[HN Gopher] Bacteria (and their metabolites) and depression
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Bacteria (and their metabolites) and depression
        
       Author : Luc
       Score  : 362 points
       Date   : 2025-01-29 09:54 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.science.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.science.org)
        
       | _tariky wrote:
       | https://archive.is/QA7qZ
        
       | daoboy wrote:
       | So is there a straightforward solution to keeping this out of our
       | system and we just...don't?
       | 
       | "Where is this diethanolamine coming from? Well, it's not known
       | to be a natural part of either human or bacterial biochemistry.
       | Instead, it is an industrial contaminant, sadly, whose ability to
       | be incorporated (at low levels) into animal and human lipids
       | through the apparently-not-so-picky enzyme cardiolipin synthase
       | has been confirmed for decades now."
        
         | bregma wrote:
         | Well, most shampoos have a warning label about external use
         | only so there is at least some effort to keep it out of a
         | person's system.
        
           | krageon wrote:
           | It's absorbed through the skin, so that doesn't actually
           | solve the issue of having it in your body.
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | The dose makes the poison. And the phrase "absorbed through
             | the skin" admits a very wide range of absorption rates.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | Interestingly there are some materials the absorb through
               | the skin _far_ faster than you 'd expect. ie. they soak
               | in just like a tissue soaks up water.
        
               | sethammons wrote:
               | hydrofluoric acid. Get some on your skin, and you don't
               | even feel a burn. But within minutes or hours, you may
               | have demineralized your bones, causing them to go beyond
               | brittle
        
               | gilleain wrote:
               | Dimethylmercury, for example.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethylmercury
        
               | bell-cot wrote:
               | True...but Hg(CH3)2 is so much of a "MSDS from the 11th
               | circle of hell" corner case that only expendables in
               | heavily armored moon suits should ever go near the stuff.
        
               | MaKey wrote:
               | Yet a German synthesized it in his basement and used it
               | to poison a colleague:
               | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/07/german-who-
               | poi...
               | 
               | A crime as heinous as the substance that was used. It's a
               | miracle that he didn't kill himself or one of his family
               | members with it.
        
               | FollowingTheDao wrote:
               | The paper seems to conclude that we do not know the safe
               | dose. And we are not talking death, but suffering.
               | 
               | So taken together, there would seem to be good reason to
               | continue to continue to unravel the long-hypothesized
               | inflammation/depression connection, and particularly in
               | regards to possible exacerbating factors such as higher
               | levels of M. morganii infection or even higher
               | environmental exposure to diethanolamine. We seem to have
               | a lot to learn here!
        
             | sethammons wrote:
             | the people down voting the idea of skin absorption as a
             | meaningful vector for getting things into your body remind
             | me of the people a hundred years ago who thought animals
             | cannot feel anything.
             | 
             | I'm wondering if the plastics in modern clothing are
             | similarly exposing our systems to microplastics -- maybe
             | not as bad as cooking in plastic, but a constant light
             | abrasion all day, every day, for your whole life.
             | 
             | Our biologies didn't evolve with these synthetics. Not a
             | big stretch to think our biologies won't handle them well.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | Differently from simple chemical substances,
               | microplastics absorption through the skin is kind of an
               | extraordinary claim.
               | 
               | Until we get any evidence of it, I'd say the answer is
               | no, it doesn't.
        
               | jajko wrote:
               | I'd say more nano-plastics. And pathway is more oral
               | ingestion or breathing them in when they get loose from
               | clothing. For sure, form time to time we breathe in one
               | of those super thin 'hair'.
               | 
               | Home dust is visibly composed out of those too and it
               | takes just a bit of sunlight to see them dance mid air in
               | non-small numbers. It would be impossible to _not_
               | breathe them in, or swallow some on food.
        
               | weberer wrote:
               | >I'm wondering if the plastics in modern clothing are
               | similarly exposing our systems to microplastics
               | 
               | I bet we inhale a lot of it via lint.
        
               | zorrolovsky wrote:
               | https://ceh.org/latest/news-coverage/do-your-workout-
               | clothes...
               | 
               | Looks like plastics can enter the body through sweat
               | glands. I threw away all my polyester workout clothing
               | (which I loved to use) because of this concern.
               | 
               | Call me paranoid but I'm going 100% cotton and linen. Not
               | keen on getting my hormones disrupted by inhaling and
               | absorbing microplastics!
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | Polypropylene seems to be a fairly biologically safe
               | plastic. It makes a great base layer. And we serve hot
               | foods in it.
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | Welcome to my hell of understanding. All these molecules were
         | "deemed as safe" not because me knew everything about them but
         | because we did not care.
         | 
         | This surfactant, diethanolamine, may also prevent the healthy
         | function of lipids in the mitochondrial membrane, namely Omega
         | 3. When you mess with the mitochondrial membrane you start to
         | have issues with oxidative stress and a whole range of
         | metabolic disorders.
         | 
         | For example: Cardiolipin synthase deficiency is a condition
         | that results in abnormal mitochondrial function and morphology.
         | It can be caused by mutations in the cardiolipin synthase (CLS)
         | gene. Symptoms impaired viability, decreased mitochondrial
         | membrane potential, and defective oxidative phosphorylation.
         | 
         | What you can do: Drink reverse osmosis or deionized water and
         | eat as whole and fresh food as you can. Wash your dishes by
         | hand and rinse them very very well using the most natural
         | detergent you have.
         | 
         | Here is a way to find some DEA free products:
         | 
         | https://www.skinsafeproducts.com/search/products?products_by...
        
           | dgacmu wrote:
           | To nitpick slightly, DEA is not a lipid, it's an organic
           | amine. It can be inadvertently incorporated into a lipid
           | instead of a glycerol, creating a ... weird lipid.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Isn't there also something about cancer cells being more
           | likely due to metabolic defects in the cells?
        
       | jstanley wrote:
       | > it was one of the strongest causal signals in the team's GWAS
       | analysis (2,801 microbial taxa and 7,967,866 human genetic
       | variants from 5,959 individuals), and it was the only one that
       | validated (M. morganii levels versus major depression) when they
       | went back and checked multi-year health records taken after the
       | original microbiota samples.
       | 
       | I don't know what any of this means, but it sounds very much like
       | https://xkcd.com/882/
        
         | adrianN wrote:
         | They are aware of this which is why they add that those strange
         | lipids have independently been associated with depression.
        
           | genewitch wrote:
           | I put a tally mark under "more bacteria than human"
           | 
           | It used to be called the gut feeling column, but once the
           | Alzheimer's links were confirmed more strongly i felt it
           | needed to be addressed with more gravitas.
           | 
           | I will read the papers tomorrow but this should be easy to
           | test, I think? Immediately cease use of any product that
           | contains dea or analogs.
           | 
           | And since it's lipidinous, maintain weight? Ia this
           | heretical?
        
         | i_love_limes wrote:
         | So, it is like that, but it's also not. A couple decades ago,
         | with the advent of GWASes, because of all the multiple testing
         | that was going on, there was an agreed new p-value threshold p
         | < 5e-8. This was to account for multiple testing going on (how
         | that number came to be requires more explanation of LD + other
         | things).
         | 
         | That is the minimum threshold. This study found that peak was
         | at p < 1e-37 or so. But that is where the biological analysis
         | begins. Unlike social scientists, we don't stop with the
         | statistical correlation, we then go on to look at what we know
         | about that gene, the type of mutation, if it's a loss or gain
         | of function, what role that gene has in various tissues, etc.
         | And mendelian randomization is another way to unpick the causal
         | direction of effect.
         | 
         | Not to say this is _the truth_ or causal, but it 's a lot
         | closer to causal than what you are implying.
        
