[HN Gopher] No one is disrupting banks - at least not the big ones
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       No one is disrupting banks - at least not the big ones
        
       Author : kazanins
       Score  : 211 points
       Date   : 2025-01-26 14:05 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.popularfintech.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.popularfintech.com)
        
       | hobs wrote:
       | This implies someone can take deposits and issue loans in a
       | "better" way, when the main feature of this type of business to
       | customers is showing up with extremely low risk of losing
       | deposits, not innovation.
       | 
       | Credit cards are not taking deposits and issuing loans in a
       | traditional sense, they are fee generation machines that are
       | externalized which would not generally be "traditional banking".
        
         | doomroot wrote:
         | There are other banking models that are needed. Look into
         | Custodia Bank's model (SPDI). Full reserve system meant to
         | backstop high risk (but legal) businesses. They went through a
         | multi-year lawsuit around the start of 2020 with the fed who
         | didn't want them to exist, ultimately lost.
        
           | intalentive wrote:
           | Custodia Bank marks the second enterprise in this thread that
           | attempted to gain direct access to the Fed, bypassing
           | intermediate banks, but was rebuffed. The other was Reserve
           | Trust. Is it possible to obtain and make use of a Fed "Master
           | account"?
        
       | Red_Comet_88 wrote:
       | No one is disrupting banks because the mega banks have the sole
       | power of creating credit out of thin air, and no upstart fintech
       | company has this power. To gain this power requires the creation
       | of a bank, which as you can imagine, is probably the most gate-
       | kept activity on earth.
       | 
       | Andreesen talked about this in his Rogan appearance. The banks
       | and gov brought the hammer down on crypto because it was a
       | legitimate threat to the banking cabal which runs the American
       | Empire.
        
         | scarface_74 wrote:
         | Yes and crypto doesn't have any inherent risk like a sitting
         | President creating a crypto currency where he has 80% of the
         | currency, will probably make a half billion dollars and then do
         | a rug pull.
         | 
         | https://fortune.com/2025/01/22/donald-trump-net-worth-memeco...
        
           | Waterluvian wrote:
           | That's the thing I can't ever come to understand about
           | crypto. It's purely about perception of value. At least with
           | some precious metal, it has a floor value as a function of
           | its practical uses and abundance.
           | 
           | Which leads me to believe that the only thing that could be
           | honestly said is that a crypto is purely about winners and
           | suckers and timing.
        
             | mlinhares wrote:
             | In this specific case its also about buying access, so I
             | doubt he'll rug pull, he can just direct the access
             | requests to buy something.
        
             | sali0 wrote:
             | The legal landscape forced the industry to be purely
             | financial. Hopefully this changes soon.
        
             | doomroot wrote:
             | There are pros and cons of cryptocurrencies as money, just
             | like gold, which cause people to speculate on the price.
        
               | myvoiceismypass wrote:
               | What are the pros of the trump coin or the melania coin?
        
               | Cthulhu_ wrote:
               | A brainwashed group of drones that are willling to pay
               | money for it.
               | 
               | But I'm convinced most people that buy memecoins like
               | that are thinking that there's other suckers that will
               | buy it and make the price go up.
        
             | tenthirtyam wrote:
             | > At least with some precious metal, it has a floor value
             | as a function of its practical uses and abundance.
             | 
             | I don't really give this argument much credence any more.
             | If the value of, say, gold or diamonds were to drop their
             | practical-use-floor-value, they'd be valued at probably
             | less than 1% (maybe much less) of current value. I mean,
             | how much gold is actually _consumed_ by industry? And we
             | even have industrial diamonds now.
             | 
             | A friend argued to me that crypto is "A Terrible Thing"
             | because its just used to fuel the (illegal) narcotics
             | industry. At this point, I'm doubting that too - the market
             | cap of all crpyto, and the value being transacted e.g.
             | daily volume, has increased massively recently. Are we to
             | believe that narcotics have caused that? I can't imagine so
             | - more likely to me it's around 90-99% speculation which,
             | you might well argue, is "Another Terrible Thing."
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | I think the main thing precious metals have going for
               | them is tradition. That's no small thing. They've been
               | considered valuable for millennia, and that's likely to
               | continue. Bitcoin might be replaced by some other fad in
               | a decade.
               | 
               | It's like if you're betting on a religion, Christianity
               | is more likely to last than Scientology. They might both
               | be equally made up, but one has demonstrated staying
               | power.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | I mean, this is all true which is why we have fiat
               | currencies.
               | 
               | The UK government has consistently honoured debt for
               | longer then the US has existed, for example.
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | Inflation, and especially _controlled_ inflation, is much
               | easier with fiat money. Most governments see it as an
               | extremely valuable tool.
        
               | amluto wrote:
               | The actual market value of diamonds is pretty low. You
               | can pay a jeweler a lot of money for a shiny diamond, but
               | good luck reselling it for a similar amount of money.
               | 
               | Gold, OTOH, is fungible. You can melt it, mold it into
               | different shapes bars, resell it, etc.
        
               | jajko wrote:
               | With diamond jewelry, you pay mostly for the manual work
               | of jeweler since folks don't go to jewelry shops to buy a
               | diamond stone alone. If we talk about gold bars, no
               | sophisticated manual work involved, just pouring molten
               | gold into some mold on semi-industrial automated scale.
               | 
               | If you buy sophisticated golden jewelry, you also pay ton
               | for work that nobody else may appreciate. Sure you can
               | get it smelted into something else, but you burn most of
               | the original value, and some more on the change itself.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | > A friend argued to me that crypto is "A Terrible Thing"
               | because its just used to fuel the (illegal) narcotics
               | industry.
               | 
               | My general argument against this is that Ransomware
               | _predates_ Crypto.
               | 
               | There's also the whole Regan airlifted Iran literal USD
               | for helping him win a presidential election so you don't
               | need crypto for scummy behavior.
        
               | spiritplumber wrote:
               | Diamond value went through the window already (as it
               | should), if gold came down to use value, we'd see it used
               | more for electronics and electrochemistry.
        
               | flakeoil wrote:
               | It's of course not the criminal use of crypto that has
               | caused the price to increase so much lately, but the use
               | of it for criminal activity is one of its main real use
               | cases (apart from speculation which is not a real use
               | case).
        
               | rasmus-kirk wrote:
               | > A friend argued to me that crypto is "A Terrible Thing"
               | because its just used to fuel the (illegal) narcotics
               | industry.
               | 
               | That's a good thing, though.
               | 
               | Jokes aside, as a person who loves crypto technologically
               | and agrees with the more cipherpunk roots of bitcoin, I
               | have not seen anyone serious use crypto for anything
               | other than drugs or small transactions, just for the sake
               | of it. People usually just seems to hoard the stuff,
               | which is incredibly stupid since the main value
               | proposition of crypto is being able to transact it. I
               | almost respect the people buying drugs with it more,
               | since they at least use cryptocurrency, rather than just
               | speculating in its value to fuel their gambling
               | addiction.
        
               | tenthirtyam wrote:
               | > a person who loves crypto technologically and agrees
               | with the more cipherpunk roots of bitcoin
               | 
               | Yep, that'd be me too. What gets my blood pressure rising
               | is the sheer amount of coins & tokens available now all
               | of which, bar perhaps a tiny fraction, seem to have no
               | value proposition other than "number go up". To me, NFTs
               | are the nadir of this concept. I struggle to imagine a
               | legitimate use case for any crypto that doesn't involve
               | rapid, frictionless transacting.
               | 
               | For example, there are a couple of fantastic services,
               | like "Cauldron DEX" or "BCHBull" (no affiliation) - smart
               | contracts which allow for trustless swapping of tokens.
               | The concept is genius and the execution here seems very
               | good (to me, non cryptographer) but, again, what can I do
               | with these tokens or coins I've traded except trade them
               | later for some other token or coin?
               | 
               | BCHBull seems to allow exposure to commodities and some
               | fiat currencies - that makes it comparable I suppose to
               | actual currency or commodity speculation which has been
               | going on for centuries. One might still argue "what can I
               | do with all this gold except trade it later for oil?"
               | but, well, that seems to be a weaker criticism.
        
               | buu700 wrote:
               | Agreed, but unironically. US tobacco consumption is at a
               | historic low, while people are dying from an opioid
               | epidemic and fentanyl contamination, and somehow the War
               | on Drugs is nearly unquestioned as good policy?
               | Prosecuting people for making poor health choices is such
               | an extreme and frankly insane idea.
               | 
               | Let's go back to selling Bayer Heroin(tm) at pharmacies,
               | with sensible regulations. That would better position us
               | to minimize narcotic use over the long term, while also
               | making it safer, and defunding the cartels while we're at
               | it. In the meantime, if someone is going to do drugs, I'm
               | all for them using cryptocurrency to make the process as
               | safe as it can be given the circumstances.
        
               | Cthulhu_ wrote:
               | > I mean, how much gold is actually consumed by industry?
               | 
               | [0] indicates there's a demand of about 5000 tonnes of
               | gold per year, with about 560 tonnes going into
               | technology and electronics (the vast majority still going
               | to jewellery). The total amount of gold in the world is
               | about 212.500 tonnes according to [1], which is a cube of
               | only 22x22 meters. [2] says about 3600 tonnes are mined
               | per year and about 1200 tonnes is recycled/reused.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.gold.org/goldhub/research/gold-demand-
               | trends/gol...
               | 
               | [1] https://www.gold.org/goldhub/data/how-much-gold
               | 
               | [2] https://www.gold.org/goldhub/research/gold-demand-
               | trends/gol...
        
             | dumah wrote:
             | There's at most a zero floor value on holdings of
             | government debt, corporate equities, bank holdings, and any
             | asset held by a custodian.
             | 
             | The floor value of physical commodities with significant
             | storage costs is negative.
             | 
             | The market is aware of these possibilities and these risks
             | are generally recognized as being embedded in asset prices
             | as premiums.
        
             | halfcat wrote:
             | > _It's purely about perception of value_
             | 
             | All money has always been about perception, whether we used
             | paper, shiny rocks, or sea shells as money, it's always
             | been about perception. Is it real or counterfeit, do you
             | trust the person you're transacting with, are enough people
             | you know using it, and will people with weapons show up to
             | protect your money if someone else tries to steal it?
             | 
             | The "people with weapons" part turns out to be a key
             | component. The novel thing about crypto is that you are
             | less reliant on the "people with weapons" to protect you
             | and tell you what you're allowed to do with your money, and
             | more reliant on the "people with encryption".
        
               | wordpad25 wrote:
               | No.
               | 
               | Fiat is backed by tax base. US has more assets than debt.
               | Additionally US is the largest economy in the world, how
               | much would the right to tax it be worth? A lot.
               | 
               | It's not at all just perception and influence as you
               | claim.
        
               | macinjosh wrote:
               | So hyperinflation only happens when the tax base
               | disappears? Perception and influence is clearly part of
               | the picture.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | It's one of the core attributes. Zimbabwe wasn't going to
               | be raising a trillion dollars of revenue.
        
               | abdullahkhalids wrote:
               | US economy has been second largest for over 10 years now
               | [1].
               | 
               | [1] https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-maddison-
               | project-data...
        
               | malfist wrote:
               | I don't know where that site is pulling their data from,
               | but not even the Chinese government claims their GDP is
               | as high as that. And our GDP is higher than that site
               | claims
        
               | Detrytus wrote:
               | This is Purchase Power Parity GDP (as indicated by the
               | subtitle "This data is adjusted for inflation and
               | differences in the cost of living between countries.")
        
               | signatoremo wrote:
               | Huh, the paper cites World Bank, but WB themselves report
               | differently:
               | 
               | https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD
               | 
               | Any other official sources would tell you that US is the
               | largest economy in the world by GDP, which is the most
               | commonly accepted metric.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > Fiat is backed by tax base.
               | 
               | The general form of this is, it's backed by something
               | that will accept it as payment. But then the same is true
               | of non-fiat currencies.
               | 
               | The value of a currency is simply, what can you get when
               | you spend it?
        
             | miohtama wrote:
             | There is brand value in Trump.
             | 
             | Trump is the largest meme on this planet.
             | 
             | What should be the fair value of his fan coin?
        
               | dotcoma wrote:
               | Zero in 4 years' time.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | The American dollar is also about perception of value, but
             | via a maze of interlocking attributes that make it slow to
             | move.
             | 
             | A new fiat currency without a state sponsor is fragile by
             | comparison. Always will be.
        
               | lanstin wrote:
               | But it isn't just the military and the taxes, it is the
               | labor of all the people who are willing to work for US
               | dollars that give it value. While the majority of people
               | paid in dollars are hard working and generally honest, it
               | seems that the majority of people paid in
               | cryptocurrencies are scammers or criminals in one way or
               | the other, or else financial operators. So till more
               | people are getting paid in bitcoin or whatever I don't
               | see why anyone will find it something other than a
               | speculative asset for dollar owners.
        
             | henry_bone wrote:
             | That's true of everything we use as money, including
             | precious metals. You can't eat them, live in them, use them
             | as weapons, walk down the street in them. They have value
             | bacause we all agree that they do and we all agree to use
             | them as a means to exchange that value. Also, and this is
             | important and I should have said it first, they have value
             | because their supply is restricted.
             | 
             | The same is true for crypto. It's fungible, private, and
             | limited in supply. It's also independent of governments
             | although they are doing their level best to correct that.
        
               | losteric wrote:
               | What are you talking about? We can wear gold, make
               | weapons out of iron, cups out of copper... coins have
               | both a fiat face value and real tangible value (the
               | "floor").
               | 
               | Bitcoin has no intrinsic value. It's entirely belief.
               | 
               | That's not a bad thing. MLMs can be very profitable, some
               | turn into multi-generational institutions of faith.
               | 
               | I own bitcoin because it's like buying a share of the
               | Mormon church early on. Absolutely, do it! But comparing
               | it with gold? Come on, be real.
        
               | sgregnt wrote:
               | Bitcoin physical value is that, one way or the other,
               | billions of humans got atoms in their brains, arrange in
               | such a way that they recognize bitcoins, and have a
               | certain understanding of it's setup... this is a lot of
               | atoms, and is no small fit.
        
               | losteric wrote:
               | You're describing the belief value.
        
               | pandaman wrote:
               | It's mostly correct except it's just the governments that
               | agree to take gold and silver to settle debts (no, going
               | off "gold standard" did not change this, gold and silver
               | are still accepted as bank reserves around the world).
               | And governments have the power to take your property to
               | settle your debts with them. So for anyone, who is a
               | subject of a government assigned debt (via taxation
               | usually), gold has very practical value as it allows to
               | keep one's property.
               | 
               | The same is not generally true for crypto, perhaps in El
               | Salvador they really take crypto to settle taxes but in
               | any other country crypto only has value because of
               | speculators.
        
               | ninalanyon wrote:
               | > the governments that agree to take gold and silver to
               | settle debts (no, going off "gold standard" did not
               | change this, gold and silver are still accepted as bank
               | reserves around the world)
               | 
               | Really? Can you point us, or perhaps just me, to
               | something that explains that and which countries this
               | applies to? I think that I'd have a hard time paying the
               | Norwegian tax authorities with gold or silver. In fact
               | even paying them in cash would be difficult.
        
               | pandaman wrote:
               | >Can you point us, or perhaps just me, to something that
               | explains that and which countries this applies to?
               | 
               | Gladly
               | https://www.efginternational.com/us/insights/2021/gold-
               | and-b...
               | 
               | >I think that I'd have a hard time paying the Norwegian
               | tax authorities with gold or silver.
               | 
               | This might be even true since Norway is not in EU but I
               | would be surprised if Norwegian banking had been that
               | different from Basel system.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | > That's true of everything we use as money, including
               | precious metals.
               | 
               | To exploit this chance for quote Terry Pratchett, on a
               | book that does happen to be about currency and banking:
               | 
               | > 'The world is full of things worth more than gold. But
               | we dig the damn stuff up and then bury it in a different
               | hole. Where's the sense in that? What are we, magpies? Is
               | it all about the gleam? Good heavens, potatoes are worth
               | more than gold!'
               | 
               | > 'Surely not!'
               | 
               | > 'If you were shipwrecked on a desert island, what would
               | you prefer, a bag of potatoes or a bag of gold?'
               | 
               | > 'Yes, but a desert island isn't [the city of] Ankh-
               | Morpork!'
               | 
               | > 'And that proves gold is only valuable because we agree
               | it is, right? It's just a dream. But a potato is always
               | worth a potato, anywhere. A knob of butter and a pinch of
               | salt and you've got a meal, anywhere. Bury gold in the
               | ground and you'll be worrying about thieves for ever.
               | Bury a potato and in due season you could be looking at a
               | dividend of a thousand per cent.'
               | 
               | -- _Making Money_ by Terry Pratchett
        
               | solatic wrote:
               | Government fiat currencies have fundamental value because
               | their taxes are denominated in their fiat currency, while
               | their fiat currency is used to compensate the public
               | sector for their labor. If you, as a private citizen,
               | want to avoid the consequences of not paying your taxes
               | (e.g. prison), you best find a way to get your hands on
               | some of the fiat currency that has entered the economy
               | via the public sector workers.
               | 
               | For a cryptocoin to have fundamental value, someone must
               | be willing to accept it as payment. The only entities
               | willing to do so currently are criminal enterprises and
               | perhaps the El Salvadoran government (to pay taxes). All
               | the other uses (like cross-border payments) rely on
               | speculators on both ends providing liquidity for the
               | exchange to fiat currency.
        
