | where you are
               | 
               | in bay area, it absolutely makes sense to invent uber,
               | because the taxis were awful. and in vancouver (canada),
               | they're also awful, and deserve the disruption: they
               | would often tell you it'd be a 40 minute wait, and then
               | just not show up
               | 
               | taxis in new york were and continue to be totally fine.
               | you just stand outside and get in ~20 seconds later, with
               | no hassles or apps. i've been in an uber/lyft a handful
               | of times in nyc, but they're just worse (possibly
               | cheaper, but the subway also gives them stiff
               | competition, and i don't care that much if i'm in enough
               | of a hurry to take a cab)
        
               | selectodude wrote:
               | >taxis in new york were and continue to be totally fine.
               | you just stand outside and get in ~20 seconds later, with
               | no hassles or apps
               | 
               | Unless you weren't white, or you wanted to leave
               | Manhattan (or even go north of 96th street). Otherwise,
               | yeah I guess they were okay.
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | > taxis in new york were and continue to be totally fine.
               | you just stand outside and get in ~20 seconds later, with
               | no hassles or apps.
               | 
               | This is only true in a small subset of New York.
        
               | avidiax wrote:
               | Vancouver was a great example of the corruption inherent
               | in monopolies. Vancouver had neither Lyft nor Uber until
               | 2020. I heard (internally, when I used to work for Uber)
               | that the reason is that some politicians there had a
               | personal stake in the taxis, so they got a $50 minimum
               | fare passed for all booked rides.
               | 
               | The thing that Uber and Lyft really provided was a
               | surveillance economy to keep both the drivers and riders
               | somewhat in-line. Without it, every ride is an almost
               | anonymous one-shot transaction with almost no recourse on
               | one side, so the game theory suggests that service only
               | has to be good enough that the police aren't called.
               | 
               | https://www.urbanyvr.com/uber-lyft-vancouver-launches/
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | Speed had a lot to do with this as well.
               | 
               | VC funding allowed them to move quickly enough that they
               | got to a scale where they could afford legal and lobbying
               | protection when challenges eventually happened.
        
               | johnebgd wrote:
               | I rooted for Uber to smash the Taxi cartels. Let us not
               | forget that Taxi Cartels were also insidious beasts. Taxi
               | drivers abused their walled garden with their price
               | gouging by taking longer routes, refusal to take a credit
               | card, and extremely poorly maintained fleets of vehicles.
               | I have had mostly good experiences with Uber, whereas I
               | had experiences that mostly bordered on general
               | condescension toward me whenever I took a ride in a Taxi.
               | I am glad the political will to block Uber never
               | materialized.
        
               | walrus01 wrote:
               | What's interesting is that in many cities now, Uber and
               | Lyft are in fact _more expensive_ than taxis. And the
               | experience is equally mediocre. The pendulum has swung
               | back the other way. The only thing they have going for
               | them now is the app based convenience, which is eroding
               | as more  "yellow cab" type traditional taxis band
               | together and get set up with their own sort of city-
               | specific app.
        
               | gardnr wrote:
               | I remember calling a taxi 3 hours before my flight to get
               | to SFO. After an hour and four different phone calls to
               | the taxi company, I took BART and barely made it before
               | the counter closed.
               | 
               | The feedback system incentivizes drivers and riders to
               | behave.
        
               | GuB-42 wrote:
               | This is getting off-topic, but I am curious, why didn't
               | you go with BART in the first place? If you had an hour
               | to call the taxi company and still arrive in time,
               | presumably, you had more than enough time.
               | 
               | I know there are reasons for not going with public
               | transport, but preferring to take a taxi/uber when a
               | train line can get you there in time maybe has more to
               | say about public transport than about taxis. Well
               | functioning rail is typically one of the most effective
               | and reliable way of getting to an airport, and often much
               | cheaper than taxis.
        
               | godot wrote:
               | Not OP but many many reasons. If you have the money and
               | you prefer comfort (and/or have kids along) taking a
               | taxi/uber/etc. is much more preferable than dragging
               | several (probably heavy) luggages up and down platforms
               | (elevators may or may not work), walking long paths, etc.
               | especially when you consider the alternative is simply
               | putting luggages in a trunk, sit down and relax, and most
               | likely get there faster. And all of this is before we
               | even talk about any safety issues with BART.
        
               | rangestransform wrote:
               | I refuse to take public transit with a checked bag until
               | the NYC subway has 99.9% escalator uptime and escalators
               | at every station, realistically possible with redundant
               | escalators. We will never have nice things as long as we
               | let the trade unions bend us over
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | I've waited an hour for a Lyft while driver after driver
               | accepted then canceled the ride. Ridesharing does not
               | have great reliability either.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | The price people are willing to pay sets how nice a cab
               | fleet can be while still turning a profit.
               | 
               | Same reason you don't see landscaping crews filled out
               | with stellar employees.
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | > What's interesting is that in many cities now, Uber and
               | Lyft are in fact more expensive than taxis. And the
               | experience is equally mediocre.
               | 
               | That, of course, was the plan all along. Such august
               | figures as JP Morgan, Cornelius Vanderbilt, John D.
               | Rockefeller,and Andrew Carnegie all made their fortune by
               | undercutting the competition, putting them out of
               | business through means legal and otherwise, and finally
               | monopolizing the markets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R
               | obber_baron_(industrialist)
        
               | oremolten wrote:
               | It does always seem like a race to the bottom.
        
               | phil21 wrote:
               | > What's interesting is that in many cities now, Uber and
               | Lyft are in fact more expensive than taxis.
               | 
               | Sure, agreed.
               | 
               | > And the experience is equally mediocre.
               | 
               | Absolutely not. I regret using a taxi nearly every time I
               | opt for the cheaper option. It's only the "better" choice
               | if you happen to be standing right in front of one. This
               | experience is nearly universal no matter where I travel.
               | 
               | I think people really forget how utterly terrible Taxis
               | were pre-Uber. I have no idea about competing apps these
               | days, maybe they are similar to Uber, but the typical
               | Taxi experience is nearly as awful as it's always been at
               | least in the US.
               | 
               | Uber/Lyft certainly has gotten worse - but at least I can
               | fairly reliably get a car when I need it with reasonable
               | reliability. The rest of the "soft" product or pricing I
               | really care far, far, less about than that simple fact.
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | > _the typical Taxi experience is nearly as awful as it
               | 's always been at least in the US_
               | 
               | It seems impossible/problematic to generalize the taxi
               | experience to "The US".
               | 
               | If you're in a city center, cabs can be far easier. The
               | number of times I've ordered an Uber or Lyft and
               | regretted it while watching taxi after taxi drive by has
               | been increasing. But I expect the Chicago loop experience
               | to be quite different from say, the suburbs.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | > quite different from say, the suburbs.
               | 
               | My small rural town of 9000 people had multiple taxi
               | services that poorer people relied on to do even their
               | grocery shopping. We didn't need "disruption"
               | 
               | Tech bros generalizing a negative experience from NYC or
               | SV to the entire US has been so stupid.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | It's not really that surprising when the cities are
               | passing laws to try to turn Uber back into the taxi
               | cartel by e.g. making it harder for them to use part-time
               | and on-demand contract drivers. The way you get the price
               | down is by reducing friction, increasing flexibility and
               | supply and taking advantage of efficiencies like people
               | willing to do a dozen rides a week during surge pricing
               | without making it a full-time job. Pass bad laws that
               | make things more rigid and they get more expensive.
        
               | rangestransform wrote:
               | Last time I used curb, the cabbie told me that the curb
               | payment wasn't working and I had to Zelle him, ended up
               | needing to report the driver to Curb to get my money
               | back. Shoulda taken an uber!
        
               | burningion wrote:
               | This argument ignores the fact that there were other
               | alternatives to Uber at the time, ones that didn't break
               | the law! Believe it or not, there were multiple ride
               | hailing apps on the iPhone, but none were as great at
               | accumulating capital or breaking the law without
               | recourse.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | The laws they allegedly broke were the taxi medallion
               | cartel laws, which were the things keeping taxis terrible
               | by limiting supply and competition. And those laws in
               | general apply to the drivers rather than the ride hailing
               | service. There is also a lot of ambiguity there, e.g. if
               | you have a ride sharing service where people go on the
               | app to find people to carpool with on a trip they'd be
               | making anyway and then contribute gas money, is that a
               | taxi service?
               | 
               | But the taxi services obviously hated the competition and
               | waged a continuing media campaign to paint the renegades
               | as the villains.
        
               | burningion wrote:
               | No, these are not only the laws they allegedly broke.
               | 
               | They created a project named Greyball to identify law
               | enforcement and mislead them.
               | 
               | They created a kill switch for the event of a government
               | raid to gather evidence.
               | 
               | They ordered and then canceled rides on competitor apps.
               | 
               | They tracked journalists and politicians...
               | 
               | The list goes on and on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co
               | ntroversies_surrounding_Uber
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | Several of those things aren't even necessarily illegal
               | and are the sort of things they shouldn't have had have
               | any _reason_ to do unless they were being targeted by a
               | media campaign or captured government. There is also some
               | dispute about whether some of those even happened or are
               | just mischaracterizations from the media campaign.
               | 
               | It's like saying "well, they weren't only violating the
               | taxi medallion cartel laws, they were also violating laws
               | against evading enforcement of the taxi medallion cartel
               | laws". There is a central cause here.
        
               | ok_dad wrote:
               | Move the goalposts any more and they're going to be
               | outside the stadium. What laws matter to you? I agree
               | there are shit laws but why can uber break them with
               | impunity but individuals are jailed for smoking some fun
               | lettuce?
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | The question you should be asking is, what do you want to
               | do about it? Throw the people challenging the taxi
               | cartels in prison, or get rid of the laws against fun
               | lettuce?
        
               | ok_dad wrote:
               | Something else, I'm not sure what yet. Honestly, I'm not
               | the best guy to ask but I know that I don't want startups
               | to continue breaking laws with impunity and I don't want
               | individuals to get imprisoned for stuff they do that
               | isn't affecting others in a meaningful way.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | There isn't really a something else. You have bad laws
               | that are in practice only enforced against the little
               | guy. You could demand they also be enforced against the
               | big guy, but that's hard to do when they're bad laws,
               | isn't really a great outcome because they're bad laws,
               | and its primary benefit would be in service of calling
               | attention to the flaw so the bad laws can be repealed.
               | And then maybe you should just start there to begin with.
        
               | BrenBarn wrote:
               | That is partly true, but it's also true that vastly
               | increased enforcement against the big guys would still be
               | better than what we have now.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | Suppose that the status quo is the worst option, the
               | second worst is enforcing the bad laws against the big
               | guys, the best is getting rid of those laws.
               | 
               | Now, that might not be the case. _Given the existence of
               | bad laws_ , having someone who is able to break out of
               | the bad cage might be better than if no one can, but
               | let's consider what happens if we assume that it's worse.
               | 
               | Regardless of how they're ranked relative to each other,
               | you would only pick either of the two worse options over
               | the best if it was easier to do it. But getting bad laws
               | enforced against well-heeled players is actually the
               | hardest thing to do because they're doing something
               | sympathetic and have the resources to fight, which is
               | harder to do than repealing the bad laws.
        
               | BrenBarn wrote:
               | I don't agree. Getting more comprehensive enforcement of
               | laws in general against well-heeled players is a good
               | thing. We would have a lot less bad law if laws were
               | enforced more evenly, because people would more quickly
               | see their true effects, rather than having to wait until
               | companies exploited the loopholes in enforcement so
               | egregiously.
               | 
               | (I also don't agree that the only problem here is bad
               | laws. Yes, some of the laws that big players break are
               | bad; some are fine. I'm not just talking about Uber
               | here.)
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > Getting more comprehensive enforcement of laws in
               | general against well-heeled players is a good thing.
               | 
               | Whether something is good independent of what it takes to
               | achieve it is a separate question from whether that's
               | where you should focus your efforts.
               | 
               | > We would have a lot less bad law if laws were enforced
               | more evenly, because people would more quickly see their
               | true effects, rather than having to wait until companies
               | exploited the loopholes in enforcement so egregiously.
               | 
               | Which is exactly why it's so hard to do it. The status
               | quo is: Pass lots of laws that make everything illegal so
               | that anyone without resources can be brought up on
               | charges if they ruffle the wrong feathers. If you wanted
               | to actually enforce all of those laws, they would
               | immediately have to be repealed or _everyone_ would be in
               | jail. Which isn 't in the interests of the people who
               | want to keep them on the books to use for selective
               | enforcement, so they don't enforce them that way in order
               | to keep them on the books.
               | 
               | The consequence is that it takes even more political
               | capital to have those laws rigorously enforced than to
               | have them repealed, because then you have to fight _both_
               | the big guys who don 't want short-term enforcement
               | against themselves and the autocrats who don't want to
               | long-term have the laws repealed, instead of only the
               | latter.
               | 
               | > I also don't agree that the only problem here is bad
               | laws.
               | 
               | When laws are enforced against the little guys but not
               | the big guys, it's _usually_ because they 're bad laws,
               | because letting the rich openly get away with literal
               | murder is highly unpopular.
               | 
               | The most significant category of good laws that big
               | companies regularly violate with impunity is antitrust
               | laws, but those also don't often get enforced against the
               | little guy because the little guy isn't even in a
               | position to violate them.
        
               | opello wrote:
               | Why isn't at least one of those things actually
               | addressing (disbanding, regulating, whatever--left to
               | people experienced in policy or with context to have some
               | remediation plan) those taxi cartels' behavior?
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | The argument is that getting rid of the bad laws is
               | better than enforcing them more rigorously. This can be
               | applied to the laws propping up the taxi medallion
               | cartels as well as the ones prohibiting personal drug
               | use. Then anyone (not just Uber) could compete with them
               | and thereby disband the taxi cartels previously using
               | those laws to constrain competition.
        
               | thwarted wrote:
               | Because more money and special interests are behind fun
               | lettuce smoking enforcement than local taxi companies
               | could put behind protecting their own cartel from
               | interlopers. If the taxi companies had more money to dump
               | on politicians than is poured into drug enforcement, then
               | the priorities would have changed.
        
               | ok_dad wrote:
               | The best thing to ever happen to corpo scum was that
               | social media took over most of the news. Now there's no
               | trusted journalists to write a big article about this
               | kind of stuff, instead folks just defend the corpo scum's
               | actions and spread lies for them, while the truth is
               | still putting on its shoes.
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | Taxi Medallion laws were also a Reputation Engine that
               | was _publicly queryable_ , subject to FOIA laws and
               | generally had easy to search public databases for them,
               | with detailed notes. Sure Uber/Lyft boil that into a
               | "friendly" 5-star UI, but do you have any idea what data
               | contributed to that star rating? Do you always trust the
               | algorithms that compute them from a bucket of metrics you
               | can't directly request?
               | 
               | Sure, Medallion laws had problems, and got Regulatory
               | Captured in _some_ cities to also become terrible Trusts
               | controlling prices that needed busting. But the answer to
               | "fix the Regulation" isn't always "break the Regulation",
               | and the Regulation had a lot of good intent of having
               | public accessible information about drivers and that data
               | not just owned by a single company and locked in their
               | opaque algorithms. It might have been nicer to fix the
               | Regulatory Capture and Bust the Trusts.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > Taxi Medallion laws were also a Reputation Engine that
               | was _publicly queryable_ , subject to FOIA laws and
               | generally had easy to search public databases for them,
               | with detailed notes.
               | 
               | You just landed at the airport and need a cab. You fax
               | your FOIA requests for each of the hundred cab companies
               | in the area, which they're required to provide within 20
               | business days. Your return flight is in 3 days and it
               | would be nice to leave the airport before then.
               | 
               | > Sure Uber/Lyft boil that into a "friendly" 5-star UI,
               | but do you have any idea what data contributed to that
               | star rating? Do you always trust the algorithms that
               | compute them from a bucket of metrics you can't directly
               | request?
               | 
               | So compete with them instead of banning them. Fund an
               | open source ride hailing app with open data. Don't
               | require anyone to use it. If it's better, they will. If
               | it's not better, why should they be forced to?
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | > You just landed at the airport and need a cab. You fax
               | your FOIA requests for each of the hundred cab companies
               | in the area, which they're required to provide within 20
               | business days. Your return flight is in 3 days and it
               | would be nice to leave the airport before then.
               | 
               | If you just landed at the airport, you rely on police
               | enforcement keeping bad actors from having medallions.
               | The medallion itself _is_ the primary  "this person is a
               | reputable cab driver". That's also entirely why the
               | Regulatory Capture in some cities was so effective in
               | controlling supply of medallions, because it was city
               | police enforced.
               | 
               | Many cities required taxis to have their medallion number
               | painted on the outside, and there were phone numbers you
               | could quickly call (in the days of payphones even) to get
               | quick information about a medallion or to report a
               | complaint/problem with one.
               | 
               | Today a few cities have updated that external paint
               | requirement (and inside the car medallion papers) to
               | include QR codes for even quicker lookup on modern phones
               | or to even use an app to do nice things like pay for the
               | Taxi without needing to broker/negotiate it. Those kind
               | of technological improvements have kind of gotten lost in
               | the wash of the speed of which Uber/Lyft moved fast and
               | broke things, but were always possible.
               | 
               | > So compete with them instead of banning them. Fund an
               | open source ride hailing app with open data. Don't
               | require anyone to use it. If it's better, they will. If
               | it's not better, why should they be forced to?
               | 
               | The history of taxi companies say that they are only as
               | open as they are forced to be. I never said anything
               | about banning Uber/Lyft. Competition is not the problem;
               | destroying public safety regulations in the name of
               | competition is the problem. I said that Uber/Lyft should
               | have been required to do the same or similar paperwork
               | that medallions represent, that both of their data should
               | be open under the previously existing laws, as a public
               | good. Break the artificial scarcity, sure, give Uber/Lyft
               | a license to "print medallions" if that breaks existing
               | Trusts. But get that data open and available to the
               | public (and enforceable by the public's law enforcement).
               | Neither would want to do that because their rating
               | systems are secret sauce and "competitive advantage",
               | they would need to be coerced by regulations. That's what
               | regulations are _for_ , the public good that competition
               | doesn't care about/can't care about/needs to keep "secret
               | sauce" for advantages.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > If you just landed at the airport, you rely on police
               | enforcement keeping bad actors from having medallions.
               | 
               | Well that's not going to work. You now have people from
               | outside the jurisdiction having a government they didn't
               | elect cast in the role of their protectors. Instead what
               | happens is the local government protects the incumbents,
               | which is what we've seen in practice.
               | 
               | > Many cities required taxis to have their medallion
               | number painted on the outside, and there were phone
               | numbers you could quickly call (in the days of payphones
               | even) to get quick information about a medallion or to
               | report a complaint/problem with one.
               | 
               | As opposed to the license plates already on all cars?
               | 
               | > The history of taxi companies say that they are only as
               | open as they are forced to be.
               | 
               | People keep trying to regard Uber as a taxi company. They
               | keep claiming to be an app, because... they are. So
               | replace the app with an open source one. Create an
               | independent non-profit to handle payments and maintain a
               | server to hold the driver ratings and take a small cut of
               | the payments to cover its costs. Operate it as a live
               | auction where drivers list how much they'll charge per
               | mile and riders pick a driver based on their rating and
               | price. Publish all the data.
               | 
               | If you do it well, people will use it voluntarily. If you
               | do it poorly, you haven't demonstrated enough competence
               | to be trusted making regulations that people would have
               | to follow even if they're dumb.
               | 
               | > Competition is not the problem; destroying public
               | safety regulations in the name of competition is the
               | problem.
               | 
               | The problem is that incumbents call the things they use
               | to destroy competition "public safety regulations".
               | 
               | > Neither would want to do that because their rating
               | systems are secret sauce and "competitive advantage",
               | they would need to be coerced by regulations.
               | 
               | Not when you can "coerce" them through competition. If
               | people like the ratings system which is more open or the
               | one that extracts lower margins and the app is otherwise
               | fungible with theirs, they don't even exist unless they
               | can be better than the competing system you created to do
               | better, which implies that you failed to actually do
               | better and then they're _supposed_ to win. Which in turn
               | applies pressure on the public system to do better
               | itself, instead of getting captured, because if it gets
               | captured then it becomes uncompetitive and actually has
               | competition.
        
               | standyro wrote:
               | Let's recap the past: Taxis were borderline unusable in
               | almost all American cities before Uber (except for NYC)
               | 
               | I certainly didn't love their ruthless business
               | practices, but let's not delude ourselves and admit that
               | Uber or Lyft wouldn't exist if they didn't break the laws
               | around taxi medallions.
               | 
               | Sometimes laws do more harm than good (by limiting supply
               | and slowing innovation) and it requires creatively
               | skirting regulations.
               | 
               | Things were always possible to improve the taxi industry.
               | Smartphones had been around a few years. But it would've
               | taken the industry 20 years to implement it correctly. In
               | the same way that rampant music and movie piracy in the
               | early 2000s hastened the development of iTunes and
               | Netflix's subscription model way of doing business.
               | 
               | Uber shows the driver's name, their photo, and has a
               | process for flagging drivers. Public safety is important
               | to their business. As someone who's driven an Uber and
               | Lyft and been through their process, I've seen it
               | firsthand.
               | 
               | It's not like "medallions" worked - I remember driving in
               | multiple taxis in pre 2010 days where the photo DID NOT
               | MATCH UP to the driver. My high school physics teacher
               | who grew up in Brooklyn in the late 1970s told stories
               | about how he learned how to drive by illegally working
               | and driving taxis around as a 15 year old.
               | 
               | Right now, we're just going through the same thing with
               | AI again, and Silicon Valley is applying it's ethos of
               | the past few decades.
               | 
               | There are reasons why in various industries, China is
               | "winning the race", so to speak.
               | 
               | Regulations exist, but sometimes people who creatively
               | ignore the "regulations" can win the tide of the public.
               | It's one of America's best (and incredibly divisive)
               | cultural capabilities.
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | > Let's recap the past: Taxis were borderline unusable in
               | almost all American cities before Uber (except for NYC)
               | 
               | My experience was very different and "almost all" doesn't
               | feel correct. It's certainly fun hyperbole. NYC the
               | systems worked more than they didn't. In part because of
               | spot lights from famous TV shows and 70s corruption
               | documentaries/news exposes. Most smaller cities the taxis
               | quietly worked with little corruption and a lot of
               | trustworthiness. In the early oughts I had good
               | experiences hailing cabs in cities a lot smaller than NYC
               | that people didn't believe you could even hail cabs in.
               | 
               | Because Taxi regulations were so wildly different from
               | cities, it's hard to generalize what the experience used
               | to be. It varied a lot from city to city and was a
               | massive spectrum, with a few national certainties like
               | some of the big Franchises to help smooth things a bit.
               | 
               | > I certainly didn't love their ruthless business
               | practices, but let's not delude ourselves and admit that
               | Uber or Lyft wouldn't exist if they didn't break the laws
               | around taxi medallions.
               | 
               | In the early oughts, a few cities like Seattle were
               | pressuring the big national Franchise companies like
               | Yellow Cab through a mixture of regulatory body pressure
               | (but not actual laws) and bottom up consumer
               | messaging/volume customer requirements to move to
               | "Computer Dispatch". There was a growing competition in
               | that space, and a bunch of innovation happening between
               | the competitors, including some of the things Uber and
               | Lyft take credit for today because Yellow Cab mostly
               | broke apart in the onslaught of VC subsidization and rule
               | breaking.
               | 
               | I don't think it would have taken "20 years" to implement
               | it "correctly". We don't know because the whole thing got
               | disrupted so sideways by the gig economy. (Which also
               | really didn't care about making the taxi business better,
               | but about making the labor market worse. We should also
               | not forget that breaking the worst parts of taxi
               | medallion laws also broke the good ones that helped build
               | useful labor-side things like taxi driver unions and paid
               | for things like healthcare.)
               | 
               | All I'm saying is that there _was_ a path that this could
               | have all been done under the old regulations, legally. It
               | 's a path not taken here, and probably to our detriment.
               | Though I can't prove that just as much as you can't prove
               | that innovations like smarter apps would have taken "20
               | years" in that other timeline.
        
               | averageRoyalty wrote:
               | You understand they're a global company and broke many
               | laws in many countries, right?
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | The only alternative I remember is "black car" services,
               | eg airport limos and the like. But there was very little
               | automation around it; you had to speak on the phone with
               | someone to book, and it was always like 24+ hours out
               | rather than "go to the place now" the way a cab is.
        
