[HN Gopher] Quantel Paintbox History
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       Quantel Paintbox History
        
       Author : dcminter
       Score  : 29 points
       Date   : 2025-01-27 21:03 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.quantelpaintbox.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.quantelpaintbox.com)
        
       | AlanYx wrote:
       | Quantel is a good example of how pivoting to patent litigation
       | against competitors generally foreshadows a formerly innovative
       | company's demise.
        
         | sherr wrote:
         | Yes, I believe it left quite a bad taste in the mouths of many
         | a small software house. At least those trying to compete
         | against them with a "software" paint brush,
        
         | mrandish wrote:
         | The infamous Quantel "Airbrush" patent war was pretty crazy. A
         | bunch of companies settled with Quantel rather than fight even
         | though the patent claim was clearly bogus. Fortunately, Adobe
         | decided to go all-in on fighting it and it was apparently a
         | huge battle. Thanks to that, ordinary mortals were able to have
         | soft-edged airbrush strokes in not just Photoshop but every
         | cheap and open-source paint program.
        
       | lysace wrote:
       | > priced around $450,000 each in todays money
       | 
       | Honestly seems underpriced for what it was at the time. They
       | should have looked at e.g. Cray Inc for pricing inspiration. They
       | delivered something conceptually similar; a time machine into the
       | future.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | The drive arrays back then were crazy expensive as well. One
         | 90GB array was made up from 2 16-drive chassis. The price tag
         | was more than a house. This was connected to an Onyx 2 running
         | Discreet's Inferno. The Onyx 2 wasn't cheap. The cheapest part
         | of any of it was the software, which wasn't cheap in its own
         | right either. That was back in the day's of charging $1,000+/hr
         | for sessions.
        
           | lysace wrote:
           | Sure, but you are comparing 1981 Quantel Paintbox with 1996
           | SGI Onyx2 - unless I misunderstood you.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | yes, but it's all really friggin' old at this point, and
             | just a part of the shit was really expensive back in the
             | day.
        
               | lysace wrote:
               | I suppose it's a matter of perspective.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | The old or the really expensive?
               | 
               | I was at a color facility when DaVinci was bought by
               | Black Magic. The software+hardware to run the old version
               | was well over six figures, and the dongle for the
               | software was the hardware as the software was useless
               | without it. Then BMD released the software only
               | version...for free and it was not useless. Getting the
               | licensed version was $1k (which now comes free with other
               | hardware purchases from BMD). So even if you trick out a
               | system with multiple GPUs, you're maybe pushing four
               | figures. The new system is pretty much resolution
               | agnostic as long as you have the patience for it while
               | the old systems were very much resolution limited.
               | 
               | So yes, things are very much cheaper and more bang for
               | that buck today. This is how the world works. For the
               | people that spent all of that money, it was a very
               | upsetting realization that the industry had become
               | democratized where the cost of things was no longer a
               | barrier to entry. They always cried over the money spent
               | while ignoring how much money was made from it. It's just
               | weird to see the olds crying over deprecated gear that
               | still works but is absolutely useless in modern day.
        
       | KaiserPro wrote:
       | this was the kind of hardware that got me into VFX. However by
       | the time I got there, the last vestiges of non-x86 based hardware
       | were mostly banished.
       | 
       | One of the oddities or interesting parts about paintbox and later
       | systems (including harrys and henrys, they were in use right up
       | until ~2010) is that they didn't have a "framestore" that is, you
       | painted one image, saved it to tape, loaded in a new one etc etc.
       | There was no real "local" storage for keeping frames, as the
       | article pointed out.
       | 
       | I had heard that there were disk based framestores, but I'd never
       | seen one. There are a few people on mastodon that specialise in
       | restoring Quantel kit like this.
       | 
       | Ofcourse David Hockney used a piantbox to produce some bollocks,
       | as he always does, but that doesn't do justice to the epic
       | artistry that paintbox operators had.
        
         | mrandish wrote:
         | > they didn't have a "framestore" that is, you painted one
         | image, saved it to tape, loaded in a new one etc etc. There was
         | no real "local" storage for keeping frames, as the article
         | pointed out.
         | 
         | I think that was true for the early generations. The Paintbox
         | only had memory for a foreground, background and alpha channel,
         | so 2.5 frames at most. However, I recently watched a
         | demonstration video for the Harriet which followed only a few
         | years later and it said it could store 12.5 seconds of video to
         | RAM - which would explain it's high price. The video showed
         | recording video clips to this memory by simply playing them in
         | real-time. It also mentioned being able to store up to 30
         | seconds of video offline on a removable Winchester disk pack
         | (although I'm sure transferring video frames to that over SCSI
         | required quite a while).
        
       | dylan604 wrote:
       | We were just chatting about this kind of equipment yesterday. The
       | equipment for old SD post houses were so expensive, and now hold
       | pretty much no value, even as scrap. From Paintbox to Henry to
       | ADO to CMX edit suites to tape decks and even Chyrons that are
       | now just boat anchors and door stops. The old DaVinci Gold
       | systems in their racks of equipment capable of SD/HD replaced by
       | a couple of GPUs in a desktop that are pretty much unrestricted
       | resolution.
        