             | AnthonyMouse wrote:
             | > At least with some precious metal, it has a floor value
             | as a function of its practical uses and abundance.
             | 
             | Suppose the price of gold is 80% perception of value and
             | 20% utility for making electronics etc. Then if you buy it,
             | 80% of what you buy is perception of value. You could get
             | the same result by buying 80% Bitcoin and 20% commodity
             | rock salt. Is someone who buys the latter any more of a
             | sucker? What about somebody who then decides to divest the
             | rock salt because it has a below-market rate of return when
             | they have no direct use for it?
        
             | NoLinkToMe wrote:
             | Agreed.
             | 
             | Even the scarcity is artificial, and based something
             | between a contract and a gentleman's agreement, not any
             | physical reality.
             | 
             | That is, the bitcoin software can be changed if enough
             | people want to, to make more of it. And you can create
             | infinite copies of bitcoin software and call it bitcoin or
             | something else.
             | 
             | That's simply not true for the scarcity of gold.
             | 
             | Finally, insofar as there are uses for the blockchain, the
             | ostensible finite volume of bitcoin has no bearing on
             | anything, as you don't need 'one of 21 million bitcoin' for
             | its blockchain functionality, you can use 0.1 or 0.0001
             | bitcoin. It's infinitely divisible, and a small unit of
             | bitcoin can get you blockchain functionality.
             | 
             | And yet I've begun to put 5% of my monthly savings into it,
             | as it seems to have become the long-term speculative asset.
             | It doesn't seem to be going anywhere. But it really appears
             | like an utterly ridiculous proposition, a self-fulling
             | prophecy.
        
             | catlifeonmars wrote:
             | Precious metal floor value is not immune either, since (1)
             | it is dependent on supply and (2) specific
             | technologies/industries that require their use may become
             | diminished or obsoleted. Definitely a lot less volatile
             | than something not bound by reality though.
        
             | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
             | Are you proposing that "value" is meaningful in the absence
             | of some perceiver? All value is the perception of value.
             | The only difference is that it's easier to find people who
             | value precious metals, but that sort of thing always
             | depends on where you look. One can easily imagine
             | situations where a position at the front of a queue is more
             | valuable to the people nearby than a gold coin. Finding
             | value in a blockchain is no different.
             | 
             | It's just that none of the blockchains have yet managed to
             | situate themselves such that people are likely to value
             | their effects. Instead they're focusing on scarcity, which
             | is kind of silly because all of the competition is equally
             | empowered to create artificial scarcities. I think they'll
             | figure it out eventually.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | > Are you proposing that "value" is meaningful in the
               | absence of some perceiver
               | 
               | Yes.
               | 
               | Gold conducts electricity.
               | 
               | Bitcoin has no physically useful properties. However, I
               | will admit a public ledger is actually probably very good
               | for the USA so we can see all the grifting easily.
        
               | cle wrote:
               | Nobody cared that gold conducted electricity until very
               | recently in human history.
        
             | PeterStuer wrote:
             | And fiat currency isn't purely about perception of value?
             | 
             | Just as not all crypto is equal, the Zimbabwean dollar
             | isn't remotely like the Swiss frank, just as bitcoin isn't
             | remotely like hawktua.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | > And fiat currency isn't purely about perception of
               | value?
               | 
               | Of course not. I don't know the laws of the country you
               | live in, but in the US, the dollar is always acceptable
               | as the payment of a court judgement and for the payment
               | of taxes. That's not perception of value, that's value.
               | 
               | All money is just IOUs, but getting an IOU from your
               | landlord is different than getting an IOU from a
               | stranger. You will have to pay your landlord in the
               | future, or the landlord will send someone to physically
               | throw you into the streets, and might be given license
               | from the government to just take arbitrary possessions
               | from you. An IOU from the landlord will automatically
               | offset that.
               | 
               | When you get IOUs from entities you _don 't_ have a
               | ongoing financial relationship with, you need buyers who
               | either 1) have an ongoing relationship with or are
               | willing and able to transact with that entity, or 2)
               | trust that they can find someone who has a relationship
               | with that entity who will buy the IOU.
               | 
               | 1) is value, 2) is the perception of value. Crypto has
               | 3), in which there is no entity issuing or accepting the
               | currency against a real debt (such as taxes or legal
               | liabilities, which if not paid result in men in uniform
               | hitting you with sticks, chaining you up, and locking you
               | in a room), and no place to dump the currency other than
               | other speculators.
               | 
               | You can find people who believe in bitcoin, so bitcoin is
               | liquid. But bitcoin support relies on a constant and
               | enormous amount of marketing and lobbying, in the exact
               | same way as "hawktwa." Crypto (thus far) only has _value_
               | in that it can aid in criminal transactions (semi-
               | privacy), and that enough wealthy people own it that they
               | 're now convincing weak governments to subsidize it.
               | Dodging law enforcement and government handouts to the
               | wealthy on one hand; maintaining preexisting legal
               | obligations and paying taxes already owed on the other.
               | Both fiat and crypto rely on government, but crypto is
               | government _subverting itself_. Crypto only has value to
               | the degree that governments allow or encourage
               | lawbreaking and corruption. Crypto (as it is, not a
               | hypothetically) is parasitic.
               | 
               | > Zimbabwean dollar isn't remotely like the Swiss frank
               | 
               | The Zim dollar is exactly like the Swiss franc, except
               | it's harder to find people who pay Zim taxes and court
               | judgements than people who pay Swiss taxes and court
               | judgements. Just as hawktwa is exactly like bitcoin,
               | except they lack the lobbyists, and the marketing is
               | focused around a viral youtube clip. The big difference
               | between the two classes is that you don't have to be
               | convinced that government fiat is worth something, you
               | know it is. The reach of crypto, outside of fraud and
               | government graft (which is real value) is simply the
               | reach of crypto marketing.
        
               | fsflover wrote:
               | > The reach of crypto, outside of fraud and government
               | graft (which is real value) is simply the reach of crypto
               | marketing.
               | 
               | Except when your government is not trustable and you have
               | to find a way to store and transfer value in an
               | independent and anonymous way.
        
               | saalweachter wrote:
               | The tricky part is there is a difference between "your
               | government is not trustable" and "you don't trust your
               | government" that you can never bridge.
        
               | fsflover wrote:
               | Why does it matter here?
        
               | saalweachter wrote:
               | Moving your money into a non-local currency or store-of-
               | value has a cost and its own risks.
               | 
               | If you trust an untrustable government, you lose when
               | they betray you. If you don't trust a trustable
               | government, you lose when you spend years and decades
               | hedging against their betrayal and it never comes.
        
               | fsflover wrote:
               | This is all true. The point is that a cryptocurrency
               | gives you a choice, which you otherwise don't have, so
               | it's useful.
        
               | IsTom wrote:
               | If nothing else, when the time to pay tax comes, you'll
               | find yourself in need of some fiat if you want to stay
               | out of the trouble.
        
             | mandmandam wrote:
             | > That's the thing I can't ever come to understand about
             | crypto. It's purely about perception of value.
             | 
             | It's not though. It became about that, in general, but
             | there are crypto projects out there which don't focus on
             | hype or valuation.
             | 
             | It _is_ functional and useful to be able to move value
             | worldwide for 10% of the energy of a credit card
             | transaction, decentralized, at sub-second speed, with no
             | fees, even when just moving tiny fractions of a cent.
             | 
             | There are a lot of maxis and bag holders trying to prevent
             | people from figuring that out, but sooner or later a crisis
             | will hit and everyone will remember what crypto was about
             | in the first place.
        
             | WinstonSmith84 wrote:
             | You're mixing up a bit everything. Bitcoin is totally
             | different from Ethereum or Solana and these 2 networks are
             | different from all the NFTs and meme coins launched on
             | these Ethereum and Solana.
             | 
             | By the way, if you thought that Trump was doing something
             | illegal, which certainly sounds suspicious, well it isn't.
             | This guy gives a good overview of the why
             | https://x.com/wassielawyer/status/1881995797245600248
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | It's not illegal for a celebrity to launch a meme coin or
               | collectible. It's not as clear if the President and his
               | direct family can do the same.
               | 
               | Anti-bribery/corruption is the concern with the coins
               | (just as it was with his hotels in the first
               | administration). Not the legality of the coin.
               | 
               | But it's moot, this admin has decided that norms don't
               | constrain it and it will not allow investigations into
               | itself. So it's de facto legal.
        
           | WinstonSmith84 wrote:
           | it's a ... memecoin - a category of crypto assets.
        
             | pavlov wrote:
             | It's a funnel for foreign bribes. That's literally the only
             | utility of these Trump coins.
        
         | csomar wrote:
         | You don't need a bank to create money out of thin air and
         | creating a bank won't allow you to do that.
         | 
         | I can create money out of thin air with you, if you are willing
         | to accept my credit worthiness.
        
         | badgersnake wrote:
         | Tether appear to have created a huge amount of USD out of thin
         | air.
         | 
         | Best not to pay much attention to Andreesen though.
        
           | TeaBrain wrote:
           | On this point, I too have a really difficult time
           | understanding how there is supposedly >$50 billion in
           | treasury bonds backing Tether USDC sitting at Cantor
           | Fitzgerald. It really does seem like the bonds backing tether
           | just came out of thin air, unless tether was sponsored by an
           | entity that gave them the wherewithal to obtain the bonds,
           | for the sole purpose of moving money without KYC with tether.
        
             | FireBeyond wrote:
             | 100% - even a few years ago, Tether claimed that they were
             | receiving USD deposits approaching $5B per _week_. That
             | amount of income is at the Saudi Aramco and others level.
             | 
             | Of course, it was all supposedly being deposited into
             | Deltec Bank, whose website was a Wordpress site, whose
             | "Deputy CEO" couldn't remember the name of the country's
             | two banking licenses, and which one Deltec held, or whether
             | they held both.
             | 
             | I guess it's hard to track all of those things when you go
             | from getting your Masters in Science at HEC Lausanne at 15,
             | and immediately being appointed a Professor of Finance at a
             | Lebanese university, all while running your own hedge fund,
             | "Indepedance (sic) Weath (sic) Management" from
             | Jacksonville FL...
        
         | perrygeo wrote:
         | > mega banks have the sole power of creating credit out of thin
         | air
         | 
         | Amazing that more people don't know this. Most people will
         | insist until their face is red that bank credit is a "loan"
         | with equal debits and credits on both sides of the balance
         | sheet. Wrong. The borrower's bank account goes up. And the
         | bank's balance sheet goes up (the loan is an asset). Viola, new
         | money.
        
           | danielmarkbruce wrote:
           | Take the next step. What happens when the borrower spends the
           | money and the place they spend it banks with different bank?
           | 
           | What's amazing is that more people don't think this through.
           | They just take the "thin air" story and that's it.
        
             | alecco wrote:
             | Alice gets a 400k mortgage at bank A, so she gets 400k in
             | credit at her (new?) account at the bank. Alice then pays
             | to Bob for the house by transfering the 400k to Bob's
             | account at bank B. No real money or gold is moved. Alice
             | owes bank A 400k with money slave interest rate (e.g. 7%),
             | bank A owes bank B 400k + interbank interest rate (e.g.
             | 4%), and bank B owes Bob 400k (but they phrase it as "he
             | has credit").
             | 
             | Both Alice and Bob's salaries are just credit at banks in
             | the same system. If they sell their cars they get money
             | from the same system. There's no way out.
             | 
             | The banking system's accounting trick to create money was
             | proven by prof Richard Werner.
             | 
             | The limits on cash transactions are growing. To pay for
             | something like a car you'd need a bag of papers as higher
             | denominations to match inflation would never be printed.
             | Cops can seize cash without much of an excuse. Customs can
             | seize cash over 10k without much of an excuse.
             | 
             | A small bank can only go down if other banks don't trust
             | them. Like SBV a couple of years ago. But their assets are
             | taken by a bigger bank. Lehman Brothers was a rare
             | exception and it looks like Goldman wanted them to go down
             | for some petty reason. But the AIGs will always be bailed
             | out.
             | 
             | More small banks going belly up and more bailouts are
             | coming. The world is reducing exposure to dollar. Central
             | banks are selling US treasuries and buying gold. The US
             | dollar's empire is crashing down and the Western banking
             | cartel is getting desperate. They'll try to drag the world
             | into war or some other old trick.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | > No real money or gold is moved.
               | 
               | Money is moved; this is the problem with your analysis,
               | see page 19 of the infamous Bank of England's "How Money
               | is Created" paper [1].
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/qu
               | arterly-...
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | You missed an important bit... the banks (A & B) accounts
               | at the federal reserve are updated (bank A down, bank B
               | up) for the transfer. And that's where the rubber meets
               | the road. If bank A doesn't have the assets, it all
               | stops. Banks don't just give each other endless credit to
               | solve payments...
               | 
               | There is no magic in banking. If you describe something
               | and it sounds magical, a piece is missing. If you were
               | running bank B, you'd never agree to what you described.
               | You'd want the assets, or you'd want some kind of
               | collateral even if you were willing to do an interbank
               | credit, you'd limit it, you'd do all kinds of credit
               | analysis on your bank counterparties... And what I just
               | described is how trading of securities tends to work
               | between banks. But even then, it's not how payments are
               | solved...
        
           | ahtihn wrote:
           | If you count the loan as an asset, surely you have to count
           | it as a liability for the borrower. And the bank has to
           | actually give the money, so they're down that money.
           | 
           | In the end both are net zero.
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | The transaction is balanced in isolation, but the initial
             | part (actually giving the money) is allowed to be negative
             | for the bank as long as they're within their leverage
             | ratio.
             | 
             | So yes, as a whole the bank gives money from thin air.
        
             | Johanx64 wrote:
             | It's not net zero because you collect all the interest on
             | money you didn't have to begin with and created out of thin
             | air via an accounting trick.
             | 
             | Now obviously the liability will get zeroed out in the end,
             | but in the meantime you get to keep all that accumulated
             | sweet interest for ... uh... "managing risk"... it's a very
             | beautiful thing!
             | 
             | So you have in fact created money out thin air, it's in the
             | interest payments! You pay interest for basically
             | "nothing!" (cough, cough, "managing risk"). And that
             | interest does not get zeroed out! It's "pure" profit from
             | an accounting trick.
        
           | kdmtctl wrote:
           | You can't do this indefinitely. There a lot of risk
           | management rules and capital requirement ratios which dictate
           | how much money you can make of "the thin air". Also you
           | should have enough liquidity to let the customer transfer the
           | borrowed amount outside to actually use it.
        
           | ninetyninenine wrote:
           | i thought the central bank does this?
        
             | Frummy wrote:
             | It goes up the chain to the central bank.
        
         | danielmarkbruce wrote:
         | Getting a banking license in the US at least is totally doable
         | and lots of banks are created de novo every year.
         | 
         | As another commenter noted, anyone can create "money out of
         | thin air". Come to my corner store and buy an apple on credit.
         | Poof!
         | 
         | Credit was the original money, made out of thin air, and can be
         | by anyone.
        
           | kcatskcolbdi wrote:
           | Everyone has their own opinion of "lots" I suppose, but the
           | quickest info I could come by in a quick search was 8 de novo
           | created in 2021.
        
             | danielmarkbruce wrote:
             | Yup it's in the ~10's every year more or less.
        
             | ianwalter wrote:
             | Sure, but because of fintech not as many need to get
             | created. Fintech has made it relatively easy for new
             | entrants to work with partner banks through BaaS platforms.
        
           | Red_Comet_88 wrote:
           | Can your corner store credit be used to pay taxes? How long
           | will your corner store survive if the IRS found out you were
           | processing transactions in your own currency?
        
