[HN Gopher] Marginalia - A search engine that prioritizes non-co...
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       Marginalia - A search engine that prioritizes non-commercial
       content
        
       Author : herbertl
       Score  : 535 points
       Date   : 2025-01-27 01:39 UTC (21 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (marginalia-search.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (marginalia-search.com)
        
       | yurisalazar wrote:
       | Wow, this project has been going on for 3 years, amazing stuff, I
       | love reading devlogs
        
       | disqard wrote:
       | If somebody hasn't been following this, it's one person's passion
       | project, and it doesn't aim to compete with Google/Bing/DDG.
       | 
       | It's more of a way to find interesting things on the "small web".
       | 
       | Please keep that in mind when you check this out.
       | 
       | (I'm not the creator)
        
         | lolinder wrote:
         | I don't know if something has changed since then, but in 2023
         | the author did quit their job to start working on the search
         | engine full time [0]. So yes, it's a passion project, but it's
         | also not _just_ a side project.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.marginalia.nu/log/83_full_time/
        
           | barbs wrote:
           | That's really cool, although I'm curious about their plans to
           | monetize the site, if any.
        
             | ChemTails wrote:
             | According to the creator, $200/month will maintain
             | operations. He doesn't mention plans to monetize.
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | The plan as much as there is one is to have very little
               | costs, provide outsized value and somehow scrape by on
               | grants, public donations. I'm currently set for about 1-2
               | more years of full time work (had 6 months' funds + a 1
               | year grant when I left my job 18 months ago).
        
               | mannycalavera42 wrote:
               | I simply _LOVE_ and _LOVE_ and _LOVE_ marginalia. Keep
               | rocking mate
        
         | eitland wrote:
         | > If somebody hasn't been following this, it's one person's
         | passion project, and it doesn't aim to compete with
         | Google/Bing/DDG.
         | 
         | That is correct.
         | 
         | But I used[1] to find that in certain niches (Linux and open
         | source software, history) I'd often get significantly better
         | results with Marginalia than with Google or DDG.
         | 
         | This seems to be related both to
         | 
         | - the input stupidifier that seems to be in use with mainstream
         | search engines (if I search for anything unusual it assumes I
         | misspelled or mis-remembered and replace my search with
         | something I didn't search for before sending it to the backend)
         | 
         | - and mainstream engines going out of their way to prefer
         | corporate media over original, authorative content
         | 
         | > It's more of a way to find interesting things on the "small
         | web".
         | 
         | Yes, he keeps saying that, but it was[2] still not just
         | _interesting_ but _useful_ for me.
         | 
         | [1][2]: past tense because I switched to Kagi almost 3 years
         | ago and now I don't have to maintain all the hacks (like
         | separate search engines for separate niche topics) that I used
         | to have. Full disclaimer: I know certain other people
         | frequently want to contest this, saying they get great results
         | with Google or bad results with Kagi, to which all I have to
         | say is _I_ have documented history of Google consistently
         | failing even simple queries going more than a decade back and
         | if Google works for you, more power to you, but it hasn 't work
         | reliably for me for over a decade and I am fed up.
        
       | metadat wrote:
       | My personal website has 0-ads or anything malicious, 100%
       | original content, yet it still doesn't show up in the first 5
       | pages when searching marginalia for `<first-name> <last-name>'.
       | There are some marginally noteworthy folks who share my name, but
       | it's basically some artist nobody cares about, a Floridian pest
       | control expert who I regularly get mis-addressed email replies
       | from, and a low-ranked pro football player with an unexceptional
       | web presence nobody appears to care about. I thought I could at
       | least eek out a out #4 or #3, but no?
       | 
       | I imagined my ad-free, www-free, firstname-lastname domain would
       | be welcome on marginalia, but it seems deranked just like what
       | Google has inexplicably done since I bought the domain. Despite
       | following best practices and webmaster console recommendations. A
       | squatter owned the domain for some time before 2010, but there's
       | no evidence of interesting nefarious activity.
       | 
       | My first name-lastname GitHub account, linked from my site
       | homepage, has a noteworthy number of open-source contributions to
       | all sorts of projects.
       | 
       | P.s. marginalia_nu: Your Java and architectural design is
       | beautiful, you're a true craftsman. <3 Best in show.
        
