[HN Gopher] Why DeepSeek had to be open source
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Why DeepSeek had to be open source
        
       Author : AnhTho_FR
       Score  : 479 points
       Date   : 2025-01-29 15:37 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.getlago.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.getlago.com)
        
       | zbshqoa wrote:
       | That shouldn't be the premise of a company that has "open" in its
       | name as well?
        
         | igorguerrero wrote:
         | Not here, here we lick the boot of sama to get crumbs for our
         | startups ;-)
        
       | ge96 wrote:
       | Tin foil hat, anyone run it and use wireshark to see if it
       | doesn't make external requests (unless it had to like a browser
       | agent)
        
         | exitb wrote:
         | It's just numbers. You use other open source software to run
         | it.
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | It's not even "can". You _have to_ use your own software to
           | run it. DeepSeek hasn 't published anything other than the
           | model weights.
        
           | NBJack wrote:
           | The model is. How it is packaged is a different matter
           | entirely. There is a good reason we saw a shift towards the
           | safetensors format.
           | 
           | https://arjancodes.com/blog/python-pickle-module-security-
           | ri...
        
         | derektank wrote:
         | Yeah, I would want to double check and confirm they're using
         | safe serialization methods at the very least before using the
         | weights from any model released by a Chinese entity
        
         | marcodiego wrote:
         | Isn't DeepSeek simple/small enough you can run it locally?
        
           | deepsquirrelnet wrote:
           | At least a TB of VRAM to load it in fp16. They distilled to
           | smaller models, which do not perform as well, but can be run
           | on a single GPU. Full R1 is big though.
        
           | zbendefy wrote:
           | No, the full R1 model is ~650GB. There are quantized version
           | that quantize it down to ~150GB.
           | 
           | What you can run locally are the distilled models, that is
           | actually LLama and Qwen weights further trained on R1's
           | output
        
         | nexus_six wrote:
         | I've done this (not thoroughly by any means) with OpenSnitch on
         | the Ubuntu machine I have ollama installed on running the 32b
         | R1 weights. No network traffic.
         | 
         | I'm not entirely sure if it is possible to do some type of code
         | execution like that in just the weights themselves, though
         | someone else who knows a bit more about this can weigh in here.
        
         | ru552 wrote:
         | It's been confirmed to run on a machine with no internet
         | access. So it isn't reliant on external requests, though it
         | could still be trying to make them.
        
       | apples_oranges wrote:
       | "We Have No Moat, And Neither Does OpenAI" - Google
        
         | jszymborski wrote:
         | In fairness, it's at least a $5.6M moat at the moment, which is
         | not exactly "no moat" but it is demonstrably not an
         | insurmountable one, and it might become more shallow yet with
         | time.
        
         | dauertewigkeit wrote:
         | It ironically seems like a very similiar market to internet
         | search. There was no moat there either, other than the capital
         | needed to bankroll a better search engine. A lot of these AI
         | companies will eventually fail (not because their models will
         | be significantly worse but because of failure to
         | commercialize), the market will consolidate with only a couple
         | of players (maybe two in the US, one in China and maybe one in
         | Russia). And once that happens the idea of raising enough
         | capital and building a competitive AI company will seem
         | impossible. Exactly like what transpired with internet search
         | after Google won most of the market.
        
           | fourside wrote:
           | Google did absolutely have a moat on internet search. It
           | wasn't just about bankrolling a an alternative as Microsoft
           | proved time and time again.
        
           | mjburgess wrote:
           | Oof, no -- it's quite the opposite, much to the likely
           | collapse of google in the future.
           | 
           | Holding exabytes of data to be processed on commodity
           | hardware to enable internet-wide search, all the while it was
           | man-in-the-middle monetised by an ad-business, created
           | tremendous moats. Entering that market is limited to tech
           | multinationals, and they have to deliver a much superior
           | experience to overcome them. To perform a google search you
           | need google-sized data-centres.
           | 
           | Here we have exactly the opposite dynamics: high-quality
           | search results (/prompt-answers) are as-of-now incredibly
           | commodotized, and accessible at-inferecence-time to any
           | person who has $25k. That's going to be <= 10k soon.
           | 
           | And innovation in the space has also gone from needing >1Bn
           | to <=50Mil
           | 
           | A higher quality search experience is available _now_ at
           | absolutely trivial prices.
        
             | stuartjohnson12 wrote:
             | That's only because LLMs haven't been a target until now.
             | Search worked great back before everything became
             | algorithmically optimised to high hell. Over time, the
             | quality of information degrades because as metric
             | manipulation becomes more effective, every quality signal
             | becomes weaker.
             | 
             | Right now, automated knowledge gathering absolutely wipes
             | the floor with automated bias. Cloudflare has an AI blocker
             | which still can't stop residential proxies with suitably
             | configured crawlers. The technology for LLM
             | crawling/training is still mostly unknown, even to
             | engineers, so no SEO wranglers have been able to game
             | training data filters successfully. All LLMs have access to
             | the same dataset - the internet.
             | 
             | Once you:
             | 
             | 1. Publicly reveal how training data is pre-processed 2.
             | Roll out a reputation score that makes it hard for bots to
             | operate 3. Begin training on non-public data, such as
             | synthetic datasets 4. Give manipulated data a few more
             | years to accumulate and find its way into training data
             | 
             | It becomes a lot harder.
        
         | xnx wrote:
         | Of any company, Google has the largest moat: 1) Google AI
         | datacenters built around TPUs are much more efficient than
         | anything Nvidia based 2) Google has the crawl infrastructure
         | and experience to continually get the freshest data 3) Google
         | has lots of paid and voluntary training data from users
        
           | brap wrote:
           | Most importantly, Google has the userbase to rule all
           | userbases. I'd argue that for over 90% of people online,
           | Google is their gateway to information. Whether it's search,
           | Chrome, or Android.
           | 
           | Not to mention countless other popular apps that Google has.
           | YouTube anyone?
           | 
           | They're also the most well positioned company to profit from
           | cheap AI, their ads network is a behemoth.
           | 
           | So yeah, add that up with the compute, the data, and the
           | talent, and it's pretty clear that Google is not a force to
           | dismiss.
           | 
           | If anything I think DeepSeek is great news for Google.
        
           | danieldk wrote:
           | On the other hand, Google also stands to lose a lot. People
           | will replace a portion of their search queries with LLM chat.
        
             | SkyPuncher wrote:
             | I already have. Never thought I would, but Google search
             | results are literally unusable for me.
             | 
             | Not to mention, LLMs are way better at synthesizing
             | multiple sources into coherent response. I end up asking
             | and LLM then searching only as secondary research.
        
               | aerhardt wrote:
               | > Google search results are literally unusable for me
               | 
               | Totally on the same boat. Information is just much harder
               | to find and friction becomes higher. I'd rather deal with
               | the occasional hallucination than with the utterly
               | enshittified SERP experience.
        
             | xnx wrote:
             | I certainly have replaced many of my Google Searches with
             | Gemini chats
        
             | luma wrote:
             | That's only a problem if you presume that Google cannot
             | figure out a way to monetize being the second brain that
             | you offload a lot of cognitive tasks to. Hey google I'm
             | hungry, ok how does Pizza sound? Great, make it so. OK,
             | sending an order to pizza-company-that-paid-Google.
             | 
             | They stand to tap into something far more powerful than
             | advertising if they can position themselves as your agent.
        
       | feverzsj wrote:
       | Didn't they only "opensource" weights like others?
        
         | helpfulclippy wrote:
         | It's amazing to me that "open source" has been so diluted that
         | it is now used to mean "we will give you an opaque binary and
         | permission to run it on your own computer."
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | Haha yup. Going by the current definition of "open source" in
           | AI 100% of software created before the cloud era would have
           | been considered open source.
        
             | mFixman wrote:
             | I can't believe Microsoft finally made Windows open source.
        
             | desdenova wrote:
             | Every binary is open source if you can read assembly.
        
           | dartos wrote:
           | Yeah blame the crowds of newbies calling llama open source bc
           | it was free after being leaked.
        
           | hexomancer wrote:
           | If I publish some c++ code that has some hard-coded magic
           | values in it, can the code not be considered open source
           | until I also publish how I came up with those magic values?
        
             | z3c0 wrote:
             | I don't know if that compares to an AI model, where the
             | most significant portions are the data preparation and
             | training. The code DeepSeek released only demonstrates how
             | to use the given weights for inferencing with Torch/Triton.
             | I wouldn't consider that an open-source model, just wrapper
             | code for publicly available weights.
             | 
             | I think a closer comparison would be Android and GApps,
             | where if you remove the latter, most would deem the phone
             | unusable.
        
             | mohsen1 wrote:
             | if you publish only the binary it's not open source
             | 
             | if open the source then it is open source
             | 
             | if you write a book/blog about how you came up with the
             | ideas but didn't publish the source it's not open source,
             | even if you publish the blog+binaries
        
               | mistercheph wrote:
               | model weights != binaries
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | why not?
        
               | jay_kyburz wrote:
               | Its like the image you generated in Photoshop released as
               | creative commons, not the Photoshop source code.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | that adds to model weights == binaries tho
        
             | bityard wrote:
             | It depends on what those magic numbers are for. If they
             | represent pure data, and it's obvious what the data is
             | (perhaps a bitmap image), then sure, it's open source.
             | 
             | If the magic values are some kind of microcode or firmware,
             | or something else that is executed in some way, then no, it
             | is not really open source.
             | 
             | Even algorithms can be open source in spirit but closed
             | source in practice. See ECDSA. The NSA has never revealed
             | in any verifiable way how they came up with the specific
             | curves used in the algorithm, so there is room for doubt
             | that they weren't specifically chosen due to some inherent
             | (but hard to find) weakness.
             | 
             | I don't know a ton about AI, but I gather there are lots of
             | areas in the process of producing a model where they can
             | claim everything is "open source" as a marketing gimmick
             | but in reality, there is no explanation for how certain
             | results were achieved. (Trade secrets, in other words.)
        
