[HN Gopher] Mineral Oil Cooled PC (2014)
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       Mineral Oil Cooled PC (2014)
        
       Author : LorenDB
       Score  : 41 points
       Date   : 2025-01-24 13:57 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.pugetsystems.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.pugetsystems.com)
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | - _" Unfortunately our mineral oil aquarium PC kit project has
       | been alleged to infringe on the patents held by a company who
       | holds several patents related to mineral oil cooling of PCs."_
       | 
       | What risible clowns. How could you dream of patenting this--oil-
       | immersion cooling, in computing, goes back *at least* to 1961 [0]
       | (and there's probably even earlier prior art, I can't find
       | citations for the vacuum-tube era but it'd be very likely they
       | had tried something like that). It's the most _obvious_ solution
       | in the world.  "Oil-dunk hot thing for more cold" is a bronze-age
       | blacksmith's wisdom.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_7030_Stretch ( _" The
       | memory was immersion oil-heated/cooled to stabilize its operating
       | characteristics"_)
        
         | perihelions wrote:
         | My comment was a bit harsh as I wrote it, but, it's genuinely
         | so _depressing_ to read about the cool things people create,
         | and then seeing them vanish from the internet, as morals-less
         | lawyers swoop in and claim various falsehoods--on the
         | calculation that the victim won 't have the resources to fight
         | against professional patent trolls. Against experts who
         | _specialize_ in legal extortion, such as this example.
         | 
         | - _"...regardless of how we felt about the validity of this
         | patent pressure, we could not devote the time, finances and
         | energy to take up that battle "_
         | 
         | These types of predators are the natural enemy of HN.
        
         | tantalor wrote:
         | You could patent this, but it would be on specifics of the
         | process & design, like how the chassis are constructed (down to
         | the fabrication steps), special/unusual components, and exactly
         | how the heat dissipation works.
         | 
         | It should be basically impossible for some hackers in a garage
         | to accidentally infringe on a patent without reading it. If it
         | was infringing, it would be 1) extremely unlucky, or more
         | likely 2) the patent was fatally vague to begin with, and
         | should be invalidated.
        
       | atmanactive wrote:
       | Been there, done that. Useless in a home/lab environment. For a
       | data-center - maybe.
       | 
       | In my experience, the oil is far from odourless. It seems that
       | way at first, but after a while it saturates the room/house with
       | very annoying smell. Several months later, and I had to get rid
       | of that smell. Even went as far to build stainless steel tanks
       | with gaskets used for car motors. But, when airtight, the whole
       | thing looses it's thermal properties and starts overheating
       | again. I guess because of pressure build-up. So, it is either
       | endure the mineral oil vapors, or nothing.
       | 
       | On top of all that, pray you never need to replace/upgrade a
       | component... getting the whole thing out of the oil and cleaning
       | it up so you could handle it again - a nightmare.
        
         | imglorp wrote:
         | I mean, you can still get Flourinert (!!) and you can pretend
         | you have a Cray.
         | 
         | But more seriously, would distilled water work? It should have
         | minimal conductivity in theory.
         | 
         | https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/p/d/b40045180/
        
           | MisterTea wrote:
           | I think distilled water would begin to leach metals and
           | whatnot from the PCB making it conductive again. Certainly
           | would need to be continually monitored and watch for
           | corrosion. Flourinert is super expensive, we use it at work
           | for gross leak inspection and filing a single small tank is i
           | think 3-4k USD.
        
             | qwertox wrote:
             | Distilled water is pretty inexpensive, so flushing it once
             | a month or so would probably work.
        
               | dan_can_code wrote:
               | I just had the funny thought of flushing my PC like a
               | toilet.
        
           | mystified5016 wrote:
           | Distilled water is surprisingly corrosive. Water is actually
           | a very good solvent, but most water you encounter is already
           | so saturated with dissolved minerals and such that it _seems_
           | mostly inert.
           | 
           | Distilled water would work for a while, but will literally
           | dissolve the metals on your board. Conductivity will of
           | course creep up over time, but your main concern should be
           | that the widget you're trying to cool is getting eaten by the
           | coolant.
           | 
           | As an example, you may have noticed that air conditioner
           | condensate can damage concrete. The condensate is pretty pure
           | water, and physics _really_ wants it to be less pure. The
           | water is so reactive that it can rip the minerals out of
           | cement, leaving just the aggregate behind.
           | 
           | If all that weren't bad enough, once you put a PCB in pure
           | water and it starts leeching ions, you suddenly have an
           | electrolysis bath with dissimilar metals. If you can't
           | maintain the purity of the solution, you'll have a _very_ bad
           | time.
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | Air conditioner condensate is not pure water though, it
             | contains dissolved CO2 from the atmosphere aka carbonic
             | acid.
             | 
             | All water in contact with atmospheric air does this. Same
             | with other acid gases, but CO2 is the main one. See also
             | acid rain.
        