             | danielmarkbruce wrote:
             | No to paying taxes, mostly because the asset you'd have is
             | an apple... The corner store at least has a receivable, but
             | the IRS still won't accept that from them.
             | 
             | But, at least in the US, before the national bank acts in
             | the 1800's, various taxing entities specified which bank
             | notes (or other assets) they'd accept and not accept. It
             | was basically whichever bank notes circulated the most with
             | no/little discount, some gold/silver coins, some government
             | bonds. Ie acceptance by a taxing entity isn't really a
             | clear line on "is/is not" money.
             | 
             | Trading receivables has been going on forever, happens
             | today, is totally legal. The corner store could sell the
             | receivable, and many businesses to sell their receivables.
        
             | snitty wrote:
             | >How long will your corner store survive if the IRS found
             | out you were processing transactions in your own currency?
             | 
             | Offering someone credit in USD isn't making your own
             | currency. The closest widespread version of that are
             | community currencies[0], which the US doesn't seem to
             | particularly care about -- I'm guessing because they're
             | generally pegged to the dollar and promote local economies.
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_community_currenc
             | ies_i...
        
             | kasey_junk wrote:
             | You didn't say currency, you said credit. But it doesn't
             | matter, lots of non-US chartered institutions historically
             | create US dollars. There are some treaties around it now
             | but in the beginning English banks created the Eurodollar
             | system with no control by the US government.
        
           | jdminhbg wrote:
           | There used to actually be lots of new banks, now there are
           | some: https://www.statista.com/statistics/193052/change-in-
           | number-...
        
             | owenversteeg wrote:
             | Huh, from about 150/yr from 2000-2008, not one from
             | 2011-2016, 10/yr 2017-2023. Interesting.
        
           | jgilias wrote:
           | Buying an iPhone on credit is not making money out of thin
           | air. Unless you can fractional-reserve create iPhones.
        
             | danielmarkbruce wrote:
             | Sure it is. In fact, it's fractional banking where the
             | fraction is 0.
             | 
             | Consider how much business can be done on credit, and what
             | constrains it. Infinite, and nothing. My corner store is
             | not required to hold reserves against it's receivable.
             | Apple (or a telco) is not required to hold reserves against
             | it's receivable for a phone on credit. Their suppliers
             | aren't required to hold reserves against credit on them.
             | And so on all the way back to the folks digging stuff out
             | of the ground.
        
         | throwaway894345 wrote:
         | I remember reading about Monzo bank in the UK a lot some 5
         | years ago. I'm curious how they are doing these days. Seems
         | like they're still operating?
        
           | ctippett wrote:
           | They're doing quite well it seems. Everyone I know seems to
           | have an account with them.
           | 
           | They've had a full, unrestricted bank licence since 2017 and
           | have over 9.3m customers[1].
           | 
           | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monzo
        
             | jen20 wrote:
             | I used them during their beta phase and they were my
             | primary bank until I left the UK. Exceptional service, and
             | the only app from a UK bank that wouldn't have made you
             | want to cry with how awful it was.
        
         | jongjong wrote:
         | Exactly. Bankers are modern-day royalty. Banks are granted
         | special, exclusive powers by the state to issue/counterfeit the
         | nation's currency as loans. Banking executives are anointed by
         | decree.
         | 
         | The idea of 'disrupting banks' is gaslighting because it
         | pretends that they operate within a 'free market'.
        
         | wisty wrote:
         | Crypto fans and gold bugs miss a very important point - if
         | their favourite currency were to get big, banks would hold it
         | as an asset, and issue loans in exactly the same way as any
         | other currency.
         | 
         | Do you want interest and the conviniance and security of a real
         | bank? Give it to a bank to look after. There are maybe some
         | risks, but there's also risks with a bitcoin wallet or physical
         | bullion (theft, losing it).
         | 
         | Do you want money now, and can pay it back later? The bank will
         | loan it.
         | 
         | Are the banks in trouble? The government can regulate, and even
         | rescue them. A run can happen, but as long as the government
         | and banks say the money is there, who cares about conversion to
         | a bitcoin or bullion?
        
         | forgetfreeman wrote:
         | Crypto has never posed a credible threat to any aspect of the
         | establishment, and it never will. Need proof? You don't have to
         | go through an arduous screening process to acquire and deploy
         | compute. The finance industry saw a pool of dumb money forming
         | and predictably decided they'd like a slice of the action.
        
           | cbozeman wrote:
           | > an arduous screening process to acquire and deploy compute
           | 
           | That right there is more unlikely than crypto becoming a
           | credible threat to the banking establishment.
           | 
           | If you want to see a lot of dead bodies of rich people in the
           | street, tell the rest of the world they can't have their
           | smartphone and laptop and Xbox and Playstation.
           | 
           | That's a great way to get yourself killed.
        
             | forgetfreeman wrote:
             | lol what
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _there is more unlikely than crypto becoming a credible
             | threat to the banking establishment_
             | 
             | Follow the money: Wall Street loves and lobbies for crypto.
        
         | snitty wrote:
         | >The banks and gov brought the hammer down on crypto because it
         | was a legitimate threat to the banking cabal which runs the
         | American Empire.
         | 
         | Price instability, confiscatory and variable transaction fees,
         | several high profile frauds -- including in a so-called "stable
         | coin".
         | 
         | Crypto is its own worst enemy. Not the government.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | Yeah, that "banking cabal" includes a heap of checks and
           | balances that at least on paper stop financial crimes like
           | scams, money laundering, market manipulation, insider
           | trading, and they add guarantees like the relative stability
           | of value, interest rates, and compensation if your bank does
           | end up going bankrupt.
           | 
           | You get none of those protections with cryptocurrency, which
           | is exactly what scammers, criminal organizations, and
           | financial libertarians want.
        
         | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
         | If there isn't sufficient competition for commercial banks, I
         | think they should just be regulated as privately owned
         | utilities for the public good or just be made into a public
         | agency. What is the point of outsourcing this service to
         | private industry if there is no working market dynamic?
        
         | cheriot wrote:
         | > the mega banks have the sole power of creating credit out of
         | thin air
         | 
         | Every bank does that. The US has more than 4,000 of them.
        
         | 1oooqooq wrote:
         | in brazil and india, american backed "fintech" could create
         | credit like you descibe, plus none of the pesky revenue
         | reporting required fom banks.
        
         | RayVR wrote:
         | ah...I don't miss the shockingly willful ignorance of the
         | crypto boom days. Go try your conspiracy nonsense on reddit and
         | leave us be.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | > and no upstart fintech company has this power
         | 
         | Most of the cryptocurrency companies prove that this statement
         | isn't entirely true though, unless I don't get it. That is,
         | they generate cryptocurrencies out of thin air (credit) and say
         | it has a certain value, then people pay them fiat money for
         | those. They just generated value out of thin air and some
         | compute cycles.
        
         | kasey_junk wrote:
         | Everyone has the power to create credit out of thin air.
         | 
         | What the banks have (now, due to long history) is a regularly
         | regime where we expect the government to fix that credit when
         | the bank gets those credit decisions wrong. In trade for that
         | extraordinary treatment governments demand banks comply with a
         | variety of regulations.
         | 
         | I've worked for a long time in the banking and credit space, no
         | one I know in that industry thinks Andreeson did a credible job
         | explaining modern banking. To knowledgeable people he came off
         | as either fundamentally ignorant or extremely deceptive
         | depending on your cynicism levels.
        
           | selecsosi wrote:
           | Thank you, this is something I think people really
           | misunderstand about "money" in our system. Every time I
           | create a "loan" for a family member I've technically created
           | (i.e. debt) I've done the equivalent as to what a bank does
           | to create "money". The question becomes if I can take the IOU
           | I have from my brother, and trade that to another individual
           | when I need to acquire goods.
           | 
           | The fact we have a mechanism to create trust in trading debut
           | is about assigning and managing risk in the payment of that
           | debt, and transferring/holding that risk over time, which is
           | a separate aspect to the raw creation of money concern
           | (managing total debt loads).
        
       | picafrost wrote:
       | In many cases the start-ups that disrupted entrenched big players
       | did so by skirting the existing law and regulations the big
       | players have to abide by and gaining market share before
       | regulators could catch up to them.
       | 
       | Maybe I simply lack vision but I don't think this behavior maps
       | well into the fundamental day-to-day livelihoods of every day
       | people. Certainly I am not willing to risk my finances for
       | marginally increased convenience or marginally lower fees.
        
         | m101 wrote:
         | This. Regulation has been set so high on banks that it makes it
         | extremely difficult for new players to compete.
         | 
         | The reasons given for regulation are:
         | 
         | - protection from failure because of inability to not bail them
         | out (and it has done a good job of this by and large, with some
         | obvious risk oversights - e.g. silicon valley bank)
         | 
         | - money laundering regulations
         | 
         | The real corruption/monopoly in financial services that needs
         | addressing are the amex/visa/mastercard transaction fees. The
         | only way to fix this, in my opinion, is to have the consumer
         | pay the fees.
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | The big problem with amex/visa/mastercard is that it's a
           | three sided market.
           | 
           | So make it a 2 sided market, unify the processor into one of
           | the sides. In other words, either a merchant co-operative or
           | a consumer co-operative. In this case, a merchant co-
           | operative seems a natural fit. The merchants jointly own the
           | co-op, and get a refund of their fees proportional to the
           | profit of the co-op.
           | 
           | And you get the consumers on board the standard way: by
           | bribing them. So something like a 2% rebate. So the merchant
           | fees stay at a similar rate, but the merchants win in other
           | ways because they own the processor.
           | 
           | Nobody's going to become a billionaire starting a co-op, but
           | an executive in a successful financial co-op would pull in a
           | multi-seven figure salary, which should be sufficient
           | motivation to interest the startup folks.
           | 
           | And Y-Combinator would have to loan money to such a startup,
           | they couldn't buy in. But it's in their interest to do so,
           | given how much of the Y-Combinator portfolio is dependent on
           | credit cards.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | I don't see how this is going to work.
             | 
             | Rewards cards already bribe me at 2% (and there are better
             | offers). Big merchants often offer a store card, sometimes
             | a store card that's also a general use card, but they
             | typically bribe people with 5%.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | I really don't get why it took so long for a bank to buy
               | Discover.
               | 
               | It seems like such a good deal to get higher margin and
               | then you could ultimately offer consumers better cashback
               | or w/e rewards than a less vertically integrated card
               | could.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | The cards that pay 2%+ are the premium cards that charge
               | merchants 4%+. If you're competing against that rate, you
               | could give a 4% cash back.
               | 
               | Those big merchant store cards are a likely path for how
               | my scenario plays out. Imagine if a half dozen of those
               | big merchant store cards merge, ditch their
               | visa/mastercard pairing and provide an attractive path
               | for other merchants to join.
        
           | blitzar wrote:
           | > The real corruption/monopoly in financial services that
           | needs addressing are the amex/visa/mastercard transaction
           | fees.
           | 
           | The filthy anti capitalist socialists in Europe have already
           | done that.
           | 
           | EU Interchange cap as follows: 0.2% of the transaction value
           | for Visa and Mastercard consumer debit cards. 0.3% of the
           | transaction value for Visa and Mastercard consumer credit
           | cards.
           | 
           | Seems to work fine.
        
         | throwaway894345 wrote:
         | My company works in the healthcare space. I don't know if we're
         | really "disrupting" as much as we are inventing new niches that
         | were previously unoccupied, presumably because of the
         | difficulties of dealing with regulators, working with
         | electronic healthcare record (EHR) systems, and working with
         | large, bureaucratic healthcare organizations like hospitals,
         | insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies, and EHR
         | providers. We've had a lot of success without dodging or
         | stretching regulation (although we did work with regulators to
         | create a new category of medical device: algorithms).
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | One problem with fintechs is that they are severely ad
         | disadvantage when it comes to regulations.
         | 
         | The first thing those banks face when they open in Italy is a
         | huge surge of difficult customers and they realize too slowly
         | how difficult and expensive it is to abide to anti laundering.
         | 
         | 6 months down the road they start closing accounts left and
         | right just because you do too many operations and it's
         | expensive to track them.
        
       | scarface_74 wrote:
       | What isn't the bank doing for me that is in need of "disruption"?
       | 
       | High Yield Savings Accounts? Amex offers a HYSA that is 3.8% vs
       | LendingClubs 4.5%. How many people have enough money in savings
       | to make the difference worthwhile and make them willing to trust
       | a non traditional bank? I have a year's worth of expenses in mine
       | (in addition to retirement savings) and I wouldn't even bother.
       | 
       | My bank is there to accept my money and let me pay stuff with it.
        
         | hansvm wrote:
         | In the $5k-$10k savings range, you can also average 4.5% just
         | by switching banks every year and taking advantage of sign-up
         | bonuses. With a spouse and the referral bonus, the break-even
         | cap goes up to $15k-$30k. Everything is FDIC-insured the whole
         | time.
         | 
         | I'll wager that under $5k in savings, the $35/yr difference
         | between those two account types might probably doesn't matter
         | in the slightest. That opinion is colored by a couple of these
         | neobanks "losing" thousands of my dollars for months at a time
         | during transfers, the prospect of which seems much more
         | dangerous to somebody with limited savings and likely only one
         | bank.
         | 
         | Above $30k, you can easily and cheaply get a medium-touch
         | experience with a company like Merrill Lynch (who themselves
         | offer 4.2% even in zero-risk (outside of bankruptcy) accounts)
         | and should maybe start looking at moving some of that out of a
         | traditional savings account anyway.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | > What isn't the bank doing for me that is in need of
         | "disruption"?
         | 
         | Why is there still a hold for check deposits? Why do we still
         | have banker's hours and business days for transactions?
         | 
         | There are plenty of ways banks could be improved
        
           | scarface_74 wrote:
           | What type of transactions do you need to make outside of
           | business hours that you can't do electronically?
           | 
           | And who actually deals with physical checks? Even the various
           | contractors I used when preparing my home for sell took some
           | form of electronic payment
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | if i transfer money from one bank's account to another, it
             | takes minimum of 48 hours if I make the request before 3pm
             | cutoff time. Day 1, the transfer request is made at 1pm.
             | Day 2, the money is no longer available in the sending
             | account yet not in the receiving account. Day 3, the money
             | is available in the receiving account. If I do it after
             | 3pm, the request is not placed until Day 2. Why? WTF does a
             | computer have a cutoff time? Does it go home and cook
             | dinner for the family and do homework with the kids?
             | 
             | >took some form of electronic payment
             | 
             | These are nothing but electronic requests. No human needs
             | to be involved, yet here we are. But sure, let's go ahead
             | and argue like I don't have valid issues because you seem
             | to not have any.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Zelle is run by the banks and transfers are instant and
               | free.
               | 
               | https://www.zellepay.com/faq/how-long-does-it-take-
               | receive-m...
        
               | RestlessMind wrote:
               | Zelle has a limit on the amount I can transfer,
               | especially for new contacts. And it is precisely new
               | contacts where I need to make a big payment, latest
               | example being the contractor to remodeled my kitchen and
               | didn't want credit card payment for some reason.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | > didn't want credit card payment for some reason.
               | 
               | i'm guessing 3.5%+ is the some reason
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | Tradesmen who are allergic to credit cards are always
               | avoiding tax, period.
               | 
               | The proper response is to ask for the cash price.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Exactly this. Paying 3% more for credit card vs cash is a
               | wash for me. I get 2x back by charging it to my Amex Blue
               | Business Plus, those 2x points are easily worth more than
               | 3% when transferring to an airline.
        
               | zellehell wrote:
               | Zelle isn't run by the banks, it's operated by Early
               | Warning and it's a scam service designed to harvest
               | everyone's bank transaction history for intelligence
               | gathering and fraud detection services
               | 
               | https://www.earlywarning.com/
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | An the Early Warning System is co-owned by 7 banks
               | 
               | https://www.floridatoday.com/story/news/2024/08/14/zelle-
               | inv....
               | 
               | > Zelle is owned by Early Warning Services, a financial
               | tech firm and consumer reporting agency that is co-owned
               | by seven of the largest U.S. banks: Bank of America,
               | Capital One, Chase, PNC, Truist, U.S. Bank and Wells
               | Fargo,
               | 
               | Once you are part of the banking system, everything is
               | tracked anyway
        
               | ianburrell wrote:
               | Wait for FedNow to get rolled out. That is the Federal
               | Reserve's instant payment system. It does need to be
               | implemented by banks cause it is just an API. One nice
               | feature is that it has push model, pulling money means
               | making request that can be approved which should increase
               | the security.
        