           | cluckindan wrote:
           | In other words, there is a likelihood of
           | 1/10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 that the
           | statistical result was due to random chance.
           | 
           | In more casual sciences p < 0.05 is considered the limit of
           | significance, i.e. less than 1/20 likelihood of statistical
           | testing favoring the tested hypothesis over the null
           | hypothesis due to random chance
        
             | drawkward wrote:
             | If you are testing a single hypothesis, sure. But nowadays,
             | statistics training really weighs on bonferroni correction,
             | or other methods to deal with the issue raised by the
             | above-referenced XKCD, whentesting multiple hypotheses.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | > This study found that peak was at p < 1e-37 or so.
           | 
           | If true, this would be cause for someone to read through the
           | study to check there are no maths errors, and if it holds up
           | then to take action immediately.
           | 
           | This isn't a "wait for more science to come in and confirm"
           | type thing.
        
           | formerly_proven wrote:
           | > This study found that peak was at p < 1e-37
           | 
           | This is many orders of magnitudes better confidence than any
           | physics experiment, it feels unlikely a biological result can
           | even be this strong, so it makes it sound like a statistical
           | error.
        
             | jakobnissen wrote:
             | Bioinformatician here. These kinds of p-values are common
             | in these kinds of experiments (GWAS, or association
             | studies), and happens almost automatically once you get
             | enough statistical power. The big problem is that once you
             | have so much statistical power, you get very small p-values
             | from small effects, and then the often-overlooked
             | assumptions behind frequentist statistics begins to matter.
             | Are your samples _really_ idenpendent and identically
             | distributed values? No. Are they really normal distributed?
             | No.
             | 
             | Also, things like gut microbiome and depression are linked
             | through what some people call the _crud factor_, which are
             | weak correlations between nearly all social aspects. For
             | example, probably depressed people eat differently from
             | non-depressed people, causing changes in their gut
             | microbiome. Probably, there are variations in human
             | population's depression rates and obesity rates (correlated
             | with gut microbiome) that somewhat correlate. When you have
             | enough statistical power, you see the crud factor
             | everywhere.
        
             | i_love_limes wrote:
             | Well no. It's not uncommon for p-values to be even lower
             | than that. We are talking about a specific SNP (allele)
             | having a specific mutation being predictive of a phenotype
             | / outcome.
             | 
             | So, a specific SNP mutation being predictive of a gene
             | expression / protein is basically a p-value of 0.
             | 
             | Can't speak for physics experiments, but this is almost
             | certainly not a statistical error
        
       | davedx wrote:
       | Diethanolamine:
       | 
       | General description. Diethanolamine (DEA) is an amino alcohol
       | commonly used in the preparation of soaps and surfactants,
       | agricultural chemicals and in textile processing. It is used as
       | an absorbent for capturing CO2. Its toxic and carcinogenic effect
       | has been studied.
       | 
       | Diethanolamine is widely used in the preparation of
       | diethanolamides and diethanolamine salts of long-chain fatty
       | acids that are formulated into soaps and surfactants used in
       | liquid laundry and dishwashing detergents, cosmetics, shampoos
       | and hair conditioners.
        
         | tomw1808 wrote:
         | I came here wondering if I am the only one not knowing what
         | Diethalothingythings are. Thanks.
        
         | 0xEF wrote:
         | I think it's important to clarify that DEA is used in
         | _industrialized_ processes for soap and detergents. As a person
         | who makes their own at home, I can tell you that no home recipe
         | I've ever seen has introduced DEA into the process unless I'm
         | missing something. I can't speak for shampoo, since I've never
         | tried to make it (I purchase shampoo bars from another home
         | soap-maker).
         | 
         | Please feel free to correct me, since I'd love to be sure.
         | 
         | I worry about this a lot. I also make my own bread for the same
         | reasons; I find that industrialization of consumables is
         | introducing a ton of contaminants into our bodies, the effects
         | of which we are not fully cognizant of. Where possible, I avoid
         | participating in that game because of how I view the trade-off;
         | it does not make sense to me to save time by buying the
         | products instead of making them at the risk of shortening my
         | lifespan.
         | 
         | Again, I'm open to different thinking on this. In recent years,
         | I have just felt a powerful draw to get back to basics and
         | understand what I am consuming in a responsible way.
        
           | tomw1808 wrote:
           | Do you know if the regulations regarding contaminants in both
           | soaps, as well as consumables, is more stringent in the EU
           | (beyond the "Fanta-to-Fanta" comparison)? In other words,
           | would you feel more comfortable eat something basic like
           | bread and other consumables from supermarkets in the European
           | Union vs the US, or not? Can you eventually share a few
           | thoughts on this?
        
             | 0xEF wrote:
             | I am not well versed in EU regulations regarding foods,
             | aside from a recent experience in Iceland which boils down
             | to the Fanta example. That and the fast food chains that we
             | view as ubiquitous in the US were either sparse or did not
             | exist in Iceland. We did not go in the one we saw, so I do
             | not know if the menu was different or not, like one might
             | experience in Japan.
             | 
             | Any thoughts I could share are my own concerns and opinions
             | based on my experience and observations of the food and
             | health industries in the US. It might be best if someone
             | more expert on comparing the regulations between the two
             | regions chimed in.
             | 
             | I mentioned the bread example because that's what started
             | it for me during the Covid Pandemic isolation. I got bored
             | and decided to learn to make bread, but did not have much
             | to work with, so I found really simple recipes. Bread, as
             | it turns out, only needs water, flour, salt and yeast to
             | come out tasting absolutely delicious to the point where a
             | loaf does not last long enough in my house to go stale.
             | When I compared that to industrialized bread (both off the
             | shelf and from the ersatz "bakeries" found in some of our
             | large grocery chains), I was curious then horrified to see
             | the amount of ingredients in those products that offered no
             | discernible nutritional value and existed only to make the
             | product more shelf-stable or more addictively appetizing. I
             | say this as a person who grew up eating Wonder Bread, which
             | I absolutely no longer consider to be "bread," but more of
             | a sponge-cake.
             | 
             | From there, my wife and I started really looking at the
             | products we were consuming and realized that we did not
             | really know what was in 90% of them. We were just trusting
             | the manufacturers and regulations to keep us safe, because
             | that's what we're supposed to do as good consumers, right?
             | It was alarming, to say the least, and even more alarming
             | is the fact that this is not a new fight in the US, dating
             | all the way back the late 19th/early 20th century. When the
             | driving force behind regulation is profit margins, the
             | rules for evaluating risk to the population start to move
             | around in uncomfortable ways, but because of marketing and
             | branding, we're taught at pretty early ages to trust these
             | companies, sometimes even wearing their symbols as a badge
             | of identity.
             | 
             | I'm never going to be one to say "Food company X is trying
             | to kill us!" because that does not make good business
             | sense. I've said it before on HN, but I'm not convinced
             | that a lot of this regulatory slack and the declining
             | qualities of our food is meant to intentionally harm us,
             | but more born from the short-sighted thinking that allows
             | executives to say something like "well, nobody has died
             | from chemical X in product 1, yet, and chemical X can
             | displace some of the more expensive chemical Z, so, maybe
             | we can increase the amount a bit to bolster our profit
             | margins?" Then they do it, quietly, and nobody dies, so
             | they do it again...and a again. Longitudinal studies are
             | cast aside in favor of only focusing on immediate results.
             | 
             | And so, we have things like canned pulverized Parmesan
             | cheese that contains sawdust as a filler, which might
             | arguably be harmless, but being robbed of product for the
             | same price as the old version should also spark our inner
             | consumer to go "hey, wait a minute..." even if we ignore
             | the possible long term heath effects on the population as a
             | whole. Our term for this now is shrink-flation, but it's
             | definitely a very old tactic. This became another driving
             | force behind my wife and my decision to try and set aside
             | time each week to make certain products. We know what we
             | are getting for our money, we know what to expect, and we
             | know what is going into each one. Do we still buy other
             | soaps or get the occasional shelf-stable pie? Yes, of
             | course. But is our consumption of these items has plummeted
             | to a last resort of convenience or just a rare treat.
             | 
             | Sorry, this turned into a blog post and I'm still skipping
             | a lot of the nuances in my thoughts on this matter so
             | pardon any disjointed structure in my narrative.
             | 
             | In the end, the lesson I learned can be summed up as _pay
             | attention_. Read the labels, do the homework, and decide as
             | best you can with the information you have at the time. We
             | vote with our dollars, so spend them wisely.
        