             | madaxe_again wrote:
             | Well, surely you just need a sacrificial anode - nice block
             | of zinc or magnesium wired to earth that you replace once a
             | year.
        
           | simne wrote:
           | > would distilled water work?
           | 
           | Unfortunately, not, because water is very corrosive, and easy
           | gather many non-inert substances just from air.
           | 
           | This is very serious problem. I once talked with old support
           | engineer from USSR, who have some experience with old water-
           | cooled computers.
           | 
           | And he said, it was just nightmare, all those pipes
           | periodically leak (some because rot, others become fractured)
           | and in many cases, if water reach pcb, its broke.
           | 
           | Really problem was solved on Cray-2 (and later models) by use
           | Fluorinert, which was so inert that was safe to literally
           | drop boards into liquid.
           | 
           | Some persons even thinking, Soviets Elbrus was not successful
           | just because USSR don't have companies like DuPont or 3M to
           | produce something similar to Fluorinert.
        
             | simne wrote:
             | Exists sea grade of electronics, which are covered by thick
             | coating layer, but it is also non-ideal solution, could
             | become fractured, and you cannot make coating on dip
             | switches or on connectors.
        
             | wbl wrote:
             | Fluorinert was absolutely something the USSR could produce.
             | You need fluoromers and fluorine chemistry for nuclear
             | technology.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _when airtight, the whole thing looses it 's thermal
         | properties and starts overheating again. I guess because of
         | pressure build-up_
         | 
         | Does the oil actuallly avoid heating up that much by expanding?
        
           | atmanactive wrote:
           | It seems so. I would drill a 1mm diameter hole at the top to
           | release the pressure and the temperatures would immediately
           | drop. But then we are back to that horrible, horrible smell.
           | I'm guessing that's why nobody sits next to powergrid AC/AC
           | transformers (also submerged in mineral oil) but they are
           | always secluded in a small room or left hanging high up on
           | the pole. It's simply inhuman, that oil.
        
         | ycombinatrix wrote:
         | >The custom mineral oil pc project has always been intended as
         | a cool conversation piece
         | 
         | Sounds like it worked :)
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | > Useless in a home/lab environment.
         | 
         | Could you do something like a mini-split and put that half
         | outside?
        
           | atmanactive wrote:
           | Yes, but then again, you could do that with any approach,
           | even turbine-grade fans for loud air cooling. It kind of
           | defeats the purpose.
        
             | 542354234235 wrote:
             | I think you misunderstand the purpose of immersion. You
             | still have to dissipate and radiate the heat. You can't
             | just do it with "any approach" because air, as a medium,
             | cannot conduct as much heat. You will reach a maximum in
             | air long before you reach a max in mineral oil. But it
             | isn't magic. The heat has to go somewhere. That is why
             | liquid coolers have radiators and why air-cooled cases have
             | vents to the outside.
        
               | atmanactive wrote:
               | Yes, a stainless steel tank has thousand times more
               | surface to disipate the heat away than a bare CPU. Same
               | with 1-kilo heatsinks, like, for example, Noctua NH-P1
               | which I am using for passive air cooling today.
        
               | BenjiWiebe wrote:
               | And a radiator the size of the tank probably has another
               | 1000x better heat transfer than the tank.
        
           | 542354234235 wrote:
           | There was a project on reddit some years back where someone
           | did exactly that. They had all the pumps and radiators in
           | another room and ran the tubes through the wall, so it was an
           | absolute monster PC running totally silent. A quick googling
           | didn't turn it up so I don't know where to find it now.
        
             | tedunangst wrote:
             | LTT water cooled a whole room of workstations in a house
             | some years ago. Those were some fun videos, in a horrifying
             | sort of way. (And decided he wanted to do it again with his
             | new house.)
        
           | ChoGGi wrote:
           | There was a post last month? The guy who built a lan party
           | setup in his house. He used optical cables to reach the
           | desktops from the rack.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | If it was airtight and there were heat transfer problems, the
         | first thing I'd think is the pressure is probably below
         | atmospheric and the fluid is boiling (or cavitating the pump if
         | there is one). Say, if it was filled to the top while warm,
         | then sealed, the pressure would drop as the oil dropped to room
         | temperature and contracted (or not, depending on differential
         | rates of thermal expansion cf the container).
         | 
         | Some air space at the top of the sealed container (preferably
         | dry air or nitrogen) would fix that. Make sure there's a
         | pressure gauge and some means of preventing overpressure,
         | though.
        
           | 542354234235 wrote:
           | It sounds like they didn't circulate the fluid through
           | radiators and were just relying on natural convection to
           | circulate the fluid and the open tank allowed for heat from
           | the fluid to be dissipated into the air. So sealing it would
           | cause it to overheat immediately, same as if you saran
           | wrapped an air-cooled PC.
        