               | kmoser wrote:
               | Most taxi services will send a car to your address
               | immediately, no reservation required. Problem is, you
               | have to know the exact address where you want to be
               | picked up, which can sometimes be difficult to determine
               | if you're new in town and/or standing on a street with no
               | obvious sign or address, e.g. on the edge of a large
               | university campus. That's where GPS-driven apps really
               | shine, plus the ability to see the car's location in near
               | real-time, and why I will never be sad at the demise of
               | traditional way of having to call a cab.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | Indeed, but I was referring specifically to the charge
               | that taxi _alternatives_ (eg, outside the medallion
               | system) existed pre-Uber. And I think, they did, but only
               | in very limited use cases like airport shuttles, and not
               | with fleets anywhere near large enough to have a car five
               | minutes from anywhere at all times-- hence the need to
               | book those things ahead.
        
               | brisky wrote:
               | It is possible that digitization and improvement of taxi
               | services was inevitable anyway
        
               | ToucanLoucan wrote:
               | Not only was it inevitable, if we were so inclined and
               | willing to use the regulatory pen, we could've simply
               | written into law that for Taxi's to operate, they must be
               | well maintained and must accept all major forms of
               | payment. And yeah, the Taxi industry would've fought it
               | because every company ever has fought every regulation
               | ever no matter how much it stands to benefit both their
               | customers _and they them-fucking-selves_ but companies
               | having a say in how they are regulated is both how a Taxi
               | company would fight this, _and_ how Uber, AirBnb, OpenAI,
               | Meta, etc. blatantly and flagrantly violate the law and
               | instead of consequences, they get fines, and court
               | hearings. So maybe we just shouldn 't be allowing that?
               | 
               | It drives me up the goddamn wall how people will say shit
               | like "the Taxi industry needed to be upended" when
               | like... I mean, maybe? But on balance, given all the
               | negative externalities associated with these companies,
               | are they really a gain? Or are they just a different set
               | of overlords, equally disinterested in providing a good
               | service once they reach the scale where they no longer
               | are required to give a shit?
               | 
               | Just... regulate the fuckers. Are you sick of filthy
               | Taxis that break down? Put a regulation down that says if
               | a cab breaks down during a trip, they owe the customer a
               | free ride and five thousand dollars. You bet your ASS
               | those cabs will be serviced as soon as humanly possible.
               | This isn't rocket science y'all. Make whatever
               | consequence the government is going to dispense
               | immeasurably, clearly worse than whatever the business is
               | trying to weasel out of doing, and boom. Solved.
        
               | drdaeman wrote:
               | > Just... regulate the fuckers.
               | 
               | That's true, however we must also keep in mind that Uber
               | (and alikes) happened because regular institutions failed
               | to do this for some reason or another. I won't try to
               | speculate why, because I have no idea (and of course it
               | looks obvious in the hindsight).
               | 
               | There was a demand for safer and more reliable taxis.
               | There was not enough supply for that. Government haven't
               | paid enough attention to the sector. So, naturally,
               | someone came and used that whole situation to provide
               | supply for this demand.
               | 
               | Of course it's not this simple, and there were a lot of
               | other things going on. But if we narrow the scope down to
               | just this, then we can see that the core problem here
               | wasn't Uber, it was that that governments were too slow
               | to react in time.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > Not only was it inevitable, if we were so inclined and
               | willing to use the regulatory pen, we could've simply
               | written into law that for Taxi's to operate, they must be
               | well maintained and must accept all major forms of
               | payment.
               | 
               | That was frequently already the case. They were required
               | to accept credit cards but then the card reader would be
               | "broken" and it wasn't worth anybody's time to dispute it
               | instead of just paying in cash.
               | 
               | You also... don't really want laws like that. They're
               | required to accept "all payment methods", which ones? Do
               | they have to take American Express, even though the fees
               | are much higher? Do they have to take PayPal if the
               | customer has funds in a PayPal account? What about niche
               | card networks like store cards accepted at more than one
               | merchant? If _not_ those and just Visa and Mastercard,
               | you now have a law entrenching that duopoly in the law.
               | 
               | > Are you sick of filthy Taxis that break down? Put a
               | regulation down that says if a cab breaks down during a
               | trip, they owe the customer a free ride and five thousand
               | dollars. You bet your ASS those cabs will be serviced as
               | soon as humanly possible. This isn't rocket science
               | y'all.
               | 
               | It's not rocket science, it's trade offs.
               | 
               | Is there a $5000 fine for a breakdown? You just made cab
               | service much more expensive, because they're either going
               | to have to pay the fines as a cost of doing business and
               | then pass them on, or propylactically do excessive
               | maintenance like doing full engine rebuilds every year
               | because it costs less than getting caught out once, and
               | then passing on the cost of that. And even then, there is
               | no such thing as perfect. The cabbie paid to have the
               | whole engine rebuilt by the dealership just yesterday and
               | the dealer under-tightened one of the bolts when putting
               | it back in, so there's a coolant leak? Normally that's
               | just re-tightening the bolt and $20 worth of coolant, but
               | now it's a $5000 fine on top of the $4000 engine rebuild.
               | 
               | The way you actually want to solve this is with
               | competition, not rigid rules and onerous fines. If
               | someone is always having breakdowns then they get bad
               | rating, customers can see that when choosing and then opt
               | for a different driver that costs slightly more -- but
               | only if the cost is worth the difference to them. Maybe
               | it's worth $2 for the difference between two stars and
               | five but it isn't worth $50 for the difference between
               | 4.7 and 4.8. Either way you shouldn't be deciding for
               | people, you should be giving them the choice.
        
               | rangestransform wrote:
               | I would rather ruin the taxi livelihood than have to
               | argue with my driver about turning on the meter again
        
               | clarkmoody wrote:
               | Possible, yes. Probable?
        
               | rangestransform wrote:
               | They still haven't properly digitized, curb sucks ass, I
               | had to report a driver to curb when he made me Zelle him
               | because "curb payment wasn't working"
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | The solution to that would not have been rabid capitalism
               | just bulldozing over laws because the laws suck and
               | further entrenching that "laws only matter for the poor".
               | 
               | The solution to the pre-Uber state of the taxi industry
               | would be to actually have the regulations authorities
               | enforce the regulation. But it seems across the Western
               | world that having regulations authorities do their job
               | and regulate is like the devil and holy water.
               | 
               | Additionally, in some cases the regulations themselves
               | were crap.
        
               | Domenic_S wrote:
               | Let's not pretend that the taxi situation was hunkey-dory
               | before big-bad-tech came onto the scene. There's no
               | regulation that says if I call dispatch to request a taxi
               | one has to show up, and "we'll pick you up when we pick
               | you up" was (and is still) a common mode of operation.
               | 
               | In NYC, it was (is?) against the law to hail a black car
               | on the street, even if they were sitting there ready
               | willing and able to drive you, because the taxi cartel
               | got _regulations_ to make it that way.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > In NYC, it was (is?) against the law to hail a black
               | car on the street, even if they were sitting there ready
               | willing and able to drive you, because the taxi cartel
               | got _regulations_ to make it that way.
               | 
               | That's precisely what I meant with "in some cases the
               | regulations themselves were crap". But that doesn't imply
               | the idea of regulation is bad - it is saying that maybe
               | voters should make their voice clear to lawmakers and
               | parties to get stuff changed. Regulation can only be as
               | good or bad as the voters allow it to be.
        
               | thatcat wrote:
               | Political will shouldn't be required to enforce existing
               | law. If i started a 1 man illegal taxi service it would
               | be shut down even though it has little effect on the
               | community, but saudi vc funded startup wasn't shut down
               | even though it violated laws in every major city. That is
               | a weird asymmetry as a us citizen.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | What's really happening here is that the laws are
               | supposed to _reflect_ the political will, i.e. the will
               | of the people, but in many cases they don 't, because the
               | lawmakers have been captured by incumbents.
               | 
               | Then if a little guy comes in and tries to challenge
               | them, they don't have the resources to resist the
               | incumbents' pocket government officials and get
               | destroyed. But if a big fish does it, people actually
               | notice if the government tries to enforce stupid laws
               | against them, and then government officials are afraid to
               | do it because the public would not only not like it but
               | _actually notice the unreasonableness of the law_.
               | 
               | But the problem here isn't that the law _isn 't_ being
               | enforced against a well-heeled challenger, it's that
               | those laws _exist_ to be enforced against the little guy,
               | when they should instead be repealed.
        
               | thatcat wrote:
               | i will simply disagree that the dominant social dynamic
               | leading to this favoring of foriegn capital over us law
               | is not systemic corruption.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | So there are two different categories of things here. One
               | is, they ban cannabis and put individuals in prison for
               | it, but then if you pay thousands a year for overpriced
               | health insurance and the insurance pays thousands of
               | dollars for a doctor to ask you some cursory questions
               | and a pharma company to manufacture the drug, you can get
               | a prescription for opioids, which are way more dangerous.
               | But that isn't the big guys violating the law, it's them
               | _following_ a law that they bought and paid for. That 's
               | bad in a different way.
               | 
               | The relevant thing here would be that they pass excessive
               | copyright laws, but then Meta violates them and maybe
               | gets away with it because they're doing it in a
               | sympathetic way and the government doesn't want to
               | hamstring emerging industries in their country, whereas
               | if an individual would be sued into oblivion even if the
               | thing they were doing was equally sympathetic.
               | 
               | Because it's not just about the public noticing it, it's
               | about the public noticing it in time to do something
               | about it. If an individual gets sued or arrested, they're
               | _immediately_ screwed and will be under pressure to
               | settle or plea bargain before they 're bankrupted by
               | legal fees. But once they do, the case is over. Whereas
               | large companies can fight, or pay lawyers to stall while
               | they wage a media campaign to counter the usual imperious
               | press releases from the prosecution, or use their money
               | to lobby the government while public opinion is in their
               | favor.
        
               | arp242 wrote:
               | It really screwed over a lot of regular working-class
               | people. In some European cities getting a taxi license
               | was a serious monetary investment. People took our huge
               | loans for this. This was now suddenly worthless. It's
               | like being told your very expensive university education
               | is no longer accredited, but the student loan still
               | exists. kthxbye.
               | 
               | I'm not saying the existing systems were always good
               | (they weren't), but you need to be willing to overlook a
               | lot of real-world suffering to be "rooting for Uber".
               | Phrases like "taxi cartels" sound nice, but they're
               | hardly neutral phrasings that simplify things to the
               | point of being useless phrases.
               | 
               | And "I'm just going to willingly and knowingly ignore
               | laws I don't like for personal profit" is not a great
               | take-away either. This isn't Aaron Swartz breaking a law
               | as a matter of "civil disobedience" - it's just a plain
               | "how can we make money?"
               | 
               | And where does that leave competitors who are NOT willing
               | to break the law? It's an unlevel playing field; there
               | can be no free market if some people don't need to follow
               | the same set of rules. Uber's actions are fundamentally
               | anti-capitalist and anti-free market.
        
               | 6510 wrote:
               | I always tell the story of this restaurant 18 km from my
               | house. If I order their cheapest 6 euro hamburger they
               | deliver it for free within 30 minutes. If I take a taxi
               | to the restaurant I may have to wait for an hour and it
               | costs about 100 euro and another 100 to get back.
        
               | decimalenough wrote:
               | There is no way anybody is making a profit on driving 36
               | km to deliver a hamburger for 6 euros, and it's a matter
               | of time until whatever faucet of VC money subsidizing
               | this runs dry.
               | 
               | In much of the world the price of food delivery has risen
               | to the level needed to make it profitable, and it's not
               | cheap. I paid around $10 in fees plus Uber's 30-50%
               | markups on the food itself to get a couple of burritos
               | yesterday from a shop a mile down the road.
        
               | arp242 wrote:
               | I took a ~20 minute 12km taxi ride just last Monday, and
               | it was about EUR22. That's in Ireland. Considering fuel,
               | the drive back for the driver, and that taxis have a lot
               | of downtime, that seems like a reasonable price.
               | 
               | You live in Netherlands according to a recent comment; I
               | can't believe taxis are almost 4x more expensive, unless
               | you're stuck in traffic for a long time, but then your
               | burger can't arrive in 30 mins?
               | 
               | And free delivery on EUR6 food item is almost certainly
               | netting them a loss.
        
               | twelve40 wrote:
               | > getting a taxi license was a serious monetary
               | investment. People took our huge loans for this
               | 
               | it was a terrible system that sucked for everyone
               | involved. For all of Uber's flaws, would you rather go
               | back to that today? really??
        
               | arp242 wrote:
               | > would you rather go back to that today? really??
               | 
               | I absolutely said said no such thing. There are good ways
               | to change things and bad ways to change things. Allowing
               | a private entity reap huge profits by blatantly breaking
               | rules and screwing people is not a good way to change
               | things.
        
               | slashdev wrote:
               | Uber definitely improved things.
               | 
               | When traveling it's also so much safer than taxis.
               | 
               | My brother was robbed at gunpoint in a taxi. My wife had
               | to jump from more than one moving taxi to escape. My ex
               | girlfriend too. My Swiss friend had his camera and wallet
               | stolen.
               | 
               | You can have issues with Uber too, but not as frequently
               | because there's a digital audit trail, you can report
               | them to the platform and the police. The threat of those
               | consequences lead to better behavior.
        
               | kmoser wrote:
               | Were these acts committed by the drivers or somebody
               | else?
        
               | slashdev wrote:
               | Drivers
        
               | leshow wrote:
               | It didn't improve things for the drivers
        
               | slashdev wrote:
               | That's not universally true
        
               | BolexNOLA wrote:
               | Unfortunately now Ubers are exactly the same experience
               | but more expensive/unpredictable. It's only nicer if you
               | spend more on black and such, which makes it easily
               | double a standard cab fare.
        
               | harrison_clarke wrote:
               | shouldn't there be a lot of political will from the
               | traditional hotels and taxis, and their lawyers? i can
               | see that the answer is "no", but i don't know why
               | 
               | especially with hotels, i would have expected there to be
               | small enough oligopoly to overcome the freerider problem
               | (taxis are more regional, so i don't expect them to be
               | able to fight an (inter)national company very easily)
               | 
               | plus the president owning a hotel chain
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | There are a lot more people who own a few properties as
               | investments than there are hotel owners. Even if these
               | people don't plan to rent through Airbnb, the way Airbnb
               | distorts the housing market is still beneficial for their
               | investments. Also, by the time Trump became president
               | Airbnb was already entrenched for years.
        
               | rangestransform wrote:
               | > shouldn't there be a lot of political will from the
               | traditional hotels and taxis, and their lawyers?
               | 
               | Yes there is, I am reminded of this every time I take an
               | uber by the yellow cab medallion buyout fee that I'm
               | charged because of the lobbying power of the TLC lobby in
               | NYC
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | Taxis and hotels suck compared to Airbnb and uber even at
               | the same price, so I find it hard to be upset.
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | Part of the reason Airbnb got a pass must be how
               | profitable it was to people who own many properties,
               | despite the harm it does to the communities of people who
               | only own one property.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > The reason there was no political will to punish Airbnb
               | and Uber for violating the law was that initially they
               | were subsidized with VC money and so were able to
               | undercut traditional hotels and taxis on price.
               | 
               | That's just a trope. They were initially losing money
               | because they had high fixed costs (developing a platform,
               | spending enough on advertising to get a critical mass of
               | people using it), which are long-term investments. If you
               | only spread the cost of the long-term investment over the
               | short-term sales, they were "losing money" in the early
               | years, but that's how all long-term investments work.
               | 
               | Dumping is when you sell below the _unit_ cost, e.g.
               | paying drivers more than you charge customers, which isn
               | 't what they were doing in general. And as long as they
               | _weren 't_ doing that, the incumbents could have
               | responded by lowering their own prices (and therefore
               | margins) without themselves losing money on each sale,
               | which is competition working as intended. Unless the
               | competition is too hidebound to accept a reduction in
               | profits in order to stay competitive or otherwise insists
               | on using a less efficient method of operating, in which
               | case they go under.
        
             | cpursley wrote:
             | The hotel and taxi industry were legit terrible before
             | those two disrupted them.
             | 
             | Laws are ment to be broken. Especially in cronist systems
             | where incumbents write the laws.
        
               | dboreham wrote:
               | Not terrible everywhere.
        
               | 999900000999 wrote:
               | Hotels were just fine.
               | 
               | Taxis were discriminatory and "uncool" to the point were
               | Uber has saved thousands by preventing drunk driving.
               | 
               | Now if you go out with the boys and get drunk, it's a 30
               | second casual call to get an Uber and get home.
               | 
               | Live in a neighborhood Taxis are afraid to service,you
               | can either make some extra income working for Uber or use
               | it yourself. When Ubers used as its intended purpose, to
               | basically make a quick buck, it's a lifeline to many low
               | income people .
               | 
               | Say your rents it's going to be late, you can pick up 20
               | or 30 hours of Uber this month to make it happen. It's
               | not really a career though...
        
               | 4ggr0 wrote:
               | > Say your rents it's going to be late, you can pick up
               | 20 or 30 hours of Uber this month to make it happen
               | 
               | that sounds so incredibly dystopian, not sure if that was
               | the intention :(
        
               | 999900000999 wrote:
               | I forgot to mention, Jitney cabs( unlicensed cabs
               | primarily serving minority neighborhoods)came long before
               | Ubers. They're more of less gone now though.
               | 
               | What's better. Taking out a 300% APR payday loan, getting
               | evicted or working an extra 20, 30 hours of Uber.
        
               | BrandonM wrote:
               | Maybe to you, but I was broke during and shortly after
               | college. If I could have picked up some gig work when I
               | needed it, that would have been a huge help.
        
               | verall wrote:
               | It's super dystopian and it creates bad incentives (the
               | harder the underclass is squeezed the better a product it
               | is for the middle class), but I have to agree that gig
               | work is often a lifeline for poor people.
               | 
               | I consider it similar to access to unsecured credit that
               | way - it's easy to feel like "wow this industry is
               | scamming these people it should be illegal" but people
               | without any other backstop will probably need access to
               | unsecured credit sometime and it's better than losing
               | their house/car/job/pet/family etc..
        
               | gardnr wrote:
               | maintaining a precarious class benefits those in power
        
               | Marsymars wrote:
               | > Say your rents it's going to be late, you can pick up
               | 20 or 30 hours of Uber this month to make it happen.
               | 
               | Maybe... I really don't get how the economics work out
               | here though. If you look at the numbers, it mostly just
               | seems like you're converting car equity into cash via
               | depreciation.
               | 
               | But also, I'd guess that for a big chunk of people who
               | are going to have trouble paying rent with any
               | regularity, they'd have to overpay for their car in the
               | first place to get something that's Uber-appropriate. My
               | car's a couple years too old for Uber now, but is still
               | perfectly functional, and there's just no way the math
               | would work for me to buy a newer car so that I can
               | convert its capital cost into cash via Uber.
        
               | __loam wrote:
               | The level of casual criminality in this industry is
               | astounding sometimes.
        
             | classified wrote:
             | That's what makes a banana republic, and for all intents
             | and purposes the U.S. are exhibit A.
        
               | infamouscow wrote:
               | The purpose of having an executive branch of government
               | is _explicitly_ to apply the law based on subjective
               | opinions.
               | 
               | There's no purpose of having an executive branch of
               | government separate from the other two branches if not to
               | cushion the inflexible and glacial nature of the other
               | branches of government.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | >The purpose of having an executive branch of government
               | is explicitly to apply the law based on subjective
               | opinions.
               | 
               | What? No, the purpose of having a separate executive is
               | _separation_ of powers and checks and balances.
        
               | infamouscow wrote:
               | You haven't explained _why_ there is an executive branch
               | in the first place.
               | 
               | Why does the executive branch exist _at all_ if it 's
               | simply to enforce written law?
               | 
               | Why do we elect the executive _at all_ if they are merely
               | to enforce written law?
               | 
               | Why do executives have the power to pardon someone when a
               | court of law finds a person guilty of breaking law?
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > Why does the executive branch exist at all if it's
               | simply to enforce written law?
               | 
               | Someone has to be in charge of enforcing things.
               | 
               | > Why do we elect the executive at all if they are merely
               | to enforce written law?
               | 
               | Do you have a suggestion of another way to do it that
               | doesn't put congress in charge?
               | 
               | Also the president has some other very important roles.
               | 
               | > Why do executives have the power to pardon someone when
               | a court of law finds a person guilty of breaking law?
               | 
               | That one is definitely subjective by its nature, but also
               | the average number of pardons is around two thousand, a
               | very small fraction of cases.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | The executive exists to enforce the law the legislature
               | writes primarily to make sure the legislature isn't in
               | charge of enforcing the laws. It's a check on the power
               | of the legislature.
               | 
               | You could still have discretion with the legislature in
               | charge of executing on their own laws. I think countries
               | exist like that, but I don't know enough to say which.
               | 
               | A separate executive is not necessary to have discretion
               | or pardons or flexibility in law. A separate executive is
               | _necessary_ if you want physically different human beings
               | controlling the organizations who enforce the law (DOJ,
               | FBI, etc)
               | 
               | Consider that Judges and the judicial branch of the
               | government ALSO gets to use subjectivity and their own
               | opinion in adjudicating cases. Another check.
               | 
               | The entire point of the Constitution was to put the power
               | of a King in a bunch of different hands, and then tie
               | some of those hands with specific constraints, and then
               | give a couple different options on how to change those
               | constraints over time. Leeway and discretion goes both
               | ways, so Congress does have the ability to further
               | constrain such discretion. A previous president tried to
               | argue he could choose to not spend money congress told
               | him to spend, so they wrote up a bill saying very
               | clearly, Uh, no, if we say spend, _you spend_. They have
               | that power as a _check_ on the power of the executive.
               | All three branches are ostensibly MEANT to be vying for
               | power. It 's an antagonistic system, like the court
               | system. The founders loved that shit. In reality, it
               | probably is a dysfunctional system that modern systems
               | engineers would not like, and other countries get that
               | "system fights and moderates itself" effect by
               | encouraging coalitions between parties in a strong
               | parliament. IMO those have demonstrated better stability.
               | I'm not convinced the US would have survived getting it's
               | whole shit blown up like the UK did.
               | 
               | Checks. And. Balances. 5th grade civics class.
        
             | deegles wrote:
             | I've also heard the term "regulatory arbitrage" to describe
             | this.
        
               | turtlesdown11 wrote:
               | its a term used to describe "corporate criminal acts" yes
        
             | pdntspa wrote:
             | This has always been the case. Laws are only as good as
             | their enforcement. This is why the business class is so
             | aggressive about tearing down regulation until they can
             | wield it as a weapon. Do as I say, not as I do, etc etc
             | 
             | If you as an individual can prevent the enforcement of a
             | law, or be sure that it will not be enforced against you,
             | then it does not apply to you.
        
             | CamperBob2 wrote:
             | _Airbnb and Uber have showed us that laws matter only to
             | the extent that the political will to enforce them exists._
             | 
             | Laws matter to the extent that they don't interfere with
             | actual progress. Laws that would have prevented the LLMs we
             | have today from being developed _should_ be ignored, as
             | should laws requiring us to pay tribute to taxi and hotel
             | cartels.
             | 
             | Respect for the law is going to be an increasingly-hard
             | sell going forward, and that's mostly the lawmakers' own
             | fault. When the law does not respect the people, the people
             | will not respect the law.
        
           | censorfree wrote:
           | >This is exactly what I immediately thought while reading the
           | article. It almost feels like the legal system only punishes
           | general public, while most of these guys are above it.
           | 
           | Welcome to the modern day aristocracy. Not only what you
           | mentioned, this world is also divided into a group of insider
           | who can get capital from 0 - 2%, while rest of us has a cost
           | of 17%, 22% or 30%?
        
           | jeffwask wrote:
           | Welcome to the two-tier legal system of the modern world. Why
           | obey the law when the penalty is a rounding error?
        
           | ossobuco wrote:
           | It's an oligarchy, always has been. I don't know how colossal
           | the pile of evidence supporting this has to get before people
           | finally accept it.
        
             | 52-6F-62 wrote:
             | They are paid, handsomely, by it. Or otherwise brainwashed
             | by it. And pummelled into ignorance by it, as they are told
             | that to understand is stupid or delusional, knowledge ends
             | at STEM, and the world only exists for efficient production
             | of capital products.
             | 
             | The poets write laments about such false ages. Prophecies
             | were written about such ages thousands of years ago.
             | 
             | The cycles are larger than us all.
             | 
             | One stable insight is that the chaos breeds possibility,
             | and thus hope. In the meantime, however...
        