               | wahern wrote:
               | The problem with pushing payments is that the cost of
               | fraud falls on the payer. In the pull model, if the payer
               | says it was unauthorized, the rules favor the payer--
               | restoring the payer account happens as a matter of
               | course, and disputes are handled subsequently. This sucks
               | for the payee, but they're usually businesses who are
               | more sophisticated and better placed to handle these
               | issues. But in the push model, the presumption is the
               | payment was intended by the payer. It's a wholly
               | reasonable presumption assuming sophisticated, rational
               | agents. But we're talking rolling out push payment
               | systems where the payer will be your elderly grandmother.
               | 
               | It won't be pretty unless there are some aggressive
               | changes to existing regulatory and legal frameworks. But
               | it's not easy to figure out to protect consumers in push
               | payment systems without opening gaps where fraudsters can
               | directly abuse the system, like checking kiting scams of
               | old. (Checks are a pull payment type of system, but the
               | important point is that the cost of check fraud--forged,
               | kiting, etc--fell primarily on banks and merchants, and
               | less on individual grandmas who couldn't buy food because
               | they were stuck in a months-long battle with the bank to
               | recover funds.)
        
               | ianburrell wrote:
               | Pulling fraud with ACH is pretty rare. All the scammers
               | trick people into sending them money, or take over
               | account and send it, this is more common with phones and
               | Zelle. The latter would be handled with current system.
               | The former isn't handled with current system, and would
               | be helped if there was way to reject transfers to help
               | with return money scams.
               | 
               | There is danger that people will send money on bogus
               | requests, but invoice fraud is already covered. Other
               | countries have the same model of sharing account number
               | widely and it works.
        
               | wahern wrote:
               | > There is danger that people will send money on bogus
               | requests
               | 
               | It's a _huge_ danger. This is why there are so many
               | Bitcoin ATMs in convenience stores. Scammers call
               | vulnerable people and induce them to send them Bitcoin.
               | The number of people who you can convince to withdraw
               | hard currency from their bank and feed it into a Bitcoin
               | machine on the request of their  "sick nephew" or
               | "Microsoft Security Team" is mind blowing. Even elderly
               | former police and attorneys do this.
               | 
               | Push payments make it much, much easier--now it's just a
               | click away. The risk is higher for the scammer and it's
               | easier to trace as compared to Bitcoin transfers. But it
               | will be an endless game of whack-a-mole, and because the
               | losses won't primarily fall on banks, payment networks,
               | or other least code avoiders (unlike with credit cards--
               | especially--or other forms of pull payment in general),
               | there's less direct economic incentive to do prevention.
               | We'll likely end up with more centralized, government
               | policing, which will be far less effective and generate
               | more political friction.
               | 
               | Push payments are the future. They're already ubiquitous
               | in many other countries. But while it will streamline
               | day-to-day transactions, there are going to be many more
               | victims of fraud left holding the bag. And you can see
               | this in Europe, where push payment fraud is rapidly
               | expanding.
               | 
               | And even if, in nominal dollar amount, total push fraud
               | ended up equivalent to pull (e.g. credit card) fraud, the
               | social cost is greater as you end up with a small number
               | of people bearing all the costs, whereas with pull fraud
               | the costs are effectively spread across society in the
               | form of slightly higher transaction costs and goods &
               | services prices. There's no built-in transfer mechanism
               | (i.e. tax) like that in push fraud because the incentive
               | and accountability structure is radically different,
               | notwithstanding that in the abstract it's a very simple
               | change in who is considered the initiator of a payment.
        
               | epolanski wrote:
               | In Europe we have instant bank transfers, for free in
               | Italy as of January 2025.
               | 
               | The bad thing is that they don't work outside business
               | hours (not a huge problem), and that you can't
               | cancel/revert it.
        
               | dutchbookmaker wrote:
               | This is because of counter party risk with settlement. It
               | is not hard to figure out. You just have no idea what you
               | are talking about.
        
               | blitzar wrote:
               | > if i transfer money from one bank's account to another,
               | it takes minimum of 48 hours if I make the request before
               | 3pm cutoff time
               | 
               | In the bulk of the free world these transfers are instant
               | 24/7 - if I stay within the single banking brand I can do
               | that internationally.
        
         | dutchbookmaker wrote:
         | Banking already has been disrupted too.
         | 
         | It is so easy to move money around now there is no reason to
         | keep that much in savings. It is crazy how easy it is to move
         | money from a savings account to a brokerage account and buy a
         | tbill in 2025 vs 1990.
         | 
         | Retail banking has really been stripped to its absolute bare
         | essentials. There is no growth in banking in the US other than
         | growth by acquisition.
         | 
         | I can't think of a worse investment than a bank startup.
        
         | joshstrange wrote:
         | I love HYSA, I made a sizable chunk on the interest and
         | switching banks for the best rate is normally only a few steps.
         | Right now I'm moving my savings from One Finance (3.75%) to
         | Barclay (4.25%) because One dropped their rates (from 4.5%
         | IIRC) and I'll make ~$40 more a month from the switch. It's not
         | a ton of money but it's not nothing and it's dead simple for me
         | to move the money.
        
       | adamtaylor_13 wrote:
       | I don't think disrupting banks is even possible. The time, money,
       | and energy required is simply not realistic. There's so many
       | disrupt-able industries out there and I'm not even sure banking
       | is the most beneficial one to tackle.
       | 
       | It's a realistic Star Wars story where the Empire always wins
       | because... well it's the fucking empire. They didn't get there by
       | losing.
        
         | rco8786 wrote:
         | Right. Banks are boring. The whole industry is based on very
         | simple math. Nothing much to disrupt.
        
         | absolutelastone wrote:
         | They've "lost" a few times by now. Government has propped them
         | up.
         | 
         | The other side of the innovator's dilemma is the fact that the
         | market leaders who don't stick to their current winning
         | formula, instead risking big on a new technology, will sooner
         | or later get it wrong and fail on their own. That's why it's a
         | dilemma.
        
           | danielmarkbruce wrote:
           | JP Morgan Chase and Wells Fargo would have been fine in '08
           | had they been left alone.
        
           | qaq wrote:
           | Not all of them were on the loosing side of that situation
           | JPM had sold off most of risky mortgages in prior years
           | taking a sizable haircut while other banks were supposedly
           | raking it in. There was a ton of pressure on Jamie Dimon not
           | to do it because JPM numbers looked bad compared to peers in
           | those years.
        
           | adamtaylor_13 wrote:
           | I guess that's my argument as to why it's not losing.
           | 
           | If the government bailed you out, you didn't lose. They have
           | yet to really lose. Thus no incentive to disrupt such a
           | "steady" industry.
        
         | Neonlicht wrote:
         | The government is very conservative in handing out banking
         | licenses.
         | 
         | There was a famous scandal with an Icelandic bank that was
         | disrupting the market with higher interest rates.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | It is basically impossible to license a new bank in Germany
           | and the financial regulations have become stricter over time,
           | with a full banking license being mandatory for more and more
           | things. It's kind of disturbing.
           | 
           | If you are a big bank, you already have all the licenses and
           | can do everything so what difference does that regulation
           | make in practice?
        
             | okanat wrote:
             | N26 did it but creating a new bank attracts money
             | launderers and scammers. The legal department costs are
             | infeasible and half a century-old systems are not easy to
             | adapt to new banking concepts. The government and
             | regulation side of the system needs serious improvements in
             | Germany to bring them to 21st century first. However, there
             | is little economic incentive to do so. With an aging
             | population and deeply conservative culture, there is little
             | political incentive to improve any infrastructure. The
             | current governing parties will probably lose the election
             | next month because they made costly infrastructure fixes.
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | But you don't necessarily need a banking license, right?
               | My understanding is that there's a handful of bank-as-a-
               | service banks that have a license and will let you do
               | your thing.
               | 
               | I'm sure the aging population doesn't help, but to me the
               | primary inertia comes from how difficult it is to switch.
               | You can take your phone number with you while changing
               | providers, you can't do that with your bank account. They
               | have "services" that are supposed to handle that, but
               | having dealt with their investment arms and moving a
               | broker account from one bank to another, I wouldn't trust
               | them to not mess it up, and suddenly my rent isn't
               | getting paid. So I'd have to do it myself, which will
               | make me deal with lots of stupid systems and processes
               | and cost a hours upon hours. I'd need to save 100% of my
               | banking fees (which are way too high) for a decade or two
               | to make that worthwhile.
               | 
               | Make switching banks as easy as switching phone providers
               | and you'll get some competition going.
        
               | okanat wrote:
               | To be honest, in Germany even the brick and mortar banks
               | provide transfer services. They will detect and move your
               | automatic payments. You usually fill a form, login to
               | each bank and they send automatic requests to move stuff.
               | Similarly my broker also supports moving accounts for me.
               | 
               | Moreover, especially after the Wirecard scandal, I
               | wouldn't trust any company that doesn't have a banking
               | license. Without a banking license they can nuke my
               | entire account and I will be the only responsible idiot
               | for that.
               | 
               | Btw, the US system is exploitative and decades behind
               | what the worst European countries have. NFC payments
               | became a thing after Apple brought them to the US.
               | Europeans, heck, Middle Eastern countries were already
               | using NFC EMV payments for 5 years by then. The
               | technologically best and most trustworthy banks are
               | usually from Northwestern Europe so look for Nordics and
               | the Netherlands, if you would like to see a modern but
               | not totally exploitative banking looks like.
        
               | jajko wrote:
               | > The current governing parties will probably lose the
               | election next month because they made costly
               | infrastructure fixes.
               | 
               | Germany is heading / has bet on a completely different
               | direction than actual real world out there is moving to.
               | The unability to admit massive failures and adapt is
               | glaringly obvious even from outside, and literally fucks
               | up whole EU left and right. Germany and its population
               | has tremendous potential, we all know it, yet it looks
               | like headless chicken running around yard with no
               | positive future that I can see.
               | 
               | I don't care who will rule there, nobody outside
               | understands nor cares about detailed internals of
               | Germany. But, for a change, please put there somebody
               | competent who can steer country and a bit whole continent
               | as a consequence, has respect of peers and adversaries
               | and can do necessary changes to keep it all afloat.
               | Current and past leadership was and is... don't have a
               | nice name, so better not describe it. Massive damage
               | across whole EU. Weak EU then invites dictators to try to
               | test its strength.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | There comes a point where a reverse merger makes more
             | sense. You want to be a bank? Buy one. You want to be a
             | "different" bank? Buy one that's at a tipping point and
             | make your agent of change pitch.
        
         | ninetyninenine wrote:
         | all empires eventually fall
        
         | lxm wrote:
         | Isn't that usually indicative of a winner-takes-all sector
         | running on pretty thin margins?
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _don't think disrupting banks is even possible_
         | 
         | They've been disrupted on multiple sides massively in the last
         | twenty years. Blackrock, Vanguard and Fidelity are disruptors
         | to their deposit and savings-account models. Quicken _et al_ a
         | disruptor to their lending side. Private credit, securitised
         | lending--all taking away their balance sheet operations.
         | 
         | Retail banking hasn't changed inasmuch as people like branches.
         | But the moment you go branchless the banking options radiate,
         | and that's more people every day.
        
       | pqdbr wrote:
       | In Brazil traditional banks are totally being disrupted. See
       | Nubank.
        
         | rapfaria wrote:
         | Not sure abou that:
         | 
         | Credit portfolio in 2023:
         | 
         | Itau - $1176 billion
         | 
         | Banco do Brasil - $1109 billion
         | 
         | Bradesco - $877 billion
         | 
         | Nubank - $91 billion
         | 
         | Nubank also had the highest default rate between them (some
         | 6%).
         | 
         | It was great when it was created (fully digital, no credit
         | score check for a credit card), but it is now dealing with the
         | same problems as the big banks
        
           | hcarvalhoalves wrote:
           | To be fair, you have to compare credit portfolios by product
           | and customer size. That is how the Central Bank reports and
           | tracks these numbers.
           | 
           | Nubank offers consumer credit (credit card, personal loans),
           | but you're comparing portfolios that include mortgages, large
           | companies, industry, agriculture, etc.
           | 
           | Similarly, the default rate of the entire portfolio varies
           | according to the product mix, so you can't compare that way.
        
       | neilwilson wrote:
       | First thing you have to do is understand how banks actually work
       | at root[0]
       | 
       | [0]: https://new-wayland.com/blog/framework-of-a-basic-bank/
        
       | d_burfoot wrote:
       | It's crazy to me that we're still using the same approach to
       | banking, given that the banking system regularly blows up and
       | drags the rest of the economy into a recession.
        
         | myvoiceismypass wrote:
         | Regularly?
        
         | gabruoy wrote:
         | It's crazy to me that we're still living on Earth, given the
         | climate risks and the natural disasters destroying people's
         | lives.
        
       | a1o wrote:
       | Aren't the big banks buying the fintech companies that have more
       | probability to create disruption?
        
       | nottorp wrote:
       | Hm so when a fintech "disrupts" banks it ends up walking and
       | quacking ... like a bank? Is it even a fintech any more?
        
       | jbs789 wrote:
       | The large banks have achieved scale in terms of accepting
       | deposits and lending at lowish margins. To accept deposits they
       | need regulatory approval and oversight.
       | 
       | For higher margins lending products they are absolutely being
       | "disrupted" by private credit.
        
       | jiehong wrote:
       | China has seen its banks disrupted quite a bit more than over
       | here with things like WeChat or AliPay. All daily transactions
       | are done with them, and even small loans.
       | 
       | UPI in India at least made payment system much better, by forcing
       | banks in the end. So quite different.
       | 
       | In Europe, SEPA is doing something similar to India's UPI, albeit
       | much slower. Again by forcing banks on a standard, unlike in
       | China.
        
       | wslh wrote:
       | I believe a genuine way to address this problem is through the
       | creation of financial sandboxes [1]: controlled environments
       | where regulations are relaxed to promote innovation at a certain
       | scale.
       | 
       | However, current regulations favor banks, making it difficult for
       | new entrants to disrupt the status quo without becoming a bank
       | themselves. This complexity is further compounded by the
       | intersection of regulations and geopolitics, which makes change
       | particularly challenging. Additionally, while lifting regulations
       | can encourage innovation, it must be approached cautiously to
       | avoid potential financial disasters.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.fca.org.uk/firms/innovation/regulatory-sandbox
        
       | surfingdino wrote:
       | Banks sell one thing--debt. Many have tried to "disrupt" that
       | industry, but all attempts boil down to: getting a cut of payment
       | fees or getting paid to resell debt. All "innovation" in this
       | sector is done by crossing fingers and hoping the regulators
       | don't notice you trying to use language to pretend you are a bank
       | when you are not.
        
       | PaywallBuster wrote:
       | Revolut had credit cards for a few years but only in Lithuania
       | 
       | https://www.revolut.com/en-LT/credit-cards/
       | 
       | I guess they'd need to apply for banking license to offer CC in
       | every EU state and that would be an order of magnitude more
       | expensive than Lithuania's banking license
        
         | fph wrote:
         | I think that the true reason is another one: credit cards come
         | with credit, which people can choose not to pay back. It is
         | complicated to recover money from a person abroad, possibly
         | having to sue them in every EU state.
        
         | dotcoma wrote:
         | Nope. They still have only a Lithuanian license, plus maybe one
         | for the UK.
         | 
         | All it takes to operate in the EU is a license from one member
         | state.
        
       | danielmarkbruce wrote:
       | No one is providing a value proposition that would make me move
       | away from [my large bank] when it comes to a basic checking
       | account.
       | 
       | Banks were disrupted in the mortgage market - a very large chunk
       | of residential mortgages go through brokers.
       | 
       | Banks are being disrupted in corporate credit. "Private Credit"
       | is exploding.
        
       | zigglezaggle wrote:
       | This is like saying "nobody is disrupting AWS" and then pointing
       | out that competitors don't have a version of AWS Glue.
       | 
       | Plenty of startups have disrupted banks. AMEX purchased one to
       | jumpstart its small business checking accounts just a few years
       | ago. You're just not looking hard enough.
       | 
       | If you move the goal posts to core checking/savings accounts by
       | consumers, then yeah there's not much of an upside there.
       | Consumers go decades to lifetimes on average without changing
       | banks. Capital One was the last one to do anything "disruptive"
       | here re: providing accounts and credit to the lower class, and
       | I'm not sure there's enough juice to squeeze left for a smaller,
       | more focused product to make any money given the stickiness of
       | checking accounts generally.
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | Disruption will take awhile. The current players have rigged the
       | game in their favor. They have government officials, lobbyists,
       | and 40+ years of shitty neoliberal economic theory behind them.
       | The subprime mortgage crisis and subsequent bailout of banks by
       | main street is an example.
       | 
       | It will take more than a credit card or fancy app to disrupt this
       | corrupt machine.
        