               | p_ing wrote:
               | Got a bread recipe you particularly enjoy that you'd like
               | to share?
        
               | amluto wrote:
               | If you haven't baked bread before and want a great
               | starting recipe, try Jim Laney's no-knead bread.
               | 
               | Some tips:
               | 
               | 1. You can halve the amount of salt. (1 bakers' percent
               | of salt is plenty. I don't know why most recipes call for
               | 2%.)
               | 
               | 2. Active dry yeast is obsolete, but that doesn't stop it
               | from being prominently sold in grocery stores. Get
               | instant yeast instead. SAF Red or SAF Gold are excellent
               | choices. Instant yeast will work in a recipe written for
               | active dry yeast, but active dry yeast may not work in a
               | recipe written for instant yeast.
               | 
               | 3. Get a scale and use it.
               | 
               | 4. You don't actually need King Arthur Bread Flour, but
               | you should use a high quality bread flour. I experimented
               | once (quite a while ago), and IIRC Gold Medal worked well
               | and Pillsbury was okay. King Arthur does make a
               | consistent product, which is nice.
        
               | 0xEF wrote:
               | Pretty much any of Ken Forkish's recipes. Linked below is
               | one that I find really accessible and a great intro for
               | folks new to bread baking who want to get a bit more into
               | the finesse side of the experience. The way the dough is
               | handled is important, I've found, since it's very easy to
               | overwork it. Ken does a good job of describing the
               | process.
               | 
               | If you were to buy only one bread book, I would highly
               | recommend _Flour, Water, Salt, Yeast_.
               | 
               | [1]https://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/saturday
               | -white...
        
               | dboreham wrote:
               | Iceland is also interesting because they don't have over
               | the counter drugs (iirc not even acetaminophen). But
               | anyone can walk into a clinic, tell them what's wrong and
               | if they think it appropriate they'll give you whatever
               | drug they think you need.
        
               | tomw1808 wrote:
               | I thank you for the blog-post length reply and I am sorry
               | I triggered that with my simple question in disguise. I
               | knew it was hard to answer.
               | 
               | It is funny that you specifically mentioned the bread. I
               | go a fair bit between Austria, Spain, Greece, the UK and
               | all around Asia.
               | 
               | We have a lot of really dark and heavy bread in Austria.
               | Austrian bread frequently incorporates a variety of whole
               | grains, including rye, spelt and whole wheat. Darker,
               | denser loaves like Roggenbrot (rye bread) and Dinkelbrot
               | (spelt bread) are the norm here. Austrian bread is
               | typically made with just flour, water, salt, and natural
               | leavening (sourdough or yeast).
               | 
               | I didn't ask you the question to gleam with that, am I'm
               | apologizing in advance if its coming through like this.
               | My point is the additives. And it might get back to that
               | Fanta-to-Fanta comparison, but with so many other
               | products, many American store-bought breads contain added
               | sugar or high-fructose corn syrup, whereas Austrian
               | breads rarely do.
               | 
               | I also think that a lot of additives or chemicals are
               | simply banned in the EU leading to a lower shelf life of
               | products, but generally more natural products. Like
               | Potassium Bromate, ADA, BHA & BHT etc which are banned in
               | the EU. Together with the corn syrup found seldom in
               | eupean products, or Austrian.
               | 
               | Spain and Greece have less of the black and dark breads,
               | but that movement is slowly coming. Spain has a lot of
               | really really really great food, and very high quality.
               | 
               | Asia is a different story. There are some artisanal
               | bakeries popping up in places like Hongkong, Singapore,
               | Thailands larger cities, Malaysia etc. But in general,
               | stores have these softy loafs of what we call toast
               | bread. But then, they don't eat a lot of bread :)
               | 
               | Not sure where I'm going with this, if at all anywhere,
               | next time you come to europe, try some of our bread.
        
               | 0xEF wrote:
               | My friend, I have considered going to Europe
               | _specifically_ for the bread! And bakeries in general, of
               | course :)
               | 
               | Stay healthy!
        
           | FollowingTheDao wrote:
           | Yes, you are incorrect. DEA is in many products, and here is
           | a website that show which products do not contain them.
           | Diethanolamine used in some dishwashing soaps as a foaming
           | agent and emulsifier.
           | 
           | https://www.skinsafeproducts.com/search/products?brand_ids=&.
           | ..
        
           | atombender wrote:
           | This does not look correct. For example [1]:
           | DEA (diethanolamine) and DEA compounds are used to       make
           | cosmetics creamy or sudsy. DEA also acts as a       pH
           | adjuster, counteracting the acidity of other
           | ingredients. DEA is mainly found in moisturizers       and
           | sunscreens, while cocamide and lauramide DEA       are found
           | in soaps, cleansers, and shampoos.
           | 
           | [1] https://davidsuzuki.org/living-green/the-dirty-dozen-dea-
           | rel...
        
             | 0xEF wrote:
             | Apologies, I'm not clear on what you're pointing out in my
             | comment as incorrect. I specified that DEAs are used in
             | products that come from industrialized processes, that you
             | won't find them in home-made products of the same nature.
             | 
             | I'm using "industrialized" to mean "mass-produced" here, as
             | in stuff that comes from a factory rather than a small work
             | station in a DIYer home. I wonder if this may be causing
             | confusion?
             | 
             | The article you linked is likely speaking of mass-produced
             | products, but does not go so far as to specify that (they
             | should). I separate the two since they really are quite
             | different. If you put one of my bars of soap up against
             | Dove, for example, you'll notice that mine do not lather
             | nearly as much a Dove, nor do they have that "buttery"
             | texture of commercial soaps. DIY soaps typically only need
             | lye, distilled water, and olive oil then whatever you want
             | to add for scent. DEA does not enter the equation in a
             | home-made version.
        
         | benterix wrote:
         | I've checked a few shampoos i have at home and fortunately none
         | of them had it (they had SLES which has its own problems but
         | seems benign in comparison).
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | I don't think you'd see it on the ingredients list. It would
           | be used in the factory for some of the raw ingredients, and
           | wouldn't be on the ingredients list because the intention is
           | that none ends up in the final product.
           | 
           | Just like you don't see "grass" on the ingredients list of
           | yogurt...
        
             | benterix wrote:
             | Ouch that seems very bad.
        
               | consp wrote:
               | That's how ingredients work, since they should not be in
               | there they are not on the ingredient list ... and there
               | should be random testing to make sure there is no
               | contamination (if you live in a country which has actual
               | laws regarding pollutants and contaminants).
        
             | hammock wrote:
             | It is on the ingredient list when present. I've seen it on
             | many body soaps and shampoos. It could be listed as DEA, or
             | as one of the many other items listed in an earlier comment
             | in this chain
        
         | flocciput wrote:
         | from https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-
         | ingredients/diethanol...:
         | 
         | The following are some of the most commonly used ingredients
         | that may contain DEA:                   Cocamide DEA
         | Cocamide MEA         DEA-Cetyl Phosphate         DEA Oleth-3
         | Phosphate         Lauramide DEA         Linoleamide MEA
         | Myristamide DEA         Oleamide DEA         Stearamide MEA
         | TEA-Lauryl Sulfate         Triethanolamine
        
           | Faxanadu wrote:
           | I can't believe Lauryl Sulfate is in nearly every toothpaste.
           | I don't know if I'm some rare case freak, but that stuff
           | butchers my mouth.
           | 
           | It takes less than three days of accidentally using
           | toothpaste with that stuff to cause me two weeks of miserable
           | mouth hell from all the ulcers that form.
        
