[HN Gopher] America desperately needs more air traffic controllers
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       America desperately needs more air traffic controllers
        
       Author : mooreds
       Score  : 100 points
       Date   : 2025-02-04 15:44 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cnn.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cnn.com)
        
       | ranger_danger wrote:
       | Then start paying them
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | Or cut down on flights. You could easily ban private flights
         | until there is enough capacity.
        
           | jmount wrote:
           | 1000 times this. Fly as much as one can safely, not more.
        
           | eterm wrote:
           | Don't ban. Tax. Never ban.
           | 
           | Tax low capacity flights more. That both reduces the number
           | of flights and raises money which can be put toward paying
           | ATCs more and increasing the headcount.
           | 
           | You then have a lever available to dial up and down to
           | further reduce flights / raise money.
           | 
           | Banning is expensive and increases legislative and judicial
           | burden.
           | 
           | Taxing is a much more efficient way to stop people doing
           | things.
           | 
           | You have to be careful not to only lock the poorest in
           | society out while the rich enjoy carrying on regardless, but
           | in the case of low capacity private jets, I don't think
           | that's a significant problem.
           | 
           | If the tax doesn't put off people enough, just raise it more
           | until either it does start to dampen demand or you're raising
           | so much money through it you no longer care and have a new
           | revenue stream to spend on fixing whatever problems they're
           | causing.
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | Careless and hamfisted taxing/banning of "private jets" can
             | have the unintended effect of also killing light piston
             | general aviation, flight instruction, and the whole
             | pipeline of training the next generation of airline pilots.
             | Flight training is almost always low capacity (one-on-one)
             | so uncarefuly-crafted legislation could catch it in the
             | blast radius. Piloting is already one of the more expensive
             | careers to train for.
        
               | _jss wrote:
               | Landing fees already have this built into the structure,
               | along with waived fees for fuel purchases, etc.
               | 
               | It probably is reasonable to look at occupancy percentage
               | along with engine type, and adjust landing fees based on
               | that. Two out of 18 souls on board with a turbine? High
               | landing fees, divert some to an ATC fund.
        
               | psunavy03 wrote:
               | Newsflash: "planes are rich people's toys" has been
               | killing general aviation already for a generation if not
               | two.
        
               | ang_cire wrote:
               | The rising costs have made that much more true, though.
               | My step-dad had a gorgeous 1940s Luscombe that he paid
               | ~35k for in the 90s. He lived in an airpark where he paid
               | 280k for a nice 3br house with a hangar.
               | 
               | Good luck trying to replicate that now.
        
               | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
               | Having 85k of purely discretionary income (adjusting for
               | inflation) is still pretty "rich people toy". That's
               | about 105% median household income.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | I mean, 85k ain't that much different from a "middle.
               | Luxury" car these days. You can definitely customize a
               | Tesla and come out over 85k easily. Cyber trucks *stsrt"
               | at 80k.
               | 
               | Im sure that person could have paid out of pocket. But I
               | doubt he did.
        
               | ang_cire wrote:
               | You can make taxes specific, as in literally saying "a
               | tax on non-commercially operated non-propeller driven
               | aircraft with greater than 8 passenger seats".
               | 
               | The prop exemption alone would clear most gen-av, but
               | this kind of ruleset would also be very easy for the
               | richies to bypass/game.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | You could use max gross weight and/or number of seats >
               | 6. Not a lot of flight training or hobbyist flying going
               | on in Beechcraft 18s or Cessna 402s. And people who like
               | private jets aren't going to step down to a 6 seater.
        
             | novemp wrote:
             | I fear this would only exacerbate the problem of carriers
             | selling more tickets than there are seats.
        
             | ranger_danger wrote:
             | I say private flights from the rich should be subsidizing
             | ATC costs... whether that's as a tax or whatever. You could
             | even base it as a percentage of the net worth of the
             | individuals on the flight.
        
             | adrr wrote:
             | Instead we allow private jet owners to fully write off the
             | cost of a jet purchase(new or used) in the first year on
             | their taxes. Can't even do that with a normal sized car.
        
               | cj wrote:
               | Source: https://nbaa.org/flight-department-
               | administration/tax-issues...
               | 
               | "Bonus depreciation" exists for cars too, but is capped
               | around $20k. From quick reading, seems like the bonus
               | depreciation for planes was a tax break to incentivize
               | people to, well, buy more planes.
        
         | JSteph22 wrote:
         | Exactly. The article enumerates all the ways to improve hiring,
         | except for compensation.
        
         | lifestyleguru wrote:
         | With so many billionaires, the country certainly can afford
         | paying more to people whose tasks are crucial for others'
         | lives.
        
       | runako wrote:
       | Seems like a colossal error to have asked them all to quit.
       | 
       | I wonder -- if half of the air traffic controllers took the offer
       | to leave their jobs, do we have a Plan B? The deadline they have
       | been given to decide is Thursday; I have not seen any
       | communication as to whether ATC (and TSA, etc.) will be
       | operational Friday.
        
         | taeric wrote:
         | I'd be interested to see the daily staffing levels over the
         | past couple of weeks. If anyone knows where that could be
         | found.
        
           | RationPhantoms wrote:
           | I couldn't find anything immediately definitive but this 2023
           | survey of federal workers was quite eye-opening:
           | https://ourpublicservice.org/fed-figures/a-profile-of-
           | the-20...
        
             | taeric wrote:
             | Good find. I'm curious what facets were eye opening for
             | you? This is a ton of data that I find hard to 1-shot learn
             | anything from. :(
        
         | lenerdenator wrote:
         | > if half of the air traffic controllers took the offer to
         | leave their jobs, do we have a Plan B?
         | 
         | In theory you could do what Reagan did and tell the military to
         | do ATC.
         | 
         | Whether or not this is a good idea is another matter.
        
           | robert_foss wrote:
           | Reagan taking away collective bargaining rights for ATCs
           | seems to be what have led to the shortage and the helicopter
           | accident last week.
        
             | lenerdenator wrote:
             | Indeed. Wouldn't want people doing a safety-critical job
             | being fairly compensated, after all.
        
             | legitster wrote:
             | Kinda. Collective bargaining rights are great for employees
             | but they do not automatically lead to better outcomes for
             | customers/citizens/etc.
             | 
             | A good counter-example of ATC would be police. Police have
             | strong collective bargaining rights, but mostly came at the
             | expense of accountability and citizen oversight. (And also
             | police departments are _still_ chronically understaffed).
        
               | dttze wrote:
               | Police are the state's manifestation of the monopoly on
               | violence. Comparing that to civilian safety orgs makes no
               | sense.
        
               | legitster wrote:
               | Okay, if not police, then teacher's unions: there's not a
               | lot of available studies, but most point to a non-
               | existent or negative relationship between CBAs and
               | student performance.
               | 
               | Or in the private sectors, non-unionized manufacturers
               | like Toyota and Honda always outperform legacy
               | manufacturers in the US on quality.
               | 
               | I'm not saying there's not a strong argument for
               | unionization, but an improvement in quality is not one
               | backed by any sort of evidence and it's a really weak
               | argument. To put it another way, it would be hard for a
               | unionized employee to outperform a Foxconn employee with
               | no human rights on output quality - but it's not at all
               | the kind of argument we should be making.
        
               | lenerdenator wrote:
               | > Okay, if not police, then teacher's unions: there's not
               | a lot of available studies, but most point to a non-
               | existent or negative relationship between CBAs and
               | student performance.
               | 
               | I'm going to guess that there are far stronger
               | correlations with household wealth when it comes to
               | student performance than there are whether the students
               | are taught by teachers who are employed under a CBA.
               | 
               | > Or in the private sectors, non-unionized manufacturers
               | like Toyota and Honda always outperform legacy
               | manufacturers in the US on quality.
               | 
               | That could very well be because of how the cars are
               | engineered and made versus the union representation for
               | the people who make them.
               | 
               | GM, for example, tends to build cars in a way as to make
               | them as cheap as possible to build. That lets them
               | compete on price versus quality. You need the car now,
               | after all; what happens in 40k miles isn't as important
               | to you now. Of course, that comes with the risk, like
               | when some essential component on my college girlfriend's
               | Pontiac's shat the bed, and they'd had to take the entire
               | front of the car apart to replace it because it was
               | cheaper to build that way. They've just taken the price
               | of having a functioning vehicle and charged you for it at
               | the mechanic, not the dealership.
               | 
               | Toyota and Honda used to do the opposite, of course. You
               | were going to pay more (depending on exchange rate) upon
               | purchase of the vehicle but the result was that the car
               | wouldn't need as many trips to the mechanic. They've
               | since started doing more value engineering.
               | 
               | There's also a cultural difference between Japanese and
               | American businesses, but that's far more nebulous.
        
               | slt2021 wrote:
               | not true, it is better for the brand long-term to build
               | good cars. but unionized workforce makes it economically
               | unfeasible.
               | 
               | GM makes crappy because, if they tried to make high
               | quality cars, they would be priced like Cadillacs
        
               | mullingitover wrote:
               | We have an apples to apples comparison with Mexican-made
               | vehicles, though, since both GM and Toyota build there.
               | 
               | What's the excuse for the shoddy non-union Mexican GM
               | vehicles?
        
               | slt2021 wrote:
               | Mexico is an assembly operation to arbitrage cheap low
               | skill labor and preferential NAFTA-like agreements.
               | 
               | Vehicle designs, powertrains, critical components are all
               | made by the HQ or its suppliers.
        
               | mullingitover wrote:
               | Citation needed, because just a cursory check is showing
               | me plenty of powertrain manufacturing happening in
               | Mexico. Meanwhile if by critical components you mean
               | chips, I don't think there's a big semiconductor
               | manufacturing union that's kneecapping GM. Design is also
               | an apples to apples comparison, it's not a union job.
        