             | rixed wrote:
             | Conscious life in general seems possible to me unless our
             | brain tells us a better story than reality.
             | 
             | A story in which we are the hero, in which we are not
             | mortal, in which we are important, in which people care
             | about us, in which we are intelligent and our perceptions
             | rarely fail us, in which our life has a meaning and also in
             | which the social game we play is determined, or at least
             | influenced, by some just principles. We would despair if we
             | were aware of the full extent of our meaninglessness and
             | powerlessness.
             | 
             | I believe that it is the core reason why we love to believe
             | that God/Nature is good, that the king is legitimate and
             | that the laws are fair.
        
           | meeech wrote:
           | At this point, I think it's safe to say it doesn't 'feel'
           | that way. It is that way. Sorry if you were being facetious
           | and I didn't pick up on it.
        
           | gscott wrote:
           | It is more a money thing. Meta can pay x billion like pocket
           | change. Regular people are run through the ringer to teach
           | the plebs to not get out of line.
        
           | jmount wrote:
           | They may have just been the friendly step A. We didn't end up
           | seeing where that was going to go.
        
           | nico wrote:
           | > the legal system only punishes general public, while most
           | of these guys are above it
           | 
           | It's because the legal system is not about justice, it's
           | about money
           | 
           | Most people can't afford lawyers or expensive legal battles
           | 
           | On the other hand, individuals and organizations with a lot
           | of money get to weaponize and exploit the legal system to
           | their advantage
           | 
           | "To my friends, anything; to my enemies, the law"
        
             | btown wrote:
             | At the risk of wading into politics - consider a legal
             | environment, in any country, where laws become increasingly
             | strict, but where prosecutorial discretion, pardon powers,
             | and a justice system designed to allow well-resourced law
             | firms to delay cases indefinitely, are all transparently
             | used for political purposes. Such an environment could
             | easily exhibit a feedback loop that allows justice to be
             | arbitrary and opposition voices to be silenced.
             | 
             | I'll refrain from value judgments on the above - but for
             | heaven's sake, we're on a site called "Hacker News." We
             | should understand that a machine like this could turn on
             | any one of us in an instant for any reason.
        
           | devwastaken wrote:
           | if you get a group of people and call it an llc then criminal
           | elements are largely eliminated.
        
           | bmitc wrote:
           | It's not a feeling. It's exactly what happens. It's
           | completely blatant.
           | 
           | For some reason, whenever you're a billionaire or company,
           | things suddenly get so difficult that you can claim that it's
           | impossible to be held accountable for anything. Murder,
           | insider trading, laundering, treason, etc.
           | 
           | OpenAI complained about this, as did Google and everyone
           | else. If your company can't exist without stealing data, then
           | it's not a viable company. Companies don't have a
           | constitutional right to exist.
        
           | TZubiri wrote:
           | How so? It is still illegal if meta does it, they will face
           | trial.
        
           | yoyohello13 wrote:
           | It's not "almost" like that. The legal system IS that.
        
           | kordlessagain wrote:
           | When individuals are assigned heroic status despite clear
           | evidence of mental illness and crimes, such as "breaking and
           | entering", it prevents society from having rational
           | discussions about both law enforcement and mental health
           | support. This dynamic repeats across multiple high-profile
           | cases.
           | 
           | People often elevate deeply flawed figures to heroic status
           | when those figures seem to challenge authority or "the
           | system." This happens especially with individuals who present
           | themselves as outsiders fighting the establishment, have a
           | compelling personal struggle narrative, or voice grievances
           | that resonate with public frustrations
           | 
           | Trump fits this pattern - his supporters overlook concerning
           | behaviors and statements because they see him as fighting a
           | system they distrust. Like Manning and Swartz, his mental
           | state and fitness are often ignored in favor of the "hero
           | against the system" narrative.
           | 
           | This dynamic creates a feedback loop where legitimate
           | criticism becomes harder to discuss rationally.
        
           | jimmySixDOF wrote:
           | > MIT
           | 
           | I think Aaron Swartz went to Harvard, not MIT
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Swartz
        
             | xemoka wrote:
             | Yes, he went to Harvard; the laptop was plugged in at MIT
             | using his Harvard Fellow credentials to access JSTOR.
        
           | quaintdev wrote:
           | I read the same thing earlier today on Reddit, weird!
        
           | arp242 wrote:
           | If you do something wrong then you, as a person, are held
           | responsible and accountable.
           | 
           | If you do something wrong as "part of your job" then you're
           | typically not held responsible and accountable but the
           | company is (the exceptions being spectacular fraud: Enron, VW
           | diesel).
           | 
           | It's not hard to see how this can go off the rails.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | "The revolution will be incorporated."
        
         | threeseed wrote:
         | > Google itself got big by indexing other people's data without
         | compensation
         | 
         | Wrong.
         | 
         | a) Robots.txt which defines what content you wish to make
         | available to third parties predates every search engine
         | including Google. Web site owners _chose_ to make it available
         | to Google and search engines have respected their wishes
         | despite it not being in their best interest.
         | 
         | b) The difference here is that OpenAI, Meta etc have not even
         | tried to honour the wishes of copyright holders. They just
         | considered everything as theirs.
         | 
         | c) Google grew big because it had no ads, fast interface and
         | PageRank was significantly better. It wasn't because it had the
         | most comprehensive index.
        
           | RALaBarge wrote:
           | To your first point, the op said without compensation, not
           | without permission.
        
           | fredgrott wrote:
           | point c is wrong...they had ads since the original yahoo
           | contract....
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | Yahoo contract was 2 years after it launched.
             | 
             | I remember using Google the day it went public and it had
             | no ads which made it unique compared to Altavista.
        
           | karamanolev wrote:
           | > Web site owners chose to make it available to Google.
           | 
           | Strong disagree. Since robots.txt is optional and the default
           | is "crawl me as you please", website owners don't "choose to
           | make it available", they just don't choose to make it non-
           | available.
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | That's a functionally meaningless distinction. If you setup
             | a web server that responds to requests, then you're
             | choosing to make content available because your server can
             | choose to _not_ respond to requests. The entire protocol
             | includes mechanisms to negotiate access.
        
               | jokethrowaway wrote:
               | Granting access and granting right to redistribute (even
               | just title + snippet) and use your content commercially
               | are two completely different things.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | And yet it is legal to produce and redistribute summaries
               | as sufficiently transformative derivative works, and this
               | has been court tested[1]. Of course in Australia we
               | passed rather specific laws to the contrary, because lo
               | and behold Rupert Murdoch wanted money and gosh darn it
               | our government was going to give it to him[2].
               | 
               | [1] https://www.practicalecommerce.com/Search-Engines-
               | Indexing-a...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.alrc.gov.au/publication/copyright-and-
               | the-digita...
        
               | eviks wrote:
               | This is a meaningless simplification. In this framework
               | "robots.txt" has no role, because your server "can
               | choose" not to respond. Heck, even DDOS is fine, because
               | "protocol"
        
           | boesboes wrote:
           | Wrong. Google ignores robots.txt entirely
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | I wasn't aware. Can you please update Wikipedia then:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robots.txt
             | 
             | Maybe also get Google to update their docs:
             | https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-
             | indexing/...
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | It must be nice to believe everything people say by
               | default... ;)
        
               | phit_ wrote:
               | their own docs also specify that the robots.txt does not
               | stop indexing or showing up in search, they even bolded
               | it "it is not a mechanism for keeping a web page out of
               | Google"
               | 
               | https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-
               | indexing/...
        
               | alphan0n wrote:
               | The only way for links to appear in a Google search would
               | be to host a public resource, that is linked from another
               | public resource.
               | 
               | If you have specified in your robots.txt that you do not
               | want the page(s) or directories ingested then only the
               | url is indexed (if it is linked from another page). It
               | _does_ prevent the public display of the content of a
               | page and creation description /summary.
               | 
               | https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/7489871?hl=e
               | n
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | From the docs:
               | 
               | "While Google won't crawl or index the content blocked by
               | a robots.txt file"
               | 
               | They will show the URL if someone else has linked to it.
               | But the content itself is not indexed.
        
           | tobyhinloopen wrote:
           | a) If you don't have a robots.txt, you're indexed by default.
           | It's opt-out, not opt-in. If you do nothing, you're being
           | indexed.
        
             | antiframe wrote:
             | It's an opt-out of an opt-in. If you run a webserver
             | hosting your files, you already opted-in to people
             | accessing that data. If you then don't go ahead an
             | configure it properly, that's not exactly "opt-out"
             | anymore. By default your files are not accessible to the
             | network, you have to first opt-in to serving them.
        
           | veggieroll wrote:
           | Robots.txt is irrelevant after hiQ Labs v. LinkedIn (2019)
        
         | gnfargbl wrote:
         | I think if Google attempted to download the entirety of JSTOR
         | with the express intent of making the full dataset freely
         | available, then Google would also face legal consequences.
         | 
         | It's true, and relevant, that Google would feel those
         | consequences much less sharply than Swartz did.
        
           | vintermann wrote:
           | Don't buy into the rhetoric and call it "consequences". It's
           | always a choice to sue, a choice to prosecute, and this would
           | be true even if these choices were made consistently and
           | impartially (which they certainly aren't).
        
             | gnfargbl wrote:
             | I wasn't meaning to attach a pejorative to "consequences",
             | but the word does typically have that meaning so you're
             | right to call me out. Perhaps "resulting legal issues"
             | would be a better way to put it.
             | 
             | For the record, I think the consequence was grossly
             | disproportionate to the action.
        
           | josefx wrote:
           | Google book search was declared fair use and copyright
           | holders ended up having to explicitly request removal of
           | their works.
           | 
           | Apparently he would have gotten away with downloading the
           | JSTOR database if he made it clear that he intended to only
           | publish half of each paper.
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | Google Scholar explicitly made direct deals with publishers
           | to scrape their content, with the constraint that while they
           | can use the content to serve search results in Scholar, but
           | cannot show the content of the papers on the site- just
           | titles and short fragments that match. the deals were tenuous
           | and I had to step carefully around my plan to use that
           | database to implement large-scale scientific search over the
           | literature (this was a long time before anybody was seriously
           | considering using LLMs on research data).
           | 
           | I've spoken to several very wealthy/powerful people and tried
           | to get them to negotiate a large-scale content license with
           | the various publishers that would allow researchers and
           | individuals to access more research in lower-friction ways.
           | None of them (NIH, Schmidt, etc) were really interested.
        
         | dcchambers wrote:
         | I guess the solution is to create a shell company for your
         | illegal activities?
        
           | Cumpiler69 wrote:
           | You must be new to billionaire business practices: break the
           | rules first, ask for forgiveness later.
           | 
           | By the time the cheque comes, your illicit venture either
           | went bust or you built a bilion dollar empire capable of
           | buying the best lawyers and lobbying to walk away clean.
        
           | georgemcbay wrote:
           | The modern solution has been to grow so fast that by the time
           | anyone can go after you legally you've already amassed so
           | much money/power that you can have the laws rewritten (or at
           | least enforced) around your existence.
           | 
           | IMO part of the reason the SV tech bros are embracing right
           | wing grift culture so publicly now is that this method, which
           | had been serving them well for decades, doesn't really work
           | without the infinite free money lending spigot being wide
           | open.
        
             | cduzz wrote:
             | That's why you should go straight to the treasury's RSS
             | feeds.
        
         | Wowfunhappy wrote:
         | > Based on the encyclopedic knowledge LLMs have of written
         | works I assume all parties did the same.
         | 
         | I don't understand why you wouldn't just buy copies of the
         | books. Seems like such a relatively inexpensive way to
         | strengthen your legal case.
        
           | cess11 wrote:
           | Too much paperwork, too much effort. These are important
           | people, doing much more important stuff than whatever book
           | authors do.
           | 
           | Or so they think, I think.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | I doubt they think that way, but even if they did, they'd
             | be right - for 99% of the works in question, the biggest
             | value they gave to the world is, by far, being part of the
             | LLM training corpus.
             | 
             | There's _lots_ of content out there. Most of it is noise.
             | People forget because they 're only ever exposed to an
             | aggressively curated fraction of it.
        
               | cess11 wrote:
               | No, it's not.
        
           | gosub100 wrote:
           | thanks to the byzantine copyright system, you can't easily do
           | it. Plus, just speculating, but maybe by paying, it
           | establishes "consideration" for some implied contract? "You
           | implicitly entered a contract with us by purchasing the book,
           | then violated the contract by 'distributing' the material for
           | commercial use" ?
        
             | almatabata wrote:
             | There must be a publisher out there that forbids you from
             | training an AI on the copy you buy from them by now.
        
           | jokethrowaway wrote:
           | Buying the books won't automatically give you permission to
           | use the content commercially
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Pretty sure that even if you gave a purchasing team enough
           | money for retail price and a list of all books ever
           | published, they wouldn't be able to buy even a quarter of
           | them.
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | Plus some people will just not sell at any price.
        
           | freeone3000 wrote:
           | Buying a copy of the book doesn't grant you the right to copy
           | it. That is what copyright is _for_.
        
             | ivell wrote:
             | They might even have gotten away with legitimate use
             | argument if it was not seeded.
        
             | qup wrote:
             | It grants you the right to read & study it though.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | The right to read and study you have _by default_. It 's
               | getting your hands on a book that has legal caveats
               | attached.
        
               | qup wrote:
               | Yes, but getting your hands on the material isn't a very
               | interesting legal question IMO.
               | 
               | Whether you can train your LLM on it is a very
               | interesting question.
               | 
               | I've personally never been in favor of punishing people
               | for downloading (or seeding) things.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | One which buying books for your LLM doesn't answer
               | either. In analogy to humans, you might as well give your
               | LLM a library card.
        
           | jml7c5 wrote:
           | Anna's Archive has 40 million books and 100 million papers.
           | It's unlikely they could achieve similar coverage.
        
         | cess11 wrote:
         | It's roughly the Spotify story too. They had an extremely
         | impressive catalog very early, way before they were bought by
         | the entertainment cartel. The founders had background in
         | torrenting and the initial product was quite similar to The
         | Pirate Bay but with clearly capitalist ambitions and branding,
         | in contrast to the anarchist leanings of the Pirate Bureau and
         | rather anarchic attitude of The Pirate Bay.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | Something to understand about capitalist competition (also in
         | politics) is that it's a war. Not one with guns and bombs, but
         | more like a cold war, with espionage and hacking and just
         | generally doing anything you can to gain an advantage without
         | bringing negative consequences on yourself.
         | 
         | The limit is what you can actually get away with, not what the
         | rules say you can get away with, and the system aggressively
         | selects players who recognize this. It's amoral - there is no
         | "ought", only "is". An actor gets punished or not, with
         | absolutely no regard to whether it "should" get punished. One
         | thing is consistent: following the rules as written means you
         | lose.
         | 
         | You can see it in Y Combinator (and other) startups. The
         | biggest ex-startups are things like AirBNB (hotels but we don't
         | follow the rules but we don't get punished for not following
         | them) and Uber (taxis but we don't follow the rules but we
         | don't get punished for not following them).
         | 
         | One way to not get punished for not following the rules is to
         | invent a variation of the game where the rules haven't been
         | written yet. I again refer you to AirBNB and Uber; Omegle also
         | comes to mind, although they didn't monetize.
         | 
         | Viewed in this light, Aaron Swartz's mistake was not the part
         | where he downloaded journal articles, but the part where he got
         | caught downloading journal articles. Shadow library sites are
         | doing the same thing, minus the getting caught. So are Meta and
         | Google and OpenAI. sci-hub is only involved in a lawsuit
         | because it got caught and is now in the stage where it finds
         | out whether it gets punished or not.
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | > Something to understand about capitalist competition (also
           | in politics) is that it's a war.
           | 
           | Turns out there are 2 simultaneous wars there. One where
           | companies and individuals compete ruthlessly.
           | 
           | And another one where if non profit associations of
           | individuals form, guns come out.
        
         | bko wrote:
         | The thing is Google, meta and YouTube weren't giant entities
         | when they did this stuff. I think it's good no one cracked down
         | on them for copyright stuff. Now they're developing an LLM that
         | will generate potentially trillions in value to humanity and
         | looks like they're not exactly playing by the rules. But I
         | prefer looser intellectual property rights anyway so Im ok with
         | it
        
           | ziddoap wrote:
           | > _But I prefer looser intellectual property rights anyway so
           | Im ok with it_
           | 
           | I think more people, potentially anyways, would feel similar
           | to to this if it applied even somewhat equally.
           | 
           | Instead, companies can seemingly do whatever they please
           | whereas lawyers will send letters to your home for
           | downloading a single episode of game of thrones.
        
             | ndriscoll wrote:
             | From the article, they took steps to avoid using their IP
             | addresses. Individuals doing the same using a VPN are
             | pretty much immune from any legal issues.
        
               | ziddoap wrote:
               | This is one small blip in an incredibly long history of
               | companies being able to not care about copyright while
               | individuals must.
               | 
               | Workarounds with a VPN are great and all, but they are a
               | band-aid on a systemic problem.
               | 
               | (You are not _immune_ , by the way, if your VPN company
               | is subject to a subpoena and isn't one of very few
               | actually no-log services)
        
               | ndriscoll wrote:
               | IME companies take copyright _way_ more seriously than
               | individuals. e.g. my last 2 jobs have had scanners to
               | ensure we 're not accidentally pulling in GPL code to our
               | products, and one of those was a startup. I'd be
               | surprised if corporate security software weren't looking
               | for torrent clients and if you wouldn't get fired for
               | torrenting on corporate machines or networks at most
               | companies. Meanwhile the same people setting those
               | security policies have a 100TB array at home with fully
               | automated pirating setups. They very much don't care
               | personally, but it's a huge business risk.
               | 
               | In high school/university in the 00s, _everyone_ casually
               | pirated things. In college people passed around a USB
               | drive with all of the books needed for our degree
               | program. People in the dorms traded music collections
               | with 10s of thousands of songs. Tellingly, Apple
               | advertised that iPods could store 10,000 songs, which
               | approximately zero people could afford to buy
               | legitimately. If anything, the consequences for piracy
               | have gone down since then, but streaming is convenient
               | enough and phone storage /UX is hobbled enough that
               | people pay.
               | 
               | In any case, I think the other poster is right that
               | companies flouting copyright law is a good thing. It
               | stops us from pretending that it's helpful for the little
               | guy, making it easier to argue for abolition or vastly
               | reducing the length. That they did it to build an open
               | model is even better: it shows directly the kinds of
               | benefits copyright is taking from us. We _should_ be
               | looking to scan every book out there to build better
               | training sets (and better indexed search into scholastic
               | datasets; at this point all of Anna 's Archive only costs
               | a little over $11k in raw storage, which puts it into
               | "affordable as an upper middle class home library"
               | territory. In another few years, it may be affordable to
               | nearly everyone. Better ML models could help here with
               | better compression as well), but copyright law restricts
               | use of works dating back to a time before electrification
               | was widespread. Obviously they're an evil company in
               | general, but llama was an actual good deed from them.
        
             | bko wrote:
             | > Instead, companies can seemingly do whatever they please
             | whereas lawyers will send letters to your home for
             | downloading a single episode of game of thrones.
             | 
             | I don't get it. All these companies took copyrighted data
             | when they were tiny grew to be large, they still do that
             | now. Google and OpenAI don't send these letters. They're
             | not the copyright holders.
             | 
             | I have no idea what argument you're trying to make.
             | Corporations bad?
        
               | ziddoap wrote:
               | > _Google and OpenAI don 't send these letters._
               | 
               | Right. I'm not saying they do?
               | 
               | > _I have no idea what argument you 're trying to make._
               | 
               | I thought my point (not really an argument) was pretty
               | clear, sorry.
               | 
               | "Rules for thee, but not for me" is the point. Where
               | "thee" is individuals and "me" is corporations. (My
               | comment was general commentary, not specific to Meta,
               | Google, OpenAI, LLMs, or the article)
               | 
               | Right now "loose restrictions" seems to apply to
               | corporations only. More people might be in favor of
               | looser restrictions if it also applied to individuals,
               | not just corporations.
               | 
               | I'm not sure how else to reword my comment more than
               | that. It wasn't really meant to be too deep, and it
               | wasn't intended to be argumentative.
        
           | ok123456 wrote:
           | DRM for thee not for me.
        
           | lofaszvanitt wrote:
           | Well, we'll see how will it generate value and for whom.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | > If you plug a laptop into a closet at MIT to download some
         | scientific papers you forfeit your life.
         | 
         | Just to point, but the material in question was public domain,
         | so nobody had even a copyrights claim over it.
        
           | scottbez1 wrote:
           | Do you have a citation for that claim? I've not seen a claim
           | that none of the material had copyright before.
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | It's a library of historical scientific work. You will find
             | the famous Einstein's 3 1905 papers there, for example.
        
               | warkdarrior wrote:
               | Every scientific paper in the last 90 years or so is
               | still under copyright, owned by the authors, the
               | published, or the universities.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | JSTOR was explicitly a library of public domain works,
               | consolidated in a single place so that academic libraries
               | could access those papers that nobody had an interest in
               | distributing anymore.
               | 
               | It recently added a bunch of copyrighted journals. It
               | didn't have any of those at the time.
        
         | lolinder wrote:
         | Yes. And the problem here isn't that companies get away with
         | doing things like this, the problem is that individuals don't.
         | Attempting to lock information behind a nightmarish legal
         | system is the problem.
         | 
         | I'm pretty much at the point now where I don't buy the
         | "copyright incentivizes creation" argument any more. Copyright,
         | like advertising, incentivizes creation by enormous
         | corporations, but also like advertising it incentivizes
         | creations that overwhelmingly have little value.
         | 
         | Creative individuals don't need copyright to be incentivized to
         | create--they need a safety net that gives them the _freedom_ to
         | spend time on the creativity that naturally wants to bubble
         | out. If the goal is to encourage creativity, copyright is a
         | lousy and _enormously_ expensive substitute for Universal Basic
         | Income.
        
           | post-it wrote:
           | Also, in Canada, it's basically impossible to protect your IP
           | as an individual due to the astronomical cost and lack of
           | options to recover that cost. So copyright will never
           | incentivize _my_ creations, or those of any small creator.
        
           | derektank wrote:
           | Sure creative people will always create but the scope of that
           | creativity will be limited if we do away with intellectual
           | property. Steve Spielberg would probably always have created
           | movies, but he wouldn't have been able to make Jurassic Park,
           | Saving Private Ryan,or Indiana Jones without capital from the
           | studio system, and the studio system wouldn't have provided
           | him with that capital of they couldn't extract economic rents
           | from the copyright for those films.
        
             | BriggyDwiggs42 wrote:
             | I think a limited, short copyright can do good that the
             | current many-year copyright does not. Imagine a 1 year
             | copyright in the context of film. Companies would
             | prioritize box office sales no doubt, but that's how it
             | used to be and it was generally positive. It's really the
             | extremity of modern copyright that I think causes these
             | issues.
        
             | zelphirkalt wrote:
             | They could have started a crowdfunded project and might
             | still have made a great movie. If people truly like the
             | created movie, why noch fund another one? Only no one would
             | be paid millions for acting most likely, and that would be
             | fine.
        
             | ok_dad wrote:
             | Do we need to always have big-budget films and productions?
             | Perhaps we should live smaller, and enjoy local art and
             | low-budget films. Do I really care that Jurassic Park was
             | made? I could read the book and it's more detailed and
             | imaginative anyways, and any lessons to be learned are
             | definitely better when read than when watching a
             | blockbuster CGI film with more effects than message.
        
           | startupsfail wrote:
           | Nothing stops you from downloading Ann's archive and training
           | a model on it, right? The likelihood that you, as an
           | individual, get sued over is is virtually zero.
           | 
           | This is what Meta tried to do, quietly download and use the
           | data, to do research and advance their LLMs, without trying
           | to establish any legal precedents or pick up fights.
        
           | teaearlgraycold wrote:
           | Individuals do get away with it _all of the time_.
        
         | modzu wrote:
         | i know of a company that poisoned an entire town! thats
         | terrorism if done by an individual. the company still exists,
         | just paid a settlement and carried on...
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | I agree with your point, but will split hairs on using the
           | word "terrorism". I think that should be reserved for people
           | that commit atrocities for some political aim. I'm fairly
           | sure the company in question (I assume Union Carbide) did not
           | poison the town to advance a political agenda.
        