             | consp wrote:
             | > I don't know if I'm some rare case freak, but that stuff
             | butchers my mouth.
             | 
             | Yes, and also get a generalized allergenic test since you
             | are obviously alergic to something and it might be a lot
             | bigger group than you think.
        
               | foobiekr wrote:
               | The connection between canker sores and SLS is pretty
               | well known and not rare or caused by some other allergy.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | I'm not sure how rare it is, but as an anecdote when I was
             | a teen I knew a kid who had a speech impediment and slurred
             | their words really bad/was kind of mush mouthed.
             | 
             | We were on a group trip for about a week and had forgot
             | their toothpaste and had borrowed someone's 'natural
             | toothpaste' stuff. By the end of the week they were far
             | more intelligible in speaking and were stating it felt like
             | they mouth deflated. They had an undiagnosed allergy to
             | toothpaste their entire life and no one had recognized it.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | I don't know where my parents picked up this trick, because
             | everyone looks at me like I'm crazy when I mention it:
             | 
             | Relatively dry mouth. Milk of magnesia. Q-tips. Paint the
             | sore spots with MoM. It thickens and forms a film, which
             | cuts down on the tenderness.
             | 
             | I would try one spot if I were you. As bad as you described
             | it, if that helps more than it hurts you might try gargling
             | the stuff.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | I've taken to rinsing my glasses and bowls before using them
         | for liquids. I figure the transfer from a plate to a sandwich
         | can't be bad enough for me to go full OCD on this (and wet
         | sandwiches are weird), but if it's coffee or soup I'm
         | definitely getting a dose of any residues the dishwasher
         | leaves. The higher efficiency ones have been clocked leaving
         | more detergent residue behind.
        
       | zabzonk wrote:
       | Well, as a pathogen (god knows what is going on in our guts, or
       | our skin, come to that) it is rare, as article says. I worked in
       | an NHS microbiology lab in the 70s and never came across one -
       | probably wouldn't have known how to do so. One of our consultants
       | might (he was obsessed with anaerobes) might have, but there are
       | so many that might (or not) be associated with wounds that they
       | are very hard to identify.
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | They are talking about in in the gut, not on wounds. Morganella
         | morganii has a commensal(maybe) relationship within the
         | intestinal tracts of humans.
         | 
         | It may be more pathogenic than we thought if it causes
         | increases in IL6.
        
           | zabzonk wrote:
           | almost all bacteria and viruses (and most other things) have
           | a commensal relationship with us, otherwise we would would
           | have all be gone into grey goo. i wouldn't wory about our gut
           | fauna.
        
       | Dowwie wrote:
       | to access the report, click "accepted version" in the left-hand
       | margin
       | https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/items/9a051aa7-0fa4-46a5-88...
       | 
       | I ran the study through NotebookLLM and asked for some applied
       | insights.
       | 
       | Prompt 1: based on the contents of the paper and logical
       | deduction, what steps can someone take to apply the lessons
       | learned from this study?
       | 
       | Response 1: [a little too scientific...]
       | 
       | Prompt 2: explain this in more common terms and concepts
       | 
       | Response 2:
       | 
       | Okay, here's an explanation of the study's findings in simpler
       | terms:
       | 
       | This research paper explores how our genes and diet affect the
       | community of microbes living in our gut, and how these
       | interactions can impact our health. It's like looking at the
       | complex ecosystem inside us and trying to understand how
       | different factors influence its balance. The study used a large
       | group of people and analyzed their genes, gut microbes, diets,
       | and health records to find these connections.
       | 
       | Here's a breakdown of what it means and how you can think about
       | applying it to your own life:
       | 
       | * *Your genes play a role in your gut:* Just like you inherit
       | traits like eye color from your parents, you also inherit
       | tendencies that affect the types of microbes that thrive in your
       | gut. The study found many specific genes that are associated with
       | the presence of different bacteria.
       | 
       | * *Lactose Tolerance and Gut Bacteria:* * One key gene is called
       | *LCT*, which determines if you can digest milk sugar (lactose) as
       | an adult. If you're lactose intolerant (meaning your body
       | struggles to digest lactose), and you still eat dairy, you might
       | see more of a specific type of bacteria called _Bifidobacterium_
       | in your gut. This is because when you are lactose intolerant the
       | undigested lactose makes it to your colon where it becomes food
       | for your gut bacteria, which can lead to increased
       | _Bifidobacterium_ growth. * However, just because you have more
       | _Bifidobacterium_ doesn 't necessarily mean it's beneficial, it
       | could mean that your body isn't digesting lactose properly. * If
       | you are able to digest lactose, eating dairy will not affect the
       | amount of _Bifidobacterium_ in your gut. * The study also noted
       | that *other types of bacteria* are affected by the LCT gene,
       | suggesting that the impact of this gene on your gut is complex
       | and depends on your dairy intake.
       | 
       | * *Blood Type and Gut Bacteria*: Your ABO blood type, like A, B,
       | AB, or O, also affects your gut microbes, along with your
       | secretor status, which indicates if you secrete blood antigens in
       | your gut mucosa. * The study suggests that people who secrete
       | blood antigens in their gut tend to have higher levels of the
       | bacteria _Faecalicatena lactaris_. * This bacteria also appears
       | to be a very efficient metabolizer of these blood antigens. *
       | This means that people with different blood types may have
       | slightly different gut microbiomes and might need to take that
       | into account when they make diet or lifestyle choices.
       | 
       | * *Fiber and Gut Bacteria:* Eating a lot of fiber is generally
       | good for your gut. However, the study found that the bacteria
       | _Faecalicatena lactaris_ does not easily switch to digesting
       | fiber. This means that even if you eat a lot of fiber, this
       | bacteria might still prefer to feed on other things, such as
       | secreted blood antigens. Other mucin-degrading bacteria are more
       | likely to switch to fiber when it is available.
       | 
       | * *Gut Microbes and Mental Health*: * The study suggests that
       | there may be a connection between a specific gut microbe called
       | _Morganella_ and depression. This highlights the *gut-brain
       | connection*, meaning that what happens in your gut can affect
       | your brain and your mental health. * The study also suggests that
       | the _MED13L_ gene is associated with _Enterococcus faecalis,_
       | which may be linked to a higher risk of colorectal cancer.
       | 
       | * *What You Can Do:* * *Consider your genetics:* You can get
       | genetic testing to see if you have some of the gene variations
       | discussed in the study, like the one for lactose intolerance.
       | This will help you understand how your body works and help you
       | make dietary choices. * *Pay attention to your diet:* What you
       | eat strongly affects your gut microbes. If you're lactose
       | intolerant, you may want to consider whether dairy is good for
       | you. You might also want to consider if you should eat more
       | fiber, and what type of fiber would best support a healthy gut. *
       | *Be mindful of the gut-brain connection:* Keep your gut healthy
       | as it might have an impact on your mental well-being. * *Talk to
       | a professional:* The study is complex, so it's best to discuss it
       | with a doctor or a registered dietitian before making big changes
       | to your diet or lifestyle. * *Remember that research is ongoing:*
       | This study provides valuable information, but the authors
       | recommend further research into several of these connections.
       | 
       | In short, this study underscores the idea that our gut is a
       | complex ecosystem that is influenced by our genes, our diet, our
       | blood type and a host of other factors. By understanding these
       | interactions, we can take better care of our overall health.
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | So glad I am not the only one here interested in personal
         | genomics.
         | 
         | For example; I a FUT2 non-secretor. Understanding this changes
         | my life and my IBD. I also have NOD2 polymorphisms linked to
         | Crohn's and skin problems. Also Lactose intolerant so...
         | 
         | Understanding this led to the reduction of so much of my pain,
         | mental and physical.
         | 
         | I also have a Partial PNP Deficiency but I will let you look
         | that up.
        