               | wahern wrote:
               | > There's also a cultural difference between Japanese and
               | American businesses, but that's far more nebulous.
               | 
               | The abstract cultural differences might be difficult to
               | articulate, but many of the effects are concrete: Toyota
               | still maintains lifetime employment for Japanese factory
               | employees. And Toyota factory workers in Japan _are_
               | represented by a union, AFAIU, though like Germany the
               | relationship between unions and management is less
               | adversarial in Japan.
               | 
               | Interestingly, the change in union employment in Japan
               | seems to have tracked the US, from a high of over 50%
               | mid-century to 16% today versus ~35% and ~10%,
               | respectively, in the U.S.
        
             | tayo42 wrote:
             | Did reagan do anything good in hindsight? Everytime I hear
             | about him he seems like the worst president until trump
             | came along
        
               | latentcall wrote:
               | Depends, were you rich in the 80's? If so he was amazing
               | at making you even richer.
        
               | garciasn wrote:
               | Nominated the first female to the Supreme Court, Sandra
               | Day O'Connor, and using his bully pulpit to pressure the
               | Soviet Union about East Germany and the eventual
               | dissolution of the USSR.
        
               | Octoth0rpe wrote:
               | He pushed for and signed this: https://en.wikipedia.org/w
               | iki/Immigration_Reform_and_Control...
               | 
               | which was a substantial improvement for millions of
               | people. It's worth pointing out that the one (and
               | probably only) good thing I can think of that Reagan did
               | would get him tossed out of today's republican party.
        
               | brandonmenc wrote:
               | The idea back then was a one-time amnesty in exchange for
               | a secure border, which didn't happen.
               | 
               | That's why Republicans are unwilling to budge a second
               | time.
        
               | wbl wrote:
               | Who ran ICE for the next 6 years?
        
               | mullingitover wrote:
               | The idea was actually that _employers_ would start to
               | bear some responsibility for knowingly hiring illegal
               | immigrants and thus creating an economic incentive for
               | the migration.
               | 
               | That didn't really happen. You see plenty of roundups of
               | illegal immigrants, many/most are employed. What you
               | don't see _ever_ are roundups of their employers.
               | 
               | If you want to actually see this problem solved
               | _immediately_ all you need to do is show a daily perp
               | walk of the employers on the evening news for a few
               | months.
        
               | gosub100 wrote:
               | He became very popular to hate on in the past midterms
               | because his position that "government IS the problem" is
               | more popular than ever given the last administration. It
               | was a vain effort to preempt what they knew was coming.
               | 
               | Seriously, why else would the name of a president who
               | hasn't served in 40 years suddenly be brought up all the
               | time?
        
             | ApolloFortyNine wrote:
             | The official investigation report is of course going to
             | take a bit, but the ATC audio is public, and the helicopter
             | was warned twice about the plane, and said they had a
             | visual of the plane.
             | 
             | Besides never missing an opportunity to 'slam' the
             | opposition, I have no idea why this is being construed as
             | an ATC failure.
        
               | bilbo0s wrote:
               | Well, I mean, if we can blame DEI?
               | 
               | That's part of the problem here, everyone is just taking
               | political potshots. Which is to be expected. But the
               | danger is you lose sight of the real issue. As you
               | mentioned, the helo pilot's loss of situational
               | awareness. (Did they ever even have situational
               | awareness?)
               | 
               | We can't be getting into these situations where every
               | crisis is met by this typical American emotional
               | reactionism. We can't be blaming the "left", or the
               | "right", or the most ridiculous one which was "it was the
               | black guys somehow". We gotta stop letting that crap
               | distract us.
        
               | mullingitover wrote:
               | I think the underlying problem was the irresponsible
               | amount of air traffic that has been allowed in that
               | space. It sounds like the pilot made a mistake any pilot
               | might've made and truly it was just a matter of time
               | until something like this happened given the overcrowded
               | nature of the air traffic in the area.
               | 
               | Operator error is only the first 'why' in the 5 whys for
               | this incident.
        
             | stevenwoo wrote:
             | Congress keeps approving more flights into DCA over the in
             | hindsight, clear objections by those in charge of safety at
             | DCA, the FAA and several congress people in the minority.
             | Congress people use it as their personal transit hub.
             | https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/30/us/reagan-airport-
             | flights...
        
             | WillPostForFood wrote:
             | It was 44 years ago. We have had 6 presidents since then.
             | Every single ATC controller from 1981 is retired, most for
             | over a decade. You probably should be looking at a more
             | proximate cause.
        
         | pfannkuchen wrote:
         | I thought the buyout offer went along with the cancellation of
         | remote work. Like, if you are thinking about quitting because
         | you don't want to come in, here have an extra incentive to do
         | that and take some time to find another job.
         | 
         | ATC already couldn't work remotely. The only people who would
         | take a deal like this would be people who were thinking about
         | quitting or retiring anyway. I suspect ATC will not be
         | substantially affected by people taking that deal.
        
           | csa wrote:
           | > I thought the buyout offer went along with the cancellation
           | of remote work.
           | 
           | Your sentiment is a result of their incredibly vague first
           | attempt at messaging.
           | 
           | The offer was (or ended up being) a full buyout offer. The
           | "offer" is probably genuine, but it's not a clean offer, as
           | many edge cases are unclear (e.g., can they terminate you if
           | they accept the offer... currently there is nothing stopping
           | them from doing that, how can someone of retirement age
           | accept the offer and then retire, etc.).
           | 
           | Iirc, ATCs can accept the buy out if they so chose. I'm
           | guessing most won't, as the ATC deal is good to stick with
           | until you retire.
           | 
           | Edit: Per the article, the status of the offer is unclear. It
           | wasn't cleared with the union before the letter was released,
           | and it hasn't been officially rescinded either (despite
           | comments that it has from DoT).
        
             | pfannkuchen wrote:
             | Sorry to be unclear, I didn't mean that only people
             | transitioning from remote to in person can take the buyout.
             | I meant that that is what the deal seemed to be targeting
             | based on the timing, like a release valve for people who
             | would be angry about switching back to in person.
        
               | csa wrote:
               | > I meant that that is what the deal seemed to be
               | targeting based on the timing, like a release valve for
               | people who would be angry about switching back to in
               | person.
               | 
               | That's a reasonable take.
               | 
               | I don't think anyone involved is actually on the same
               | page about targeting or intent. It's a complete shit
               | show.
               | 
               | I have many fed gov friends, and I'm getting some
               | incredible insider takes.
               | 
               | Interestingly, I think that the idea of reducing the
               | federal work force size has a lot of supporters from both
               | sides of the aisle, but this implementation has been
               | haphazard (at best).
               | 
               | A "good" implementation would remove a lot of "build
               | headcount" positions while also adding/filling positions
               | that are still lacking. ATCs and contracting (to name
               | two) fall under the latter.
        
               | runako wrote:
               | > but this implementation has been haphazard (at best).
               | 
               | Also, this doesn't save us any money at all. Congress
               | allocates money and in many cases specifies employment
               | levels. But like the OMB memo says -- taxpayers still
               | have to spend the money for these employees whether they
               | do any work or not.
               | 
               | The reason they are doing this haphazard mess is that
               | their positions are not popular and therefore cannot pass
               | in Congress.
        
               | csa wrote:
               | > Also, this doesn't save us any money at all. Congress
               | allocates money and in many cases specifies employment
               | levels.
               | 
               | Hmmm... this is short-term correct (at a minimum), but
               | may not be correct long term. Time will tell.
               | 
               | Yes, the money for current jobs has been
               | allocated/budgeted for the fiscal year, and the folks who
               | resign will actually be paid for not working until the
               | end of the fiscal year.
               | 
               | This is standard buyout stuff, and the government does
               | this every year on a smaller scale, usually targeting
               | high-paid, low productivity employees who are eligible to
               | retire.
               | 
               | That said, what happens next fiscal year? The speculation
               | is that the default will be that the positions vacated
               | will basically be lost -- as in, the slot/allocation will
               | no longer exist and will not get funded. I imagine
               | exceptions will exist, but this will create a noticeable
               | reduction in the federal workforce if it ends up this
               | way.
               | 
               | Said another way, paying 8 months for no work is cheaper
               | than paying for 5-10 years of unneeded/inefficient work
               | (at least that's the theory).
               | 
               | > The reason they are doing this haphazard mess is that
               | their positions are not popular and therefore cannot pass
               | in Congress.
               | 
               | As I mentioned above, I think there is broad support on
               | both sides for cutting and/or right-sizing the federal
               | workforce.
               | 
               | Anyone who has worked in or with the federal government
               | knows about instances of gratuitous headcount growth and
               | substantial underemployment _in some areas_. There exist
               | grifters who _maybe_ put in 10 hours a week on average of
               | very mediocre work for a salary that they absolutely
               | could not earn outside of the government.
               | 
               | These same people also know about areas of the government
               | that are grossly understaffed, seemingly in perpetuity
               | (ATCs, contracting, etc.) and/or extremely underpaid
               | (e.g., anything in tech).
               | 
               | I think it would be trivially easy to get broad support
               | in Congress to implement changes that fix these problems,
               | but that fix doesn't start with a hastily written "fork
               | you" all-hands e-mail.
               | 
               | All that said, all of this gratuitous motion is basically
               | a drop in the bucket compared to modest and reasonable
               | changes that could be made in social security,
               | Medicare/medicaid, and/or defense spending.
        
               | runako wrote:
               | You are correct that done deliberately, this could show
               | the lack of need for some roles. But as it is structured,
               | it is designed to get the best folks to leave, and from
               | unpredictable parts of the org and thus is unlikely to
               | show that result.
               | 
               | I think both sides are aligned in the desire to reduce
               | the size of government. (Which has been steadily
               | declining relative to the size of the population/economy
               | for something like 4 decades.)
               | 
               | However, the administration is not pushing for right-
               | sizing the workforce. They are proposing deeply unpopular
               | cuts to things Americans actually value, without any
               | debate or discussion of tradeoffs.
        