       | poisonborz wrote:
       | What do we understand under "banks"? If keeping with the simply
       | notion of "stores funds and provides debit cards", the most
       | common usage in EU, especially east, banks were deeply disrupted.
       | Revolut and Wise took a large segment of the youth, who now also
       | got hooked on more services like savings accounts and stocks.
       | They have startup-like culture while being registered as standard
       | banks. Obviously their services, quality and support are
       | lightyears ahead of any traditional financial institution.
        
         | liendolucas wrote:
         | I'm a happy Revolut customer. Their app is great and it has
         | features that banks here in Italy don't (or if they do they
         | always charge it, that's why I'm trying to slowly break away
         | from them). Banking in Italy is the worst of the worst. They
         | are extremely well trained to make you waste time. Avoid at all
         | costs Banco Posta. People are not just inefficent, they have
         | absolutely no idea about anything you ask them and they love to
         | make you wait eternally. I have recently asked for more
         | information about a loan at another bank and surprisingly they
         | refuse to send me a formal document to read all the terms and
         | conditions. They literally sent me a plain text email with some
         | numbers, when I required them formal details (the famous "small
         | letter") about it they simply didn't reply.
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | I'm a revolut user, but I fail to understand how they plan to
         | make any money off me with all they throw.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | There was one playing the move fast and break things playbook.
       | SVB...
        
       | devops000 wrote:
       | Bitcoin
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | Ah yeah, nothing beats Bitcoin when it comes to banking /s
        
       | ranger207 wrote:
       | The products being pointed out in this article as an attempt to
       | disrupt banks seem to be basically the same product for a
       | different price. Like, a high-yield savings account is just a
       | savings account with a better price, right? How do you disrupt an
       | industry by selling the same products? The advantage of startups
       | is that they're more nimble, can pivot to fit the market better,
       | and can adapt to customer requests faster. None of that applies
       | to "selling the same product at a lower price", especially for
       | savings accounts where stability ("the company not suddenly
       | disappearing") is an important part of the pitch anyway
        
         | ikr678 wrote:
         | This is a very US centric article, a lot of the disruptions
         | listed are incumbent 'big bank' products in other
         | jurisdictions. I feel the lack of adaptability is likely a
         | result of US market conditions/regulations rather than lack of
         | innovation.
        
           | Joel_Mckay wrote:
           | The US crash of 2008 exposed the nature of their banking
           | system leverage ratios, and worker 401k vulnerability to
           | dubious ETFs.
           | 
           | The incoming market volatility will likely have winners and
           | losers... but historically it was mostly losers (>6.4 million
           | families and counting.) =3
        
             | throwaway2037 wrote:
             | > worker 401k vulnerability to dubious ETFs
             | 
             | Can you explain this part in my detail? Do you mean money
             | market funds that "broke the buck"?
        
               | lxm wrote:
               | ETFs are a relatively recent phenomenon, the criticism I
               | remember from 2008 era is having paycheck + employee
               | stock purchase plan + 401k concentrated in a single stock
               | - employer's.
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | There is intelligent life on YC after all. A+ =3
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | ETFs are mostly irrelevant from a 401(k) perspective
               | because no one is trading on a daily basis. Some 401(k)
               | plans do now offer ETFs among the investment options but
               | for the most part they have always focused on regular
               | mutual funds. Average expense ratios have come down a bit
               | since 2008.
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | Regular mutual funds usually have higher risk and tax
               | exposure than the ETFs...
               | 
               | Met a lot of bums in suits trying to sell me on several
               | flavors of BS over the years. lol =3
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | > Regular mutual funds usually have higher risk ... than
               | the ETFs.
               | 
               | Can you provide some specific examples? If anything, the
               | transaction friction around mutual funds prevents most
               | regular investors from unnecessary trading that exchange-
               | listed ETFs allow. TL;DR: For most people, more trading
               | means more losses or worse returns.
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | There are several potential mutual fund problems, but the
               | ones most consumers are exposed to arise from
               | institutional and private "investment advisors". There is
               | no legal protection from banks externalizing toxic assets
               | acquired though risky decisions onto customers, and or
               | ridiculous ballooning management fees siphoning off
               | actual profit. The other issues are mostly from various
               | end-runs around acceptable market rules and practices.
               | 
               | In general, most amateur holds permute well below 3 to 4
               | months on average. Note the old joke: "Bulls make money,
               | bears make money, pigs get slaughtered"... was never
               | funny for those providing cash capital to gamblers.
               | 
               | Most people assume they are luckier than average... and
               | most of Las Vegas was also built on losers money.
               | 
               | Have a great day, =3
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | You're mixing up adviser fees (ETFs have lower fees than
               | mutual funds; neither is directly related to adviser
               | fees), toxic assets, CMOs, balloon mortgages and possibly
               | management fees and carried interest. These are related
               | concepts inasmuch as they're all financial terms.
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | You seem confused by my frustration with tools towing the
               | company line rather than providing reliable investment
               | advice.
               | 
               | Personally, I prefer retaining the option to sue people
               | that pull stunts. But to each their own... =3
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _I prefer retaining the option to sue people that pull
               | stunts_
               | 
               | If that's an option for you, sure. I work in finance and
               | retain FINRA arbitration as a customer. When I'm signing
               | with clients, I do not like to include it--I have a
               | _strong_ advantage in court and don 't want a venue
               | that's biased against me as a professional.
               | 
               | All of this is _totally_ irrelevant to ETFs, mutual funds
               | and CMOs because those are distributed funds whose terms
               | aren 't negotiable after offering. (If you're worrying
               | about suing the guy selling you ETFs, you're doing
               | something wrong. Probably overtrading.)
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | You seem to be confused about finance. There is no
               | particular connection between a fund's risk and tax
               | exposure, and whether it is exchange tradable or not.
               | Some regular mutual funds are very low risk. Some ETFs
               | are very high risk. Tax exposure is largely irrelevant
               | for 401(k), IRA, and other tax-free retirement accounts.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _no particular connection between a fund 's risk and
               | tax exposure_
               | 
               | They seem to be posting a lot of word-salad comments, but
               | assuming good faith, they're saying these are separate
               | downsides of mutual funds over ETFs.
               | 
               | Mutual funds trade on your behalf, like an ETF, but they
               | pass through the gains and losses. That can be painful if
               | they realise those gains when you'd rather not have them,
               | or crystallise losses when you don't have offsets. In
               | this, they're correct. On risk, they're wrong--you can
               | stuff nonsense into ETFs as comfortably as mutual funds.
               | What they're indirectly criticising here is active versus
               | passive management, which is its own can of worms.
               | 
               | The only advantage of a mutual fund over an ETF is it
               | provides friction to trading. Otherwise, they're a
               | vestige from the cusp of computerised portfolio
               | management. (If you have more than ~$1 to 10mm, you
               | should be rolling your own portfolio in most cases.)
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | This account posts a lot of off-topic straw-man
               | arguments, and wild context guesses like regular bot
               | slop.
               | 
               | My issue with bank-fool recommend mutual funds is
               | primarily they are often a self-serving structured
               | product. i.e. the odds a sucker never sees a consistent
               | behavior is far greater than random chance, and a
               | unconstrained arbitrary guess of a chicken would likely
               | perform better in the markets.
               | 
               | Best of luck, =3
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _bank-fool recommend mutual funds...the odds a sucker
               | never sees a consistent behavior is far greater than
               | random chance_
               | 
               | Again, you're criticising active management in general.
               | (And seem to be mixing up alpha and tracking error.
               | Passively-managed funds aren't aiming to outperform the
               | market.)
               | 
               | There is no evidence actively-managed ETFs (or hedge
               | funds, for that matter) outperform actively-managed
               | mutual funds. There is also not a material difference in
               | tracking error between their passive products.
               | 
               | ETFs are a retail product. Like mutual funds. Make
               | financial decisions based on the product, not the
               | wrapper. (Also, where in the fuck does one go to get
               | mutual funds in 2025 anyway?!)
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | How many SS's are in "Slow Mississippi bass" ?
               | 
               | You have exceeded my off-topic straw-man limit for the
               | day.
               | 
               | Best of luck, =3
        
           | WeylandYutani wrote:
           | I think it could also be cultural. In my country people are
           | perfectly happy to have a video chat with a bank employee
           | about mortgages but in other country's you still need to go
           | into a branch office for that kind of thing.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | I don't even need to have a video chat in the US for a
             | mortgage. I have long been able to shop from any number of
             | lenders and close the deal via email. The lender might send
             | out an appraiser.
        
             | netdevphoenix wrote:
             | Just curious, why do you need a video chat? Can't you just
             | have a phone call? I don't get the need to see someone's
             | face
        
               | AdamN wrote:
               | I don't get the need for synchronous comms at all. I can
               | book airplane tickets, food delivery, e-commerce
               | generally, and most other things through a web interface.
               | Not sure why I need to talk to somebody to get a mortgage
               | aside from Know Your Customer but even then a short
               | signing ceremony at the end would be best.
        
               | netdevphoenix wrote:
               | I agree! I am a big fan of synchronous comms
        
               | andrepd wrote:
               | I think getting a mortgage might be a tad more of an
               | impactful decision than ordering takeout... I'm not a
               | boomer but I still would like to speak to someone in
               | person before I sign an O(million$) loan.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _I still would like to speak to someone in person
               | before I sign an O(million$) loan_
               | 
               | Why? I'd much rather have anything said in writing.
        
               | close04 wrote:
               | Because a lot of people don't understand how the products
               | work or what they need. Trying to understand a complex
               | product, with multiple options that come with advantages
               | and disadvantages, and having adding on top that it's a
               | very consequential decision is much easier if any
               | misunderstanding can be corrected and explained real-
               | time. The alternative is to do it async with some lead
               | time for every back and forth.
               | 
               | Your pizza order needs no clarifications and if you get
               | it wrong, it's just a pizza. If you misunderstand your
               | mortgage you're looking at far more costly consequences.
        
               | bennyelv wrote:
               | You should never be taking the advice on such a thing
               | from the person who has a vested interest in you buying
               | it.
               | 
               | Although you could well be right about the nature of the
               | transaction, it's definitely a bad idea to be doing that
               | with the bank!
        
               | close04 wrote:
               | This applies to everything, a mechanic, a lawyer, a
               | dentist. You can't have all the prerequisite knowledge on
               | every field where you may need to make big choices so
               | eventually you'll need to talk to _someone_.
               | 
               | If it's not the bank, and it's not you, it has to be
               | someone else. You can ask over email for all the
               | information available on the products from the bank and
               | take it to an independent advisor. Eventually you'll run
               | into the need to have a live chat with _that_ trusted
               | advisor or risk moving one mail per day in each direction
               | trying to explain what you want and what you could get.
        
               | philipwhiuk wrote:
               | That's why there's independent financial advisors.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | For some people, the mortgage application process can be
               | complicated.
               | 
               | Maybe I'm in graduate school and my salary is called a
               | 'stipend' and I don't get any payslips, plus I have a
               | part-time job in sales where my base salary is very low
               | and about 75% of my income is commission, and also my
               | girlfriend will be helping with the mortgage, but not the
               | deposit, and she's a Ukrainian refugee and self-employed
               | content creator.
               | 
               | An expert who's seen it all before would know how to
               | navigate my situation properly.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | That doesn't make any sense. At least in the USA, if the
               | school is paying you then they have to issue you either a
               | W-2 or 1099, regardless of whether they label it as a
               | salary or stipend or whatever. Mortgage lenders are
               | accustomed to verifying income from sources like that,
               | it's not complicated.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | Here in the UK a 'stipend' from EPSRC or similar is not
               | classified as income for purposes of income tax or
               | council tax. It's treated more like a scholarship.
               | 
               |  _> That doesn 't make any sense._
               | 
               | Tell me about it. They still won't give you a mortgage,
               | though.
        
               | magicalhippo wrote:
               | Why do you need a phone call? I just had to take some
               | pictures and fill in some details on their app, and a day
               | later I had the mortgage to my home.
        
               | PontifexMinimus wrote:
               | I (for one) prefer video chats to phone calls.
               | 
               | There is a reason why "face to face communication" is a
               | phrase.
        
               | msh wrote:
               | I have had video chats with my bank. The video part was
               | not super important but nice given the magnitude of the
               | transaction (house loan things). The more important part
               | was the screensharing to sho the advisors calculations
               | and other info.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Why do you need someone to show you the calculations? All
               | of the important numbers including principal, fees,
               | points, interest rate, and amortization schedule fit on a
               | short PDF. You can verify the calculations yourself on a
               | pocket calculator if you want, it's like grade school
               | level arithmetic.
        
               | msh wrote:
               | There are different sorts of loans that you can do in
               | different ways. It certainly does not fit a short pdf (I
               | am not in the US). So it's nice to have someone walk you
               | through that consequences of the different choices.
        
             | some_random wrote:
             | I (American) didn't need to go to a branch office for my
             | mortgage. In fact, I don't think my mortgage provider has
             | branch offices.
        
           | dathinab wrote:
           | The EU also has put pressure on Banks for decades now to
           | either "innovate" or "get innovated" by regulations forcing
           | them to implement innovative ideas not coming from them.
           | 
           | With both having happened over time.
           | 
           | They also at least somewhat try to compete with Paypal on
           | online payment on EU specific shops (not they they have much
           | success, not just because of network effect but because a
           | combination of their products being sub-par and them
           | realizing that various other even less competitive/ux
           | friendly competitors would make them more money if anyone
           | would just be using it..., so they are in the process to "get
           | innovated" again by forcing impl. of certain ideas related to
           | person-to-person money transfer which have proven to
           | work/being useful in a few countries where they/their banks
           | did adapt them years ago.)
        
             | rvba wrote:
             | In some markets paypal has no market share at all - its
             | whole value proposition is something that banks allready
             | have.
             | 
             | Paypal is needed in USA due to archaic systems. In Europe
             | many banks allow instant transactions without the risk of
             | blocking your money for 180 days - what paypal seems to do
        
               | 0xffff2 wrote:
               | Paypal (or its little brother Venmo) haven't been needed
               | in the US in nearly a decade. I've never had a European
               | bank account, but Zelle seems to me to be just as good as
               | what the Europeans have.
        
               | dathinab wrote:
               | Paypal is never needed, not in the EU nor in the US but
               | that misses the point.
               | 
               | Pretty much every single online shop/website ever allows
               | paying with PayPal (and Credit Card). And you pretty much
               | have to use it as not allowing paying with PayPal will
               | reduce your sales noticeable, especially for
               | international orders. This is something people funnily
               | frequently rediscover, again and again.
               | 
               | Also I don't thing many people do use PayPal to send
               | money between each other tbh. when I mean competing I
               | mean for paying online not for p2p money transfer. Like
               | sending other private people money always had been
               | trivial, through slightly annoying, in the EU, even
               | before smartphones where a thing.
        
               | dathinab wrote:
               | In both the EU and US PayPal is very widely used to pay
               | in online shops. To a point that disabling PayPal
               | temporary can show noticeable decrease in sales for most
               | online shops, especially if international orders are
               | involved.
               | 
               | When I sayed "competing with PayPal" I meant for paying
               | online, i.e. alternatives to both PayPal and Credit
               | Cards. Not p2p money sending.
        
           | biohcacker84 wrote:
           | US Banks are much worse at serving common people than many
           | other old big banks around the world, certainly compared to
           | Germany's banks for example.
           | 
           | And yes it is thanks to a byzantine system of history,
           | regulations and very few Americans travelling abroad to
           | experience radically better systems.
        
             | ty6853 wrote:
             | FATCA makes Americans pariahs at foreign banks. I would
             | love to store cash outside US jurisdiction but it is a
             | compliance nightmare usually only worth it for high net
             | worth clients. We know better systems exist, we just often
             | can't use them even when we live overseas.
             | 
             | Crypto is the last offshore banking for the middle class.
             | It essentially took over right when FATF eliminated banking
             | privacy and bearer shares -- which IMO is no mere
             | coincidence.
        
               | psunavy03 wrote:
               | Crypto is not banking.
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | I'm a middle class American that has lived in various
               | places, Canada currently.
               | 
               | I opened my first account in Canada while I was still a
               | US resident. FATCA compliance was a matter of a single
               | extra form, and providing my US SSN. It was about the
               | same for my Caribbean accounts with international banks.
               | 
               | If what you are trying to do is open an account that is
               | not visible to the US government, that is much harder.
        
         | Joel_Mckay wrote:
         | Most people have zero notion of what money is... let alone what
         | banks offer as a business.
         | 
         | Indeed, the entrenched investment industry has become less fair
         | (or an outright liability) to customers, but casinos are at
         | least honest with their customers. Gambling with other peoples
         | money was not a real financial service until relatively
         | recently.
         | 
         | There is a market for a fiscally sustainable savings/investment
         | industry, but most people with under $2m in cash can't afford
         | the bonded fiduciary services.
         | 
         | Good luck, I kind of admire their ill fated ambition. =3
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | > _fiscally sustainable savings_
           | 
           | Buy gold bullion, rent a bank safe deposit box, store it
           | there. I suspect this is what comes closest to that, as of
           | now. (Sigh.)
        