               | Ukv wrote:
               | > If the magic values are some kind of microcode or
               | firmware, or something else that is executed in some way,
               | then no, it is not really open source.
               | 
               | To my understanding, the contents of a .safetensors file
               | is purely numerical weights - used by the model defined
               | in MIT-licensed code[0] and described in a technical
               | report[1]. The weights are arguably only really
               | "executed" to the same extent kernel weights of a
               | gaussian blur filter would be, though there is a large
               | difference in scale and effect.
               | 
               | [0]: https://github.com/deepseek-
               | ai/DeepSeek-V3/blob/main/inferen...
               | 
               | [1]: https://arxiv.org/html/2412.19437v1
        
             | reedciccio wrote:
             | The Open Source Definition is quite clear on its #2
             | requirement: `The source code must be the preferred form in
             | which a programmer would modify the program. Deliberately
             | obfuscated source code is not allowed.`
             | https://opensource.org/osd
        
               | ChadNauseam wrote:
               | Arguably this would still apply to deepseek. While they
               | didn't release a way of recreating the weights, it is
               | perfectly valid and common to modify the neural network
               | using only what was released (when doing fine-tuning or
               | RLHF for example, previous training data is not
               | required). Doing modifications based on the weights
               | certainly seems like the preferred way of modifying the
               | model to me.
               | 
               | Another note is that this may be the more ethical option.
               | I'm sure the training data contained lots of copyrighted
               | content, and if my content was in there I would prefer
               | that it was released as opaque weights rather than
               | published in a zip file for anyone to read for free.
        
               | jonex wrote:
               | It takes away the ability to know what it does though,
               | which is also often considered an important aspect. By
               | not publishing details on how to train the model, there's
               | no way to know if they have included intentional
               | misbehavior in the training. If they'd provide everything
               | needed to train your own model, you could ensure that
               | it's not by choosing your own data using the same
               | methodology.
               | 
               | IMO it should be considered freeware, and only partially
               | open. It's like releasing an open source program with a
               | part of it delivered as a binary.
        
           | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
           | It's because prominent people with large followings are
           | confusing the terms on purpose. Yann LeCun of Meta and Clem
           | Delangue of Hugging Face constantly use the wrong terms for
           | models that only release weights, and market them to their
           | huge audiences as "open source". This is a willful open
           | washing campaign to benefit from the positivity that label
           | generates.
        
             | seberino wrote:
             | I agree it would be nice to have the training specifics.
             | Nevertheless everything DeepSeek released is under the MIT
             | license right? So you can go set up a cloud LLM, fine tune
             | it, and, do whatever else you wish with it right? That is
             | pretty significant no?
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | It is, but words mean things. If I said I got you a puppy
               | and gave you a million dollars instead, that'd be nice,
               | but what about the puppy?
        
           | ogrisel wrote:
           | It's better to be specific:
           | 
           | - open-source inference code
           | 
           | - open weights (for inference and fine-tuning)
           | 
           | - open pretraining recipe (code + data)
           | 
           | - open fine-tuning recipe (code + data)
           | 
           | Very few entities publish the later two items
           | (https://huggingface.co/blog/smollm and
           | https://allenai.org/olmo come to mind). Arguably, publishing
           | curated large scale pretraining data is very costly but
           | publishing code to automatically curate pretraining data from
           | uncurated sources is already very valuable.
        
             | Palmik wrote:
             | Also open-weights comes in several flavors -- there is
             | "restricted" open-weights like Mistral's research license
             | that prohibits most use cases (most importantly, commercial
             | applications), then there are licenses like Llama's or
             | DeepSeek's with some limitations, and then there are some
             | Apache 2.0 or MIT licensed model weights.
        
               | seberino wrote:
               | Wait timeout. I thought DeepSeek's stuff was all MIT
               | licensed too no? What limitations are you thinking of
               | that DeepSeek still has?
        
               | Palmik wrote:
               | I am referring to this one:
               | https://huggingface.co/deepseek-
               | ai/DeepSeek-V3/blob/main/LIC...
               | 
               | It is a bit more permissive than Llama's it seems (no MAU
               | threshold it seems).
        
               | jcgl wrote:
               | Then those should not be considered "open" in any real
               | sense--when we say "open source," we're talking about the
               | four freedoms (more or less--cf. the negligible
               | difference between OSI and FSF definitions).
               | 
               | So when we apply the same principles to another category,
               | such as weights, we should not call things "open" that
               | don't grant those same freedoms. In the case of this
               | research license, Freedom 0 at least is not maintained.
               | Therefore, the weights aren't open, and to call them
               | "open" would be to indeed dilute the meaning of open qua
               | open source.
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | Has it been established if the weights can even be
               | copyrighted? My impression has been that AI companies
               | want to have their cake and it it too, on one hand they
               | argue that the models are more like a database in a
               | search engine, hence are not violating copyright of the
               | data they have been trained with, but on the other hand
               | they argue they meet the threshold that they are
               | copyrightable in their own right.
               | 
               | So it seems to me that it's at least dubious if those
               | restricted licences can be enforced (that said you likely
               | need deep pockets to defend yourself from a lawsuit)
        
           | cedws wrote:
           | Even with the training material what good is it? The model
           | isn't reproducible, and even if it were you're not going to
           | spend the money to verify the output.
        
             | deegles wrote:
             | I guess something like a kickstarter campaign would be
             | needed to get together the millions of dollars needed per
             | training run
        
             | mistercheph wrote:
             | Frontier models will never be reproducible in the freedom-
             | loving countries that enforce intellectual property law,
             | since they all depend on copyrighted content in their
             | training data.
        
             | barnabee wrote:
             | > The model isn't reproducible
             | 
             | Not necessarily[0], it's a WIP, but:
             | https://github.com/huggingface/open-r1
             | 
             | [0] Surely they won't end up with the exact same weights,
             | but it should be possible to verify something about the
             | model and approach
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | why not? if we could get a version of ChatGPT that wasn't
             | censored and would tell me how to make meth, or an censored
             | version of deepseek that wanted to talk about tank man, you
             | don't think the Internet would come together and make that
             | happen?
        
           | mcbuilder wrote:
           | Surely the architecture released as a HF transformers python
           | file counts as "open source".
           | https://huggingface.co/deepseek-
           | ai/DeepSeek-R1/raw/main/mode...
           | 
           | Yes training is left as an exercise to the user, but it's
           | outlined in the paper, and a good ML engineer should be able
           | to get started with it, cluster of GPUs not included
        
             | cma wrote:
             | There was an article saying they used hand-tuned PMX
             | instead of CUDA so it might be a bit hard to match just
             | from the paper without some good performance experts.
        
               | LiamPowell wrote:
               | CUDA isn't so bad that hand writing PTX will give you a
               | huge performance improvement, but when you're spending a
               | few million dollars on training it makes sense to chase
               | even a single digit percentage improvement, maybe more in
               | a very hot code-path. Also these articles are based on a
               | single mention of PTX in a paper.
        
               | cma wrote:
               | The mention is here:
               | 
               | "3.2.2. Efficient Implementation of Cross-Node All-to-All
               | Communication
               | 
               | In order to ensure sufficient computational performance
               | for DualPipe, we customize efficient cross-node all-to-
               | all communication kernels (including dispatching and
               | combining) to conserve the number of SMs dedicated to
               | communication. The implementation of the kernels is
               | codesigned with the MoE gating algorithm and the network
               | topology of our cluster. To be specific, in our cluster,
               | cross-node GPUs are fully interconnected with IB, and
               | intra-node communications are handled via NVLink. NVLink
               | offers a bandwidth of 160 GB/s, roughly 3.2 times that of
               | IB (50 GB/s). To effectively leverage the different
               | bandwidths of IB and NVLink, we limit each token to be
               | dispatched to at most 4 nodes, thereby reducing IB
               | traffic. For each token, when its routing decision is
               | made, it will first be transmitted via IB to the GPUs
               | with the same in-node index on its target nodes. Once it
               | reaches the target nodes, we will endeavor to ensure that
               | it is instantaneously forwarded via NVLink to specific
               | GPUs that host their target experts, without being
               | blocked by subsequently arriving tokens. In this way,
               | communications via IB and NVLink are fully overlapped,
               | and each token can efficiently select an average of 3.2
               | experts per node without incurring additional overhead
               | from NVLink. This implies that, although DeepSeek-V3 13
               | selects only 8 routed experts in practice, it can scale
               | up this number to a maximum of 13 experts (4 nodes x 3.2
               | experts/node) while preserving the same communication
               | cost. Overall, under such a communication strategy, only
               | 20 SMs are sufficient to fully utilize the bandwidths of
               | IB and NVLink.
               | 
               | In detail, we employ the warp specialization technique
               | (Bauer et al., 2014) and partition 20 SMs into 10
               | communication channels. During the dispatching process,
               | (1) IB sending, (2) IB-to-NVLink forwarding, and (3)
               | NVLink receiving are handled by respective warps. The
               | number of warps allocated to each communication task is
               | dynamically adjusted according to the actual workload
               | across all SMs. Similarly, during the combining process,
               | (1) NVLink sending, (2) NVLink-to-IB forwarding and
               | accumulation, and (3) IB receiving and accumulation are
               | also handled by dynamically adjusted warps. In addition,
               | both dispatching and combining kernels overlap with the
               | computation stream, so we also consider their impact on
               | other SM computation kernels. Specifically, we employ
               | customized PTX (Parallel Thread Execution) instructions
               | and auto-tune the communication chunk size, which
               | significantly reduces the use of the L2 cache and the
               | interference to other SMs."
               | 
               | It's definitely not the full model written in PTX or
               | anything, but still some significant engineering effort
               | to replicate, from people commanding 7-figure salaries in
               | this wave, since the training code isn't open.
        
             | squeaky-clean wrote:
             | To me, this feels the same as saying Sonic Colors Ultimate
             | is open source because it was made with Godot. The engine
             | is open source and making the game is left as an exercise
             | to the user.
        
