[HN Gopher] Taking a $15 Casio F91W 5km underwater
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       Taking a $15 Casio F91W 5km underwater
        
       Author : nnnnico
       Score  : 326 points
       Date   : 2025-01-31 11:40 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.watchesofespionage.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.watchesofespionage.com)
        
       | mrweasel wrote:
       | The F-91W is such a fun little watch[1] and people have done the
       | weirdest stuff with it. There's a guide to make the mod on
       | Youtube[3]. There's also the TOTP in a F-91W[2]
       | 
       | 1) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6REKCs4-1M
       | 
       | 2) https://blog.singleton.io/posts/2022-10-17-otp-on-wrist/
       | 
       | 3) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLmAq0epfrI
        
         | fnordian_slip wrote:
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/F91Ws_on_NATOs/comments/f9udxl/the_...
         | also deserves a mention here, and /r/f91w for more general
         | stuff.
        
         | Cumpiler69 wrote:
         | _> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLmAq0epfrI_
         | 
         | FWIW, a correction is required here. Oil-modding a F91W will
         | NOT make it a dive watch replacement as the video creator
         | claims several times.
         | 
         | A dive watch is designed to be operated at that depth while the
         | weak o-rings around the pushers on the F91W will give up when
         | you use the buttons. Oil modding on it holds up during a dive
         | as long as you'll never push the buttons, so it's more of a
         | neat party trick for show than anything to daily drive.
        
       | eadmund wrote:
       | Modified by oil-filling, though.
        
         | klabb3 wrote:
         | Yeah but.. it's just the way of gases and liquids under
         | pressure. Even if you could sustain the pressure with gas it
         | would be an unnecessary implosion risk if it's pierced. As long
         | as it still functions fully including on the surface, I
         | wouldn't qualify that as cheating. More like us biological
         | weaklings who need ~1atm can be cheap and skip the liquid/resin
         | because if we accidentally end up in space or the deep sea we
         | generally have bigger problems than checking the time.
        
           | Liquix wrote:
           | easy solution: fill _yourself_ with oil before diving.
           | checkmate, nation-state navies
        
             | neutered_knot wrote:
             | As depicted in the move "The Abyss".
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_breathing
        
               | euroderf wrote:
               | Also the aliens in the Sylvia & Gerry Anderson TV series
               | "UFO".
        
             | LeifCarrotson wrote:
             | I've read that it's possible to breathe oxygenated liquid
             | perfluorocarbons, but something about the idea is just
             | terrifying to me. I think it's the "fluoro" bit
             | specifically that scares me, even moreso than the "liquid"
             | part.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Humans can't really "breathe" oxygenated liquid. Our
               | diaphragms aren't strong enough to move sufficient liquid
               | in and out of the lungs, so it can only work with
               | external mechanical ventilation. This is occasionally
               | used as a salvage therapy for patients hospitalized in
               | critical care but is totally impractical and unsafe for
               | any sort of diving.
               | 
               | In the real world outside of sci-fi movies, any human
               | diving much deeper than about 0.5km will have to be done
               | in an an atmospheric diving suit.
        
         | Mogzol wrote:
         | I think it would have been interesting to send two down, one
         | oil-filled and one not and see at what depths they break (or
         | don't). The watches are cheap enough that destroying one isn't
         | much of a loss.
        
       | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
       | So the link to espionage is that a spy diver can dive to -5km
       | wearing that watch and the watch will stay whole. ChatGPT can be
       | really stupid sometimes.
        
         | mrweasel wrote:
         | It's actually two separate articles in one, but they had to
         | merge them to make the content work for their oddly specific
         | website.
        
           | millitzer wrote:
           | The second half of this article would make a great movie.
        
           | jrgifford wrote:
           | I might be reading into it, but there seems to be a bit of a
           | condescending tone with this comment.
           | 
           | The "oddly specific" website has 191K followers on
           | Instagram[1] and has done interviews with Hodinkee, one of
           | the most well known 21st century watch magazine/blogs. It is
           | not that different from others that hit the first page here
           | on HN.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.instagram.com/watchesofespionage/
        
             | mrweasel wrote:
             | You reading a bit to much into it. I did check out their
             | content before commenting, there's also three previous
             | links shared on HN. I was just amazed that they are able to
             | have enough content for something that seems extremely
             | specific.
        
       | cbsks wrote:
       | For watch hackers, there is an alternate PCB with programmable
       | microcontroller available for the F91W
       | https://www.sensorwatch.net/
       | 
       | I got one for Christmas and it has been super fun to hack on. I
       | programmed a new face for mine that displays the current tide
       | level, and next high and low tides.
        