             | Joel_Mckay wrote:
             | Precious metal prices rarely track with inflation, but 1.7%
             | of a portfolio should contain such leaky holdings.
             | 
             | While it is currently legal for US citizens to own gold
             | bars since 1974, if the tax man gets hungry... the old
             | rules may come back into popularity.
             | 
             | Best of luck, =3
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Buy gold bullion, rent a bank safe deposit box, store it
             | there_
             | 
             | This is the worst of all worlds. You have a high-
             | transaction cost volatile asset in a box which provides you
             | with less legal protection than crap stored in a home with
             | renter's or homeowner's insurance [1].
             | 
             | [1] https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/19/business/safe-
             | deposit-box...
        
               | ty6853 wrote:
               | Renter/homeowner insurance rarely cover precious metals
               | unless they are in their highest premium ( read worst as
               | store of value ) forms as jewelry or kitchenware. A vault
               | with stronger property rights than US and insurance is
               | probably better than your house (Singapore insured PM
               | vault maybe) but not as good as a hole in the ground
               | somewhere where metal detectors get a lot of false
               | positives somewhere remote with no attachment to your
               | identity.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Renter /homeowner insurance rarely cover precious
               | metals unless they are in their highest premium ( read
               | worst as store of value ) forms as jewelry or
               | kitchenware_
               | 
               | You're already paying a double-digit round-trip spread on
               | retail gold. The point is out of all the places you could
               | put physical gold, safe-deposit boxes max out the worst
               | attributes.
        
           | throwaway2037 wrote:
           | > bonded fiduciary services
           | 
           | I never saw this term before. Google shows me nothing. Can
           | you explain what you mean, please?
        
             | Joel_Mckay wrote:
             | It is a legally enforceable relationship with your
             | investment managers: "A fiduciary financial advisor is a
             | financial advisor who is legally and ethically bound by
             | fiduciary duty to serve in your best interests"
             | 
             | This detail becomes important when various cons come around
             | to bleed off your assets. Could be as simple as a "friend"
             | hyping worthless pump-and-dump stocks, or a fund manager
             | with ballooning fees.
             | 
             | In general, the lack of impulse control shown on YC seems
             | to indicate this information is not that useful for many
             | readers. Some people like being poor apparently lol =3
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _never saw this term before_
             | 
             | They're mixing up a securities term (irrelevant to banking
             | _per se_ and cash management totally).
             | 
             | What they mean is getting an adviser who is bound to act as
             | your fiduciary versus as a counterparty [1]. If you're
             | trusting your portfolio management entirely to a third
             | party, they should be a fiduciary.
             | 
             | That said, people outside finance seem to make a bigger
             | deal out of this than it is--in America if you're a retail
             | investor and you have a problem with a FINRA-member broker,
             | FINRA arbitration will almost always side with the retail
             | investor. Fiduciaries will tend to cost more (it's riskier)
             | and say no to you more; after all, you're asking them to
             | take decisions for you. I work in finance and couldn't tell
             | you which of my managers and advisers are fiduciaries
             | because I double check what they say and limit what they
             | can do. And this, again, has to do entirely with
             | investments. Not banking.
             | 
             | More pointedly, this part is nonsense: "most people with
             | under $2m in cash can't afford the bonded fiduciary
             | services." What you want for cash management is yield
             | (reward) and sweep (risk management).
             | 
             | [1] https://www.investopedia.com/financial-
             | edge/0912/5-misconcep...
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | While phonetically similar to a "securities term", the
               | conversation was about legal agreements with a registered
               | professional.
               | 
               | I think you are feigning ignorance for some reason or
               | posting AI slop,
               | 
               | Best of luck =3
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _While phonetically similar to a "securities term", the
               | conversation was about legal agreements with a registered
               | professional_
               | 
               | No. A "bonded fiduciary service" is not a thing. That's
               | why there are literally zero hits on Google for that
               | string.
               | 
               | You're thinking about an adviser--who must be a
               | registered professional in the U.S., but that's a
               | separate topic--who agrees to be _bound_ as a fiduciary.
               | ( _Bonding_ is a surety concept [1]. If someone is
               | arguing their fiduciary duties are stronger because they
               | 're bonded, please report them to your regulators because
               | that's nonsense.)
               | 
               | [1] https://www.investopedia.com/what-does-bonded-mean-
               | definitio...
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | How many SS's are in "Slow Mississippi bass" ?
               | 
               | I already donated to the Yellow Feather Fund friend, as I
               | recognized some people are very special in this world =3
        
         | Dalewyn wrote:
         | >Like, a high-yield savings account is just a savings account
         | with a better price, right?
         | 
         | Most if not all the big banks have a high yield savings account
         | or an equivalent under different names.
         | 
         | And yes, it's just a savings account with an actually
         | noteworthy interest rate. It's usually a bit below the interest
         | rate of money market funds.
        
         | abdullahkhalids wrote:
         | One datapoint: On /r/PersonalFinanceCanada a very common advice
         | is to save money in WealthSimple or Questrade type of online
         | financial institutions. And people seem to be very happy with
         | doing this.
         | 
         | Any financial institution that makes the act of investing money
         | simple and legible will win some market share. I have some
         | savings accounts in RBC Canada, and the UX seems to be designed
         | by monkeys throwing around crayons.
        
           | smnrchrds wrote:
           | Wealthsimple is a subsidiary of Power Corporation, a gigantic
           | financial services company that has existed for 100 years.
           | Its success is more an example of insider innovation rather
           | than outsider disruption.
        
             | BenoitEssiambre wrote:
             | Ah that's an interesting tidbit. I have a Wealthsimple
             | account through my (YC company) employer. The Desmarais
             | (Power corp folks) gave me a scholarship back in the day. I
             | hadn't made the connection.
        
             | abdullahkhalids wrote:
             | Interesting. I did not know that. But not surprising in
             | retrospect.
             | 
             | But I think the point still stands. WealthSimple is
             | probably not perceived by the median customer as a
             | traditional bank. So people using it is a counter-example
             | to GGP's point that people won't use "startup" banks.
        
               | kevin_nisbet wrote:
               | I don't know if the point should be that people won't use
               | a startup bank, just that the assets being directed to
               | the startups/disruptors are not presently threatening to
               | the big banks. I would suspect this is currently the case
               | with WealthSimple here in Canada as well. WealthSimple is
               | at something like $50 billion assets under management
               | [1].
               | 
               | Vanguard asset allocation ETFs are at like $1.3T [2]. 4
               | Of Canada's Big banks appear to add up to just over 2T
               | Assets under management based on what Google just gave me
               | as summary. So while I think this is a great outcome for
               | a startup (even with Power backing them), to me it seems
               | in a similar space as the above article that we're still
               | talking a relatively small market share, and likely still
               | closer to early adopter status.
               | 
               | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealthsimple#:~:text=
               | As%20of%2... [2] -
               | https://www.vanguard.ca/en/product/investment-
               | capabilities/a...
        
               | smnrchrds wrote:
               | I don't think the total assets under management is the
               | correct indicator. Vanguard, Big 5 Canadian banks, and
               | even Power Corp cater not only to consumers but also to
               | institutional investors and ultra high net worth
               | individuals. Wealthsimple, to the best of my knowledge,
               | is purely consumer-facing. It is not competing for the
               | same markets as the other ones. Its parent company Power
               | Corp, which is competing in the same area, has an AUM
               | that is comparable to the Big 5 banks. I wonder if there
               | is enough public data to compare consumer products in
               | isolation.
        
               | jszymborski wrote:
               | > WealthSimple is probably not perceived by the median
               | customer as a traditional bank.
               | 
               | Well in fairness Wealthsimple is an investment management
               | platform providing some bank-like features through their
               | partnership with other Schedule 1 banks (previously was
               | Equitable Bank, don't know if they are still with them).
               | 
               | Wealthsimple calls themselves a non-bank [0]. My
               | understanding is that when Wealthsimple says that funds
               | are CDIC ensured, they mean that they are held in a bank
               | account from a third party bank whose funds are CDIC
               | ensured.
               | 
               | I am not a lawyer or a banker, but Wealthsimple always
               | scared me a bit after seeing what happened to (albeit far
               | sketchier) Yotta when a fintech company they relied on
               | (Synapse) folded. While funds are insured, if your funds
               | are not "lost" but simply inaccessible, the insurance
               | isn't really worth anything. Likewise, my understanding
               | is that if WS goes belly-up (unlikely) there's a
               | possibility where funds are still made inaccessible and
               | the CDIC insurance doesn't kick in since the third-party
               | bank is still alive and well.
               | 
               | [0] https://archive.is/58zoJ
        
             | dlenski wrote:
             | As I understand it, Wealthsimple was founded independently
             | but then quickly bought by Power Corporation.
             | 
             | It is indeed quite interesting that its innovation and
             | competitive pricing
             | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42838063) in the last
             | couple years has happened under old, established Power
             | Corp.
             | 
             | Any educating theories about why this is happening now?
        
           | dlenski wrote:
           | Glad you're not the only one to point out Canada's
           | comparatively stodgy financial industry.
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42838063
           | 
           | The account management interfaces of Canadian banks are
           | pretty universally terrible. Even the neo-banks like
           | Tangerine.
        
             | jszymborski wrote:
             | Tangerine still insists on making login credentials your
             | account number, and a 4 digit pin. There used to be a
             | second system where they'd show you a secret combination of
             | images after login and you'd provide an answer to one of
             | four security questions, which kinda made things better as
             | I just provided passwords as the answer to the questions,
             | but now they've replaced that with _drumroll_ SMS 2FA.
             | 
             | Security is a clown show at Tangerine, I no longer use it
             | and can't suggest other folks do.
        
           | AdamN wrote:
           | Come to Germany and try Deutsche Bank. Those monkeys are just
           | throwing !@#$# at the wall. Moving from the US to Germany is
           | like taking a time machine to another era when it comes to
           | online banking.
        
         | xwolfi wrote:
         | Plus hum, would you deposit large money amounts in a small
         | fintech company ? The advantage of giant banks is that you sort
         | of trust their size will make them able to weather a crisis, if
         | only because so many taxpayers are involved that the government
         | has no choice but to help.
         | 
         | A fintech with 1M users screwing up loan rate timings being
         | unable to finance savings accounts and facing a run, would not
         | have much runway and the government would simply slowly try to
         | make people get 50c on the dollar and tell them to go back to a
         | big bank if they want better...
        
           | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
           | I considered doing it a few years ago with a company called
           | Yotta, and thank God I didn't, because they pivoted to a
           | gambling app before losing track of user funds when one of
           | their providers went bankrupt.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | It's not just size. Real banks maintain customer deposits in
           | separate named accounts. They don't co-mingle funds like
           | fintech companies. This makes a huge difference in the case
           | of insolvency or any sort of fraud.
        
           | netdevphoenix wrote:
           | Ideally, financial regulation should be there for you in
           | terms of bank failure without you having to trust old players
           | and further making disruption harder. And no matter how big
           | or small the bank, you should never put all your savings in
           | the same bank.
        
         | jiggawatts wrote:
         | I can tell you right now what I want from a "bank" as a
         | consumer: Putting the consumer first, not seventeenth or
         | whatever I typically experience with retail banks.
         | 
         | As a random example, I had $3,600 stolen from one of my
         | accounts by transactions labelled "Microsoft Online Services"
         | or something like that. The bank reversed _most_ , but not all
         | of the transactions, and then had the _nerve to lecture me_ --
         | an IT professional more than a bit knowledgeable about security
         | -- about how somehow this was all my fault.
         | 
         | Turns out that banking security and reliability from a
         | customer's perspective is absolutely insane. It's totally ass-
         | backwards. It's the _opposite of the Apple experience_ that
         | made that particular company the biggest in the world.
         | 
         | 1) Every field in a credit card transaction is attacker-
         | controlled. They can put down whatever business name they want,
         | whatever text they want, etc...
         | 
         | 2) Every field in a transaction history is either an alias
         | ("operating as xyz pty ltd"), an abbreviation, or just outright
         | confusing.
         | 
         | 3) Transaction histories and "you paid $ to X" notifications
         | often turn up hours or days later. There's no geo-location or
         | any other strong identifier linking these to the actual
         | business because of (1) and (2).
         | 
         | 4) There's no receipt details in the transaction history. "XYZ
         | pulled $123 from your account... for reasons. It's a mystery!"
         | 
         | 5) You can't see who's got recurring subscriptions on your
         | account. You can't trivially cancel or block someone from
         | pulling money from your account.
         | 
         | 6) Some banks now show categorised graphs of what you're
         | spending your money on, but _they 're guessing_. They don't
         | actually have the info of where the money went, so this is
         | useless. You can't figure this out yourself either because of
         | the tiny amount of info available to you.
         | 
         | 7) You can't use your transaction history for warranty
         | purposes, or any similar thing. You have to keep tiny pieces of
         | paper that fade rapidly... which is I'm _suuuure_ is just a
         | coincidence, right? Right?
         | 
         | 8) My bank claims I get notified if a transaction occurs on my
         | account. This is a lie, they only notify me of _some_ types of
         | transactions, and not reliably either.
         | 
         | 9) Trivial impossible-travel protections are not put in place.
         | If my phone is used for a payment in a "physical store" while
         | the GPS says it's in a different continent, pop up an "Approve
         | Y/N?" prompt at a minimum!
         | 
         | 10) You can't generally limit a vendor's access to your account
         | if they have your credit card details. You can't restrict them
         | to a single transaction, a fixed amount, or no-sneaky-
         | subscriptions.
         | 
         | 11) With shared accounts, you can't generally tell _who_ made a
         | transaction, even if they have individual cards and /or mobile
         | devices. (You can sometimes, depending on the bank and the type
         | of account, but it's not consistent. This is what happened to
         | us: Both of us assumed the other partner set up a valid
         | subscription.)
         | 
         | Etc, etc, etc....
         | 
         | I could go on for hours.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, like many people of said, the inertia of the
         | incumbents and their moat of regulation makes this kind of
         | thing nigh impossible with backwards compatibility.
         | 
         | Some org like Apple or Meta with very wide reach might be able
         | to force vendors to jump through their hoops, which then will
         | drag the traditional banks kicking and screaming into the
         | future.
         | 
         | I'm not holding my breath.
        
           | PeterStuer wrote:
           | "You can't see who's got recurring subscriptions on your
           | account. You can't trivially cancel or block someone from
           | pulling money from your account"
           | 
           | This is because any company that has the potential for
           | creating recurring subscriptions can do so to anyone at any
           | time with nothing but an account number.
           | 
           | There is no pre-verification of authorization whatsoever. The
           | only thing you can do is continuously monitor your bank
           | statements and dispute the charges when you see something
           | turn up, then hope for the best.
           | 
           | This system is croocked by design. Most people can't even
           | believe it is this way , but presentations by budding fintech
           | to small companies tout this 'feature' as the greatest thing
           | since sliced bread.
        
             | vel0city wrote:
             | > There is no pre-verification of authorization whatsoever.
             | 
             | There actually is a way they can sync up to say this is an
             | authorized regular transaction and they get the ability to
             | keep charging even when the old number expires and a new
             | card gets issued.
             | 
             | I forget what it's called, and I don't believe it's
             | supported everywhere.
        
               | reginald78 wrote:
               | This "feature" pisses me off. I was going to switch to
               | capital one virtual cards but from reading around it
               | seems that these two can be updated and even have
               | spending limits overridden in the case of subscription
               | services. Since protection from overcharging is the main
               | draw that product had it seems like a useless feature
               | once I read the details. They bill it as a benefit but
               | with the possible exception of my life insurance I'd much
               | prefer it the other way.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | It seems to me this feature should just come disabled for
               | virtual cards, as that's the whole point of virtual
               | numbers.
               | 
               | Personally though in a lifestyle with like a dozen
               | regular recurring credit transactions I'm not likely to
               | cancel on a whim or forget (electricity, gas, daycare,
               | insurance, internet, etc.) I'm fine most of these
               | entities getting a more stable identifier for billing but
               | I do agree it would be better to be opt-in on the
               | cardholder side.
        
           | mu53 wrote:
           | If these things bother you, consider a service that offers
           | virtual credit cards. Privacy.com or Revolut.
        