               | mcbuilder wrote:
               | But you have all the assets of the actual finished game
               | as well as the code used to run it, using your example.
               | You don't get the game dev studio, i.e. datasets,
               | expertise, and compute. Just because someone gives you
               | all the source code and methods they used to make a game,
               | doesn't mean anyone can just go and easily make a sequel,
               | but it helps.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | In other words you don't have the source data.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _amazing to me that "open source" has been so diluted_
           | 
           | It's not and I called it [1].
           | 
           | We had three options: (A) Open weights (favoured by Altman
           | _et al_ ); (B) Open training data (favoured by some FOSS
           | advocates); and (C) Open weights _and model_ , which doesn't
           | provide the training data, but would let you derive the
           | weights if you had it.
           | 
           | OSI settled on (C) [2], but it did so late. FOSS argued for
           | (B), but it's impractical. So the world, for a while, had a
           | choice between impractical (B) and the useful-if-flawed (A).
           | The public, predictably, went with the pragmatic.
           | 
           | This was Betamax vs VHS, except in natural linguistics. There
           | is still hope for (C). But it relies on (A) being rendered
           | impractical. Unfortunately, the path to that flows through
           | institutionalising OpenAI _et al_ 's TOS-based fair use
           | paradigm. Which means while we may get a definition (not
           | exactly (B), but (A) absent use restrictions) we'll also get
           | restrictions on even using Chinese AI.
           | 
           | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41047269
           | 
           | [2] https://opensource.org/ai/open-source-ai-definition
        
             | sho_hn wrote:
             | We absolutely had a choice (D), in that no one was forced
             | to call it "open source" at all, which was arguably done to
             | unfaithfully communicate benefits that don't exist. This is
             | the part that riles people up, and that furthermore is
             | causing collateral damage outside the AI bubble, and is
             | nothing like Betamax vs. VHS.
             | 
             | If you want to prioritize pragmatism, that every discussion
             | of this includes a lengthy "so what open source do you
             | mean, exactly?" subthread proves this was a poor choice. It
             | causes uncertainly that also makes it harder for the folks
             | releasing these models to make their case and be taken
             | seriously for their approach.
             | 
             | We should probably call them "free to run", if the "it's
             | cheap" connotation of "freeware" needs to be avoided. Or
             | maybe "open architecture" to appreciate the Python file
             | that utilizes the weights more.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _We absolutely had a choice (D), in that no one was
               | forced to call it "open source" at all_
               | 
               | Technically yes, practically no.
               | 
               | You're describing a prisoner's dilemma. The term was
               | available, there was (and remains) genuine ambiguity over
               | what it meant in this context, and there are first-mover
               | advantages in branding. (Exhibit A: how we label
               | charges).
               | 
               | > _causing collateral damage outside the AI bubble, and
               | is nothing like Betamax vs. VHS_
               | 
               | Standards wars have collateral damage.
               | 
               | > _We should probably call them "free to run", if the
               | "it's cheap" connotation of "freeware" needs to be
               | avoided. Or maybe "open architecture"_
               | 
               | Language is parsimonious. A neologism will never win when
               | a semantic shift will do.
        
               | sho_hn wrote:
               | > Language is parsimonious. A neologism will never win
               | when a semantic shift will do.
               | 
               | Agreed, but I think it's worth lamenting the danger in
               | that. History is certainly full of transitory calamity
               | and harm when semantic shifts detach labels from reality.
               | 
               | I guess we're in any case in "damage is done" territory.
               | The question is more about where to go next. It does
               | appear that the term "open source" isn't working for what
               | these folks are doing (you could even argue whether the
               | "available" term they chose was a strong one to lean on
               | in the first place), so we'll see what direction the next
               | shift takes.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _we 're in any case in "damage is done" territory. The
               | question is more about where to go next_
               | 
               | Sort of. We can learn from the example. Perfect is the
               | enemy of the good.
        
               | nightski wrote:
               | The source code is absolutely open which is the
               | traditional meaning of open source. You are wanting to
               | expand this to include data sets, which is fine, but that
               | is the divergence.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _source code is absolutely open_
               | 
               | It's ambiguously open.
        
               | lyu07282 wrote:
               | Nonono the code for (pre-)training wasn't released either
               | and is non trivial to replicate. Releasing the weights
               | without the dataset and training code is equivalent of
               | releasing a binary executable and calling it open source.
               | Freeware would be more accurate terminology.
        
               | seberino wrote:
               | I think I see what you mean. I suppose it is kinda like
               | an opaque binary, nevertheless, you can use it freely
               | since all is under the MIT license right?
        
               | lyu07282 wrote:
               | Yes even for commercial purposes which is great, but the
               | point of and reason why "open source" became popular is
               | that you can modify the underlying source code of the
               | binary which you can then recompile with your
               | modifications included (as well as selling/publishing
               | your modifications). You can't do that with deepseek or
               | most other LLMs that claim to be open source. The point
               | isn't that this makes it bad, the point is we shouldn't
               | call it open source because we shouldn't loose focus on
               | the goal of a truly open source (or free software) LLM on
               | the same level than chatgpt/o1.
        
               | nightski wrote:
               | You can modify the weights which is exactly what they do
               | when training initially. You do not even need to do it in
               | exactly the same fashion. You could change things such as
               | the optimizer and it would still work. So in my opinion
               | it is nothing like an opaque binary. It's just data.
        
               | lyu07282 wrote:
               | We have the weights and the code for inference, in the
               | analogy this is an executable binary. We are missing the
               | code and data for training, that's the "source code".
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _that 's the "source code"_
               | 
               | Then it's never distributable and any definition of open
               | source requiring it to be is DOA. It's interesting, as an
               | argument against copyright. But that academic.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | it's not academic. Why can't ChatGPT tell me how to make
               | meth? why doesn't deepseek want to talk about tiananmen
               | square? what other things has the model been molested
               | into how it should be? without the full source, we don't
               | know
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | While I appreciate the argument that the term "open
               | source" is problematic in the context of AI models, I
               | think saying the training data is the "source code" is
               | even worse, because it broadens the definition to be
               | almost meaningless. We never considered data to be source
               | code and realistically for 99.9999% of users the training
               | data is not the preferred way of modifying the model,
               | just because the don't have millions of $ to retrain the
               | full model, they likely don't even have the HDD space to
               | save the training data.
               | 
               | Also I would say arguing that the model weights are just
               | the "binary" is disingenuous, because nobody wants
               | releases that only contain the training data and scripts
               | to train and not the model weights (which would be
               | perfectly fine for open source software if we argue that
               | the weights are just the binaries), because they would be
               | useless to almost everyone, because they don't have the
               | resources to train the model.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | Data is code, code is data.
        
           | Palmik wrote:
           | Except the "binary" is not really opaque, and can be "edited"
           | in exactly the same way it was produced in the first place
           | (continued pre-training / fine-tuning).
        
           | seberino wrote:
           | I'm not an expert but didn't they release the weights under
           | MIT license? So you can make your own LLM with complete
           | control right?
           | 
           | I agree it would nice to know the details of their training,
           | but, simply calling this drop an "opaque binary" is seriously
           | underselling it no?
        
         | mritchie712 wrote:
         | yes, all the training code is still closed and doesn't seem it
         | will ever be released. Here's[0] a comment from a dev that
         | worked at deepseek.
         | 
         | tldr: we're already on to the next model, don't expect anything
         | else to get open sourced.
         | 
         | > I was just told that the amount of people there are too
         | limited, and open-sourcing needs another layer of hard work
         | beyond making the training framework brrr on their own infra.
         | So their priority has been to open-source everything that is
         | MINIMUM + NECESSARY to the community while pushing most efforts
         | on iterating to the next generation of models I think. They
         | have been write everything clearly in technical reports and
         | encourage the community to engage in reproduction , which is
         | the unique insight of the team as well I think.
         | 
         | 0 - https://x.com/wzihanw/status/1884374329334387017
        
         | ComputerGuru wrote:
         | They "open sourced" it enough (via the whitepaper) that
         | huggingface is trying to reproduce their training now.
        
           | dartos wrote:
           | How is it open source at all with no source?
           | 
           | Paxos isn't open source just because you can read the paxos
           | paper.
        
             | og_kalu wrote:
             | They released the weights
        
             | ComputerGuru wrote:
             | As an actual FOSS developer: they didn't open source it.
             | 
             | But I was merely adding the missing context using the
             | (sorry) lingua Franca of AI.
        
             | nexus_six wrote:
             | For people who have the disciplinary background in neural
             | networks and machine learning I imagine that replicating
             | that paper into some type of framework would be straight
             | forward right? Or am I mistaken?
        
               | jampekka wrote:
               | The model itself yes. The changes from previous
               | architectures are often quite small code-wise. Quite
               | often just adding/changing few lines in a torch model.
               | 
               | Things like tweaking all the hyperparameters to make the
               | training process actually work may be more tricky though.
        
             | ru552 wrote:
             | With an LLM, the actual 0s and 1s of the model are fairly
             | standard, common, and freely available to anyone that wants
             | to use them. The "source code" for an LLM, is the process
             | used to create the outcome, and to an extent, the data used
             | to train with. DeepSeek released a highly detailed paper
             | that describes the process used to create the outcome.
             | People/Companies are actively trying to reproduce the work
             | of DeepSeek to confirm the findings.
             | 
             | It's more akin to scientific research where everyone is
             | using the same molecules, but depending on the process you
             | put the molecules through, you get a different outcome.
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | > With an LLM, the actual 0s and 1s of the model are
               | fairly standard, common, and freely available to anyone
               | that wants to use them
               | 
               | How is that different than the 0s and 1s of a program?
               | 
               | Assembly instructions are literally standard. What's
               | more, if said program uses something like Java, the byte
               | code is even _more_ understandable. So much so that there
               | is an ecosystem of Java decompilers.
               | 
               | Binary files are not the "source" in question when
               | talking about "open source"
        
               | fuzzbazz wrote:
               | There is no way to decompile an LLM's weights and obtain
               | a somewhat meaningful, reproducible source, like with a
               | program binary as you say. In fact, if we were to compare
               | both in this way that would make a program binary more
               | "open source".
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | Yes, that is my exact argument.
        
           | jayd16 wrote:
           | Publishing a white paper doesn't qualify as open source in
           | any other context.
           | 
           | Google Spanner has a nice white paper but you wouldn't
           | consider it open source, for example.
        
         | Buttons840 wrote:
         | Weights are kind of _like_ a compiled binary, because they are
         | an incomprehensible blob of bits. But they are also _unlike_ a
         | compiled binary, because they can be fine-tuned.
        
           | dartos wrote:
           | You can decompile binaries.
           | 
           | You can also edit binaries by hand.
        
             | behrlich wrote:
             | Comparing fine tuning to editing binaries by hand is not a
             | fair comparison. If I could show the decompiler some output
             | I liked and it edited the binary for me to make the output
             | match, then the comparison would be closer.
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | With regard to the argument about open source, it's
               | pretty much the same.
               | 
               | Especially with dynamically linked binaries like many
               | games.
        