         | noja wrote:
         | Where did you get the data for the tides?
        
           | cbsks wrote:
           | There's an algorithm you can use to calculate future tides
           | but it's complex and I wasn't sure it would even run fast
           | enough on the watch. I gave up after a few hours and ended up
           | generating an array of high/low tide levels and times for the
           | next few years. NOAA has all the tide data you could possibly
           | want, and an api to grab it.
           | 
           | https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tide_predictions.html
           | 
           | https://api.tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/api/prod/
        
             | somewhatoff wrote:
             | Casio do have a tide watch, which presumably uses that
             | algorithm:
             | 
             | https://www.greatwatches.co.uk/collections/men/products/cas
             | i...
        
             | zardo wrote:
             | And this approach actually works for inland waters since
             | NOAA predictions are accounting for geographic effects.
             | (e.g. the tide in Seattle is drastically different in
             | timing and magnitude from the Pacific Coast)
        
               | cbsks wrote:
               | NOAA publishes the harmonic coefficients for each tide
               | station, so if you hard code those constants into your
               | program you should be able to generate accurate tide
               | predictions. I looked into it a bunch before it started
               | to feel less fun and more like "real work".
               | 
               | https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/about_harmonic_constitu
               | ent...
        
             | pjpweaver wrote:
             | Did you publish your simple solution anywhere?
        
               | cbsks wrote:
               | Not yet. I'll clean it up someday. But not today.
        
               | pjpweaver wrote:
               | Looking forward! I hope to work on something similar soon
               | too, the API solution seems helpful.
        
         | a-french-anon wrote:
         | Too bad it doesn't support the F105, aka "F91 with a usable
         | light".
        
           | MetaWhirledPeas wrote:
           | Casio is phasing out electroluminescent backlighting and
           | going back to a single LED, so I would buy an F105 while you
           | still can. I've heard it said it was to improve battery life
           | and longevity but I've never had a problem with either one.
        
             | homebrewer wrote:
             | If they update F91W to include better backlight, then good
             | riddance. Their newer models (like A700W) have single-LED
             | backlight, and it's excellent (probably better than EL, but
             | I haven't used EL in a while). The watch is very thin too,
             | unlike EL models.
        
               | MetaWhirledPeas wrote:
               | My son has the newer LED model, and the EL looks better.
               | The EL watch is equally thin too.
        
             | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
             | Before EL they were using incandescent bulbs. So they're
             | going _forward_ to LED.
        
               | MetaWhirledPeas wrote:
               | Ahh! So there is some improvement at least.
        
           | ozuly wrote:
           | I fixed this on my A158 (basically a silver F91) by replacing
           | the backlight spreader. Super simple mod and only costs about
           | $12. Granted that's close to the cost of the watch itself.
           | 
           | https://www.etsy.com/listing/1448973768/back-light-
           | spreader-...
        
         | jgrahamc wrote:
         | Yes, it's great fun: https://blog.jgc.org/2022/10/pimping-my-
         | casio-with-oddly-spe...
        
           | skrebbel wrote:
           | Wow I'm impressed at the developer experience. A reset
           | button, flash with `make install`, woa. I've programmed
           | plenty pro embedded systems that had substantially worse
           | support. Hacky flasher apps, messing around with the power
           | source, _definitely_ no USB connector (on such a small board
           | even). Super cool!
        
             | cbsks wrote:
             | There's even an emulator that is super helpful when
             | designing new complications
             | https://www.sensorwatch.net/docs/firmware/simulate/focus/
             | 
             | The firmware code quality is good as well. Well documented
             | and easy to extend. It's clearly a labor of love.
        
         | steve_adams_86 wrote:
         | As I read the article this is exactly what I wished the watch
         | could do, and I wondered if there are any around which do it.
         | 
         | I have a free diving watch and always wondered... Why doesn't
         | it support tides? If even approximately? I wrote a script to
         | check DFO tides once per week and alert me to potentially good
         | diving conditions (cross referenced with the 2 week weather
         | forecast; it's not super reliable), but I'd love to have a read
         | out of the tide right on my watch.
         | 
         | I guess I could do this with my Apple Watch, but I'm so burned
         | out on that ecosystem.
        