           | Dowwie wrote:
           | what did you change in your diet / lifestyle after you
           | learned about your genetic makeup?
        
           | zhs wrote:
           | Yes! I'm also curious what specific changes you made related
           | to your IBD protocols backed up by your genetic
           | predispositions.
        
           | arrosenberg wrote:
           | Presence of FUT2 and FUT3 also have very interesting impacts
           | on CA19-9 levels, which affects cancer detection -
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23958938/
        
       | alecst wrote:
       | I can't go into too much detail here, but I interrupted a severe
       | depression by fasting for two straight weeks. It's hard to say
       | why it worked -- my friends assume that the microbiome is
       | implicated because of the dietary change. Plausible, but hardly a
       | proof. This gives me at least one direction to look in.
        
         | mateus1 wrote:
         | Interesting, I had a bout of depression that I believe started
         | when I did a monthlong low carb low calorie diet (with doctors
         | and nutritionist). Gut health is a huge factor.
        
           | goda90 wrote:
           | Low carb and low calorie for a month sounds rough in general.
           | Maybe the depression could be attributed to exhaustion and a
           | suppressed metabolism as well.
        
             | stewarts wrote:
             | Very individualized. I have drastically better gut health,
             | skin health, energy when on a low carb diet for an extended
             | duration.
             | 
             | Maintaining that diet for an extended duration, however, is
             | always the challenge when others in the household do not
             | follow it. Logically, I should stop being a baby and just
             | power on with it. Or at least determine what in my "normal"
             | western diet negatively impacts gut health/skin health and
             | overall energy.
        
         | digbybk wrote:
         | As an alternate theory, I've always thought that deliberate,
         | controlled suffering gives you a mood boost. Or rather, the
         | relief after the suffering has ended. The theory is that it's
         | not good for us emotionally to be comfortable continuously.
         | Maybe fasting is an example of that?
        
           | pwillia7 wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asceticism
        
           | k__ wrote:
           | I read somewhere, if you fast, the body thinks you can't find
           | food, so it gives you more dopamine to motivate you to find
           | more.
        
           | chefandy wrote:
           | That's personality-specific. My Dad is like that and doesn't
           | understand why nobody else in the family gets off on self-
           | imposed austerity. (He's a great guy by the way -- we all
           | have our quirks.) He loves to say it's a lack of discipline,
           | but it's not-- I quit smoking after a decade-and-a-half of
           | heavy smoking, lost 20% of my body weight on an 800 calorie
           | per day ketogenic diet, worked many very difficult jobs, and
           | did a number of other things that have required sustained
           | discipline, as have others in the family. He doesn't
           | understand that the difference is that he _enjoys_ self-
           | imposed misery and the feelings of superiority he gets from
           | it, which not only leads to a lack of balance in his life,
           | sometimes strains his closest relationships.
        
             | digbybk wrote:
             | "Enjoys misery" is an oxymoron I think. He enjoys joy,
             | which he gets from doing difficult things. I'm just taking
             | your dad's side on this because I suspect I share some of
             | his tendencies :)
        
               | chefandy wrote:
               | Ok, rather than enjoying self-imposed misery he enjoys
               | the process of imposing and Meta state while experiencing
               | self-imposed misery.
               | 
               | You know, I think you might be right. ;-)
        
               | codr7 wrote:
               | Or challenges, overcoming seemingly impossible obstacles,
               | I need that to feel alive.
               | 
               | But it's all for me, I have no cravings for telling other
               | people. The exception would be if I see a possibility to
               | inspire someone.
        
             | jajko wrote:
             | Does he not understand the situation even when you lay it
             | so bare in front of him? People tend to get off the course
             | sometimes on their own, but smart mature ones prefer honest
             | correcting feedbacks (to certain extent), if it means ie
             | better more stable relationships with closest ones
        
               | chefandy wrote:
               | He's pretty hard-headed, but so are his middle-aged sons.
               | These days we're all grown-up enough to know when to sort
               | of shake our heads and change the subject. My mom has her
               | own way of setting boundaries which seems to work for her
               | but unless she wants to talk about something specific,
               | it's normally nothing I need to even think about. She
               | feels comfortable enough confiding in me though. To be
               | clear he's a 100% stand-up guy, doesn't have an anger
               | problem, and even though he can be frustrating to deal
               | with sometimes, there is never a question about him doing
               | what's best for his family, even if that means swallowing
               | something he's annoyed by if it's necessary.
        
             | jancsika wrote:
             | > My Dad is like that and doesn't understand why nobody
             | else in the family gets off on self-imposed austerity.
             | 
             | My gut feeling: men of a certain generation seem to have
             | confused the skill of _seeming_ aloof-- like when meeting a
             | stranger or thrust in a new situation-- for _being_
             | emotionally unaffected in general. One sign I associate
             | with this would be talking only in the past tense about
             | having felt certain emotions, but you never really witness
             | the person feeling or expressing those emotions (outside of
             | anger /frustration). Alternatively, the person may never
             | really engage in discussions about certain negative
             | feelings, unless it's to offer low-effort problem-solving
             | advice to others.
             | 
             | This is difficult because there are obviously times when a
             | small, seemingly insignificant problem can trigger an
             | outsized emotion. It's natural and helpful to be able to
             | sit with that negative emotion-- to feel it, express it and
             | talk about it as an emotion _you are experiencing_ -- to be
             | able to eventually come to terms and get to know better
             | whatever it is that's driving it. It's scary to do, but
             | most people have some techniques for doing it.
             | 
             | If you have few or no tools to do that, it must generate an
             | immense amount of stress. Hence wacky alternative stress-
             | relieving techniques that are more physical and less
             | emotional in nature. (Plus the projection of "lack of
             | discipline" makes me wonder if he'd feel shame from sitting
             | with a negative emotion.)
        
               | patcon wrote:
               | > One sign I associate with this would be talking only in
               | the past tense about having felt certain emotions, but
               | you never really witness the person feeling or expressing
               | those emotions (outside of anger/frustration).
               | Alternatively, the person may never really engage in
               | discussions about certain negative feelings, unless it's
               | to offer low-effort problem-solving advice to others.
               | 
               | That's really insightful! Thank you. Saving your words in
               | a scratch note for later
        
               | bitcoin_anon wrote:
               | This reads like a description of someone with an avoidant
               | attachment style.
        