               | carom wrote:
               | It is a fair comparison. Normal programming takes inputs
               | and a function and produces outputs. Deep learning takes
               | inputs and outputs and derives a functions. Of course the
               | decompilers for traditional programs do not work on
               | inputs and outputs, it is a different paradigm!
        
               | jsight wrote:
               | I feel like a lot of people in this thread have never
               | done continued training on an LLM and it shows.
               | 
               | Seriously, a set of weights that already works really
               | well is basically the ideal basis for a _lot_ of ML
               | tasks.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | > _If I could show the decompiler some output I liked and
               | it edited the binary for me to make the output match,
               | then the comparison would be closer._
               | 
               | That's fundamentally the same thing though - you run an
               | optimization algorithm on a binary blob. I don't see why
               | this couldn't work. Sure, a neural net is designed to be
               | differentiable, while ELF and PE executables aren't, but
               | then backprop isn't the be-all, end-all of optimization
               | algorithms.
               | 
               | Off the top of my head, you could reframe the task as a
               | special kind of genetic programming problem, one that
               | starts with a large program instead of starting from
               | scratch, and that works on an assembly instead of an
               | abstract syntax tree. Hell, you could first decompile the
               | executable and then have the genetic programming solver
               | run on decompiled code.
               | 
               | I'd be really surprised if no one tried that before. Or,
               | if such functionality isn't already available in some RE
               | tools (or as a plugin for one). My own hands-on
               | experience with reverse engineering is limited to a few
               | attempts at adding extra UI and functionality to
               | StarCraft by writing some assembly, turning it into
               | object code, and injecting it straight into the running
               | game process[0] - but that was me doing exactly what you
               | described, just by hand. I imagine doing such things is
               | common practice in RE that someone already automated
               | finding the specific parts of the binary that produce the
               | outputs you want to modify.
               | 
               | --
               | 
               | [0] - I sometimes miss the times before Data Execution
               | Prevention became a thing.
        
           | kragen wrote:
           | I've fine-tuned compiled binaries on occasion. It used to be
           | a common pastime among teenagers; that's where the demoscene
           | came from.
        
           | sksrbWgbfK wrote:
           | Ghidra (https://ghidra-sre.org/) can fine-tune executables
           | way more easily than your models.
        
             | mistercheph wrote:
             | Actually it can't, you can fine tune models with training
             | data, parameters, time and compute, ghidra won't "fine-
             | tune" anything for you.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | How hard can it be to wrap it in a loop and apply some
               | off-the-shelf good old fashioned AI^H^H optimization
               | technique?
        
           | edflsafoiewq wrote:
           | GPL defines "source code" as "the preferred form of the work
           | for making modifications to it", which certainly describes
           | the weights.
        
             | fsflover wrote:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42869403
        
             | dietr1ch wrote:
             | Training being a one-way function that drops knowledge
             | should tell you that the weights are not the form you want
             | to start with.
             | 
             | This is like saying, hey, a regular binary executable is
             | fine because I can edit it with hexl-mode.
        
               | furyofantares wrote:
               | If hexl-mode on the binary works on my home PC but
               | compiling the source code costs me millions of dollars in
               | compute then I want the binary. Someone with millions of
               | dollars to spend on compute may have a differing opinion.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | This argument only barely holds water for those big SOTA
               | models like llama derivatives, and that's only because of
               | practical costs involved.
               | 
               | Or should I say, it _held water_ until few days ago.
               | 
               | Personally though, I never bought it. Saying that weights
               | are the "preferred form of the work for making
               | modifications to it" because a) approximately no one can
               | afford to start with the training data, and b) fine-
               | tuning and training LoRAs are cheap enough, is basically
               | like saying binary blobs are "open source" as long as
               | they provide an API (or ABI) for other programs to use.
               | By this line of reasoning, NVIDIA GPU stack and Broadcom
               | chipset firmware would qualify as open source, too.
        
         | badgersnake wrote:
         | Yeah, it's not opensource. It's just not SaaS. We need to call
         | out these AI companies more on this.
        
           | otterley wrote:
           | We have a term for this: "freeware."
        
             | badgersnake wrote:
             | Sure, call it that then. Cut the open source bollocks.
        
         | culi wrote:
         | No its fully open sourced. Even Janus is.
         | 
         | https://github.com/deepseek-ai
         | 
         | More importantly, they spelled out their methodology in depth
         | in a paper (the code/implementation is trivial in comparison to
         | the methodology)
        
           | Philpax wrote:
           | If it's fully open source, where's the code for training it?
           | The implementation - at least, theirs - is also not trivial
           | as they've mentioned optimising below the CUDA level to get
           | maximum throughout out of their cluster.
           | 
           | I'm very appreciative of what they've done, but it's open
           | weights and methodology, not open source.
        
           | aldanor wrote:
           | That's just inference code.
        
         | tarsinge wrote:
         | Others? Do OpenAI, Google or Anthropic release weights?
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | Weights are actually all you have. The "Open Source" name never
         | applies to LLMs because they don't have a source.
         | 
         | But China did distribute them with sharing-friendly terms, what
         | is completely different from others, like Meta, and makes the
         | name way less misleading this time.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | No. Basically everything. It's not even GPL, it's MIT license.
         | See https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42768547
        
       | pointedAt wrote:
       | wait, this ain't another whitelabel OpenAI ChatGPT-oOPs cosplay?
        
         | drakythe wrote:
         | Between the ability of DS R1 to be run offline in ollama and
         | OpenAI publicly kvetching that DS might have "stolen" their
         | data (hahahahahahahahahahahahahaha) I'm pretty sure this isn't
         | just some GPT Pass-through like other LLM Cons of the past.
         | (not to mention DSv3 was released in November and no one has
         | claimed it is a pass-through either)
        
       | jsemrau wrote:
       | The future of LLMs is shared research and that's the part I
       | really like. It's ok, in my opinion, if not everything is shared,
       | but this is too important to be in one company.
        
       | swyx wrote:
       | meta question: hey Anh! how come you stopped blogging on your
       | github? i thought that was working for you.
        
         | mritchie712 wrote:
         | can't use koala and clearbit on github
         | 
         | ``` <script async="" src="https://cdn.getkoala.com/v1/pk_963cd5
         | 673bdab99d6452d82210e66... ```
        
       | lacoolj wrote:
       | > A Chinese AI API would likely receive skepticism in the West
       | 
       | "Would likely.."? No, it definitely does, and should, for
       | historically good reason. Anyone using this should be doing so
       | with enough grains of salt to fill SLC
       | 
       | https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/01/28/chinese-ai-deepseek...
       | https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jan/28/we-tried-...
        
         | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
         | I assume somebody is hosting it domestically? Although you
         | should really take any API hosted by somebody you don't
         | explicitly trust with a grain of salt.
        
         | skyyler wrote:
         | If asking Deepseek about Chinese war crimes is shocking for
         | you, just wait until you ask ChatGPT about Israeli war crimes.
        
       | rvz wrote:
       | As too easily predicted. [0][1]
       | 
       | Frontier AI model SaaS companies like OpenAI can _never_ win the
       | race to zero against $0 free or open source AI models as they are
       | already at the finish line.
       | 
       | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35177606
       | 
       | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35661548
        
       | danjl wrote:
       | Click bait headline. Nothing was proven about open source as the
       | future. "To gain a foothold in Western markets, DeepSeek had to
       | open-source its models." This is an opinion, not the only
       | solution. DeepSeek could have remained proprietary just as
       | easily. The bias of the author becomes clear at the end when he
       | starts to promote his own open source company. Everyone has an
       | agenda.
        
         | checker659 wrote:
         | Who's going to invest in AI (building foundation models) if
         | some other company can come and dethrone you in a snap?
        
           | goosejuice wrote:
           | I guess we'll find out once someone gets dethroned. As far as
           | I'm aware that hasn't happened.
        
           | karamanolev wrote:
           | OpenAI invested in non-open foundation models and DeepSeek
           | came and (approximately) dethroned them. I don't agree with
           | the conclusion of the article, but the statement "open-
           | sourcing a model lets another company dethrone you" is also
           | not great. I'd stand behind "in the world of AI in 2024/2025,
           | regardless of whether the model is open or not, someone is
           | likely to come and dethrone you in a snap".
        
             | gs17 wrote:
             | > DeepSeek came and (approximately) dethroned them
             | 
             | The parenthetical should really be "(temporarily,
             | approximately)". I wouldn't count OpenAI out until we see
             | how o3 compares, assuming they actually make it available
             | this week.
        
               | karamanolev wrote:
               | Oh, agree. The throne has a new king every day. Sometimes
               | a past king, sometimes a brand new one. The temporary
               | nature of it was implied.
        
           | deadbabe wrote:
           | There is no throne, it's a game of musical chairs.
        
           | moduspol wrote:
           | Maybe "dethrone" isn't the right word, but if a startup on
           | the other side of the world, without the best hardware, can
           | create something comparable and cheaper to build/run just
           | four months after the release of the top company's flagship
           | model: I don't understand the OpenAI business model.
           | 
           | I'm with you. How are they going to make money?
        
         | esnard wrote:
         | To be fair, the article doesn't even contain the word "prove".
        
         | burrish wrote:
         | Yep it's just an ad disguised as an article.
         | 
         | Lot of them on the internet trying to help user with basics
         | windows things, then they suggest their app as a better
         | alternative.
        
           | mbb70 wrote:
           | Eh, it's not disguised as anything, it's content marketing.
           | Lago the API billing solution is not suggesting their product
           | as a better alternative to ChatGPT.
        
           | noname120 wrote:
           | Is the member who posted related in any way to Lago?
        
             | that_guy_iain wrote:
             | I'll almost certainly be Anh-Tho the CEO.
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | I went looking for their team on the About Us page and
               | instead found this:
               | 
               |  _> 10x top of HN
               | 
               | > Billing remains a major issue for companies, resonating
               | widely. We've consistently hit HackerNews' top page over
               | 10x._ [1]
               | 
               | [1] https://www.getlago.com/about-us
        
               | that_guy_iain wrote:
               | To be fair, their ability to target HN is very good. I'm
               | always impressed with their marketing. They put a good
               | title that resonates with HN while the original title is
               | something else for SEO.
        
