[HN Gopher] The Alpha Myth: How captive wolves led us astray
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Alpha Myth: How captive wolves led us astray
        
       Author : ada1981
       Score  : 374 points
       Date   : 2025-01-27 19:21 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (anthonydavidadams.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (anthonydavidadams.substack.com)
        
       | Terr_ wrote:
       | I often like to sum it up as: "Thinking gangs observed in prison
       | represent human households."
       | 
       | This goes along with an imagined mockumentary, narrated by a
       | David Attenborough figure, ex: "In the living room, a
       | confrontation is brewing. The Big Boss has informed the bottom-
       | tier Henchmen Homies that it is time for lights-out, but they are
       | not ready to leave the television and they resent the privileges
       | of the older Made Man, who is permitted to remain. This is a
       | problem for the Big Boss, since directly punishing them might
       | undermine his claim to control the group as a whole. Fortunately
       | for him, his Enforcer is arriving from the kitchen, attracted by
       | the noise..."
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | Maybe not all households, but some. And schools bear more than
         | a passing resemblance to prisons.
        
           | bestouff wrote:
           | Depends on the country.
        
             | bigiain wrote:
             | Yeah.
             | 
             | Most countries manage to keep automatic weapons out of
             | prisons.
        
               | worik wrote:
               | ...and schools
        
               | bigiain wrote:
               | (that was the joke...)
        
           | eleveriven wrote:
           | Yet it interesting how much of what we consider "human
           | nature" is just us reacting to the cages we put ourselves in?
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _interesting how much of what we consider "human nature"
             | is just us reacting to the cages we put ourselves in?_
             | 
             | Or that we aren't dogs. Chimpanzees _do_ have an alpha male
             | who commonly achieves his role through violence.
        
               | eleveriven wrote:
               | But their (Chimpanzees') social dynamics aren't solely
               | based on violence
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _their (Chimpanzees ') social dynamics aren't solely
               | based on violence_
               | 
               | Correct. A book on Chimpanzees was connected to human
               | nature by a reviewer in the _Chicago Tribune_ , a 1999
               | _Time_ article and the obviously totally-scientific pick-
               | up book _The Game_ [1].
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_and_beta_male
        
               | psychoslave wrote:
               | Humans can also exhibit behaviors closer to those of
               | Bonobos.
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11128
        
           | ninalanyon wrote:
           | > schools bear more than a passing resemblance to prisons.
           | 
           | The qualifier _some_ needs to be applied to that too. None of
           | the schools I have any personal knowledge of in the UK or
           | Norway bear (or bore in the case of my own childhood) the
           | slightest resemblance to a prison. Well, there was one. I
           | accompanied a colleague in the US when he picked up his
           | daughter at the end of the school day, I was astonished to
           | find that he had to present himself at a reception desk that
           | was guarding locked doors that were the only way in and out.
        
             | graemep wrote:
             | I think you are taking it too literally.
             | 
             | It is not about having bars and armed guards, it is about
             | having a strong fixed hierarchy, fixed routines, rules far
             | stricter than society outside, punishments such as being
             | put in isolation etc.
             | 
             | A lot of this applies to some other highly disciplined
             | environments such as the military too, but it is not the
             | norm for most of us (and the military volunteer to be
             | there).
             | 
             | The physical and security aspects of a school in the UK are
             | not like a prison, but the social and discipline aspects
             | are. More so at some schools than others and I think people
             | who have only had contact with better schools do not
             | realise how bad the bad ones can be.
        
               | UniverseHacker wrote:
               | > I think people who have only had contact with better
               | schools do not realise how bad the bad ones can be
               | 
               | I grew up in a poor rural area and my wife an upper class
               | coastal community, both in the USA. It's amazing to
               | compare and contrast our public school experiences. I was
               | just trying to survive a situation that was both
               | psychologically and physically abusive, with public
               | humiliation rituals, solitary confinement, and gangs of
               | bullies that cornered and robbed people and violently
               | punished social non conformity- I still feel terror
               | remembering it decades later. Even the lessons were
               | nonsense propaganda- science classes literally focused on
               | creationism, history class on "states rights," etc. She
               | was in a playful relaxing environment that included
               | regular upper class leisure activities like sailing,
               | skiing, and horseback riding, and had well equipped
               | science labs with teachers that were passionate about
               | science.
        
               | cladopa wrote:
               | It is probably more about the difference between women
               | and men experience growing up. Women usually do not face
               | violence directly. They face other problems though.
               | 
               | Don't believe for a second that growing up in an upper
               | class environment does not have social dynamics. I grew
               | up in one in Europe. In an upper class school there are
               | bullies as bad as you could find in a lower class one,
               | probably worse, because they have resources and
               | connections to create harm. And sometimes their parents
               | are worse than them.
               | 
               | Do not idealise what you have not live. You could go
               | skiing and they can choke with the ski poles. This
               | happened to one of my friends because he criticised one
               | guy.
        
               | UniverseHacker wrote:
               | You are not understanding the extent of violence and
               | abuse I am talking about, and how it was systematically
               | led and encouraged by the teachers and staff. I'm not
               | talking about just bullies being at the school- or normal
               | boys dominance and fighting - of course that can happen
               | anywhere.
               | 
               | Despite going to a poor school, my family was well off,
               | and I had personal experience with other environments
               | including Boy Scouts, summer camps, etc. that still
               | included normal social dynamics between boys with plenty
               | of fighting, etc. but that is absolutely nothing like
               | what I am describing above.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | While I didn't go to more wealthy schools as a child, I
               | grew up in a 'middle class to poorish' rural area in the
               | midwest and moved to a poorish area in the south.
               | 
               | I'll use your own words to describe the change in the
               | experience
               | 
               | >I was just trying to survive a situation that was both
               | psychologically and physically abusive, with public
               | humiliation rituals, solitary confinement, and gangs of
               | bullies that cornered and robbed people and violently
               | punished social non conformity-
               | 
               | I got the full 'the science teacher is the bully coach
               | and believes the world was created 6000 years ago, and if
               | you were one of the kids they liked you could commit
               | crimes, and you were not liked then crimes could be
               | committed against you' experience.
        
               | UniverseHacker wrote:
               | That word for word describes what I experienced- we could
               | have been in the same class
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | At least in the UK creationism is a rarity. The huge
               | difference between good and bad schools exists though.
               | 
               | My kids were home educated up to 16 and then went to a
               | sixth form college (school for 16 to 18 year olds) that
               | is pretty good and well funded with some really good
               | teachers (the physics teachers are outstanding - one that
               | taught by older daughter now works for CERN, the head of
               | department has a PhD, and they are all passionate about
               | the subject). its not immune from league table pressure,
               | the curse of education in the UK.
        
               | mattgreenrocks wrote:
               | > it is about having a strong fixed hierarchy, fixed
               | routines, rules far stricter than society outside,
               | punishments such as being put in isolation etc.
               | 
               | What do you make of the recent claim that something like
               | 20-30% of people are fundamentally authoritarian in
               | nature and want these fixed hierarchies and routines?
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | > And schools bear more than a passing resemblance to
           | prisons.
           | 
           | and some workplaces.
           | 
           | Arguably many cities more resemble "captivity" than a natural
           | environment.
        
           | b3lvedere wrote:
           | Everywhere where you are unhappy and/or uncomfortable is a
           | prison for yourself. It could be a football stadion where
           | some weird guy has made you the mocking target.
        
         | ada1981 wrote:
         | Genius concept.
        
         | jojobas wrote:
         | Gangs in prison represent gangs out of prison though.
        
           | skyyler wrote:
           | I don't think that's true, actually.
           | 
           | Do you have any evidence that suggests prison gangs are
           | similar to street gangs?
        
             | pineaux wrote:
             | I think they are, but causality is the other way around. A
             | lot of gang originate from prison. Its really logical too,
             | you put all the crime-graduates in a place together and you
             | think they wont become friends and partners in crime?
        
               | master-lincoln wrote:
               | > Its really logical too, you put all the crime-graduates
               | in a place together and you think they wont become
               | friends and partners in crime?
               | 
               | Maybe, but the question was a different one: are group
               | dynamics in a gang in a prison the same as in a gang
               | outside the prison?
        
               | aetherson wrote:
               | Street gangs are really fascinating, and aren't, like,
               | "well-oiled crime machines" in general.
               | 
               | Economically, you have to understand some of the function
               | of a street gang as we currently understand them: it is
               | to be able to provide retail drug sales without either
               | elaborate vetting of clients (which many potential
               | clients will be unable to comply with), and without
               | having the police be able to trivially shut it down.
               | 
               | The thing that makes this work is the use of juveniles to
               | take the money/hand off the drugs. The police can easily
               | find and arrest them, but they don't suffer prison
               | sentences or unsealed criminal records as a result.
               | Adults monitor the process but do not handle the drugs or
               | money out in the open, so it is non-trivial to arrest
               | them.
               | 
               | As a result, gangs have to be attractive to juveniles
               | (almost exclusively boys), and function in a lot of ways
               | as a social group and/or a somewhat violent community
               | sports team (the sport in question being "having
               | fistfights with other gangs"). Adult criminals who lead
               | the gang push towards more serious violence with economic
               | goals (eg: seizing the most valuable territory) and less
               | social activities, the teenagers who are in the gang push
               | towards more recreational violence and more social
               | activities. Depending on what the size of the economic
               | opportunity is in the area, you get more or less
               | professional-seeming gangs.
               | 
               | So for example you see all this kind of D&D-like creation
               | of iconography and myths in street gangs, strange coded
               | symbols that they use in graffiti and superstitious
               | beliefs (Bloods avoiding the use of the letter "c" in
               | their words because it evokes their rivals the Crips),
               | that I, at least, felt an undeniable resonance with in
               | terms of my own adolescence. This doesn't serve an
               | economic rationale and I think that adult gang leaders
               | mostly are annoyed with it as a distraction, but reflects
               | the interests and proclivities of the rank-and-file
               | members.
               | 
               | You also need most of the teenagers to age out of the
               | gang and leave (the gang can't absorb lots of adult
               | members), which means being somewhat relaxed about entry
               | and exit to the gang.
               | 
               | Absent an economic rationale for the gang, like prior to
               | the rise of organized drug sales, my understanding is
               | that teenage-dominated gangs were in general just social
               | circles for malcontent teenage males, who largely did,
               | like, vandalism and antisocial pranks, not Real Big
               | Serious Crime.
               | 
               | Prison gangs, lacking the juvenile component, seem to me
               | to be seriously different, though I've never read much
               | about them.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | It's fairly common historically for gangs to arise out of
               | organized communal self-defense that itself happens in
               | response to some threat. Once the threat is gone, the
               | structure remains in place and members keep looking for
               | ways to apply their newly acquired skills, with
               | protection racket being a popular choice.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | Why wouldn't it be?
             | 
             | You go to prison and have your rights stripped away and you
             | pretty much have nothing. As much as gangs use violence
             | they also provide protection and friendship.
             | 
             | Now you get out of prison and you have that big old
             | criminal stain on your record. You're having trouble
             | surviving and making enough, but you remember your new gang
             | friends tell you to find a guy when you're out and he can
             | help you. Congratulations, the circle is complete.
        
               | skyyler wrote:
               | So you feel like it's true, and have constructed a model
               | in your mind to explain why. Very interesting! Thank you
               | for sharing.
        
               | llbeansandrice wrote:
               | "Why not?" Isn't evidence and there's a burden of proof
               | that goes with the above claim.
        
         | Gibbon1 wrote:
         | I remember as a kid listening to adults talk about gender
         | relations and thinking, you guys are talking about cattle and
         | dogs.
        
         | ninetyninenine wrote:
         | The flaw with the OP's article is that Alphas are not only
         | observed in captive wolves. They are observed in MANY wild
         | animal groups and even observed among humans.
         | 
         | I mean the first thing that comes to mind is lions and
         | gorillas. Also CEOs in human societies. I mean are they not
         | alphas? Don't we structure our teams according to leaders?
         | Alphas litter human society and organizations. I feel the
         | author is blind not to be able to see the highly pyramidal
         | structure of alphas that encompasses every facet of human
         | culture.
        
           | wavefunction wrote:
           | bunch of submissive in the sheets CEOs? as long as we're
           | operating on feelings and emotions here the whole thing is
           | dimwitted bullshit psychological theory
        
           | astahlx wrote:
           | Lions? Females rule the groups there. See
           | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskBiology/s/M1VsH34t5Y
        
             | ninetyninenine wrote:
             | That articles says females do the hunting and getting food
             | for the male while males only handle territory.
             | 
             | That's equivalent to the male on the couch watching TV with
             | a shotgun on his lap defending his territory and the
             | females going hunting (aka kitchen) to make the husband a
             | sandwich.
             | 
             | Joking aside the males are the leaders. How do I know? They
             | kill the kids on arrival and the females can't do fuck
             | shit.
        
               | nosianu wrote:
               | > _That articles says females do the hunting and getting
               | food for the male while males only handle territory._
               | That articles says females do the hunting and getting
               | food for the male while males only handle territory.*
               | 
               | That's a myth.
               | 
               | Male lions _do_ hunt. When hunting alone and not as
               | "heavy support" for the females, they use different
               | strategies than the females, and do it in a different
               | environment. I read an article from a researcher about
               | that in particular, can't remember any context to find it
               | quickly though.
               | 
               | There are many (scientific and casual) articles like that
               | though:
               | 
               | - https://singita.com/archive/wildlife/wildlife-
               | mythbusters-ta...
               | 
               | - https://medium.com/@shelldonwells/do-male-lions-
               | hunt-e9f5ea5...
        
           | ada1981 wrote:
           | Ahoy. I agree that humans aren't wolves.
           | 
           | For a good primer on hierarchy dynamics in human systems, I
           | recommend Tribal Leadership by Dave Logan.
           | 
           | In what Logan calls stage 3 leadership, organizations cluster
           | around individual "rockstar" people - and this is the vast
           | majority of human organizations.. they estimate 80%.
           | 
           | In Stage 4, it's all rockstar people organized around values
           | vs. a person.
           | 
           | You certainly still have people who have authority through
           | competency, but people aren't granted authority based purely
           | on "position".
           | 
           | Stage 4 culture are the best in the world, and learning how
           | to build them is a worthwhile skill.
        
           | Avshalom wrote:
           | Lions, gorillas don't recapitulate "alpha"s and CEOs are a
           | legal not natural construct.
        
             | ninetyninenine wrote:
             | The legal document is a natural construct born out of the
             | moral and behavioral instincts humans have.
        
             | fsckboy wrote:
             | CEOs are not a legal construct, that's the "President" of a
             | corp, or the "Chairman of the Board". CEO is a popular
             | sobriquet because it sounds cooler.
        
               | Avshalom wrote:
               | Incorporations are legal constructs. Any position in one
               | is even more so.
        