         | roywiggins wrote:
         | Are you sure you're in the index?
         | 
         | https://github.com/MarginaliaSearch/submit-site-to-marginali...
        
           | metadat wrote:
           | Do all sites manually submit themselves via PR? I'm happy to
           | do it, never encountered this information previously.
        
             | stebalien wrote:
             | If and only if your site isn't already referenced by some
             | other site in the index (see option A).
        
             | marginalia_nu wrote:
             | (Creator of the search engine) It's not required, they will
             | be discovered eventually, though it's a way of speeding up
             | the process, as the index is anything but exhaustive still.
        
               | nonrandomstring wrote:
               | Submitted manually more than once in the last year and
               | still no listings.
               | 
               | Completely understand that you'd be overwhelmed by bots,
               | that personally curating sites is beyond human effort,
               | and that you want to be choosy.
               | 
               | But I've a site that is clearly non-commercial,
               | definitely "marginal" interest, full of completely
               | original human-generated content, yet sadly I've never
               | seen a hit from Marginalia in the logs despite trying to
               | get listed.
               | 
               | Are you excluding certain content? Political? Anti-
               | Bigtech? Sites "related to hacking"?
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | I'm blacklisting a few websites that are very spammy,
               | like e-pharma spam and the like, and a small number of
               | websites that are in very poor taste, but it should tell
               | you that the domain is blocked if you use the site
               | inspector[1].
               | 
               | Either way, I'd love to investigate to see what's going
               | on. Mind sharing the domain name? Either here, or if you
               | don't want to doxx yourself, email contact@marginalia-
               | search.com
               | 
               | [1] https://marginalia-search.com/site
        
               | nonrandomstring wrote:
               | Thank you, I will DM you as suggested.
        
         | kristopolous wrote:
         | I'm up on the first page, in some thing from 17 years ago.
         | 
         | The internet is kind of like a fire. Most things go away but a
         | few things miraculously survive for fairly unexpected and
         | benign reasons.
        
           | metadat wrote:
           | I suppose the real question is: How heavily does Marginalia
           | consider Google (and other primary indices) ranking? Because
           | Google inexplicably hates my good-actor domain and continues
           | to instead promote the likes of cyberciti[d0t]bjz and
           | nixcrapt[d0t]c0m.
        
             | hcs wrote:
             | I doubt that it considers Google at all, just submit your
             | site.
        
             | marginalia_nu wrote:
             | Not looking at Google at all. All indexing is custom and
             | in-house.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | Could you email me the domain name to contact@marginalia-
         | search.com (or share it here if you don't mind linking it to
         | your account)? I'll have a look and see what's up.
         | 
         | > P.s. marginalia_nu: Your Java and architectural design is
         | beautiful, you're a true craftsman. <3 Best in show
         | 
         | Well like any project this size (especially when it's a one man
         | show) it has its warts and the design isn't entirely
         | uncontroversial[1], but I'm pretty happy with it.
         | 
         | [1] Last time I posted about it someone likened it to
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8OnoxKotPQ , not entirely
         | unfairly, though it does look like it does for very solid
         | reasons that go beyond "netflix uses microservices", which is
         | usually where things don't work out so well.
        
       | hatefulmoron wrote:
       | I don't have anything unique to say, but I love when this project
       | comes up on HN. The project exemplifies what a patient and loving
       | hand can do.
        
         | nostradumbasp wrote:
         | same. I was thinking about doing something similar at some
         | point but this exceeds my expectations. Seriously a great job.
         | Let us know if theres anyway to contribute.
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | Well it's open source and contributions are welcome, though
           | it's a fairly sprawling java project that's probably not the
           | easiest to get into still (through no lack of effort making
           | it more accessible):
           | https://github.com/MarginaliaSearch/MarginaliaSearch
           | 
           | If you have spare dollars but not time, you can also
           | contribute to the war chest: https://about.marginalia-
           | search.com/article/supporting/
        
       | rossdavidh wrote:
       | Decided to repeat my last few google searches ("celery", "Wardian
       | case", and "ferry from Italy to Greece", if you're curious), and
       | it came up with reasonable answers as the top one in every case!
       | I will give it a try.
        