           | that_guy_iain wrote:
           | While it's clearly content marketing aimed at the hype of
           | DeepSeek, it only mentions Lago in a single sentence.
           | 
           | It's just an article that is aimed to get you to hear about
           | Lago, star their GitHub repository and eventually talk about
           | the "open source" billing tool you heard about called Lago.
           | 
           | (I put Open Source in quotes because I think it's open source
           | version is just Freeware with most features being Call To
           | Action to a paid version. Fair disclosure I have
           | https://github.com/billabear/billabear which is a competitor)
        
           | eclipxe wrote:
           | Most articles are simply ads. Attention economy.
        
             | kingkawn wrote:
             | Most comments are empty generalizations.
        
           | behnamoh wrote:
           | flag it then.
        
         | nycdatasci wrote:
         | They're raising capital.
        
         | jerf wrote:
         | Steelmanning the idea in general, this can be a form of
         | commoditizing your complement: https://gwern.net/complement
         | 
         | Now, commercially, this may not make a lot of sense at the
         | moment because no one is getting filthy rich on high-moat _AI-
         | using applications_ such that commoditizing the AI itself is a
         | good idea commercially. I 'm not sure anyone would even be
         | confident enough to be the farm on the idea of someday being in
         | that position.
         | 
         | However, if you analyze this from the perspective of world
         | politics, where both explicit and implicit strategies are based
         | on what tech companies have what tech and where it is located,
         | it makes a lot of sense that if China is concerned that the US
         | really is ahead in AI tech and that US financial and technical
         | dominance is being driven by this dominance and being used to
         | suck capital out of the countries that are behind, it makes all
         | kinds of sense to commoditize the complements as basically a
         | way of throwing the current game board up in the air and
         | restarting again.
         | 
         | (One may also note that this analysis also says that just
         | straight-up stealing the OpenAI tech and slightly AI-washing it
         | before handing it out to everyone is also a logical move. I
         | don't know enough to have any independent opinion as to whether
         | that's where DeepSeek came from. I'm just saying that given the
         | visible circumstances it is a strong strategic move for China
         | at this point.)
        
           | dleeftink wrote:
           | > from the perspective of world politics
           | 
           | Much of this purported strategy hinges on 'winning' at all
           | cost by undermining the lead.
           | 
           | What is there to be won at the end? Does one party taking the
           | reigns prevent the other from achieving similar capabilities?
           | Is it necessary to win this race?
           | 
           | Or is this a cumulative, distributed effort that benefits all
           | of us?
        
             | jerf wrote:
             | Whether it's true or not, world leader's ears are being
             | filled with the claim that whoever wins the AI race wins
             | everything, because AI will be able to win every other
             | contest. They're being told it is winner-take-all like no
             | contest has been winner-take-all before.
        
               | jcgrillo wrote:
               | And they're all stupid enough to actually believe it? Why
               | would a world leader listen to _anyone_ in tech? They
               | should ask an actual expert.
               | 
               | Edit: to be clear, what I mean is that to a first
               | approximation technologists are charlatans and frauds. If
               | you're looking for accurate information ask a scientist.
        
               | nightski wrote:
               | They did. Yann LeCun and several other prominent
               | researchers testified before congress.
        
               | jcgrillo wrote:
               | I missed this, did they actually tell congress this is
               | some kind of consequential winner takes all race with
               | dire consequences for losing?
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | From a politician's perspective, scientists are like gold
               | prospectors digging holes seemingly at random. $100
               | billion startups are what you get when the prospectors
               | strike gold.
               | 
               | Why would you discuss gold with the wild-haired eccentric
               | at the bottom of a hole, _who has not yet found any gold_
               | , when you could talk to a gold mine owner who has - and
               | who employs 1500 voters, and who like you wears a suit
               | and tie?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _world leader 's ears are being filled with the claim
               | that whoever wins the AI race wins everything, because AI
               | will be able to win every other contest_
               | 
               | This describes a narrow slice of Silicon Valley numpties.
               | 
               | World leaders see an economic opportunity. Both to spend
               | and to produce. No politician will turn down the
               | opportunity to announce half a trillion dollars of
               | spending.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Or is this a cumulative, distributed effort that
             | benefits all of us?_
             | 
             | This. There are a few theories of geopolitics, one of the
             | most successful being ones we be bunch under an umbrella
             | called realism [1]. (The others are idealism [2] and
             | liberalism [3]. _Historia Civilis_ made a great three-part
             | video series on these [4]. Note that _Realpolitik_ [5],
             | which relates to realism as its praxis, is not the same
             | thing.)
             | 
             | One of the consequences of realism is balance of power
             | theory, which "suggests that states may secure their
             | survival by preventing any one state from gaining enough
             | military power to dominate all others" [6].
             | 
             | What is to be won? Not being dominated; ideally: less war,
             | since war is irrational. (See: Ukraine.) Does preventing
             | others from dominating you prevent you from dominating
             | others? No. Is it necessary to win? No. But that means
             | ceding sovereignty and increasing the chances of violent
             | conflict as geopolitical fault lines realign.
             | 
             | A note on liberalism: it works. But it requires great power
             | at its centre. America was that benevolent great power. Now
             | it seems we don't want to be. The power America has to hurt
             | its allies, and the incentives to reap that advantage, is
             | the consistent failure mode of liberal foreign-relation
             | structures, since the days of the Delian League.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(international_
             | relat...
             | 
             | [2] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealism_in_internation
             | al_re...
             | 
             | [3] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_(internation
             | al_re...
             | 
             | [4] https://youtu.be/CH1oYhTigyA
             | 
             | [5] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realpolitik
             | 
             | [6] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_power_(inter
             | natio...
        
             | unraveller wrote:
             | You can't quantify predictable outcomes of business
             | rivalries so well either, but you probably don't want to do
             | away with them for that reason.
        
         | tempeler wrote:
         | I'm not sure it's planned or not. Finally, Chinese are
         | generally proud of 4 great inventions. one of compass, another
         | one of gonpower. Despite this, I still can't understand why
         | they didn't think of starting geographical exploration and
         | colonization. So I don't know what kind of agenda they have.
         | But I do know one thing: except for China and the US, no one
         | cares who the product comes from. If it's cheap or free, they
         | use it, and no one cares. No one apologizes to the US for
         | losing monopolies.
        
           | logicchains wrote:
           | >Despite this, I still can't understand why they didn't think
           | of starting geographical exploration and colonization
           | 
           | They literally had emperors who banned all overseas travel
           | because it represented a threat to their own power:
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haijin . China is the
           | extremely large and extremely centralised, so the rulers'
           | primary focus has always been on maintaining their own power.
           | Fortunately the current government still allows private firms
           | enough freedom that one was able to invent DeepSeek, however
           | if the recent crackdown on financial firms had happened a few
           | years earlier then the firm behind DeepSeek wouldn't have had
           | the money to fund its creation.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _can 't understand why they didn't think of starting
           | geographical exploration and colonization_
           | 
           | They did. Just as a land power. Modern China includes
           | conquered territory of the Mongolians, Turkics and Tibeto-
           | Burmans, among others [1].
           | 
           | (The proximate answer is the Ming-Qing transition [2]
           | overlapped with the Age of Discocery [3].)
           | 
           | > _except for China and the US, no one cares who the product
           | comes from_
           | 
           | This is breathtakingly wrong, as a simple perusal of every
           | single country's trade restrictions would show. (Even if
           | you're talking about the population versus policy, show me a
           | market where no premium is paid for luxury products imported
           | from such and such distant land.)
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Ch
           | ina...
           | 
           | [2]
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_from_Ming_to_Qing
           | 
           | [3] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Discovery
        
           | suraci wrote:
           | > I still can't understand why they didn't think of starting
           | geographical exploration and colonization
           | 
           | maybe it's offtopic, but that's what I'm good at, so I'll
           | anwser this
           | 
           | First, ancient China was a feudal centralized dynasty that
           | centered its interests on land and population, unlike
           | commercial company-based regimes such as Britain and the
           | Netherlands. This meant that, in the eyes of the Chinese
           | imperial government, the East India Company was a threat
           | rather than a cooperative partner.
           | 
           | Another reason is that ancient China was a typical land-based
           | power, surrounded by various forces. It could only maintain
           | its sphere of influence through annexation and the tributary
           | system, without the ability to expand further. (Genghis Khan
           | was the only exception--he carried out invasions but never
           | truly established effective rule.)
           | 
           | However, ancient China did, to some extent, "colonize"
           | certain Southeast Asian islands. But this was not
           | institutionalized colonization; rather, it was a form of
           | population migration. The central government had no control
           | over these Chinese people venturing into the seas, which is
           | why it repeatedly tried to prevent maritime expansion.
           | 
           | btw, in case someone said about xinjiang and tibet, you'll
           | see he don't understand history outside the west, base on
           | what i said, you can see it was annexation but not
           | colonization
        
           | manquer wrote:
           | Why would they want to colonize anyone?
           | 
           | Only european powers had the urge for colonization, no other
           | civilization in Americas, Africa or Asia really ever want to
           | colonize, expand perhaps but not really colonize.
           | 
           | There was no economic need to do so, for most of last three
           | millennium the economic center of the world has been India
           | and China , they didn't feel the need to go anywhere , the
           | land is fertile with large local population and good weather
           | to grow more than one crop with rich cultural heritage and
           | throughput there is no payoff for undertaking risky voyages.
           | 
           | Everyone wanted to trade with them, colonial powers bombed
           | ports forcing trading agreements or sold opium and other
           | narcotics to get a foothold, funded expensive expeditions for
           | new trade routes to India and colonized another continent
           | instead , most of era of industrial revolution have been
           | focusing on them as the market for European products not
           | merely resource extraction.
           | 
           | Similarly given the people resources both regions had, there
           | was no need for slavery that is also a european/Mediterranean
           | thing primairly .
           | 
           | Not saying workers were or are treated well or there was
           | great value for human rights in India or China, just that
           | they need to go and find slaves from far off to do the work.
           | They could find all the resources domestically.
        
             | paulddraper wrote:
             | > no other civilization in Americas, Africa or Asia really
             | ever want to colonize
             | 
             | Barley warrants a response but
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_colonial_empire
        
               | manquer wrote:
               | We are talking ancient history ? Not Japan post Meiji
               | restoration trying to be copy and catch up to world
               | powers after stagnating during the Tokugawa shogunate for
               | centuries.
               | 
               | After the sengoku jidai[1] the failed imjin wars under
               | Toyotomi Hideyoshi was the only serious attempt to expand
               | to China and Korea, they of course failed and Japan faced
               | inward till Meiji period as was typical of most of their
               | history
               | 
               | Post Meiji restoration is hardly a fair comparison the
               | Japanese believed that they have to be like other world
               | (colonial) powers to be powerful.
               | 
               | [1]Unrelated note: one of my favorite periods in history.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _the economic center of the world has been India and
             | China , they didn't feel the need to go anywhere_
             | 
             | You're describing two modern states that encompass
             | geographies that were _constantly_ at internal turmoil.
             | (Including as empires [1].) It 's like asking why the
             | Germans were late to the game in colonising: they're a land
             | power and were in a constant state of internal turmoil.
             | 
             | "They had enough" flies in the face of human history and
             | European colonialism itself.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Hindu_empires_and
             | _dyna...
        
