[HN Gopher] Vanguard's average fee is now 0.07% after biggest-ev...
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       Vanguard's average fee is now 0.07% after biggest-ever cut
        
       Author : cantaloupe
       Score  : 285 points
       Date   : 2025-02-04 15:11 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bloomberg.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bloomberg.com)
        
       | cantaloupe wrote:
       | https://archive.is/jigpT
        
       | ilamont wrote:
       | Not mentioned in any of the coverage I've seen (or the interview
       | with Vanguard's new CEO in the WSJ) is Fidelity.
       | 
       | Fidelity used to be known for actively managed funds, but has
       | been eating Vanguard's indexing lunch for the past 10 years or
       | so. Part of this relates to its dominance in workplace accounts,
       | but Vanguard hasn't helped itself with some bad customer-facing
       | software updates and a perception that its service levels are
       | poor compared to Fidelity.
       | 
       | Cutting fees helps, but Fidelity has shown its willing to do
       | this, too, including no fee "Zero" index funds:
       | https://www.fidelity.com/mutual-funds/investing-ideas/index-...
       | (note Fidelity is very clear about who it's competing with)
        
         | arielweisberg wrote:
         | I started using E-trade because of this instead of transferring
         | my vested stock to Vanguard. Already had an account so it was
         | zero effort to convert to my usual funds as ETFs which has the
         | bonus of being transferable between brokerages unlike mutual
         | funds.
        
           | kasey_junk wrote:
           | You can frequently do in kind transfers of mutual funds,
           | particularly between the big funds and brokers.
        
           | FooBarBizBazz wrote:
           | > convert to my usual funds as ETFs
           | 
           | Do you mean that you sold mutual funds at Vanguard, and used
           | the cash to buy ETFs at eTrade? This means you had to pay tax
           | on capital gains, right? Or is there some trick I don't know
           | about, vis-a-vis converting mutual funds into equivalent
           | ETFs, without a taxable event?
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | Many Vanguard mutual funds offer ETF as a share class of
             | the fund. For those funds, shares in the traditional share
             | classes can be exchanged for ETF shares, if you hold them
             | at Vanguard.
             | 
             | But not all of the funds have an ETF share class. And if
             | you hold Vanguard mutual funds elsewhere, you'd need to
             | transfer them in-kind to Vanguard to convert.
        
             | arielweisberg wrote:
             | The funds come from selling stock as it vests. Stuff
             | already in Vanguard stays there until I feel annoyed enough
             | to move it.
        
         | tommiegannert wrote:
         | Isn't this about the funds, rather than using Vanguard as a
         | broker? Can't you buy Vanguard funds while on Fidelity, or vice
         | versa?
        
           | angry_moose wrote:
           | You can. There's usually a hefty transaction fee when
           | purchasing a funds not managed by whichever service you're on
           | ($49?).
           | 
           | Might be manageable if you're purchasing in enormous
           | quantities; but a 5% fee on $1000 hurts if you're in normal
           | consumer purchase ranges.
        
             | jhardy54 wrote:
             | This is true for mutual funds, but Vanguard ETFs are
             | available on Fidelity with no fees.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | And ETFs are generally more tax efficient anyways. I'm
               | not sure what the benefit to funds are.
        
               | matthewbauer wrote:
               | It used to be you could buy fractions of a mutual fund,
               | but not ETFs. Recently, brokerages have started allowed
               | you to do fractional ETFs as well though.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | There are some minor advantages to funds left, especially
               | in taxable. Some of the funds do their best to allocate
               | certain costs to the ETFs so that ends up more favorable
               | tax-wise.
               | 
               | The real main advantage of funds vs ETFs is they don't
               | bounce around in price every millisecond.
        
               | everfree wrote:
               | Just because mutual funds are priced and traded daily
               | doesn't mean their market value isn't still bouncing
               | around every millisecond.
        
         | wing-_-nuts wrote:
         | TBH, I trust vanguard more, even if their website is absolutely
         | worse. There's a saying, 'if you're not the customer, you're
         | the product'. I expect trades on those index funds are getting
         | 'front run' much like robinhood is getting front run. You might
         | have a lower ER but your nav might effectively be higher when
         | buying and lower when selling.
         | 
         | Of course, I'm a 'buy and hold' investor so this doesn't really
         | effect me much, but it's the principle of the matter.
        
           | kasey_junk wrote:
           | Front running is illegal.
        
             | op00to wrote:
             | Only if you get caught. And the fine needs to be higher
             | than the profit.
        
               | xadhominemx wrote:
               | It's pretty easy to learn how fidelity and others make
               | money on fee-free index funds. Perhaps something to look
               | into before accusing them of committing a crime.
        
               | zelon88 wrote:
               | Considering someone or some activity to be criminal, and
               | accusing them of being a criminal, are two completely
               | different things.
               | 
               | I consider most financial institutions to be criminal
               | because it is always their clear intention to circumvent
               | the _spirit_ of the law as closely as possible. The
               | intention is to reap the benefits of breaking the law,
               | without the risk of consequence. When the pitchforks
               | come, these are going to be the criminals being chased
               | down the street.
               | 
               | By the same token, I do not consider a parent who writes
               | a bad check for groceries to be a criminal.
        
               | xadhominemx wrote:
               | PFOF does not violate the spirit of the law
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | The client generally saves money in the PFOF situation.
               | They benefit, their broker benefits, and the market maker
               | they deal with benefits. The only loser is the abstract
               | rest of the market being able to get fewer penny
               | shavings.
               | 
               | What in particular do you see as against the spirit of
               | the law?
        
               | edmundsauto wrote:
               | I think the fine needs to be higher than the profit
               | difference between the (illegal) and not illegal option.
               | 
               | If you have a legal route to $1M and an illegal route to
               | $1.5M, the rational calculation for fines is against the
               | $0.5M delta, not the full amount.
        
               | recursive wrote:
               | Only if they're mutually exclusive.
        
               | nothercastle wrote:
               | The illegal 1.5 is always the optimal game theory choice
               | because the chance of getting caught is not 100%
        
               | BobaFloutist wrote:
               | To use an absurd example just to make it incredibly
               | obvious why what you said doesn't make sense, would that
               | hold up if the fine if caught was $10 trillion dollars?
        
               | nothercastle wrote:
               | Then shareholders would demand executives have skin in
               | the game and suffer if a company got the death penalty
               | like you describe. Would likely lead to a much better
               | world. Golden parachutes would not be a thing if
               | shareholders got liquidated like that.
        
             | NickC25 wrote:
             | In finance, nothing is illegal if the profits outweigh the
             | fines.
             | 
             | Citaldel paid handsomely for order-flow information from
             | Robinhood. They made a lot of money off retail traders.
             | They paid a fine IIRC equivalent to a few day's profits.
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | PFOF is neither front running nor illegal.
               | 
               | If you are curious about a brokers position on PFOF you
               | can look up their disclosures. SEC Rule 605, 606 and 615
               | are the search terms you want when looking these up.
               | Fidelity has a similar disclosure on this as Vsnguard,
               | which is that they don't engage in PFOF except for some
               | options markets.
               | 
               | Robinhood got in trouble for false advertising about PFOF
               | not because they engaged in it, because again, PFOF is
               | not front running and not illegal.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | PFOF isn't (typically) illegal, a better word might be
               | "controversial". There's nothing free in this life: the
               | zero commission brokers are making it up somehow.
               | 
               | While the studies on how PFOF effects execution quality
               | are varied, this summary [1] from Wharton seems fairly
               | balanced. It's not as simple as citing NBBO and moving
               | on.
               | 
               | Personally I'm suspicious of the practice mostly because
               | of the pretty clear conflicts of interest that it
               | creates. Again, this is controversial, but the people
               | arguing it's ok are for the most part making money from
               | it.
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://wifpr.wharton.upenn.edu/uncategorized/research-
               | spotl...
        
               | xadhominemx wrote:
               | Robinhood makes the majority of their revenue on options
               | and crypto. Vanilla equities is becoming less important.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | The zero commission brokers typically make most of their
               | revenue on net interest margin. PFOF is a smaller
               | portion.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | securities lending doesn't hurt if your clientele likes
               | heavy short-interest-worthy meme stocks
        
               | seabird wrote:
               | PFOF is not front running. Market making is not front
               | running. Full stop. This fact is only controversial if
               | you fundamentally misunderstand what market makers do.
        