       | ajdude wrote:
       | I really like the search engine, and I am absolutely adding it to
       | my rotation when searching for interesting things
        
         | ycombinete wrote:
         | I use it whenever I'm searching for cooking recipes. It's how I
         | found the Cooking for Engineers forums.
         | 
         | https://www.cookingforengineers.com/forums
        
       | rafaelgoncalves wrote:
       | whoa, didn't know this project, looks really incredible, will add
       | to my others search engines and give a try, thanks for the
       | devs/creators and hope for success to you all!
        
       | Levitating wrote:
       | I recently wrote an essay about this search engine, and its
       | ranking algorithms.
       | 
       | Initially Marginalia used an interesting variant of PageRank
       | discussed in the original paper, called Personal Pagerank.[1]
       | Currently pages are ranked with BM25.
       | 
       | I think Personalized PageRank is still used for a new feature of
       | Marginalia which is ranking pages based on similarity. I think
       | this is already integrated into the website but there used to
       | only be this testing page: https://explore2.marginalia.nu/
       | 
       | In any case I have a lot of respect for the creator. Marginalia
       | has seen a lot of growth and it's been interesting reading the
       | blogposts.[2]
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.marginalia.nu/log/26-personalized-pagerank/ [2]:
       | https://www.marginalia.nu/log/
        
         | _emacsomancer_ wrote:
         | where is the recent essay?
        
           | Levitating wrote:
           | It was for a university assignment, I am not sure if I could
           | or should share it.
        
             | hooli_gan wrote:
             | If you don't share the task description or other materials
             | provided by your university, I don't see the problem with
             | sharing your essay. (Not a lawyer)
        
               | hmlwilliams wrote:
               | It's a sure fire way to get your uni submission
               | incorrectly flagged as plagiarism. How straightforward it
               | is to prove you're the original author varies by
               | institution.
        
             | _emacsomancer_ wrote:
             | Ah, that makes sense - didn't really it was a uni thing.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | I'm using PPR for domain rankings, but it's a very weak factor.
         | It mostly affects the physical ordering on the results in the
         | index, and given that queries have a timeout they'll execute
         | for, it makes it so that higher ranking results are discovered
         | first. Though in general, as I mentioned, this is a weak
         | effect.
         | 
         | Explore2 and the website discovery tools now built into the
         | search engine are using cosine similarity of the incident link
         | vectors. I wrote a blog post about the technique called "Creepy
         | Website Similarity" available :-)
         | https://www.marginalia.nu/log/69-creepy-website-similarity/
        
       | BOOSTERHIDROGEN wrote:
       | I am aware that SearxNG has chosen to remove the engine;
       | hopefully, a mutually beneficial agreement can be reached.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | SearxNG integration didn't work great, in part because they had
         | some issues where they were hitting the search engine like a
         | shotgun with 10+ identical requests, but also because the API
         | has a public key that's nearly unusable due to bot spam,
         | meaning anyone who wants to route traffic to marginalia search
         | needs to email me and get a key. Not a super convenient system.
         | 
         | I'm not opposed to seeing a return of the integration though it
         | probably could do with some more design work.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Much discussed under its previous domain (marginalia.nu):
       | 
       |  _Phrase matching in Marginalia Search_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41696046 - Sept 2024 (24
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Marginalia: 3 Years_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39501061 - Feb 2024 (44
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Interview with Viktor Lofgren from Marginalia Search_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38470832 - Nov 2023 (21
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Moving Marginalia to a new server_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37800753 - Oct 2023 (39
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Marginalia.nu API_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35871186 - May 2023 (22
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Marginalia: DIY search engine that focuses on non-commercial
       | content_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35611923 - April
       | 2023 (193 comments)
       | 
       |  _Marginalia Search has received an NLNet grant_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34945541 - Feb 2023 (17
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _A Theoretical Justification (2021)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32586273 - Aug 2022 (22
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Evolution of Marginalia 's Crawling_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32565052 - Aug 2022 (22
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Marginalia Goes Open Source_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31536626 - May 2022 (72
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Uncertain Future for Marginalia Search_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31200319 - April 2022 (37
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Marginalia Search: 1 Year_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30823481 - March 2022 (29
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Show HN: Marginalia - Exploration Mode_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30047455 - Jan 2022 (53
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _A search engine that favors text-heavy sites and punishes
       | modern web design_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28550764 - Sept 2021 (717
       | comments)
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=marginalia_nu
        