               | manquer wrote:
               | I didn't mean to say They had enough to mean they were
               | satiated , it was supposed to mean they had enough in
               | their own regions to fight , win and enjoy over they
               | didn't need to go overseas to acquire riches .
               | 
               | Neither country or region is a utopia in history or
               | today, simply there was enough land and people and other
               | resources within, so they viewed their region to be the
               | world, there was no economic impetus to colonize or
               | enslave from far off places is my point .
        
             | virissimo wrote:
             | > Only european powers had the urge for colonization, no
             | other civilization in Americas, Africa or Asia really ever
             | want to colonize, expand perhaps but not really colonize.
             | 
             | * Inca Empire: Relocated entire communities (the
             | mitmaqkuna) into new provinces to cement imperial control--
             | these were explicit colonies with an imposed administrative
             | and cultural framework.
             | 
             | * Ancient Egypt: Occupied Nubia, built forts, stationed
             | garrisons, and imposed Egyptian officials and religion on
             | the local population.
             | 
             | * Mongol Empire: Installed governors across conquered
             | regions stretching from Eastern Europe to East Asia, moved
             | artisans and workers to bolster Mongol centers, and
             | demanded tribute--hallmarks of a colonial system.
             | 
             | * Imperial China: Established commanderies in newly
             | acquired territories (e.g., southern China), encouraged Han
             | settlement, and superimposed its bureaucracy over local
             | governance.
        
               | manquer wrote:
               | Colonialism is not that same as imperialism.
               | 
               | Historians do not consider mongol or Inca empire colonial
               | . I would say mongols were probably polar opposite of
               | colonizers they were extremely open and integrated
               | extremely well into every region culture they occupied,
               | there was no classical markers of colonization.
               | 
               | I specifically added Mediterranean later in my parent
               | post to cover Egypt , Phoenician and Arab colonization
               | which are considered as examples of pre modern era
               | colonizing.
               | 
               | The hard separation of North Africa is sadly a modern
               | view of the region that I have to do that explicitly, for
               | most of history empires always had some land on both
               | sides of the Mediterranean. This view is either promoted
               | and exploited by far right in southern europe to justify
               | many policies.
        
             | greenleafone7 wrote:
             | Yes, the Chinese didn't like colonizing. They actually
             | preferred complete extermination. The West has been much
             | too kind in this regard. Also slavery is a European thing?
             | Cute! I think indeed we have been much too kind with
             | foreigners, they somehow managed to thing that the laws,
             | ethics and technology we gave them are just innate things
             | found in nature, when in fact they are just European
             | culture. Just like exploring the entire planet, cataloging
             | its history and animals. We in fact had an extremely small
             | amount of slaves compared to Arabs or Asians and to your
             | lament we ended slavery. Somehow you still found ways to do
             | it to this day though. Additionally the society with the
             | most slaves in history has been Korea. And the time of us
             | accepting millions of immigrants desperate to either live
             | with us or copy us and then tell us how much greater their
             | own societies are, will end soon. You are free to go and
             | live there with your own people.
        
               | manquer wrote:
               | > West has been much too kind in this regard
               | 
               | Genocides in Americas, Australia and elsewhere of first
               | nation people notwithstanding i suppose
               | 
               | > laws, ethics and technology we gave them
               | 
               | Unasked and unwanted "civilizing" by European powers is
               | what got us Congo Free State and dozens of other
               | atrocities all under the name of "civilizing". It is not
               | like rest of the world was living in trees with no laws
               | and morality.
               | 
               | > Most slaves in history has been Korea
               | 
               | This is a controversial view of Korea, there is no
               | consensus if nobi in the class system during Joseon
               | period was serfdom or slavery, that is not easy
               | classification to make, there were rights for them, many
               | earned salary, nobi women in 1400s got 100 days maternity
               | leave by law, a lot more than modern American women do
               | today.
               | 
               | Even if we take it face value, Korea was by no means the
               | leading country by % of population, nobi were largely
               | ethnic Koreans, not foreigners explicitly captured to be
               | slaves and the economy didn't run on continuous capture
               | of foreign slaves
               | 
               | > us accepting millions of immigrants desperate to either
               | live with us or copy us and then tell us how much greater
               | their own societies are, will end soon. You are free to
               | go and live there with your own people.
               | 
               | While there is a discourse to be had socio-economic
               | policies in the west from repatriation of cultural
               | artifacts, to climate change or geopolitics that can
               | stabilize the global south and _reduce immigration_ , at
               | this point I have to stop engaging.
        
           | caycep wrote:
           | zheng he
        
           | corimaith wrote:
           | Have you looked at the map of China in the past? Much of the
           | West and North was only recently conquered in the same time
           | period as Colonialism, and the South prior to that. Xinjiang
           | literally means "New Frontier", and the ongoing tensions can
           | be viewed as the continuation of such colonialism in modern
           | times.
        
         | Onavo wrote:
         | His open source company is copyleft unlike DeepSeek, and the
         | application domain is specifically designed such that no
         | company would use his "open source" product.
        
         | taurknaut wrote:
         | > Click bait headline. Nothing was proven about open source as
         | the future.
         | 
         | Well sure but generally speaking proofs about reality are an
         | oxymoron, so who on earth was taking the headline at face value
         | to begin with? This is a rhetorical technique referred to as
         | "hyperbole".
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _generally speaking proofs about reality are an oxymoron_
           | 
           | Proofs about reality are not self contradicting. Something
           | not being entirely correct doesn't an oxymoron make.
        
             | taurknaut wrote:
             | > Proofs about reality are not self contradicting.
             | 
             | Absolutely they are! Proofs are a deductive concept with no
             | basis in reality. This is basic Hume. All we can work with
             | is inductive and abductive reasoning, neither of which is
             | sufficient for a proof.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Proofs are a deductive concept with no basis in
               | reality. This is basic Hume._
               | 
               | One, it's not. Two, you're trying to use Hume to prove a
               | statement that refutes itself. The claim that your can
               | prove proofs oxymoronic is itself an oxymoron.
               | 
               | Hume's critique of causation, moreover, has been amply
               | supplanted since the 18th century. (Similar to Newton. In
               | parts, it's been buttressed. In others, surpassed.)
               | 
               | > _All we can work with is inductive and abductive
               | reasoning, neither of which is sufficient for a proof_
               | 
               | Mathematically false [1]. (And related to famous
               | _Gedankenexperiments_ , which prompted real science.)
               | 
               | Of course, this whole thread is a farce: you're
               | purposefully confusing mathematial proofs with the
               | colloquial "proof."
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_induction
        
               | taurknaut wrote:
               | > Mathematically false [1].
               | 
               | Ok, this has no bearing on our empirical reality.
        
         | zx10rse wrote:
         | It was proven and it is the future.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Ok, we've changed the title above to be that of the article.
         | 
         | (Submitted title was "DeepSeek proves the future of LLMs is
         | open-source".)
        
       | CooCooCaCha wrote:
       | Yes and no. Intelligence scaling with compute makes sense so I
       | doubt the advantage of closed models on large compute clusters
       | will ever truly go away.
       | 
       | But that doesn't mean smaller models aren't useful.
        
       | bityard wrote:
       | > but trained on inferior hardware for a fraction of the price
       | 
       | Do we know that this is actually true?
        
       | nokun7 wrote:
       | While open-source LLMs offer transparency and community-driven
       | innovation, the future might not be exclusively OSS. Proprietary
       | models have significant advantages, including the ability to
       | secure investment for cutting-edge development, customize for
       | specific business needs, and maintain competitive edges through
       | secrecy. Moreover, companies can directly monetize proprietary
       | models, providing a clear path to profitability, and they can
       | offer enhanced security and privacy controls crucial for
       | sensitive applications. Thus, both open-source and proprietary
       | LLMs are likely to continue playing vital roles in AI's future
       | landscape.
        
         | spaceribs wrote:
         | While I'm sure there are monetary benefits of making your LLM
         | proprietary, I'm not sure there's a benefit to extending
         | someone else's proprietary LLM.
        
       | prjkt wrote:
       | _Source:_
       | 
       | - Training SW [x]
       | 
       | - Inference SW [x]
       | 
       | - Evaluation SW [x]
       | 
       | - Data [x]
       | 
       |  _Output:_
       | 
       | - Weights []
       | 
       | DeepSeek is closed-source with *open-weights*
        
         | culi wrote:
         | DeepSeek V3 and even Janus has all software open sourced and R1
         | should be fully open sourced as well soon. More importantly,
         | they explicitly spelled out their methodology in a published
         | paper for DeepSeek R1. Implementation is not as important imo
         | but we'll get that soon as well
         | 
         | https://github.com/deepseek-ai
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | >Does that mean proprietary AI is done? No.
       | 
       | Perfectly stated.
       | 
       | The AI jump to conclusions mat is so worn down, it's become paper
       | thin. The shock of DeepSeek's costs does not auto-magically force
       | all LLMs to become opensource. Silicon Valley tech has always
       | favored whomever delivers inside the trifecta of cheaper, better,
       | faster triangle. Anyone with an MBA should know this includes
       | open-source LLMs. As of today, DeepSeek is ahead. As soon as
       | OpenAI answers with a new 'fastfood dollar menu' for ChatGPT,
       | with 'even more special' secret-sauce ingredients, we're going to
       | see them back to normal business.
        
       | 9cb14c1ec0 wrote:
       | I am running Deepseek R1 on my AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U integrated
       | GPU. While my experience will R1 doesn't make me think well of
       | it, it is impressive how fast it is on such a weak graphics
       | processor.
        