               | csa wrote:
               | > But as it is structured, it is designed to get the best
               | folks to leave, and from unpredictable parts of the org
               | and thus is unlikely to show that result.
               | 
               | I believe that this is largely how this round will turn
               | out. The numbers look very low so far (20k?).
               | 
               | > the administration is not pushing for right-sizing the
               | workforce. They are proposing deeply unpopular cuts to
               | things Americans actually value, without any debate or
               | discussion of tradeoffs.
               | 
               | Just to be clear, I agree with all of this.
               | 
               | As I mentioned above, this is an absolute shit show. If
               | chaos ensues, I think that will be seen as a success by
               | those making the top-level decisions.
               | 
               | Our system of checks and balances is completely broken
               | right now, and the limits are being tested by a group of
               | folks who have no concept of noblesse oblige.
               | 
               | The results will be interesting.
        
               | runako wrote:
               | > The numbers look very low so far (20k?).
               | 
               | I saw that, and it immediately made me realize that it's
               | sort of not a useful number without context. Are those
               | 20k spread roughly evenly across the government, or are
               | there places where everyone quit? I am sure there are
               | parts of government that will cease to function if the
               | wrong 500 people suddenly quit.
        
           | runako wrote:
           | The other set of people who might take the deal are people
           | who are concerned that the new administration will consider
           | them "DEI hires"[1] and fire them later in the year. This is
           | not an unreasonable fear given that the administration has
           | already blamed the DC crash on "DEI" and pledged to root out
           | "DEI" everywhere.
           | 
           | If you expect to be fired ~ in the fall, it is not
           | unreasonable to be interested in the offer to keep getting
           | paid from your federal job while you look for alternate
           | employment.
           | 
           | 1 - I am not going to get into who fits this category. The
           | point is which employees might _think_ they fit into this
           | category.
        
         | randerson wrote:
         | ATCs have the upper hand in this negotiation because they're
         | essential and can't be quickly replaced.
         | 
         | If enough ATCs quit that major airports have to be shut down or
         | reduce flights, the airlines (and stock market) will turn
         | against Trump pretty quickly. My guess is the going salary for
         | ATCs is going to increase substantially once they realize they
         | need to lure back those who quit.
         | 
         | I would love to see all ATCs in DC quit, and for others refuse
         | to work there, so that Trump and Musk feel the consequences for
         | their actions directly. Wouldn't it be great if Air Force One
         | was stranded because of this.
        
           | Octoth0rpe wrote:
           | > Wouldn't it be great if Air Force One was stranded because
           | of this.
           | 
           | I was under the impression that AF1 flew in/out of Andrews
           | air force base, which I (possibly naively?) assumed did not
           | use civilian ATC. But yes, that would be great :)
        
             | ianburrell wrote:
             | The US air space is civilian ATC. Air Force One couldn't go
             | anywhere if the area control and destination airport were
             | down.
        
         | mayneack wrote:
         | It seems they clawed back the offer or never gave it in the
         | first place.
         | 
         | https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-administration-exempt...
        
           | johnnyanmac wrote:
           | So what does that really mean for those he outright fired?
           | They didn't "resign".no one who (stupidly) responded to that
           | email to resign would have taken any effect anyway.
        
           | runako wrote:
           | They have nonetheless signaled that a subset of the staff is
           | marked for firing.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42936406
        
         | lesuorac wrote:
         | It's a colossal error to accept. The government isn't
         | authorized to do a buy-out by congress so you're just quitting
         | and won't receive the payment.
        
           | germinalphrase wrote:
           | It never was a buy out, and everyone should stop referring to
           | it as such.
        
             | Jtsummers wrote:
             | Yep. It was a pinky swear to maybe pay for 8 months that
             | might be able to be spent on leave, but none of it was
             | guaranteed.
             | 
             | The employee's agency determines if they spend it on leave,
             | not OPM. Congress will determine if there's even money
             | after March 14th available to pay for 8 months of anything,
             | let alone 8 months of admin leave.
        
         | stevenwoo wrote:
         | The number that I've heard that accepted that offer across the
         | government is in line with normal attrition rates with federal
         | employees - the only people who bit were already planning on
         | quitting. It appears that most or all else was wise to how
         | shady this deal was.
        
           | CYR1X wrote:
           | Part all of this BS is sure at twitter if you pull this you
           | might get a decent attrition rate but isn't the federal
           | government known for people never quitting? If they quit,
           | it's quiet quitting coming in every day and doing nothing.
           | Isn't that generally the purpose behind this too? Like...good
           | luck get a real amount of people to quit they are going to
           | hold on for dear life
        
       | Apreche wrote:
       | How many of those nerds who role play as air traffic controllers
       | on flight simulations at home qualified to do it for real? How
       | much extra training would they need?
        
         | 7speter wrote:
         | From what I understand, if they are over 30 and have less than
         | 20/20 vision, they aren't qualified.
        
           | wry_discontent wrote:
           | Do you have a date when that policy was instituted? I've
           | known a lot of air traffic controllers, and most of them wore
           | glasses.
        
             | dgfitz wrote:
             | First result in google for "air traffic controller
             | training"
             | 
             | https://www.faa.gov/air-traffic-controller-qualifications
             | 
             | Edit: I didn't take a stance on this topic, if you think I
             | did, you are incorrect. I was simply linking the website
             | that outlines the requirements instead of postulating as to
             | what they were.
        
               | Ichthypresbyter wrote:
               | AIUI that requirement can be met with vision _corrected
               | to_ 20 /20 by glasses.
        
               | nkurz wrote:
               | You didn't say exactly what you believe, but I think you
               | are mistaken if you are claiming that the FAA requires
               | _uncorrected_ 20:20 vision as a qualification.
               | 
               | "With FAA order 3930.3B ATC vision standards were made
               | similar to airman standards. With or without correction
               | air traffic controllers must demonstrate 20/20 distant
               | vision in each eye separately, 20/40 in each eye at 16
               | inches near vision, and 20/40 in each eye at 32 inches
               | intermediate vision if they are 50 years of age or older.
               | Glasses or contact lenses are permitted."
               | 
               | https://aviationmedicine.com/article/vision-and-faa-
               | standard...
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | I made no claims at all, I linked reference material.
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | Aaah, the good old "I'm just saying" defense.
               | 
               | Why wouldn't you take a stand on such an important topic,
               | or at least get your facts right, or at less than the
               | least read the article you're linking to, unless your
               | stance is indefensible, or you have no idea what you're
               | talking about, and are just a concern troll?
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | What are you on about? I was trying to aid the discussion
               | of "requirements to be an ATC" and you're pissed I don't
               | give a fuck about what those requirements are? Don't have
               | strong opinions on them? What the fuck?
               | 
               | I don't give a fuck, and have ZERO opinions on them.
        
             | simplicio wrote:
             | Think the qualification is to get into the training
             | program, presumably air traffic controllers who develop
             | near nearsightedness later in life aren't summarily fired.
             | 
             | Still, seems like a crazy requirement.
        
           | lenerdenator wrote:
           | Seems like a problem to me; nearsightedness is becoming more
           | and more common.
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | Which is basically a problem with how we do school. Turns
             | out that making teenagers stare at screens all the time
             | mints a lot of near sighted 20 year olds who wouldn't have
             | otherwise been.
        
         | psunavy03 wrote:
         | The irony of someone on THIS site of all of them scoffing at
         | other people for being nerds . . .
        
         | schmookeeg wrote:
         | It's an interesting thought. I wonder if VATSIM could provide a
         | meaningful "pre-ATC" qualification. The people are already
         | clearly interested/enthusiastic about the job.
        
           | fatbird wrote:
           | I was told by a private pilot that the people on VATSIM are
           | usually real air traffic controllers keeping in practice to
           | do things like ATC the big air shows, which are volunteer
           | ATC.
        
       | hansvm wrote:
       | This should be easy enough to solve. Cut the hours back to
       | something sane, and as much as possible time the airport closures
       | in ways that affect the ruling class. You get bonus points if
       | their jets are also delayed during normal taxiing and clearance
       | requests -- explain that it's for their safety, since they're
       | more important than everyone else and can't slot in to the same
       | sorts of back-to-back landings that the common folk use.
        
         | wry_discontent wrote:
         | The ruling class makes the rules, though. That's their whole
         | deal. That's why nothing works right.
        
           | kelseyfrog wrote:
           | It works right for them though. Curious question: Shouldn't
           | those with a bigger stake in the economy have a bigger say in
           | how it's ran?
        
             | johnnyanmac wrote:
             | Not in a representative republic, no. Those with more money
             | don't need the safety net that all us governments spend the
             | majority on the budget on. That's why the current coup is
             | so terrifying.
             | 
             | But yes, it inevitably devolves into that in practice.
             | Because money gives you more time to make your voice heard,
             | or delegate it to someone else representing you. Or simply
             | bribing others.
        
         | _jss wrote:
         | You'd have to change more regulations, because airports don't
         | close when ATC closes, it regresses to an untowered airport
         | environment (and related airspace designation).
         | 
         | ATC is there to provide specific services that increase safety
         | and throughput (mostly by sequencing and separation).
         | 
         | If you did this with the ruling class, they'd likely pass
         | regulations that would benefit themselves disproportionately
         | and hurt general aviation (the small little Cessnas flying
         | around). There is already a bunch of problems with privatized
         | ATC, don't make it worse.
        
         | GiorgioG wrote:
         | > Cut the hours back to something sane, and as much as possible
         | time the airport closures in ways that affect the ruling class
         | 
         | The ruling class flies private aircraft and don't have to
         | operate out of large municipal airports.
        
           | sc68cal wrote:
           | They're not going to want to fly to a tiny airport in the
           | middle of nowhere and then have to drive into the city. That
           | defeats the whole point
        
             | GiorgioG wrote:
             | A friend of mine is a pilot for these types of folks
             | (founders of non-tech household names), unless they're
             | going to an event (say the Super Bowl), they fly into
             | smaller airports.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Even the super bowl they are flying into smaller airports
               | in the region.
        