             | winthrowe wrote:
             | Profit at all costs is a political agenda.
        
             | mrweasel wrote:
             | Kinda terrifying that you can get away with shit if you
             | just argue that it's not politically motivated, you did it
             | because you really wanted a yacht.
        
               | AuryGlenz wrote:
               | You also get a lesser offense killing someone
               | accidentally as opposed to a premeditated murder.
               | 
               | There's a difference between an intentional act, an
               | accident, and an accident due to extreme neglect and our
               | laws reflect that.
        
             | drawkward wrote:
             | Money is the ultimate political agenda.
        
           | dahart wrote:
           | Are you talking about Bhopal in 1984? If so it would be an
           | understatement to refer to half a million people as a "town",
           | and an overstatement to imply it was terrorism. Willful
           | negligence, yes, but terrorism, no.
        
         | pockmarked19 wrote:
         | > Spotify's music library was also pirated in the early days.
         | 
         | I want to know more, please enlighten me (anyone who knows). I
         | read the book "The Spotify Play" and it made it seem like the
         | pirated music was an internal-only thing and not something
         | available to customers. Is that true?
        
           | arwineap wrote:
           | Users would upload their copies of the music and spotify
           | would replay them. This was obvious to early users, even if
           | they were only consumers, because of the pirate-shout-out-
           | overlays that were in a lot of the poorer quality releases.
           | 
           | Another interesting note, in the early days of spotify, the
           | app would saturate your upload bandwidth while using it.
           | Given their close ties to utorrent, I always assumed that's
           | how they were affording the bandwidth as well.
           | 
           | Pretty brilliant way to bootstrap I guess; they didn't have
           | to pay for bandwidth or content until they already had
           | contracts in place
        
             | lysace wrote:
             | Afaik, the trick was to stream (via http, I assume) the
             | first few hundred kilobytes or so from fast/expensive
             | servers and then _try_ to p2p the rest in some clever
             | order. I guess seeking also triggered the fast /expensive
             | path for a while.
        
           | mzl wrote:
           | Before the launch, Spotify had a deal with the music rights
           | holders association in Sweden (STIM) that they could use a
           | merged collection of friends and families music libraries.
           | All this was removed before Spotify went out of beta.
           | 
           | So while it was using pirated media, it was sanctioned by the
           | rights holders for the experiment of building Spotify.
        
           | billdybas wrote:
           | "Mood Machine: The Rise of Spotify and the Costs of the
           | Perfect Playlist" by Liz Pelly goes into more detail about
           | their origins and the culture around piracy in Sweden at the
           | time.
           | 
           | https://lizpelly.info/book
        
         | larodi wrote:
         | The most outrageous thing about the whole story is that smart
         | people (like here and not only) knew this all since day one.
         | They been uncovering this the whole time.
         | 
         | And in their face, with all the fierce ignorance, broligarchs
         | deny, evade and totally pretend this never happened. The most
         | non open company of all even went to lengths to accuse others
         | of stealing their IP - not theirs to begin with.
         | 
         | Just think of it - why did all major content platforms closed
         | their APIs the day after GPT-2 got the word going...? Cause
         | they knew all this very well - the content is precious and
         | needed. They been doing it all along. Distilling the essence of
         | world's writing and digital imagery they had no right to.
         | 
         | We have a saying where I come from - no mercy for the chicken,
         | no laws for the millions. I thought it was a local thing at
         | first, it turned is how the world goes. Nothing new under the
         | sun, indeed.
        
           | qup wrote:
           | Speaking of GPT2, I remember that nobody gave a shit what it
           | was trained on, because it sucked then.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Crunchyroll started off as a straight up piracy site, it now
         | has millions of paying subscribers and was sold to Sony for
         | over a billion a few years ago.
        
         | belter wrote:
         | "Zuckerberg was at White House for meetings on Thursday" -
         | https://www.reuters.com/world/us/zuckerberg-was-white-house-...
        
         | coliveira wrote:
         | Yes, these companies are based on massive IP and copyright
         | theft. And they still want to lecture others about their
         | "property rights".
        
         | throwawaygmbno wrote:
         | Everyone on here is smart enough. Just do not participate and
         | save your money. Do not pay for digital goods. If Netflix
         | raises their prices, it doesn't matter because there is a
         | torrent of all of their shows. If Spotify raises their prices,
         | it doesn't matter because your favorite artist has their entire
         | library in a torrent. If some game company ask you to pay real
         | life prices for a digital costume, find the crack online and
         | play on a private server. If YouTube wants to interrupt your
         | video with an ad in the middle of the sentence, download one of
         | the many options that blocks all ads. Billion dollar companies
         | have shown they do not care about you. The people who complain
         | about losing their salary, should just get replies thanking
         | them for paying.
         | 
         | All the sad poor people who might be hurt were already paid.
         | The caterer on your favorite show is not getting residuals. NBC
         | also isn't going to stop making TV shows because that is all
         | they can do. Content creators also existed on the internet long
         | before that was a job. They just did it because they cared
         | about it not for ad money. If you really want to support the
         | artist directly go to a concert or just mail them a check. If
         | you can't actually identify a person who might be hurt, then do
         | not care.
        
           | dingnuts wrote:
           | if you want to support an artist go to the show and BUY MERCH
           | at the table! almost all of their income comes from that. the
           | importance of buying a T-shirt at the show cannot be
           | overstated and sometimes you get to say hi to your idol, too
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | It's a stupid situation, though. There are many creators
             | I'm happy to support - but for 99% of them, _I don 't want
             | their stupid merch_. It's mostly low-quality garbage with
             | high markup, that nevertheless cost _something_ to design
             | and produce, thus wasting both precious resources and labor
             | - an useless tax on contributions to artists that doesn 't
             | even help anything. I really wish this wasn't necessary.
             | 
             | (Even the okay-quality merch is a waste, since for most
             | artists I'd want to support, I don't _identify with them
             | enough_ to display that stuff, so it 's again just buying
             | to put away and eventually throw away.)
        
               | BrandonM wrote:
               | I don't think I've ever seen a band selling merch that
               | didn't also have a tip jar.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | I've never seen a band that had. I usually end up buying
               | CDs that then end up on the shelf or in a drawer, never
               | opened.
        
               | throwawaygmbno wrote:
               | What is the point of this comment? Just a stream of
               | consciousness for a future LLM sweep? Nobody thinks that
               | the actual creator should get nothing. Are you asking for
               | better T shirts? Do you want more direct ways of just
               | giving cash?
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | The latter, yes.
        
               | nosioptar wrote:
               | I agree mostly with their comment.
               | 
               | What I want more than anything is for bands to just sell
               | me a damned CD. I've lost track of how many times an
               | artist I want to support doesn't release their music on
               | CD. I'd even settle for DRM-free flacs, if it costs less
               | than a CD.
               | 
               | High quality sheet music would be cool. Lindsey Stirling
               | is the only artist I can think of that does that though.
               | Rasputina used to at one point.
        
               | gpvos wrote:
               | Let them ask a tenner for an album download code.
        
             | macromagnon wrote:
             | A lot of artists are under a 360 deal and they take a cut
             | of everything, so that might not always be true.
        
           | hnpolicestate wrote:
           | I'm not paying for Led Zeppelin IV after having probably
           | bought 3 copies in my lifetime. I agree with you.
        
           | ericyd wrote:
           | I just can't get behind the sentiment that the unethical
           | behavior by big companies means I get to access all the
           | content I want for free.
        
             | throwawaygmbno wrote:
             | Thank you for your service
        
               | jamespo wrote:
               | At least your human right of watching a netflix show is
               | unaffected
        
             | tdb7893 wrote:
             | Also if you pirate everything you're not incentivizing
             | people to make things in a more ethical manner. I've mostly
             | cancelled my streaming services (I'll get different ones
             | for a month at a time for specific shows) but I still pay
             | for Dropout.tv (when they turned a profit they paid out a
             | dividend to actors) and Patreon for YouTube creators that
             | have high quality content.
        
             | drawkward wrote:
             | They have no morals, therefore I shouldn't either! That'll
             | teach 'em!
        
               | chefandy wrote:
               | A whole lot of people in the tech scene got really mad
               | when Huawei was using obviously stolen Cisco designs and
               | code for their switches. Didn't humanity benefit from
               | having cheaper access to switches because they didn't
               | have to pay for Cisco's sunk costs? A whole lot of people
               | got mad when Microsoft reportedly ganked open source code
               | for things like DNS. Didn't humanity benefit from one of
               | the world's most popular server OSs having more reliable
               | name resolution?
               | 
               | Oh, but corporations were the primary beneficiaries,
               | right?
               | 
               | Well, corporations are the primary beneficiaries of this
               | too from a financial perspective. A vanishingly small
               | percentage of people will run, let alone train these
               | models themselves-- it's almost exclusively used to make
               | commercial services that directly compete against the
               | people that made the initial _" data"_. But, the
               | vanishingly small percentage of people that directly
               | utilize this stuff for non-commercial use frequent echo
               | chambers like this that make them think more regular
               | people benefit directly. And the companies that are
               | competing directly with creatives and intellectuals using
               | their stolen work employ a whole lot of people here,
               | directly or not.
               | 
               | The distinction between a reason and a justification gets
               | pretty difficult to distinguish the closer you are to the
               | group benefiting from injustice.
        
               | BriggyDwiggs42 wrote:
               | The observation being made here is that copyright law
               | serves to protect the interests of large companies, not
               | the public, so violating copyright law is, in and of
               | itself, not unethical.
        
             | BriggyDwiggs42 wrote:
             | Imo it's not about you accessing things you want for free.
             | If your family purchased a disc copy of the goonies before
             | you were born and you watched it as a kid, your accessing
             | of that content you wanted for free has no moral bearing.
             | The core question is what impact does your consumption
             | have, and I don't think that participating in the streaming
             | landscape is making things any better for anyone but their
             | ceos.
        
             | doctorpangloss wrote:
             | Well yeah, because it's dumb.
        
             | timcobb wrote:
             | "There is no ethical consumption under capitalism"
        
               | Nasrudith wrote:
               | Who even thinks that ethical consumption exists under any
               | system? Any of your consumption denies it to others. Some
               | consumption is a necessity of course. We wouldn't speak
               | of something absurd like "ethical breathing".
        
             | stevage wrote:
             | I think the point is, using Spotify is already essentially
             | listening to your artists without supporting them. You
             | might as well do that without supporting a company that is
             | harming them.
        
           | swozey wrote:
           | lol I absolutely do not want non digital goods nor pirating.
           | Ever. It's 2025. I don't have a cdplayer, a tape player, a
           | blue ray player, I don't even know what the most modern "blue
           | ray" disc would be. I have $2k worth of vinyls that are just
           | unique copies I display as art I'll never put in my record
           | player, that's also never been used. I don't want to
           | constantly worry about 60gb of mp3 files.
           | 
           | Oh no, that TV show I'll forget about in a year cost me
           | $15/mo instead of $60 of blurays.
           | 
           | I jump in my cars and hit a button and music plays. Almost
           | any music I want. That's amazing.
           | 
           | I'm also not pirating games. I'm not 12 without a job. I have
           | a job. I pay developers for their work. I want more games,
           | like Kingdom Come 3, to come out.
           | 
           | Weird ass comment. You seriously think we're going to put our
           | lives on hold to.. what, fight "digital media"? You think I
           | care about netflix? Or societies use of it? I haven't used
           | netflix in years. I don't know anybody under 40 with a
           | netflix account. Everyone on your end of the pirate spectrum
           | uses debrid nowadays, anyway.
           | 
           | Next you're going to tell people to install the "Black XP
           | Windows" edition to not support Microsoft and they all get
           | malware and their credit cards stolen because they installed
           | some pirated and modified cracked windows. Genius.
           | 
           | MSNBC just cancelled Andrea Mitchells TV show, today, because
           | she brought in no younger audiences. So yes, shows do get
           | cancelled by not being watched.
           | 
           | This comment was upvoted? Hn needs a break. This is some I'm
           | 14 and edgy bullshit that sounds like it belongs on an
           | eastern european piracy forum.
        
             | Larrikin wrote:
             | >MSNBC just cancelled Andrea Mitchells TV show, today,
             | because she brought in no younger audiences. So yes, shows
             | do get cancelled by not being watched.
             | 
             | Did anyone, young or old, want to watch an 80 year old
             | stumble over her words, lose her train of thought, and
             | speak so painfully slow? She had built up connections over
             | her long career but was basically unwatchable. The worst
             | part of a Kamala presidency would have been her on the news
             | and not in retirement.
        
               | swozey wrote:
               | I'm celebrating it today. No idea who is replacing her
               | but I am ecstatic.
        
             | tumsfestival wrote:
             | I don't know how you went from "don't pay for overpriced
             | digital goods, just pirate them instead" to "hurr durr
             | start using blurays and vinyls".
             | 
             | Reading comprehension is a lost art nowadays.
        
             | hnpolicestate wrote:
             | You're arguing for media as a service. I think many people
             | are tired of the SASS everything model. It's generally user
             | hostile, you need multiple different services, there are
             | dark patterns and you still have to endure ads. Privacy
             | issues too. Piracy is definitely superior.
        
           | MourYother wrote:
           | I sometimes think my adblocker should very much lie to the
           | page that "yeah, watched that, totally" in an undetectable
           | way.
        
             | ffpip wrote:
             | https://adnauseam.io/
        
               | amarcheschi wrote:
               | Goat
        
         | earthnail wrote:
         | In Spotify's defense, they used the pirated data only to show a
         | proof of concept to the copyright holders, and that use was
         | sanctioned by the local rights holders organization STIM.
         | 
         | The copyright holders then approved their concept, and
         | subsequently Spotify got the rights to offer their service to
         | customers. Everybody won.
        
           | tanjtanjtanj wrote:
           | That's not entirely true, in Spotify's early days you could
           | upload files to the service and listen to songs uploaded by
           | other people. I think the majority of any song I wanted to
           | listen to before they went Europe-only for a time was
           | "pirated".
        
             | earthnail wrote:
             | Fair. I stand corrected.
        
             | kqr wrote:
             | Indeed. I remember there was one song that used a pirated
             | variant and you could tell because it had an obvious
             | artifact that was accidentally introduced in a pirated copy
             | of the song!
        
         | electriclove wrote:
         | Some can pirate on a large scale and see no repercussions.
         | 
         | Some can steal from stores and see no repercussions.
         | 
         | Some can steal from others and see no repercussions.
         | 
         | Some can violently harm others and see no repercussions.
         | 
         | Some can damage property and see no repercussions.
         | 
         | Some can't. This world is not right.
        
           | ls612 wrote:
           | The strong do what they wish and the weak suffer what they
           | must. Any morality beyond that is a fairy tale that the weak
           | tell themselves.
        
         | vel0city wrote:
         | > once people started uploading copyrighted TV shows to it
         | 
         | End users, not YouTube employees, right? And they would take
         | things down following DMCA requests and what not, right? So,
         | pretty much following the law?
         | 
         | > Google itself got big by indexing other people's data without
         | compensation
         | 
         | Scraping public websites to build a search index isn't the same
         | as making LLMs that can recreate the source verbatim devoid of
         | even attribution. I do agree there's an argument to be had
         | about the LLM's transformative nature in the end though.
         | 
         | > Spotify's music library was also pirated in the early days
         | 
         | Not any version generally available to the public, and with the
         | copyright holder's permission to do so.
        
         | sylario wrote:
         | And Hollywood was created on the west coast because for
         | intellectual property it was still the far west and it allowed
         | them to ignore patents on movie technologies.
        
           | bayindirh wrote:
           | They became the thing they lamented.
           | 
           | This is the inevitable.
        
         | smugma wrote:
         | Spotify was born as a response to piracy. Why do you say their
         | catalog was pirated?
        
         | chanux wrote:
         | Corporations are people. Just a notch above the regular kind.
        
         | Lucasoato wrote:
         | > If you plug a laptop into a closet at MIT to download some
         | scientific papers you forfeit your life.
         | 
         | In case anybody here doesn't know, that's a reference to Aaron
         | Swartz, an activist (and Reddit co-founder) that was risking 35
         | years in prison and a $1 million fine just for downloading a
         | lot of academic papers from JSTOR. He eventually took his life
         | because of the pressure. May his soul rest in peace.
        
           | ThaDood wrote:
           | Thanks for sharing this. Reading his story is kind of insane
           | honestly. He created the CC licenses which I did not know.
           | What an icon, truly.
        
             | CuriousSkeptic wrote:
             | On that note, Lawrence Lessigs talks on copyright from that
             | period are worth a watch https://youtu.be/9xbRE_H5hoU
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | Except he was offered 6 months in a plea bargain, which he
           | declined because he wanted a trial. Whether 6 months was
           | reasonable punishment for "plug a laptop into a closet at MIT
           | to download some scientific papers" is another matter, but
           | "you forfeit your life" or "35 years in prison and a $1
           | million fine " is massively misleading.
        
             | mtlmtlmtlmtl wrote:
             | Swartz wasn't the kind of person to accept a plea bargain
             | from an overzealous prosecutor who was indicting him on 13
             | felony charges with a possible sentence up to 35 years
             | along with a $1 million fine. I assume he wanted a trial
             | because he wanted to continue his fight for open access.
             | And maybe he thought he might lose, but wouldn't lose on
             | all counts, and would make the prosecution look
             | unreasonable in the public eye. Was that decision rational
             | from a self-interest point of view? Maybe not.
             | 
             | And then you might ask, if he wanted a trial, why did he
             | kill himself? Obviously no one knows what was going through
             | his head when he did it. He left no note. But the prospect
             | of being locked in a cell until he was an old man probably
             | had something to do with it.
             | 
             | You can certainly argue it was his own fault for not
             | pleading down, but even if that's your view, that doesn't
             | absolve the prosecutor. Ortiz has a lot of blame in this
             | too, and the fact she still hasn't acknowledged it over a
             | decade later speaks volumes to the kind of person she is.
        
               | ianhawes wrote:
               | His criminality is one matter, but the full weight of the
               | Federal Government on him was an entirely separate
               | matter. A federal prosecutor's job is to jail you
               | regardless of whether it is for downloading a file from a
               | server or for trafficking in humans, and they will come
               | at you with the same vigor regardless of the crime. And
               | nothing has changed about that.
        
               | mtlmtlmtlmtl wrote:
               | Treating a human trafficker and someone who downloaded
               | some files from a server the same is not in the job
               | description of a prosecutor. What an absurd statement.
               | It's very much the job of a prosecutor to make judgements
               | about the severity of the crime and how to respond. And
               | in this case, the prosecutor showed incredibly poor
               | judgement. There wasn't even a particular reason why the
               | case should go federal in the first place. The state
               | prosecutor saw things very differently.
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | The job of a prosecutor is to get a guilty verdict, the
               | judge decides the sentence. At least that's how i
               | understand it.
        
             | wavemode wrote:
             | I agree there's more nuance here than was initially stated,
             | but I also think there's more nuance than simply "he was
             | offered 6 months". Even if he was offered 6 days, the ways
             | in which someone's life and livelihood changes by having
             | ever been convicted of a crime and gone to prison, is
             | dramatic. This is especially true in white collar work
             | and/or knowledge work.
             | 
             | Schwartz was a research fellow at Harvard. Really think he
             | would've been able to continue?
        
           | bobbob1921 wrote:
           | Thanks, I thought it was a sarcastic reference to torrents.
           | So this cleared that up
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | > _If you plug a laptop into a closet at MIT to download some
         | scientific papers you forfeit your life._
         | 
         | I'm opposed to copyright and pro-aaronsw, but the state did not
         | kill him.
        
           | roguecoder wrote:
           | Absolutely.
           | 
           | 1.8 million people are in United States jails today. It isn't
           | a death sentence, and it is a foreseeable consequence of some
           | ethically-appropriate actions.
           | 
           | Supporting folks spending time in jail is a valuable role in
           | any social movement.
        
         | yurlungur wrote:
         | I think the difference may be LLMs may not be laundered clean
         | of copyright data anytime soon. Even if chatgpt got big and
         | profitable, it's not so clear that it won't contain copyrighted
         | data as that may simply be necessary to train the best models.
        
         | yowzadave wrote:
         | > Youtube was initially a ghost town (it started as a dating
         | site) and it only got traction once people started uploading
         | copyrighted TV shows to it
         | 
         | To this day, there are a huge number of videos that show
         | copyrighted content on YouTube; they are usually crappy clips,
         | reversed and with different music playing in the background to
         | avoid automated detection.
        
         | soheil wrote:
         | So be a company? Last I checked it costs a couple of hundred
         | dollars to form an LLC, what am I missing?
        
         | wcfrobert wrote:
         | VC and startups are fundamentally about disruption. You can't
         | make an omelette without breaking a few eggs (laws). The
         | incumbent players are not going to sit still and let things be
         | "disrupted". A common response is to make sure the public knows
         | about the broken eggs. I would say youtube, Google, Spotify,
         | Uber, doordash, etc. all have made my life much better.
        
           | soheil wrote:
           | You don't know a world without them so you actually have no
           | idea if they have made your life compared to that world much
           | better or much worse. How your life was at the time is
           | irrelevant.
        
             | theatomheart wrote:
             | 100%
        
             | warkdarrior wrote:
             | This is a vacuous statement. You can say the same thing
             | about electricity, or antibiotics, or any other modern
             | advancement.
        
             | wcfrobert wrote:
             | Why would I say something is better without a point of
             | comparison?
             | 
             | I was born in the 90s. So definitely alive before YouTube
             | and Spotify albeit as a teenager rather than an adult. I
             | guess you're right I'm not familiar with the world of Sony
             | Walkman, Blockbuster, and IBM PC. But I definitely remember
             | dial-up modems, CDs, Windows 95 and XP. Technology has
             | improved most aspect of my life better since then. (maybe
             | minus all the ads + dopamine slot machines part...)
        
         | soheil wrote:
         | Aaron committed suicide and FBI going after him was meant more
         | as a lesson to the other kids at MIT than anything.
         | 
         | MegaUpload did the same, kim dotcom got raided in his sleep by
         | FBI in New Zealand! So no I don't buy your reductionist
         | argument, there are forces at play that allow companies with
         | founders with the likes of Google to get away with it but not
         | others.
        
         | whatever1 wrote:
         | How does that prosecutor sleep at night?
        
         | observationist wrote:
         | This frames Google's indexing of the web in a totally, abjectly
         | wrong fashion. It wasn't "other people's data", it was data
         | people published to the public internet, implicitly and
         | explicitly granting permission to download through the act of
         | serving that data without restriction to whoever navigated to a
         | particular URL.
         | 
         | That's how the internet works. If you want private content, you
         | need to put up a gate mechanism of some sort with
         | authentication or other methods of restricting access. Without
         | that, you are literally having your server "serve" the content
         | to whoever asks for it, without restriction or exception,
         | without ToS or meaningful contract or agreements.
         | 
         | You can't have it both ways. "But they didn't know" or other
         | post-hoc claims of innocent people publishing content to the
         | web being misled or confused or abused is infantilizing
         | nonsense.
         | 
         | The web wouldn't have been as amazing and revolutionary and
         | liberating if the fundamental public and open nature of its
         | systems was private and walled off by default.
         | 
         | Your take on YouTube going viral initially over copyrighted
         | content isn't correct, either - it was ease of use and access.
         | It was fairly popular by the time Google bought it, and once it
         | was reachable and advertised by google itself, it exploded,
         | because by that time, everyone had defaulted to using google
         | for search.
         | 
         | Other people corrected your Spotify take.
         | 
         | The reason they pirated is because it is functionally
         | impossible to gain access to the data in any other way. For
         | consumers, there are lots of old shows, music, and other
         | content that aren't accessible, so they turn to piracy. A vast
         | majority of the time, if content is accessible, people will pay
         | and do the technically legal and "right" thing.
         | 
         | Publishers exploit authors and content creators in the name of
         | "platforming" and "marketing" , effectively doing as little as
         | possible to take 90%+ of the value of a product and providing
         | as little as possible to the producer of content or books or
         | music. They get by on technicalities and have captured the
         | legal arena entirely, with any attempt at reform or revolution
         | meeting a messy death at the hands of lawyers and big money
         | publishers.
         | 
         | Screw those people. They lie, cheat, and steal, and somehow
         | have gotten away with fooling the world into thinking they're
         | the good guys.
         | 
         | Copying bits and bytes is not stealing, and the ones trying to
         | shill that narrative are trying to fool as many people as
         | possible into giving them more money without any return of
         | value in kind. I'd download the hell out of a car. Pirate
         | everything.
        