             | SteveNuts wrote:
             | Isn't it just PFOF? Is that actually illegal?
             | 
             | Edit: No, it's not in the US at least. It mostly just
             | allows the broker to internalize orders if they prefer.
        
             | NegativeLatency wrote:
             | The riskier the road, the greater the profit.
        
             | yellowstuff wrote:
             | There's a lot of confused comments on this thread. "Front
             | running" in the strictest sense means illegal trading that
             | involves taking advantage of trades that you know will
             | happen and you have a responsibility not to exploit. "Front
             | running" is also used informally to mean legally trading
             | prior to trades that you anticipate happening. Studying the
             | rules of an index and buy a stock just before its added to
             | the index and index funds are required to buy it is "front
             | running" in the second sense.
        
           | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
           | How do you front run a mutual fund? The price is the price.
        
             | manojlds wrote:
             | You mean an index fund?
        
               | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
               | An index fund is a type of mutual fund
        
               | manojlds wrote:
               | Yeah but you can front run a (active) mutual fund
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Wouldn't index ETFs be index funds that are not mutual
               | funds?
        
               | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
               | Yes and they trade during market hours the same as stocks
               | so I understand front running those trades.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | Predict or react to index changes faster than the funds
             | that are compelled to follow the index.
             | 
             | But you can't front run shares of mutual funds; they always
             | trade at close of business at NAV.
             | 
             | You could potentially front run ETFs, but if you're worried
             | about that, you can use limit orders and get the price you
             | want or not transact. As long as you use a competent broker
             | that offers limit orders.
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | That's not front running! Front running requires a
               | fiduciary obligation to who you are trading on behalf of.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Investopedia disagrees:
               | 
               | > A form of front-running in index funds is common and
               | isn't illegal.
               | 
               | > Index funds track a financial index by mirroring the
               | index's portfolio. The composition of the index changes
               | periodically to balance it accurately as the stocks that
               | make it up change dramatically in price or as stocks are
               | added or removed from the index. That forces the fund's
               | managers to buy or sell some components of the index.
               | 
               | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/frontrunning.asp
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | Then investopedia is wrong. Front running is a very
               | specific thing, a) it requires private information, b)
               | requires trading on behalf of someone and c) requires a
               | fiduciary duty to the person
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | If we use that expansive definition of "front running",
               | is it "front running" if I buy stocks trying to squeeze
               | short sellers? What about if I thought people would
               | buy/sell telsa stocks because of musk's role in the
               | culture wars, and tried to get ahead of that? Is "front
               | running" just buying low and selling high?
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Well, let's not call a short squeeze by another name.
               | 
               | Otherwise, I wouldn't call those things front running, as
               | there's no indication of imminent activity.
               | 
               | If a material increase in lending rates on a heavily
               | shorted stock was announced, and you bought because you
               | were pretty sure the shorts would be buying to close,
               | that could be front running, yeah.
               | 
               | I dunno about market moves based on Elon's role in the
               | culture wars, but maybe if he did something in
               | particular.
               | 
               | In general, buy on the rumor, sell on the news could
               | qualify as front running under this definition, but I
               | think I'd want to narrow it a bit to working to trade
               | ahead of perceived imminent and definite trades. Most of
               | the illegal front running is trading ahead of specific
               | trades in response to seeing those orders.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Most of the illegal front running is trading ahead of
               | specific trades in response to seeing those orders.
               | 
               | Any evidence this is actually happening, rather than
               | something like "this ETF rebalances every quarter,
               | they're unbalanced, and are expected to rebalance in this
               | way", or "this company is probably going to get included
               | in the S&P 500 because it's doing really well"? What
               | makes this sort of "front running" less acceptable than
               | buying because "I like the stock", or trading on
               | technical analysis?
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Here's three SEC press releases that seem to indicate
               | there's evidence of illegal front running:
               | 
               | https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021-118
               | 
               | https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021-186
               | 
               | https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2022-228
               | 
               | Trading ahead of index funds when an index change is
               | announced is front running in my book, but it isn't
               | illegal front running; but I don't consider it less
               | acceptable than buying because the graph makes a funny
               | shape.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | All 3 examples you provided are for people trading on
               | material nonpublic information. In other words, some guy
               | working at an asset manger knew they were going to
               | execute trades on behalf of a client, and then made his
               | own trade ahead of that. That's textbook front running,
               | no denying it, but that's not anywhere close to what's
               | happening with "ETF rebalancing" or PFOF. It's perfectly
               | legal, for instance to speculate on whether TSLA or
               | whatever is going to make it into the S&P 500 and "front
               | run" that. It's also not clear why such trades would be
               | immoral or unfair.
               | 
               | >https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021-118
               | 
               | >Wygovsky repeatedly traded in his family members'
               | accounts held at brokerage firms in the United States
               | ahead of large trades that were executed on the same days
               | in the accounts of his employer's advisory clients.
               | 
               | >https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021-186
               | 
               | >Polevikov had access to real-time, non-public
               | information about the size and timing of his employers'
               | securities orders and trades, and used that information
               | to secretly trade on, and ahead of, his employers'
               | trades.
               | 
               | >https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2022-228
               | 
               | >Billimek would inform Williams of the asset management
               | firm's market-moving trades prior to their execution
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > but that's not anywhere close to what's happening with
               | "ETF rebalancing" or PFOF. It's perfectly legal, for
               | instance to speculate on whether TSLA or whatever is
               | going to make it into the S&P 500 and "front run" that.
               | It's also not clear why such trades would be immoral or
               | unfair.
               | 
               | I never said trading a stock ahead of it being added or
               | removed to the S&P 500, or between the announcement of it
               | being added or removed and index funds actually
               | purchasing it is illegal, immoral, or unfair, or less
               | acceptable than any other trade.
               | 
               | Just that it's front running. And then you asked if there
               | were examples of illegal front running, so I provided
               | those --- which aren't examples of trading ahead of index
               | funds, because trading ahead of index funds isn't
               | illegal.
               | 
               | I'm not really sure what you're asking at this point.
        
             | short_sells_poo wrote:
             | If you know the index rules, it's fairly simple to
             | calculate the turnover it is going to generate when it
             | rebalances and subsequently the impact the rebalance is
             | going to have on prices. This is a fairly well known
             | behavior and a lot of players have been doing this for a
             | long time. Basically every index of any significance is
             | already being monitored and rebalancing effects are "front-
             | run" this way.
             | 
             | I put the word in quotes, because this is a perfectly
             | legitimate way of front running. The major indices are all
             | public, and anyone can take a crack at this. In other
             | words, if I announce to the world a month in advance that
             | on a specific day and a very specific time of the day (at
             | the closing auction) I'm going to buy X amount of specific
             | stocks and sell Y amount in other stocks, I can't blame
             | people for using that information against me.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | This is not what "front running" means.
        
               | short_sells_poo wrote:
               | Yeah duh. I was explaining to the parent.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Fidelity uses those funds as marketing, and they make up for
           | it with all the other services and funds they offer. It's
           | intentional, and it's working.
           | 
           | Vanguard is more and more becoming a group that just wants to
           | run ETFs and if you want to _use_ them, they 're making it
           | harder and harder. They recently dumped all their 401(k) and
           | similar plans from being in-house to some other provider.
           | 
           | Saves costs, makes support annoying.
           | 
           | Of course, you can use a Fidelity account to own Vanguard
           | ETFs if you wanted.
        
             | matthewaveryusa wrote:
             | >Of course, you can use a Fidelity account to own Vanguard
             | ETFs if you wanted.
             | 
             | Which I would highly recommend if you ever want to change
             | brokers. the fidelity ZERO products are great but can only
             | be held at fidelity while VOO shares can be transfered to
             | any broker.
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | I presume the main advantage of transferring shares is to
               | avoid taxation on realised gains. Secondary is to avoid
               | transaction fees?
               | 
               | I sold and bought recently (because transfer looked like
               | paperwork hassle to me): had a small transaction cost,
               | and the main disbenefit was losing transaction history
               | e.g. buy date was now reset; it was tax neutral for me
               | either way.
        