             | atmanactive wrote:
             | As a matter of fact it wouldn't overheat immediately but
             | some 15-20 hours later. Very strange. As soon as it wasn't
             | sealed, it would stop overheating and would transfer the
             | heat steadily for weeks. Keep in mind that the whole tank
             | was stainless steel with some 50 liters of oil inside,
             | hence the oil-to-air transfer was more than adequate.
        
               | 542354234235 wrote:
               | That makes sense, because it took 15-20 hours for all
               | that oil to become fully heated and reach its carrying
               | capacity. Your stainless steel tank and passive
               | conduction was obviously not adequate, or you wouldn't
               | have overheating problems. When it was unsealed, the air
               | convection across the top of the tank carried enough heat
               | that it wouldn't overheat. In another comment you say you
               | use a passive cooling Noctua heatsink. If you seal up
               | your PC with shrink wrap, your CPU will still overheat
               | due to the lack of that same air convection. In a sealed
               | system, you have to actively move liquid through
               | radiators. You can move as much heat as you want into a
               | heatsink, if there isn't a way to move heat quickly out
               | of the heatsink, then you aren't doing anything.
        
               | 542354234235 wrote:
               | Additionally: Sealing the tank would turn the airspace on
               | top into an insulator, much the same concept as a double
               | pane window. It would convert the entire top surface from
               | a primary way heat is moved out of the system, through
               | that convective circulation of room air, to a primary way
               | to trap heat in the system.
        
               | jojobas wrote:
               | Losing just the top surface would leave the steel sides
               | largely in place for oil-to-air heat transfer. I'd think,
               | given the odour problem, evaporation actually played a
               | role in his cooling.
        
           | atmanactive wrote:
           | > Make sure there's a pressure gauge and some means of
           | preventing overpressure, though.
           | 
           | Sure, if this was my data-center investment job. For home
           | use, I simply switched to passive air cooling.
        
         | 542354234235 wrote:
         | >when airtight, the whole thing looses it's thermal properties
         | and starts overheating again
         | 
         | Were you pumping the fluid through radiators? It doesn't really
         | sound like you were, which would be the obvious reason it would
         | overheat. You have to actually transfer and dissipate the heat.
         | What makes the immersion cooling so good is that it conducts
         | heat so much better than air, you can add giant radiators and
         | dissipate an ungodly amount of heat, so can run your equipment
         | ungodly fast. You can't just drop it into an aquarium of
         | mineral oil and expect it to do much.
        
       | ZiiS wrote:
       | More moden take https://immersion-cooling.thermaltake.com/
        
         | LorenDB wrote:
         | Wow, I had no idea you could get such a turnkey kit today! I
         | seriously doubt I'll ever have a need for an immersion-cooled
         | machine, but I will definitely dream of the cool setups that
         | could be built in this case.
        
         | bruce343434 wrote:
         | I really doubt that the fan motors in typical PC components,
         | designed to move air, were made to endure the relatively
         | extreme viscosity of oil.
        
           | ZiiS wrote:
           | At this point you are running thousands of dollars of
           | sensitive electronics outside their design and testing whilst
           | voiding your warrenty. Wearing out a few fans is probably
           | tolerable.
        
           | yellowapple wrote:
           | The authors of the article report that the fans ran just fine
           | in oil, contrary to that same assumption.
        
         | indrora wrote:
         | 3M has a whole paper [0] on their use of NOVEC for whole
         | datacenter cooling and had a really cool demo [1] of it a
         | decade ago
         | 
         | [0] https://multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/1838765O/3m-fluids-
         | for-d... [1] https://www.cablinginstall.com/data-
         | center/article/16477494/...
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | I used to have that tank.
       | 
       | Biowheel filtration is the only way to go.
        
       | chris_va wrote:
       | If you really want to have fun, use ln2 (and make sure you have a
       | well ventilated room, unless you want to asphyxiate).
        
       | hypercube33 wrote:
       | My buddy and I did this with a $1/ gallon fish tank, 8 gallons of
       | horse laxative (heavy mineral oil - real cheap way to buy it in
       | bulk) and a spare gaming pcs guts. it worked but wasn't impressed
       | after it heat saturates - you definitely need to cool the oil
       | after say 8 to 12 hours otherwise it probably is worse than air
       | cooling.
       | 
       | the other downside is you absolutely need to dishwasher anything
       | that was submerged and it makes one hell of a mess.
        
         | hadlock wrote:
         | We did this in the late 90s with an old 486 to see if it
         | actually worked. That's the earliest I recall seeing this. We
         | played doom on it. As you note, it created a giant mess and
         | pretty much immediately went in the trash as soon as we'd
         | proven it worked.
        
       | bitwize wrote:
       | Fluorinert was used as a coolant in some 80s/90s computers,
       | including one of the first SFF PCs, the Ergo Brick.
        
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