               | fsckboy wrote:
               | Corporations are required by law to have Presidents and
               | Chairmen. That is the legal construct.
               | 
               | They are not required to have CEOs who therefore sit on
               | shakier legal ground.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Corporations are required by law to have Presidents
               | and Chairmen_
               | 
               | Varies by jurisdiction. Common ones are a president,
               | secretary and treasurer. (They can be the same person.)
        
           | ants_everywhere wrote:
           | Don't CEOs spend a lot of their time groveling to investors
           | for money?
        
             | ninetyninenine wrote:
             | We live in a hierarchical pyramid where there are alphas
             | managing sub alphas and this happens at multiple
             | resolutions within our society.
             | 
             | The ceos are groveling to investors, aka billionaires. I
             | guess those guys are the true alphas.
        
               | ants_everywhere wrote:
               | For some public companies retail share holders also have
               | to be groveled to.
               | 
               | I don't have an overall point here other than that power
               | isn't as simple as some people want it to be. You command
               | a ship until there's a mutiny. There are hierarchies, but
               | that's only one way of slicing things. It's more about a
               | set of several feedback loops that nobody explicitly
               | understands.
        
               | ninetyninenine wrote:
               | Of course it's not simple. But alphas and betas are
               | intrinsic to society and that's my point.
               | 
               | You will see that society converges towards alphas. There
               | have been attempts to make everything egalitarian but it
               | doesn't last and alphas pop up everywhere. Heck you can't
               | even make a purely voting society where society votes on
               | everything. Instead everyone votes for an alpha. Aka
               | trump.
        
               | myvoiceismypass wrote:
               | Citations, please. This may be a US-centric site, but
               | that does not mean all societies on this planet behave
               | like Americans.
        
               | ninetyninenine wrote:
               | Capital by Thomas Picketty. He's French.
               | 
               | I don't like your tone. When you say not everyone behaves
               | like Americans you sound like you're implying superiority
               | as if Americans don't behave well and I have to conform
               | to your version of good behavior. Change your tone or I
               | won't continue with you.
        
               | yndoendo wrote:
               | You just redefined alpha as a person with money.
               | 
               | I would argue that the wealthy which hold loans based on
               | stock collateral are holding debt and not credit. US
               | banking laws are just hiding the fact. So a number of
               | rich people you define as alpha are not really alpha
               | because of debt vs credit imbalance.
               | 
               | This means the person spending money while going through
               | Disney World are alpha.
        
               | ninetyninenine wrote:
               | Bro I define an alpha as someone who leads and controls
               | others. Someone people follow whether by will or by force
               | or because they are paid a salary.
               | 
               | You're just being pedantic. I don't need to explain to
               | you why people intrinsically know Elon musk is an alpha
               | and the person going to Disney world is a beta.
        
               | throw4847285 wrote:
               | It is hilarious to see people use bro pseudo-science to
               | reconstruct dialectical materialism.
        
               | darkerside wrote:
               | This is a very not HN comment
        
               | ninetyninenine wrote:
               | Sure HNers hate Elon for various reasons. But overall
               | some random dude who goes to disney world versus A
               | billionaire who caught a rocket and makes stupid tweets
               | online.... Let's be real here about what "society"
               | defines as alpha, not some HNers backwater opinion.
               | 
               | ANd even that HNer knows his contrary opinion is
               | backwater. Trump and Elon get a lot of hate, but they are
               | leaders on the apex of the human status hierarchy.
        
               | blackqueeriroh wrote:
               | > Trump and Elon get a lot of hate, but they are leaders
               | on the apex of the human status hierarchy.
               | 
               | Trump can't spell "Colombia" and Elon is, at best, an
               | idiot savant.
        
               | myvoiceismypass wrote:
               | When I think of "leaders of the human status hierarchy",
               | I do not think of a man who spends his entire day online
               | trolling people, regardless of whether he is worth
               | billions or not. Similarly, I don't picture a guy that
               | wears lifts because he is ashamed of his height, or who
               | paints his face orange, to be that "apex" either.
        
               | myvoiceismypass wrote:
               | I'm really confused as to how trips to Disney are
               | entering the conversation here. What does that have to do
               | with any of this discussion?
        
               | vpribish wrote:
               | look, HN, stop feeding the troll. he's tweaking you -
               | just shun him
        
               | yndoendo wrote:
               | To me the Alpha Mentality is just stupidity in another
               | Yes-Man form.
               | 
               | Seems you hold the alpha mentality deeply and respect
               | those you seem as alpha. By your own logic, cult leaders
               | are alpha and should be respected.
               | 
               | Respect can only be earned, continuously reinforced, and
               | lost in a single moment. Respect cannot be demanded or
               | forcefully requested.
               | 
               | Watch the first episode of "Band of Brothers". Who would
               | you want as a leader, the alpha, one with power, Captain
               | Herbert Sobel or 2nd Lutenaint Richard Winters, the one
               | without power?
        
           | error_logic wrote:
           | The thing is that when someone has to work hard to seem Alpha
           | they are instead revealing their insecurity--the need to
           | compensate to hide vulnerability.
           | 
           | Some people play into that game, others see through it.
        
             | ninetyninenine wrote:
             | Alphas are just leaders. Whether they have vulnerabilities
             | is orthogonal to the fact that they control and lead the
             | pack. Whether it's through force or pay.
             | 
             | Do you have a good boss that you like who's a good person?
             | He's an alpha. You're a beta if you're under him. Do you
             | have a boss who's an ass hole who got pegged and raped by
             | his uncle when he was a kid and now he's taking all that
             | pent up humiliation on you? Yeah he has a big
             | vulnerability. But. He. Is. Still. An. Alpha.
             | 
             | It's not a game. Games are for friend groups and kids. I'm
             | talking about the economic engine that builds civilization
             | itself. That engine is made up of a hierarchy of alphas and
             | betas.
        
               | jonnybgood wrote:
               | That's not how the word alpha is used colloquially. I
               | believe error_logic is referring to its colloquial usage.
        
               | ninetyninenine wrote:
               | The colloquial usage is leaders. Not people with
               | insecurities.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | _A_ colloquial usage is leaders.
               | 
               | Another common colloquial usage is total self obsessed
               | wanker.
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | The only colloquial usage I've seen is that it is someone
               | who has the ability to demand that others perform a
               | public display of obedience to them. Like every time I've
               | seen somebody unironically refer to themself as an
               | "alpha," it's always had that underlying connotation of
               | "Respect Me!" And every time I've seen someone mocking
               | somebody else for being an "alpha," it's because, well,
               | that respect was clearly undeserved.
        
               | ninetyninenine wrote:
               | Right but the term here is used to categorize
               | human/animal hierarchies/behavior in an objective
               | context. No one is here projecting their alphaness onto
               | others. Clearly.
        
               | earnestinger wrote:
               | > Like every time I've seen somebody unironically refer
               | to themself as an "your leader," it's always had that
               | underlying connotation of "Respect Me!" And every time
               | I've seen someone mocking somebody else for being an "my
               | leader," it's because, well, that respect was clearly
               | undeserved.
               | 
               | I think same sentiment persists when alpha->"your leader"
               | replacement is made.
        
               | fenomas wrote:
               | > Alphas are just leaders
               | 
               | If you redefine alpha to just mean "leader", then the
               | claim that CEOs are alphas is obviously true, but also
               | meaningless.
               | 
               | But the theory TFA is about was not just that wolf packs
               | had a leader. It made a bunch of other claims, as TFA
               | describes, and those other parts (that you're excluding)
               | are what's considered debunked.
        
               | ninetyninenine wrote:
               | There's no redefinition here. When we refer to animals in
               | every context, alphas are leaders. There's no
               | "redefinition" going on here at all. What's going on is
               | you're not able to see how alphas apply to human society.
               | You're not able to jump the intellectual gap to identify,
               | "hey if packs of animals have alphas, what's the human
               | equivalent?"
               | 
               | I attempted to jump that gap for you, but you're not able
               | to see it.
               | 
               | >But the theory TFA is about was not just that wolf packs
               | had a leader. It made a bunch of other claims, as TFA
               | describes, and those other parts (that you're excluding)
               | are what's considered debunked.
               | 
               | And he applies that to humans without considering alphas
               | in other animal hierarchies. He implies that the entire
               | theoretical concept of alphas comes ONLY from wolves and
               | once he debunks wolves (with no citations) he debunks the
               | entire concept of what an alpha is. Riiggght.
        
               | cbsmith wrote:
               | > There's no redefinition here. When we refer to animals
               | in every context, alphas are leaders.
               | 
               | Yes, there is a redefinition. The context of Alpha Wolf
               | was based on the notion of a dominance hierarchy, which
               | does occur when unrelated wolves are put together in a
               | confined space. In the wild though, they function more
               | like a family, with no acts of dominance. The breeding
               | pair still lead the pack, but not through dominance.
               | 
               | https://web.archive.org/web/20051214072331/http://www.npw
               | rc....
        
               | ninetyninenine wrote:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42848939
        
               | cbsmith wrote:
               | That'd be relevant if it pointed to a problem with the
               | etymology of the term Alpha Wolf.
        
               | earnestinger wrote:
               | Dominance != aggression
               | 
               | (South park had interesting episode on that)
        
               | HWR_14 wrote:
               | Which episode are you thinking of?
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | Have you actually read the article? He does give a
               | citation to the same author who initially coined the term
               | alpha wolf.
               | 
               | And redefining alpha to just mean leader is a
               | redefinition, as written in the article the term
               | originates from the alpha wolf who achieved dominance
               | through overtly aggressive behaviour (which does not
               | match with how wolves behave in the wild).
               | 
               | It's ironic that you bring up CEOs etc as proof that
               | there's alphas, when the whole premise of the article is
               | that recent structuring of human society is based on an
               | this wrong view that the aggressive dominance is
               | "natural" and what is required for leaders
        
               | ninetyninenine wrote:
               | >Have you actually read the article? He does give a
               | citation to the same author who initially coined the term
               | alpha wolf.
               | 
               | I meant link to source. Like point me to the place where
               | he defined it that way. Instead he just made a claim
               | without a citation.
               | 
               | For example:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42848939
               | 
               | These are citations proving my point.
        
               | fenomas wrote:
               | > What's going on is you're not able to see how alphas
               | apply to human society. You're not able to jump the
               | intellectual gap to identify, "hey if packs of animals
               | have alphas, what's the human equivalent?"
               | 
               | I literally just pointed out that if you are defining
               | alpha to mean "leader" then it's meaningless to then
               | claim that leaders are alphas. That was the comment.
        
               | earnestinger wrote:
               | > if you are defining alpha to mean "leader"
               | 
               | Could you elaborate what is the meaning of "alpha"? (I
               | sense there is definition, that is being kept secret from
               | me)
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Could you elaborate what is the meaning of "alpha"?_
               | 
               | There isn't a fixed definition [1]. Most definitions
               | reference dominance, _e.g._ Merriam-Webster [2].
               | (Annoyingly, dominance also has different meanings in
               | anthropology, animal ethology, sociology and common use.)
               | 
               | But due to the term being relatively new, adopted from
               | animal ethology, co-tiopted by the memeverse and now
               | being politically charged, you're basically walking into
               | semantic ground zero by using the term.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_and_beta_male
               | 
               | [2] https://www.merriam-
               | webster.com/dictionary/alpha#word-histor...
        
               | bbwbsb wrote:
               | (Dominance-related) insecurity is being pathologically
               | averse to being seen as weak, which leads to preferring
               | dominance as form over dominance as function. If the meek
               | hippie gets everything he wants from his wife, his
               | neighbors, his peers, etc., and the physically impressive
               | traditional man is ignored and rejected, then the hippie
               | is more dominant (i.e., leading and getting what he
               | wants) than the traditional man (even if he is abusing
               | his wife the whole time she laughs at him).
               | 
               | The actually effective strategies are available to the
               | insecure but shunned and rejected because they cannot be
               | tolerated, creating a self-imposed impotence.
               | 
               | The word alpha, in almost every context I've observed, is
               | used exclusively to refer to such dominance as form,
               | especially in substitution for dominance as function.
               | i.e., it is applied almost exclusively to people who are
               | definitionally _not_ dominant.
               | 
               | The only exception I have encountered is women-focused
               | kink literature which, being fantasy, maintains that
               | dominance as form is dominance as function so as to make
               | sexual fantasies seem more real.
               | 
               | In short: you are describing a kink, not real life.
               | Though I consider that you might be joking too; I really
               | can't tell.
        
               | ninetyninenine wrote:
               | >In short: you are describing a kink, not real life.
               | Though I consider that you might be joking too; I really
               | can't tell.
               | 
               | The fact that you said this means you're out of touch
               | with reality. Let me provide evidence about how wrong you
               | are: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42848939
               | 
               | Literally you can go to the dictionary yourself and look
               | up the definition to see how baseless your argument is.
               | 
               | I don't know why you people are just pulling this bs out
               | of thin air. It can't be just BS is several people are
               | coming from your angle despite extraordinary evidence to
               | the contrary. Maybe it's just shared victimhood. Were you
               | bullied by these types of people before?
        
               | hackable_sand wrote:
               | They are right though. You are describing a kink.
        
               | gilleain wrote:
               | > I don't know why you people are just pulling this bs
               | out of thin air.
               | 
               | "Am I so out of touch? No. It's the children who are
               | wrong." - Principal Skinner
        
               | bbwbsb wrote:
               | I call it a kink because I attract women with the kink.
               | 
               | I'm referring to pragmatics not semantics; the use of
               | dictionary definitions is a category error.
               | 
               | No, I was not bullied. People like I describe would
               | posture, I would raise my eyebrow and wait, and then they
               | would treat me nice and pretend it didn't happen.
               | Dominance as form outside the bedroom is remarkably
               | ineffective. That's why I call it dominance as form.
               | 
               | "When a diplomat says yes, he means 'perhaps'; When he
               | says perhaps, he means 'no'; When he says no, he is not a
               | diplomat. --Voltaire (Quoted, in Spanish, in Escandell
               | 1993.)
               | 
               | These lines -- also attributed to H. L. Mencken and Carl
               | Jung -- may or may not be fair to diplomats, but are
               | surely correct in reminding us that more is involved in
               | what one communicates than what one literally says; more
               | is involved in what one means than the standard,
               | conventional meaning of the words one uses. The words
               | 'yes,' 'perhaps,' and 'no' each has a perfectly
               | identifiable meaning, known by every speaker of English
               | (including not very competent ones). However, as those
               | lines illustrate, it is possible for different speakers
               | in different circumstances to mean different things using
               | those words. How is this possible? What's the
               | relationship among the meaning of words, what speakers
               | mean when uttering those words, the particular
               | circumstances of their utterance, their intentions, their
               | actions, and what they manage to communicate? These are
               | some of the questions that pragmatics tries to answer;
               | the sort of questions that, roughly speaking, serve to
               | characterize the field of pragmatics."[1]
               | 
               | --
               | 
               | 1: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pragmatics/
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | > Alphas are just leaders.
               | 
               | No they are not. There are plenty of leaders who are not
               | alphas and they lead organizations that achieve good
               | things.
               | 
               | Alphas are generally just assholes who want to be
               | leaders. They usually lead self selected friends who
               | crave their validation and people with healthy boundaries
               | just nope out of those systems.
        