             | skeuomorphism wrote:
             | > Fidelity uses those funds as marketing, and they make up
             | for it with all the other services and funds they offer.
             | It's intentional, and it's working.
             | 
             | > Vanguard is more and more becoming a group that just
             | wants to run ETFs and if you want to use them, they're
             | making it harder and harder. They recently dumped all their
             | 401(k) and similar plans from being in-house to some other
             | provider.
             | 
             | If this is true, then it must for individuals.. My company
             | moved a little over a year ago TO vanguard for 401ks
        
               | sgerenser wrote:
               | It was only for solo 401ks and small business with less
               | than $20M in assets.
        
             | wbl wrote:
             | Vanguard is still offering IRAs last I checked.
        
               | phil21 wrote:
               | It's not clear to me exactly what they have moved, but
               | two of my (very old) Simple IRA accounts got forcefully
               | moved without my approval, and a 401k rollover into a
               | self-managed IRA is still around. Not sure what the
               | difference was exactly.
               | 
               | https://www.ascensus.com/about-us/press-
               | room/news/ascensus-t...
               | 
               | This post was a reminder to get those moved out of
               | Ascensus into Fidelity if possible.
        
             | phil21 wrote:
             | Thanks for the reminder to move some old IRA accounts they
             | dumped onto some random provider to Fidelity.
             | 
             | Horrible move on their part, if I didn't want some provider
             | diversification I'd just move everything over entirely at
             | this point.
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | The pennies that they scalp off you on the trade by "front
           | running" the order is much less cost than the annual fee if
           | you are a long term investor.
        
           | jliptzin wrote:
           | There's not really much money to be made front running
           | someone's deposit into an index fund that's gonna sit there
           | for the next 40 years. It works on RH because generally those
           | users are transacting much more frequently and in much less
           | liquid things like options.
        
             | pembrook wrote:
             | Front running customer purchases is not the concern. In the
             | running of an index fund there's many levers you can pull
             | to create revenue streams that don't show up on expense
             | ratios.
             | 
             | Funny business can absolutely be pulled during rebalancing.
             | 
             | Another big one is securities lending income. Vanguard pays
             | that out to investors which effectively creates negative
             | expense ratios in certain funds. Index funds from other
             | issuers don't necessarily share that securities lending
             | income with customers.
        
               | jliptzin wrote:
               | I'm not disputing other funny business, I just don't
               | think they are making money front running passive index
               | investors.
        
               | ilya_m wrote:
               | It's not about front-running investments _in_ passive
               | index funds, it's about front-running investments _by_
               | passive index funds, which, of course, ultimately comes
               | out of the investors' wallets.
               | 
               | As a practical matter, since dealing in mutual funds'
               | shares is settled after market, "front running" these
               | transactions would be problematic. (Impossible, I'd say?)
        
           | ardit33 wrote:
           | I trust Fidelity. I used to work there years ago. It is a
           | conservatively run place, careful with changes, which is a
           | good thing when managing large amount of money. The tech and
           | web interface might not be the shiniest, but I'd rather have
           | my money there than vanguard/schwab, etc...
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | I trusted Vanguard more until they became a broker and forced
           | all their fund customers to have a brokerage account with
           | them.
        
           | losvedir wrote:
           | You expect wrong. I think you're talking about Payment for
           | Order Flow (PFOF) which Fidelity does not use.[0]
           | 
           | [0] https://www.fidelity.com/trading/execution-
           | quality/overview
        
         | Gshaheen wrote:
         | One other differentiation that Vanguard has is that it is owned
         | by the fund holders
         | 
         | "Vanguard set out in 1975 under a radical ownership structure.
         | Our company is owned by its funds, which in turn are owned by
         | Vanguard's fund shareholders. We focus on meeting the
         | investment needs of our clients."
         | 
         | So in short, vanguard is customer-owned, where fidelity is
         | owned by mostly the founding family (the Johnson's).
         | 
         | https://corporate.vanguard.com/content/corporatesite/us/en/c...
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | But does that structure confer any realistic chance of voting
           | control by any real humans who aren't already employed by
           | vanguard?
           | 
           | Funds aren't known for being voting activists.
        
             | ElevenLathe wrote:
             | Even so, I think the incentives are still for the Vanguard
             | management to make as little profit as possible so that
             | they can compete and have more funds under management.
             | Controlling more billions of dollars of stock shares is
             | kind of its own reward and brings many opportunities for
             | enrichment, and if they don't have to worry about making
             | money for shareholders, they can pretty much always
             | engineer the lowest fees.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Yes, in theory the fund-owned structure should mean they
               | can charge lower fees than profit driven competitors.
               | However, if competitors are doing things like zero fee
               | funds as loss leaders, or have a banking side to diffuse
               | costs, then it gets less clear.
        
               | anonymousDan wrote:
               | This kind of thing makes me nervous. What kind of
               | opportunities? Can they somehow loan out shares for
               | example?
        
             | feoren wrote:
             | Would you rather be a dairy cow on a farm owned
             | collectively by the dairy cows, or owned by one billionaire
             | family? Is it that hard to see how that's immediately a
             | huge positive even if you can't identify individual
             | instances of the billionaire abusing their position?
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | Bad analogy. There are many dimensions in which my
               | experience as a dairy cow may be affected by ownership.
               | 
               | In the case of an investment fund, there's really just
               | customer service and rate of return. If I have a good
               | experience in those dimensions, why should I be concerned
               | with ownership structure?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Having seen companies go bust and then the employees
               | discovered their pension was invested in now worthless
               | company stock I oppose all schemes to get people to
               | invest in their own company without having significant
               | control over the direction. (I didn't directly see this -
               | it was before I was born but I meet a relative who worked
               | there for 20 years) Pension laws now do not allow
               | pensions to invest in company stock like that. Everyone I
               | know who has worked for an employee owned company talks
               | about how much $$$ they have in the company now - none
               | have any other retirement plan and I can't help but think
               | how bad they would be hurt if things went wrong.
               | 
               | If you are not Cxx level at a company or at least in a
               | high role with a reasonable shot of getting to a Cxx
               | position in the near future don't put your money in the
               | company you work for. Diversity is important in investing
               | and the company you work for is the least diverse of all
               | investment options since you could lose both your savings
               | and your paycheck at the same time.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Agreed. If you feel that your company is a good forward-
               | looking investment for whatever reason
               | (appreciation/dividends), it doesn't hurt to keep some
               | holdings--from RSUs or otherwise. Though with transaction
               | costs what they are somewhat per this article/discussion,
               | the right question should probably be "If I had the money
               | in cash, would I buy these shares." Employee stock
               | purchase makes things a bit more complicated depending on
               | the exact terms. Post dot-bomb I got a lot more
               | conservative in terms of holding company stock from
               | RSU/ESPP after a decade with a couple of private firms
               | which doubtless cost me some money but I think I took a
               | reasonable approach overall.
        
             | Gshaheen wrote:
             | Starting end of Nov 2024, Vanguard is actually beginning to
             | roll out proxy voting capabilities to fund holders (in the
             | US). This looks to be the beginning of deeper proxy voting
             | capabilities, but not much information out there yet.
             | 
             | https://corporate.vanguard.com/content/corporatesite/us/en/
             | c...
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | This is academic. I have equal control over both, which is to
           | say none whatsoever. Capacity to influence a company falls to
           | the following (in order)
           | 
           | 1. Executives
           | 
           | 2. Large shareholders (usually institutional and rarely
           | individuals)
           | 
           | 3. Customers
           | 
           | 4. Employee unions (if present)
           | 
           | The tech industry is an anomaly where 1 and 2 largely
           | overlap, but this is not true in most industries. Unless you
           | are super rich, you will never be able to have more influence
           | over a large company than you do in the role of a pissed off
           | customer ready to take his money elsewhere.
        
           | richid wrote:
           | This alone is why I will always choose Vanguard if possible.
        
         | yesimahuman wrote:
         | I don't think vanguard's core customer base cares about what
         | hungry competitors are doing to entice them to move. Just look
         | at Robinhood: they offered the biggest financial incentive for
         | users to switch of any broker in the industry and I doubt many
         | vanguard customers took them up on that. Stability, trust, and
         | low fees are all buy and hold investors at Vanguard really care
         | about.
        