           | foobarian wrote:
           | Why involve banks in day-to-day financial transactions? The
           | way debit transactions work is batshit insane. One of the
           | reputable credit card providers is much better. Amex, Chase,
           | or Citibank are very good. Citibank offers virtual account
           | numbers with adjustable expiration date and daily spend
           | limit.
        
           | joshstrange wrote:
           | I "solve" most these issues by using a different tool/layer
           | (YNAB) on top of my financial institutions so that I can see
           | all my finances in one place with a good UI and and API. I
           | agree things should be better, I just wanted to share how I
           | handle tracking payments and bring some level of sanity to my
           | finances.
        
         | lazide wrote:
         | Finance is heavily regulated.
         | 
         | Disrupting a heavily regulated market is usually called
         | 'racketeering' or 'organized crime'.
        
           | ty6853 wrote:
           | Regulation is the racketeering. The central ringleader is the
           | fed, who 'ease' money into thin air, bypassing the pesky
           | annoyance of going around and collecting taxes to fund their
           | private and public benefactors.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | Hey, you can assert cops are the real criminals all you
             | want - but one of them is thrown in jail, and the other
             | (typically) isn't.
        
               | ty6853 wrote:
               | It does share the characteristic it was secretly planned
               | under assumed identities (on jackyll island) and
               | intentionally set up to be 'governed' by unelected bosses
               | intentionally firewalled from democratic processes.
        
       | rpcope1 wrote:
       | Well, there was an attempt at it. There was a startup run by one
       | of the best startup guys I've ever seen, Dave Wright, called
       | Reserve Trust, which managed to actually get a fed account. I
       | think some people in power caught wind of it, and it ended up
       | with congressional testimonies and a lot of other problems before
       | it basically got shut down.
        
         | ausbah wrote:
         | seems like there was a conflict of interest where a fed high up
         | helped them get a fed master account while also serving in the
         | company's board
         | 
         | https://www.bankingdive.com/news/kc-fed-has-revoked-reserve-...
        
       | pelorat wrote:
       | Because it's only possible in the USA. In the rest of the world
       | everything is a bank and regulated as such.
        
       | buyucu wrote:
       | Banking is a heavily regulated sector. Regulation effectively
       | blocks any kind of disruption and perpetuates the established
       | firms.
        
       | create-username wrote:
       | I want AI to rename my million of duplicate files
        
       | epolanski wrote:
       | As an European I love Revolut, it has some nice features.
       | 
       | On the other hand when it comes to serious money spending
       | (credit, mortgage) I want my physical local bank.
        
       | la64710 wrote:
       | Disrupt cancer if you can. Don't disrupt functioning system that
       | is not broken.
        
         | Quindecillion wrote:
         | I really hope this is satire.
        
       | 1a527dd5 wrote:
       | They might not be disrupting them, but they are definitely
       | causing competition in the market place again.
       | 
       | My main bank account is with Halifax, everyday spend is with
       | Starling. Then Monzo for anything risky.
       | 
       | Before Starling/Monzo the Halifax app was _crap_. Barely got any
       | updates and was very basic.
       | 
       | Now? The Halifax app is on par with the newer banks, and
       | sometimes even release new features before (e.g. scan cheque in
       | to deposit).
        
         | kylecazar wrote:
         | Interesting... We've had scanned check deposits at Chase (US)
         | for at least 15 years, I think.
        
           | stevesimmons wrote:
           | Bear in mind that's a measure of how backwards US banking is,
           | not how advanced.
           | 
           | In the UK, I can't remember the last time I wrote or received
           | a cheque. Maybe twice in the 17 years I've been living here,
           | and certainly not in the last decade.
           | 
           | So with UK cheque usage being a tiny fraction of the US rate,
           | there's simply no demand for it in banking apps.
        
           | 1oooqooq wrote:
           | most countries abandoned checks at least 15 years...
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | Cheque use in the UK is now around two per year per person.
           | (This includes business-to-business cheques.)
           | 
           | The over-65 age group is most likely to use them, and least
           | likely to use an app, so you can see why it wasn't a big
           | priority for most banks.
           | 
           | It's been at least 15 years since the banks stopped giving
           | account holders chequebooks by default. If you want one you
           | have to ask.
        
             | spacebanana7 wrote:
             | I get a couple of cheques a year from family in the UK.
             | It's an infrequent transaction but an important one, and
             | cheque scanning is actually the only reason I maintain my
             | legacy bank account.
        
         | danpalmer wrote:
         | Yeah I feel like Monzo and Starling really forced the high
         | street banks to level up their game. A friend of mine was a PM
         | on an app at one of the big high street banks and they said the
         | instruction from the top was explicitly to be like Monzo, and
         | they did iterate, get better at app development, and ship a
         | bunch of features that people like (spending notifications, in
         | app card freezing, etc).
        
         | jsemrau wrote:
         | That exactly. Fintech forced Financial Institutions into
         | Digital Transformation. Now they have caught up, there is no
         | "next big thing" for Fintech. Crypto might have been it, but it
         | killed itself by terrible UI and a never ending stream of scams
         | and frauds. I believe there is an AI Agent Internet of Money to
         | end Ad Revenue, but haven't found the arbitrage model yet.
        
         | alt227 wrote:
         | Halifax is owned by Lloyds banking group, and their current app
         | is just the exact same Lloyds app with a different logo. I know
         | because I bank with both and the apps are identical.
         | 
         | Previous to the merging of online services, you are correct
         | that Halifax had its own app and it was terrible. But at that
         | time Lloyds had a great app, they just hadnt unified the back
         | end tech of all the different bank brands they own.
         | 
         | It wasnt disruption from startups that caused the improvement,
         | it was the parent company taking its time to merge the decent
         | tech it had developed for itself.
        
       | anonfordays wrote:
       | The sad truth is most people don't have enough money in savings
       | for 4% vs 0.5% to make a material difference. The B2B stuff is
       | tougher to "disrupt", due to contractual agreements, regulatory
       | overhead, etc. Also not as sexy.
        
       | phendrenad2 wrote:
       | Banks are the most immune to disruption, because they function so
       | closely with government, and they are nothing without the
       | blessing of government. And the hurdles to create your own bank
       | are very high. Check out this great Netflix documentary "Bank of
       | Dave": A moderately successful businessman decided to start his
       | own bank, just to see if it could be done (and to lower fees for
       | his local community). The results are... pretty much what you'd
       | expect. "You can't start a bank... nobody starts a BANK!" (They
       | just kinda... have always existed!)
        
         | dalyons wrote:
         | UK specific maybe? ~10 banks get started every year in the US,
         | there are ~5000 US banks.
        
         | phatfish wrote:
         | It depends of the services the bank offers, because there are
         | plenty of smaller regulated banks with deposit protection that
         | offer savings accounts in the UK. I assume running a current
         | account has a lot more regulatory requirements than savings?
        
       | TuringNYC wrote:
       | I think Evolve/Synapse and the fog surrounding the responsible
       | parties, along with complete radio silence on persons responsible
       | (almost as if newsmedia has been given a gag order) has
       | _completely kneecapped bank competition for a half-decade at
       | least._
       | 
       | If it takes experts to explain how Evolve/Synapse happened, why
       | it couldnt happen to another "Fintech bank", and how to tell if
       | you are at risk...then there is no point even venturing past
       | Chase/BoA/Citi/your local bank.
       | 
       | https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/fed-penalizes-evolv...
        
       | pg5 wrote:
       | I personally want my bank to be as boring as possible.
        
       | larrydag wrote:
       | I believe disruption can come in the form of underwriting and
       | servicing loans. The old model of large call centers that do
       | buying and servicing loans has been around forever. It scales
       | fairly well but it is costly and very inefficient. If those
       | processes are lean then savings could be passed to pricing.
       | Basically creating a credit union model to a national scale.
        
       | bern4444 wrote:
       | The most interesting tech company in the banking to me is
       | Column[0].
       | 
       | No affiliation but it caught my eye when the launched.
       | 
       | Admittedly it still feels abstract to me, but the value
       | proposition of having every capability supported by an API (like
       | AWS's methodology of having all services be API first) on top of
       | an actually chartered bank seems perfectly fitted for the
       | creation of banking services that are significantly easier for
       | consumers to interact with and understand.
       | 
       | I'm curious to see what people build on top of it.
       | 
       | [0]https://column.com
        
         | tiffanyh wrote:
         | No blog post in nearly 3-years
         | 
         | https://column.com/blog
         | 
         | No product updates in over 7-months
         | 
         | https://column.com/changelog/
         | 
         | That doesn't instill much confidence.
        
       | cudgy wrote:
       | Maybe because the Fintech companies are being built and largely
       | financed by the banks?
        
       | Centigonal wrote:
       | Capital One did a great job shaking up consumer credit in the
       | late 90s, and then branch banking in the mid 2000s with their
       | weird combination cafe+branches. They're eighth in the US by
       | domestic deposits today. Does the firm need to be headquartered
       | in Silicon Valley for disruption to have occurred?
        
         | onlypassingthru wrote:
         | It was ING Direct who built the unusual US cafe/bank operation
         | and eventually sold it all to Capital One as part of the great
         | financial crisis restructuring in 2011.
         | 
         | https://www.ing.com/Newsroom/News/Press-releases/PROld/ING-t...
        
           | Centigonal wrote:
           | Interesting! I didn't know that
        
       | anself wrote:
       | Having worked in banking for many years (no longer), I can say
       | with confidence, the big banks have a giant moat: regulation.
       | 
       | They want to be heavily regulated so that new upstart competitors
       | will not come in and spoil their cozy space. And it's easy to
       | justify because terrorism, money laundering, insider trading, etc
       | etc. And many of these regulations are largely ineffective and
       | easily worked around, whilst costing billions to the banks to
       | comply with. Hence the moat.
       | 
       | We won't get banking disruption until there's banking
       | deregulation.
        
         | thisislife2 wrote:
         | > _many of these regulations are largely ineffective_ ...
         | 
         | Maybe in the US or some other parts of the world, but the
         | Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the indian banking regulator, does
         | a pretty decent job, as is evident from the public payment
         | infrastructure they have fostered (see
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Payments_Corporation_...
         | ) . They also create a competitive market by allowing small
         | players to enter the market (e.g. https://byjus.com/free-ias-
         | prep/payment-banks/). Many of their regulations also do a
         | decent job of protecting consumer rights (e.g.
         | https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/...
         | ).
        
       | dlenski wrote:
       | From my vantage point, with accounts in both Canada and the US,
       | the US market seems hard to disrupt because its financial sector
       | _is already highly competitive_.
       | 
       | Meanwhile Canada has long been completely dominated by 5 or 6
       | massive big banks that charge high fees for basic chequing
       | accounts, and where credit card perks are far stingier than in
       | the US...
       | 
       | The financially industry is being _pretty massively disrupted_ by
       | Wealthsimple.
       | 
       | - They have a cash account (~checking/savings hybrid) that pays
       | much better interest than all the big banks
       | 
       | - They offer zero-commission trades on Canadian and US stocks and
       | ETFs
       | 
       | - They appear to be preparing a wide rollout of a credit card
       | which offers 2% cash-back on everything (there are few Canadian
       | credit cards that offer more than 1% cashback as a "base rate")
        
       | Paddywack wrote:
       | In developing countries (Africa, South Asia, South America) many
       | of the banks were disrupted by mobile payments providers.
       | Granted, it was more that they missed servicing the 80% of their
       | markets that were unserviced but still needed to do things we all
       | take for granted. Some of these are now the default payments
       | systems.
        
       | spiritplumber wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-Pesa Stuff like this did happen.
        
       | 0dayz wrote:
       | Isn't this mostly due to fintech being the middleman?
        
       | Quindecillion wrote:
       | Without being an expert on the topic I'm going hazard a guess
       | that it's due to regulatory moats that keep challengers out of
       | the arena, and banks endlessly lobby to maintain that regulatory
       | capture.
        
         | spacebanana7 wrote:
         | In the UK there's no significant regulatory advantage to big
         | banks outside of the mortgage market, yet the same dynamics
         | occur. The biggest issue for new digital banks is customer
         | acquisition cost. Most consumers won't change bank accounts
         | unless you spend hundreds of pounds on adverts and incentives.
        
       | fergie wrote:
       | There was a massive disruption to banking in 2008. Governments
       | bailed them out.
        
       | bux93 wrote:
       | If you only count startups that offer payments - and little else
       | - as fintechs, then yeah, they're not displacing banks.
       | 
       | If you count private credit funds like Apollo Global Management,
       | the story is very different: private credit is seriously
       | encroaching on the balance sheets of banks. Not very tech, but
       | very fin. In investments, ETFs and podshops are both fin and
       | tech, and crushing it.
        
       | 2d8a875f-39a2-4 wrote:
       | You can't really "take deposits and issue loans" without just
       | becoming a bank yourself. People start new banks all the time.
       | 
       | Or by "disrupting" does he just mean "end run around the laws and
       | regulations"?
        
         | n4r9 wrote:
         | > People start new banks all the time
         | 
         | Is that true in the US? In the UK there was recently a period
         | of around 150 years during which not a single new banking
         | licence was issued. There's a film called Bank of Dave which
         | dramatises the attempts of Dave Fishwick - a businessman from
         | the North of England - to set up a local community bank. It's
         | distressing the lengths that the established banks went to to
         | quash it.
         | 
         | If I understand correctly, he still does not have a licence,
         | although Metro bank did manage to get one in 2010.
         | 
         | Wiki article about the film:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_Dave_(film)
         | 
         | Guardian article from the real-life inspiration for the main
         | character: https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-
         | radio/tvandradioblog/2012...
        
           | 2d8a875f-39a2-4 wrote:
           | Don't know the UK banking landscape, but it doesn't look that
           | unusual in recent times:
           | https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/prudential-regulation/new-
           | ba...
        
       | biohcacker84 wrote:
       | Uhmm... isn't that what crypto is basically?
       | 
       | Per Mark Marc Andreessen the Biden admin tried to shut down
       | crypto entirely But with the new administration we'll hopefully
       | see growth and real competition to the old banks.
        
         | aketchum wrote:
         | I'm not being a troll I'm seriously asking - how does crypto
         | replace banks? Am I going to get a mortgage in BTC? If narrow
         | banking, why give them my btc at all instead of holding myself?
         | If not narrow banking then they are lending out my btc? Does
         | that even work on blockchain? How do you do fractional reserve
         | lending with a deflationary and one of one asset?
        
           | tcgv wrote:
           | > how does crypto replace banks?
           | 
           | Crypto can replace some banking functions, such as payments,
           | electronic transfers, and lending/borrowing.
           | 
           | One could argue that crypto eliminates the need for
           | traditional checking accounts since you have full control
           | over your funds with private keys. However, this doesn't
           | account for the legal safeguards and protections that banks
           | provide.
           | 
           | > Am I going to get a mortgage in BTC?
           | 
           | I don't recall seeing mortgage services in crypto yet.
           | However, there are borrowing platforms like AAVE, primarily
           | used for leveraging crypto investments or speculation. These
           | platforms are decentralized, with strict collateral
           | requirements, typically limiting borrowing to 80% of your
           | collateral.
           | 
           | > If narrow banking, why give them my btc at all instead of
           | holding myself?
           | 
           | Not sure I fully understand your question, but typically,
           | when you lend your crypto to a service, you're seeking to
           | earn a yield in exchange for the risk of lending your assets.
           | 
           | > Does that even work on blockchain?
           | 
           | Theoretically, yes. You could create a narrow bank using
           | crypto, but you'd need a decentralized mechanism to verify
           | the bank's holdings. This could involve creating an oracle
           | (ex: Chainlink) service to confirm asset reserves.
           | 
           | > How do you do fractional reserve lending with a
           | deflationary and one of one asset?
           | 
           | Instead of using deflationary assets like BTC, fractional
           | reserve lending could rely on stablecoins, which are better
           | suited for such systems. That said, not all stablecoins are
           | equally reliable.
        
       | slashdev wrote:
       | I've seen plenty of attempts to disrupt the big banks that are
       | quickly bought by the big banks if they develop traction.
       | 
       | You see the same with big tech.
       | 
       | To get real disruption we need founders and investors willing to
       | play the long game.
        
       | egberts1 wrote:
       | Does the article blatantly ignore the basic principle of
       | fractional reserve?
       | 
       | A tiny deposit for a bank to hold means 7x more money to loan
       | out, or something?
        
       | alistairSH wrote:
       | I'd be thrilled if US banks figured out how to do "instant" money
       | exchanges.
       | 
       | Today, if I pay my credit card from an account with a different
       | bank, the payment is reflected immediately in my Visa account,
       | but takes 3-5 days to reflect in my main checking account. It's
       | completely bonkers that a 100% electronic transaction takes days
       | to fulfill.
        