         | mrtesthah wrote:
         | Don't forget the original developers of Skype also created
         | Kazaa first.
        
         | sandeepkd wrote:
         | Reminds me of recent discussions about similar topic, what may
         | clearly look like a crime can be treated differently depending
         | on if you do it as an individual or as a company. Somewhere
         | down the line its all about understanding the limits and
         | boundaries of the system, its a skill in itself.
        
         | cyanydeez wrote:
         | Mmm, the broader point is: laws are are as real as the cash you
         | can pay a lawyer to fight.
        
         | plasticbugs wrote:
         | I briefly worked for Crunchyroll, which began life as an anime
         | pirating service with subtitles. The contracts with the
         | Japanese anime publishers came later. Now they vigorously
         | protect their content from "pirates".
        
         | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
         | "Spotify's music library was also pirated in the early days."
         | 
         | "Ek, who had been the CEO of the piracy platform uTorrent,
         | founded Spotify with his friend, another entrepreneur named
         | Martin Lorentzon. Both-Ek at 23 and Lorentzon 37-were already
         | millionaires from the sales of previous businesses. The name
         | Spotify had no particular meaning, and was not associated with
         | music. According to Spotify Teardown, the company developed a
         | software for improved peer-to-peer network sharing, and the
         | founders spoke of it as a general "media distribution
         | platform." The initial choice to focus on music, the founders
         | said at the time, was because audio files are smaller than
         | video files, not because of a dream of saving music.
         | 
         | In 2007, when Spotify first publicly tested its software, it
         | allowed users to stream songs downloaded from The Pirate Bay, a
         | service for unlicensed downloads. By late 2008, Spotify would
         | convince music labels in Sweden to license music to the site,
         | and unlicensed music was removed. From there, Spotify would
         | take off across Europe and then the world."
         | 
         | https://qz.com/1683609/how-the-music-industry-shifted-from-n...
        
         | BrenBarn wrote:
         | Exactly. We need leaders with the political will to apply a
         | "financial death penalty" to companies that engage in this kind
         | of brazen behavior. That means all assets seized, the company
         | dissolved, personal assets of executives seized, executives
         | jailed. People running companies should live in mortal fear of
         | ever doing the things that they routinely do today.
        
           | Nasrudith wrote:
           | Do people even take civics classes anymore? That isn't how
           | any of this works. Political will doesn't allow arbitrary
           | punishments. You would need legislation at very least and
           | that could face issues with the Eighth Amendment. (Which
           | could not be post-facto of course.)
           | 
           | At least you're not calling for jailing all the
           | shareholders....
        
       | fimdomeio wrote:
       | It really makes you think about those crazy internet folks from
       | back in the day who thought copyright law was too strict and that
       | restricting humanity to knowledge in such a way was holding us
       | all back for the benefit of a tiny few.
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | The more concerning thing is that the best thing these overpaid
         | people could come up with was.. download the torrent, like
         | everyone else. Here you are, billions of resources, and no one
         | is willing to spend a part of it to at least digitize some new
         | data? Like even Google did?
        
           | dietr1ch wrote:
           | I think they are morally required to improve the current
           | state.
           | 
           | - Seed the torrent and publicly promote piracy pushing
           | lawmakers.
           | 
           | - Contribute with digitisation and open access like Google
           | did in the past.
           | 
           | - Make the part of their dataset that was pirated publicly
           | accessible.
           | 
           | - Fight stupid copyright laws. I can't believe that copyright
           | lasts more than 20 years. No field moves that slowly, and
           | there should be tighter limits on faster moving fields.
        
             | malfist wrote:
             | Copyright and patent aren't the same thing. "Fast moving
             | field" doesn't make sense in terms of copyrights. There's
             | no reason the copywriter should last some minimum duration
             | after the life of the creator.
             | 
             | If I write a really popular book, I don't want Hollywood to
             | make it into a movie without compensating me just because
             | they waited a few years
        
               | everforward wrote:
               | Fast moving field does make sense in terms of copyright
               | because the knowledge is recorded in documents which are
               | then copyrighted. E.g. research papers.
               | 
               | > If I write a really popular book, I don't want
               | Hollywood to make it into a movie without compensating me
               | just because they waited a few years
               | 
               | I genuinely don't understand this. Even at a decade
               | copyright, pretty much anybody who was going to buy the
               | book and read it has already done so. It costs you
               | virtually nothing in sales, and society benefits from the
               | resulting movie.
               | 
               | Your goal is to deprive everyone of having a movie,
               | because someone who isn't you is going to make some money
               | that was never going to you anyways? Your goals for
               | copyright appear to be a net negative to the system that
               | enforces copyright, which begs the question why should
               | the system offer protection at all?
        
               | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
               | > Even at a decade copyright, pretty much anybody who was
               | going to buy the book and read it has already done so. It
               | costs you virtually nothing in sales, and society
               | benefits from the resulting movie.
               | 
               | If the movie can be made then the book can be printed and
               | sold by any publisher, under the current system. It
               | creates a race to the bottom on the price of the book as
               | soon as the copyright duration is done. Perhaps extending
               | "fair use" stuff could allow one and not the other.
        
               | everforward wrote:
               | That race to the bottom is a feature, not a bug. It
               | allows poor people to engage with culture. That's the
               | tradeoff here. At some point copyright is protecting a
               | tiny amount of profits for the author in exchange for
               | locking people out of access.
               | 
               | Copyright is supposed to be a societal benefit, or
               | there's little reason for society to spend money on
               | enforcing it. That's where we currently are, and I think
               | why there's such a strong reaction to copyright
               | currently. We pay to protect the works and then we pay
               | again to buy them. They become free when they're so
               | culturally irrelevant that nobody wants them even for
               | free. The costs of enforcement are socialized and the
               | benefits are privatized.
               | 
               | At some point, copyright is going to have to provide more
               | back to society or society will get tired of paying to
               | enforce it.
        
               | dietr1ch wrote:
               | > Copyright and patent aren't the same thing.
               | 
               | They achieve the same, lock down knowledge and art.
               | 
               | > If I write a really popular book, I don't want
               | Hollywood to make it into a movie without compensating me
               | just because they waited a few years
               | 
               | If it was good enough maybe they wouldn't risk waiting
               | and having someone else win the 10yr race.
               | 
               | There's just too much stuff that won't make any more
               | money locked behind laws that pretend they magically
               | would.
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | I'm all for chopping up copyright law. But until we do so,
         | companies like Meta need to be treated just like everyone else.
         | 
         | That means lawsuits, prison sentences, and millions in fines.
         | And that's just the piracy part, there's also the lying/fraud
         | part.
         | 
         | Interestingly, a Dutch LLM project was sent a cease and desist
         | after the local copyright lobby caught wind of it being trained
         | on a bunch of pirated eBooks. The case unfortunately wasn't
         | fought out in court, because I would be very interested to see
         | if this could make that copyright lobby take down ChatGPT and
         | the other AI companies for doing the same.
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | >need to be treated just like everyone else.
           | 
           | So a copyright warning letter in the mail from their ISP?
           | Maybe someone should tell them about VPNs...
        
         | fsflover wrote:
         | > crazy internet folks from back in the day
         | 
         | You mean Electronic Frontier Foundation?
         | https://www.eff.org/issues/innovation
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | Probably the single biggest thing I learned growing up is that
         | you can safely live by "Everyone is in it for themselves".
         | 
         | It's incredibly rare to find people who hold ideals that are
         | detrimental to their own life.
        
           | Der_Einzige wrote:
           | Hence why I became obsessed with just about the only
           | Philosopher who engaged with this idea seriously:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ego_and_Its_Own
        
           | erikerikson wrote:
           | This hasn't been my observation. Instead, I see a society
           | where people regularly help and serve one other, frequently
           | for free. Consider parents, social workers, most academics,
           | food banks, charity in general, most workers in most
           | businesses, et cetera. I wonder: who do you know and work
           | with? A minority of people profit wonderfully off this.
           | Incidentally, they seem to also preach principals that can
           | only lead to the end of their gravy train.
           | 
           | You can counter by insisting that these "altruistic"
           | behaviors are simply less directly but still in the
           | altruist's interest. I would entirely agree.
        
             | tredre3 wrote:
             | I don't disagree with your point that, in life, not
             | everybody is in it for themselves. But the examples you
             | chose to demonstrate altruism are a bit ridiculous:
             | 
             | - parents: they wanted a child and now they have to take
             | care of it, it's not a selfless act at all
             | 
             | - social workers: are paid to pretend to care. Often they
             | genuinely _do_ care, but this isn 't altruism, it's a job
             | 
             | - most academics: I see you haven't met many academics.
             | Altruistic (and selfless) are not terms I would use to
             | describe them. The majority is very much in it for
             | themselves...
             | 
             | - food banks, charity in general: very true, some charity
             | do strive on unpaid volunteers, that is altruism
             | 
             | - most workers in most businesses: okay now you're getting
             | ridiculous...
        
               | erikerikson wrote:
               | Many children are unwanted. Consider adoption and
               | neglect. Parents know not to admit these things broadly.
               | 
               | Social work is a very low paid existence and most of the
               | social workers I know could easily have earned more
               | elsewhere which they are pained to know but persist
               | through regardless because they care more for living in a
               | world with less total suffering even at the cost of their
               | own.
               | 
               | I earned my MSc from the University of Edinburgh and
               | interacted thoroughly with academics there and in the
               | process of getting there. I know many people with their
               | PhDs and have had personal friendships with professors,
               | postdocs, and other researchers. I would agree that
               | academic incentive structure have been made deeply
               | dysfunctional and delusion abounds. Also that defection
               | is common. I have known some of those evil actors (e.g.
               | Sharon Oviatt) so I don't deny their existence.
               | 
               | The very premise of business is that it takes a profit
               | from the excess efforts of labor. I'm not the ridiculous
               | sort that fails to recognize that often workers
               | productivity is both made possible and enhanced by the
               | accumulated coordination and structure of firms and
               | owners should capture some of that value. However,
               | increasingly research is showing that the advantages of
               | our society are being captured by firms. Meanwhile, too
               | many owners are failing to responsibly reinvest in the
               | population and have made religions out of not fostering
               | true growth.
               | 
               | My claim is that multiple cultural norms live side-by-
               | side and I'm trying to help you and others realize that
               | different options are plausible and more advantageous.
               | The cooperators learn self preservation and hiding while
               | they are also harvested while and beyond doing so. My
               | speculation is that the expanded belief holding of
               | perspectives like yours decreases the size of that
               | population which will be a downward spiral of
               | inefficiency and impoverishment. I expect the bottom will
               | fall out viciously if it gets to that.
               | 
               | My spending time on this conversation is altruism, what
               | is it for you?
        
         | turtlesdown11 wrote:
         | These are such funny, self important comments.
        
       | Ekaros wrote:
       | Considering prices for single work, this must be multi-billion
       | dollar compensation.
       | 
       | Take for example 675k paid for 31 songs. So 20k a song. If we
       | estimate book to be say 10MB that would 8 million works. So I
       | think reasonable compensation is something along 163 billion. Not
       | even 10 years of net income. Which I think is entirely fair
       | punishment.
        
         | pinoy420 wrote:
         | For creating a backup of library genesis. No. They should be
         | awarded a philanthropic prize.
        
           | striking wrote:
           | There's evidence of them seeding back as little as possible.
           | I'm not sure how that's "creating a backup".
        
             | ralusek wrote:
             | They're talking about creating and releasing Llama...not
             | seeding the torrent
        
               | pseudalopex wrote:
               | A model is not a backup.
        
               | qup wrote:
               | Then why are we mad about the copyright stuff?
        
               | striking wrote:
               | Both things can be true:
               | 
               | * an AI model is not a backup of the contents of all of
               | the books in the sense that it would preserve their
               | contents or similar such it might e.g. be useful for
               | future generations
               | 
               | * Meta has (allegedly) been unfairly benefiting /
               | profiting off of the copyrighted work of others by
               | illegally reproducing copies of their work. Not just in
               | the AI model sense[1], but actually (allegedly)
               | downloading them directly from pirate repositories in a
               | way that isn't straightforwardly fair use and even
               | uploading some amount of this pirate data in return.
               | 
               | I feel like the parent commenter may have been making the
               | typical argument for preservation of copyrighted
               | materials, and I'm amenable to it... when it's regular
               | people or non-profits doing that work, in a way that
               | doesn't allow them to benefit unfairly or profit off of
               | the hard work of others (or would be connected to such a
               | process in some way).
               | 
               | Plaintiffs allege that Meta didn't just do all this, but
               | also talked about how wrong it was and how to mitigate
               | the seeding so they might upload as little as possible.
               | So no matter how you slice it they allegedly 1) knew they
               | were doing something at least a little bit wrong and 2)
               | took steps to prevent the process that might otherwise
               | have preserved the copied materials for the public
               | interest.
               | 
               | And I feel like you probably knew all this, but maybe I'm
               | missing something.
               | 
               | 1: the typical argument wherein the model wouldn't exist
               | without the ingested data, a lot of it is still in there,
               | it is of course a derivative work and the question is
               | really how derivative is it and what part of the work can
               | they claim is their own contribution
        
             | dizhn wrote:
             | In that case they should also be sued for not complying
             | with bittorrent's tit-for-tat ethiquette. Leechers should
             | be punished. :)
        
         | karel-3d wrote:
         | Meta argues that it's fair use, and that they just downloaded,
         | and never seeded, all the torrents.
        
           | TheJoeMan wrote:
           | The article is purposely conflating the downloading from the
           | seeding statistics. Saying "just 0.008%" the size resulted in
           | big punishments is confusing when Meta is also saying they
           | set their client to be leechers.
        
           | larodi wrote:
           | No they never seeded the essence of it ALL :;))
        
           | qiqitori wrote:
           | They have so much bandwidth and never seeded anything? Damn
           | leechers! That is not fair use of torrents at all!
        
           | HeatrayEnjoyer wrote:
           | Seeding and downloading are in the same protocol. You can't
           | do one without the other
        
             | HDThoreaun wrote:
             | Why comment if you have no idea what youre talking about?
        
               | HeatrayEnjoyer wrote:
               | I've written my own torrent clients. Have you?
        
               | HDThoreaun wrote:
               | clearly not good ones
        
               | tredre3 wrote:
               | So have I. So we both know that it's possible to not seed
               | a torrent while downloading it.
               | 
               | It's even possible to _pretend_ to seed whilst not
               | transferring anything, just to boost your ratio on a
               | private tracker.
               | 
               | That's the protocol we're talking about.
        
         | ricardobeat wrote:
         | Beyond the absurdity of those amounts, the funny thing is that
         | the authors wouldn't ever see a dime of that money. Not in the
         | music case, not in this one either. Fairness?
        
       | postepowanieadm wrote:
       | That's horrible! Magnet anyone?
        
         | pinoy420 wrote:
         | Library genesis
        
           | ykonstant wrote:
           | Weird shenanigans are happening in libgen at the moment;
           | better go through Anna's Archive to look for the items you
           | want, it will link you to the corresponding mirrors more
           | reliably.
           | 
           | At least this has been the recent experience of a friend who
           | used libgen and anna's archive to download legal, public
           | domain works!
        
             | bmacho wrote:
             | No, AA is rate limited to being unusable, while libgen is
             | fast enough.
        
         | addandsubtract wrote:
         | Anna's Archive: https://annas-archive.org
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | specifically https://annas-archive.se/torrents - this is a
           | meta-project which aggregates illegal copyrighted material
           | from other illegal projects. You absolutely should not
           | download any material this page links to, although you can
           | use it for the purpose of researching about shadow libraries.
        
       | gorbachev wrote:
       | Previous: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42673628
        
       | uncomplexity_ wrote:
       | did they not seed enough, is that the crime? lol
        
       | palata wrote:
       | Good, we know it. Nothing will happen, because nothing happens to
       | billionaires and their companies. Musk is proving it every day
       | now.
        
         | jokethrowaway wrote:
         | This is why we need to abolish the government. If the
         | government doesn't have any power, they can't do preferential
         | treatment to their cronies.
         | 
         | Enough with laws for thee but not for me!
        
           | ArnoVW wrote:
           | I was having difficulty figuring out if this was parody or
           | not. But I guess the username checks out.
        
           | palata wrote:
           | The problem is precisely that those billionaires are too
           | powerful. If anything, we need to abolish the billionaires.
        
       | nprateem wrote:
       | If you're an author with a book likely to have be hoovered up, I
       | wonder what you'd get from the fb models if you asked "complete
       | this in the style of [author] in [book]: [quite a long excerpt]"
       | 
       | If you get a direct quote then you're good with your claim,
       | surely.
        
         | aprilthird2021 wrote:
         | I believe that is part of this lawsuit pretty much
        
         | Nemo_bis wrote:
         | That's the NYT's case. Not necessarily very strong.
         | https://www.techdirt.com/2024/03/05/openais-motion-to-dismis...
        
         | unraveller wrote:
         | The way it works counts if you bring prompting into it. It
         | could easily have learned enough style chops of [author] from
         | other sources to mimic/predict those stanzas from raw data
         | points.
         | 
         | Whatever the ruling one thing is for sure, plagiarism is no
         | longer the sincerest form of flattery. The human authors are
         | out for AI blood on this.
        
       | yoavm wrote:
       | We all like hating big corporations, especially Meta, and people
       | seem to use this as an opportunity to advocate for punishing
       | them. I think it's wiser to advocate for changing our IP laws.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | First punish them. Then change the laws.
        
           | DaSHacka wrote:
           | I bet you and my "first build the product, then worry about
           | security" manager would get along.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | My approach is same. First fire that manager. Then define
             | security.
        
             | ngneer wrote:
             | That one is tough, because they are blind to the risk. I
             | try to only work with people who have been burned before or
             | have been around long enough to have seen the aftermath.
             | Let me guess, they are probably telling you "show me the
             | vulnerability", but refuse to delay shipping or fund the
             | PoC.
             | 
             | Best advice is to communicate in writing the most likely
             | risk and threat scenarios, with as much data or
             | extrapolated data as possible. When the security flaws are
             | later discovered, that is data you can refer to.
             | 
             | From what I read, this is what Zoom was like early on. They
             | had amateur hour security and then when s*t hit the fan
             | they beefed it up and retained a security team. I guess you
             | could say it worked for them?
        
         | aprilthird2021 wrote:
         | I think most of the public is probably in favor of stronger IP
         | laws now that big corps are threatening to make them jobless
         | with IP-disrespecting AIs
        
           | rchaud wrote:
           | Something tells me stronger IP laws will be drafted by
           | holders of that IP, with little if any regard to the
           | potential for job losses for regular people from AI.
        
             | aprilthird2021 wrote:
             | Maybe, but it's better than the current situation with 0
             | regard for potential job losses for regular people,
             | probably why they're in favor of trying something vs the
             | status quo
        
           | Nasrudith wrote:
           | Most of the public has jobs based upon IP? While it is
           | probably a bigger share than farming, I doubt that. The
           | actual drivers appear to be a mixture of hysteria, and
           | reflexive anti-corporate sentiment as we see even self-
           | proclaimed leftists going "WTF, I love copyright now!".
        
         | miltonlost wrote:
         | Big corporations all like hating their consumers abd legal
         | laws. You love committing crimes it seems.
        
           | DaSHacka wrote:
           | I fail to see how you arrived at GP being a hobbyist criminal
           | based on their suggestion that IP laws need to be modernized.
        
         | lrvick wrote:
         | I truly hope Meta has a serious security issue that burns their
         | company to the ground.
         | 
         | That said, I want them to burn for the right reasons.
         | 
         | Downloading data that should be available to the public is not
         | one of them.
        
           | lblume wrote:
           | Exactly. Everyone should have the right to have access to
           | this.
        
             | palata wrote:
             | Are you sure that everything should be in the public
             | domain? Say you spend a year writing a book, shouldn't you
             | be able to sell it?
        
               | rafaelero wrote:
               | They should sell for a price it would make pirating it
               | pointless. Like what Spotify or Netflix did to audio and
               | visual content. Then they can use the exposure to find
               | other ways to make money.
        
               | StefanBatory wrote:
               | Or if you don't agree with the price, _do not buy_ it.
               | You are NOT entitled to entertain yourself in any way you
               | want. (unless it 's funded by taxes etc, in which case...
               | okay, it's open to discussion.)
               | 
               | Look, let's be honest - what gives you or others the
               | right to steal from others?
        
               | lrvick wrote:
               | If buying isn't owning, then piracy isn't stealing.
        
               | palata wrote:
               | Which is completely off topic. You can buy a paper book
               | and own it, but it doesn't mean that you are allowed to
               | make copies of it and sell them.
        
               | qup wrote:
               | That's what I do, personally.
               | 
               | But you call it "stealing," others call it "copying."
               | 
               | Stealing takes, from someone, something they own.
        
               | impossiblefork wrote:
               | There's such a mass of possible works that it hardly
               | constrains someone that if you could cast a magic spell
               | preventing someone from distributing or accessing your
               | particular work and then burned it, your spell would have
               | essentially no effect-- no one would notice it and no one
               | would be harmed.
               | 
               | As long as discussion of a work that has published is not
               | impeded, the public is not harmed even by these 50-years
               | after life copyrights other than by that they are
               | accumulated by certain companies who themselves become
               | problems.
               | 
               | When someone decides to use someone's work without
               | compensation he is, even though he is not deprived of the
               | work itself, still robbed. But it's not a theft of goods,
               | it's theft of service. The copyright infringer isn't the
               | guy who steals your phone, it's the guy who even you have
               | done some work for but who refuses to pay.
               | 
               | With this view you can also believe, without hypocrisy,
               | that what the LLM firms are doing is wrong while what
               | Schwartz did was not, since the authors in question
               | weren't deprived of any royalties or payments due to them
               | due to due to the publishing model for scientific works.
        
               | alickz wrote:
               | > what gives you or others the right to steal from
               | others?
               | 
               | I think technically it's copying more than stealing
               | 
               | Like if you could wait for someone to design and build a
               | car and then CTRL+C/V it for yourself (is it possible to
               | steal in a post-scarcity society?)
        
               | palata wrote:
               | You do realise that artists don't make a living from
               | Spotify, right?
        
               | lrvick wrote:
               | I have open sourced all work I legally can for the past
               | 20 years, and it has only given me more exposure and made
               | it easier for people to trust me with significant budget
               | to solve their hardest problems.
               | 
               | Also I happily buy lots of books from people like Cory
               | Doctorow and nostarchpress -because- their books are
               | public and I want to support authors that value the
               | freedom of their readers.
               | 
               | Books that are DRM or copyright protected however, I buy
               | used paper copies or pirate because why would I
               | financially support people that do not respect my
               | freedom?
        
               | palata wrote:
               | Where do you find Cory Doctorow's books for free? Because
               | here it requires me to pay: https://craphound.com/shop/
               | 
               | Are you sure they are free?
        
               | philipkglass wrote:
               | He has released many of his stories and novels under
               | Creative Commons:
               | 
               | https://www.freesfonline.net/authors/Cory_Doctorow.html
        
         | boesboes wrote:
         | They broke the law and should be punished for that. Whether the
         | law should change is a separate discussion.
         | 
         | Also, change the law so this is legal for poor meta? smh..
        
         | _Algernon_ wrote:
         | We're sick of the double standards.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Swartz#United_States_v._...
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Swartz#Death
         | 
         | While Aaron Swartz was bullied to suicide, these corporations
         | will walk free and make billions. I say give every tech CEO the
         | Swartz treatment, _then_ change the law.
        
           | nashashmi wrote:
           | The lesson here is make sure you only break the rules in the
           | limits of severity that your wealth class allows.
           | 
           | MIT students will get away with breaking bigger rules than
           | community college students will.
        
             | willturman wrote:
             | Ah, you're citing that inviolable document, the United
             | States Constitution, which brought forth the even-handed
             | dawn of a legal caste system.
        
           | scotty79 wrote:
           | Double standards is how the law is practiced since time
           | immemorial. Copyright is Disney-Sony law made up few decades
           | ago for no reason other than money. Pick your battles.
        
           | IncreasePosts wrote:
           | Swartz committed suicide because he was mentally ill. He also
           | attempted suicide multiple times in his life while not being
           | "bullied".
           | 
           | If he was acting rationally and came to the conclusion that
           | dying was better than spending X years in jail, he would have
           | committed suicide _after_ sentencing, not before any trial
           | had even happened.
        