           | nothercastle wrote:
           | They only offered it for a month or 2 and pulled it pretty
           | quick
        
         | whitepoplar wrote:
         | Fidelity's "Zero" funds are great, but only for specific
         | scenarios IMO. They can't be held outside Fidelity accounts, so
         | what happens if you get caught up in some KYC nonsense and
         | Fidelity closes your account? Are you forced to liquidate and
         | incur capital gains? There are also some embedded tax
         | efficiencies inherent to ETFs, like 351 exchanges, which aren't
         | popular now, but may become popular in the future. TBH, this
         | mainly applies to taxable accounts. For nontaxable accounts,
         | Zero funds don't have much downside.
        
           | robszumski wrote:
           | The zero fund I am familiar with (FZILX) has a once-a-year
           | dividend schedule which I'm sure nets them a lot of money, vs
           | paying out more frequently. If you want to unload, you can
           | only do it once a year without throwing away your earned
           | dividend.
        
             | baking wrote:
             | That's not how dividends work.
        
               | robszumski wrote:
               | You have to hold the fund on the ex-dividend date...
               | 
               | Pays out once in Dec. If you buy in Feb and sell in Oct,
               | you're not getting your dividend although you earned most
               | of it... If you had VTI, you'd get 3 of them.
        
               | baking wrote:
               | Dividends are built into the NAV price. It just becomes
               | taxable income when it is paid out.
        
               | robszumski wrote:
               | Ah right
        
               | TeaBrain wrote:
               | I'd also thought your idea sounded like it made sense,
               | sort of like how a trader can attempt dividend stripping,
               | but looks like the user baking cleared that up.
        
               | TeaBrain wrote:
               | They raise a good point, which I've never considered
               | before. This could be considered a form of dividend
               | arbitrage based on the difference in scheduling between
               | the component dividends vs the fund dividends, based on
               | the knowledge that a non-zero amount of fund holders will
               | exit the fund before the once a year dividend date, but
               | not before the fund earned dividends based on the fund
               | components.
        
               | TeaBrain wrote:
               | Nevermind, it looks like baking cleared up my
               | misconception in another reply.
        
           | icelancer wrote:
           | > They can't be held outside Fidelity accounts, so what
           | happens if you get caught up in some KYC nonsense and
           | Fidelity closes your account?
           | 
           | This literally happened to me. I'm banned from Fidelity for
           | some unknown (AML presumably) reason but have no other issues
           | with any brokerage, bank, or exchange.
           | 
           | Fortunately I just held a bunch of ETFs, so it was
           | straightforward. But it does happen.
        
         | nfriedly wrote:
         | I have accounts at both, and my perception is that Vanguard is
         | pretty much exclusively low cost, but Fidelity does have some
         | very competitive options if you can find them. They just also
         | have a lot of overpriced junk.
         | 
         | Fidelity's technology and customer service does generally seem
         | better. Although they were completely baffled when their app
         | refused to run on a rooted phone with an error message along
         | the lines of "your account is frozen" after I logged in. (It
         | wasn't, and worked fine after I realized that was the issue and
         | put it on the deny list.)
         | 
         | Overall, I trust Vanguard more, but both have their strong
         | points.
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | The overpriced junk is wedged into bespoke employer 401k
           | programs that are managed by the brokers. There is usually
           | only one or two low fee options hiding in the list and you
           | have to be savvy to find them. Most employer 401k programs
           | suck because they (custodian) are agreeing to the fund
           | composition based on price to them. If you are lucky you
           | might not end up in John Hancock or Transamerica. Yuck!
        
         | Enginerrrd wrote:
         | We tried using vanguard. The UX/UI was so bad we went through
         | the work of transferring everything to fidelity. They've got a
         | pretty decent app.
         | 
         | Vanguard has so much friction on what should be very simple and
         | common tasks.
         | 
         | There's no excuse for that. I can say pretty confidently that
         | cutting fees won't be enough. They need a total rewrite of all
         | their customer facing software and web stuff, and they probably
         | need to revamp their customers service as well. They screwed up
         | my wife's name and she tried for months and months to fix it
         | before giving up.
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | Vanguard recently made two horrible mistakes: 1. a typical
           | "Grand UI Redesign" that made the site worse and removed a
           | bunch of previously working features, and 2. They made all
           | their users "migrate" their accounts from one type to
           | another, a process that I found to be error prone and clunky.
           | 
           | For 1, all of us software people have seen companies do this
           | over and over, and it always sucks. For 2, why they couldn't
           | do whatever backend migration they needed to do without
           | having it disrupting retail customers, I have no idea.
           | 
           | Both of those point to a software organization way below
           | where it needs to be competence-wise.
        
             | ecshafer wrote:
             | Vanguard's grand UI redesign was poorly done. At the time
             | each team was responsible for some software product, and
             | had a good ownership model. The issue imo was that the
             | internal UI component library was poorly made and funded,
             | and that the UX team was very old (most of the people were
             | lifers that were hired in the 90s, no real experience in
             | UI/UX,etc.) So people were just making the designs they
             | were given. The Grand UI Redesign was a single new team
             | that just made a heavy Angular UI application for the major
             | areas, forcing product teams to be backend only. This
             | caused discontinuity and didn't really fix the core issue.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | That's because Vanguard is a buy and hold philosophy. They
           | have previously stated that they designed their site for the
           | bulk of the users. Those users log in just to check their
           | balances in the 5 or fewer funds/ETFs that they hold. So
           | instead of building something that would be reasonably easy
           | for everyone, they built something that was easy for their
           | primary (aging) user base. It's the same sort of mentality
           | how they don't allow inverse ETFs, they aren't going to offer
           | any crypto related stuff, etc.
        
             | dcrazy wrote:
             | At some point you need to realize your gains--perhaps to
             | rebalance a portfolio, or to pay for an expense, or because
             | you're retiring and now it's time to enjoy the profits of
             | your buying and holding. And a lot of people elect
             | specific-lot cost basis accounting to minimize tax burden.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Supposedly they have a tax loss harvesting and "min tax"
               | tool for that.
        
               | dcrazy wrote:
               | The "tool" was sorting your lots by cost basis, which is
               | what Enginerrrd is saying was taken away.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | I would guess it's still there but buried in some UX hell
               | hole
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | I did some rebalancing recently, and couldn't find it.
               | You can sort by capital gain per lot, which isn't very
               | helpful if your lots are vastly different sizes.
               | Thankfully I don't have that many lots, and had plenty of
               | capital loss carryover to offset the gains, so it doesn't
               | matter _that_ much, but it 's annoying, and it's probably
               | the straw that's going to get me to actually move to a
               | better brokerage. (which I guess is fine for Vanguard, if
               | I'm at a different brokerage, it reduces Vanguard's
               | costs)
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | They can't even correctly donate from a Vanguard brokerage
             | account to a Vanguard DAF without breaking the cost basis.
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | > They need a total rewrite of all their customer facing
           | software and web stuff,
           | 
           | They've done that. And now you can't sort by capital
           | gain/loss per share when picking lots to sell.
           | 
           | They're also almost done forcing everyone into the brokerage
           | side, which is less flexible with some things like
           | reinvestment of dividends. On the nice side, it includes
           | foreign dividend info on the 1099s so you don't have to find
           | a separate document to get those percentages.
        
           | nineplay wrote:
           | The idea of making financial decisions based on UI/UX is
           | extraordinary to me.
        
             | Enginerrrd wrote:
             | It is to me too! I would never do that normally. It's just
             | that it was THAT bad.
             | 
             | It took me MONTHS to figure out how to sell a particular
             | fund to buy another one. Somehow every time I tried to do
             | it, it failed. I kept coming back to it over and over and
             | different things went wrong. It was also very difficult to
             | figure out the status of an order.
             | 
             | It was literally that clunky, and I've been trading for
             | decades. I run multiple businesses, I know how these things
             | work, but their UI was awful.
        
               | nineplay wrote:
               | Twice I've been unsure how to move move money with their
               | site and twice I've contacted their customer service
               | center who was more than happy to guide me through the
               | process.
        
             | sjf wrote:
             | I guess you've never had the displeasure of using
             | treasurydirect.gov.
        