         | zbendefy wrote:
         | Note: you are probably running a distilled version of R1, which
         | is actually LLama or Qwen further trained on the input/output
         | of R1.
         | 
         | The full R1 is huge (~700GB), altough there are still quantized
         | versions, the smallest one is around 150gb (1.58bit)
        
           | 9cb14c1ec0 wrote:
           | Oh, that's interesting. I didn't know that the ollama version
           | wasn't the whole thing.
        
             | postalrat wrote:
             | ollama deepseek-r1:671b is
        
         | mmoskal wrote:
         | You're most likely running a destilled version. The full model
         | is ~700GB.
        
         | Fergusonb wrote:
         | The default model on ollama is the 7b distillation.
         | 
         | Its ability to solve basic math problems with reasoning is
         | pretty cool, but other models of that size (qwen 2.5, phi4)
         | have been generally more useful to me.
         | 
         | These tiny models still strike me as toys, not a whole bunch of
         | real-world utility.
        
           | unethical_ban wrote:
           | Yeah phi4 has been as good or better for me than r1-qwen 32b
           | for general queries
        
       | mirawelner wrote:
       | I think at the end of the day the reason that the opensourced
       | DeepSeek is because they are programmers. Programmers like to
       | show people the cool stuff they did. I had a boss who was rich
       | enough to retire but was working three jobs because programming
       | is cool and fun and he wants to do cool and fun things and show
       | people the stuff that he did.
       | 
       | Everybody is trying to come up with a money related reason for
       | why they open sourced it but at the end of the day the people who
       | made it are engineers and not buisnesspeople. DeepSeek is really
       | freaking cool, and they wanted to show people the cool thing they
       | did.
        
         | zbendefy wrote:
         | I dont think they rent gpus for $5million because its cool and
         | want to show the world...
        
         | danielbln wrote:
         | This take is especially funny when you realize that Deepseek is
         | part of HiFlyer, a quant fund. Doesn't get more "money" than
         | that.
        
         | aldanor wrote:
         | All the cool stuff they did, if any, is arguably in the
         | training code which is not open source.
        
       | whatever1 wrote:
       | Open sourcing Llama just ensured that openAI will not create a
       | dominant ecosystem that will attract most of the organic web
       | traffic.
       | 
       | METAs bet paid off, but at what cost.
        
         | varsketiz wrote:
         | What is the cost you imply?
        
           | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
           | It got harder to lie to the world about what's possible. Oh
           | dang.
        
       | varsketiz wrote:
       | Sorry for possibly a stupid question, but what is the license for
       | commercial use? If I want to run R1 in my DC, build a product on
       | top and charge people for it. Is it MIT?
        
         | alalv wrote:
         | Yes, it is an MIT license
        
       | herval wrote:
       | DeepSeek's gambit proves that as much as Stable Diffusion proved
       | that the future of Diffusion Models is open-source. In other
       | words, it doesn't prove anything
        
       | hsuduebc2 wrote:
       | Nothing was proven. It's just an empty statement. I would guess
       | that future llms would be largely based on these which are open
       | sourced today but products which would be most usef would be held
       | proptietary. For end user is main argument convenience and ease
       | of use.
       | 
       | Exactly how it happened in operation systems.
        
       | titzer wrote:
       | I, for one, abhor the idea of megacorps running models and AI as
       | a service as they do now. If nothing else, the internet proved to
       | us that an absolute gold mine of technological value can and will
       | be enshittified to the point of unusability when it is cornered
       | by Big Tech. I shudder to think of models trained specifically to
       | convince people to buy things--and I am looking directly at Big
       | Tech's advertising model as one of the worst possible incubators
       | for this technology.
       | 
       | Don't forget to drink your Ovaltine.
        
       | bufferoverflow wrote:
       | And who will pay for all the expensive AI hardware? We're getting
       | into the crazy phase of hundred billion dollar data centers.
       | 
       | Just because R1 was trained cheaply, doesn't mean that this
       | architecture cannot be trained on a very expensive data center to
       | get much better and bigger models.
        
         | visarga wrote:
         | R1 stands out not just because of efficient training, but
         | because it created its own training data. Works similar to
         | AlphaGo - it tries to solve problems, and has a way to check
         | when the result is correct. The trick is to let it run more, to
         | make better training data. I bet those datacenters will work
         | more on problem solving than training.
        
       | kidsil wrote:
       | Linux won in the long run, I don't see why robust LLM models
       | won't do the same.
       | 
       | In the end it'll be the scale of the infrastructure itself that
       | will make the difference.
        
         | maxloh wrote:
         | It is a different landscape IMO.
         | 
         | The model's source code (the training data) is hundreds of GB
         | and much harder to transfer. The compiling (training) process
         | is also very costly. This is very different from the Linux
         | case.
         | 
         | Only big techs have enough resources to make these things
         | happen.
         | 
         | I like looneysquash's viewpoint about the definition of open
         | source AI. You will need to have all parts involved open-
         | sourced to make a model "open", not just the weights:
         | 
         | > The trained model is object code. Think of it as Java byte
         | code. You have some sort of engine that runs the model. That's
         | like the JVM, and the JIT. And you have the program that takes
         | the training data and trains the model. That's your compiler,
         | your javac, your Makefile and your make. And you have the
         | training data itself, that's your source code.
         | 
         | > Each of the above pieces has its own source code. And the
         | training set is also source code. All those pieces have to be
         | open to have a fully open system. If only the training data is
         | open, that's like having the source, but the compiler is
         | proprietary. If everything but the training set is open, well,
         | that's like giving me gcc and calling it Microsoft Word.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41952722
        
           | aldanor wrote:
           | You're off by quite a few orders of magnitude in regards to
           | the size of the training data...
           | 
           | Another point being, who knows if they really have legal
           | rights to use all that data for training.
        
       | DrBenCarson wrote:
       | DEEPSEEK IS NOT OPEN SOURCE, THEY JUST PUBLISHED THE WEIGHTS
        
         | iab wrote:
         | Oh my gosh THANK YOU - a repository of paper images and weights
         | is not open source
        
         | fuddle wrote:
         | To be called open source under the new Open Source AI
         | Definition. They'd need to release the: Data Information, Code
         | and Parameters. https://opensource.org/ai/open-source-ai-
         | definition
        
         | tgtweak wrote:
         | I think they also published the training methodology as well -
         | that others have reproduced, no? The only thing that I'm not
         | sure is their low level nvidia CTX training code was released
         | under the license - but in order for a third party to
         | corroborate the training and testing they would need to have
         | that code (and likely the training data as well) would they
         | not?
        
           | jfarina wrote:
           | They outlined the methodology. They didn't publish their code
           | or the training set.
        
             | cruffle_duffle wrote:
             | How could they publish the terabytes of training data? A
             | million RAR files?
             | 
             | Honestly would that part even be useful? Like I want to
             | know how they did the training so I can repro it with my
             | own set of training data, right?
             | 
             | I mean, isn't that the future? Somebody figures out how to
             | do P2P distributed training and groups can crawl the web
             | training their own open source models?
        
               | tgtweak wrote:
               | I'd torrent it :D
        
         | maxloh wrote:
         | I like looneysquash's viewpoint about the definition of open
         | source AI. You will need to have all parts involved open-
         | sourced to make a model "open", not just the weights:
         | 
         | > The trained model is object code. Think of it as Java byte
         | code. You have some sort of engine that runs the model. That's
         | like the JVM, and the JIT. And you have the program that takes
         | the training data and trains the model. That's your compiler,
         | your javac, your Makefile and your make. And you have the
         | training data itself, that's your source code.
         | 
         | > Each of the above pieces has its own source code. And the
         | training set is also source code. All those pieces have to be
         | open to have a fully open system. If only the training data is
         | open, that's like having the source, but the compiler is
         | proprietary. If everything but the training set is open, well,
         | that's like giving me gcc and calling it Microsoft Word.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41952722
        
           | visarga wrote:
           | > You will need to have all parts involved open-sourced to
           | make a model "open", not just the weights
           | 
           | How do you propose to opensource terabytes of web scrape
           | text? They give you what they can give you - paper, code,
           | model weights. You can reimplement the code, while the
           | weights are open to do what you like with them.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | " _Please don 't use uppercase for emphasis. If you want to
         | emphasize a word or phrase, put asterisks around it and it will
         | get italicized._"
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html.
        
           | otterley wrote:
           | In this case, I think yelling louder is useful. We need to
           | band together to eliminate this false and misleading
           | appellation.
           | 
           | We have had a term to describe this kind of software for
           | decades: "freeware." That's what this and all other "free to
           | download and use" offerings are; they are not open source
           | under any commonly-understood meaning prior to last year.
        
         | thayne wrote:
         | True. But at the same time, it is more open than "Open" AI. Or
         | even LLAMA.
        
       | chrchr wrote:
       | As long as entrenched Google, Meta and the Chinese Communist
       | Party can use Open Source LLMs to kneecap upstart rivals, I
       | agree. Once the upstarts are neutralized, the open LLMs will
       | stop.
        
       | shahzaibmushtaq wrote:
       | It's DeepSeek low-price, low-investment reasoning models that has
       | sent a shockwave around the world.
       | 
       | > Compare $60 per million output tokens for OpenAI o1 to $7 per
       | million output tokens on Together AI for DeepSeek R1.
       | 
       | Open-source isn't a primary rational aspect to prove anything. We
       | can't even prove what's going to happen tomorrow, proving a
       | statement that is linked to the future is utter nonsense.
        
       | SathyaQuikFlip wrote:
       | DeepSeek shows proof that all models can be equally as good as
       | each other, and that the best models will eventually be open-
       | source. I believe it's a good thing for our world.
        
       | niyyou wrote:
       | Again. This. is. not. Open-source. At best, open-weights.
       | Clickbait 100%.
        
       | gnarlouse wrote:
       | Yeah no, it makes way more sense that it's an attack by the
       | chinese government on the US economy.
        
       | hhthrowaway1230 wrote:
       | You cant reproduce this model from the source, because the source
       | isnt given, the result is given. hence not open source
        
         | BoorishBears wrote:
         | I usually ignore people who say this because it _guarantees_
         | they 're not actually doing anything meaningful with these
         | models and just want to squibble over semantics from the
         | sideline...
         | 
         | https://huggingface.co/blog/open-r1
         | 
         | They didn't just toss model weights over a fence, they shared
         | exactly how to do what they did. They made a meaningful
         | contribution that people are replicating with other models
         | readily.
        