             | BeetleB wrote:
             | > He also attempted suicide multiple times in his life
             | while not being "bullied".
             | 
             | Citation?
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | Why not change the law first?
           | 
           | Two wrongs don't make a right. If a law is unjust, then what
           | good is there in continuing to punish people who have broken
           | it, just because other people have been punished in the past?
           | 
           | Either you think the law is just or unjust. If you think it's
           | unjust, I don't possibly see how you think people should be
           | punished for it. Meta wasn't responsible for what happened to
           | Aaron Swartz.
        
             | _Algernon_ wrote:
             | Motive matters. What Swartz did was in protest for a cause,
             | a form of civil disobedience (which has always been a valid
             | form of protest in democratic societies).
             | 
             | The other was to make a quick buck.
             | 
             | I know which has earned my respect more.
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | Motive matters when you believe something _should_ be
               | criminal, but there are extenuating circumstances.
               | 
               | But if you don't think something should be illegal to
               | begin with, why do you want to see someone punished?
               | Regardless of motive? If you think it should be allowed,
               | then it should be allowed period, regardless of whether
               | it was to make a quick buck or for civil disobedience.
               | Right?
               | 
               | I totally get who you respect more. What I don't get is
               | "give every tech CEO the Swartz treatment" first. If you
               | don't think what they did should be illegal, then there's
               | just no justification for that.
        
         | palata wrote:
         | You're conflating different problems.
         | 
         | Big corporations are too big, they should just not exist. When
         | you have corporations more powerful than the government of the
         | biggest states, it's a bug, not a feature.
         | 
         | The IP laws may need rethinking. Saying that they should
         | disappear because big corporations are above the law doesn't
         | help, though. First kill the big corporations, then think about
         | fair laws. Changing the law now would not change anything since
         | those corporations are already above the law.
        
           | larodi wrote:
           | Perhaps they just did, or we are doing it - basically this
           | should lead to abolition of copyright to any published
           | article there is. Not sure how'd it impact open source, we'll
           | either have all of it open, or none at all.
        
             | bbor wrote:
             | Even without copyright there are trade secrets, not to
             | mention trademarks and patents. Maybe we could get rid of
             | the latter, but I think we'd need to be pretty heavily into
             | socialist utopia before considering nixing the former two!
        
               | everforward wrote:
               | Trademarks and patents are very different from copyright.
               | Trademarks especially so because they aren't designed to
               | "own" knowledge, just to prevent confusion about who made
               | a product or what it is.
               | 
               | "Intellectual property" is an abomination of a term
               | because it conflates 3 separate mechanisms with differing
               | goals, pretending that they're related in any meaningful
               | sense.
               | 
               | Patents protect a process. Trademarks protect identity.
               | Copyright protects knowledge. Disparate mechanisms for
               | disparate goals.
        
               | palata wrote:
               | > Copyright protects knowledge.
               | 
               | Not at all. I am amazed by how badly copyright is
               | understood.
               | 
               | You can buy a physics book, learn about physics from it,
               | and use that knowledge somewhere else. That's totally
               | legal, an copyright doesn't prevent you from doing that
               | _at all_.
        
               | larodi wrote:
               | We need different perspective to copyright. Besides -
               | what is a trade secret 10, 20, 30 years ago is a common
               | wiki article now... very often if not always.
               | 
               | The idea of people owning information is really beyond
               | comprehension for me. There's no patent for ideas, only
               | for mechanisms or implementations.
               | 
               | Besides we're already tossing world's knowledge in our
               | palms, all the copy shit seems so irrelevant.
               | 
               | I'm not against closed source or keeping trade secrets.
               | But once a story becomes public it should be accessible
               | at no cost or else we get where we are atm.
        
               | palata wrote:
               | Copyright does not protect knowledge. If you can write a
               | full OS from scratch, Microsoft will not come sue you
               | because they had the knowledge before.
        
           | qup wrote:
           | How do you suggest making them smaller?
           | 
           | For instance, what if google was still just serving search
           | results w/ ads, and they never expanded that. How would you
           | make them smaller?
        
             | Timon3 wrote:
             | Then they'd already be smaller, so there's no reason to
             | make them smaller. Or am I misunderstanding your question?
        
               | qup wrote:
               | Okay, they would be smaller, but you said "big
               | corporations should not be able to exist" and they would
               | already be a big corporation with just search--they
               | started this way.
               | 
               | Or, just to follow it through, let's say "WidgetBoss LLC"
               | makes a new Widget that every single human has to have,
               | they become the biggest company ever by making one
               | widget. What will you do to make them smaller? Why?
               | 
               | I have a big problem with Google & Meta, and I can
               | understand arguments about those companies. But not just
               | "big companies" as a generality.
               | 
               | But that's how everyone speaks now. "Literally every
               | billionaire is evil and exploiting blah blah blah"
        
               | palata wrote:
               | I'm not sure if you're in good faith, but I will assume
               | that you are.
               | 
               | > "Literally every billionaire is evil and exploiting
               | blah blah blah"
               | 
               | Nope. Not every billionaire is evil and exploiting blah
               | blah blah. But nobody deserves to be a billionaire,
               | period.
               | 
               | > let's say "WidgetBoss LLC" makes a new Widget that
               | every single human has to have, they become the biggest
               | company ever by making one widget
               | 
               | Which hasn't happened because, obviously, it is not
               | possible to become the biggest company ever by making
               | something trivial.
               | 
               | It is not possible to promote your product by putting it
               | at the top of the search results if you don't own the
               | search engine.
               | 
               | It is not possible to get statistics about popular
               | products in your webstore, copy them and put them at the
               | top of the search results if you can't own both the
               | webstore and the products.
               | 
               | It is not possible to force everybody to use your email
               | provider in order to use their smartphone if you don't
               | own both the email provider and the smartphone OS.
               | 
               | etc.
        
           | alickz wrote:
           | > First kill the big corporations, then think about fair
           | laws.
           | 
           | It's not possible to kill big corporations before fair laws,
           | because as you said yourself "corporations are already above
           | the law"
           | 
           | Unfair laws don't apply to big corporations, they only apply
           | to the people opposed to big corporations
           | 
           | It's akin to hamstringing a horse and saying you'll fix it
           | when they win
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | Anti-Trust laws are a little different though. It's
             | specifically about bringing giant corps down a peg, and has
             | been used multiple times against companies that otherwise
             | skirt the law quite a bit.
             | 
             | Standard Oil, AT&T, the railroads, all thought they were
             | above the law, for good reason, but they were all still
             | broken.
             | 
             | Not going to happen for 4 years at least.
        
           | qudat wrote:
           | > When you have corporations more powerful than the
           | government of the biggest states, it's a bug, not a feature.
           | 
           | The only distinction between corporations and governments is
           | one of them are morally bankrupt arbiters of force.
        
             | palata wrote:
             | If that's the only distinction you see, then you don't
             | really understand the concept of "government".
        
           | BeetleB wrote:
           | > Big corporations are too big, they should just not exist.
           | 
           | Nor should big governments.
           | 
           | Nor should big countries, for that matter.
        
           | therealdrag0 wrote:
           | Economies of scale generate value
        
             | palata wrote:
             | And monopolies do the opposite.
        
         | blueboo wrote:
         | We may in retrospect find that the moment may have passed where
         | "big corporations" have become more powerful and impactful on
         | our lives than the IP laws on the books. After all, we can
         | already plainly see they only come into effect when useful by
         | the powerful
        
         | yodsanklai wrote:
         | Big corporations don't have morale or ethics. They'll break any
         | laws as long as it's profitable. There's no point complaining
         | about Meta or Zuck. Meta does what it's designed to do. If
         | people aren't happy, they should vote for more regulations.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | ...and boycott the offender's products.
        
         | jillyboel wrote:
         | First we must prosecute Meta into committing suicide like was
         | done to Aaron Swartz. After justice is served, we should change
         | IP laws.
        
         | freeAgent wrote:
         | The point is about the hypocrisy and double-standards evinced
         | by this behavior.
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | Best way to "punish" Meta is to slash the Gordian knot and
       | abolish copyright. Level the playing field, incrementally, for
       | everyone else who isn't a trillion-dollar corporation.
       | 
       | The alternative is a futile legalistic attack against a monopoly
       | entity too powerful to be meaningfully punished. That won't
       | accomplish anything useful. It would, rather, help cement this
       | status quo, where copyright infringement is selectively legal or
       | illegal, for different entities at the same time; and companies
       | like Meta thrive arbitraging that difference. You can't defeat
       | Meta--but you _can_ help dig them a moat.
        
         | miltonlost wrote:
         | Ridding copyright would level the playing field for individuals
         | and companies????!!!! Getting rid of laws that protect the
         | individual only will help the larger empowered businesses.
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | >only will help the larger empowered businesses.
           | 
           | I'm pretty sure I could list ten megacorps that would
           | collapse overnight if copyright was abolished. The music
           | groups, movie studios, streaming platforms...
        
         | nkrisc wrote:
         | What's the alternative to copyright then? Anything I create
         | will be instantly reproduced and sold for less than I can
         | afford to by some entity far larger and more efficient than me.
         | 
         | > Level the playing field, incrementally, for everyone else who
         | isn't a trillion-dollar corporation.
         | 
         | There is no level playing field when you have individuals and
         | trillion-dollar companies in the same market.
        
           | clueless wrote:
           | Right, all this talk about getting rid of copyright and no
           | one is talking about what should replace it? how would we we
           | incentives people to write good books? to pour 1000s of hours
           | of their time to produce new knowledge?
        
             | empath75 wrote:
             | As we all know, not a single book or work of art was
             | produced before the creation of copyright.
        
       | lrvick wrote:
       | This should be legal. Copyright law does more harm than good.
       | 
       | The only ethical problem here is that only Meta sized companies
       | can afford to pay the "damages" for such blatant law violations
       | at worst, or the fees of their lawyers at best.
        
         | pleeb wrote:
         | If an individual was the one tormenting almost 82 TB of
         | copyrighted books, the damages they would have to pay would be
         | in the trillions (mostly because of how broken the copyright
         | law system is)
        
         | maronato wrote:
         | Copyright law does more harm than good to individuals who just
         | want to learn and enjoy content without profiting from it.
         | 
         | Companies like Meta and OpenAI, however, should definitely have
         | to pay to use the hard work of humans to train their AI.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | If only these corporations with vested interests in permissive
         | copyright would put their money where their mouth is with
         | lobbying for a change. Or is that only allowed when they're
         | trying to do something scummy? I forget.
        
       | woadwarrior01 wrote:
       | I wonder what happened to the related OpenAI training GPT3 on the
       | books3 dataset story[1] from ~2 years ago?
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.wired.com/story/battle-over-books3/
        
         | gundmc wrote:
         | I think this one is different because the legality of training
         | on copyrighted material is an open legal question while
         | distributing/seeding copyrighted material is decidedly illegal.
        
       | iimaginary wrote:
       | We need better laws that would create a better way to do this
       | legally whilst compensating rights holders.
        
         | miltonlost wrote:
         | We need better justice system that enforces the laws we have in
         | the books that would help compensate right owners when big
         | companies in emails pirate terabytes of data.
        
         | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
         | I really don't think that Meta did this because the alternative
         | would have been too onerous; they are a huge org, they could
         | work through whatever loopholes required. They did it because
         | it would have cost money and there will be no penalty for not
         | paying.
        
       | belter wrote:
       | "Supposedly, Meta tried to conceal the seeding by not using
       | Facebook servers while downloading the dataset to "avoid" the
       | "risk" of anyone "tracing back the seeder/downloader" from
       | Facebook servers, an internal message from Meta researcher Frank
       | Zhang said, while describing the work as in "stealth mode." Meta
       | also allegedly modified settings "so that the smallest amount of
       | seeding possible could occur," a Meta executive in charge of
       | project management, Michael Clark, said in a deposition..."
       | 
       | They will be getting a lot of Frommer Legal letters...
        
       | mik1998 wrote:
       | Libgen is a civilizational project that should be endorsed, not
       | prosecuted. I hope one day people will look at it and think how
       | stupid we were today to shun the largest collection of literary
       | works in human history.
        
         | rafram wrote:
         | I think you're overstating its importance. The internet already
         | makes it possible to order almost any book in existence and
         | have it arrive at your doorstep within a week or so, or often
         | on your ebook reader instantly. And your local library probably
         | participates in an interlibrary loan system that lets you
         | request any book held by any library in the country for _free_.
         | 
         | LibGen gives you access to a much smaller body of works than
         | either of those. It's a little more convenient. But the big
         | difference is that it doesn't compensate the author at all.
         | 
         | Just go to a real library.
        
           | mik1998 wrote:
           | No one sells scans of older books, which are often sparsely
           | available in obscure (often private) libraries.
        
             | rafram wrote:
             | Sure, but I have a strong feeling that scans of out-of-
             | print books only constitute a small portion of LibGen's
             | traffic.
             | 
             | It's like the idea that most BitTorrent users are just
             | using it to share free software and Creative Commons media.
             | (See the screenshots on every BitTorrent client's website.)
             | It would definitely be helpful if it were true, but
             | everyone knows it's just wishful thinking.
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | Why does the proportion matter?
               | 
               | Academics are huge users of LibGen for academic books
               | from the entire past century and beyond. It's infinitely
               | more convenient to instantly get a PDF you can highlight,
               | than wait weeks for some interlibrary loan from an
               | institution three states away.
               | 
               | Just because the majority of people might be downloading
               | Harry Potter is irrelevant.
        
           | Cyph0n wrote:
           | 1. We are not talking about physical books.
           | 
           | 2. DRM is built in to most purchased ebooks, which means you
           | can't consume the book on any device. "Illegal" tools exist
           | to circumvent this.
           | 
           | 3. Large ebook stores - like other digital stores -
           | essentially lend you a copy of the book. So when they are
           | forced to pull a book, they'll pull your access too.
           | 
           | Of course, now that the big players have consumed/archived
           | the entire book dump, they can go ahead and kill it to
           | prevent others from doing the same thing.
        
           | intotheabyss wrote:
           | And what about the other billions of people on the planet
           | that don't even have a library, let alone a doorstep to
           | receive a first world delivery service.
        
           | thfuran wrote:
           | There are a whole lot of books that are out of print, and if
           | a book went out of print before ebooks were a thing, it
           | probably doesn't have a legal digital edition either.
        
             | xtracto wrote:
             | This. Few people here would remember
             | ebooksclub/gigapedia/smiley/library.nu [1] which predated
             | LibGen by several years. But that online library had a lot
             | of books that are not availble nowadays. There were lots of
             | scanned books (djvu) that people uploaded. So much lost
             | knowledge.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library.nu
        
           | ALittleLight wrote:
           | It is *much* more convenient. When a research path takes me
           | to an article or book - I could buy or order or go to a
           | physical library, that would take hours or days. I could also
           | open it as a PDF in seconds. If you need to read a chapter
           | from a book, or an article, or skim such checking to see if
           | it's worthwhile, 20-30 times to figure something out, then
           | libgen is the difference between finishing in a day or a
           | month.
        
           | greenavocado wrote:
           | > LibGen gives you access to a much smaller body of works
           | than either of those.
           | 
           | > Just go to a real library.
           | 
           | The thrill of waiting a week for a book to arrive or
           | navigating the labyrinthine interlibrary loan system is truly
           | a privilege that many can afford. And who needs instant
           | access to knowledge when you can have the pleasure of paying
           | for shipping or commuting to a physical library?
           | 
           | It's also fascinating that you mention compensating authors,
           | as if the current publishing model is a paragon of fairness
           | and equity. I'm sure the authors are just thrilled to receive
           | their meager royalties while the rest of the industry reaps
           | the benefits.
           | 
           | LibGen, on the other hand, is a quaint little website that
           | only offers access to a vast, sprawling library of texts,
           | completely free of charge and accessible to anyone with an
           | internet connection. I'm sure it's totally insignificant
           | compared to the robust and equitable systems you mentioned.
           | 
           | Your suggestion to "just go to a real library" is also a
           | brilliant solution, assuming that everyone has the luxury of
           | living near a well-stocked library, having the time and
           | resources to visit it, and not having any other obligations
           | or responsibilities. I'm sure it's not at all a tone-deaf,
           | out-of-touch recommendation.
        
             | JambalayaJimbo wrote:
             | Your library almost definitely offers digital loans as
             | well.
        
               | crtasm wrote:
               | Seeing the high prices they are charged for a digital
               | licence which expires after a fairly small number of
               | loans, I feel it'd be better for my library if I pirate
               | when possible. Save those limited loans for someone who
               | prefers/needs them.
        
             | rafram wrote:
             | Yes, publishers don't pay authors as much as they deserve,
             | but LibGen pays them literally nothing. Authors tend to
             | love libraries but hate piracy. Why? Because earning
             | something is better than earning nothing.
             | 
             | Have you ever submitted an ILL request? It's extremely
             | simple. Many library systems even integrate with WorldCat,
             | so submitting a request for any book just takes a few
             | clicks.
             | 
             | I'm mostly speaking about people in the US. Every single
             | county in the entire country has a public library. Almost
             | all of them have ILL.
             | 
             | I think equity is a fair argument for the existence of
             | services like LibGen in many parts of the world, but the
             | reality is that almost everyone using a book piracy sites
             | in a first-world country is using it to pirate an in-print
             | book that they just don't want to go to the trouble of
             | borrowing or buying.
        
           | sva_ wrote:
           | Libraries can burn down (see Library of Alexandria),
           | civilizations end (see various). LibGen makes it possible for
           | an individual to backup a snapshot of cumulative human
           | knowledge, and I think that's commendable.
        
         | luqtas wrote:
         | Libgen turns into a problem when you have a company developing
         | generative AI with it, either giving money to GPU manufacturers
         | or themselves with paid services (see OpenAI)
        
           | bbor wrote:
           | ...why? Will people buy less books because we have intuitive
           | algorithms trained on old books?
           | 
           | Personally, I strongly believe that the aesthetic skills of
           | humanity are one of our most advanced faculties -- we are
           | nowhere close to replacing them with fully-automated output,
           | AGI or no.
        
             | luqtas wrote:
             | old books? i can imagine the shit/hallucinated-like
             | generative AI we would have if the training weight was
             | restricted to public domain stuff...
             | 
             | i think when chatGPT was around version 2 or 3, i had
             | extracted almost 2 pages (without any alteration from the
             | original) with questions that considered the author from
             | this book here, https://www.amazon.com/Loneliness-Human-
             | Nature-Social-Connec...
             | 
             | now it's up to you to think this is okay... but i bet you
             | are no author
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | The answer is to censor the model output, not the
               | training input. A dumb filter using 20 year old
               | technology can easily stop LLM's from verbatim copyright
               | output.
        
               | esafak wrote:
               | What if the model simply substitutes synonyms here and
               | there without changing the spirit of the material? (This
               | might not work for poetry, obviously.) It is not such a
               | simple matter.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | It's pretty simple, you are absolutely allowed to do
               | that, and it's been done forever.
               | 
               | Imagine having the copyright claim to "Person's family
               | member is killed so they go and get revenge".
        
               | bbor wrote:
               | I know that this seems likely from a theoretical
               | perspective (in other words, I would way underestimate it
               | at the sprint planning meeting!), but
               | 
               | A) checking each output against a regex representing a
               | hundred years of literature would be expensive AF no
               | matter how streamlined you make it, and
               | 
               | B) latent space allows for small deviations that would
               | still get you in trouble but are very hard to catch
               | without a truly latent wrapper (i.e. another LLM call). A
               | good visual example of this is the coverage early on in
               | the Disney v. ChatGPT lawsuit:
               | 
               | [1] IEEE: https://spectrum.ieee.org/midjourney-copyright
               | 
               | [2] reliable ol' Gary Marcus:
               | https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/things-are-about-to-
               | get-a-...
        
               | horsawlarway wrote:
               | I find this such a strange remark on this front.
               | 
               | You got less than 1% of a book... from an author who has
               | passed away... who wrote on a research topic that was
               | funded by an institution that takes in hundreds of
               | millions of dollars in federal grants each year...
               | 
               | I'm not an author (although I do generate almost
               | exclusively IP for a living) and I think this is about as
               | weak a form of this argument as you _possibly_ make.
               | 
               | So right back at ya... who was hurt in your example?
        
               | sanderjd wrote:
               | I think the key is to think through the incentives for
               | _future_ authors.
               | 
               | As a thought experiment, say that the idea someday
               | becomes mainstream that there is no reason to read any
               | book or research publication because you can just ask an
               | AI to describe and quote at length from the contents of
               | anything you might want to read. In such a future, I
               | think it's reasonable to predict that there would be less
               | incentive to publish and thus less people publishing
               | things.
               | 
               | In that case, I would argue the "hurt" is primarily to
               | society as a whole, and also to people who might have
               | otherwise enjoyed a career in writing.
               | 
               | Having said that, I don't think we're _particularly_
               | close to living in that future. For one thing I 'd say
               | that the ability to receive compensation from holding a
               | copyright doesn't seem to be the most important incentive
               | for people to create things (written or otherwise),
               | though it is for some people. But mostly, I just don't
               | think this idea of chatting with an AI _instead of_
               | reading things is very mainstream, maybe at least in part
               | because it isn 't very easy to get them to quote at
               | length. What I don't know is whether this is likely to
               | change or how quickly.
        
               | bbor wrote:
               | there is no reason to read any book or research
               | publication because you can just ask an AI to describe
               | and quote at length from the contents of anything you
               | might want to read
               | 
               | I think this is the fundamental misunderstanding at the
               | heart of a lot of the anger over this, beyond the basic
               | "corporations in general are out of control and living
               | authors should earn a fair wage" points that existed
               | before this.
               | 
               | You summarize well how we aren't there yet, but I'd say
               | the answer to your final implied question is "not likely
               | to change at all". Even when my fellow traitors-to-
               | humanity are done with our cognitive AGI systems that
               | employ intuitive algorithms in symphony with deliberative
               | symbolic ones, at the end of the day, information theory
               | holds for them just as much as it does for us. LLMs are
               | not built to memorize knowledge, they're built to
               | intuitively transform text -- the only way to get
               | verbatim copies of "anything you might want to read" is
               | fundamentally to store a copy of it. Full stop, end of
               | story, will never not be true.
               | 
               | In that light, such a future seems as easy to avoid today
               | as it was 5 years ago: not trivial, but well within the
               | bounds of our legal and social systems. If someone makes
               | a bot with copies of recent literature, and the authors
               | wrote that lit under a social contract that promised them
               | royalties, then the obvious move is to stop them.
               | 
               | Until then, as you say: only extremists and laymen who
               | don't know better are using LLMs to replace published
               | literature altogether. Everyone else knows that the UX
               | isn't there, and the chance for confident error way too
               | high.
        
               | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
               | It isn't that someone was hurt. We have one private
               | entity gaining power by centralizing knowledge (which
               | they never contributed to) and making people pay for
               | regurgitating the distilled knowledge, for profit.
               | 
               | Few entities can do that (I can't).
               | 
               | Most people are forced to work for companies that sell
               | their work to the higher bidder (which are the very
               | entities mentioned above), or ask them to use AI (under
               | the condition that such work is accessible to the AI
               | entities).
               | 
               | It's obviously a vicious circle, if people can't oppose
               | their work to be ingested and repackaged by a few AI
               | giants.
        
               | andybak wrote:
               | Are you talking about Meta? They released the model. It's
               | free to use.
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | Then you should be in support of OSS models over private
               | entity ones like OpenAI's.
        
               | luqtas wrote:
               | that was just a metaphor, you can ask your AI what's that
               | or use way less energy and use Wikipedia's search
               | engine... or do you think OpenAI first evaluates if the
               | author is an independent developer &/or has died &/or was
               | funded by a public university before adding the content
               | to the training database? /s
               | 
               | and one thing is publishing a paper with jargon for
               | academics, another is to simplify the results for the
               | masses. there's a huge difference between finishing a
               | paper and a book
        
           | qup wrote:
           | What are we actually worried about happening?
           | 
           | Are AI-written books getting published?
           | 
           | If they start out-competing humans, is that bad? According to
           | most naysayers, they can't do anything original.
           | 
           | Are people asking the AI for books? And then hoping it will
           | spit it out a human-written book word for word?
        