               | Arrowmaster wrote:
               | It's slightly better now. I think they removed the
               | onscreen keyboard and finally let you type your password
               | directly.
               | 
               | But it's still bad.
        
               | dmoy wrote:
               | Do you like radio buttons? I hope you like radio buttons.
               | 
               | Even if the thing that you're using for really, really
               | shouldn't be a radio button.
        
           | JasserInicide wrote:
           | It's so bad. I don't even like logging in anymore.
           | Padding/whitespace everywhere, no more alternating row
           | colors. I despise mobile-first UIs. The old one many have
           | looked dated but it was more information dense without being
           | overwhelming.
        
           | programmertote wrote:
           | Vanguard's website revamp in the past three years was
           | disappointing because in the past, I can visit just one
           | (landing) page and get almost all of the info I need about my
           | holdings + actions I could take on them and my accounts. Now,
           | I have to click through a myriad of pages to do what I want.
           | Plus, in Firefox browser at least, if you want to 'Exit' the
           | order and some other pages, it simply doesn't work, so I have
           | to type the 'vanguard.com' in the browser's URL field and
           | ping it again.
           | 
           | This is an example of not breaking what was not broken (or at
           | least, keep most of what was useful instead of replacing
           | everything with "new and cool" stuff just because <no
           | reason?>).
        
         | xhkkffbf wrote:
         | I'm waiting for negative fee funds that delivers better than
         | indexed returns by loaning out the shares to shorts.
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | Many funds do make revenue with share lending. I don't know
           | that there's enough lending to get expenses below zero, at
           | least as of yet, though.
           | 
           | Also, sometimes the lending revenue is just added to the
           | fund, rather than being used to offset expenses. The end
           | result is the same, but the accounting numbers look
           | different.
           | 
           | As a result, when comparing two index funds that track the
           | same index, you should look at actual total returns rather
           | than quoted expense ratios.
        
         | jhardy54 wrote:
         | RE: Fidelity Zero
         | 
         | The downside, as I understand it, is that Fidelity Zero doesn't
         | offer ETFs, and that the Fidelity Zero mutual funds can't be
         | transferred to other brokerages. Depending on your preferences
         | their expense ratios might justify the vendor lock-in, but
         | Vanguard ETFs are hard to beat IMO.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | I wonder what the tax efficiency looks like when comparing a
           | zero fee fund to its low fee ETF counterpart. Is it possible
           | an ETF under 5 or even 10 basis points is still a better deal
           | if it's tax efficient (taxable accounts only)?
        
           | selykg wrote:
           | I tend to only use the zero funds in tax advantaged accounts.
           | Primary example, I needed to move an HSA to avoid a $20/month
           | fee from the idiots at Health Equity when I switched jobs.
           | Moved it immediately to Fidelity since they offer an HSA
           | account and used the zero funds.
           | 
           | If I were to ever need to move the HSA money elsewhere, they
           | can sell the funds to transfer, since it's not a taxable
           | event, that's fine by me.
           | 
           | I won't buy the zero funds for my brokerage account though, I
           | stick with Vanguard ETFs.
        
         | baking wrote:
         | It's really annoying that people here are talking about "Zero"
         | fee funds as if they were zero-fee funds. As far as I can tell
         | "Zero" means less than 0.05% fees.
        
           | ak217 wrote:
           | No, zero means a 0% expense ratio and no minimums, as listed
           | for the four funds at the top of
           | https://www.fidelity.com/mutual-funds/investing-
           | ideas/index-.... Unlike most other funds, these are captive
           | to Fidelity so if you ever do an ACATS transfer they have to
           | be liquidated.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | That's the key, though if it's a tax-advantaged account
             | it's not a major issue (as you can just transfer to an
             | appropriate ETF and then ACATS that).
             | 
             | In taxable it could cause you to have to stay with Fidelity
             | or eat a tax bill.
        
               | ak217 wrote:
               | It's an interesting reversal and highlights the power of
               | competition - as a young part-time employee in college,
               | my employer automatically contributed a few hundred
               | dollars for me to a 403(b) type of retirement savings
               | account. Fidelity was the custodian and after I left the
               | job, it imposed a substantial monthly fee that eventually
               | ate all of the money in the account, leaving me with
               | zero. I always remember that episode when dealing with
               | Fidelity.
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | and Vanguard keeps fading the crypto vote, and Fidelity is the
         | exact opposite
         | 
         | everyone can vote with their wallet
        
         | nothercastle wrote:
         | It's hard to beat Fidelitys offer right now. They give you a
         | 2-3% checking account. A 2% cash back credit card, access to
         | their low cost funds and a decent enough website. All in one
         | place.
         | 
         | Other brokerages are better at their niche but the fidelity
         | package is quite competitive
        
           | silisili wrote:
           | Fidelity has great features, but is hamstrung by their awful
           | execution.
           | 
           | The app is clunky, slow, and looks like something from the
           | 90s. Just logging in takes an average of 10-15 seconds. The
           | credit card is serviced by Elan, who is awful, but aside from
           | that, the UX is abysmal. It feels like it redirects no less
           | than 8 times to get to the credit card page. My phone won't
           | even load it, so I have to do it on my computer.
           | 
           | It's so frustrating to me because I feel like they're 90% of
           | the way there and just need a bit of UX work. But I've had
           | that feeling for years now, with no real progress made, so am
           | slowly moving away. If you don't touch your money often, it's
           | probably fine - great even, but it became too frustrating for
           | me in the end as an everyday use account.
        
             | nothercastle wrote:
             | Good to know that Elan services the card and is terrible.
             | I'll avoid
        
               | js2 wrote:
               | FWIW, I've been using the card since late 2019 and had
               | zero issues with it. There aren't a lot of 2% cards that
               | just straight give you 2% cash back w/o any hoops[1]. The
               | Fidelity card is no muss no fuss for me. 2% just
               | magically appears in my designated Fidelity account at
               | the end of the month.
               | 
               | I have not had to interact with Elan customer service, so
               | I can't speak to that. I also don't care about the
               | Fidelity mobile app (I use fidelty.com from my laptop). I
               | haven't had any issues using fidelty.com to manage the
               | card.
               | 
               | [1] https://old.reddit.com/r/CreditCards/wiki/list_of_fla
               | t_cashb...
        
               | hawaiianbrah wrote:
               | I used this card for a few months before usbank launched
               | their smartly card, at which point I moved 100k from
               | fidelity to a usbank IRA and now enjoy 4% cash back.
        
               | js2 wrote:
               | Bogleheads thread for folks who want to read about
               | additional experiences:
               | 
               | https://www.bogleheads.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=4387
               | 60&...
               | 
               | How's the U.S. Bank web site to use? Is it easy to setup
               | beneficiaries on the IRA? How about doing backdoor Roth
               | contributions? Did you have any trouble getting the 4% or
               | was it right away? Does the 4% deposit automatically to
               | an account or do you have to login to redeem it?
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I've had to replace the card once or twice for various
               | reasons and never had any issues. It's a good enough
               | offer that I'm not likely to jump through hoops or create
               | some big other account to improve on. I'm not down to a
               | single account but I've simplified things and
               | diversified.
        
         | dweez wrote:
         | Matt Levine has a bit about the best customer service your
         | broker can provide is not picking up the phone in a crisis.
         | 
         | Bad UX is, intentionally or not, consistent with Vanguard's
         | long-term index investing philosophy. Call us? Use our website?
         | Whatever it is you are trying to do, you probably shouldn't be
         | doing that.
         | 
         | I kid, but only a little.
        
           | noirbot wrote:
           | It's interesting everyone's saying the UX is bad. I've had
           | consistently good interactions with Vanguard's support over
           | the years. I regularly get to talk to an actual human without
           | waiting more than 10-20 minutes, and they're very helpful
           | about getting things done and giving even basic advice about
           | tradeoffs in different investing options.
           | 
           | The website isn't amazing, but I don't feel like it's
           | terrible either. There's much worse 401k/IRA providers out
           | there.
        