           | rsaz wrote:
           | Casio has a few watches with tide functionality in their
           | G-Shock line. Bit more expensive than the F91W, but still
           | great watches. They're marketed to surfers, often under the
           | G-LIDE name. Here's a thread about some of them: https://www.
           | reddit.com/r/gshock/comments/18jpgq5/casio_gshoc...
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Garmin Descent series watches have free diving activity
           | profiles and support tides. It kind of "cheats" by
           | downloading tide data from Garmin servers via a Bluetooth
           | connection to your smartphone so it's not doing any tide
           | calculations on the device.
           | 
           | https://www.garmin.com/en-US/p/766516/pn/010-02604-01#specs
        
             | steve_adams_86 wrote:
             | I didn't realize you can get these in this price range.
             | Thanks for the heads up!
        
         | 10729287 wrote:
         | Ironically, something Casio have been struggled with on their
         | fancies G-SHOCK GBX-100 few years ago. Tides were based on
         | database and not cycles and they were always wrong (contrary to
         | the older, more basic, not connected, tides model). I'm a fan
         | of tides G-Shock, I got one and sold it fast unfortunately...
         | maybe the only time Casio disappointed me.
         | 
         | https://www.watchuseek.com/threads/need-help-gbx-100-tide-gr...
        
         | freeCandy wrote:
         | The author is working on a new version with more features:
         | https://www.crowdsupply.com/oddly-specific-objects/sensor-wa...
        
           | cbsks wrote:
           | I'm excited for the replacement LCD. The stock display has a
           | bunch of restrictions on which segments can be active at once
           | https://www.sensorwatch.net/docs/wig/display/
        
       | ndiddy wrote:
       | Was disappointed that he only brought a modified oil filled watch
       | to 5km underwater. Would have been interesting if he'd have
       | strapped a stock watch next to it so we could see when it would
       | break.
        
         | rhd wrote:
         | This video might be of interest to you-
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOT8XU1ss3E (Do Oil-Filled
         | (Hydro Mod) Watches Actually Dive Deeper?)
        
         | homebrewer wrote:
         | A very similar model (A158 -- they differ only in the bracelet)
         | breaks at 200 m:
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/G3iMkeF8qmA
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/sep5Tw-55yw
         | 
         | The timekeeping mechanism keeps working fine, though, it's only
         | the display that's busted.
        
         | dnisbet wrote:
         | Yep would have loved more on when the watch (unmodified) would
         | actually break and also how you would fill it with oil? There
         | can't be much space inside, at what point does the viscosity of
         | the oil matter? how do you know you've got all the air out?
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | I'm assuming they are using mineral oil; I've not filled a
           | watch with mineral oil, but I have worked with it. Mineral
           | oil is not particularly viscous; some gentle tapping is
           | probably enough to get all the bubbles out.
           | 
           | Here's a video of a PC immersed in mineral oil with an
           | aquarium bubbler and you can see the bubbles rise fairly
           | quickly:
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tUBvWXH1hLs&t=110s
        
       | OliveMate wrote:
       | I've been stuck down the Casio modding rabbit hole as of late. I
       | knew filling the watch with oil ('hydro-mod') lead to a crisper
       | display with better viewing angles and increased water
       | resistance, but to see a watch with minor splash resistance
       | operate as such depths is insane.
       | 
       | Worth mentioning some drawbacks before you get your precision
       | screwdrivers out. Doing it will make your watch get stupidly hot
       | in the sun, the process can be messy, and sometimes certain
       | mechanisms/features can break as a result of it. Best to check
       | what others have done before you.
        
         | cenamus wrote:
         | Why does it heat up in the sun?
        
           | two_handfuls wrote:
           | My guess: higher thermal mass, so over time it can accumulate
           | more heat than a non-filled watch.
        
             | iancmceachern wrote:
             | I expect it has more to do with thermal conductivity
        
           | Cerium wrote:
           | The back will get hot since the oil improves the heat
           | transfer from the front to the back. The sun will always heat
           | the front, but as long as the heat transfer rate to the back
           | is low enough it won't feel hot - your body will absorb the
           | heat and reach an equilibrium temperature which feels
           | natural.
        
       | kali_00 wrote:
       | Notably, there was no attempt to operate the watch at such
       | depths. Pressing a side button would be an interesting test, for
       | instance. Many "water resistant" watches, rated to a certain
       | depth are only rated so, given the not inconsiderable caveat of
       | not being able to operated - just looked at. The higher end, more
       | expensive models claiming full waterproof ability don't typically
       | have such functional restriction.
        
         | protimewaster wrote:
         | It seems like actually pressing a watch button at that depth
         | would be quite a feat of precision engineering itself. Are ROV
         | arms typically that precise that it would be possible to see
         | well enough and finely enough control the arm to press the
         | button?
        
         | curiousObject wrote:
         | Not sure if the buttons function, but the watch is displaying
         | time in the photos, for 50 minutes of the descent at least.
        