           | jrmg wrote:
           | It seems clear in all your replies here that you see 'alpha'
           | as a synonym for 'leader', and as a somewhat relative term
           | (like, my boss is an alpha to me, and a beta to their boss).
           | Given your definition, of course it's obvious that it apples
           | to many facets of human society. Leaders and followers are
           | all around us.
           | 
           | But in popular discourse there's also a sense of 'alphas'
           | getting into their position by violence or assholery that I
           | think your definition is missing.
           | 
           | Even in scientific discourse, there is the idea that 'alphas'
           | must gain their position by dominance - not by other methods
           | (prestige, age, etc).
           | 
           | People use words in different ways, so in a way your
           | definition is as good as any other, but (as with anything
           | language related) you can't really insist on it if others
           | think it means something different and you want to have
           | reasonable conversations with them (ironically, insisting on
           | your definition seems like an attempt to assert dominance).
           | 
           | Edit: removed some snark, sorry. But I'll also add: the
           | article uses the scientific usage I mentioned above: wild
           | real wolf pack 'leaders' aren't 'alphas' because they don't
           | maintain their position by dominating the other wolves.
        
             | ninetyninenine wrote:
             | The claim that "alpha" is defined as requiring violence or
             | assholery is incorrect, and this is backed by scientific
             | studies, dictionary definitions, and leadership psychology
             | research. Here's why:
             | 
             | 1. Official Dictionary Definitions Oxford English
             | Dictionary (OED): Alpha (in social contexts):
             | "A person who assumes a dominant role in a particular
             | group, especially one who is respected or influential."
             | 
             | Oxford English Dictionary - Alpha Definition
             | 
             | Merriam-Webster Dictionary: Alpha (as in 'Alpha
             | Male/Female'):                  "The most dominant,
             | powerful, or assertive person in a particular group."
             | 
             | Merriam-Webster - Alpha Definition
             | 
             | Nowhere in these definitions does it state that an alpha
             | must use violence or aggression to gain dominance.
             | 
             | 2. Scientific Studies on Leadership & Alpha Behavior Study:
             | Dominance Hierarchies in Social Animals Dugatkin, L. A.
             | (1997). "Winner and Loser Effects and the Structure of
             | Dominance Hierarchies." Behavioral Ecology, 8(5), 583-587.
             | "Dominance hierarchies in animal and human groups are often
             | established through social signaling, resource control, and
             | cooperation rather than brute force."
             | 
             | Dugatkin, 1997
             | 
             | Study: Leadership Without Aggression in the Animal Kingdom
             | Smith, J. E. et al. (2016). "Obligate Sociality Without
             | Cooperation: Insights From Other Taxa." Behavioral Ecology,
             | 27(1), 1-14.                  "Alphas are often those who
             | exhibit superior social intelligence, cooperation, and
             | decision-making ability rather than reliance on aggressive
             | behaviors."
             | 
             | Smith et al., 2016
             | 
             | These studies explicitly state that alphas do NOT require
             | violence to gain or maintain their status.
             | 
             | 3. Leadership Psychology: Alphas Lead Without Coercion
             | Goleman, D. (1995). "Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can
             | Matter More Than IQ." Bantam Books.                  "True
             | leaders, or 'alphas' in human social dynamics, are those
             | who possess high emotional intelligence, resilience, and
             | ability to influence without coercion."
             | 
             | Goleman, 1995
             | 
             | Bass, B. M. (1990). "From Transactional to Transformational
             | Leadership: Learning to Share the Vision." Organizational
             | Dynamics, 18(3), 19-31.                  "Successful
             | leadership is based on vision, respect, and strategy.
             | Coercion and force are indicative of weak leadership rather
             | than true dominance."
             | 
             | Bass, 1990
             | 
             | These sources define "alpha" as a leader who influences
             | others positively, not through aggression.
             | 
             | 4. Debunking the Claim That "Alpha" = Violence L. David
             | Mech (1999). "Alpha Status, Dominance, and Division of
             | Labor in Wolf Packs." "The term 'alpha' is often
             | misunderstood. In both animals and humans, successful
             | leadership is based on intelligence, decision-making
             | ability, and social bonding--not brute force."
             | 
             | Mech, 1999
             | 
             | This refutes the claim that alpha = inherently violent.
             | 
             | Final Conclusion: The Definition of "Alpha" Does NOT
             | Require Violence Dictionaries define "alpha" as dominance
             | through leadership, not necessarily aggression. Scientific
             | studies show that dominance in social animals is often
             | achieved through cooperation and intelligence. Leadership
             | psychology research confirms that true human "alphas" lead
             | through respect and influence, not assholery. The idea that
             | "alpha" = "violent dictator" is a pop culture myth, not
             | backed by science or formal definitions.
        
               | oguz-ismail wrote:
               | Except all living things are inherently violent and
               | knowing when to apply what amount of violence is part of
               | being socially intelligent.
        
               | ninetyninenine wrote:
               | Violence is an effective strategy. One of many. It's not
               | stable but it has been used successfully in human
               | history. The thing is you can't have a society that's
               | constantly violent all the time forever and ever. Those
               | tend to self select via natural selection.
               | 
               | You can have societies be temporarily violent like how
               | Americans slaughtered and killed Native Americans and
               | took over the continent. The formation of the USA comes
               | from this type of effective violence. Who would be the
               | alphas in this case? the native americans? Or the ones
               | that invaded? I know I'm a bit on the nose here, but this
               | is just reality.
        
               | oezi wrote:
               | Citation needed. Such a vast generalization seems
               | obviously false.
               | 
               | I don't even think the concept of violence makes sense
               | when the being causing it has sufficient cognition.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | Strange take.
               | 
               | Violence is like a key on a piano. You were born with it.
               | You can choose not to play that note, but it is always
               | there, it is never not there.
               | 
               | You can choose to play great melodies without the
               | violence note. You can choose to play melodies with the
               | violence note. You can be forced in a corner and have no
               | option but to hammer the violence key until the strings
               | scream.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Official Dictionary Definitions Oxford English
               | Dictionary (OED): Alpha (in social contexts): "A person
               | who assumes a dominant role in a particular group,
               | especially one who is respected or influential."_
               | 
               | Do you have a link for this definition? I'm unable to
               | find it or the one you attribute to Merriam-Webster on
               | their websites.
               | 
               | (Their websites are shit. I'm curious about the dates
               | around those definitions.)
        
               | ellen364 wrote:
               | Dugatkin, "Winner and Loser Effects and the Structure of
               | Dominance Hierarchies" was an interesting read this
               | morning. Thanks for the reference.
               | 
               | The main thing I take away from the paper is that (in
               | computer simulations) bigger winner effects and bigger
               | loser effects lead to strongly defined hierarchies. Fewer
               | subjects have ambiguous positions.
               | 
               | I'm not sure the paper speaks much to which strategies
               | (e.g. violence vs cooperation) are more common or
               | effective.
        
               | glenstein wrote:
               | Right, it seems to entirely abstract away the nature of
               | the interactions themselves, and is modeling how changes
               | to position in hierarchy unfold over time with repeated
               | wins or losses. It's not speaking to the nature of the
               | interaction itself, and so not really taking sides on
               | whether it does or doesn't involve such things as force,
               | toughness, etc.
        
               | cutemonster wrote:
               | > These sources define "alpha" as a leader who influences
               | others positively, not through aggression.
               | 
               | No? Look:
               | 
               | Your Merriam-Webster quote (although I can't find it
               | online)
               | 
               | "the most dominant, powerful, or assertive person"
               | 
               | That's not becoming a leader by being helpful and getting
               | people's trust.
               | 
               | It's instead dominance and assertiveness, that's
               | something else.
               | 
               | I think you mistakenly what to have the word "alpha" mean
               | the same thing as "leader". But I think that's not how
               | people in general look at these words.
        
               | glenstein wrote:
               | I just checked your #2 Dugatkin. I am only able to access
               | the abstract [0] (though interested in the full article
               | as you appear to be quoting from part of it which is not
               | publicly available).
               | 
               | It does not at all represent itself as even taking a
               | specific side on the meaning of "alpha" let alone testify
               | to an academic consensus of any decisive proof one way or
               | the other. It doesn't even have anything to do with the
               | study itself at all.
               | 
               | The line you quoted seems more like an aside. The study
               | was apparently about a simulated game theoretic model,
               | and even refers to the units in the simulation as
               | "combatants". It is an attempt to model and simulate
               | "winner effects" and "loser effects" in tandem over time.
               | It's mostly interested in contrasting this approach with
               | models that only deal with "winner effects" or "loser
               | effects" but not their simultaneous dynamics.
               | 
               | It ends with a modest expression of hope to spur future
               | similar studies and is not even pretending to venture
               | anything like a final definition of "alpha", let alone
               | represent the full weight of academic consensus on that
               | question. Citing it for that purpose feels like drive-by
               | quote mining.
               | 
               | 0. https://academic.oup.com/beheco/article-
               | abstract/8/6/583/208...
        
             | glenstein wrote:
             | >you see 'alpha' as a synonym for 'leader'
             | 
             | I mean that's all true enough, but their point, at least
             | narrowly read as a general observation about animals,
             | stands. There are ample examples in nature of dominance
             | hierarchies, even if wolves aren't one of them.
             | 
             | Of course, as you note, looking to these examples as a
             | basis for a personal ethos for tough guy psychology is
             | error riddled in so many ways you could write a book
             | unpacking it all. (E.g. why choose other animals remote
             | from the lineage of apes to which we belong, why for that
             | matter not just study humans in the first place, why hitch
             | _any_ ethos to what happens in nature, why not look at what
             | it says about people who seem to need to indulge in this
             | search, etc.)
             | 
             | It's good to show that this argument fails on its own terms
             | with its own chosen example, but getting into that kind of
             | back and forth risks implicitly agreeing that it _would_ be
             | right to think that way, should such an example be found in
             | nature. And those examples _do_ exist in nature even if not
             | necessarily with wolves.
             | 
             | But as you noted that doesn't have anything to do with
             | better or worse, right or wrong, and is completely lacking
             | in self-awareness about the _actual_ psychological dynamics
             | that causes people to need these kinds of narratives.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _first thing that comes to mind is lions and gorillas_
           | 
           | Better ones are chickens and horses. (Females, I believe, in
           | both cases.)
           | 
           | Gorillas have a variety of social structures, only one which
           | involves the Silverback fighting for dominance [1]. With
           | lions, meanwhile, the females eat first [2].
           | 
           | > _are they not alphas? Don 't we structure our teams
           | according to leaders?_
           | 
           | Leaders, yes. Hotheads, no. The "alpha" hypothesis states
           | that the most aggressive rises to the top.
           | 
           | [1] https://gorillas-world.com/gorilla-social-structure/
           | 
           | [2] https://www.felineworlds.com/lion-social-structure/
        
             | ninetyninenine wrote:
             | nah I've seen hotheads as leaders. It's not
             | straightforward.
             | 
             | See here on what an alpha is:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42848939
             | 
             | Also for chickens, I've raised chickens. Trust me the
             | rooster is the leader and that thing is a male.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _I 've seen hotheads as leaders_
               | 
               | Of course. Nobody argued aggression isn't effective. The
               | argument is it isn't _the_ effective strategy, just one
               | among many.
               | 
               | > _See here on what an alpha is_
               | 
               | You're taking a definition that arose from animal
               | observations and then filtered through anthropological
               | and management academia. Colloquial, academic and
               | industry definitions have diverged on this term; it's
               | probably being redefined in American English right now.
               | 
               | > _Also for chickens, I 've raised chickens_
               | 
               | Chickens are the correct analogy. If you're leading a
               | team of people who remind you of chickens, leading with
               | aggression works. (Not exaggerating. Some situations
               | respond well to _e.g._ raising one's voice or acting out
               | frustration.)
               | 
               | As your sources show, that isn't necessary for
               | leadership.
        
               | ninetyninenine wrote:
               | >You're taking a definition that arose from animal
               | observations and then filtered through anthropological
               | and management academia. Colloquial, academic and
               | industry definitions have diverged on this term; it's
               | probably being redefined in American English right now.
               | 
               | I cited two dictionaries as well.
               | 
               | >Chickens are the correct analogy. If you're leading a
               | team of people who remind you of chickens, leading with
               | aggression works. (Not exaggerating. Some situations
               | respond well to e.g. raising one's voice or acting out
               | frustration.)
               | 
               | Analogies were never part of the equation. You know they
               | weren't. You were talking about animals explicitly not
               | animals as an analogy. I feel you're trolling.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _I cited two dictionaries as well_
               | 
               | Those are point-in-time snapshots. The Wikipedia article
               | expands on the term's etymology [1].
               | 
               | (If you can provide links to those definitions I'll help
               | look up when they were adopted. I couldn't find the
               | definition you quoted on Webster's website [2], for
               | example.)
               | 
               | > _Analogies were never part of the equation_
               | 
               | The term _is_ an analogy. That 's the point. There was a
               | term in animal ethology that was popularised to the point
               | it entered mainstream use. Synonymising alpha to
               | leadership, moreover, is even _more_ recent and mostly
               | occuring in American English (and now, with partisan
               | flair).
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_and_beta_male
               | 
               | [2] https://www.merriam-
               | webster.com/dictionary/alpha#word-histor...
        
           | Rury wrote:
           | The article isn't wrong about captivity/freedom, although
           | alphas are certainly thing.
           | 
           | Hierarchies are naturally born out of confrontations and how
           | they're settled, and captivity (ie scarcity) breeds
           | confrontations. If two separate entities have opposing wants
           | which cannot be satisfied simultaneously (ie are mutually
           | exclusive), how do you determine who get's what they want?
           | Well, naturally some kind of fight happens. Which either
           | involves displays of intimidation, threats, arguments, or
           | acts of violence (ie aggression).
           | 
           | Naturally, living organisms value life and consider risks
           | which threaten their livelihood, and so, these situations are
           | always an assessment of wants, such as "is my want for the
           | last piece of food, greater than my want to avoid fighting my
           | opponent?" Or, "Am I willing to risk dying for this? Do I
           | need this food, do I need to fight this opponent or can I get
           | food elsewhere before dying of starvation?".
           | 
           | As so, animals typically use violence as a last resort for
           | settling disputes, unless the risks are so low as to be play
           | (ie you're certain to win). It should therefore not be
           | surprising that captive animals (or animals backed into a
           | corner) feel obligated to fight, as they have few
           | alternatives to avoid confrontation. Whereas, non-captive
           | animals, by being more free, are better able to avoid a
           | direct confrontation, and therefore exhibit less acts of
           | aggression.
           | 
           | An alpha, just happens to be those who win disputes
           | repeatedly, and opponents or potential opponents have learned
           | to be intimidated by them, and so cede disputes to them when
           | they arise without fighting. A hierarchy is thus naturally
           | formed from repeated disputes.
        