         | Funes- wrote:
         | Hell yeah. The very first one was submitted by yours truly. I
         | love this project and hope to work on similar ones in the near
         | future.
        
       | dredmorbius wrote:
       | I'm surprised to see that, as of now at least, there's apparently
       | no Marginalia bang search at DDG:
       | 
       | <https://duckduckgo.com/bangs?q=marginalia>
       | 
       | I've submitted it as a suggestion.
        
       | modzu wrote:
       | very cool, but wish i could remember the name
        
       | cratermoon wrote:
       | I'm less than impressed with the quality of results. Sure, the
       | sites linked are _generally_ not commercial, although various
       | stackexchange.com posts show up, as to a lot of wordpress.com and
       | blogspot.com blogs. Some sketchy results seemed highly ranked,
       | too, include conspiracy theorists and fringe ideas.
        
       | benreesman wrote:
       | I don't have much to add other than to say that this is the most
       | pleasant and useful and wholesome thing I've seen on the web in a
       | long time. The technology looks extremely solid and the
       | experience is flawless.
       | 
       | To the author, thank you so much for this trip to the glory days
       | of the Internet.
        
       | vekker wrote:
       | Awesome! The name is just a bit funny if your native tongue is
       | Dutch.
        
         | jorams wrote:
         | Is it? The word means the same in English as it does in Dutch.
        
       | miki123211 wrote:
       | I tried a few relatively simple terms in the areas I have an
       | interest in, e.g. ("attention is all you need paper", "sip rfc",
       | "klatt speech synthesizer", "crafting interpreters book", "Scott
       | Alexander Substack"), and none of them actually produced the
       | results I expected.
       | 
       | Marginalia seems to work okay-ish if you want to learn _about_
       | something, but not if you want to _find_ something.
       | 
       | If you want to read what people think about Scott Alexander's
       | Substack, you will get some decent results, but not if you want
       | to find the newsletter itself.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | Yeah navigational queries are a bit hit and miss, but I feel
         | google does them very well as is so it's not a huge priority
         | area. I've mostly been focusing my efforts on the stuff Google
         | is bad at, finding human content about some topic.
        
       | marginalia_nu wrote:
       | (Creator here) I recently moved the website from
       | search.marginalia.nu to marginalia-search.com and gave it a bit
       | of a visual touch up, on the basis that I felt it was working too
       | well to be a weird subdomain outgrowth off my blog.
       | 
       | It's still the same search engine :-)
        
         | alberth wrote:
         | Any reason why you don't use a shorter domain name?
         | 
         | (Amazing what you built, btw)
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | Hard to find one that makes sense and isn't inscrutable like
           | mxyzp.tlk.
           | 
           | If I ever do find one that's appropriate I might set up a
           | CNAME record to point to marginalia-search.com
        
             | alberth wrote:
             | FYI - https://www.dynadot.com/market/search has a nice way
             | you can filter their Aftermarket domains for sales by
             | Character Count, TLD, No IDN/Number/Hyphens.
             | 
             | I've found over the years plenty of <= 5 character domains
             | that have a meaningful name just from using their search
             | filters.
             | 
             | (I'm not affiliated in anyway to them)
        
         | axiomdata316 wrote:
         | It looks like the "random" button on the old version no longer
         | works. Did you remove that feature?
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | Hmm, I think it's just a broken redirect. It works if you
           | search for browse:random . I'll try to fix it later today.
        