         | mrandish wrote:
         | > are now just boat anchors and door stops.
         | 
         | This systems could go from Luxury Yacht to Anchor shockingly
         | fast. I visited Broadway Video in NY (a very high-end post
         | house) in the later 90s and they had a disconnected Quantel
         | Mirage (~$750,000) literally propping a door open.
         | 
         | The earliest systems had such astronomical prices because they
         | were based on huge amounts of discrete components and they knew
         | the lifetime sales would likely only range from a few dozen to
         | hundreds of units. The original Paintbox only had a 68000 CPU
         | yet had to handle mixing two full frame composite video images
         | with alpha channels at 60fps with 1 FPS UI lag. That required
         | dedicated hardware to achieve most of its functions. I doubt
         | the CPU ever touched the actual video data in most operations.
         | The hardware processing pipelines in video effects systems of
         | this era usually digitized, processed and manipulated video in
         | its native YUV or YIQ encoding. Decoding to RGB would have been
         | very costly, even more bandwidth and memory intensive - and
         | rather pointless since general purpose CPUs couldn't work
         | nearly fast enough to process it in real-time.
         | 
         | Reading patents from the high-end broadcast video effect
         | systems of the 1980s is eye-opening. I was blown away by the
         | 1981 Ampex ADO patent.
         | https://patents.google.com/patent/US4472732/en
         | 
         | In the late 1970s these studs made discrete hardware to remap
         | live video sources onto almost arbitrary quadrilaterals with
         | alpha channel, light sourcing and shadows in _real-time_. This
         | was basically implementing GPU texturing and lighting functions
         | out of Atari 2600 era 74LS-type logic. The designs had to use
         | decadent amounts of the fastest static RAM available to cache
         | and buffer every line of video, and even then only barely kept
         | up. It 's no wonder these crazy racks of gear could cost upward
         | of a million dollars. Yet by 1990 the march of Moore's Law
         | would allow clever designers to achieve similar effects with
         | the Video Toaster, a sub-$2000 add-in card for an Amiga. The
         | Toaster won an Emmy award for technical achievement and
         | unleashed the real-time desktop video revolution which put this
         | kind of tech in everyone's hands.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Fun fact story about the ADO and using it in ways not
           | expected. This was a piece of equipment that post houses
           | could charge $250-$500/hr for use. In the bad old days of
           | analog tape-to-tape editing, it was possible to have a piece
           | of gear setup incorrectly with the rest of the equipment in
           | the shop. This issue would cause the color burst to flip when
           | the signal was used as a source, and when the edited tape was
           | played back the flip would happen twice--once at the start
           | and again at the end of the edit--you could see the flips
           | happen on the waveform. This flipping was worth of a fine
           | from the FCC for any broadcaster that dared to air this. Some
           | enterprising person realized that if you ran the signal
           | through the ADO while using none of its designed features,
           | the output signal would be corrected to no longer have the
           | flipping burst issue. This was all analog, so a generation
           | hit was taken just to fix the issue.
           | 
           | There was a very recent post about someone restoring an Amiga
           | 1000 that had me reminiscing about my days with an Amiga 2000
           | with a video toaster. I commented there about how that device
           | replacing all of the existing gear was how I decided what
           | career path I was taking. Maybe that shell shock of new
           | replacing old at a young age allowed me to accept old
           | equipment being no longer of any value where the older
           | coworkers just had not had to accept that just yet.
        
             | mrandish wrote:
             | > ran the signal through the ADO while using none of its
             | designed features
             | 
             | So, basically using an esoteric multi-hundred thousand
             | dollar piece of gear as a time base corrector. Cool. I
             | recall abusing gear in similar ways back in the day!
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | exactly, only for some reason they said a TBC would not
               | make the correction. in a same but different fashion,
               | passing a source with Macrovision through a TBC would
               | just pass the Macrovision. Running the source with
               | Macrovision through a standards converter without
               | converting the standard would remove the Macrovision.
               | 
               | when I was first starting, I would spend down time
               | patching/routing the output of one thing into the input
               | of another thing just to look at what the signal looked
               | like before/after. that hacker ethos reveals itself in
               | many forms
        