             | ada1981 wrote:
             | Thanks for this.
             | 
             | There has been some research that shows primates are more
             | likely to cooperate in scarcity and compete during
             | abundance.
             | 
             | Not universal and other factors are at play, but chimps
             | generally prefer to cooperate vs compete.
             | 
             | I argue that the 2 greatest factors for human survival have
             | been our creativity and cooperation.
             | 
             | We run an AI Research Lab every week where this is a
             | central theme, helping folks navigate uncertainty through a
             | focus on creativity and cooperation.
        
           | mattgreenrocks wrote:
           | If CEOs are the alphas, then why are some of them so
           | submissive recently to a certain someone? The alpha male
           | mythos tells me that these men have huge amounts of agency
           | and power and yet...they make a big show of turning
           | themselves into lapdogs? The Internet says thats not alpha
           | behavior!
           | 
           | It's almost as if reality is more nuanced than what 4Chan
           | taught us: CEOs have people they need to answer to, people
           | they're scared of, and that's part of what it means to be a
           | human.
        
         | fhe wrote:
         | another analogy would be: aliens abducting a bunch of humans
         | and recreating the Stanford Prison Experiment and write up on
         | human society based on that, which ends-up reshaping alien
         | culture.
        
           | d0mine wrote:
           | The results are likely to be different (aliens won't try to
           | bias the same way original researchers did).
        
             | ninalanyon wrote:
             | Why not? Evolutionary pressure is likely to be the same
             | elsewhere, why should we think that it will have different
             | consequences?
        
               | pineaux wrote:
               | Dont you love Assembly-theory? Evolution is everywhere
        
           | zdw wrote:
           | I would buy this sci-fi book.
        
             | enragedcacti wrote:
             | The Mercy of Gods by James S.A. Corey is surprisingly close
             | in concept. It's Book 1 of a trilogy by the authors of The
             | Expanse.
        
         | reasonableout wrote:
         | When I was younger I made a switch from IT to teaching at
         | elementary. One of the teachers that guided me, hinted to watch
         | series about a dog trainer to see how he takes the lead, what
         | happens between those. Although I respect that man, that really
         | didn't resonate with me, realizing that I wouldn't want to
         | learn that way; so I don't want to teach that way.
         | 
         | This article explains a lot better how I feel about this than I
         | was able to 15 years ago.
        
           | pmontra wrote:
           | If I may ask, how did you teach back then and how are you
           | teaching now (maybe in the same way)?
        
             | ANewFormation wrote:
             | I'm also curious. When I first taught some younger kids I
             | went in thinking they were like little people... that did
             | not work well.
             | 
             | When I instead started to treat them as glorified chimps,
             | everything went better for them and for me.
             | 
             | In the meantime I'm still somehow expecting that _my_
             | children will behave like little people... Haha, humans
             | really suck at learning, even from our own experiences.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | The key is to realize that they _act and react_ like
               | little chimps, but they are _growing_ into people.
               | 
               | It's a really hard balancing act but with the chimp
               | framework in place, the human development can flourish.
        
               | TremendousJudge wrote:
               | I have no idea how to treat chimps, let alone _glorified_
               | chimps. What does this mean in practical terms?
        
               | iteria wrote:
               | I have a child and I'll be honest it was only when she
               | was like 5 that I'd say that she was more complex than a
               | dog. Small children cannot be reasoned with, only bribed
               | and given sufficient motivation or demotivation via a
               | carefully balanced set of prizes and punishments.
               | 
               | After that she could be reasoned with, but had reduced
               | ability to keep to her intention long term due to lack of
               | experience and inability to imagine outcomes, so a lot of
               | teaching an early elementary schooler involves setting up
               | experiments to demonstrate the wisdom or lack of wisdom
               | in particular actions. At least in my parenting. I
               | imagine this is what is meant.
        
               | sfink wrote:
               | Interesting. In my dealings with younger (and older)
               | kids, thinking of them as little people seems to work
               | well. Little, fully complete people, with many parts
               | dramatically simpler (and more straightforward) than
               | adults.
               | 
               | But then, I also think of adults as glorified chimps.
               | Many parts are somewhat more complex -- though if you
               | look closely enough, you'll see that much of the
               | complexity is more of a veneer than anything deep.
               | 
               | Basic human nature shows through more with kids. Much of
               | human nature is animal nature. Growing up seems to be
               | mostly about setting those impulses against each other
               | and delaying, suppressing, and avoiding the
               | manifestations. In the process, we convince ourselves
               | that we've had earth-shaking fundamental realizations
               | about Truth and Beauty and Morality that lesser beings
               | like children could never comprehend, as we go about our
               | day with a sippy cup of caffeine in one hand, capturing
               | the value that others have created as we lie and deceive
               | to advance our supposedly noble goals, shoulder to
               | shoulder with the rest of the herd.
        
           | curiousllama wrote:
           | If it makes you feel better, I've heard similar advice to
           | manage executives
        
       | micromacrofoot wrote:
       | It's stunning how so much of our own behavior, or at least
       | explanations of it, reference what turns out to be almost
       | entirely false conclusions. It could take 100 years to undo.
        
         | deepsquirrelnet wrote:
         | A more cynical take could be that maybe it fits because we've
         | constructed our own captivity or 'prison conditions' where this
         | tends to emerge.
        
           | zitsarethecure wrote:
           | Out of curiosity, what conditions would you describe as
           | prison-like that would drive someone to adopt an "alpha male"
           | lifestyle in the US?
        
             | deepsquirrelnet wrote:
             | > Consider how this plays out in Silicon Valley, where the
             | "move fast and break things" mentality has created a
             | leadership culture that celebrates disruption over
             | sustainability, dominance over collaboration.
             | 
             | That's how the article phrased it. I'm not certain if I
             | agree or not, but I'm not ready to either accept or dismiss
             | it.
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | Before we start dishing on sociology as junk science, I'd like
         | to point out that a lot of what we consider science as junk
         | science.
         | 
         | For instance, take the myth of RICE to treat injuries. The myth
         | lived for over 30 years before being debunked, but even a
         | decade after it was soundly routed, we still find the advice in
         | the wild.
         | 
         | https://thesportjournal.org/article/the-r-i-c-e-protocol-is-...
        
           | mmooss wrote:
           | > Before we start dishing on sociology as junk science
           | 
           | How is sociology involved in this subthread or the OP? In the
           | OP, the researchers have straightened out the issue and the
           | general public ias confused.
        
           | micromacrofoot wrote:
           | oh yeah not about to do that, in these instances one hand
           | washes the other -- lots of junk sociology is based on junk
           | science
        
         | liuxiansheng wrote:
         | It won't be undone because people want it to be true regardless
         | of evidence. The cat (dog?) is out of the bag.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | Ideology doesn't have to be 100% true to be effective. Goes all
         | the way back to Plato's idea of the "noble lie".
        
           | micromacrofoot wrote:
           | Sometimes doesn't have to be 1% true!
        
       | bulatb wrote:
       | People didn't get their worldview from the myth. They like the
       | myth because it fits their worldview.
        
         | Fricken wrote:
         | >In their natural habitat, wolf packs operated nothing like the
         | prison-yard dynamics he'd observed in the zoo.
         | 
         | Human's aren't in their natural habit most of the time either.
         | "Prison-yard dynamics" is how the public education system
         | functions. This is where our children are socialized.
        
           | mettamage wrote:
           | High school is more complex as there is a life outside it
           | where other dynamics can be observed. At least that's what I
           | noticed and it made me realize that the popularity contest in
           | high school was a farce.
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | > it made me realize that the popularity contest in high
             | school was a farce.
             | 
             | Observing outside life has led me to conclude that the high
             | school popularity contest, is, in fact, the most authentic,
             | freest form of human social behavior.
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | I agree 100%. I could only see it in the last year or
               | two: Instagram allows people to maintain high school
               | popularity in adult life. Before Insta, those people
               | faded into oblivion because there was no global platform
               | to amplify their good looks or likeable personality.
               | (There were still popular, but in much smaller social
               | circles.) After Insta, "high school popular" people can
               | maintain it indefinitely.
        
               | blackqueeriroh wrote:
               | Lmao "I'm mad some people look nicer than me and know how
               | to be kind to people. They suck and are only popular
               | because of Instagram."
               | 
               | My guy, comb your hair, take a shower, put on deodorant
               | and a clean shirt. You're fine.
        
           | ada1981 wrote:
           | I don't disagree of course. And this is less a critique of
           | the individual men vs our current social structure. A good
           | deal of my work is in helping people free themselves,
           | however, this wouldn't be necessary had it not been a life
           | long project of incarceration.
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | I suspect this is part of the reason unschooling is become
           | more popular.
        
             | jojobas wrote:
             | 15% of the 5% homeschooled is not very popular.
        
               | protocolture wrote:
               | Up from 0% before the process was developed.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | are we equating homeschooling to unschooled now? while
               | there are definitely people claiming homeschool while
               | just as a cover for not being in school, that doesn't
               | mean that all homeschool is not educating the kids.
        
               | erikerikson wrote:
               | GP commented on slope, not value, not to mention
               | proportion.
        
               | jojobas wrote:
               | Unschooling has been around for some 50 years. 0.02%/year
               | is one hell of a slope. It's a fad that will pass just as
               | many other fads pass.
        
               | erikerikson wrote:
               | Thanks for some data, do you have a source for that?
               | 
               | Curious prediction.
        
               | jojobas wrote:
               | Googled in 5 minutes.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | See also depressed rats in stressful conditions becoming drug
         | addicts.
        
         | mettamage wrote:
         | I've pondered alpha male theory for a 5 years before having a
         | solid conclusion before or against it. I rejected it. But yea,
         | I really was that socially clueless, it took me 5 years as a
         | late teen of observing and thinking about it to understand that
         | life is more complicated than that and that the idea of alpha
         | males is ridiculous, especially since I saw strong evidence on
         | the contrary (i.e. "beta behaviors" and still having an amazing
         | dating life, etc.).
        
         | altairprime wrote:
         | I appreciated a point I saw a few months ago about how the
         | wolf-derived alpha/beta/etc stuff is a safe way for cis men to
         | experiment with gender identity without risking being labeled
         | queer by other men and having to confront harassment.
        
           | BriggyDwiggs42 wrote:
           | Lmfao that's a great observation. Probably at least a big
           | part of it.
        
       | bandrami wrote:
       | Wasn't there a guy who did the "rats prefer cocaine to food"
       | study but without having the rats isolated in individual cages,
       | and it turns out that no, they don't actually prefer cocaine to
       | food when they aren't (essentially) in solitary?
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Yep.
         | 
         | Hopelessness keeps you on the drugs as much as biochemistry.
         | 
         | Kicking any bad habit is easier if you have something to
         | replace it with.
        
         | UniverseHacker wrote:
         | You're talking about the Rat Park study. That one is also
         | controversial and hasn't successfully replicated. Personally I
         | think the general idea of a connection between emotional trauma
         | and addiction is pretty obvious, but also a but more complex
         | than the Rat Park study implies or assumes.
        
           | mandmandam wrote:
           | > hasn't successfully replicated
           | 
           | To be clear, lots of studies have shown that animals in
           | richer environments do less drugs; though the effect doesn't
           | seem to be as strong as Alexander claimed.
        
       | uqual wrote:
       | We have many real life human "experiments" that can be looked to
       | in determining if the "alpha" concept is a "more successful"
       | model in business. This is particularly true in areas where
       | demand for highly qualified employees outstrips supply - such as
       | many flavors of software development.
       | 
       | If the 'alpha' model is universally detrimental to success in
       | business, it would quickly die out.
       | 
       | However it has not and most modern (and premodern) successful
       | companies (by metrics of growth, profit, income, revenue, PE etc)
       | have been founded and grown by "alpha" leaders and staff.
       | 
       | There are of course exceptions but we would expect the "alpha"
       | model to instead be the exception if it was a less successful way
       | of running a business.
       | 
       | In practice, both can co-exist and as a company matures it may,
       | over time, switch between models.
       | 
       | Some people like the driven competitive environment and seek it
       | out and will tend to end up at enterprises that favor the "alpha"
       | model. Others who dislike such environments will seek out
       | enterprises that utilize alternative models. An individual will
       | likely be more productive in the environment best suited for them
       | and an individual will rarely switch from a strong preference for
       | one of these environments to a strong preference for an
       | alternative environment.
       | 
       | If there is substantial dissatisfaction on the part of workers
       | with the "alpha" model and an alternative model would be more
       | productive and successful, startups would blossom that use
       | alternative models and hire away the cream of the crop of the
       | "alpha" companies' employees.
        
         | stackghost wrote:
         | >However it has not and most modern (and premodern) successful
         | companies (by metrics of growth, profit, income, revenue, PE
         | etc) have been founded and grown by "alpha" leaders and staff.
         | 
         | Citation needed. By my estimation, the overwhelming majority of
         | CEOs are doughy, effete city slickers who are the exact
         | opposite of the prototypical "alpha male" image.
         | 
         | Zuckerberg, with his MMA training, might be the only one I can
         | think of that fits the stereotype.
         | 
         | Don't confuse the putative "alpha male" with simply being a
         | douchebag, because I can think of quite a large number of CEOs
         | that fit that latter description, but it's not the same thing.
        
           | dsr_ wrote:
           | And by definition, Zuckerberg didn't start out as an "alpha",
           | but decided to emulate one after he was already super-
           | wealthy.
        
             | ada1981 wrote:
             | Bezos too. And Elon.
        
           | lmm wrote:
           | > Don't confuse the putative "alpha male" with simply being a
           | douchebag, because I can think of quite a large number of
           | CEOs that fit that latter description, but it's not the same
           | thing.
           | 
           | Can you clarify the distinction? Most people criticising the
           | "alpha" model seem to equate the two.
        
         | withinboredom wrote:
         | > grown by "alpha" leaders and staff.
         | 
         | Umm... isn't the whole point of an "alpha" to be the top-man...
         | so how would there be more than one? That doesn't make any
         | internally logical sense.
         | 
         | > An individual will likely be more productive in the
         | environment best suited for them
         | 
         | Good premise, but you don't need the "alpha" theory to argue
         | it.
         | 
         | > in determining if the "alpha" concept is a "more successful"
         | model in business.
         | 
         | You do a really poor job of explaining what this even means,
         | but it sounds bogus from your description. No offense intended.
        
           | lmm wrote:
           | > isn't the whole point of an "alpha" to be the top-man... so
           | how would there be more than one?
           | 
           | The point is they're top of their pack, not top of the whole
           | world.
        
             | withinboredom wrote:
             | Right. And my point is that a "pack" of "alphas" is
             | nonsensical.
        