             | pavel_lishin wrote:
             | There are many airports within easy driving distance of
             | major metropolitan areas, and regardless of what happens,
             | once they get off the plane they get into a car driven by a
             | driver.
             | 
             | I don't think it matters much to them whether they spend
             | the hour in traffic out of JFK, or on a highway from White
             | Plains.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | Most places I've lived, there are tiny airports much more
             | conveniently located than the large commercial airport. I
             | would absolutely fly out of smaller airports, but don't
             | because I fly commercial, and if they even fly out of the
             | smaller airports it usually means more stops.
             | 
             | Depends where you're going though. DCA looks pretty
             | convenient if you're visiting the capital; but lots of big
             | cities have smaller airports that are more convenient if
             | you can land at any airport.
        
         | psunavy03 wrote:
         | This is childish.
        
           | patmorgan23 wrote:
           | No, it's making the people who have influence feel the pain
           | of the problem so that maybe they'll fix it.
        
             | legitster wrote:
             | The bulk of the pain is going to be felt by normal people
             | and working class. Best case scenario you will only solve
             | the problem at the airports the rich and wealthy use and
             | leave the rest of us out to dry.
        
       | wry_discontent wrote:
       | My dad was an air traffic controller until the mid 10's and this
       | has been a problem easily since like 2005.
       | 
       | They struggled to recruit people who could do the job at all, and
       | when people got into the building to be trained (after an initial
       | training) most of them would quit because they couldn't do it.
        
         | fatbird wrote:
         | Is there no way to restructure the job to be less onerous to
         | the individual? I don't mean software that automates things, I
         | mean things like more staff, shorter hours, etc. Or is there an
         | irreducible complexity to it that mandates a single person
         | handle everything in a given sector?
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | I'm not an ATC, but I think there's a clear need for
           | awareness of potentially conflicting traffic. If you divide
           | that traffic over more people, you need to add communication
           | between the controllers in a way that you don't when it's all
           | handled by a single person.
           | 
           | That's not to say there's not ways to divide it up, but it's
           | not always easily divisible. Well implemented technology can
           | help, but poorly implemented technology can hurt, so
           | everything needs to be done slowly and carefully.
        
             | kccqzy wrote:
             | What if you divide the work by time? Give each person a
             | two-hour workday. Would that reduce stress?
        
       | ArlenBales wrote:
       | I fear this will lead to Trump pushing OpenAI to use AI for air
       | traffic controllers, which is going to result in a lot of deaths.
       | Could AI eventually do the job? Maybe, but it will be a bloody
       | road to get there.
        
         | xnx wrote:
         | Wrong! He'll push to use Grok. /s
        
         | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
         | If you mean the current fad for LLMs, then yeah it's absolutely
         | the wrong tools for the job.
         | 
         | But "planning what best goes where when" could very much be
         | algorithmic, yes. AI in the sense that A* path finding, and
         | Kuhn's Hungarian algorithm for optimisation are "AI".
        
       | butterlettuce wrote:
       | Fellas, I got a question.
       | 
       | Is it really safe to fly these days if this is now a national
       | discussion?
        
         | psunavy03 wrote:
         | It has always been and will continue to be more safe than
         | driving to the airport. The fact that something extraordinarily
         | safe is potentially less safe is a topic for discussion, but
         | not at the expense of realizing the relative risks of
         | everything else.
         | 
         | Prior to the midair at DCA, there had not been a fatal (edit)
         | airliner crash in this country since 2009, and there had not
         | been a midair collision involving an airliner since the 1970s.
         | The fact that some people have an irrational fear of flying
         | does not justify that irrational fear dictating policy any more
         | than people who have an irrational fear of clowns wanting them
         | banned.
        
           | iancmceachern wrote:
           | But is it as safe today as it was a year ago today?
        
             | psunavy03 wrote:
             | Statistically, yes.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | Based on what data? In 2024 there were 0 domestic airline
               | collisions in 16 million flights, in 2025 there was 1 in
               | 1.3 million.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Which is statistically the same number.
        
               | iancmceachern wrote:
               | Then we are looking at the wrong (meaningless)
               | statistics. The while point of stats is to turn data into
               | meaningful distillatios of trends so that we can act upon
               | them. If plane crash deaths are increasing and its not
               | shown in the stats, then we need better stats no?
        
               | iancmceachern wrote:
               | How many crashes do the statistics allow before they
               | start reflecting a different answer to my question?
        
           | kaikai wrote:
           | Where are your dates from? According to the Wikipedia page,
           | there have been multiple fatal plane crashes in the US since
           | 2009, including a midair collision in 2019 (although not an
           | airliner).
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fatal_accidents_and_.
           | ..
        
             | jgwil2 wrote:
             | The parent commenter misspoke; they meant there was not a
             | fatal accident involving a _commercial_ airliner from 2009
             | to 2025. Commercial aviation is much more highly regulated,
             | and much safer, than general aviation.
        
               | kaikai wrote:
               | Nope, sorry, that page describes multiple commercial
               | accidents resulting in fatalities, since 2009.
               | 
               | The Asiana crash at SFO had multiple fatalities, and was
               | in 2013.
               | 
               | From the Wikipedia page:
               | 
               | "This is a list of fatal commercial aviation accidents
               | and incidents in or in the vicinity of the United States
               | or its territories. It comprises a subset of both the
               | list of accidents and incidents involving airliners in
               | the United States and the list of accidents and incidents
               | involving commercial aircraft. It does not include
               | fatalities due to accidents and incidents solely
               | involving private aircraft or military aircraft."
        
               | mplanchard wrote:
               | The 2009 fact is commercial US airlines, specifically
        
           | sho_hn wrote:
           | There are fatal plane crashes in the US every year - in
           | General Aviation (which often may not talk to ATC at all).
           | Important to make the distinction :-)
        
             | psunavy03 wrote:
             | I meant airliner crash.
        
           | almosthere wrote:
           | whats the current miles driven vs miles flown vs death rates
           | of both? Not taking a side, I'm just curious here.
        
           | johnnyanmac wrote:
           | > The fact that something extraordinarily safe is potentially
           | less safe is a topic for discussion, but not at the expense
           | of realizing the relative risks of everything else.
           | 
           | Given the leadership, I don't trust it to not get less safe,
           | fast. We're not in statistically normal times. I highly doubt
           | it's a coincidence that Trump fires various controllers and
           | less than a week later we get that first midair collision in
           | 16 years.
           | 
           | You can talk statistics, but the physics are another
           | magnitude. I get in a really bad wreck and car safety
           | standards may let me walk away without a scratch. No amount
           | of safety can protect against a multi thousand foot droop
           | from freefall.
        
           | gtsop wrote:
           | > The fact that some people have an irrational fear of flying
           | does not justify that irrational fear dictating policy
           | 
           | Go tell that to the casualties. Oh wait, you can't. Which
           | part of them being dead is irrational exactly?
        
         | mooreds wrote:
         | Here's a study[0] looking at data from 2022 that says flying
         | keeps getting safer. The press release[1] has some nice quotes:
         | 
         | > "You might think there is some irreducible risk level we
         | can't get below," adds Barnett, a leading expert in air travel
         | safety and operations. "And yet, the chance of dying during an
         | air journey keeps dropping by about 7 percent annually, and
         | continues to go down by a factor of two every decade."
         | 
         | 0:
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S09696...
         | 
         | 1: https://news.mit.edu/2024/study-flying-keeps-getting-
         | safer-0...
        
           | bloopernova wrote:
           | I think the grandparent comment is asking within the context
           | of the past couple of weeks.
           | 
           | Not saying that your sources aren't useful or anything.
        
         | foxyv wrote:
         | USA Air Traffic deaths spiked back in 2018 during the Boeing
         | 737 Max debacle. They have declined since then. With the
         | introduction of ADS-B things are only getting safer for
         | commercial air travel. A lack of ATC personnel will probably
         | just mean airport delays and cancelled flights. They can't get
         | any more tired and burnt out than they are now.
        
         | ranger_danger wrote:
         | I don't think there can be a single simple answer to that
         | question.
        
         | ethbr1 wrote:
         | As with all things in current news: yes.
         | 
         | The reason this (and Boeing before it) are in the news is
         | because the US air system is incredibly safe.
         | 
         | For perspective, there are ~27,000 US passenger flights _per
         | day_. [0]
         | 
         | I think the last commercial US passenger carrier midair
         | collision was in 1990?
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mid-air_collisions
         | 
         | [0] https://www.airlines.org/impact/
        
       | trunnell wrote:
       | To those who know more about ATC: is there any hope of
       | automation?
        
         | kelseyfrog wrote:
         | I don't know more about ATC, but it looks like a field ripe for
         | disruption and innovation. AI should be able to handle the
         | coordination of flights without the downside of the delays and
         | limitations of the human training pipeline, worker fatigue, and
         | stress - all for less expense. The more I think about it, the
         | more I feel like I could have something tangible at the end of
         | a weekend or two - at least a prototype.
        
           | unsnap_biceps wrote:
           | one that you would trust the lives of thousands of humans to
           | every day? It seems unlikely we are anywhere close to a point
           | where we can ensure that any AI won't hallucinate and cause
           | an issue.
        
             | kelseyfrog wrote:
             | Sure, AI can spit out nonsense, and that's a real concern.
             | But in engineering, we deal with imperfect tradeoffs every
             | day - it's baked into the job. If we insist on a flawless
             | solution before shipping anything, we'll never ship.
             | There's always an optimum where we uphold safety standards
             | without sacrificing forward progress
        
           | c-cube wrote:
           | I sincerely hope this is satire (it sure is very HN in
           | nature). "AI" in its current generative incarnation is prone
           | to hallucinations/confabulations that cannot be avoided. In
           | what world is that compatible with a job where a mistake can
           | kill hundreds of people a few minutes or seconds later?
        
           | parliament32 wrote:
           | I would not want a text generator to "handle" anything
           | responsible for human lives.
        