         | sockaddr wrote:
         | Yeah, as a litmus test of how much they care about their
         | customers try to call in and get something done.
         | 
         | Vanguard will throw you into an automated labyrinth with the
         | only exit being a poorly-trained rep in india or pakistan that
         | has no real understanding of what you're trying to do.
         | 
         | Their website is complete trash compared to the other big two.
         | Often down, you can only check your balance, etc.
         | 
         | Fidelity will within a matter of a couple of minutes connect
         | you with someone that seems too good to be true. Knowledgeable,
         | friendly, going out of their way to help you, they follow up on
         | what they say (like calling you back, etc).
         | 
         | Once I got a taste of how Fidelity treats people and their
         | broader set of products I moved everything over.
         | 
         | Vanguard is circling the drain if you ask me.
        
           | noirbot wrote:
           | I'm wondering if I'm on some very different account/plan than
           | everyone else. Any time I've ever called Vanguard, I've
           | gotten a super well trained rep without much of a wait or a
           | call tree. I also had good interactions with Fidelity when I
           | used them.
           | 
           | Were you on a plan run through an employer? Or individual?
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | Article mentions their bond funds getting the most dramatic cuts
       | -- they didn't list specific symbols though.
       | 
       | Anyone know off the top of their heads which funds specifically?
       | Thinking I need to move away from being so stock-heavy.
        
         | fred256 wrote:
         | The full list is at the bottom of their press release:
         | https://corporate.vanguard.com/content/corporatesite/us/en/c...
        
           | francisofascii wrote:
           | Lots of small reductions to the specialty bond funds. VCIT
           | and BIV (Intermediate Term bonds) moving from from 0.04% ==>
           | 0.03%. One notable drop is with VWOB (Emerging Markets
           | Government Bond) going from 0.15% to 0.1%.
        
         | dinkblam wrote:
         | > they didn't list specific symbols though.
         | 
         | rule of journalism: never quote the original news/article
         | source
         | 
         | rule of financial journalism: never list the ticker/wkn/isin
         | that would make the article actually useful
        
           | psunavy03 wrote:
           | Rule of legal journalism: never link a PDF to the actual
           | court opinion/decision . . .
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | Rule of science journalism: never link to the paper.
        
         | im3w1l wrote:
         | Bonds kind of fell of my radar for a while. What are yields
         | like now?
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | 4-5%
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | I always upvote the archive link unless it is already the top
       | comment, ha ha.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | I've detached this comment from
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42933291 so I could move
         | the latter to the top :)
        
       | sega_sai wrote:
       | That only applies to US funds, but not in the UK ones which
       | continue to be significantly more expensive...
        
         | cess11 wrote:
         | My broker doesn't show fee on some of the Vanguard instruments,
         | but e.g. the S&P 500 UCITS ETF (USD) has 0.08 % listed as fee.
         | Which ones are you looking at?
        
           | nexle wrote:
           | VWRA (all world UCITS) probably the more famous one charging
           | 0.22%, while the closest corresponding US ETF VT (total
           | world) is just 0.06% (dropped from 0.07%)
        
             | loeg wrote:
             | How does AUM compare between the two?
        
           | sega_sai wrote:
           | FTSE All-World UCITS ETF (VWRP) has 0.22%
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | How do those compare to average expense ratios and fees in that
         | market?
        
         | francisofascii wrote:
         | Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF (VGK) is only 0.06%
        
       | callamdelaney wrote:
       | Didn't they recently increase uk fees a tonne?
        
         | manojlds wrote:
         | That was the platform fees.
        
       | andsoitis wrote:
       | Straight from the source:
       | https://corporate.vanguard.com/content/corporatesite/us/en/c...
        
       | latchkey wrote:
       | Let's not forget that Vanguard has taken a strong stance against
       | crypto [0]. Claiming to significantly invest in technology while
       | deliberately ignoring the latest advancements in financial
       | technology, seems contradictory. If their business was doing so
       | well, they wouldn't have to lower fees.
       | 
       | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42832026
        
         | thorncorona wrote:
         | cynically, crypto's greatest achievement thus far has been
         | speed running 200 years of financial mistakes and explaining
         | why we need financial regulation.
        
           | latchkey wrote:
           | It is so predictable to get a straw man argument like this.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26238410
        
             | dsr_ wrote:
             | It's not a straw man argument when the counterargument you
             | propose is "actually, evading regulation is the point".
        
               | latchkey wrote:
               | If a country does not have a functioning banking system,
               | then it isn't evading regulation.
        
         | mdasen wrote:
         | Vanguard funds are owned by the investors in those funds. The
         | fees that they charge are to cover the expenses, not make
         | profit for a private company. If they're doing so well that the
         | fees are brining in more money than they need, they lower the
         | fees so that their owners (the investors in the funds) don't
         | have to pay as much in fees.
         | 
         | Their business is doing so well that they can lower fees.
        
           | latchkey wrote:
           | > Their business is doing so well that they can lower fees.
           | 
           | The counter to that is that they are not doing so well, that
           | they need to attract more investors.
        
             | cbg0 wrote:
             | Your counter assumes that it's one or the other, but there
             | could be more reasons, such as doing well but looking to
             | steal even more market share.
             | 
             | At over $10 trillion AUM, it's hard to think that they're
             | "not doing so well".
        
               | latchkey wrote:
               | So then why reduce fees now? Why not years ago? Are they
               | just suddenly feeling that generous?
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Vanguard has been reducing fees on a pretty regular
               | basis.
               | 
               | My assumption is that the corporate leaders go for a dip
               | in the McDuck money pond every year, and when the level
               | is too high that it risks overflowing, they adjust the
               | fees down.
        
               | wbl wrote:
               | I have heard from people who were contactors that
               | everyone brings their lunch at Vanguard. No money pond
               | here!
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | I doubt at that size you could attract enough new money to
             | offset the reduced revenue from reducing fees on the
             | existing $10T.
        
         | bityard wrote:
         | There is a difference between investment and speculation and
         | lots of people learn it the hard way, eventually.
        
           | latchkey wrote:
           | Typically: Investment is long term. Speculation is short.
           | Investment is looking for a gradual return over time.
           | Speculation is betting on price.
           | 
           | I've been long on crypto since 2013, I'm not a crypto day
           | trader, and I'm well aware of DeFi. I consider that an
           | investment, not speculation.
           | 
           | Let people treat things the way they want to. All of the
           | people who want to stick with Vanguard and their position are
           | free to do so.
        
         | recursive wrote:
         | And now I trust Vanguard just a little more.
        
           | turnsout wrote:
           | Agreed--this strengthens my feelings about the brand. And I
           | write this as someone who also holds (a tiny amount of)
           | crypto
        
             | greenavocado wrote:
             | Vanguard won't let you trade anything even tangentially
             | related to crypto FYI
        
               | greyface- wrote:
               | Not true. I own a few shares of MSTR in my Vanguard
               | brokerage account.
        
               | latchkey wrote:
               | Good choice, one of my best investments ever. Get to 100
               | shares and sell some covered calls.
        
               | niceice wrote:
               | What happens at 100 shares?
        
           | latchkey wrote:
           | I'd rather not have to "trust" any financial institution.
           | 
           | https://www.cnbc.com/2025/01/17/vanguard-fined-more-
           | than-100...
           | 
           | https://asic.gov.au/about-asic/news-centre/find-a-media-
           | rele...
           | 
           | https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/vanguard-fined-
           | prov...
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | You are likely to have to trust them eventually. SPIC
             | insurance is $500,000. If you have more than that and it
             | turns out instead of buying the investments you think they
             | were a ponzi scheme that sent the money to the owners when
             | it is discovered you get up to $500,000 of your money back,
             | while the rest is your loss. You really should have more
             | than that by age 40 if you want a comfortable retirement
             | (that is todays dollars, if you are 18 now when you hit 40
             | inflation will have made the number bigger, while if you
             | are 80 the number when you were 40 would have been lower)
        
               | latchkey wrote:
               | I'd rather not have to trust a non-profit insurance
               | company to keep a very small portion of my funds safe.
               | This stuff should be in-code and immutable by any one
               | individual or corporation.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | If you use a separate broker for each $500k then you only
               | have to worry about multiple brokers catastrophically
               | failing at the same time. And there are multiple types of
               | account with each type having a separate $500k limit.
        