         | gnatman wrote:
         | This is writing of someone steeped in "alpha male" youtube &
         | podcast ideology.
        
           | intalentive wrote:
           | What he calls the "alpha" model might also be termed a
           | "leader-follower" model where a single authority drives a
           | team to accomplish his singular vision, like the captain of a
           | ship drives and disciplines his crew.
           | 
           | It's hierarchical and masculine, no doubt, and describes
           | Linus Torvalds and Steve Jobs as well as Walt Disney and
           | Thomas Edison or even General Patton.
           | 
           | This leadership model might not be everyone's cup of tea but
           | it can definitely be successful, and it's definitely a real
           | thing, not just some redpill / PUA fantasy.
        
       | LudwigNagasena wrote:
       | The abuse of the captive wolves research factoid is officially
       | run into the ground. We now blame it for the whole organisation
       | of humanity. I thought bashing online communities for using
       | "alpha" was inadequate, but that takes the cake.
        
         | ada1981 wrote:
         | I don't intend to put the blame on the wolf study. I think it's
         | more that we are in captivity, and exhibit deeply unhealthy
         | relationship patterns with pretty much our entire environment
         | from food, to women, to time itself.
        
           | goatlover wrote:
           | This assumes hunter gatherers were better off than we are
           | today. That's a controversial claim. You still have to
           | survive in nature with finding food and making shelter,
           | fending off predators, negotiating rival groups, dealing with
           | disease and injury. It wasn't some utopian existence.
        
             | ada1981 wrote:
             | I think there are good arguments that Hunter gathers ate
             | healthier more diverse foods; spent less time working; and
             | likely were in flow more often than we are today.
             | 
             | I think Sapiens talks about this.
        
           | LudwigNagasena wrote:
           | The title says that captive wolves led us astray and the
           | first paragraph asserts that the studies spawned decades of
           | misunderstanding about power, leadership, and masculinity.
           | The causal link is very dubious to say the least.
        
       | robocat wrote:
       | The fact the wolf alpha male theory was wrong doesn't imply we
       | don't have alpha dominance for men.
       | 
       | Do we use alpha male gorillas to explain the concept?
       | 
       | (Edit) Or Chimpanzees:
       | https://news.janegoodall.org/2018/07/10/top-bottom-chimpanze...
       | The highest-ranking chimpanzee in a group is the alpha-male.
       | These males climb their way to the top of the chimpanzee
       | hierarchy, and the ways they choose to do so can differ with the
       | personality of the individual leader. Take two of the alpha males
       | observed in Gombe, Frodo and Freud, for instance. Though they
       | were brothers, each chimp had a very different leadership style.
       | While Freud maintained control through fostering strong alliances
       | and grooming those he wanted to keep under his command, Frodo
       | relied heavily on aggression and brute strength.
        
         | dsr_ wrote:
         | The fact that the evidence doesn't exist doesn't imply the
         | phenomenon doesn't exist?
         | 
         | Remind me, why gorillas and not chimps? Why chimps and not
         | bonobos? Why assume that two related species with completely
         | different environmental niches must share a social structure?
        
           | goatlover wrote:
           | Gorillas, Chimpanzees and Baboons are similar in their social
           | structures with the dominant alpha males. Bonobos are
           | different with it being matriarchal and conflict resolution
           | being less violent.
        
             | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
             | Sadly not that simple.
             | 
             | https://cosmosmagazine.com/nature/animals/bonobos-arent-
             | as-p...
        
           | lmm wrote:
           | > The fact that the evidence doesn't exist doesn't imply the
           | phenomenon doesn't exist?
           | 
           | Wolves were never meant to be evidence. They were a model, a
           | metaphor.
           | 
           | I wonder how many people who complain about "believing the
           | myth of alpha wolves" are the same people who defend
           | astrology as a "useful way of thinking, whether it's true or
           | not".
        
             | crooked-v wrote:
             | Until it was debunked, people thought that the
             | alpha/beta/omega nonsense was the actual natural social
             | order of wolves. Some people then borrowed that as a
             | metaphor.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | > Until it was debunked, people thought that the
               | alpha/beta/omega nonsense was the actual natural social
               | order of wolves.
               | 
               | Some wolf biologists thought that, sure. But that
               | obviously wasn't and isn't any kind of evidence about
               | human sociology (and conversely nor is the fact that it
               | isn't).
        
               | djur wrote:
               | Right, "alpha" means a lot of things in ethology, but the
               | "alpha/beta/gamma" categorization that took hold in
               | reactionary circles was specifically derived from the
               | wolf studies. "Some individuals tend to be more socially
               | dominant" is not controversial.
        
             | culi wrote:
             | > defend astrology as a "useful way of thinking, whether
             | it's true or not".
             | 
             | I wonder how many people defend mind palaces as a "useful
             | way of thinking, whether it's true or not".
             | 
             | Historically speaking, that's all astrology was. Research
             | has indeed shown that people who practice astrology are
             | better at remembering details about people in their lives.
             | Astrology is just a mind palace that allows them to more
             | easily memorize and organize useful facts about the people
             | in their social networks
        
         | itishappy wrote:
         | It just means analogies are dangerous. Would be nice if we
         | could determine if the effect actually applies to humans before
         | introducing yet another.
        
         | cyberax wrote:
         | It actually works with chimps. They _are_ very hierarchical and
         | somewhat neurotic even in the wild.
         | 
         | It's no wonder that they are our closest cousin.
         | 
         | Gorillas, in comparison, are much more laid-back.
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | Our closest cousins are actually bonobos (or at least they
           | are as close to us as chimpanzees are), which don't have this
           | type of hierarchy. Regardless, group social hierarchies don't
           | necessarily translate even between closely related species,
           | such as chimps and bonobos, so there is no reason whatsoever
           | to extend them from some ape to humans.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | Exactly. The concept didn't come from wolves alone. We also
         | call it a pecking order based on chickens.
         | 
         | The concept of a dominance hierarchy is widely established:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominance_hierarchy?wprov=sfti...
         | 
         | And the gorillas and chimpanzees studied are not in captivity.
         | 
         | Obviously not every species exhibits this, and the ones that do
         | don't exhibit it all the time. But the article acts like the
         | concept has been discredited when that is not the case at all.
        
           | error_logic wrote:
           | The discrediting is of the inevitability of its all-
           | encompassing effects. It can be present without needing to be
           | defended or prevent the Alpha from caring for its young.
        
           | cbsmith wrote:
           | As well established as dominance hierarchies are, they aren't
           | the only social structure, and just as this article explains,
           | it's rather ironic that in the case for wolves, that isn't
           | the prevailing social structure in their natural setting.
           | That wolves have become the prevailing reference point for
           | the concept, is metaphorical on a lot of levels.
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | Indeed, once we fall in love with a model we can usually find
         | some evidence for the model.
        
         | latexr wrote:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Ti86veZBjU
        
         | croes wrote:
         | I don't think those alpha men like it if they behave like apes.
         | Wolves are way cooler.
        
         | stonesthrowaway wrote:
         | > The fact the wolf alpha male theory was wrong doesn't imply
         | we don't have alpha dominance for men.
         | 
         | It isn't wrong. The headline is intentionally misleading and
         | the article is just woke nonsense. Read it for yourself.
         | 
         | What the article is really saying that the alpha in a zoo
         | wolfpack is different than an alpha in a wild wolfpack because
         | a zoo wolfpack is between non-related wolves whilest in the
         | wild, wolfpacks are composed of family members ( alpha
         | father/alpha mother and children ).
         | 
         | There are alpha in wolf packs ( zoos and wild ). Just like in a
         | human family the father/mother are alphas while in a gang, the
         | alpha is usually a non-related individual.
         | 
         | The "myth" isn't that the alpha doesn't exist. The "myth" is
         | about the relation of the alpha to the rest of the pack.
        
         | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
         | Humans don't want to be chimps though, they want to be wolves.
         | Or lions. Or eagles. That sort of thing. So a narrative about
         | strong wolves dominating weaker wolves is gonna catch on like
         | wildfire and you can bet your house on that.
        
           | tbrownaw wrote:
           | Is this like how middle management reportedly wouldn't be
           | caught dead dressing like the janitor, but super rich people
           | supposedly dress like the janitor in order to not look like
           | middle management?
        
             | ineptech wrote:
             | This sounds like Scott Alexander's "Fashion explained with
             | cellular automata" article, which was neat but probably not
             | what OP was referring to and certainly not related to TFA
             | in any way I can see. Still a good read tho.
             | 
             | https://slatestarcodex.com/2014/04/22/right-is-the-new-
             | left/
        
             | robocat wrote:
             | The term for that is countersignalling.
             | https://www.marketingsociety.com/the-library/counter-
             | signall...
        
           | cbsmith wrote:
           | ...or, it's just a solid case of confirmation bias.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | I would much rather be a chimpanzee than a wolf or a lion.
        
             | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
             | Well then, good news for you.
             | 
             | https://www.science.org/content/article/bonobos-join-
             | chimps-...
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _Do we use alpha male gorillas to explain the concept?_
         | 
         | We _should_ use chimpanzees. The popular definition evolved
         | pretty much indepdenently of the science, unfortunately [1].
         | 
         | Management texts have tried toning this down, particularly in
         | the gender-equality years. At its nonsensical limit one wound
         | up with alpha = leader, which is tautologically useless as a
         | tool for explaining leadership.
         | 
         | The term probably belongs in a bin. There are deep social
         | lessons we can learn from observing chimpanzees. (Or even
         | wolves.) But they're not going to condense into a single term,
         | certainly not one that's been through the 4chan and partisan
         | ringers. Even among chimpanzees, we see a variety of tactics
         | used to achieve dominance, including groups of chimps banding
         | together to topple a leader.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_and_beta_male
        
           | kryogen1c wrote:
           | > 4chan and partisan
           | 
           | I love the dialectical equivalency here, Feels exactly
           | accurate. At least 4chan plays you laugh you lose, federal
           | politics seems to omit the first half.
           | 
           | > dominance, including groups of chimps
           | 
           | Indeed one of the most fascinating lessons. "Alpha" by force
           | is almost tautologically impossible; leadership is built on
           | inspiration and willfullness.
        
           | Anotheroneagain wrote:
           | >We should use chimpanzees
           | 
           | Why should we use _anything at all_? Aren 't we people
           | ourselves, who, you know, behave like people, without being
           | taught how?
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | >behave like people, without being taught how
             | 
             | Ok, what does this mean when pretty much all people are
             | taught to be people by the generations before them?
             | 
             | We throw out a number of feral children and see how they
             | grow up in the wilds? Doesn't sound very ethical.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Why should we use anything at all?_
             | 
             | Same reason we play with models: it's easier to understand
             | through analogy, with the familiar cast unfamiliarly.
        
           | xbar wrote:
           | Are there management texts from some era where this was
           | actually promoted as a model?
        
           | enragedcacti wrote:
           | Even within apes the variance is wide enough that I question
           | the value in drawing any conclusions about human nature,
           | especially for laypeople. Why chimpanzees and not bonobos who
           | are equally close relatives to humans but whose social
           | structure is matriarchal, non-territorial, and considerably
           | less violent?
           | 
           | There is such myriad behavior in the animal kingdom that
           | drawing insight into human social structure from it seems
           | like it is more often a Rorschach test than it is a
           | scientific exercise.
        
         | gilbetron wrote:
         | Why are we trying to make human societies mimic animal ones?
         | We're the insanely successful species, not wolves or chimps or
         | gorillas or lobsters!
        
       | vunderba wrote:
       | From the article:
       | 
       |  _> Instead of ruling from above, he built a flat structure where
       | decisions emerge from collaboration._
       | 
       | I've also seen the flip-side of this - where due to the fact that
       | there is no established hierarchy, you spend inordinate amounts
       | of time welding entirely disparate architectures together since
       | every team was cowboy coding and doing their own thing.
       | 
       | Also anecdotally, I've never once experienced this Type-A prima
       | donna alpha engineer but I've had absolutely zero interest in
       | working for a FAANG. Every engineer I've ever worked with was
       | pretty easy-going.
        
         | FrustratedMonky wrote:
         | " Type-A prima donna alpha engineer "
         | 
         | Most are bluster.
         | 
         | Talk loud and fast and be rude, arrogant, and lot of people
         | will think you must really know what you are doing.
        
         | tayo42 wrote:
         | > Every engineer I've ever worked with was pretty easy-going.
         | 
         | Every one seems easy going until you disagree with them.
        
           | rramadass wrote:
           | Ha, Ha; True. For some reason people don't want to face
           | reality but want to believe in fancies/stories which they
           | have picked up from surrounding society.
           | 
           | Related, the Norwegian documentary series "Hjernevask" (i.e.
           | Brainwash) is interesting -
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjernevask
        
       | robwwilliams wrote:
       | Dubious article. The role of aggression in establishing and
       | maintaining social hierarchies was not mis-diagnosed in 1974. The
       | behaviors of alpha males (wolves) and alpha females (hyenas) are
       | complex but threat and pain is part of the pattern. Highly
       | variable by species, environment, and demographics.
       | 
       | Go over the hills from Silicon Valley to Ano Nuevo Marine
       | Conservation Area and watch the behavior of male elephant seals
       | like Bernie LeBoef has done for 30 years.
       | 
       | How does any of this apply to Silicon Valley other than as a cute
       | and wrong metaphor? Are we really taking leads from dogs?
        
         | mmooss wrote:
         | The popular trend in U.S. big business is 'animal spirits'. I
         | read an article about how at Davos (iirc), people were bullish
         | on the U.S. and bearish on Europe because the U.S. embraced
         | "animal spirits".
         | 
         | Animal brains too.
        
       | nico wrote:
       | Something similar happened with models for addiction in rats
       | (which were extrapolated to humans)
       | 
       | It turned out that rats that live in a nice environment, with
       | plenty of activities and social spaces (not an ugly, mostly empty
       | cage), don't become addicted
       | 
       | Ref: Rat Park experiment
        
         | Analemma_ wrote:
         | The Internet loves the Rat Park experiment, but it never
         | replicated and should be considered just as bogus as all the
         | other stuff in social psych which hasn't survived the
         | replication crisis.
         | 
         | It's fitting for this thread though, because it survives for
         | the exact reason the alpha wolf stuff survives: people love the
         | story so they hang on to it irrespective of the science.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Right, and we've seen plenty of people who lead the "Rat
           | Park" equivalent of human lives and yet still get addicted to
           | opioids. There's clearly no single cause.
        
           | sunjieming wrote:
           | I think 90% of my HS psych class didn't replicate
        
             | layman51 wrote:
             | Can you elaborate more on this? I did not take psychology
             | in high school, but I would imagine that such a course
             | would focus on fundamental concepts where "replicating"
             | wouldn't even be an issue. There might be teachers who
             | might bring up the pop-sci topics, but wouldn't the meat of
             | the class just be learning about theories or frameworks?
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | Not the OP and I didn't take psych but here's an example
               | syllabus for AP Psychology from the College Board:
               | https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-
               | psychology-s...
               | 
               | The first two units on neurology and cognition seem
               | sensible, but I can see how it'll quickly go off the
               | rails after that.
        
               | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
               | This seems entirely fine, after a brief review of the
               | contents. Where do you think it goes off the rails?
        
           | throwaway2037 wrote:
           | > never replicated
           | 
           | Not exactly.
           | 
           | Wiki says:                   Studies that followed up on the
           | contribution of environmental enrichment to addiction
           | produced mixed results.
           | 
           | Ref:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_Park#Further_experiments
        
           | mmooss wrote:
           | > it never replicated and should be considered just as bogus
           | 
           | Did someone try to replicate it? What were the results? What
           | were their conclusions about its credibility?
           | 
           | > all the other stuff in social psych which hasn't survived
           | the replication crisis.
           | 
           | Replication isn't black and white: Most of the experiments -
           | at least in the early widely reported phase - did replicate
           | but with less statistically strong results.
        
       | kristopolous wrote:
       | Regardless of the accuracy, analogizing to humans is absurd.
       | 
       | Some spiders eat their partner after mating, should we do that?
       | 
       | Some animals defecate to mark territory, should we do that?
       | 
       | Many abandon their children after birth or even eat their babies.
       | 
       | Maybe we should use artificial ovipositors and proboscises.
       | 
       | People want to ordain their ideology with the notion of natural
       | order to claim it as scientific law. The accuracy of the
       | underlying animal claim is irrelevant because the logic
       | connecting some random animal to humans is nonsense.
        
         | ada1981 wrote:
         | >> Some spiders eat their partner after mating, should we do
         | that?
         | 
         | Have you spent time with many married couples? ;)
        
         | itishappy wrote:
         | I think causation is reversed. The goal of studies like these
         | is not to dictate how we should behave, but to inform us how we
         | might.
         | 
         | Should we use our feces to mark territory? Probably not, but
         | when the concept of marking territory is as pervasive as it is
         | then maybe it's worth considering how we would like to handle
         | it to avoid falling back to feces.
        
           | kristopolous wrote:
           | Again, pervasiveness does not magically make it valid.
           | 
           | Many animals eat feces, that's extremely pervasive. It's an
           | intrinsic part of the ecosystem. It's really hard to
           | overstate how important poop from other animals is. Doesn't
           | mean I should be cooking it for dinner.
           | 
           | Applying any behavior as having any meaning at all to humans,
           | whether it be wolves or lobsters, other than that we should
           | respect it, is complete nonsense.
           | 
           | There are no lessons to learn about how we should structure
           | our workspace or allocate tax dollars by watching how
           | jellyfish or seasnails live, any claim otherwise is merely
           | ideological projection and creative license.
        
       | korse wrote:
       | Did anyone consider that our society IS artificial conditions?
       | Not sure about you all, but western society feels much more akin
       | to a zoo than the wilderness.
        
         | jmye wrote:
         | I don't understand what you mean.
         | 
         | That you can certainly opt in to artificial nonsense, as
         | wholeheartedly and completely as you want, doesn't mean
         | _society_ is artificial. It just means that's the part you've
         | decided to live your life in.
        
           | tolerance wrote:
           | C'mon now, you know what he means. Or you've got a decent
           | idea of what he might mean.
           | 
           | People are beginning to consider that the most pervasive
           | aspects of society--parts that you don't have a choice
           | whether you're a part of it or confronted by it--are social
           | constructs, and that humans are constrained in what they're
           | allowed to believe in and how to come to terms with those
           | beliefs amongst one another.
        
         | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
         | You're far more likely to be eaten alive by something in the
         | wilderness than in a corporate office.
         | 
         | If we've achieved nothing else, at least we've added a layer of
         | political and economic indirection to our cannibalism.
        
         | ssnistfajen wrote:
         | This is what I've been leaning towards after initially
         | renouncing the experiment for its arbitrary nature. "Alpha"
         | behaviour emerge in zero-sum/artificial scarcity situations,
         | yet contemporary society is full of zero-sum situations and
         | artificial scarcity due to market inefficiency and gatekeeping.
         | It's not just Western society either. If anything, Western-
         | aligned industrialized societies experience far less scarcity.
         | So the behavioural pattern shouldn't be entirely dismissed as
         | pseudoscience, but worthy of critical inspection and reference.
        
           | indoordin0saur wrote:
           | > Alpha" behavior emerge in zero-sum/artificial scarcity
           | situations
           | 
           | Zero-sum, yes, but why only artificial scarcity? It seems
           | like this would arise in a natural situation as well... Even
           | if you lived on abundantly producing land that is not (yet)
           | heavily populated there is still going to be mate
           | competition.
        
         | eleveriven wrote:
         | Soo maybe the "alpha" behaviors we see are a natural response
         | to unnatural conditions and it's more about how we behave when
         | we're stuck in systems
        
       | jarjoura wrote:
       | Seems like it's fair to assume, both canines and humans are
       | highly adaptable, and we behave the way we need to in the
       | environment we're in. My dog has never shown me anything except
       | love and compassion, and that gets him the best living
       | conditions, back scratches and the tastiest food.
        
         | lmm wrote:
         | > Seems like it's fair to assume, both canines and humans are
         | highly adaptable, and we behave the way we need to in the
         | environment we're in.
         | 
         | If that were as true as you seem to be suggesting, there would
         | be no difference between dogs and wolves when the latter are
         | kept as pets, which is clearly false.
        
       | barrettondricka wrote:
       | Author: Applying behavior of wolves in captivity to humans was a
       | mistake.
       | 
       | Also Auther: Applies behavior of wolves in free environment to a
       | very specific and complex part of human society.
       | 
       | And of course, zero link or citations on anything.
        
         | ninetyninenine wrote:
         | Alphas aren't only observed in captive wolves. They are
         | observed in MANY MANY animal groups.
         | 
         | I think the full picture isn't some liberal idea where everyone
         | lives in harmony and can work together for the common good
         | without the weakest link ever getting left behind.
         | 
         | The truth is it's a bit of both. We live in a world where it's
         | dog eat dog but also companionship and working together are
         | BOTH effective strategies for survival. Most humans are
         | programmed to be able to handle both modes of survival .
         | Depending on circumstance one strategy often becomes critical
         | for survival. For example: if you're in captivity or aka a
         | setting with very very limited resources the alpha strategy
         | works best.
         | 
         | Of course no citations for me either. But I think it's quite
         | clear the author is biased.
        
           | nis0s wrote:
           | You're right. Antarctic penguins and walruses are good
           | examples of this. Penguin females go hunting, while the males
           | hatch eggs and rear the young till the females return. Walrus
           | males, OTOH, absolutely dominate other walrus males, and keep
           | a harem of females.
           | 
           | But who cares? Humans are more closely related to primates
           | than other animals, who exhibit all kinds of different
           | behaviors across species. I am not sure why we're trying to
           | model human behaviors from wolves at all.
           | 
           | In fact, human advanced cognitive development is unique
           | amongst the entirety of the animal kingdom, so it's okay if
           | humans have behaviors which are unique just to us, and are
           | unobserved in other animals.
        
             | roughly wrote:
             | There's a recent book, "Bitch: On the Female of the
             | Species" by Lucy Cooke, which specifically targets the
             | traditional "strong males weak females is the natural
             | order" trope. It's brilliantly written, comprehensive in
             | its dismantling of the concept, and a very fun read (side
             | note: I have a habit of reading in bars, and this one got a
             | lot of looks)
             | 
             | https://bookshop.org/p/books/bitch-on-the-female-of-the-
             | spec...
        
         | svnt wrote:
         | Easier to tear down than it is to build well.
        
           | barrettondricka wrote:
           | I admit to being rude and to being a very bad builder myself.
           | 
           | But the article is bad. Just about every piece of evidence
           | has some sort of issue. Correlation-causation, or not enough
           | data, or just assumptions. The wolf stuff (seems to be) based
           | on only 2 observations. The author cites big tech in CA, but
           | then describes a single clothing company that has a high
           | random metric that is supposedly an accurate indicator of all
           | of the above.
           | 
           | And the connections between arguments are not even that good.
           | Skimming over it, I wasn't sure what the article's point was.
           | 
           | As for the conclusion, the vague words on what could be done
           | are the kind of stuff everyone is trying anyway for other
           | reasons, and it isn't (?) working.
        
         | charles_f wrote:
         | No. Author: deducting that behavior observed in captive
         | environments was also true in liberty was a mistake.
         | 
         | Author: silicon valley is somewhat of a captive environment so
         | lessons from captivity are not entirely wrong.
        
       | llm_nerd wrote:
       | The original researcher did correct the record about what entails
       | the alpha wolf in a natural setting, noting that pack leadership
       | was usually based upon familial group dynamics, instead of the
       | cliche biggest and strongest that beat down opponents, but in pop
       | science this correction went too far, basically discounting the
       | idea of an alpha wolf altogether. In virtually every discussion
       | about this myth people will regurgitate the notion that there is
       | no alpha.
       | 
       | But...there is. He never claimed there wasn't an alpha. Just that
       | the selection among a group of wolves forced together differs
       | from a group of wolves in a natural setting.
       | 
       | So Tony Soprano was the alpha of the crime family even though
       | many other characters were likely stronger, crazier, etc. He had
       | the backing of so many people that they knew that his bark had
       | bite, even if it wasn't from him directly.
        
         | indoordin0saur wrote:
         | > noting that pack leadership was usually based upon familial
         | group dynamics, instead of the cliche biggest and strongest
         | that beat down opponents
         | 
         | So, sounds like if the author read the study more closely and
         | continued with his idea of basing human society around dog
         | society we should structure society as a hereditary monarchy
         | rather than rule by warrior kings.
        
       | justonenote wrote:
       | And what about chimpanzees? Our closest relative genetically. Is
       | anyone disputing that they exhibit a brutally dominant social
       | hierarchy? Our second closest relative is (afaik, or close
       | enough) Bonobos, who lump around all day jacking each other off.
       | 
       | While the alpha terminology may have come from dog packs, it's
       | not exactly unobservable in other species, and even on these
       | forums and in VC funding rounds you can observe people both
       | jacking each other off with a healthy amount of social and
       | institutional pandering and financial support, and other people
       | not posting as much but taking dominant positions to "secure the
       | bag" and whatever is downstream from that.
       | 
       | People don't like these conversations but it doesn't change the
       | reality.
        
         | BriggyDwiggs42 wrote:
         | You can't draw more than rudimentary conclusions from the
         | comparison because we could have evolved different behaviors,
         | or we could share them, or we could work that way on the
         | savannah but not in a city, etc. These conversations can be and
         | are used to say whatever the speaker wants to say, since they
         | can just select a trait that's been observed in a monkey case
         | study and apply it lazily to humans. "Wow humans sure like to
         | jerk off, must be because we're like bonobos!"
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | Maybe a thing to note here is that the behavior of many
         | different kinds of social animals changes dependent on the
         | living situation.
         | 
         | Given that, it is not unreasonable to wonder (hope?) that there
         | might be human living conditions that reduce "brutally dominant
         | social heirarchy".
         | 
         | The best part is: we even appear to have archeological evidence
         | that this is true, for humans!
        
           | mmooss wrote:
           | We have tons of current evidence that its true. I've never
           | experienced a 'brutally dominant social heirarchy'
           | personally; it's pretty uncommon. I don't live like _Lord of
           | the Flies_.
           | 
           | IME the theory is a reactionary (i.e., anti-liberal, anti-
           | humanitarian, anti-human rights) myth to justify the rule and
           | worship of power.
        
             | justonenote wrote:
             | It's not at all uncommon, either in history or modern day.
             | The stats on wealth inequality in the west demonstrate this
             | out pretty clearly.
             | 
             | It's probably more viscerally visible in poorer parts of
             | the world, though trying to compare which is worse, is not
             | very clear. You could argue in the western countries it's
             | easier for someone to become entrenched and cement a
             | position of "top dog" while if you are in a tribe in Africa
             | the position is more fluid and volatile.
             | 
             | I think using the term 'brutally dominant' I invoked images
             | of violence, and maybe something like 'cut-throat' is
             | (ironically) more apt. While you yourself may be in a good
             | and comfortable position, it doesn't negate the reality
             | that people vie for positions of power all over the world
             | every day and have for the entirety of history. We are not
             | just Bonobos living in a forest.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | > reduce "brutally dominant social heirarchy".
           | 
           | if you mean literal brutality, but how the uber wealthy
           | treating those of lower wealth could be considered brutal as
           | well--in modern parlance of course.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | I was quoting the comment I was replying to.
        
         | mmooss wrote:
         | > Is anyone disputing that they exhibit a brutally dominant
         | social hierarchy?
         | 
         | Could you share the basis for saying they do, for those who are
         | not primatologists?
         | 
         | > even on these forums and in VC funding rounds you can observe
         | ...
         | 
         | How is that 'alpha wolf' behavior?
         | 
         | > People don't like these conversations
         | 
         | Has someone objected?
        
           | justonenote wrote:
           | > Could you share the basis for saying they do, for those who
           | are not primatologists?
           | 
           | You can look it up yourself, plenty of published research.
           | I'm not a primatologist either but still managed to educate
           | myself.
           | 
           | > Has someone objected?
           | 
           | You seem to be, in the most snide and backhanded way
           | possible.
           | 
           | More generally yes people have been preaching (since the 60s
           | majorly but obviously before that) that being kind, and that
           | peace and love is and mutual reciprocity is not only one way
           | to go about in life, but _it's the only way_ that you should
           | pursue. And this very much the mainstream opinion. Meanwhile
           | central banks have been printing money at zero interest to
           | give to their friends, Saudis have been selling oil, states
           | have been buying up weapons, bribing the US, etc.
           | 
           | And guess what? All of those people have lot more power and
           | influence on the world today, than a guy living in the desert
           | preaching how humans should be perfectly balanced at one with
           | each and nature.
           | 
           | > How is that 'alpha wolf' behavior?
           | 
           | Zuckerberg retaining complete voting shares wasn't a power
           | play? Altman returning to oust the board and be CEO of OpenAI
           | wasn't a power play? Investors leveraging the outsized gains
           | from an early success to bet on further outsized gains isn't
           | a power play?
        
         | ninetyninenine wrote:
         | >People don't like these conversations but it doesn't change
         | the reality.
         | 
         | I mean you have to be an idiot not to see it. You literally
         | just observe all human societies. You have some leader at the
         | top, the president, a king etc. etc. Then you have CEOs, VPs,
         | Managers, team leads etc etc.
         | 
         | Human society is structured around alphas. Clearly. No I take
         | that back. Humans are more similar to bonobos. At least that's
         | how it is when I go to work we just jack each other off all
         | day, no team leads or CEO where I work.
        