       | tgtweak wrote:
       | Wasn't there an internal google email or memo that stated as much
       | as well? That open source was moving faster and more efficiently
       | than the best private teams and that it was accelerating -
       | basically calling this out about 18 months early?
       | 
       | [1] https://www.artisana.ai/articles/leaked-google-memo-
       | claiming...
        
         | serial_dev wrote:
         | There was, but as I understand it, it's really just one dude's
         | opinion.
         | 
         | No team or consensus behind it, so it's not really news in my
         | opinion. In fact, I'd be surprised if nobody in Google would
         | believe in open source AI.
         | 
         | The take of course interesting and as an open source guy, I
         | like it and hope he is right.
        
       | basileafe wrote:
       | Remember when Open AI CTO squirms In response to a question about
       | using data from YouTube? https://digg.com/digg-vids/link/open-ai-
       | ceo
       | 
       | OpenAI's CTO, Mira Murati, found herself in a tight spot when
       | questioned about using YouTube data to train Sora. Her uncertain
       | response has sparked controversy and raised concerns about their
       | ethics in collecting and training data. This incident has fueled
       | a growing debate about AI companies' data practices.
       | 
       | Then YouTube's CEO, Neal Mohan said, if OpenAI used YouTube
       | content without permission, it would violate their terms of
       | service. Shall Neal freakout like how they are now!! Clearly they
       | are scared, they know people are canceling their subscriptions
       | with them to and use free and better technologies. I know of 100
       | of people canceled their gpt subscription. Many developers are
       | replacing the expensive gpt models for free deepseek.
       | 
       | Here is the AI current story:
       | 
       | Imagine two AI trains chugging along the tracks of innovation.
       | The first, driven by OpenAI, was the early leader, after they
       | using Google transformers (and without they wouldn't exist). They
       | charged a hefty fare for anyone to hop aboard. We don't know how
       | they trained their data. And big companies felt they had to buy
       | tickets or risk being left behind. OpenAI thought they were the
       | only engine in town. But then, another train pulled up alongside
       | them. This new locomotive, powered by smart folks at DeepSeek,
       | matched OpenAI's speed and fancy gadgets, if not better. The
       | kicker? Everyone could ride for free!
       | 
       | Now, OpenAI's train is losing steam. People are jumping ship,
       | with hundreds canceling their pricey GPT subscriptions.
       | Meanwhile, the free train is picking up speed, aiming to make AI
       | available to all.
       | 
       | In this tale of two trains, OpenAI might need to change their
       | name to "ClosedAI" if they keep putting up barriers, being
       | closed. The free and open train? That's the one chugging towards
       | a brighter, better, free AI future for everyone.
       | 
       | deepseek = Open AI
        
         | delgaudm wrote:
         | OT, but whoa... Digg. There is a name from the past.
        
           | exe34 wrote:
           | Now that's a name I have not heard in a long time...
        
           | wholinator2 wrote:
           | Right? That's so strange. I went for a look around and saw
           | "articles" with apparently tens of thousands of "reads" but 0
           | comments. I don't know if they're locked behind a login or
           | what but it feels like something is off there
        
         | alecco wrote:
         | Deepseek is remarkable, but they explicitly say they built on
         | top of Meta's Llama and Alibaba's Qwen. They scored the goal
         | but there were other players involved to get there.
        
           | rtkwe wrote:
           | That's true of practically everything though. Completely out
           | of the blue technical inventions are pretty rare.
        
           | boroboro4 wrote:
           | I feel like you confuse this with their distill models (i.e.
           | 1.5/7/8/32/70B) being build on top of Llama & Qwen models.
           | But those aren't really remarkable models.
           | 
           | Truly remarkable model is DeepSeek-R1, and it's their model,
           | with very particular DeepSeek architecture. Of course they
           | build on the knowledge of other labs, just like other labs
           | build on the top of their/others knowledge. They are miles
           | ahead of Meta in terms of the base architecture at the
           | moment, and you can watch them iterating throughout last year
           | to come to where they are now.
        
         | joshl32532 wrote:
         | > I know of 100 of people canceled their gpt subscription.
         | 
         | Did you make a poll or something?
        
         | maybelsyrup wrote:
         | > In this tale of two trains, OpenAI might need to change their
         | name to "ClosedAI" if they keep putting up barriers, being
         | closed. The free and open train? That's the one chugging
         | towards a brighter, better, free AI future for everyone.
         | 
         | This answer itself is an AI product, right? Like you're making
         | a meta-point about something
        
       | kodzoman wrote:
       | Lago doesn't seems to be really open source since it doesn't even
       | support basic features like credit notes in the free version.
        
       | liminal wrote:
       | I'd love to see the training data open sourced for all models so
       | we can be sure no copyright material has been used. Just kidding,
       | we all know it's stolen.
        
         | visarga wrote:
         | > Just kidding, we all know it's stolen.
         | 
         | This thief has small pockets, about 500x smaller than the
         | "stolen" material. Where to stash all that?
        
           | forty wrote:
           | They kept the jewelry and throwed the rest?
        
       | soheil wrote:
       | Why are people so willing to believe false proofs/headlines?
       | Clickbait has existed for decades yet I still believe people are
       | as gullible as the first day. Articles like this and from sites
       | like phys.org are great examples of the case in point they
       | regularly get hundreds of upvotes based on completely ridiculous
       | and false promises.
       | 
       | Always been fascinating to me how often rhetoric wins over
       | substance on hn.
        
       | mmaunder wrote:
       | The argument re OpenAI continuing to lead falls flat when you
       | consider the talent they've lost. It's a different company
       | compared to the one that built and launched GPT-4.
        
       | fuddle wrote:
       | This looks like another LLM generated article.
        
       | BoorishBears wrote:
       | a) As soon as I saw the domain I knew this was an ad (Lago has
       | nothing to add to this conversation)
       | 
       | b) DeepSeek is the most dangerous thing that's happened to Open
       | Source models in recent memory, through no fault of their own.
       | 
       | The hysteria has outrun the reality and now there's a going to be
       | a similarly disproportionate backlash.
       | 
       | It's already happening: Anthropic's CEO simultaneously railing
       | against what they achieved and using it to justify stronger
       | export restrictions, this morning.
       | 
       | And our current government doesn't want to be going on stage
       | talking about $50B mega projects only for laypeople to
       | (mistakenly) believe it only takes a few million to do the same.
       | 
       | And the idea that a _Chinese_ company is the one that did this is
       | going to play into so many hands, so perfectly. You can see the
       | censorship story start taking the narrative despite this not
       | being the first or last Chinese hosted model to comply with
       | Chinese law.
       | 
       | Soon the national security angle will break out, especially if
       | someone jailbreaks or abliterates it and gets "harmful outputs"
       | that other models would also happily produce.
       | 
       | Some will couch the (very temporary and irrational) dip the
       | market faced as a Chinese company managing to harm our markets by
       | providing an unfairly priced product or some nonsense.
       | 
       | Open source AI is not guaranteed. We might still see
       | protectionist bans against releasing models over a certain size
       | and other irrational nonsense, and this has played into the kind
       | of hysteria that allows that to happen.
        
       | aprilfoo wrote:
       | The current AI mega-buzz, fueled by fascinating technologies,
       | finance and even geopolitics makes it difficult to have a serious
       | analyze beyond opinions and reactions. But the shock waves of
       | that announcement by a small tech company are quite interesting.
       | 
       | > In fact, making it easier and cheaper to build LLMs would erode
       | their [OpenAI, Meta, Google etc] advantages!
       | 
       | The narrative until now was: AI requires enormous and cutting
       | edge resources (money, energy), so only for the big boys and
       | people who can talk multi-billions investments, so open source
       | was not an option.
       | 
       | Some signs already appeared recently (plateau, bubble?), and
       | Deepseek seems to show that this model is questionable.
        
       | alecco wrote:
       | This is quite bad blogspam appealing to the open source crowd.
       | They didn't even bother to read a bit.
       | 
       | Deepseek is open source because the founders are part of the new
       | generation of Chinese graduates who relate more to the global
       | youth than Boomer Chinese CEOs completely out of touch. And right
       | on time because CCP is fed up with them, too.
       | 
       | Last week Deepseek founder Liang Wenfeng was speaking practically
       | face to face with Chinese Premier Li Qiang at a symposium:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMyc3vhpLyI. And they seem to be
       | quite aligned.
       | 
       | Why didn't this blogspam of an article pick up on any of that?
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42852266
        
       | serverlessmania wrote:
       | It's not open source, we have no idea about the data used to
       | train the model, and the paper doesn't explain it all.
        
         | pedalpete wrote:
         | Is this an important consideration in open sourcing an AI
         | model?
         | 
         | I would think the code to build your own is open sourced, and
         | you can feed it any data you'd like. That's the open source
         | part, not the part where they are running the model.
         | 
         | Have I misunderstood this?
        
           | kelipso wrote:
           | It's a common complaint on open sourced ML models that they
           | don't provide or describe the data used to train the model.
           | Sometimes it's a valid complaint, since it may not be clear
           | what kind of data was used to train the model, and sometimes
           | it's not since it's clear.
           | 
           | I think it's kind of an overdone complaint and I usually
           | ignore it, and besides it looks like there's a huggingface
           | project ongoing where they're trying to replicate the
           | training process for this model anyway.
        
       | garspin wrote:
       | An alternative explaination...
       | 
       | Deepseek is a side project for a hedge fund.
       | 
       | Shorting NVIDIA & releasing everything including the source would
       | have a high probability of being hugely profitable, with almost
       | zero downside if it went unnoticed.
        
       | tim333 wrote:
       | The article says it had to be open source because otherwise
       | people would trust the Chinese but ByteDance, Tencent, Baidu, and
       | Alibaba also do LLMs and are not open source.
       | 
       | It's funny reading an article interviewing the ceo:
       | 
       | >Until now, among the seven major Chinese large-model startups,
       | it's the only one... that hasn't fully considered
       | commercialization, firmly choosing the open-source route without
       | even raising capital.
       | 
       | >While these choices often leave it in obscurity, DeepSeek
       | frequently gains organic user promotion within the community.
       | 
       | The obscurity thing hasn't lasted! (article nov 2024
       | https://www.chinatalk.media/p/deepseek-ceo-interview-with-ch...)
       | 
       | The ceo's actual argument for open source is quite interesting,
       | basically that it helps attract the best people and the value is
       | in the team. It's kind of what used to work for OpenAI before it
       | became the ClosedAI division of Microsoft.
        
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