       | aurizon wrote:
       | These watches often have a quartz crystal - the little can would
       | crush and the oil would damp oscillations, so they might have a
       | laser trimmed RC loop - which would be cheaper as well as crush-
       | proof?
        
       | maxglute wrote:
       | I just a fitness band in a f91w or w59 body.
        
       | t1234s wrote:
       | Any hacks to fix the useless light?
        
         | echelon_musk wrote:
         | Buy a W-86-1VQES instead.
        
         | jibe wrote:
         | There is one, but requires another Casio watch to borrow the
         | backlight from.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/9-jd_7eXACU
        
         | rsaz wrote:
         | n-o-d-e has what he calls a data runner mod which includes
         | simply swapping the stock green light with a brighter white
         | one. I've had one for years now, and its still not ideal, but
         | definitely better than the original:
         | 
         | https://n-o-d-e.net/datarunner.html
        
         | racnid wrote:
         | There are some diffuser mods available too that look like they
         | would make a big difference.
        
         | ozuly wrote:
         | You can buy replacement backlight spreaders off of etsy. I did
         | it to mine and the backlight is now usable..
        
       | _tariky wrote:
       | I own legendary GW-5000U. It is amazing to see those cheaper
       | alternatives are as good as 5000U.
       | 
       | I'm wondering is there any other brend except Casio that has
       | watches as amazing as those are.
        
         | franczesko wrote:
         | I think Garmin is doing pretty interesting outdoors models,
         | however I prefer Casio due to simplicity and... nostalgia
        
       | discreteevent wrote:
       | FYI Casio recently brought out a minimalist series of the F-91W
       | (same watch - just a bit less chrome on the face) e.g.
       | https://www.casio.com/europe/watches/casio/product.F-91WB-1A...
        
         | Mistletoe wrote:
         | If there is one thing the original is, it's too flashy. :)
         | 
         | Kidding aside, that looks pretty neat.
        
         | bookofjoe wrote:
         | Ooh, these are beautiful:
         | 
         | Blue: https://www.creationwatches.com/products/casio-
         | digital-350/c...
         | 
         | Grey: https://www.creationwatches.com/products/casio-
         | digital-350/c...
         | 
         | Black: https://www.amazon.com/Casio-Environmentally-Friendly-
         | Bio-Ba...
         | 
         | White: https://www.amazon.com/Casio-Environmentally-Friendly-
         | Bio-Ba...
        
         | devindotcom wrote:
         | Wow, love this. I of course love the classic color lettering
         | (which really is quite tasteful) but I'm going to cop a
         | "minimalist" black style for more formal occasions!
        
       | jessekv wrote:
       | I found one of these while free diving. Wiped it off and wore it
       | for several years, until I lost it while free diving.
        
         | wwilim wrote:
         | So did I!
        
           | ASalazarMX wrote:
           | Why are these so easy to lose?
        
             | verelo wrote:
             | *share
        
             | prova_modena wrote:
             | The straps tend to break after a few years. Casio G Shock
             | straps last a lot longer, despite being very similar. Not
             | sure if it is because the F91W strap is thinner or made of
             | a less durable material.
        
         | wwarren wrote:
         | The circle is complete
        
       | ge96 wrote:
       | Awe the Seal kiss, 20,000 Leagues vibe
        
       | __mharrison__ wrote:
       | I modded mine with olive oil when I bought it. Pretty
       | indestructible.
        
       | dr_kiszonka wrote:
       | Is that a real CIA challenge coin? It has what look like strange
       | imperfections.
        
         | runjake wrote:
         | Looks like it. The imperfections are just glare from the
         | lighting.
        
       | jigneshdarji91 wrote:
       | > Incredibly, the F91W survives its journey to an official 4,950
       | meters--an astonishing 16,240 feet--and back.
       | 
       | Findings.
       | 
       | > 4,950 meters under the surface, the pressure is approximately
       | 7,227 pounds per square inch, which is well over three tons
       | pressing on the watch. For context, that's a Dodge Ram 1500 or a
       | young adult hippopotamus parked on every inch of your F91W. As
       | Americans, we'll do anything to avoid the metric system, but
       | using scientific terminology, we're talking about a shitload of
       | pressure.
       | 
       | Appreciate the joke.
        
       | franczesko wrote:
       | The new abl-100, besides more wearable size could have a nice
       | tinkering potential
        
       | johng wrote:
       | It's amazing how often this comes up on HN... I'll have to get
       | one.
       | 
       | https://hn.algolia.com/?q=f91w
        
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