             | recursive wrote:
             | I'd rather not have to either. I'm going to be honest. I'm
             | not a smart man. I don't understand the first link at all.
             | The other two I don't care about.
             | 
             |  _However_ , to the extent that those things are bad, they
             | are much less bad than my trust in myself to securely
             | manage a crypto wallet key.
             | 
             | If there was some magic thing that just automatically
             | worked and I could somehow trust it, I would be all in.
             | That's not the case for any cryptocurrency I know of
             | because you need to A) maintain access to your wallet key
             | and B) prevent other people from getting it and C) don't
             | inadvertantly click any of those links that drain your
             | account that I've heard of (I don't understand the details)
             | 
             | If you can put in the research and discipline to satisfy
             | those requirements, I'm certainly not going to try to talk
             | you out of it, but they're way to steep for us normies.
        
               | latchkey wrote:
               | The internet was very confusing to most people before AOL
               | came along and gave out free CD's with email addresses.
               | 
               | Just because the UX sucks today, doesn't mean the
               | fundamental underlying technology isn't something worth
               | building on.
               | 
               | By the way, if you think crypto UX is hard, try trading
               | options with thinkorswim.
        
               | recursive wrote:
               | > By the way, if you think crypto UX is hard, try trading
               | options with thinkorswim.
               | 
               | You've misunderstood me. I have no interest in shitty UX.
               | A competition for the shittiest UX is like the lowest
               | high jump. You want a shitty UX? I can get you one by
               | 4:30, with nail polish. The fact that extremely confusing
               | UX is easy to find in no way mitigates a merely _very
               | confusing_ UX.
               | 
               | I kind of agree with you though. Cryptocurrency is kind
               | of a neat idea. Shame about the actual manifestation
               | though. I'm not opposed on principle. If anyone ever
               | figures out how to make it good, I'll check it out. But
               | in the first 15 years, nothing reasonable has emerged. I
               | don't have much hope for the next 15 years either.
               | 
               | Maybe someone will figure it out, but I don't think
               | that's actually going to happen. So I don't think
               | investments in cryptocurrency research or whatever is a
               | good idea.
        
               | latchkey wrote:
               | Define "make it good", cause the way I see it today, it
               | is extremely good. But then again, I understand the UX
               | and I don't find it difficult at all.
               | 
               | I actually wonder if you've tried it... it really is just
               | put in an address, amount (of any size), and click send.
               | 
               | Want to earn interest or borrow funds? Load up
               | Morpho.org, deposit into a vault of your liking and
               | borrow whatever you want. No need to ask anyone for
               | permission and fully decentralized. Even the source code
               | is public and audited. Don't trust it? There's nearly $6B
               | in there and Coinbase built a whole product around it. It
               | couldn't be all bad.
               | 
               | I think things have progressed quite a lot in the last
               | few years. Take a look, you might be surprised.
               | 
               | The UX for some of my banks are way worse. For example,
               | the limits on transfer sizes are obtuse. 25k limit? WTF,
               | it is my money, let me move it around how I wish, I'm not
               | a criminal.
        
         | ch4s3 wrote:
         | This is for the same reason they don't mix gold ETFs into their
         | indexes. The point of their funds is to track companies that
         | produce goods and services, not asserts and commodities.
        
           | latchkey wrote:
           | Twist things around however you want, but VGPMX [0] invests
           | in the companies producing precious metals. 1/4 of the
           | portfolio is that.
           | 
           | [0] https://investor.vanguard.com/investment-products/mutual-
           | fun...
        
             | Aloisius wrote:
             | Vanguard invests in bitcoin _companies_. They just don 't
             | have a dedicated ETF or mutual fund.
             | 
             | For instance, Vanguard is one of the largest institutional
             | investors in MSTR and MARA.
        
       | syspec wrote:
       | Someone correct my math here, but if they have 10 trillion in
       | assets under management and the management fee is 0.07% then
       | that's still 7,000,000,000 or 7 billion in fees every year?
       | 
       | Not bad
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | Interesting. That would put their budget higher than the bottom
         | 10% of state budgets.
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | Revenue, not income.
        
         | coldpie wrote:
         | Indeed, that is about the stated revenue on their Wikipedia
         | page. Divided equally among their 20,000 employees, that comes
         | to $350,000 per employee. Expenses like office space, taxes,
         | fines/fees, inflated executive compensation, etc will bring
         | that down quite a bit; though other sources of income will
         | bring it back up too. Sounds reasonable.
        
           | echoangle wrote:
           | I wonder what 20,000 Employees are doing there though. I know
           | saying "I could do that with 10 people, what are they even
           | doing" is a meme here, but I really can't make a good guess
           | what the employees are actually doing. Risk assessment,
           | looking for new investment opportunities, regulatory
           | paperwork, marketing? 20,000 is a lot of people.
        
             | coldpie wrote:
             | One way to get a hint at what kind of work employees do is
             | by looking at open job postings:
             | https://www.vanguardjobs.com/job-search-results
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | Nice link, thank you!
        
             | lolc wrote:
             | I imagine they have actual customer service. But maybe I'm
             | naive?
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | In what situation would you contact them? Aren't
               | basically all possible problems you could have something
               | you would contact your broker for?
        
               | zerocrates wrote:
               | Vanguard is also a broker.
        
               | stearns wrote:
               | Right, you are hinting at the angle that other commenters
               | have pointed at, which is that Vanguard runs a fund
               | management business (which is what the article is about)
               | but also runs a brokerage, does 401k/403b/529
               | administration, has an advisory business, etc. The total
               | employee count refers to employees working across all
               | those business units, and that includes a lot of customer
               | service, regulatory, back office, etc.
        
             | thehappypm wrote:
             | How many people is ideal to look after $10,000,000,000,000
             | in assets? Some bloat is definitely necessary at these
             | mind-boggling numbers, and assets-per-employee is still
             | half a billion.
        
       | omgJustTest wrote:
       | Unless you have some super special edge, Vanguard is really good
       | IMO. Having a 0.01% or 0.05% fund is really as good as you can do
       | and never pay attention.
       | 
       | Vanguard also has things like the VIGAX (0.05%) and the VITAX
       | (0.09%) with excellent returns over the past 20 years.
       | 
       | You could also actively invest, where you can get lucky, but if
       | you have a day job... it gets tougher.
       | 
       | edit: also you could do "better" with lower fee funds, but they
       | typically dont match the performance over the time period, and
       | fidelity is a recent entry for their funds.
        
         | tobiasdorge wrote:
         | actively investing is 1) hard and 2) really just a waste of
         | time considering the amounts most people are dealing with. I
         | think it may have been from A Random Walk Down Wall Street but
         | the general notion is something like this:
         | 
         | You have a 500k portfolio, and you spend the average amount
         | week managing your portfolio (12 hours). If you were to achieve
         | a 2% alpha (which is considered insanely high for any actively
         | managed fund, and almost impossible to replicate year after
         | year), you have made an excess $10k over what you would have
         | made investing your portfolio in a benchmark.
         | 
         | On an hourly basis that's about $16 per hour spent... you could
         | get more reliable income working at a gas station in
         | California. And of course, most people are not investing $500k,
         | the vast majority of day traders are probably pulling their
         | hair out managing <$100k...
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | The counter is smaller returns are easier for small
           | investors. If you are a large investor just the act of buying
           | stock changes the price.
        
       | frognumber wrote:
       | I'll be contrarian. The general wisdom is hold the fund with the
       | lowest fee structure.
       | 
       | However, if the fee structure is 0.07%, that's $70/year / 100k
       | invested. Even if it's 0.44%, you're talking about $440.
       | 
       | The fees on most funds are small enough now to not matter much.
       | It's worth shopping for lower-fee funds, but the more you go
       | below 0.5%, the less it matters. If I save $500 per year for 50
       | years, that's $25k+interest, which is kind of the breakpoint of
       | where it has practical impact on e.g. when I can retire.
        
         | guntars wrote:
         | With 7% interest it's over 200k.
        
           | pinkmuffinere wrote:
           | Sure but that's an order of magnitude above the numbers the
           | parent is comparing? A 7% fee is certainly crazy, agreed with
           | you there
        
             | frognumber wrote:
             | guntars did the amortization on $25k growing with interest
             | (not fees). In other words, the claim is that 0.5% can be
             | significant. Which is true.
             | 
             | When I did the math with my life savings, 0.5% was about
             | the breakpoint where things become significant. $200k would
             | be more significant, so I suspect when I did the math
             | properly, I was expecting to retire in less than 50 years.
             | In 50 years, I'll likely be dead.
        