               | mrandish wrote:
               | > only for some reason they said a TBC would not make the
               | correction
               | 
               | Hmmm, maybe the TBC was just re-timing the sync but the
               | ADO was fully stripping and regenerating everything
               | outside the active picture area. A lot of early TBCs only
               | had 8 or 16 lines of memory, whereas the ADO had to have
               | had a full frame store.
               | 
               | > I would spend down time patching/routing the output of
               | one thing into the input of another
               | 
               | Brings to mind a story. My first exposure to any real
               | gear was at a tiny video studio that only had minimal
               | older gear to make industrial quality stuff on 3/4" tape.
               | Late one night when no one was around, I disconnected the
               | main production switcher and re-wired it into a different
               | configuration using our bottom-of-the-line Chyron VP-1 as
               | a full frame graphics generator. The VP-1 was only a very
               | basic lower-third generator. It was "cheap" because it
               | had no interface at all, just an RS-232 port and the user
               | had to supply a separate computer to send it text strings
               | with simple formatting codes for font, color and spacing.
               | Basically, like a Hayes modem for titling (ATDT "Co-
               | Starring"). Being the "computer guy", I got the
               | assignment of writing our titling software using a Kaypro
               | CP/M machine to send codes.
               | 
               | Since I'd written the software, it was easy to change it
               | to generate strangely formatted stuff that still complied
               | with the API. So that night I formatted a "lower-third"
               | that started at the top of the screen and filled every
               | line with maximum font-sized periods with zero kerning
               | and zero line spacing. Because I chose a font where the
               | period symbol was square, it filled the screen with a
               | solid color. Modifying some of the lines to change
               | certain period dots to have a foreground color of
               | {transparent}, I was able to cut two side-by-side squares
               | out of the center of the solid colored frame. Making the
               | background color of the transparent period dots black,
               | gave these inset squares soft-edged black drop shadows
               | over the color field. Adding a one period-wide border to
               | each square in an alternate foreground color was then a
               | simple addition.
               | 
               | I wired the switcher to make this a final layer with two
               | cut-out windows to whatever was underneath. I then fired
               | up two studio cameras and framed up distinct shots in
               | each. Using the switcher's effect buss I set up a
               | vertical wipe splitting the screen between the two
               | cameras. The overlaid Chyron graphic covered the split
               | line and I carefully framed each camera to compose a nice
               | shot. Finally, I added a text title centered underneath
               | each inset square. And recorded the final output before
               | unhooking everything and re-wiring back to normal
               | operation.
               | 
               | The next day everyone was mystified when I showed them
               | the recorded shot because I'd made something that looked
               | exactly like a high-end network dual squeeze box digital
               | effect with multiple busses of keyed graphics (in those
               | days, shadows required a separate buss). All in a studio
               | that had no ability to generate any graphics or any way
               | to digitally reposition video. By rewiring components in
               | odd ways and abusing various functionality it was
               | possible to get some really interesting and unexpected
               | results. Good times... :-)
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | I think I've found my doppelganger. I always tried to use
               | the low end gear that I had access to but in a way that
               | made it look like I had access to better gear. Then, when
               | I had access to good equipment, I wasn't afraid to trying
               | things just because. Also, it helped to not know the
               | "right" way, and just find "a" way. The downstream keyer
               | was fun to play with in that it was fun on what to send
               | it.
        
       | Wistar wrote:
       | Positive Video, in Orinda, CA, was one of the first facilities in
       | the U.S. to have a Paintbox. I think it arrived in late 1983.
       | Roger Mocenigo was the artist who ran it. Our first big project
       | with it was Atari's videodisc-based arcade game, Firefox.
       | 
       | For a few evenings in 1984 or maybe 85, Jerry Garcia rented the
       | whole place out and played on the Paintbox.
       | 
       | We were also one of the first facilities to have a Quantel
       | Mirage. We hired a math guru out of Berkeley, Eddie Elliot, to
       | program the Mirage (Pascal). Jerry Garcia rented that, too. He
       | had a bunch of analog graphics created on an Aurora system that
       | he wanted to run through the Mirage.
        
         | sherr wrote:
         | Great story. Halcyon days. Was Garcia playing on the kit for a
         | purpose or just fun? Did he create anything that was seen
         | anywhere?
        
           | Wistar wrote:
           | He was fairly tight-lipped about the exact purpose of the
           | psychedelic footage (Aurora run through Mirage). We guessed
           | it was intended for live performance backgrounds but we never
           | knew for sure. I do know it cost a small fortune as the edit
           | suite with Mirage was at least $800/hr and perhaps more.
           | Garcia booked it for several hours nightly for about 10 days
           | or so.
           | 
           | His Paintbox stuff appeared to be just to play around with
           | the system. He'd show up with a portfolio of sketches on
           | paper and disappear into the Paintbox suite for an hour or so
           | at a time. His manager, a hard-nosed guy, would sweep the
           | place to make certain no remnants or artifacts remained in
           | our hands after the sessions.
        
         | Lammy wrote:
         | Neat https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JjRcruWEedU
        
           | Wistar wrote:
           | Wow! What a relic! That video pre-dates me. By the time I got
           | there in 1984, they had added an ADO. Not too long after that
           | came the Quantel Mirage and a short time later a Bosch
           | Telecine, (although the telecine had been delayed many months
           | by a lawsuit over the color correction technology by a guy
           | named Armand Sarabia of CCC). The telecine is where Lucasfilm
           | transferred The Adventures of Andre & Wally B, the first CGI
           | to feature motion blur.
           | 
           | One night at about 3am a fist-fight between client guests
           | broke out in the sunken client area in front of the edit
           | suite console. A Jefferson Starship music video was being
           | edited. Fun times.
        
       | glxxyz wrote:
       | The BBC filmed a few artists trying it out in 1987, which was
       | probably how a lot of the public first heard of it:
       | https://youtu.be/ZI8RbdPe4ro
        
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