               | dkarl wrote:
               | That's a lot of psychoanalyzing of people you don't know.
               | 
               | If it helps give you some perspective, I've been through
               | a decade of therapy and years of group therapy, and I
               | haven't found that my interest in "discipline" lessened
               | or became less relevant as I've come to grips with
               | emotional issues and learned to relate to people in
               | different ways. There hasn't been much interaction
               | between the two, except that when I'm doing well at one I
               | tend to do better at the other, for the obvious reasons.
               | 
               | An alternative explanation is that voluntary suffering is
               | a comforting reminder that you can do it when you need
               | to, as well as an effort to maintain that ability. My
               | observation is that people who engage in "gratuitous"
               | suffering are people who were raised by parents who
               | didn't pass on the basic skills of discipline (among
               | which are important emotional skills) and had to learn it
               | from scratch later in life. Since they didn't grow up
               | with it, they don't take it for granted, and they exhibit
               | the "zeal of the convert." Or, if they never achieve it,
               | the persistent lack keeps it at the front of their minds.
               | 
               | The parent poster seems to have quite a lot of discipline
               | but doesn't feel any need to remind himself that he has
               | it. Maybe that's because he learned it as a child from
               | his father?
               | 
               | My father had a hard and restricted life growing up, and
               | he wanted me to grow up in a more free and easy way. He
               | wanted me to feel free to goof off and enjoy myself. I
               | certainly learned that, but I also grew up with a lot of
               | anxiety about my inconsistent ability to apply myself to
               | things I cared about. Sometimes I did, and thrived, but
               | very often I disappointed myself. I was especially poor
               | at boring things and things where consistency mattered,
               | such as taking care of my health, but often, even at the
               | things I was good at, I failed to put in effort at a
               | crucial time and screwed up something that was important
               | to me. My easygoing father wasn't going to tell me I
               | "lacked discipline," but my frequent underperformance and
               | self-failure told me loud and clear.
               | 
               | So I spent years figuring it out and getting better at
               | it. Like anything that doesn't come "naturally" (i.e.,
               | wasn't learned in childhood) it has always felt like an
               | artificial bolted-on part of myself that could fall off
               | at any moment. So I consciously tend to it. I don't show
               | more discipline in my life than other people, but I
               | certainly show more interest in it, and I do some things
               | that probably seem weird to other people. Other people
               | probably think it's a meaningless focus that has no
               | impact on my life, since I'm not conspicuously different
               | in my habits and accomplishments. But not being
               | conspicuously different is the accomplishment!
               | 
               | A lot of people can relate to the effort required to
               | maintain a healthy weight after growing up overweight.
               | People who take a healthy weight for granted might think
               | that an above-average amount of attention and effort
               | should yield an above-average physique, or what's the
               | point? They might feel amused or condescending towards
               | their friend who thinks and talks so much about what they
               | eat but looks very average. They might get annoyed that
               | their friend declines an extra round of drinks or skips
               | dessert. What's the point? It's not like they're
               | maintaining a fabulous physique. They look like anyone
               | else, even slightly below average. Clearly their
               | obsession with eating doesn't accomplish anything other
               | than annoying the people around them. But it does
               | accomplish something. It lets them be closer to normal.
        
               | chefandy wrote:
               | I've seen that in people though I don't think it really
               | describes him, specifically. He just really enjoys a lot
               | of things in life the way some people really love getting
               | the most punishing workouts possible, and would probably
               | do it even if there were no health benefits.
        
               | chrisweekly wrote:
               | +1 insightful
               | 
               | A good technique to help w this is "affective labeling"
               | (sorry, citation needed, I think I got it from one of
               | Anne Laure Le Cunff's typically awesome
               | newsletters/posts). Set a 5m timer, start writing words
               | that describe your emotions and don't stop writing for
               | even 2s till the 5m are up.
        
               | codr7 wrote:
               | I don't find it difficult to talk about negative
               | feelings, as long as no one is listening. Talking to
               | other people is mostly useless these days, they're all
               | busy hiding from themselves.
        
             | ninalanyon wrote:
             | Austerity is not the same a misery. In some ways I live an
             | austere life but I am happy. Misery comes from poverty not
             | self imposed austerity; the first is often imposed by the
             | outside world whereas your father's and my austerity are,
             | as you say, self imposed and under our own control.
        
               | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
               | Austerity often comes naturally with age, just because
               | spending money requires effort and energy older people
               | don't have.
        
               | chefandy wrote:
               | You're making arbitrary definitions for those words.
               | Austerity can absolutely lead to misery and some of the
               | happiest times in my life have been some of the most
               | impoverished.
        
               | ninalanyon wrote:
               | > Austerity can absolutely lead to misery
               | 
               | I didn't say that it couldn't, merely that it doesn't
               | necessarily do so.
        
           | SecretDreams wrote:
           | This... Reads a touch like baby manic depression.
           | 
           | Certainly, the highs feel better if you're coming from a low;
           | but I tend to prefer my highs coming from mids. I will say
           | that, although not a low, the sweet relief of getting through
           | a stressful situation/project is great.
        
             | nkozyra wrote:
             | There's a flip side to that, which is anhedonia. If you're
             | always at a mid, it's kind of harder to get the highs. But
             | you avoid the lows, I suppose.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | Anhedonia is sometimes used to refer to 'flat affect',
               | which I guess could be taken as 'mid', but usually it is
               | used to describe a lack of joy/desire that is quite
               | common in major depressive episodes.
        
           | sporkland wrote:
           | This interview about dopamine and homeostasis in the body
           | would support the idea that resetting that system through
           | suffering would likely be a valid approach:
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/R6xbXOp7wDA?si=iUUfMZe05DO0wR5K
        
           | alecst wrote:
           | I'm no stranger to discomfort. I enjoy it. Like, my bed is a
           | piece of plywood with a blanket on it.
           | 
           | The increase in energy and clarity of my thinking, the tingly
           | feeling in my body, and the improved sleep quality -- just to
           | give you a few examples -- are hard to attribute to the
           | mechanism you're talking about. To add to that, I regularly
           | fast for five days at a time and I have not yet experienced
           | the same kind of mental difference. This time I pushed it to
           | two weeks because my energy levels continued to fluctuate
           | upward until the 12th or 13th day.
           | 
           | You do feel a lot of relief that the boredom of fasting is
           | over. But that effect lasts maybe a day or two or three.
           | Certainly not months.
        
             | nkozyra wrote:
             | > Like, my bed is a piece of plywood with a blanket on it.
             | 
             | Other than the potential for mold accumulation (you
             | definitely want some air to circulate), this is not
             | actually a bad bed base for sleep quality. Depending on
             | your size, it's likely better for you than some very
             | expensive plush mattresses.
             | 
             | Plywood has give to it that a hardwood wouldn't, so what
             | you're sleeping on isn't entirely rigid anyway.
             | 
             | But drill some holes in it :)
             | 
             | I fast somewhat frequently, and I don't really associate it
             | with pain or discomfort, but I'm also doing it for 24-48
             | hours.
             | 
             | Extremely long fasts (like your two weeks) should come with
             | a disclaimer, they're not for everyone.
        
           | p_ing wrote:
           | > I've always thought that deliberate, controlled suffering
           | gives you a mood boost.
           | 
           | That's not an alternate "theory".
           | 
           | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/theres-
           | scientific-...
           | 
           | > People who self-harm, writes Arnold, have "learned that,
           | while the pain peaks with self-injury, it then comes down the
           | other side. The physical pain lessens - as does the emotional
           | pain."
           | 
           | People don't self-harm because it hurts. They self-harm
           | because it _feels good_. Pain is "pleasure", for lack of a
           | better phrase.
        
             | vdjskshi wrote:
             | Most of them self harm because the removal the pain feels
             | good - and it takes with it some emotional pain.
             | 
             | Though there probably are some masochists that truly enjoy
             | the pain, but that's a different condition than the more
             | common I-hate-myself-so-I-hurt-myself.
        
               | p_ing wrote:
               | > removal the pain feels good
               | 
               | Not quite. The pain causes an endorphin release. It's
               | also addictive (not technically by the DSM sense, but
               | those who do will often call it as such) and has been
               | compared to heroin.
        
             | jcims wrote:
             | I was a hobby beekeeper for a few years and grew to enjoy
             | getting stung. It still hurts like hell at first but the
             | ride down is lovely.
             | 
             | Spicy foods might be another example.
        
             | codr7 wrote:
             | There's also the not so constructive tendency to punish the
             | body for what the brain comes up with and the feelings that
             | come with it. It's really the only part of yourself you can
             | harm.
        
           | consp wrote:
           | > Or rather, the relief after the suffering has ended
           | 
           | Good luck if you are suffering from most forms of depression
           | in getting that relief since everything is suffering.
        
             | papa0101 wrote:
             | The obligatory "To love is to suffer. To avoid suffering
             | one must not love. But then one suffers from not loving.
             | Therefore, to love is to suffer; not to love is to suffer;
             | to suffer is to suffer. To be happy is to love. To be
             | happy, then, is to suffer, but suffering makes one unhappy.
             | Therefore, to be happy one must love or love to suffer or
             | suffer from too much happiness."
        