           | matwood wrote:
           | I think people run into definitional biases. I used
           | alpha/beta as short hand in a comment last week and was
           | downvoted just for using the terms.
           | 
           | In short, alpha does not imply male or violence. It's someone
           | for whatever reasons is at the top (eq, iq, physical
           | attributes, confidence, etc). It also depends on the group,
           | think big fish/small pond.
        
         | enragedcacti wrote:
         | > Our second closest relative is (afaik, or close enough)
         | Bonobos
         | 
         | They are equally close (tree-wise, percent-wise idk), and they
         | exhibit a radically different and mostly nonviolent matriarchal
         | social hierarchy. Not sure what the takeaway from that should
         | be other than that maybe there shouldn't be a takeaway if our
         | two closest relatives (and each others closest relatives)
         | behave so differently from one another.
        
           | justonenote wrote:
           | To me it's pretty obvious that we are somewhere in-between
           | the two in temperament, but probably tending quite a bit more
           | toward the chimps. I don't have a peer-reviewed study or
           | empirical proof etc but some things are just staring you in
           | the face. (see: all of history, boxing and MMA and other less
           | violent but still highly competitive sports being popular
           | worldwide)
           | 
           | I mean the interesting question is whether it is necessary,
           | if we were maximally Bonobo would we have built the
           | civilizations and technology we have? Possibly, but it's not
           | beyond the realms of thought that the drive to amass power,
           | to be the alpha or top dog, has driven action and risk
           | taking, low probability paths to outsized gains.
           | 
           | There is a second question about whether we should be more
           | Bonobo like now, but we are what we are and there is 7
           | billion people on the planet.
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | If the animals are spread over a wide area, where they don't have
       | to compete for territory or resources with each other, of course
       | the dominant behaviors won't rear themselves.
       | 
       | You need the right conditions to repro the behavior.
       | 
       | E.g. for starters, you cannot study one wolf in isolation from
       | other wolves, right? You need at least two for one to dominate
       | the other, and they can't be miles apart such that they never
       | meet.
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | in any competence where you've taken instruction, you need to be
       | practicing at a certain level to be able to receive meaningful
       | direction or guidance. the same is true for leadership. the model
       | in the article seems like a bit of a straw man that plays to a
       | sense of resentfulness about cartoons of "alpha" figures, and it
       | may ultimately be misleading by creating misguided critics.
       | 
       | just lift, read the stoics, and master something. you'll get
       | there.
        
       | teruakohatu wrote:
       | If the Alpha Wolf is a myth, it is also a myth that the concept
       | was bought to popular imagination by Rudolf Schenkel and L. David
       | Mech between the 1940 and 1970s.
       | 
       | Jack London's gold rush books explore this concept in detail, the
       | first of which, Call of the Wild, was published in 1903. These
       | were very popular books, then and still today.
       | 
       | The alpha wolf concept was in public psyche at least in the early
       | 1900s, but probably earlier too. I don't think it is likely that
       | London invented this myth himself and it existed earlier.
        
         | rramadass wrote:
         | Right. The myth actually originates from _Social Darwinism_ -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Darwinism which was what
         | influenced Jack London's thinking (see "The Call of the Wild",
         | "White Fang" etc.) but at the same time he was also a Socialist
         | (see "The Iron Heel", "The People of the Abyss" etc.) See his
         | "views" section here -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London#Views
        
         | samth wrote:
         | Just to be clear, the word "alpha" does not appear in the text
         | of "Call of the Wild".
        
       | steve_taylor wrote:
       | When a Canadian psychologist mentioned lobsters and hierarchies,
       | the dogma to which members of a political group subscribe was
       | updated to include the denial of alphas as a natural phenomenon,
       | making it instead an artificial construct invented by their
       | imaginary oppressors to hold onto imaginary power.
        
       | WesternWind wrote:
       | blaming the wolves is an interesting choice.
        
       | niemandhier wrote:
       | I might not be the best possible version of myself but I am at
       | least a release candidate, and therefore have transceded the
       | concepts of ,,alpha male" and ,,beta male".
        
         | BLKNSLVR wrote:
         | I'm an alphalfa male. I sometimes eat vegetables.
        
         | mnsc wrote:
         | Some cowboy developer pushed me to prod despite a glaring beta
         | tag and a plethora of known critical bugs. Yet here I am, 45
         | minors later with the beta tag still there, delivering
         | measurable value to all my users.
        
       | sakoht wrote:
       | Reads like a Disney lens on nature. Whether or not wolves have a
       | single alpha in a pack, nature is built around selfishness and
       | violence with certainty, cooperation selectively. Animals watch
       | each other suffer and die without a flinch all the time. And
       | nearly everything dies from being eaten. Any lens on nature that
       | sugar-coats this is projecting human values.
        
         | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
         | > selfishness and violence
         | 
         | Are human emotions, please don't anthropomorphise.
        
           | lIl-IIIl wrote:
           | Neither of those are emotions.
           | 
           | Selfishness is the default setting, and is easy to explain in
           | evolutionary terms. Unselfishness is what usually surprises
           | us when we see it in animals.
        
             | culi wrote:
             | Surprises you perhaps. Over 90% of plants rely on
             | cooperation with mycorrhizal fungal networks. The evolution
             | of lichen, a partnership between fungi and lichen, has
             | happened independently tens of thousands of times. Our very
             | cells rely on a once-alien cell with its own DNA that is
             | now called the "mitochondria" for our very survival. Even
             | still, the majority of cells in the human body are usually
             | non-human. We literally couldn't eat a single thing without
             | the complex multi-species microbes we rely on.
             | 
             | Cooperation is at the basis of all of nature. The
             | difference between "competition" and "cooperation" is
             | usually a matter of perspective and human bias. They are
             | two sides of the same coin. We fit details about nature
             | into one of those two frameworks to uphold a specific
             | worldview we find useful for organizing information.
             | Historically we've favored the competition framework, but
             | take a look at the Annual Reviews journals for a field like
             | Ecology, Mycology, Biology, etc and I think you'll see this
             | is quickly changing
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _Reads like a Disney lens on nature_
         | 
         | The author isn't saying nature isn't cruel. They're saying wolf
         | packs don't work the way we imagine them to in popular culture.
         | 
         | You don't have males duking it out to be the alpha. (That's
         | closer to gorillas and chimpanzees, though even among them it's
         | rare.) You have a breeding pair and their pups. Wolf packs
         | aren't monarchies, they're emergent clusters of wolves around a
         | breeding pair that goes away when the breeding pair perishes. A
         | younger wolf "challenging" an older wolf for dominance isn't
         | the natural state; it's the space-constrained state that
         | emerges in captivity. (Even that might be giving it too much
         | credit.)
        
         | eleveriven wrote:
         | Elephants live in complex, matriarchal family groups and
         | demonstrate extraordinary empathy
        
         | froh wrote:
         | and animals support and comfort each other without hesitation
         | all the time too.
         | 
         | and "nearly everything dies from being eaten", yes, because
         | nearly everything is in the human meat eating food chain, I kid
         | you not.
         | 
         | no. the lens that depicts the world at constant war is
         | projecting a mix of maybe personal experience and certainly
         | group think onto an otherwise surprisingly cooperative and
         | supportive nature.
         | 
         | https://scholar.google.de/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=coope...
        
         | snickerer wrote:
         | Nature is not 'build around selfishness and violence'. Any lens
         | on nature that says this is projecting human values.
         | 
         | Nature is build around what works best for the survival of the
         | individual's genetics in the current environment. That is
         | called evolution.
         | 
         | You can't even project the human concept of selfishness on
         | this. A worker ant supports its genetical survival best by
         | sacrificing its life for the community.
         | 
         | To understand evolutionary developed strategies a wonderful
         | tool is the calculation of probability. Science knows something
         | about how to choose good strategies, and that may help us to
         | understand 'why' evolution optimized for this and that.
         | 
         | In the case of groups of hunters (or many other groups), we
         | know that cooperation is often superior to constant internal
         | fighting. And choosing the best strategic thinker as the leader
         | instead of the biggest bully is obviously a good idea in many
         | scenarios. It is very reasonable that the wolves' leader
         | selection process has optimised itself in such a direction.
        
       | eleveriven wrote:
       | The performative dominance described here feels eerily familiar
        
       | WuxiFingerHold wrote:
       | Extremely interesting topic, unfortunately shallow article. Still
       | I'm happy for the input.
       | 
       | I'd like to learn more about how abundance of food, lack of
       | threats and other comforts of civilization distort the formerly
       | vital instincts into all kind of dysfunctional and harming
       | behavior. And more importantly, how to manage those.
        
       | reasonableout wrote:
       | wd
        
       | sharkbird2 wrote:
       | I feel like the term "alpha" is deeply problematic since
       | different people use it to mean completely different things.
       | 
       | Many people associate it with the toxic traits of dominating
       | others through aggression. While other's use it to reference a
       | healthy, good, strong, well developed and balanced individual who
       | helps others.
       | 
       | I think we need new terms for these things so we can start
       | differentiate them.
        
         | roland35 wrote:
         | The problem is that people who use the toxic definition of
         | alpha really like it! There is no motivation to change sadly.
        
         | getnormality wrote:
         | No matter what new terms are invented, people will reinterpret
         | them to align with their own perspectives.
         | 
         | If "alpha" means good in some social context, people will load
         | it up with all the contradictory qualities that different
         | people consider good.
        
       | DavidPiper wrote:
       | Surprised not to see David Graeber's "The Dawn of Everything"
       | recommended yet in a thread like this.
       | 
       | It details how "pre-modern" societies functioned based on the
       | available archaeological and anthropological evidence we have,
       | and one of its key findings is just how much human history
       | conflicts with narratives like "the alpha myth". It also goes
       | into detail about how we ended up with so many social narratives
       | like it that just don't have any justifiable precedent.
        
         | 1oooqooq wrote:
         | this is way above the audience. this conversation is
         | unfortunately like talking about garbage collector algorithms
         | in different architectures, to social science grads.
         | 
         | but in the rare case a social scientist want to lear about
         | memory borrowing, i would also suggest somethig more recent
         | (and less anachist to this crowd)
         | https://ia804705.us.archive.org/13/items/byung-chul-han-the-...
        
           | mattgreenrocks wrote:
           | I've had that (The Burnout Society) on my to-read list for
           | awhile, do you recommend it?
           | 
           | I think the core thesis is spot on from what I've seen of
           | discussions, and am looking to decide which aspects of
           | ambition are my own, and which have I have accepted
           | unconsciously.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | " _Please don 't sneer, including at the rest of the
           | community._" It's reliably a marker of bad comments and worse
           | threads.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
           | 
           | It's great to post relevant and informative links, but please
           | do it without putting down others. If you're participating
           | here, you're as much the community as anyone else is.
           | 
           | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&sor.
           | ..
        
       | danlugo92 wrote:
       | 1. There's still other species where an "alpha" exists.
       | 
       | 2. Even if there's no other species where an "alpha" exists, what
       | forbids us from it being a human thing? No that I want to look up
       | to a mere mortal "alpha" e.g. dictators. Only real alpha is
       | Christ.
       | 
       | 3. There's always an alpha in friend groups, I've seen it, should
       | I pluck out my eyes as they're lying to me? Heck no. Doesn't mean
       | the women in the friend group took turns doing you know what to
       | his you know what. An alpha is simple a leader, online manosphere
       | groups took it to the extreme of being "the guy that gets most
       | girls" but in truth being known helps with that whole thing.
       | 
       | 4. Even my previous 3 points didn't resonate with you, it's just
       | an allegory, I don't know why this particular alpha thing has hit
       | a nerve with some many people, that even whole ass articles have
       | been written up against it, what is the problem with men aspiring
       | to be better? An alpha shares his spoils anyways, in Lions in
       | Hyenas in Coyotes, etc.
        
       | fedeb95 wrote:
       | I find your lack of sources... disturbing.
        
       | flanked-evergl wrote:
       | I think the path forward requires rejecting appeals to nature.
       | 
       | "Darwinism can be used to back up two mad moralities, but it
       | cannot be used to back up a single sane one. The kinship and
       | competition of all living creatures can be used as a reason for
       | being insanely cruel or insanely sentimental; but not for a
       | healthy love of animals. On the evolutionary basis you may be
       | inhumane, or you may be absurdly humane; but you cannot be human.
       | That you and a tiger are one may be a reason for being tender to
       | a tiger. Or it may be a reason for being as cruel as the tiger.
       | It is one way to train the tiger to imitate you, it is a shorter
       | way to imitate the tiger. But in neither case does evolution tell
       | you how to treat a tiger reasonably, that is, to admire his
       | stripes while avoiding his claws.
       | 
       | If you want to treat a tiger reasonably, you must go back to the
       | garden of Eden. For the obstinate reminder continued to recur:
       | only the supernatural has taken a sane view of Nature. The
       | essence of all pantheism, evolutionism, and modern cosmic
       | religion is really in this proposition: that Nature is our
       | mother. Unfortunately, if you regard Nature as a mother, you
       | discover that she is a step-mother. The main point of
       | Christianity was this: that Nature is not our mother: Nature is
       | our sister. We can be proud of her beauty, since we have the same
       | father; but she has no authority over us; we have to admire, but
       | not to imitate. This gives to the typically Christian pleasure in
       | this earth a strange touch of lightness that is almost frivolity.
       | Nature was a solemn mother to the worshippers of Isis and Cybele.
       | Nature was a solemn mother to Wordsworth or to Emerson. But
       | Nature is not solemn to Francis of Assisi or to George Herbert.
       | To St. Francis, Nature is a sister, and even a younger sister: a
       | little, dancing sister, to be laughed at as well as loved." ~
       | Chesterton
        
         | indoordin0saur wrote:
         | Yup. This whole article is just a glaring case of the
         | naturalistic fallacy
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalistic_fallacy)
         | 
         | You don't need to argue that "alpha males" don't exist amongst
         | wild animals to make that case that it's bad for human
         | civilization.
        
       | mattgreenrocks wrote:
       | I find it fascinating that some users here seem to be attached to
       | the concept of an alpha male, reality be damned. It's clear that
       | this meets some emotional/psychological need for them.
       | 
       | I regard it as a dangerous mind virus. It is hard to rid yourself
       | of it even if you see it is bullshit and harming you because it
       | requires a substantial change in how you see your life. I think
       | that's because it is some hard truths ("people like powerful
       | people") mixed in with some cognitive distortions ("dominance is
       | the primary mediator of all interactions"). The lack of a true
       | definition means there is no objective measure of what it is,
       | which makes it impossible to feel secure in. Thus, the endless
       | arguing about whether behavior is really "alpha" or "beta."
       | 
       | There are good bits there, such as not letting yourself be pushed
       | around. But that doesn't make it all good or true. I really think
       | the whole artifice is a cop-out for actually doing the work of
       | individuation and self-development because you outsource all the
       | hard work of deciding what you want to be and the temporary,
       | self-imposed emotional exile it takes to actually discern that to
       | following guidelines ultimately given to you by other people.
       | 
       | You're still not crafting your own life, you're just changing who
       | you get your life script from.
       | 
       | It exploits psychological vulnerabilities in people and traps
       | them: if you worry about your alpha/beta status, then you'll be
       | the type of person who wants to fix it, but there isn't a fix
       | because your perspective is the issue.
       | 
       | Hope that was helpful for someone.
        