             | jjmarr wrote:
             | > Are AI-written books getting published?
             | 
             | Yes, online bookstores are full of them:
             | 
             | https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/05/travel/amazon-
             | guidebooks-...
             | 
             | The issue is there's an asymmetry between buyer/seller for
             | books, because a buyer doesn't know the contents until you
             | buy the book. Reviews can help, but not if the reviews are
             | fake/AI generated. In this case, these books are profitable
             | if only a few people buy them as the marginal cost of
             | creating such a book is close to zero.
        
               | qup wrote:
               | This really has fuck-all to do with copyright though,
               | correct?
               | 
               | If you can't tell how the content is before you read it,
               | it could be written by a monkey.
        
               | brendoelfrendo wrote:
               | This is starting to get pretty circular. The AI was
               | trained on copyrighted data, so we can make a hypothesis
               | that it would not exist - or would exist in a diminished
               | state - without the copyright infringement. Now, the AI
               | is being used to flood AI bookstores with cheaply
               | produced books, many of which are bad, but are still
               | competing against human authors.
        
               | JohnHaugeland wrote:
               | the problem with how circular the argument is is that the
               | essence of there being an actual problem is being taken
               | for granted
               | 
               | it's not clear that detriments actually exist, and the
               | benefits are clear
        
               | roguecoder wrote:
               | The benefits are not clear: why should an "author" who
               | doesn't want to bother writing a book of their own get to
               | steal the words of people who aren't lazy slackers?
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | It's as much stealing as piracy is stealing, ie none at
               | all. If you disagree, you and I (along with probably many
               | others in this thread) have a fundamental axiomatic
               | incompatibility that no amount of discussion can resolve.
        
             | volkk wrote:
             | > Are AI-written books getting published?
             | 
             | actually i think they are. lots of e-book slop
             | 
             | > If they start out-competing humans, is that bad?
             | 
             | Not inherently, but it depends on what you mean by out-
             | competing. Social media outcompeted books and now
             | everyone's addicted and mental illness is more rampant than
             | ever. IMO, a net negative for society. AI books may very
             | well win out through sheer spam but is that good for us?
        
               | qup wrote:
               | Nobody has responded to me with anything about how
               | authors are harmed, so I don't really get who we're
               | protecting here.
               | 
               | It feels more like we just want to punish people,
               | particularly rich people, particularly if they get away
               | with stuff we're afraid to try.
        
               | volkk wrote:
               | > Nobody has responded to me with anything about how
               | authors are harmed
               | 
               | i imagine if books can be published to some e-book
               | provider through an API to extract a few dollars per book
               | generated (mulitiplied by hundreds), then eventually
               | it'll be borderline impossible to discover an actual
               | author's book. breaking through for newbie writers will
               | be even harder because of all of the noise. it'll be up
               | to providers like Amazon to limit it, but then we're then
               | reliant on the benevolence of a corporation and most act
               | in self interest, and if that means AI slop pervading
               | every corner of the e-book market, then that's what we'll
               | have.
               | 
               | kind of reminds me of solana memecoins and how there are
               | hundreds generated everyday because it's a simple script
               | to launch one. memecoins/slop has certainly lowered the
               | trust in crypto. can definitely draw some parallels here.
        
             | sanderjd wrote:
             | I think the concern goes to the point of copyright to begin
             | with, which is to incentive people to create things. Will
             | the inclusion of copyrighted works in llm training
             | (further) erode that incentive? Maybe, and I think that's a
             | shame if so. But I also don't really think it's the primary
             | threat to the incentive structure in publishing.
        
               | qup wrote:
               | > the point of copyright to begin with, which is to
               | incentive people to create things
               | 
               | Is it?
               | 
               | (I don't agree)
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | People have created for millennia before the modern
               | institution of copyright, so I'm not sure how that's a
               | cogent argument.
        
               | roguecoder wrote:
               | That is not actually the goal of it.
               | 
               | Copyright was invented by publishers (the printing guild)
               | to ensure that the capitalists who own the printing
               | presses could profit from artificial monopolies. It
               | decreases the works produced, on purpose, in order to
               | subsidize publishing.
               | 
               | If society decides we no longer want to subsidize
               | publishers with artificial monopolies, we should start
               | with legalizing human creativity. Instead we're letting
               | computers break the law with mediocre output while
               | continuing to keep humans from doing the same thing.
               | 
               | LLMs are serving as intellectual property laundering
               | machines, funneling all the value of human creativity to
               | a couple of capitalists. This infringement of
               | intellectual property is just the more pure manifestation
               | of copyright, keeping any of us from benefitting from our
               | labor.
        
             | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
             | >What are we actually worried about happening?
             | 
             | Few company can amass such quantities of knowledge and
             | leverage it all for their own, very-private profits. This
             | is unprecedented centralization of power, for a very select
             | few. Do we actually want that? If not, why not block this
             | until we're sure this a net positive for most people?
        
               | qup wrote:
               | Meta open-sourced it my guy
        
         | greeniskool wrote:
         | Anna's Archive encourages (and monetizes!!) the use of their
         | shadow library for LLM training. They have a page dedicated to
         | it on their site. You pay them, and they give you high download
         | speeds to entire datasets.
        
         | adamsb6 wrote:
         | I wonder how much more libgen traffic can be attributed to the
         | lawsuit.
         | 
         | When Metallica sued Napster, for many people the reaction was,
         | "wait I can download music for free?"
        
       | Refusing23 wrote:
       | their whole business is stealing data..
       | 
       | so its quite funny to see they freely share it too.
        
       | seydor wrote:
       | We have at least 4 types of ill-defined concepts of property in
       | the 21st century , largely due to our laziness, intellectual
       | inertia and lack of motivation to make forward-thinking
       | definitions for the coming age of AI and ubiquitous access to all
       | information and all communication.
       | 
       | 1) the concept of copyright is as old as the word suggests
       | (copies are the least of our worries going forward - it should be
       | possible to define processes for exploitation of ideas in a fair
       | way)
       | 
       | 2) we allow humans to learn from other people's ideas and
       | transform them to commercial products and the same should happen
       | for AIs in the future
       | 
       | 3) we have an ill-defined concept of "personally identifying
       | information" which gives people ownership to information that
       | others have created via their own means - there should be better
       | ways to ensure a level of privacy (but not absolute privacy)
       | without overly-broad, nonsensical definitions of what is
       | personally protected information
       | 
       | 4) We allow social media and other telecommunications media to
       | arbitrarily censor people's speech without recourse. This turns
       | people's speech to property of the social media companies and
       | imposes absolute power on it. This makes zero sense and is
       | abusive towards the public at large. We need legal protections of
       | speech in all media, not just state-owned media.
        
         | thfuran wrote:
         | >we have an ill-defined concept of "personally identifying
         | information" which gives people ownership to information that
         | others have created via their own means - there should be
         | better ways to ensure a level of privacy (but not absolute
         | privacy) without overly-broad, nonsensical definitions of what
         | is personally protected information
         | 
         | What information about me could a corporation create via its
         | own means that would be legally protected but shouldn't be? PII
         | is generally information that a corporation _collects_. Unless
         | you mean that my cellphone provider creates the association
         | between my name and phone number and should therefore be able
         | to do with it as they please?
        
           | seydor wrote:
           | It's not just about corporations. Banking and government
           | services e.g. are required to keep your personal information
           | stored for years and years even against your will
        
       | jokethrowaway wrote:
       | Great, can we get the full Kim Dotcom treatment for Zuckenberg
       | now?
       | 
       | I'm also ok with abolishing copyright all together if he's too
       | untouchable
        
       | wnevets wrote:
       | My ISP will shut off my internet if it catches me torrenting
       | copyrighted material but if you're a massive corporation that
       | steals TBs of data its barely a blip in the news.
        
         | freeAgent wrote:
         | Wouldn't it be amazing if all of Meta's ISPs cut them off for
         | torrenting? One can dream...
        
         | gkbrk wrote:
         | You should look into changing your ISP, or at least get a VPN.
        
       | hackerbeat wrote:
       | One of the many reasons why Zuck's been sucking up to Trump. He's
       | in desperate need of some Get-Out-Of-Jail-Free cards.
       | 
       | Same for all the other sleazy tech bros.
        
       | aucisson_masque wrote:
       | You wouldn't download a car.
        
       | rvz wrote:
       | Maybe you should go after the worst offender (OpenAI) first
       | before going after Meta, since the latter already gave back their
       | model away for free for everyone and the architecture.
       | 
       | We will know why OpenAI isn't getting investigated.
        
         | unraveller wrote:
         | Could be why OpenAI paid them so much, to go after their open-
         | source competition hardest of all.
        
         | hruzgar wrote:
         | So true. It seems like there is a controlled operation to shut
         | open models down starting with Meta. Obviously they can't go
         | after deepseek atm
        
       | peterclary wrote:
       | I strongly urge people to read Thomas Babington Macaulay's
       | speeches on copyright, its aims, terms, and hazards. Very well
       | reasoned and explained.
       | 
       | In particular, people often cited the case of authors who had
       | died leaving a family in destitution, and claimed that copyright
       | extension would be a fair way of preventing this, but in most
       | cases the remaining family had never held the copyright; the
       | author had initally sold the reproduction rights to a publisher
       | who had then sat on the work without publishing it. The author,
       | driven into penury, was then induced to sell the copyright to the
       | publisher outright for a pittance. So in such cases a copyright
       | extension only benefited the publisher, and indeed increased
       | their incentive to extort the copyright.
        
         | bbor wrote:
         | I'm a huge IP hater and am sure that happens, but to be fair,
         | letting copyright extend past death also increases the amount
         | the author can sell it for in the first place.
        
           | ttyprintk wrote:
           | The current workaround is to attribute footnotes to your
           | beneficiaries, or quote them in the dedication. Those become
           | derivative works subject to the lifetime of your beneficiary.
        
         | kshri24 wrote:
         | > Thomas Babington Macaulay
         | 
         | The one who got Hindu Sanskrit books translated in a horrible
         | manner and then claimed: "I have no knowledge of either
         | Sanskrit or Arabic. But I have done what I could to form a
         | correct estimate of their value. I have read translations of
         | the most celebrated Arabic and Sanskrit works. I have conversed
         | both here and at home with men distinguished by their
         | proficiency in the Eastern tongues. I am quite ready to take
         | the Oriental learning at the valuation of the Orientalists
         | themselves. I have never found one among them who could deny
         | that a single shelf of a good European library was worth the
         | whole native literature of India and Arabia."
         | 
         | This chap will educate us on copyright?
         | 
         | No thanks!
        
           | demosthanos wrote:
           | This is the corollary of the fallacy of appeal to authority:
           | the rejection of an argument on the grounds that the speaker
           | was horribly wrong on an unrelated or very loosely related
           | topic.
           | 
           | If you reject Macaulay on copyright because he was an
           | imperialist, you can use the exact same logic to reject the
           | arguments of essentially every person who ever lived. Very
           | few humans who ever wrote anything important will perfectly
           | align with your morality, and most will be horribly
           | misaligned in at least one way.
        
             | sigbottle wrote:
             | I do think that context is still important in general, but
             | probably only if you're doing deep research into Macaulay
             | (or the specific target in mind). Treating everything in a
             | vacuum isn't great either. Plenty of philosophical works
             | for example, you really have to read in the time period and
             | in the context of the author's life.
             | 
             | I find an acceptable tradeoff for now is, if I want to do
             | deep research for myself, opening myself up to this sort of
             | mushy subjective stuff is actually really important for
             | making deep, objectively correct observations. Especially
             | if the goal is to steelman, not strawman, the opponent's
             | argument.
             | 
             | Otherwise, this kind of worst-case analysis thinking is
             | fine. It's a logically sound conclusion, it's just kind of
             | unsatisfying because we can't make stronger claims.
             | 
             | How do we decide when to make this tradeoff and for what
             | things? Uhh.... idk. For me though, there has been value in
             | using both kinds of thinking before though.
             | 
             | On a public forum, worst-case analysis is probably fine
             | because the discussion ain't that deep. Also probably 90%
             | of comments are made within the intention of a "gotcha" and
             | not actually for discussion.
             | 
             | Basically, I totally agree with this, it's just that I've
             | seen one too many online forums devolve into thought-
             | terminating cliches using "rationality" as the basis. Here,
             | I think it's totally justified to take this line... I
             | instinctively had the same reaction upon reading GP's post
             | (but then you could argue it's tone policing... and ahh
             | we're off to the good ol' internet debate race spiral)
        
             | kshri24 wrote:
             | > If you reject Macaulay on copyright because he was an
             | imperialist
             | 
             | On the contrary I would argue that this is precisely why
             | you SHOULD NOT take his opinion on copyright. One of the
             | main outcomes of imperialism/colonization is
             | denigrating/destroying/appropriating works of art,
             | literature with the primary goal of subjugation, subversion
             | and thereupon replacement of native
             | culture/traditions/institutions. I did not quote the other
             | half of his nauseating take but I'll post it nevertheless:
             | 
             | "[...] And I certainly never met with any Orientalist who
             | ventured to maintain that the Arabic and Sanscrit poetry
             | could be compared to that of the great European nations.
             | But when we pass from works of imagination to works in
             | which facts are recorded, and general principles
             | investigated, the superiority of the Europeans becomes
             | absolutely immeasurable. It is, I believe, no exaggeration
             | to say, that all the historical information which has been
             | collected from all the books written in the Sanscrit
             | language is less valuable than what may be found in the
             | most paltry abridgments used at preparatory schools in
             | England. In every branch of physical or moral philosophy,
             | the relative position of the two nations is nearly the
             | same."
        
               | esafak wrote:
               | Touche.
        
               | demosthanos wrote:
               | > One of the main outcomes of imperialism/colonization is
               | denigrating/destroying/appropriating works of art,
               | literature with the primary goal of subjugation,
               | subversion and thereupon replacement of native
               | culture/traditions/institutions.
               | 
               | Which is irrelevant to the question of whether copyright
               | law within the country of England and within English
               | culture is beneficial or not.
               | 
               | It is the nature of racism that it bypasses rational
               | thought--it does not follow that because someone is
               | racist they therefore don't have anything valuable to say
               | on loosely related topics. Someone can see clearly about
               | copyright when thinking about English authors while
               | treating non-English authors as strictly inferior.
               | 
               | These kinds of contradictions are to be expected when
               | racism is involved, because racism inherently lives in
               | the lizard brain (occasionally justified by post hoc
               | rationalizations). Someone's arguments about an issue
               | touching only their own tribe will tend to be more
               | rational than those that touch on other tribes, and
               | you'll miss out if you assume the rationality is going to
               | be correlated and dismiss all arguments accordingly.
        
               | beepbooptheory wrote:
               | Feels a little pat though doesn't it? If racism itself is
               | necessarily defined by irrationality then you'd think the
               | entire course of Western civilization would have gone a
               | little differently. Not to mention, we have some pretty
               | dark lessons from history already that are precisely the
               | result of excessive rationality. One could easily
               | demonstrate the "rationality" of a given colonial
               | project, for example.
               | 
               | I'm not saying we need to choose between a broader
               | humanism or rationality necessarily, but I just think it
               | feels a little archaic Enlightenment-era thinking to
               | reduce it down this particular way. Or just you know, its
               | all Spock and no Kirk!
        
               | kshri24 wrote:
               | > Which is irrelevant to the question of whether
               | copyright law within the country of England and within
               | English culture is beneficial or not
               | 
               | It is irrelevant from your POV because you don't see
               | anything wrong in IP violations when it comes to
               | Knowledge being taken out of India, credit removed and
               | then reproduced in European Languages, including English,
               | as if it was some novel discovery. So those who indulged
               | in this specifically (I am not talking about current
               | British folk but people like Macaulay) should not be
               | giving sermons on Copyright Law.
               | 
               | To give you an analogy:
               | 
               | Using the same logic, you would have to give CCP a pass
               | and say they did not "steal IP from the US" because
               | Copyright Law in China specifically applies only within
               | the Country of China and within Chinese culture. Surely
               | you wouldn't learn about specifics of Copyright Law from
               | the CCP I presume (yes they do have a Copyright Law that
               | applies internally in China). If that is the case, then
               | the same argument applies to the British Empire as well.
               | 
               | > it does not follow that because someone is racist they
               | therefore don't have anything valuable to say on loosely
               | related topics
               | 
               | It is not irrelevant considering many of the same
               | Sanskrit scriptures were translated by Arabs, which were
               | then translated by Europeans, whose concepts then went on
               | to become foundations of Modern Science. So when it comes
               | to Copyright, the least one can do is not wipe out
               | credits. And least one can do is not take advice on
               | Copyright from such people.
        
               | demosthanos wrote:
               | > It is irrelevant from your POV because you don't see
               | anything wrong in IP violations when it comes to
               | Knowledge being taken out of India, credit removed and
               | then reproduced in European Languages, including English,
               | as if it was some novel discovery.
               | 
               | Uh, no, I didn't say that.
               | 
               | There's no point in writing to you if no matter what I
               | say you're going to just make up stuff you think I
               | believe and respond to that instead of to my actual
               | words.
        
               | gosub100 wrote:
               | if Indians are so free from colonialism, why are their
               | parents forcing them to choose between medicine or tech,
               | simply so they can get a job on the antipode of where
               | they are born??
        
               | kshri24 wrote:
               | Because the wealth was transferred from India to the
               | "antipode" through Colonization. GDP reduced from 25%
               | Pre-Colonization (and 30% if you take Pre-Islamic
               | Colonization) to merely 4% Post-India's Independence. At
               | least Indians are not reverse-colonizing the West.
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | I kind of hate it that the auto-complete in brain launched
           | off in this direction:
           | 
           | > The one who got Hindu Sanskrit books translated in a
           | horrible manner and then claimed: "I have no knowledge of
           | either Sanskrit or Arabic. But
           | 
           | ... Here's what they mean, from ChatGPT."
        
         | golergka wrote:
         | > in most cases the remaining family had never held the
         | copyright; the author had initally sold the reproduction rights
         | to a publisher
         | 
         | He was able to sell it because it is something valuable,
         | exactly because of the copyright protections. Regardless of
         | whether author sells the rights or not, he and his family would
         | equally be better off with copyright.
        
           | grayhatter wrote:
           | Why does this argument remind me so much of those of slavery
           | apologist arguments?
           | 
           | copyright as written serves the interests of publishers who
           | don't create valuable works more than the creators of the
           | work...
        
         | bn-l wrote:
         | This one example does not make stealing acceptable which is
         | what you're implying.
        
           | grayhatter wrote:
           | Copyright infringement isn't stealing. I will die on this
           | hill!
           | 
           | also, I don't think that implication is required, but lets
           | pretend the implication is the only reasonable conclusion one
           | could draw. Maybe it does make it acceptable?
           | 
           | If the vast majority of copyright enforcement isn't to
           | protect creators of valuable work, but only serves to enrich
           | those who take advantage of those creators. Then isn't it not
           | just reasonable or acceptable, but ethically required for
           | someone to do everything they can to dismantle the systems
           | they're abusing against the interests of those who are
           | actually improving the world with their creations?
        
       | jfbaro wrote:
       | They are getting shittier and shittier
        
       | snapcaster wrote:
       | The powerful do what they can, the weak suffer what they must
        
       | api wrote:
       | One of the largest businesses of the Internet to date has been
       | piracy. Individual informal piracy has been the smallest
       | component of this. By far the largest has been corporate mass-
       | scale piracy, and LLMs are probably the largest heist to date.
       | They've literally downloaded the sum total of all human thought
       | and knowledge, compressed it into queryable lossy compression
       | models (which is what LLMs are), and are selling it back to us.
       | 
       | Meta, with its "open weights" models, is one of the least guilty
       | parties, since at least they've made the resulting blobs of mass
       | piracy available to us. Same with Mistral, Deepseek, etc.
       | 
       | ClosedAI, Google, and others have all probably done this and more
       | and refuse to make even the model available.
       | 
       | I think the way to deal with this is very simple:
       | 
       | If you have trained your model on works to which you do not have
       | rights or permission, the resulting model is not copyrightable
       | and cannot be sold. It must either be kept for research purposes
       | only or released free of charge and in the public domain. All
       | these models that have been trained on pirated works should
       | become public domain.
       | 
       | Of course now that we have full capture of the US Federal
       | Government I'm sure any suggestion like that would be neutralized
       | with one bribe to Trump.
        
       | HPsquared wrote:
       | If you owe the bank $1,000 it's your problem; if you owe the bank
       | $1,000,000,000 it's the bank's problem.
        
       | fsflover wrote:
       | Support EFF if you think that the copyright laws should be
       | changed and also applied equally to all:
       | https://www.eff.org/issues/innovation
        
       | maxwell wrote:
       | I'm sure they'll throw the book at them.
        
       | caterwhal wrote:
       | Really strange how much torrenting is demonized by all of these
       | companies and ISPs when individuals want to use it but when a
       | company like Meta uses it there is so little scrutiny.
        
       | toss1 wrote:
       | >>"vastly smaller acts of data piracy--just .008 percent of the
       | amount of copyrighted works Meta pirated--have resulted in Judges
       | referring the conduct to the US Attorneys' office for criminal
       | investigation.".....While Meta may be confident in its legal
       | strategy despite the new torrenting wrinkle...
       | 
       | Zuckerberg has paid the vig several times [0,1,2], which is
       | evidently the best legal strategy under this administration. OFC,
       | considering there are already multiple payments, there is no
       | assurance the vig payments won't substantially increase as the
       | Capo sees more opportunity for profit.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigorish
       | 
       | [1] https://www.politico.com/news/2025/01/29/meta-settles-
       | trump-...
       | 
       | [2] https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8j9e1x9z2xo
        
       | breppp wrote:
       | Yes it smells bad but facebook did the right thing (at least for
       | facebook)
       | 
       | After OpenAI trained their models on the famed _books2_ dataset,
       | and seeing the technological implications of ChatGPT, there was a
       | good chance they would let them get away with it.
       | 
       | Would the USA really surrender its AI technological advantage for
       | trivial matters like copyright? They would make some royalty
       | arrangement and get it over with
        
       | z7 wrote:
       | How about a consequentialist argument? In some fields, AI has
       | already surpassed physicians in diagnosing illnesses. If breaking
       | copyright laws allows AI to access and learn from a broader range
       | of data, it could lead to earlier and more accurate diagnoses,
       | saving lives. In this case, the ethical imperative to preserve
       | human life outweighs the rigid enforcement of copyright laws.
        
         | KolmogorovComp wrote:
         | There's nothing particular to AI about your comment, it's a
         | general downside of IP.
        
           | z7 wrote:
           | No, the development of an artificial general intelligence
           | does seem like a special case compared to usual IP debates,
           | particularly in the potential multiplicative positive-sum
           | effects on society overall.
        
       | imgabe wrote:
       | Boo hoo.
       | 
       | We are trying to advance civilization here. To accumulate and
       | make available all human knowledge to date. And you stand there
       | with your hand out to stop this? You are a villain. There is no
       | sympathy for you.
        
       | zelphirkalt wrote:
       | Come on publishers! This is your chance! Now you can really show,
       | how you will treat all copyright infringements equally and not
       | only go after easy target. Show us, how you spend all that money
       | in a lawsuit against Meta!
        
       | JW_00000 wrote:
       | I don't understand why it's even a question that Meta trained
       | their LLM on copyrighted material. They say so in their paper!
       | Quoting from their LLaMMa paper [Touvron et al., 2023]:
       | 
       | > We include two book corpora in our training dataset: the
       | Gutenberg Project, [...], and the Books3 section of ThePile (Gao
       | et al., 2020), a publicly available dataset for training large
       | language models.
       | 
       | Following that reference:
       | 
       | > Books3 is a dataset of books derived from a copy of the
       | contents of the Bibliotik private tracker made available by Shawn
       | Presser (Presser, 2020).
       | 
       | (Presser, 2020) refers to
       | https://twitter.com/theshawwn/status/1320282149329784833. (Which
       | funnily refers to this DMCA policy: https://the-eye.eu/dmca.mp4)
       | 
       | Furthermore, they state they trained on GitHub, web pages, and
       | ArXiv, which are all contain copyrighted content.
       | 
       | Surely the question is: is it legal to train and/or use and/or
       | distribute an AI model (or its weights, or its outputs) that is
       | trained using copyrighted material. That it was trained on
       | copyrighted material is certain.
       | 
       | [Touvron et al., 2023] https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.13971
       | 
       | [Gao et al., 2020] https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.00027
        
         | gameshot911 wrote:
         | Critically, by torrenting they also directly distributed the
         | copywritten material itself. That is a standalone infringement
         | separate from any argument about trained LLMs.
        