           | idontwantthis wrote:
           | It's also a major accomplishment which can boost your mood
           | and confidence regardless of it's direct emotional effect.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | When I learned about the hedonic treadmill I thought back to
           | a number of athletic programmers I've known who always seemed
           | to be a lot more put together than the rest of us. I always
           | figured the relationship went the other way. That having your
           | shit together meant more time for activities. It may be the
           | other way around.
        
             | codr7 wrote:
             | Physical activity is a life saver for me, it allows me to
             | release energy that would otherwise cause trouble down the
             | line.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | If you can handle running 5 miles, you can handle that
               | terrible refactoring task you discovered this morning.
        
         | simmerup wrote:
         | I cured my sugar addiction with a 2 day fast. I found it
         | remarkable tbh
        
         | fredgrott wrote:
         | fasting changes the population of the microbiome in your gi
         | tract...
        
         | francisofascii wrote:
         | Yes. A long fast can reduce overgrowth of harmful bacteria that
         | survives on a continuous supply of food. This paper mentions
         | Morganella morganii, which is an example of harmful bacteria
         | that thrives in a environment full of undigested proteins and
         | carbohydrates.
        
         | aszantu wrote:
         | been collecting for a while, happy hunting
         | https://github.com/cutestuff/FoodDepressionConundrum
        
           | ldoughty wrote:
           | I certainly agree there's a connection from the gut to the
           | rest of our body (including mood) that we still don't
           | understand... But I'm curious if you've done anything to rule
           | out psychosomatic ? I saw a brief mention that you think
           | there is a link to childhood experiences, which means you do
           | agree there might be a mental connection... Have you tried a
           | blind experiment at all? I could see it being relatively
           | possible if you had someone prepare something liquid, steps
           | were taken to conceal the flavor, and perhaps using a straw
           | to limit how much you can notice.
        
         | genter wrote:
         | I completely cured my severe anxiety and minor depression by
         | eliminating wheat and sugar from my diet. I come from a family
         | where everyone has digestive issues and some type of illness
         | that is tentatively linked to the microbiome.
        
           | thisislife2 wrote:
           | For how long, is the question though? Depression and anxiety
           | are like the "common cold" of mental health suffering, and
           | everyone endures it a few times in their life.
        
             | genter wrote:
             | Well, it's been about 10 years. And I'm still a completely
             | different person with absolutely no signs of it.
        
             | settsu wrote:
             | Yeah, no. Please further educate yourself before saying
             | this out loud again.
        
           | trevor-e wrote:
           | This has me very curious! How did you decide on eliminating
           | wheat and sugar? Or did you cycle through various
           | eliminations until you found a combination that worked? And
           | how did you know when to keep going/stop?
        
         | dfsegoat wrote:
         | Did you already exercise regularly?
        
           | rapfaria wrote:
           | Would also want to know this, since one probably needs a lot
           | of muscle to go through this 14 day period, but those muscles
           | would come from exercising, which also help reducing
           | depression.
        
           | alecst wrote:
           | Yea, I'm in good shape. I commute by bike and was spending
           | most of my free time at the gym.
        
         | thisislife2 wrote:
         | > _It's hard to say why it worked_
         | 
         | Behaviour therapy would say that it worked because you took
         | some action to improve your life and counter the depression.
         | (Even cognitive therapy says that small, meaningful actions can
         | have a dramatic impact on one's depression). The motivation and
         | action of fasting, and the positive and noticeable / observable
         | physical effects of fasting changed your focus from your
         | depression, which alleviated your depressive symptoms. Once
         | depression alleviates, you start thinking more clearly (make
         | less cognitive distortions in your thinking) which further
         | leads to a 'normal' mental state of well-being (in an otherwise
         | mentally healthy individual).
        
         | skirge wrote:
         | strange, I guess bacteria wasn't happy at all during you
         | fasting
        
         | jb_briant wrote:
         | I wonder if people who are questioning if fasting 2 weeks is
         | the main cause of interrupting your depression did ever fasted
         | a week. Would you consider that you "cured" the depression?
        
           | alecst wrote:
           | Yea. Many of the comments hurt me to read. I'm trying to
           | remind myself that they come from a place of curiosity and
           | wanting to rule out confounding variables. But they do make a
           | lot of assumptions about me and things I know and/or do.
           | 
           | To answer your question: I hesitate to use the word "cure",
           | because 3-4 months on, I'm starting to wonder if certain
           | things have begun to slide back, or if it's just been a
           | challenging week. Time will tell.
           | 
           | A datapoint that I did not mention in my first post was that
           | there was a negative, persistent, digestive side-effect that
           | paralleled the positive mental changes. As that has faded, so
           | have some of the noticeable mental changes. I'm still doing
           | better, but maybe with less energy than a month or so after
           | the fast. I hope not, but maybe this is something I'll have
           | to repeat every now and then.
        
             | e40 wrote:
             | I wonder if shorter fasts between the long ones would make
             | a difference?
             | 
             | Ignore the hurtful comments. A good portion of people don't
             | have much empathy for others, combined with the anonymous
             | nature of this forum, makes people say hurtful things.
             | 
             | Good luck on your journey.
        
               | alecst wrote:
               | Thanks, I appreciate that. And by the way, I had the same
               | thought as you. I've been doing monthly 5-day fasts just
               | to see what would happen. So far not much to report, but
               | I'll wait until 6 months have passed to draw conclusions.
        
               | crdrost wrote:
               | At the most extreme end of the other side, Buddhist
               | monks, in addition to not eating meat (or, often, aliums
               | like onions and garlic), also don't generally believe in
               | dinner--they have to eat all their solid food for the day
               | before noon, so you could view this as fasting for half
               | the day every day.
               | 
               | (There are some caveats... At least for the Tibetan monks
               | I knew, morning prayer is early at like 5am and comes
               | with a sort of pita bread and tea, bedtime is closer to
               | 9pm, and during these 9 hours there will be more tea.
               | With a little googling I am able to confirm that some of
               | the "pita" (pao balep) is consumed at the lunch tea, and
               | I think this is after the lunch meal, so it might be 1pm.
               | I think there's none at the evening tea that you'd have
               | around sundown? Also in terms of calories the Tibetan tea
               | is "bulletproof," consisting of a very long steep for the
               | leaves to extract maximum bitter flavors, that get mixed
               | with a bunch of yak butter and salt. So liquid calories
               | are very much a thing for them.)
        
             | stewarts wrote:
             | Have you done any experimentation with pre/pro-biotics?
             | Just wondering if your fasting adjusted your gut biome, but
             | now as you've resumed whatever diet that biome is being
             | modified based on the fuels available to it.
        
               | mtgentry wrote:
               | Yeah might be worth regularly eating foods like kimchee
               | or kefir. Or high quality yogurt. It seems to help with
               | my psoriasis which is related to inflammation.
        
               | codr7 wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure vegetable sources are way more potent
               | than yoghurt, fermenting your own veggies is not that
               | complicated. Nor is making your own yoghurt. The thing
               | is, it's alive, so shelf time matters a lot.
        
         | lr4444lr wrote:
         | If your depression remained abated after resuming a healthy
         | diet, I'd say the microbiome hypothesis is intriguing.
         | Otherwise I'd there are way too many complicating factors at
         | work during a fast to dwell on that.
         | 
         | Also, you could toy around with different fermented foods while
         | making no other changes.
        
         | e40 wrote:
         | I assume it was a water fast. Did you supplement with anything?
         | Did you have a doctor's supervision during the 2 weeks? How did
         | you reintroduce food? I've always been fascinated by long
         | fasts, but I'm scared to try them.
        