         | opoolaka wrote:
         | Ton of people are working on it,
         | 
         | but forget the focus on automating air traffic control,
         | datalink, complex ground IT, remote controls.. That is way to
         | costly and difficult to do in the context of a collection of
         | decentralized legacy systems.
         | 
         | Instead most people are trying to get rid of paper strips
         | (notes used by ATC), and sell complex system that try to
         | automate conflict management.
         | 
         | The hard thing is to improve the UX, the ATC has to communicate
         | with humans (hard even with the highly codified language used),
         | and DO NOT want to solve technical issues, the system has to
         | indicate potential conflicts well in advance but not nag for it
         | at a bad time. They are a lot of human factors to take in
         | consideration and a system well designed with the air traffic
         | controller at the center of it could help a lot.
        
         | Grevling wrote:
         | I was in ATC training in the 90s and this was discussed among
         | teachers and ATC personell. The common saying was that pilots
         | would disappear from cockpits before ATC personell were
         | removed, at least from tower control. There are typically three
         | kinds of ATC: Tower control, approach/departure control and
         | area control for controlling planes when cruising. I haven't
         | followed this in years but my impression is that better
         | monitoring equipment allows for fewer area controllers to
         | control bigger areas. I believe area control is the most likely
         | to get automated but this is quite a guess. Approach control is
         | about using radar (or no radar, procedural approach control is
         | a thing) lining up planes to land on a runway. The planes are
         | handed over from approach to tower control when the plane is on
         | final approach. There is also ground control for taxiing on
         | larger airports. But, not least. Do not underestimate the value
         | of having trained personell using radio to great effect. Any
         | belief that modern touch gadgets are better than radio is
         | silly. Humans are also very capable at speaking while
         | performing advanced tasks.
        
         | paraboli wrote:
         | It's been reported that the elevation of the helicopter was
         | reported as hundreds of feet off. It's unlikely it was just an
         | issue at the specific tower the crash occurred at. If they
         | can't even get accurate elevation data there's no way they'll
         | be able to automate.
        
       | harimau777 wrote:
       | How much do they get paid?
        
         | mooreds wrote:
         | From https://www.faa.gov/jobs/career_fields/aviation_careers :
         | 
         | > The approximate median annual wage for air traffic control
         | specialists is $127,805. The salaries for entry-level air
         | traffic control specialists increase as they complete each new
         | training phase.
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | Seems like reasonable pay for what is a very important job.
           | Wouldn't object to paying much much more.
        
             | RandomBacon wrote:
             | I'm an Air Traffic Controller and I'm required by the FAA
             | to say these opinions are my own and not necessarily of the
             | FAA.
             | 
             | Some fully-certified air traffic controllers cannot afford
             | to live where they work, not to mention the trainees that
             | have the added stress of training and making less money. At
             | my first facility, to live within 45 minutes of work, my
             | whole paycheck went to rent, thank goodness I had savings
             | from my previous job.
             | 
             | With regards to stress, other controllers have told me
             | about how they arrive at home after work not remembering
             | their drive home, or driving slowly in silence. I remember
             | trying to open my apartment door with my car fob/remote one
             | time wondering why it wasn't working.
             | 
             | And that pay is on par with M-F 9-5 desk jobs that don't
             | kill you mentally and physically. ATC is 24/7 and is
             | notorious for leading to drinking problems, suicide, etc.
             | Entry-level pilots for major airlines make more per hour
             | than us, and we're pay-capped by law and will never make as
             | much as their captains.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | Most people don't make that much and live lots of places.
               | 
               | Not sure that "can't afford to" is quite on the nose, but
               | terminology aside I wouldn't object to paying them more.
        
             | silisili wrote:
             | I think they deserve much more, if for nothing else than
             | because their career is age limited. And it's not like they
             | can go work somewhere else with their career skills at that
             | point. Pensions exist, but it's really a career you have to
             | plan for and dedicate your life to.
        
         | francisofascii wrote:
         | Found this helpful site. https://123atc.com/salary Assuming it
         | is accurate, the pay scale at an airport like DCA is $137K -
         | $185K. SFO $180K-237K. Smaller airports are a lot less.
         | Lancing, MI: $70 - 94K.
        
       | bloopernova wrote:
       | (this is going to sound like I think this can be fixed with a
       | technical solution. I don't)
       | 
       | I wonder what the software UX is like for ATC, and if there's
       | room for improvement? Is the software/hardware ancient? I'd hope
       | that it is absolutely rock solid but knowing big custom projects
       | I'm not very hopeful!
        
         | perihelions wrote:
         | They have fascinatingly ancient UX:
         | 
         | https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/technology/tfdm/efs (Image
         | caption: _" Paper flight strips currently in use_")
        
           | everybodyknows wrote:
           | [delayed]
        
       | joshuaheard wrote:
       | Seems ripe for disruption with AI.
        
       | ryandrake wrote:
       | If you live in the Bay Area on the Peninsula, you'll be excited
       | to know that the San Carlos airport and the FAA are in a pissing
       | match over their air traffic controllers' pay, threatening to un-
       | staff the control tower and leave that very busy airspace without
       | tower control. The tower was set to go dark on Feb 1st[1] but it
       | looks like there is now a temporary extension[2] keeping it
       | staffed. Why these guys need to play a game of chicken when lives
       | are at stake, I have no idea.
       | 
       | 1: https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/bay-area-airport-
       | losing-...
       | 
       | 2: https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/san-carlos-airport-
       | reach...
        
         | schmookeeg wrote:
         | I still don't understand why KSQL is a contract tower and not a
         | full FAA-managed tower.
        
           | jjtheblunt wrote:
           | Did the call sign go to KSQL because of Oracle being right
           | there?
        
             | kccqzy wrote:
             | No it predates Oracle, including when it was still called
             | Software Development Laboratories.
        
       | ceedan wrote:
       | Honestly surprised that airlines don't have options to tip the
       | air traffic control crew, with how tipping culture is these days
        
         | RandomBacon wrote:
         | I don't think we're allowed to take bribes. We are not even
         | supposed to own stocks in any of the airline companies. I give
         | everyone "direct" equally, to the best of my ability barring
         | any restrictions.
        
       | tim333 wrote:
       | There's a lawsuit going on:
       | 
       | >FAA embroiled in lawsuit alleging it turned away 1,000
       | applicants based on race -- that contributed to staffing woes
       | https://nypost.com/2025/01/31/us-news/faa-embroiled-in-lawsu...
       | 
       | The guy behind it is quite interesting. Got 100% on his exams but
       | told they were only hiring 'diverse' folk
       | https://archive.ph/ixmFB
        
         | legitster wrote:
         | > When Mr Brigida tried again to become an air traffic
         | controller under the new tests, he said he failed the
         | biographical questionnaire because he "didn't fit the preferred
         | ethnic profile".
         | 
         | This dude leading the lawsuit is incredibly unreliable. The ATC
         | biographical assessment didn't have any race-based questions -
         | it was just a decision making questionnaire:
         | https://123atc.com/biographical-assessment
         | 
         | It was a questionable assessment, but the idea that he failed
         | it for being white is peak self-victimization.
         | 
         | The risk of DEI was fast-passing under-qualified candidates, or
         | that they were misplacing their recruitment efforts. But the
         | idea that they would not be filling necessary positions with
         | qualified white people continues to be something of a polemic
         | myth.
        
           | RandomBacon wrote:
           | I don't know anything about the lawsuit, but I do know that
           | someone leaked the "answers" to members of a group
           | representing people of a specific race.
           | 
           | (Opinions are my own and not necessarily that of the FAA.)
        
             | legitster wrote:
             | I literally linked to a study website for test, I don't
             | think you had to be a member of a secret racial kabal to
             | get answers.
             | 
             | Furthermore, the bias was literally baked into the test -
             | certain minority candidates got to skip the test
             | altogether. Although it's still not evidence that qualified
             | white people were prevented from filling in vacancies.
        
               | RandomBacon wrote:
               | > I literally linked to a study website for test
               | 
               | It looks like you did not read what you linked to.
               | 
               | That's not a study guide for the biographical
               | questionaire. There was never a study guide for
               | biographical questionaire.
               | 
               | > certain minority candidates got to skip the test
               | altogether.
               | 
               | Source?
               | 
               | > I don't think...
               | 
               | That's okay. I know the answers were leaked. However you
               | can speculate all you want about ridiculous "secret
               | racial kabals".
        
               | bilbo0s wrote:
               | Wow.
               | 
               | There's people who actually believe this stuff?
               | 
               | Hopefully these people are not allowed to infect the NTSB
               | with their idiocy. We have to keep focused on safety.
               | Which means we don't ignore the root cause of helo pilots
               | losing, (or maybe even never even having), situational
               | awareness.
               | 
               | How can we make the space safe even if helo pilots lose
               | situational awareness?
               | 
               | All this DEI nonsense has to take a back seat to
               | answering those primary safety related questions. This is
               | not a game, or political rally, or whatever. We have to
               | fix this.
        
           | rufus_foreman wrote:
           | >> The ATC biographical assessment didn't have any race-based
           | questions - it was just a decision making questionnaire
           | 
           | Looks like this is the case,
           | https://casetext.com/case/brigida-v-buttigieg-1.
           | 
           | "Though not at issue in this motion, the Plaintiffs allege
           | that the FAA failed to 'validate' the Biographical
           | Questionnaire, and that the Biographical Questionnaire
           | awarded points to applicants in a fashion untethered to the
           | qualifications necessary to be an air traffic controller. For
           | instance, applicants could be awarded fifteen points, the
           | highest possible for any question, if they indicated their
           | lowest grade in high school was in a science class. But
           | applicants received only two points if they had a pilot's
           | certificate, and no points at all if they had a Control Tower
           | Operator rating, even though historic research data indicated
           | that those criteria had 'a positive relationship with ATCS
           | training outcomes'. Further, if applicants answered that they
           | had not been employed at all in the prior three years, they
           | received 10 points, the most awarded for that question."
           | 
           | Can you explain to me why it was more important for air
           | traffic controller candidates to be bad at science and
           | unemployed than it was for them to be pilots or trained in
           | air traffic control?
        