         | otikik wrote:
         | This was very well put. Thanks.
        
         | stonesthrowaway wrote:
         | > I find it fascinating that some users here seem to be
         | attached to the concept of an alpha male, reality be damned.
         | 
         | But the reality is that wolf packs have alpha males. Both in
         | the wild and in zoos. The article itself clearly states so. The
         | only difference is that in the wild, the alpha male is the
         | biological father of his offsprings that make up the wolf pack.
         | While in the zoo, the alpha male is generally unrelated to the
         | other wolves.
         | 
         | We know alpha males and alpha females exists. The article
         | doesn't deny that fact. It just sneakily twists the difference
         | of alpha males in zoos and nature as an "alpha male myth".
         | 
         | > It's clear that this meets some emotional/psychological need
         | for them.
         | 
         | It doesn't. I could give a rats ass whether a wolf pack has a
         | male and female alpha ( aka father and mother ). The only ones
         | emotionally upset about alpha males are people like you who for
         | some odd reason want to deny it's existence, reality be damned.
         | 
         | It's ridiculous that those denying reality are the one's
         | accusing others of denying reality.
        
         | dspillett wrote:
         | I think in part it is that the flawed study might actually be
         | relevant to them because of the flaw. It studied captive wolves
         | in an unnaturally constrained (and therefore competitive)
         | environment, and that is how some people feel a lot of the
         | time.
         | 
         | Trying to be the alpha in such a situation, so they can look
         | down at the others and feel better, instead of doing anything
         | to try actually improve the world, is an unhealthy reaction,
         | but one I can at least understand.
         | 
         | Trying to be an "alpha" irrespective and create that sort of
         | situation for others, on the other hand, is rather despicable.
         | 
         | Another factor in the longevity of alpha/beta/other
         | designations is that they don't only come from that study (and
         | those that followed it, or it referenced). The terms were used
         | elsewhere both in science and fiction (and, specifically, in
         | well known science fiction such as Huxley's "Brave New World"
         | which pre-dates the publication of Schenkel's infamous wolf
         | study by a decade and a half).
        
           | crawfordcomeaux wrote:
           | Yes! We're all captive in capitalist, imperial, colonial
           | patriarchal systems that have wrapped the globe.
        
             | snowfarthing wrote:
             | On the contrary, the so-called "capitalism" that emerges
             | when we respect individual rights is the one way we can
             | escape this.
             | 
             | Too much emphasis is placed on government regulation and
             | corporate environments to "make things right" when, in the
             | end, they are all just rigid bureaucratic structures that
             | trap people and force them into heirarchies.
             | 
             | For my entire life, I have mostly tried to conform to this
             | -- albeit mostly focusing on startups because they are more
             | likely to value individuals, and less likely to have rigid
             | structure and tradition -- but I'm only just now realizing
             | that my autistic and ADHD tendencies being pigeon-holed
             | even this much is a recipe for the burnout I've experienced
             | for most of my adult life. I need to try something
             | different!
             | 
             | And if I lived in a more rigid society (all non-capitalist
             | countries are far more rigid than capitalist ones -- pretty
             | much by definition) my options for fleeing rigidity would
             | be vanishingly small.
        
               | AcerbicZero wrote:
               | This is an unfathomably based take, and you have improved
               | my day significantly. Thanks.
        
         | UniverseHacker wrote:
         | A lot of men are terrified of the idea of not seeming masculine
         | enough- and what it would mean for them romantically, socially,
         | and professionally- which is why this is appealing as an idea.
         | 
         | Supposed "alpha behaviors" are seemingly identical to toddler
         | behaviors to me. I think it's ironically non-masculine to be so
         | terrified of how you appear that you play act as basically a
         | belligerent child incapable of compromise, teamwork, or
         | navigating disagreements with dignity instead of being
         | yourself.
         | 
         | The ancient stoics had a much healthier, and more useful idea
         | of masculinity IMO- that still lets you be strong and not
         | pushed around by others inappropriately.
        
           | InsideOutSanta wrote:
           | Yes. It always struck me as incredibly insecure to make
           | thinking of how one appears to others one's whole identity.
        
             | adamanonymous wrote:
             | It's like up-badging a car. Most people won't care about
             | it. Those who are knowledgeable about it will see through
             | it. And those who actually do care about superficial things
             | like that are probably not the kind of people whose respect
             | should matter to you
        
             | mattgreenrocks wrote:
             | It is narcissistic at its core. If you had a healthy sense
             | of self, you wouldn't need to constantly be monitoring how
             | others perceive you, and trying to manage that.
        
               | UniverseHacker wrote:
               | Yes, that is absolutely the case, and while Narcissism
               | appears strong and confident from the outside, it's
               | really driven by massive amounts of anxiety and terror
               | over not appearing good enough. Narcissism is really an
               | awful disability caused by trauma that leads to a lot of
               | suffering, not something impressive and powerful.
               | 
               | This is why I suggested stoicism (and modern therapy
               | methods based on it like ACT and CBT) as a practical
               | alternative that fulfills the same emotional need in a
               | mentally healthier, and more responsible way.
               | 
               | It essentially flips this around entirely, and says the
               | only thing that really matters is how you perceive
               | yourself, e.g. knowing you are acting according to your
               | own goals and values. You can only control how you act
               | and perceive things, not what others think about you, and
               | there is no value or point in worrying about things
               | outside your control.
               | 
               | Instead of trying to "look strong" you can actually just
               | be strong- and stand by your convictions and values.
        
           | mattgreenrocks wrote:
           | Needing to always be dominant is just another weakness that
           | opens you to being manipulated.
           | 
           | Agree on the stoicism point. Inner strength is just as
           | important as external strength.
        
         | api wrote:
         | > I find it fascinating that some users here seem to be
         | attached to the concept of an alpha male, reality be damned.
         | It's clear that this meets some emotional/psychological need
         | for them.
         | 
         | Grifters and people selling right-wing politics have figured
         | out how to market to male insecurity. They're selling
         | politicians of course but also quack supplements, self-help
         | nonsense, masculinity gurus, hilarious "boot camps" where you
         | spend tens of thousands to have some dumbass yell at you, etc.
         | All that stuff will leave you still insecure, and with less
         | money.
         | 
         | Andrew Tate is probably the undisputed master of the alpha male
         | grift. He's known as an abuser of women, and he is, but really
         | men are his main marks. In a way part of his grift is to make
         | his marks utterly repulsive to most women, keeping them alone
         | and insecure and customers.
        
           | sfink wrote:
           | Sure, but don't lose sight of the fact that female insecurity
           | has been leveraged and marketed to as well, for pretty much
           | forever. Fashion, makeup, beauty standards -- flip through a
           | magazine and look at the ads, and think about what the ads
           | are suggesting the reader needs or would benefit from, and
           | further think about whether the reader will be more or less
           | insecure afterwards.
           | 
           | (And male insecurity has always been a target. Don't let that
           | bully kick sand at you at the beach! But I agree that the
           | targeting has recently been vastly more tuned and optimized
           | and the most egregious forms have become socially
           | acceptable.)
        
             | api wrote:
             | That's what I was getting at -- historically female
             | insecurity has been more aggressively targeted, but that's
             | been changing. I now see all kinds of marketing and
             | propaganda tilted toward male insecurity, a lot more than I
             | remember.
        
         | ineptech wrote:
         | Well put, but the countermeme ("Hey did you hear that the alpha
         | wolf thing was bullshit?") seems to be as popular or moreso
         | than what it's displacing. I did some light googling yesterday
         | to see if I could find any references of "alpha wolf" before
         | the 40s, and all I could find was page after page of articles
         | exactly like TFA.
         | 
         | I think the same reasoning applies - it is vague and easy to
         | apply and people want it to be true - just for different
         | people.
        
           | indoordin0saur wrote:
           | This is my thought. I have no attachment to the idea, I've
           | been comfortably and happily married for years. But
           | dismissing the idea of "an alpha" among animals seems stupid
           | based on one study. Isn't this the case among gorillas,
           | lions, etc? And it apparently is the truth even among wolves
           | in certain circumstances as the study points out. The OP
           | should apply the same logic to interrogate his own motivated
           | reasoning.
        
             | ineptech wrote:
             | I think the truth is in the middle: people took what they
             | wanted from the study in the 40s, and people are taking
             | what they want from the updated study as well. Worse, the
             | topic seems to be popular enough that it's being used as
             | seo spam now. At this point, if someone with a deep
             | understanding of both wolf behavior and human behavior were
             | to review all available data, think deeply on the subject,
             | draw meaningful and valuable insights, and write a popular
             | essay conveying them, I don't know how I'd find it among
             | all the dross.
             | 
             | I guess it has a life of its own now. Seems like a good
             | example of the semiotics concept of the signifier becoming
             | disconnected from the signified: a heated debate over the
             | finer points of wolf pack social dynamics being carried out
             | by people with no particular knowledge of or interest in
             | wolves.
        
           | neves wrote:
           | May be, but I never heard about it till I read this article
           | in HN. Sincerely, I didn't even know that alpha-male was
           | related to wolves :-)
        
         | zosima wrote:
         | The simple fact is that alpha males are a fact of nature. In
         | wolves and in lions and maybe especially in primates like
         | baboons and gorillas.
         | 
         | It's hilarious that something so obvious is considered worth
         | denying, but I guess it's an example of how intellectualization
         | can be used to exploit psychological weakness.
        
           | cogman10 wrote:
           | > The simple fact is that alpha males are a fact of nature.
           | In wolves and in lions
           | 
           | Dude, you are literally responding to someone arguing that
           | alphas are real with an article that completely disproves
           | your thesis.
           | 
           | This isn't even a new revelation. Biologists have long known
           | that the whole "wolf alpha" thing was BS.
           | 
           | But further, we aren't wolves, we aren't lions. Male lions
           | taking over a pride will murder all the cubs, should we?
           | Female Cynomolgus monkeys will have sex with every male in
           | the troupe so as to confuse who that father is of the
           | offspring, should we?
           | 
           | No species of animal is the same and there are no "norms" in
           | the animal kingdom.
           | 
           | Nothing more beta than confidently spouting BS without taking
           | the time to research your own positions.
        
           | jachee wrote:
           | Did you even _read_ the article?
        
             | tstrimple wrote:
             | Reading articles that challenge your world view isn't a
             | very "alpha" behavior unfortunately.
        
       | BurningFrog wrote:
       | This essay is decent workplace leadership advice.
       | 
       | The connection to wolf pack social dynamics is very thin.
        
       | P_I_Staker wrote:
       | I'm in disagree. They wolves tent to have a "big bad wolf". Now
       | most wolves would never enter a house and eat bear soup, but some
       | ofthe are quit psychopathic and can bring food back for the pack.
       | 
       | What this article doesn't mention is the eating of puppies. The
       | big bad wolf is not a gentle wolf.
        
       | midhunsezhi wrote:
       | Great article but is missing sources with citations so I ran the
       | content against GPTZero's source finder -
       | https://app.gptzero.me/documents/124f8c4d-9fd4-43c4-93f9-713...
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | Forget the captivity part, the fact that _people aren 't wolves_
       | is what always bothered me about this dumb idea.
        
       | muzani wrote:
       | I feel that rather than disproving the alpha myth, this
       | emphasizes that it works well in cages.
       | 
       | What makes a cage? I'd say something where sustainability is a
       | factor - there are limited leads, limited work, limited
       | territory. People slow down otherwise they become too productive,
       | deplete the work available, and get laid off. Hierarchies evolve
       | around controlling these limited resources. All the danger is
       | internal. There's constant resources coming in from god knows
       | where, so budgeting takes priority over hunting.
        
         | indoordin0saur wrote:
         | Yes. It seems almost like a tautology that alphas arise in
         | environments with scarcity and competition.
        
       | indoordin0saur wrote:
       | The author obviously wants to critique the machismo culture built
       | into capitalism (which is totally fine!) but he seems to
       | inherently subscribe to the naturalistic fallacy without being
       | aware of it. Thus he feels the need to dismiss the idea of "alpha
       | male" hierarchies in nature as non-existent as a way to dismiss
       | them within our own society. You really don't need to do this and
       | IMO, the flimsy premise of the start of his argument undermines
       | his conclusion for society (which I actually agree with). Just
       | because a certain type of sociological system exists within
       | nature doesn't mean it's one we, as humans, should want for
       | ourselves.
        
       | spandrew wrote:
       | > Consider how these dynamics manifest in Silicon Valley, where
       | Facebook's infamous "move fast and break things" mantra shaped a
       | generation of tech culture. This emphasis on speed and disruption
       | at any cost has created work environments that mirror the
       | artificial pressures of captivity, where displaying dominance
       | often takes precedence over fostering sustainable innovation. -
       | 
       | Yeaa..... this is a huge stretch. I'm not a hustle culture
       | proponent by any means (Patagonia's 'let them go surfing' seems
       | great to me!), but "Move fast and break things" is a pragmatic
       | mantra that speaks to the nature of enterprises in highly
       | competitive markets.
       | 
       | Laypeople will balk at the idea of "breaking things". But that's
       | hubris. It takes humility to admit that the breaking things part
       | of discovery and invention isn't _isn 't optional_. Fast or slow,
       | you will break things pursuing an idea unknown space. The mantra
       | speaks to the need to adjust risk tolerances in futuristic-
       | leaning businesses.
       | 
       | There are other ways, of course. Bio-med breaks things in
       | controlled trials, for example. But it's also slow as molasses.
       | Rife with in-fighting.
       | 
       | But to equate alpha-male captivity with futuristic pragmatism is
       | a huge reach.
        
       | nubianwarrior wrote:
       | This thread is a hiring manager's dream; imagine identifying a
       | candidate's emotional intelligence through their HN comments.
       | Woof, indeed.
        
       | boh wrote:
       | The Alpha thing was always cringy. Reminded me of the way people
       | used to take Buzzfeed quizzes that would define who they are. "It
       | says I'm a Gryffindor because I'm brave!". Identity is a
       | bottomless pit of manipulation and self-delusion.
        
       | int_19h wrote:
       | Does it even matter?
       | 
       | Let's assume for the sake of argument that the "alpha myth" is
       | actually true as it pertains to humans, and the most aggressive
       | and dominating ones rise to the top.
       | 
       | Now look around you. Who are those people at the top of your
       | society who unironically refer to themselves as "alphas" and
       | embrace all the rhetoric around that, and what kind of world do
       | they create around them?
        
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