           | martinsnow wrote:
           | Not eating for a couple of weeks won't kill healthy people.
           | You don't have to waste your doctor's time unless you're old
           | or frail.
        
             | olyjohn wrote:
             | Asking for medical advice is a waste of your doctor's time?
             | I'd rather do that than trust a bunch of random posts from
             | people I don't know on a technology website.
        
               | krageon wrote:
               | They could be helping someone who actually needs it.
               | Asking for time you don't need is unethical.
        
           | alecst wrote:
           | I had some electrolytes at first but ditched them on the
           | third day. After that it was just plain water. If I had to do
           | it again, I would take potassium and table salt throughout.
           | 
           | I did have friends and my girlfriend with me for a lot of it.
           | 
           | I didn't do anything special to break the fast.
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | Good for you! This is how it all starts. By adding foods back
         | slowly you may start to find what foods are a trigger for gut
         | inflammation and depression.
         | 
         | There is one medical diet, called the FODMAP diet you might
         | want to look into. It helps you find what foods might be
         | causing some bacterial in your gut to become imbalanced.
         | 
         | I am not at all saying it is all you microbiome, foods may
         | affect us in so many more way than only in the gut. It may be
         | that not eating has lowered oxidative stress in your body
         | allowing your mitochondria to recover and are now able to
         | provide the energy you need.
        
         | hellectronic wrote:
         | I commented above, Checkout Brain Energy by Christopher Palmer
        
         | angst_ridden wrote:
         | There is also a known phenomenon of "starvation euphoria." I
         | don't know at what point of caloric deficit that kicks in, but
         | it probably varies dramatically.
        
         | kouru225 wrote:
         | Interrupted or fixed? And lemme get that regiment?
        
       | Arrekin wrote:
       | Keto is the only thing that fixes my depression-like state. I
       | discovered it doing short-term fasts and then learned about Keto.
       | I tested it multiple times. Once I get off Keto I feel much worse
       | within 2 weeks and after around 1 month I am at the total bottom
       | again. Then go back to Keto, 2-3 days of suffering Keto Flu and
       | I'm happy to live again.
        
         | dombesz wrote:
         | You probably have gut dysbiosis causing inflamation of your gut
         | and inflamation leads to depression like symptoms. This doesn't
         | mean you have to eat keto all the time, but rather that you
         | should take probiotics to restore your gut flora. This way, you
         | can continue eating a balanced diet without allowing that
         | specific bacteria to become overpopulated. The best for me was
         | using Lactobacyllus subtilis HU-58 alongside low-fodmap diet.
         | The low fodmap diet is a shorter period of 1 month, then it
         | needs to continue with the RENEW diet for 3-6months to 1 year.
         | This whole period needs to be supplimented with hu58.
        
           | Arrekin wrote:
           | Thank you I'll check that out. Tho, for me, it most likely
           | began as a post-flu complication, so I don't have much hopes.
        
           | machiaweliczny wrote:
           | I had some gut bacteria issues and I think I was helped
           | recently by using oregano oil and/or allicine (extract from
           | garlic). Used both for a week, before had 2x antibiotics for
           | suspected SIBO. I also used VivoMaxx 450 probiotics and
           | sodium butyrate for 3 days so maybe it was it. All of these
           | combined are cheaper than single curation with antibiotics so
           | worth giving a shot in case of issues.
        
           | baxtr wrote:
           | Thanks. Very interesting.
           | 
           | Do you know why HU 58 is so special?
        
         | hellectronic wrote:
         | Checkout the book Brain Energy by Christopher Palmer
        
       | maxfurman wrote:
       | So if, for the sake of argument, the findings here are correct
       | and causal and should be acted upon, what exactly is one supposed
       | to do about it? We've got the technology to detect gut bacteria
       | but we don't seem to have good targeted ways to affect it.
        
         | revx wrote:
         | Cut things that contain diethanolamine from your
         | home/diet/life?
        
         | troyvit wrote:
         | An interesting way to affect gut bacteria is to get a fecal
         | transplant. It doesn't look fun, and I don't know how well it
         | works, but I bet that's the direction to go.
         | 
         | https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-t...
        
         | calibas wrote:
         | > We've got the technology to detect gut bacteria but we don't
         | seem to have good targeted ways to affect it.
         | 
         | Healthy diet, fasting, probiotics, reducing stress, among other
         | methods.
        
       | kvgr wrote:
       | This explains why my moods gets better for couple of weeks, hwne
       | i take some antibiotics.
        
         | kylehotchkiss wrote:
         | Causation != correlation. Not all bad moods are caused by
         | bacteria and you're not factoring in the fact you were sick and
         | got well as a potential mood boosting factor
        
           | hollerith wrote:
           | I'm inclined to believe that GP is rational enough to be able
           | to notice if there were symptoms other than low mood _that
           | were so severe and troublesome_ that GP reacted with
           | chronically-low mood.
           | 
           | And I'm inclined to believe that GP is competent enough at
           | writing comments that if there were such non-mood symptoms,
           | GP would've mentioned them.
           | 
           | (I don't know anything personally about GP: I'm going on the
           | average rationality level of the writers of HN comments that
           | report on the writer's own health.)
        
       | Jun8 wrote:
       | This is probably a wild (~stupid) idea but can we develop drugs
       | to elite particular bacteria, e.g. just kill Morganella morganii,
       | akin to Ehrlich's magic bullet? Current approaches, I think, use
       | antibiotics that kill a wide range of bacteria, the good with the
       | bad.
       | 
       | How would such a thing work? Could there be enzymes specific to
       | one species (or, at least, a family)?
        
         | jagraff wrote:
         | I don't know about enzymes, but bacteriophages (viruses that
         | target bacteria) are species specific, and have been used
         | successfully as antibacterial treatments:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage_therapy
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | Are there studies linking common antibiotics to depression?
        
       | TechDebtDevin wrote:
       | Find a vegan / natural soap store in your city. Off the Botel in
       | Denver is great,
       | 
       | https://offthebottlerefills.com/
       | 
       | Ive switched entirely to Bathing Culture myself, an all natural
       | soap brand.
       | 
       | https://bathingculture.com/
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Alternatively, biodegradable soaps deemed safe for camping may
         | be another good choice.
         | 
         | See also Dr Bronner's, Method, Pre de Provence bar soap.
        
       | talkingtab wrote:
       | This is a "you don't know what you don't know" thing. This
       | article lays out a path way for a link between a chemical that is
       | common in our lives and depression. That pathway is a common gut
       | bacteria. The article ends with this:
       | 
       | "So taken together, there would seem to be good reason to
       | continue to unravel the long-hypothesized inflammation/depression
       | connection, and particularly in regards to possible exacerbating
       | factors such as higher levels of M. morganii infection or even
       | higher environmental exposure to diethanolamine. We seem to have
       | a lot to learn here!"
       | 
       | diethanolamine is commonly used in liquid laundry and dish
       | washing detergents, cosmetics, shampoos and hair conditioners. So
       | you really don't know if your hair conditioner, shampoo or dish
       | washing detergent is causing you inflammation & depression. Hmmm.
       | 
       | We, as in the institutions that supposedly protect consumers,
       | work on the assumption that anything can be used and added until
       | it is proven not safe. For example, thalidomide. We did not know
       | it would cause deformed babies, so it was assumed to be safe.
       | 
       | Okay, so will some corporation knowingly use something that is
       | hazardous, just to make more money. Well we have the Sackler
       | Family and Purdue Pharma. Or you can go watch "Erin Brokovitch".
       | And you might want to watch Matix again just for fun.
        
       | Theizestooke wrote:
       | That's interesting. I always get a bout of depression when the
       | weather changes drastically (increase in temp, drop in pressure).
       | I noticed that when I'm able to poop again, afterwards it starts
       | to get better. Maybe I need to take stuff to speed up digestion?
        
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