               | pinkmuffinere wrote:
               | Ah I see, the 7% yearly interest on the 0.5% fee can add
               | up to be significant. That is a good point, good job
               | @guntars
        
             | HDThoreaun wrote:
             | No. https://www.wolframalpha.com/input?i=500*sum+1.07%5Ex+f
             | rom+0...
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | I agree that minute differences don't really matter. E.g.,
         | 0.09% vs 0.07%; who cares. Differences as large as 0.5% are
         | much more material in the long term, though.
        
         | boglethemind wrote:
         | Agreed. I'm looking for non-financial features at this point.
         | Vanguard supports FIDO hardware keys and Fidelity doesn't.
         | 
         | I'm not storing my retirement funds in the latter.
        
         | wil421 wrote:
         | At %0.07 you would lose about 2% of your total value after 30
         | years.[1] No thanks.
         | 
         | [1]https://www.bogleheads.org/wiki/How_much_do_you_lose_to_annu
         | ...
        
           | francisofascii wrote:
           | That is the average. Many of them are just 0.03% or 0.04%
        
           | Maxatar wrote:
           | 2% over 30 years is inconsequential. At an average rate of
           | 7%, that mean you'll grow your investment by 759% over 30
           | years instead of 761%.
        
           | neogodless wrote:
           | ... of the _original_ value, ignoring growth, dividends, and
           | inflation.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | For index funds, the important measure is the tracking
         | difference [0] anyway. While the costs contribute to it,
         | different ETFs on the same index differ in their
         | typical/historic tracking differences beyond their differences
         | in nominal cost.
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://www.morningstar.com/business/insights/blog/funds/etf...
        
       | Temporary_31337 wrote:
       | The only concern now is whether the indexes keep growing.
        
       | b8 wrote:
       | I switched from VTI to ITOT, because Vanguard's actions recently
       | have been drifting away from it's founders. This inspires
       | confidence, but I'm still wary. VTI is too expensive compared to
       | ITOT. Fidelity doesn't have any ETFs listed on the Bogleheads
       | website either [0].
       | 
       | 0. https://www.bogleheads.org/wiki/Three-fund_portfolio
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | > VTI is too expensive compared to ITOT.
         | 
         | What? Both are 0.03% ER funds.
        
           | b8 wrote:
           | I meant price wise. VTI is almost $300 per share.
        
       | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
       | Fees are good but I am concerned about too much correlation in
       | the markets, caused by index funds. Basically everyone holds the
       | same assets.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | Any imbalance should be easily exploitable by market players,
         | so I would think it should be self-correcting.
         | 
         | Also, worldwide there are quite different preferences in which
         | indexes to hold, so there is some variation.
        
       | aantix wrote:
       | Feels so strange that the average investor can't outperform an
       | index fund with low management fees.
       | 
       | A small investor is so agile - they can move in and out of
       | positions. Why that agility can't be utilized to outperform a
       | slow moving index fund, long-term?
        
         | echoangle wrote:
         | Probably because no matter how agile you are, you'll never be
         | more agile than the market. And being much slower isn't worse
         | than being a little slower.
        
         | WXLCKNO wrote:
         | Does average investor here imply someone who's educated on the
         | topic and knows what he's doing?
         | 
         | And you're also saying investor, not trader. So moving in and
         | out quickly doesn't matter as much if we're talking about mid
         | to long term holds.
         | 
         | It also makes sense that those with the largest edge in
         | decision making for trades would collect most of the money.
        
         | Maxatar wrote:
         | It should not come as a surprise. While it's a bit of a
         | simplification, index funds are effectively a representation of
         | the average surviving investor...that is among all investors,
         | index funds are the average of those who have not yet gone
         | broke. The investors who have gone broke get culled out.
         | 
         | So it should not at all be surprising that index funds perform
         | better than the average investor.
         | 
         | Furthermore, as far as agility is concerned, it doesn't play
         | much of a role in the market. Almost all gains in the stock
         | market over the course of a year come from a handful of days.
         | For example in 2024, just 9 days account for the entire yearly
         | gains.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | Some can. I have done well with leveraged tech funds.
        
           | aantix wrote:
           | Is TQQQ a long-term holding?
           | 
           | You could stomach the 80% draw down?
        
             | Maxatar wrote:
             | I've been holding it for close to 10 years, it's my best
             | performing holding by a long shot. I like to hold leveraged
             | ETFs in my tax-free investment account and TQQQ along with
             | UPRO are the ETFs of choice for me.
        
               | aantix wrote:
               | Fascinating.
               | 
               | What are the black swan events for those holdings - I
               | assume they can get margin called?
        
         | v-yanakiev wrote:
         | For plausible definitions of "average investor" in this
         | context, it's arithmetically impossible:
         | https://web.stanford.edu/~wfsharpe/art/active/active.htm
        
         | TheDong wrote:
         | All the easy alpha has already been taken by high-frequency
         | traders and big trading firms, and once all the easy alpha is
         | gone, you're left more-or-less just tracking general market
         | behavior... just like index funds.
         | 
         | Except being more agile also means eating more fees.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Agile is not something a small investor can win at. You can win
         | by reading the 10k and such and then following what is
         | happening in the real world and thus predict what will happen.
         | You should be able to make a nice income doing this full time,
         | but it won't be get rich, and probably won't be even tech
         | levels. Note that I said full time. You will follow many
         | companies and conclude the market is right and thus not do
         | better, while what you need is the one where you can figure out
         | in advance the company will do good/bad before the market does
         | and thus buy/sell in advance.
         | 
         | Peter Lynch famously (he was then manager of the world's
         | largest fund) got out of Gap when he noticed his daughters
         | didn't buy anything there for school and that was his clue that
         | they wouldn't do well next quarter. Gap as had ups and downs
         | since. This is the type of research you will be doing all the
         | time, trying to find a evidence of a company that will
         | disappoint before anyone else knows. This is hard hard hard,
         | and is always a matter of luck. Remember by the time it is
         | public the large players already know and have acted (that is
         | they get alerts the instant it becomes public and are first in
         | line to act on it, technically you get the information at the
         | same time and can act as fast but in practice you will not)
        
       | websap wrote:
       | What does this mean for folks like me who buy Vanguard ETFs
       | through Robinhood.
       | 
       | The Vanguard UI / UX is absolutely terrible. Opening the website
       | instantly transports me to 2002.
        
         | qntty wrote:
         | I see several people complaining about this in this thread. Are
         | you talking about their old interface or the new one they
         | released a couple years ago? I find their new one to be decent.
         | It's a little complicated sometimes, but I think it's hard to
         | build a site that allows you to do so many things without being
         | a little complicated.
        
         | travisr wrote:
         | The fees will be the same regardless of where you buy Vanguard
         | funds.
        
       | noveltyaccount wrote:
       | I'm a big fan of Vanguard, but if anyone is looking for
       | competitively-priced funds from other issuers, check out
       | 
       | - iShares Core (Blackrock)
       | https://www.ishares.com/us/strategies/core-etfs
       | 
       | - SPDR Portfolio (State Street)
       | https://www.ssga.com/us/en/individual/fund-finder
       | 
       | - Schwab Select (includes in-house and third-party)
       | https://www.schwab.com/research/etfs/tools/select-list
        
         | hassleblad23 wrote:
         | Which of these do you use personally?
        
           | noveltyaccount wrote:
           | A mix. For a given asset class I look at expense ratios and
           | underlying indexes.
        
       | vanrohan wrote:
       | I wish there can be more focus on the voting rights for passive
       | funds. Investors are concentrating voting power with these fund
       | managers, just giving away their voting rights for free. I'd like
       | to see better investor voting management systems become more
       | available for "pass through" voting for passive fund investors.
       | 
       | [1] https://vanderwalt.de/blog/etf-vs-direct-indexing-
       | investing-...
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | It isn't possible to have an informed vote for the 500
         | companies in a S&P index fund and still have a life.
         | 
         | I probably have an informed opinion on the company I work for -
         | but I don't have enough shares to matter. The other 499 I know
         | nothing about.
        
       | nly wrote:
       | Not for UK investors apparently.
        
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