           | XCabbage wrote:
           | Indeed, it didn't have race-based questions, which I don't
           | think anyone claimed. Rather it had _totally arbitrary_
           | questions, not related to merit in any plausible way, and a
           | score cutoff that made it highly likely you 'd fail if you
           | hadn't been tipped off with the correct answers.
           | 
           | For instance, there is a 15-point question for which you have
           | to answer that your worst grade in high school was in
           | Science, and a separate 15-point question where you have to
           | answer that your worst grade in college was in
           | History/Political Science; picking any of the other options
           | (each question has 5 possible answers) means 0 marks for that
           | question. Collectively, these two questions alone account for
           | one eighth of all the available points. (Many questions were
           | red herrings that were actually worth nothing.)
           | 
           | But then the same blacks-only group that had lobbied
           | internally to get the questionairre instituted (the National
           | Black Coalition of Federal Aviation Employees) leaked the
           | "correct" answers to the arbitrary questions to its members,
           | allowing them to get full marks. Effectively this was a race-
           | based hiring cartel. Non-blacks couldn't pass; blacks
           | unwilling to join segregated racial affinity groups or
           | unwilling to cheat the test couldn't pass; but corrupt blacks
           | just needed to cheat when invited to and they would pass
           | easily, entering the merit-based stage of hiring with the
           | competition already eliminated by the biographical
           | questionairre.
           | 
           | (A sad injustice is that blacks who wouldn't join the NBCFAE
           | or cheat the test, and so suffered the same unfair
           | disadvantage as whites, are excluded from the class in the
           | class-action lawsuit over this whole mess. Since the legal
           | argument is that it was discrimination against non-blacks,
           | blacks don't get to sue - they lost out because of their
           | integrity, not their race, and they have no recourse at law
           | for that.)
           | 
           | See the questions at https://github.com/kaisoapbox/kaisoapbox
           | .github.io/blob/main... or read an account of the story at
           | either https://www.tracingwoodgrains.com/p/the-faas-hiring-
           | scandal-... (short) or
           | https://www.tracingwoodgrains.com/p/the-full-story-of-the-
           | fa... (long).
        
             | ch4s3 wrote:
             | I don't understand how this isn't a giant public scandal.
             | Is there something I'm missing here?
        
               | legitster wrote:
               | It was a public scandal, which is why Congress passed a
               | law in 2016.
        
       | legitster wrote:
       | Everyone is going to make this about money or unions or etc, but
       | my employer briefly worked with some ATC employee groups and I
       | can tell you exactly why they are short staffed:
       | 
       | - The FAA has strict hiring requirements. You have to be mentally
       | and physically capable, and by their own admission less than 10%
       | of applicants are qualified for the job. https://www.faa.gov/air-
       | traffic-controller-qualifications
       | 
       | - The training and onboarding process is incredibly long, and
       | turnover is high
       | 
       | - The fundamentals and technology of the job have not changed in
       | decades, despite air traffic exploding in recent years
       | 
       | - Most people are just not capable of the amount of stress and
       | risk associated with the job
       | 
       | - Seriously, it's a really freaking stressful job
       | 
       | I would argue an ATC employee is worth every penny, but I also
       | don't think there is a magical amount of money where you are
       | going to suddenly double your pool of candidates willing to do
       | this kind of work. These people are already very well
       | compensated, and at a certain point you are just going to be
       | cannibalizing other talent pools.
       | 
       | The real need is new and modern technology that automates much of
       | the mistake-prone, human-centric tasks. But nobody wants to risk
       | introducing changes to such a fragile system.
        
         | RandomBacon wrote:
         | > I also don't think there is a magical amount of money where
         | you are going to suddenly double your pool of candidates
         | willing to do this kind of work.
         | 
         | There would be more people interested in aviation choosing to
         | be ATC than a pilot if our pay matched that of major airline
         | pilots.
         | 
         | There are people going through the training and then quiting
         | when they realize that can't get an opening in their hometown
         | because that spot is reserved for a random person one week
         | behind them in the FAA academy, and the pay won't make it worth
         | moving away from their family.
         | 
         | There are more examples, and appropriate pay would fix most of
         | them.
         | 
         | (Opinions are my own and not necessarily that of the FAA.)
        
           | legitster wrote:
           | > at a certain point you are just going to be cannibalizing
           | other talent pools
           | 
           | I don't think any sane person would be against raising ATC
           | wages. But to refer back to my post, the situation might be
           | different if it there were not also a massive _pilot_
           | shortage as well! If these two pools of talent mostly overlap
           | raising wages on one will probably just pull from the other.
           | 
           | It's probably a combination of raising wages and putting more
           | money into recruiting teenagers considering vocational
           | programs.
        
             | bbarnett wrote:
             | Because we are an aged society, with such an incredibly low
             | birth rate, this will only get worse.
             | 
             | There are only so many competent people in our society, and
             | that talent pool is being spread thin across all sectors of
             | society which require such candidates.
             | 
             | There are looming doctor shortages, too. Professionals of
             | all stripes.
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | The birth rate thing is a bit of a canard in this
               | context. There are something like 100 million Americans
               | under the age of 30.. we'll have some demographic
               | problems in a generation or two but there are plenty of
               | people to staff the physician and ATC roles.
               | 
               | https://www.statista.com/statistics/241488/population-of-
               | the...
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | A doctor shortage cannot be solved with more money,
               | sadly! It needs to be solved with political / regulatory
               | means, allowing more people go through the hospital
               | training / practice programs and become doctors.
        
         | grotted wrote:
         | I work closely with transportation dispatchers, and this
         | applies almost word for word
        
         | ryandrake wrote:
         | > I would argue an ATC employee is worth every penny, but I
         | also don't think there is a magical amount of money where you
         | are going to suddenly double your pool of candidates willing to
         | do this kind of work. These people are already very well
         | compensated, and at a certain point you are just going to be
         | cannibalizing other talent pools.
         | 
         | It wouldn't happen overnight, but surely if ATC had a similar
         | compensation reputation as, say, investment banking, we
         | wouldn't have the pipeline problem that we do now. Surely banks
         | don't have a problem finding young, quick thinking minds to put
         | through _their_ pressure factories. I don 't think the ATC
         | candidate pool is currently even close to the limit of people
         | who could take the stress and do the work. Offer controllers
         | starting salaries of $1M/yr and see how things start to change.
         | 
         | Your point in the other thread about marketing the job to
         | teenagers is also good. I wouldn't be surprised if most of the
         | people interested in ATC aren't already "aviation adjacent" to
         | some degree (ex-military, family are pilots, and so on)
        
           | bbarnett wrote:
           | It's a different kind of pressure. Lives aren't on the line
           | making trades, not like air travel. This lends to a different
           | type of stress.
           | 
           | Losing millions for your boss, losing your job != killing
           | hundreds with a single mistake made in seconds.
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | part of the problem is the structural problems caused by high
           | turnover are themselves causing high turnover. people can't
           | take vacation, people need to work 6 days 12 hours a week.
           | 
           | there is also the issue of location. where applicants are and
           | where controllers are needed is often two distinct circles
           | and once you throw relocation into remote areas into the mix
           | it becomes really unattractive.
        
             | stevage wrote:
             | And not allowing people to take anxiety meds is nuts. Some
             | of those meds seem perfect for this job, putting you in a
             | very mellow, but focused state.
        
           | avn2109 wrote:
           | The million dollar salary thing is compelling. I would
           | certainly switch careers from ML engineering for a million
           | bucks of cash comp, especially in a low CoL location :) Also,
           | the "30 years old" thing mentioned in the GP seems excessive,
           | surely if they were really desperate to staff up, they could
           | loosen that age limit.
        
             | kccqzy wrote:
             | My own experience tells me that past 30 years old my
             | thinking is slightly slower in the form of slightly longer
             | reaction times, and slightly longer time to recall specific
             | facts. This hardly matters in my current job but perhaps
             | ATC would be different. Perhaps they are taking that into
             | account.
        
           | pbalau wrote:
           | I think this is a naive way of looking at the problem. People
           | that start working in banks, generally do that as a starting
           | point. ATC is the end of the road for that career.
           | 
           | Working in a bank is the start of a quite lucrative career,
           | working as an ATC is the end.
           | 
           | Indeed, we can offer more money to ATC, but there is not a
           | lot, progression wise.
           | 
           | Honestly, how would a junior ATC look like, compared with a
           | senior?
        
             | nine_k wrote:
             | Look at how much a senior airline pilot makes, compared to
             | a junior.
        
         | kylehotchkiss wrote:
         | It seems like a good career path for people retiring from
         | commercial aviation. They have been on the other end of ATC and
         | know the gravity of the situation.
        
           | el_benhameen wrote:
           | There is a maximum age for atc applicants (31) that
           | unfortunately makes this infeasible.
        
           | sombrero_john wrote:
           | You must be younger than 31 to qualify for training as an
           | ATC: https://www.faa.gov/faq/what-are-age-requirements-
           | individual...
        
             | Melatonic wrote:
             | Does seem odd to me - why restrict it this low? People are
             | living longer and healthier than ever into older years (and
             | better vision)
        
         | AutistiCoder wrote:
         | I've dreamed of having an AI model run ATC.
         | 
         | Just train an AI on ATC recordings and other data, maybe throw
         | in some reinforcement learning,and then test it in low-stakes
         | commercial airspace (like a regional airport)
        
           | paulproteus wrote:
           | Sounds good! Maybe you can start a business and have a low-
           | stakes regional airport work with you. I think the main way
           | to do it is as an add-on/assistant for the existing toolset.
        
           | jaredwiener wrote:
           | What is "low stakes"? This is quite literally life-or-death.
           | 
           | Also, just FYI -- airports don't hire their own ATC; it's all
           | FAA (or the equivalent wherever you are located.)
        