         | stackghost wrote:
         | Lately there's been some consternation in the small-web
         | community about the aggressive crawling by OpenAI and friends.
         | 
         | How often does yours (re)crawl its indexed sites?
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | I do a big recrawl around once every 10 weeks, but I have a
           | RSS crawler that does daily visits and fetches new items. But
           | that should be very low volume traffic.
        
             | stackghost wrote:
             | Interesting, does your RSS crawler auto-detect feeds?
             | That's a neat solution I'd never considered.
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | The big crawler tries to find feeds, and the RSS crawler
               | acts on what the big one has found.
        
       | Llamamoe wrote:
       | I haven't had much luck using it as a search engine, but I ADORE
       | using the "explore random websites" feature[1], and just browsing
       | random personal blogs and sites, or kitsch neocity pages.
       | 
       | All of it feels so human and is a joy to view, in contrast to the
       | raw garbage Google spews at me whenever I bother to use it.
       | 
       | [1] https://search.marginalia.nu/explore/random
        
       | biohcacker84 wrote:
       | I've noticed an uptick of new search engines.
       | 
       | Likely because of the enshitification of google.
       | 
       | But what is most on my mind, is how the enshitification of google
       | might have affected the global economy.....
       | 
       | Allow me to try and explain. Market efficiency is deeply tied to
       | market information. And early google was fantastic at providing
       | accurate and valuable information. It's hard to put into words,
       | and I am not aware of any studies, but it felt like it sped up
       | and/or made the whole economy more efficient.
       | 
       | And today it feels like that has been lost. And I wonder if there
       | could ever be formal accounting to detect how much peak google
       | contributed to.... not so much GDP, but how the economy
       | functions. And compare to today.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | I honestly think this is as much the enshittification of google
         | as it is the enshittification of the web. Early google was
         | great in large part because the early web had a much better
         | signal to noise ratio.
         | 
         | Going on for well over a decade we've been putting far more
         | slop on the web than useful content. It really adds up over
         | time.
         | 
         | I also feel this is largely why the GPTs have been so
         | successful. They're if nothing else a lot less annoying than
         | the web search experience has become.
        
           | plagiarist wrote:
           | I agree, though I think Google and all the adtech companies
           | share a lot of the blame for the structure of the modern web.
           | 
           | The result is current web search returns static output from
           | smaller models in the form of affiliate marketing listicles.
           | Using a larger LLM directly on your query is simply better.
           | There is a semantic/vector search happening with them such
           | that there might be relevant terms or concepts even in a
           | false answer. That's a step forward towards real information
           | at least. That doesn't happen with the listicles.
        
           | eitland wrote:
           | > I honestly think this is as much the enshittification of
           | google as it is the enshittification of the web. Early google
           | was great in large part because the early web had a much
           | better signal to noise ratio.
           | 
           | Hi again! Lots of respect for your work.
           | 
           | This thing I considered for a while but I am now certain that
           | it cannot be the whole explanation.
           | 
           | Why? Because for me Kagi has consistently outperformed Google
           | to the point where it feels like having Google 2009 back,
           | just with some extra improvements: It finds the things I ask
           | for and prioritise in a good way so I rarely have to look for
           | page 2 or anything.
        
         | rapnie wrote:
         | And DDG also enshittifies from its glory days of being an
         | ethical alternative, where their AI prefers to e.g. explain a
         | commercial service in their Assist section at the top, and not
         | the common dictionary term.
        
           | yegg wrote:
           | For clarity, we have not changed anything with regards to our
           | vision and there is currently no commercial intent infused
           | into Assist, which can also be turned off. That said, I'd
           | love to follow up on this example -- which query in
           | particular?
        
       | black_puppydog wrote:
       | This is for English content only, right? I'm trying with some
       | specifically French queries and it only gives me (relevant, but)
       | English results.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | Yeah, for now I'm focusing on doing English search well before
         | I tackle additional languages. It's some effort to get it
         | working well for any given language, and I don't think a search
         | engine that doesn't work well is going to make anyone happy.
        
       | AndrewStephens wrote:
       | This is great - as a site owner I especially appreciated that you
       | publish discovered backlinks. I discovered a few that I didn't
       | know about thanks to your service.
        
       | fsflover wrote:
       | Looks similar to https://wiby.me.
        
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