         | slumberlust wrote:
         | It took us 15 years to get tap to pay; I wouldn't holdout on
         | any of these dinos innovating anytime soon.
        
         | tencentshill wrote:
         | They want as much time as possible for that money to gain
         | interest before it leaves their possession.
        
         | BenjiWiebe wrote:
         | FedNow is slowly rolling out. We'll see what happens.
        
           | krunck wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FedNow
           | 
           | FedNow's list of participating financial institutions on
           | their web site is a downloadable Excel spreadsheet.
           | Innovation indeed.
        
       | kasey_junk wrote:
       | In the US most banks are no longer in the take deposits and give
       | loans consumer business and haven't been for a really long time.
       | 
       | They do take deposits but the major source of consumer loans,
       | mortgages, are outsourced to Fannie and Freddie. Some big banks
       | have lending arms in the form of credit card issuance, but short
       | term loans like that aren't really what people tend to mean and
       | they aren't why we chartered banks as a society historically.
       | Small business loans are both vanishingly rare and governmentally
       | backed.
       | 
       | The real disruption in banking going on right now is in large
       | business lending. Commercial real estate, bonds, etc. Those are
       | also no longer showing up on bank balance sheets. Capital
       | regulations have made that too expensive, so the big banks are
       | outsourcing that function to private non--bank companies. They
       | just aren't fintechs.
       | 
       | So disruption is absolutely happening it's just on the finance
       | side, not the consumer marketing side of the house.
        
       | herodoturtle wrote:
       | In South Africa the "big" (historically incumbent) banks were
       | indeed disrupted by a "startup" bank relatively recently (in the
       | last 20 years) - and this startup bank went on to in turn become
       | one of the big banks.
       | 
       | There is an excellent book called "Stalking Giants" [1] that
       | covers this story nicely. It's a fun read (especially for South
       | Africans) and was published recently.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.amazon.co.za/Capitec-Stalking-Giants-T-J-
       | Strydom...
        
       | loourr wrote:
       | The big banks are larger then ever because of consolidation and
       | inflation but I do think they're getting disrupted.
       | 
       | I think services like Fidelity are meaningfully disrupting banks.
       | I much rather have my money in a money market fund then a deposit
       | checking account. Most loans are not being held on bank balance
       | sheets any more either, but are getting sold to the market, so
       | they're no longer as critical a part of the financing stack.
       | 
       | And we're still early days on stable tokens and the defi
       | infrastructure around them.
        
       | bArray wrote:
       | What does "disruption" look like in the banking space? Banks want
       | the perception of immovable, confidence, reliable, resilience,
       | etc. It's what gives them the credibility to move big money. They
       | don't want to "move fast and break things". Some may think about
       | digital currencies.
       | 
       | My warning is this: Be careful what you wish for. If we were to
       | switch to a full digital currency, there are significant concerns
       | that money could be allocated like a voucher, where it could be
       | sent and only spent in a certain way. Suddenly the government
       | decides those receiving some kind of social care allowance must
       | spend different parts in different ways, i.e. a minimum of 50%
       | MUST be spent on rent (an extremely enticing proposition in a
       | recession). Perhaps there is a tax for not spending enough, or on
       | the correct thing. Perhaps there is a micro-tax for moving it
       | around. Maybe the micro-tax is dependant on your social credit
       | score. The slippery slope goes on.
       | 
       | The only thing currently stopping this is that you can withdraw
       | your entire wage each month and spend it however you want,
       | without such a tax. The government or banks cannot be certain of
       | precisely how you spend your money when using cash. The very
       | moment cash is gone, such implements can be created and there is
       | nothing you can do about it.
       | 
       | Maybe I am behind the times, but I don't like the sound of
       | "disruption" in the banking industry. That last time I saw
       | "disruption" was in 2008, and many people lost their homes.
        
         | jncfhnb wrote:
         | The other thing stopping it is the law and the fact that the US
         | dollar is the global reserve currency and that would be a
         | pretty great way to ruin that
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _that would be a pretty great way to ruin that_
           | 
           | Not really. It would be similar to tax rules--not really
           | applicable to non-American depositors.
        
             | jncfhnb wrote:
             | It _could_ be like that. But we're very deep down slippery
             | slope hypotheticals by this point.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _we're very deep down slippery slope hypotheticals by
               | this point_
               | 
               | Not really. We're talking about how the U.S. government
               | treats local deposits at American banks. That's not
               | really relevant to the dollar's international role.
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | A digital dollar is not down some rabbit hole of
               | hypotheticals. The fed (amongst others) debate/study it.
               | Published this a couple years ago:
               | 
               | https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/files/money-
               | and-...
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | We're not talking about a digital dollar so much as a
               | government mandated spending program for all citizens or
               | perhaps retail account owning individuals.
        
         | wussboy wrote:
         | I'm not worried about the government doing these things, I'm
         | worried about corporations colluding to do these things.
        
           | Galatians4_16 wrote:
           | That's basically the same thing.
        
             | yfw wrote:
             | At least we pretend to have accountability in the
             | government.
        
         | thatfrenchguy wrote:
         | I mean, the government in the US already loves dictating what
         | poor people can spend their money on when they get assistance.
         | 
         | Look at WIC for example, even in progressive California, they
         | literally force you to buy only white eggs:
         | https://docs.wic.ca.gov/Content/Documents/ShoppingGuide-EN-A...
         | . You also can't buy any cheese with taste, because you are
         | poor and you don't deserve good food.
         | 
         | Think of the cost of that stupid bureaucracy.
        
         | Kiro wrote:
         | Cash is already practically gone in a lot of countries. I don't
         | know anyone who uses it and don't even know how the bills look
         | nowadays. Must have been at least 10 years since I even touched
         | physical cash.
        
           | buu700 wrote:
           | I rarely touch physical cash, but when I do I feel like I
           | need to wash my hands.
        
           | johnmaguire wrote:
           | To the detriment of many. See
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42696204
        
           | EduardoBautista wrote:
           | My main issue with cash is that I hate receiving coins. If it
           | weren't for coins, I would try to do occasional transactions
           | in cash, just to support something that is truly anonymous.
        
           | danielmarkbruce wrote:
           | But the option is there. It matters.
        
         | delusional wrote:
         | Why would "the government" do that? I hate it when people talk
         | about "the government" doing something.
         | 
         | The real mechanics you'd see in your example is that the
         | business elite would begin astroturfing support from the
         | American public, with some nonsense about helping the poor
         | better control their finances. Nobody would believe it, and
         | progressives would be against it. In reality it will be driven
         | by the commercial desire to FORCE people to purchase coca cola
         | or whatever.
        
           | Galatians4_16 wrote:
           | You can think of it in terms of political parties, if it
           | helps.
           | 
           | "The Democrats would never do that" then Republicans pass the
           | bill, and the Democrats protest, but run with it and don't
           | abolish it when back in power... Swap parties as required for
           | your flavour of government.
        
           | dghlsakjg wrote:
           | The government already does this.
           | 
           | SNAP, colloquially foodstamps, can only be used on certain
           | forms of food. Frozen goods are fine, but cannot be prepared
           | hot, even if there is not a charge or it is the exact same
           | food product.
           | 
           | So my local corner grocery is allowed to sell anyone frozen
           | food, whether they pay with SNAP or cash. But they also have
           | a microwave that anyone can use to heat up purchased food,
           | except for SNAP buyers. It is interpreted as unlawful for a
           | SNAP recipient to use that microwave to heat up their
           | subsidized food at the place that they bought it, so there is
           | a government policy, enforced at the point of sale, severely
           | restricting the use of SNAP.
        
             | bear141 wrote:
             | Requiring people who get government money for food to not
             | use it on prepared food is a good thing I would think.
             | Technicalities like the one you presented do seem
             | ridiculous on their own however.
        
             | yfw wrote:
             | This is all seen as acceptable but try tying a tax break to
             | hiring or investment and you'll hear screams from the stock
             | buyback board
        
         | kbolino wrote:
         | These incentives already exist. The tax code has been
         | manipulated to encourage or discourage behavior since at least
         | WW2. A digital currency makes a lot of these incentives easier
         | to create and easier to enforce, but they wouldn't be _new_.
        
           | danielmarkbruce wrote:
           | It's a huge difference. Incentives are one thing, being able
           | to force or take money directly is a whole different level.
           | 
           | Right now you need someone in the government administration +
           | a court + a bank to do anything like this. With a digital
           | dollar, you lose the last two.
        
             | kbolino wrote:
             | The Federal Reserve _is_ a bank. And we already have a
             | relevant historical example to examine, postal savings
             | accounts. I 'm not aware of any special power that the
             | executive branch had to bypass the judicial branch where
             | those accounts were concerned, versus privately held
             | accounts. Plus, the Post Office was directly answerable to
             | the President then, while the Federal Reserve has never
             | directly answered to the President. This is an unfounded
             | fear and doesn't reflect anything intrinsic to a (central
             | bank-administered) digital currency.
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | Not for consumers and non-bank businesses it isn't. You
               | don't have an account at the fed. You have an account at
               | plain old commercial bank. Someone at the plain old
               | commercial bank can freeze your money, right now. You'll
               | have to sue, go to court, win, just to get access to your
               | money.
               | 
               | If the fed becomes the place you have an account, they
               | can do what the commercial bank currently can do.
               | 
               | The difference is incentives - why do it? Commercial
               | banks have no incentive, and in fact have the incentive
               | to push back when asked.
               | 
               | As for the president - sure - generally speaking the fed
               | is independent. But they have significant regulatory and
               | supervisory roles all by themselves, and are part of the
               | administration of the government even if they aren't
               | "part of the administration" as the term is usually used
               | in the US.
        
       | elric wrote:
       | US banks are weird [1]. Archaic. Slow. Filthy rich. Incompetent.
       | And yet they're nearly impossible to disrupt due to the benefit
       | of size. Starting a new bank is expensive, unless you want to
       | pretend at being a real bank and letting another bank handling
       | all of the nitty-gritty details. In which case you've now become
       | a reseller of that bank, and will likely be even worse.
       | 
       | The only thing that can disrupt US banks is consumer outrage, of
       | which there seems to be very little.
       | 
       | [1] Source: I've consulted for some of the largest US, European
       | and African banks.
        
         | throwawaysleep wrote:
         | And trust. Fintech in the US has had a bunch of spectacular
         | implosions and scams.
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | What about Japanese banks? They have a reputation of being
         | terrible, justified for the little experience I had with them.
         | 
         | Lots of fees, bureaucratic, inconvenient opening times,...
         | 
         | In Japan, cash is king, and loan sharking is very prevalent.
         | Not a very good sign for the banking system.
         | 
         | Note that it is now becoming increasingly possible to go
         | cashless, though cash is still the most widely accepted option.
         | And I think it is mostly thanks to foreign banks like Citibank.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | I don't see what more US banks could do. I have been
         | transferring money instantly to people online for over a decade
         | for free. They have websites/apps, I can withdraw paper money
         | around the world, what other utility could a "bank" provide me?
         | 
         | They are utilities that keep a database associating account
         | number and dollar number.
         | 
         | I earn a few thousand dollars from them every year in the form
         | of sign up bonuses, and I have never spent a dime in fees for
         | having an account or transferring money.
         | 
         | If the US government offered a more protected way of saving
         | money not subject to know-your-customer-revoke-access-to-your-
         | property-at-anytime-under-the-guise-of-potential-criminal-
         | activity laws, then I would use them.
        
           | nothercastle wrote:
           | Pay interest. They charge you 400bps to hold your money it's
           | outrageous
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | US banks do pay interest. If you're not earning at least US
             | federal funds rate minus ~50bps, that's on you for not
             | choosing to spend 5 min to open a bank account.
             | 
             | https://www.doctorofcredit.com/high-interest-savings-to-
             | get/
             | 
             | Capital One/CIT/Citi/PNC/Apple Card/Marcus/Ally/American
             | Express are all reputable, big banks with long histories.
        
         | Mistletoe wrote:
         | I don't know if it counts as disruption exchanging one behemoth
         | for another but my life got a lot better when I started using a
         | Fidelity cash management account as my bank.
        
           | RandomBacon wrote:
           | That doesn't have the same protections (at least FDIC) as a
           | standard checking or savings account, correct?
        
         | TrackerFF wrote:
         | Here in Norway new, innovative, and successful banks have
         | been...wait for it...acquired by the big old banks. Then the
         | enshittification starts.
         | 
         | Then customers scramble to find a replacement, which opens up
         | the door to a new exciting bank, and history repeats.
        
           | ninalanyon wrote:
           | Have you found a replacement for SBanken?
        
         | segasaturn wrote:
         | Could banking customers moving their business to Credit Unions
         | be disruptive? I know nothing about this space, by the way.
        
           | nothercastle wrote:
           | They suck, pay no interest and charge the same high fees. The
           | best alternative is investment brokerage cash accounts. They
           | pay interest, allow you to buy short term treasuries with
           | savings and provide checking/debt cards
        
         | ForHackernews wrote:
         | How are they incompetent? My boring old bank has never lost my
         | money, it sends out bill payments on time. Those are the main
         | things I ask for it to do, and it has done them competently for
         | decades.
         | 
         | As far as I can see, none of the fintech/web3/crypto-nonsense
         | companies can be trusted to do those things well.
        
           | paperpunk wrote:
           | How do you know it's never lost your money? Do you audit each
           | transaction on your statements?
        
             | kbolino wrote:
             | I would hope so. I certainly do. In 25 years of using them,
             | I have never had a conventionally regulated financial
             | institution (NCUA-insured credit union, FDIC-insured bank)
             | lose so much as a penny. Whether they are keeping proper
             | reserves is another question entirely, but also not really
             | my problem (NCUA and FDIC exist for a reason).
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | Could it be that the sub-prime mortgage goofballs did exactly
       | that two decades ago, and the shields are still up?
        
       | openrisk wrote:
       | Both "disruption" and "banks" are very broad terms. The three
       | common subtypes of banks (retail, commercial, investment) live in
       | different planets as far as infrastructure, products, business
       | models etc.
       | 
       | So called "fintech disruption" typically concerns just retail
       | banking and is basically just: use an "app" instead of physical
       | branches to cater to the mobile-native generations. Nothing that
       | any old bank cannot also implement as an alternative channel.
       | 
       | Real disruptions do happen every once in a while and involve new
       | financial products and business models (securitisation,
       | derivatives etc.). But these are typically driven by legal rather
       | than digital innovations.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | Exactly. Apps can be differentiators.
         | 
         | Also, large banks fundamentally work. People with money want
         | excitement and disruption away from their money.
        
       | AutistiCoder wrote:
       | Bitcoin was supposed to disrupt banking.
       | 
       | Look how _that_ turned out.
        
       | Developerx wrote:
       | Take a look at Russian bank apps and ecosystems. How fadt they
       | transfer money etc. I hate every time I'm in America. So stupid
       | and ugly bank apps. It's funny they still not have portable card
       | readers so I don't give my card to the waitress
        
       | Finnucane wrote:
       | "Nobody is going to put their money in Fred's Bank."---Steve
       | Martin
        
       | jefurii wrote:
       | This is probably a good thing. I don't want disruption in my
       | bank.
        
       | insane_dreamer wrote:
       | The collapse of Synapse is a pretty good example of why people
       | don't -- and shouldn't -- put their money in the hands of a
       | "fintech startup". And while not a "startup", the collapse of SVB
       | certainly doesn't help due to its close association with SV and
       | by extension FinTech startups.
       | 
       | I'm happy to use FinTech startup products for certain
       | transactions -- CashApp and Wise are great and I might keep a
       | small balance with them. But it takes decades of being around
       | before people are willing to entrust serious deposits with them.
        
         | financetechbro wrote:
         | I think you're reaching far to connect dots here. SVB collapse
         | has nothing to do with innovations related to fintech. Their
         | issue was more of the typical run on the bank situation than
         | anything to do with innovation. So it was a failure of the
         | traditional banking model, which any bank is susceptible to
        
       | 4d4m wrote:
       | Chime would disagree with this article title...
        
         | Mathnerd314 wrote:
         | Well, it's half true and half false. There are a lot of "new"
         | fintech-ish banks competing on fees, transaction speed,
         | overdrafts, etc. - bank-type things that matter to consumers.
         | But it's true, there are no fintech banks competing to be "too
         | big to fail" and getting that government bailout money. You
         | have to look at crypto for equivalents of the Federal reserve,
         | and people don't recognize those as banks. Although I would
         | say, Coinbase is getting pretty close to a consumer-level
         | "crypto bank".
        
       | Yhippa wrote:
       | It's hard to break into banking because the big banks
       | successfully used regulatory capture to lock out new
       | participants.
        
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