         | calmbonsai wrote:
         | It's fiction, but for some sense of ATC stress, watch "Pushing
         | Tin": https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushing_Tin
        
         | fiftyfifty wrote:
         | I've toured a couple of ATC towers recently and my impression
         | was they were surprisingly low tech. A tech upgrade seems like
         | the most viable solution at this point. There are processes for
         | writing and testing software and hardware for environments such
         | as this, but the government needs to be willing to make the
         | investment.
        
           | Melatonic wrote:
           | If anything tech upgrades could potentially just make the job
           | less stressful for current traffic controllers - which might
           | end up (long term) with big benefits for everyone.
        
           | AnthonyMouse wrote:
           | The general problem here is that we need to do something
           | about the government contracting process. It has been
           | thoroughly captured by large government contractors who do
           | mediocre work for enormous sums of money while excluding
           | anyone who could do better from the process through
           | corruption and red tape.
           | 
           | Which in turn means that important systems become frozen in
           | time because upgrade attempts become boondoggles that can't
           | meet requirements until they're so far over budget they get
           | canceled.
           | 
           | One of the major problems that should be fixed immediately is
           | that the government pays for code to be written but then
           | doesn't own it, which makes them dependent on the contractor
           | for maintenance. Instead they should be using open source
           | software and, when custom code is necessary, requiring it to
           | be released into the public domain, both for the benefit of
           | the public (who might then be able to submit improvements to
           | the code they're required to use!) and so that maintenance
           | can be done by someone other than the original contractor.
        
         | jasondigitized wrote:
         | I might get absolutely destroyed for this but here goes. We
         | have video games like Fortnite that can handle collision
         | detection across a hundred players with bullets flying
         | everywhere. Is it that much of a stretch to use similar
         | technology and things like text to speech to help air traffic
         | controllers do a better job? Genuinely curious about the
         | technology advances in this space and if I am completely naive
         | about the challenges presented.
        
           | stevage wrote:
           | Fortnite is a closed system, everything controlled by one
           | company. ATC is not.
           | 
           | But yes, presumably there is scope for improved tools.
        
           | giantrobot wrote:
           | > I am completely naive about the challenges presented.
           | 
           | The problem isn't collision detection or predicting movement.
           | They're not a bunch of particles on simple ballistic
           | trajectories. They're powered objects traveling in a
           | turbulent and difficult to predict medium. In emergency
           | conditions they can turn from a powered vehicle to an
           | unpowered one. They can need to land immediately when flight
           | worthiness changes _in flight_. A situation on the ground can
           | make landings unsafe or impossible and an aircraft needs to
           | diverted disrupting traffic at another airport.
           | 
           | Automating ATC works until one or more exceptional conditions
           | arises. Then it's completely unsuitable and everyone from
           | pilots to ATC need to work against the happy path automation
           | to keep people alive.
        
             | landryraccoon wrote:
             | This is a general objection to AI responding to real world
             | events in general : "What if something unexpected happens?"
             | It comes up in self driving as well. Things like "What if
             | something suddenly appears in the middle of the road" or
             | "Can it drive in snow conditions with zero visibility?
             | 
             | My question is, how do you know that in general human
             | beings respond better to unexpected or very complex /
             | difficult situations than an automated system would? Yes,
             | human beings can improvise, but automated systems can have
             | reaction times more than an order of magnitude faster than
             | that of even the quickest humans.
             | 
             | I'd like to see some statistics on the opposing hypothesis
             | : How good are humans, really, when encountering unexpected
             | situations? Do they compare better with automated systems
             | in general?
             | 
             | Here's a competing hypothesis: An automated system can
             | incorporate training data based on every recorded incident
             | that has ever happened. Unless a situation is so unexpected
             | that it has literally never happened in the history of
             | aviation, an AI system can have an example of how to handle
             | that scenario. Is it really true that the average human
             | operator would beat this system in safety and reliability?
             | How many humans know how to respond to every rare situation
             | that has ever happened? It's at least possible that the AI
             | does better on average.
        
               | kayodelycaon wrote:
               | > I'd like to see some statistics on the opposing
               | hypothesis : How good are humans, really, when
               | encountering unexpected situations? Do they compare
               | better with automated systems in general?
               | 
               | This is already out there. You can go research how Airbus
               | and their automation works in practice.
               | 
               | You can also listen to air traffic control recordings to
               | get an idea of what types of emergencies exist and how
               | often they happen. I'm sure the FAA has records you can
               | look at. :)
               | 
               | Now that apply that to something 3 orders of magnitude
               | more complex.
        
               | ajsnigrutin wrote:
               | In theory, everything works. In practice, we can't even
               | master automated driving, on two dimensional streets with
               | painted lanes, relatively slow speeds, and cars that can
               | just stop in case a decision could not be made. If we
               | can't make this happen, how do you expecct the same with
               | higher speeds, an additional dimension, planes with
               | radio-only (no additional telemetry) and pilots with
               | heavy accents?
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > We have video games like Fortnite that can handle collision
           | detection across a hundred players with bullets flying
           | everywhere.
           | 
           | With Fortnite, Epic pushes one update and a week later
           | virtually every gamer has the update for free. And when an
           | update goes bad, or the game goes down, usually nobody dies.
           | 
           | With aviation? Lifecycles there are measured in decades, and
           | the changes needed for new control systems in an existing
           | aircraft can be so huge that the entire aircraft needs a new
           | certification. Hell if you want and can acquire such a thing,
           | you can fly aircraft that's _over a century old_. Many
           | avionics systems still in use today fundamentally date back
           | to shortly after WW2 - VOR /DME for example is 1950s
           | technology.
           | 
           | For tower control systems, you'd need a system that's capable
           | of dealing with very very old aircraft, military aircraft
           | that doesn't even have transponders activated a lot of the
           | time, aircraft that don't have transponders at all (e.g.
           | ultralights), has well defined interfaces with other systems
           | (regional/national/continental/oceanic control zones)...
           | 
           | Oh and someone has to pay for all of that.
        
         | tw04 wrote:
         | Everything you have listed above could be solved with money.
         | 
         | Only 10% of applicants are physically and mentally qualified?
         | Sounds like you need more applicants? Want to attract more
         | applicants? Offer more compensation.
         | 
         | The training and onboarding is incredibly long? Sounds like a
         | doctor? Do you know why people go through the pain of becoming
         | a doctor? Because they make a lot of money when they get
         | through the other side.
         | 
         | Technology hasn't changed is a political problem due to lack
         | of... money. There isn't an issue with new technology, there's
         | an issue with the government refusing to invest in upgrading
         | the technology. Canada doesn't have this issue and they're far
         | smaller than the US.
         | 
         | Too much stress? I bet if you paid people so much money that
         | they could work for 10 years and then either retire to a lower
         | paying job, or retire entirely, people would deal with it.
         | 
         | I do absolutely, 100% think that this is a problem that can
         | easily be solved with money.
         | 
         | I also think our politicians will flounder around making
         | excuses about how the problem is unsolvable because it doesn't
         | directly help their chances of re-election.
         | 
         | The first time a plane goes down carrying a dozen congress
         | critters and their families, you can bet there will magically
         | be money in the banana stand.
        
           | crmd wrote:
           | I respectfully disagree - there's always money in the banana
           | stand.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | > some ATC employee groups and I can tell you exactly why they
         | are short staffed: > - The FAA has strict hiring requirements.
         | 
         |  _So what happened? Why did the FAA upend a stable hiring
         | process, undercut the CTI schools it had established to train
         | its workforce, and throw the plans of thousands of eager would-
         | be air traffic controllers into disarray?_
         | 
         | https://www.tracingwoodgrains.com/p/the-full-story-of-the-fa...
        
         | rdtsc wrote:
         | There has been a buzz of having "computerized, automated ATC"
         | since, well, forever. It's like the flying car of the aviation
         | world. I don't know if the government still hopes that is
         | "right around the corner" so they don't really want to ramp up
         | hiring. I mean, look ChatGPT can solve math problems already,
         | surely it can funnel planes into an airport... /s
         | 
         | There certain is automation involved, but not at the level
         | where we can just let the all the people go home and have it
         | take over.
        
       | deathanatos wrote:
       | "US ATC System Under Scrutiny" "Fatal crash brings attention to
       | shortage" "There are simply not enough air traffic controllers to
       | keep aircraft a safe distance from one another."
       | 
       | Like, perhaps there is merit in arguing for more controllers or
       | more pay for controllers, and perhaps that would lead to a safer
       | airspace, but the attempts to implicitly tie the fatal crash to
       | ATC _in this case_ seems pretty poor form, here. What we know
       | from the ATC transcripts[1] already tells us that ATC was aware
       | the helicopter  & the plane would be near each other _well in
       | advance of the crash_ ; ATC informed the helo, the helo responded
       | that he had the aircraft in sight. Time passed, the ATC gets a
       | proximity warning (labelled as "[Conflict Alert Warning]" in
       | VASAviation's video), ATC immediately acts on it, again reaching
       | out to the helo, _the helo again confirms they have the aircraft
       | in sight_ , and moments later we can hear on the ATC transcripts
       | the crash occur as people in the room witness it and react in
       | horror.
       | 
       | To my armchair commenting self, the ATC controllers seem to be
       | _exonerated_ by the transcript, and I 'm going to otherwise wait
       | until an NTSB report tells me why I'm wrong to break out the
       | pitch forks on them.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3gD_lnBNu0
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | I'll bet the final NTSB report lists as a contributing factor
         | that there was only one controller that night; a second
         | controller might have had the time to notice the altitude was
         | too close, or vector the helicopter behind.
        
           | bilbo0s wrote:
           | No. There are also rules on who can do what.
           | 
           | Put another way, military aircraft, especially certain
           | military aircraft, can do things that civilian aircraft
           | can't.
           | 
           | If I were piloting a helicopter in that airspace, that ATC
           | transcript would have been significantly different.
           | 
           | We should be looking at root causes. Which means we should
           | ask the uncomfortable questions about the deference given to
           | some military/government aircraft. But we don't want to ask
           | those questions. So we keep quibbling around the edges by
           | talking about ATC or Reagan firing everyone or even the
           | ridiculous suggestion that maybe the civilian airliners could
           | be in a hold pattern at certain times.
           | 
           | It would be humorous if it wasn't so tragic.
        