           | qup wrote:
           | And punishing them in the normal manner will be an incredibly
           | small slap on the wrist, and do absolutely nothing to help us
           | find out what will play out in court regarding a fair-use
           | defense on training AI with copyrighted material.
        
             | lucianbr wrote:
             | Isn't there a "fruit of the poisoned tree" kind of thing?
             | Sounds to me quite similar to the situation where you would
             | murder your parent and get to keep the inheritance, even if
             | you are convicted of murder. Inheriting stuff isn't
             | illegal, yet, I think most jurisdictions would not allow
             | you to keep it in this case.
             | 
             | There should be a problem with stuff obtained through
             | illegal means, even if having that stuff is in principle
             | legal. In this case, copyrighted material.
             | 
             | Obviously they would argue that having the data is only a
             | consequence of the download part, and that part is legal.
             | What I see is that these situations are always complicated,
             | and if you're rich enough, you get to litigate the
             | complications and come out with a slap on the wrist or
             | maybe even clean hands, while if you are an ordinary
             | citizen, you can't afford to delve into the complexities
             | and get punished.
             | 
             | These days I'm starting to give up on the whole concept of
             | the legal system being fair. They're not even pretending
             | anymore.
        
           | jimjimwii wrote:
           | They could have only leached and refrained from sharing any
           | part of copyrighted data. If i were to commit something as
           | risky as this, that is what i would do.
        
             | zelphirkalt wrote:
             | Then it would need to be determined, whether that is the
             | case or not. Did every single machine they used have the
             | configuration for only leeching and no seeding? The company
             | is liable for what its employees on the job. If only one
             | employee was also seeding ... that could be a very
             | interesting case.
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | > _Did every single machine they used have the
               | configuration for only leeching and no seeding?_
               | 
               | I would certainly assume so. It's incredibly obvious
               | that's what you would want to do from a legal standpoint.
               | 
               | > _If only one employee was also seeding ... that could
               | be a very interesting case._
               | 
               | The torrenting wouldn't be done casually by employees
               | acting on their own. And it's not like multiple employees
               | are doing it simultaneously, unsupervised, on their
               | personal computers.
               | 
               | This is part of an official project. They'd spin up a
               | machine just to download the torrent, being careful to
               | disable seeding.
               | 
               | This is Meta. They have lawyers involved and advising.
               | This isn't a teenager who doesn't fully understand how
               | torrenting works.
        
               | mvdtnz wrote:
               | Did you not read the article? There are quotes from Meta
               | employees doing exactly what you claim they wouldn't do.
               | 
               | > This is part of an official project. They'd spin up a
               | machine just to download the torrent, being careful to
               | disable seeding.
               | 
               | From the article:
               | 
               | > "Torrenting from a corporate laptop doesn't feel
               | right," Nikolay Bashlykov, a Meta research engineer,
               | wrote in an April 2023 message, adding a smiley emoji. In
               | the same message, he expressed "concern about using Meta
               | IP addresses 'to load through torrents pirate content.'"
               | 
               | You also claim they would be "careful to disable seeding"
               | but we know they did in fact seed (and anyone who uses
               | private trackers knows they couldn't get away with
               | leeching for very long before being kicked off):
               | 
               | > Meta also allegedly modified settings "so that the
               | smallest amount of seeding possible could occur," a Meta
               | executive in charge of project management, Michael Clark,
               | said in a deposition.
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | There are two different things when it comes to discussing
         | training LLM's on "copyright" protected data, and I almost
         | _never_ see people differentiate.
         | 
         | 1.) Training on copyright that is publicly available. You write
         | a poem and publish it online for the world to read. That is
         | your IP, no one else can take it an sell it, but they are free
         | to read and be inspired by it. The legalitly of training on
         | this is in the courts, but so far seems to be going in favor of
         | LLMs.
         | 
         | 2.) Training on copyright that is _not_ publicly available.
         | These are pretty much pirated works or works obtained by
         | backdoor to avoid paying for them. Your poem is behind a
         | paywall and you never got paid, yet the poem is known by the
         | LLM. This is just straight illegal, as you legally must pay to
         | view the work. However there might be conditions here too like
         | paying for access to an archive and then training on everything
         | in it.
        
           | farukozderim wrote:
           | good distinction
           | 
           | IMO there's a hack about this,
           | 
           | authors can claim that they allow for public use unless it's
           | used for training LLMs. And all of training work would fall
           | under 2 because they would be used against the copyright.
        
             | echoangle wrote:
             | I think they would need to have some explicit contract
             | every time they want to sell the book then, though. I don't
             | think I am bound by some random terms someone writes into a
             | book I'm buying. Those probably are only binding if a
             | reasonable person would notice them before sale.
        
               | zelphirkalt wrote:
               | If you arrive at the point of being able to buy that
               | book, it means it has passed the publisher's hands and I
               | would think, that the publisher was OK with those terms
               | then, and limiting the usage of the text may in fact be
               | effective. If it was self-published, then even more so.
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | But the license restriction would have to apply both to
               | the publisher and the customer.
               | 
               | If I go to the bookstore, buy the book, make a scan, and
               | train an LLM with it, how would you enforce your license
               | as an author? The customer never knew that he shouldn't
               | have been allowed to train LLMs.
               | 
               | Edit: I think I misunderstood the original comment, I
               | thought the idea was to sell books and restrict use for
               | LLM training. If we're only talking about stuff that's
               | publicly released, the restriction should be possible.
        
               | zelphirkalt wrote:
               | Whether you make a scan of it or not, the license applies
               | to the IP, I guess (IANAL).
               | 
               | Whether the shop makes a scan should not affect you as
               | the buyer of the actual book. What does the scan have to
               | do with you?
               | 
               | Whether the author learns about that scan and perhaps
               | training of some LLM using the scan or not, does not
               | change the legality of it.
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | But the license doesn't apply to me as a customer if I
               | can't be expected to even notice it. If I buy a book in a
               | bookstore, no one would assume that training LLMs on it
               | would be explicitly forbidden. And adding a note to the
               | book would probably not be binding because no one is
               | expected to read the legal notice in a book.
        
           | edelbitter wrote:
           | I never gave my poem to Facebook. My site is for humans. And
           | there was absolutely no problem with that website being
           | public, until Facebook et al wanted to move the goalpost..
           | again. Remember when companies started to claim that their
           | abuse is on you, because you failed to publish the correct
           | headers/robots.txt and their bot needs to be told the rules
           | in specific language? And now we get the same attempt at
           | making such distinction again, just this time its our fault
           | for .. having a public website in the first place (should
           | have operated a paywall, duh!)
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | I'm not sure there's any legal distinction though.
           | 
           | Is a book publicly available? No, you have to purchase it.
           | But once you do, you're legally allowed to let your friends
           | and family and so forth read it too. As long as you don't
           | _sell copies_ of it (the  "copy" part of "copyright"), or
           | meaningfully take away the ability for the publisher to make
           | money from sales (so you can't post it for the _whole world_
           | to see on the internet).
           | 
           | And sure, there are lots of ToS for digital works, but are
           | they actually enforceable? ToS can say you're not allowed to
           | let anyone else read the book you purchased. But no court is
           | going to say you can't lend your Kindle to your friend for
           | them to read it too. Many ToS clauses are flat-out illegal.
           | 
           | Meta will argue that training on books is no different from
           | reading all the books at a friend's house. That as long as
           | Meta isn't reselling or making publicly available the
           | original text, they're in the clear.
        
             | Snild wrote:
             | I don't know what the deal is in the relevant
             | jurisdictions, but in Swedish copyright law, the provenance
             | of the original matters ("lovlig forlaga").
             | 
             | This means that it's not legal to download a rip of e.g. a
             | CD that was uploaded without consent, even if you own a
             | copy.
             | 
             | (This exception to the general right to make copies for
             | private use was added in 2005 to make downloading illegal
             | -- previously, only uploading was infringing.)
             | 
             | I would assume just the act of downloading this content was
             | illegal in the relevant US jurisdictions as well.
        
               | wil421 wrote:
               | I believe the most famous cases in the US have only gone
               | after the people sharing or seeding or uploading content.
               | My ISP could care less what I download from use net but
               | they will definitely care when I start seating.
        
           | mvdtnz wrote:
           | The very idea that LLMs are "inspired" by copyright material
           | is so far beyond absurd I just don't know what reality you
           | people live in. They are ingesting copyright material in
           | order to re-use it. Yeah they remix it to add their own
           | (incredibly annoying) tone but that's what they're doing.
        
       | antirez wrote:
       | Copy-right is not learn/train-right. That said Meta full its
       | mouth with open source while they release models that are not
       | SOTA nor usable for commercial purposes.
        
       | StefanBatory wrote:
       | I as a individual would be liable to pay ~1000$ of damages if I'd
       | downloaded a movie in Germany or Poland and the publisher would
       | get to me.
       | 
       | I'm going to assume as it's a corporation, then the laws no
       | longer apply.
        
         | Anamon wrote:
         | That's okay, they should just charge The Zuck with it
         | personally; I'd be fine with that.
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | And they're going to get away with it simply because if you or I
       | openly did this the DMCA fines would be for a million trillion
       | dollars. Since Meta shareholders can't stomach a million trillion
       | dollars in fines, their lawyers will wave their magic wands and
       | poof! No laws were broken!
        
       | sva_ wrote:
       | > By September 2023, Bashlykov had seemingly dropped the emojis,
       | consulting the legal team directly and emphasizing in an email
       | that "using torrents would entail 'seeding' the files--i.e.,
       | sharing the content outside, this could be legally not OK."
       | 
       | I'm pretty sure you can theoretically download torrents without
       | seeding, although this is frowned upon. If they really seeded
       | (with full bandwidth?) that's indeed pretty brazen.
       | 
       | It is sort of strange that Meta is being singled out here though,
       | and sort of sad considering they at least release the model
       | weights. What's the signal? Do illegal shit to be competitive,
       | but make sure there is no evidence?
        
         | voidUpdate wrote:
         | You can, in transmission for example you can just set the seed
         | percentage to 0%. I recognise that this makes me a bad
         | torrenter, but I've been told in the past that my ISP wont be
         | too happy about me seeding, and they already do something
         | screwy to torrents I access through the surface web, so I'm
         | just playing it safe
        
           | sva_ wrote:
           | I think your client may still be sharing IP addresses, not
           | sure about the legality of that
        
       | reverendsteveii wrote:
       | So they're gonna go through every book that was stolen and apply
       | the appropriate penalty, right? Each copyrighted work has a
       | minimum penalty of $750 under the DMCA. That will be applied
       | fairly in order to ensure that the rights holder is made whole by
       | the infringer, right?
       | 
       | It's so funny to see the law blatantly ignored by the overlords.
       | Like, there isn't even a pretext anymore. They just steal what
       | they want and budget for the fines and campaign donations to make
       | the consequences go away.
        
       | nickpsecurity wrote:
       | That they'd focus on file sharing over transformation or outputs
       | is exactly the risk I warned the companies about in my AI report.
       | Most datasets, like RefinedWeb and The Pile, also require sharing
       | copyrighted workers between people who are not licensed to do
       | that. Many works also prohibit commercial use or have patents on
       | them.
       | 
       | They need to make datasets which don't have this problem or have
       | entities in Singapore train the foundation models within their
       | rules. The latter has a TDM exemption that would let AI's use
       | much of the Internet, maybe GPL code, licensed/purchased works
       | they digitize, etc. Very flexible.
        
       | ofou wrote:
       | Who would have known that BitTorrent, shadow libraries, and
       | seeders will help to train the best AI models out there, that
       | adds a whole new meaning to a "seed".
        
       | 65 wrote:
       | I'm more interested in piracy not being highly prosecuted than I
       | am in Meta getting punished for this. I'm not trying to spend 20
       | years in jail for pirating a TV show.
        
       | ngneer wrote:
       | Sounds just like how Facebook got started, harvesting photos
       | without permission. From the Wikipedia article, the Facebook
       | precursor was known as Facemash. On Zuckerberg, "He hacked into
       | the online intranets of Harvard Houses to obtain photos,
       | developing algorithms and codes along the way. He referred to his
       | hacking as "child's play.""
       | 
       | If I were younger, I would be livid.
        
       | lazycog512 wrote:
       | abolish knowledge rentiers
        
       | ezekiel68 wrote:
       | Unless Meta 'fessed up to this (which seems unlikely), the
       | headline here is missing the word "allegedly".
        
       | ofslidingfeet wrote:
       | Yeah well, OpenAI compressed the whole internet into proprietary
       | weights and is now providing access via paid subscription while
       | the original internet gets deleted from our culture.
        
       | 999900000999 wrote:
       | "Say they hood robin, ain't that a b*, take from the poor and
       | give to the rich."
       | 
       | - Ice Cube.
       | 
       | Meta will face no consequences. Say your a small publisher and
       | you'd like a bit of compensation. If you dare sue Meta can just
       | blacklist your books on its platforms. Even if they don't, you
       | probably don't have the money to sue one of the biggest companies
       | on earth.
       | 
       | I think copyrights should be limited to 25 years after first
       | publication. This would fix plenty of issues and give the AIs of
       | the world plenty to learn from.
       | 
       | Who am I kidding, Meta will take what they will. For that author
       | making 20k a year, be honored to be of use to Meta.
        
         | bwfan123 wrote:
         | can people vote with their feet, and leave the platform ?
         | 
         | but the masses are addicted to the slop that meta feeds them.
        
       | losvedir wrote:
       | Hooray! Or wait, are we not doing that anymore?
        
       | TZubiri wrote:
       | I love it. This plotline feels out of cryptonomicon or silicon
       | valley series.
        
       | dansitu wrote:
       | I'm fine with them using my books to train an open source model,
       | but it would have been nice to be asked.
        
       | Der_Einzige wrote:
       | The only bad thing about this is that small time players who do
       | it are treated poorly (Aaron Swartz). IP de-facto not existing
       | for AI companies is a feature, not a bug.
       | 
       | The fact that most of the world embraced hardcore copyright troll
       | ludditism when the means of their (badly paying creative) jobs
       | economic production was democratized implies that most people do
       | not believe in any "egalitarianism" and especially not the left-
       | wing form many profess to believe in. Certainly not "information
       | wants to be free" or any of the other idealist shit that I or
       | Aaron Swartz believed in. What meta did was software communism -
       | full stop. They literally released their models to the public! I
       | support all of this 10000%. The only issue is that they're not
       | open enough (fully open source the dataset)
       | 
       | So, unironically, good! Thank you, please pirate more! Please
       | destroy the US IP system while you're at it. Copyright
       | abolitionism is good and thank you Zuckerberg!
        
       | zackmorris wrote:
       | Is there a concept in the legal system of first-come-first-served
       | that could be used as precedent?
       | 
       | What I mean is: when someone is prosecuted for copyright
       | infringement, but Meta isn't, then could the case be put on hold
       | until Meta is found guilty and pays a fine?
       | 
       | Also maybe the fine on the later case would have to be
       | proportional to the prior case. So if Meta pays $1 per
       | infringement, the penalty might be $1 for torrenting something
       | else (which is immaterial and not worth the justice system's
       | time) so pretty much all copyright infringement cases would get
       | thrown out.
       | 
       | It reminds me of how mainstream drug addicts get convicted and
       | spend years in prison, while celebrities get off with a warning
       | or monetary fine.
        
       | kpgraham wrote:
       | Damn! One of my old books can be found in the Anna's Archive
       | search. The book has been out of print for years. I pity the Meta
       | users who get results based on something that I wrote. (Check
       | Anna's for 'Keith P. Graham', and the first book listed is mine.)
        
       | yalogin wrote:
       | LLMs are worse than search for figuring out what value a specific
       | asset provides to the LLM. Atleast with search your work or page
       | is not lost and still gets a click/user interaction, and may be
       | give you a chance to monetize the interaction. However, LLMs just
       | don't have any such option. Gemini adds links but the links they
       | add are completely editorialized by the LLM and need not reflect
       | the original at all. So how does anyone ask for compensation even
       | if they sue?
        
       | bigmattystyles wrote:
       | The question is, if they could and would have paid for each book,
       | would it be ok to train the LLM on them? I'm talking about prior
       | books, I'm sure new books have language forbidding their use to
       | train LLMs at the point of sale. But legally, how does using a
       | book to train a LLM differ from a teacher learning from a book
       | and teaching its contents to their pupils. Obviously, the LLM can
       | do so at scale, but is there a legal difference?
        
         | CryptoBanker wrote:
         | A LLM is not a person. That is the legal difference...until we
         | have Citizens United v2
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > The question is, if they could and would have paid for each
         | book, would it be ok to train the LLM on them?
         | 
         | Whether training on AI model on an array of diffentent works,
         | many of which are copyright protected, is itself a copyright
         | violation, in addition to or distinct from any copyright
         | violation that goes on gathering the dataset for training (and
         | separate from any copyright violation in the actual or intended
         | use of the LLM), remains to be resolved as a legal question,
         | and may or may not have a simple yes or no answer (or the same
         | answer under every system of copyright laws globally).
         | 
         | My inclination is that it is probably generally not a violation
         | in US law, but that's not something I am very confident in; how
         | the definitions of copy and derivative work apply to determine
         | if it would be without fair use, and how fair use analysis
         | applies, are not clear from the available precedent.
         | 
         | > But legally, how does using a book to train a LLM differ from
         | a teacher learning from a book and teaching its contents to
         | their pupils.
         | 
         | It is very clear, by looking at how US copyright law is written
         | and even more clear in its history of application, that
         | information stored in brains of people are _without exception_
         | neither copies nor new works that can be derivative works under
         | US law, and so cannot be infringing, no matter how you gain
         | them. It's also very clear in the statute itself and the case
         | law that data in media used by artificial digital computers, on
         | the other hand, _can_ constitute copies or derivative works
         | that can be infringing. Even if the _process_ is arguably
         | similar in legally relevant manners, copyright law is
         | critically focussed on the result and whether it is a
         | particular kind of thing which can be infringing, not _just_
         | the process.
        
           | bigmattystyles wrote:
           | Thank you for a good answer.
        
       | djyaz1200 wrote:
       | "Behind every great fortune lies a great crime" -Honore de Balzac
        
       | liendolucas wrote:
       | For some misterious reason I can't see Zuckerberg in front of a
       | judge facing 50 years imprisonment. Anyone can?
       | 
       | I truly hope that whoever takes the case goes after Meta with
       | 1000 times the pressure that was put on Swartz, but honestly I
       | don't expect much just as the top comment precisly expressed.
       | 
       | And if we are going to be fair please also let's not forget about
       | the other usual suspects, or anyone thinks they are falling
       | behind?
        
         | impossiblefork wrote:
         | There are other countries than the US though and if
         | rightsholders wish to sue, lawsuits can happen there too.
         | 
         | Several EU countries, Switzerland, South Korea, Japan, etc. are
         | viable countries to sue from. Even in Japan which has a law
         | specifically permitting training on copyrighted material you
         | must still obtain it legally-- i.e. you must license it.
        
       | lvl155 wrote:
       | I'd think people can get together to put this on a public space
       | strictly for training purposes and have the consortium of some
       | sort get paid per use.
       | 
       | But we live in this stupid society where you have to move
       | mountains to change things an inch.
        
       | scotty79 wrote:
       | Seeding it was probably most societally useful thing Meta ever
       | did.
        
       | mrinterweb wrote:
       | Remember people getting sued insane amounts of money per-song
       | they torrented. If we applied that precedent to Meta, Meta would
       | need to declare bankruptcy. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/file-
       | sharing-mom-fined-19-milli...
        
       | Pxtl wrote:
       | Laws are for poor people.
        
       | srameshc wrote:
       | At OpenAI we have seen some employees expressed their concern
       | publicy about the moral grounds on which company was acting. We
       | never heard about it from anyone at Meta but there were some
       | jokes ofcourse. I guess everything is fair in AI and Corporates.
        
       | josefritzishere wrote:
       | Zuckerberg did more copyright infringement? Shocking!
        
       | peterbonney wrote:
       | The more I learn about how AI companies trained their models, the
       | more obvious it is that the rest of us are just suckers. We're
       | out here assuming that laws matter, that we should never
       | misrepresent or hide what we're doing for our work, that we
       | should honor our own terms of use and the terms of use of other
       | sites/products, that if we register for a website or piece of
       | content we should always use our work email address so that the
       | person or company on the other side of that exchange can make a
       | reasonable decision about whether we can or should have access to
       | it.
       | 
       | What we should have been doing all along is YOLO-ing everything.
       | It's only illegal if you get caught. And if you get big enough
       | before you get caught then the rules never have to apply to you
       | anyway.
       | 
       | Suckers. All of us.
        
         | clueless wrote:
         | yep, pretty much.
        
         | wrs wrote:
         | And if you were in any doubt before, this lesson is now
         | exemplified by the holder of the highest office in the land and
         | approved by popular vote. The rewards of acting ethically are,
         | unfortunately, sometimes only personal. This must be a hard
         | environment to raise children in, given the examples they see
         | around them.
        
           | formerphotoj wrote:
           | THIS.
        
           | hamburga wrote:
           | Parent here: it takes a lot of discussion, but it's a great
           | time to talk about the reality of evil and villains. My kids
           | are on the good side, or at least I like to think so ...
        
           | a123b456c wrote:
           | This argument may focus too much on the category of external
           | rewards.
           | 
           | I might well be kidding myself or self-justifying, but I
           | believe internal rewards are at least as important. Some
           | materially successful people are deeply unhappy.
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | > approved by popular vote
           | 
           | Quibble: The majority of people voted _against_ Trump, or at
           | least not in his favor. He only got a plurality, not a
           | majority.
        
         | afandian wrote:
         | If you have a spare few hours, the Acquired podcast episode on
         | Meta is enlightening. They just stumbled through growth hack
         | experiment after experiment without seemingly any risk
         | assessment or ethics.
        
         | hall0ween wrote:
         | <Tether's ears burning>
        
         | callc wrote:
         | This sort of mindset is devoid of morals and honor. Don't fall
         | into the this mindset trap.
         | 
         | Like when Trump said he is "smart" for evading taxes during the
         | presidential debates (IIRC the first ones, not recent ones).
         | 
         | It's absolutely despicable. Have a moral compass. Treat people
         | fairly. Be nice. Let's be better than toddlers who haven't
         | learned yet that hitting is bad, and you shouldn't do it even
         | if mommy and daddy aren't in the room.
        
       | swozey wrote:
       | I deleted my facebook account about 10 years ago. Downloaded
       | data, deleted. Not deactivated.
       | 
       | Nothing in my life made me ever want to go back except for when I
       | got back into playing hockey, and all the hockey leagues use
       | facebook to communicate a few months ago.
       | 
       | I made a new account, had to literally upload a picture of my
       | face to pass verification.. and then a few days later I was
       | immediately banned and couldn't use my account. I assume because
       | they searched previous data and compared my face to find out I
       | have a "deleted" (lol) account and matched me. I've assumed
       | they'll only let me log in if i use my original 10 years ago
       | deleted account.
       | 
       | Fuck meta. Fuck zuck.
        
       | black_puppydog wrote:
       | Wouldn't it be a real shame if the entirety of US constitution,
       | laws, and legal precedence went out the window these days, and
       | the only thing left unscathed was the rotten mess that is
       | copyright law? Just saying, this might be the moment to burn it
       | to the ground. Not that it makes up for any of the other stuff
       | going on, but why waste a perfectly good crisis?
        
       | abigail95 wrote:
       | This reminds me of Peter Sunde's "komimashin"
       | 
       | https://www.engadget.com/2015-12-21-peter-sunde-kopimashin.h...
       | 
       | It's obviously absurd to enforce copyright as bytes are copied
       | around instead of as it is used. Training an LLM is a different
       | thing than re-hosting and giving away copies to other people.
       | 
       | If you don't want people to transform your works - keep them
       | private. You don't own ideas.
        
         | golly_ned wrote:
         | As the article says, Meta /was/ giving away copies to other
         | people by seeding the libgen torrents. This isn't the usual
         | case of "should companies be allowed to train on books".
        
       | ocean_moist wrote:
       | At least they seeded!
        
       | stevage wrote:
       | Wow, I'm actually a bit shocked that senior levels of management
       | at Meta were fine with torrenting pirated books. WTaF.
       | 
       | Meta does a lot of stuff I disagree with, but they're usually not
       | just straight breaking the law.
        
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