             | intended wrote:
             | >Staffing at air traffic control tower 'not normal' during
             | Washington plane crash, FAA report reveals
             | 
             | https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/dc-
             | plane-c...
             | 
             | >on Wednesday evening was also monitoring planes taking off
             | and landing, according to the FAA report reviewed by The
             | New York Times. These jobs are typically assigned to two
             | different people, the outlet reported
             | 
             | But:
             | 
             | >However, the National Transportation Safety Board said
             | they will not speculate on the causes of the crash and will
             | release a preliminary report on the incident within 30
             | days.
             | 
             | So perhaps its not staffing. Although I don't really know
             | what world the report is going to be going out into in 30
             | days.
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | The entire point of Human ATC is that those rules are
             | breached regularly in normal operations _and we still
             | expect traffic to be routed safely despite that_
             | 
             | One complaint I've seen is that the ATC should not have let
             | the helicopter do visual spacing in that regime, that it
             | was somewhat careless and unsafe and possibly discouraged.
             | If the ATC operator was overloaded with work, they would be
             | incentivized to "outsource" the spacing management to the
             | helicopter who would then be able to screw it up by
             | "seeing" the wrong plane. I can see the merits of the
             | argument but it would take the NTSB to have the right
             | knowledge to confirm or deny it.
        
               | bilbo0s wrote:
               | _that it was somewhat careless and unsafe and possibly
               | discouraged_
               | 
               | This is what I mean. Clearly, people are unfamiliar with
               | what actions certain military/government pilots are able
               | to take in that airspace. It's _rules_. It 's not about
               | being encouraged or discouraged or overworked or
               | underworked or rainbow farting unicorns. That's not how
               | ATC works.
               | 
               | I would want to change the rules that allow military
               | pilots to do this sort of thing. Or at least, have a
               | reasoned conversation about why it's necessary to allow
               | them to do this sort of thing. But that sort of
               | conversation is difficult. So everyone wants to talk
               | about everything else instead. The issue being that
               | everything else is very likely not the root problem.
               | 
               | I hope when the reports do come out we can stop this
               | nonsense about ATC, or Reagan being a moron, or civilian
               | airliner holding patterns or whatever else and actually
               | have the hard sit down on that issue.
        
       | ApolloFortyNine wrote:
       | We have planes moving hundreds of miles an hour being managed
       | exclusively by audio channels.
       | 
       | Does this not blow anyone else's minds? This seems like a clear
       | case of 'because we've always done it that way'. There's no way
       | if a system was being developed today they'd say to hell with
       | screens, lets just give them instructions over audio and assume
       | they'll follow them to a T if acknowledged.
        
         | bobthepanda wrote:
         | there are already a lot of screens and things to look at in a
         | cockpit. and in emergency situations, screens can fail. audio
         | has the advantage of being highly backwards compatible and
         | extremely reliable, so long as the pilots are alive and
         | conscious (and if they're not, the plane is most likely SOL
         | anyways: see
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helios_Airways_Flight_522)
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | Also, you can process and respond to audio without taking
           | your eyes off of whatever they are on, and without taking
           | your hand off the stick/yoke.
           | 
           | I hear in my headset "Clear for the option runway two-five-
           | right, number two behind a cessna, two mile final, on the go
           | make right traffic" and I know exactly what is expected of me
           | without having to look at a screen. A digital display would
           | be a step backwards.
        
             | dickfickling wrote:
             | It doesn't sound like GP is saying we have to do away with
             | audio, just that it's absurd to stick to _just_ audio.
             | Great to have a screen that shows "Clear for option 25R etc
             | etc". I think I saw the latest Cirrus planes have something
             | like that, doing live transcription of tower/ATC calls.
             | 
             | EDIT: I will add I get that adding something like that to a
             | general aviation cockpit is much easier than putting it on
             | a commercial 787, but that doesn't mean we shouldn't try.
        
           | ApolloFortyNine wrote:
           | >and in emergency situations, screens can fail.
           | 
           | Audio makes perfect sense as a backup, but 99.99% of flights
           | would benefit from having a screen showing object and current
           | planned route.
           | 
           | In this particular case, simply having that information
           | available would have allowed an onboard computer to predict a
           | collision.
        
         | chinathrow wrote:
         | > and assume they'll follow them to a T if acknowledged
         | 
         | That's not how ATC works.
        
         | CYR1X wrote:
         | Welcome to aviation. Where we last innovated 50 years ago.
        
         | contingencies wrote:
         | Fun napkin-view ADS-C ("control"-capable successor to
         | broadcast-only ADS-B).
         | 
         | Reporting integrates approach and flight tunnel envelopes.
         | Envelopes are specified with coordinates, not just sequential
         | points + altitude.
         | 
         | Cryptographic authentication in subsequent position broadcast
         | from plane flight systems efficiently confirms receipt and
         | acceptance of prior control messages.
         | 
         | Flight systems warn on countdown to envelope exception not only
         | actual envelope exception or altitude exception.
         | 
         | For passenger planes, ability of ground control to command
         | autonomous landing with blessing of federal government in an
         | emergency (eg. no pilots conscious, interface borked), and to
         | send urgent, cryptographically authenticated ATC command
         | requests (change altitude or heading immediately, etc.) for
         | pilot consideration in the event of ATC-detected potential
         | emergent danger conditions.
        
         | ketralnis wrote:
         | That there is a computer at ATC that a human looks at, reads
         | what it says with their eyes, speaks those instructions over
         | the radio in a specific protocol, another human listens to it
         | (and confirms within that protocol), and inputs those control
         | signals into the airplane.
         | 
         | Computer -> human -> radio(spoken protocol) -> human -> plane.
         | 
         | There aren't a lot of practical reasons it can't just be
         | 
         | Computer -> radio(digital protocol) -> plane
         | 
         | (There are nonzero reasons, such as the presence of weird
         | situations, VFR aircraft, etc., but it's not a lot.)
        
           | cj wrote:
           | Sometimes having humans in the loop is a feature, not a bug.
        
             | ketralnis wrote:
             | In that case the pilot would still be able to override
             | controls
        
       | deadbabe wrote:
       | If you've flown in any capacity you probably owe your life to an
       | ATC, you've probably been on a plane that would have suffered a
       | collision if not for the ATC.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Sort of. Without ATC you would still be safe - but airplanes
         | would be much less common as no sane pilot will get anywhere
         | close to other planes without someone in control to watch
         | separations. That means instead of planes landing every 30
         | seconds they will be once every several minutes to make sure
         | everyone takes turns - this isn't just about the runway, it is
         | also the patterns around the airport, with many airplanes
         | refusing to join the pattern because they are not sure they can
         | fit in that close. Airports with more than one runway (which is
         | nearly all commercial airports) will have issues trying to get
         | patterns to work and so likely some runways won't even be used.
         | 
         | But if you do manage to get in the air you will be safe and get
         | there. You would get used to long waits in hubs and 3 transfers
         | to get there unless you live in a hub and are going to a hub.
         | (Boston to Salt Lake city would be fly to NYC, then to Denver,
         | then to Salt Lake. Even Boston to Atlanta would be a transfer
         | in NYC). Those transfers would also involve long waits, right
         | now airlines plane everyone to arrive at the hub and leave
         | again more in about an hour and then little traffic for several
         | hours. However after airlines will not coordinate schedules as
         | they can't land so layovers will be several hours.
        
       | nimbius wrote:
       | disingenuous headline. America desperately needs to reform ATC
       | hiring.
       | 
       | This is the same headline as the professional trucking shortage
       | in the USA and glosses over the real reasons no one will take
       | these jobs. mandatory overtime, low wages, miserable benefits,
       | high stress and a well documented history of retaliation against
       | organized labor.
        
         | kylehotchkiss wrote:
         | Certain immigrants actually seem to excel in trucking and even
         | enjoy it (Punjabi truckers especially in California - I always
         | see the Sikh logos on the back of their trucks between LA and
         | SF!). A quick policy adjust would resolve any shortage in
         | truckers with other people who'd probably also enjoy the work.
         | 
         | However, there isn't a massive pool of people abroad who can
         | handle US airspace demands (which now seems to include
         | helicopters flying in the approach pathways of active runways
         | in VFR while wearing night vision goggles and ignoring their
         | radar altimeters all so some DC asshat doesn't have to sit in a
         | car for 20 minutes, and also includes people like my former
         | college hallmates who take handheld aviation radios, ask for
         | permission to depart, and run on the taxiways with their arms
         | extended, to great dismay of ATC)
        
           | 10000truths wrote:
           | > and also includes people like my former college hallmates
           | who take handheld aviation radios, ask for permission to
           | depart, and run on the taxiways with their arms extended, to
           | great dismay of ATC
           | 
           | You can't just drop a tidbit like that without elaborating.
        
       | nimish wrote:
       | The kind of person who can do ATC can make much more in tech and
       | have a much better lifestyle.
       | 
       | Market problem requires a market solution.
        
       | ConanRus wrote:
       | Oh noes, what happened?
        
       | Khaine wrote:
       | It should be noted that the FAA is facing a lawsuit alleging it
       | discriminated against capable candidates[1]. If this is true,
       | this surely must factor into the shortage of air traffic
       | controllers.
       | 
       | Admittedly, its a big if, and second even if it is true it is not
       | clear to me how much of a factor this is in the shortage.
       | 
       | [1] https://mslegal.org/cases/brigida-v-faa/
        
         | Graziano_M wrote:
         | https://www.tracingwoodgrains.com/p/the-full-story-of-the-fa...
        
       | gtsop wrote:
       | If you don't have air traffic controllers, the air traffic won't
       | be controlled... who knew?
        
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