[HN Gopher] Why Northern England is poor
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Why Northern England is poor
        
       Author : paulpauper
       Score  : 85 points
       Date   : 2025-01-25 16:59 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (tomforth.co.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (tomforth.co.uk)
        
       | nickff wrote:
       | Interesting perspective, but it really seems like state capitals
       | just tend to siphon money from far away to invest nearby, and
       | consequently, grow. Selecting a major city as your capital seems
       | to accelerate the process, but even countries which select minor
       | towns as their capitals have had this happen.
        
         | James_K wrote:
         | The process is quite simple and fairly obvious. Government
         | policy is the bedrock of all economic development. Government
         | officials will always have the most knowledge about the
         | capital, so all policy is tailored to it. It's no surprise that
         | they don't make policies that benefit the North given that they
         | don't live there.
        
           | casenmgreen wrote:
           | Berlin is not like this, though.
           | 
           | If Berlin were removed from the map, Germany as a whole would
           | economically (loss of people, loss of income) be on average
           | better off.
           | 
           | If this is the mechanism, why is Berlin not doing better?
        
             | taffer wrote:
             | Germany is the only Western European country with an
             | Eastern European capital. As a result, Berlin was poorer
             | than the rest of the country, but this is no longer the
             | case. Since reunification, Berlin has had the fastest
             | growing economy in Germany and is now close to Hesse in
             | terms of GDP per capita.
        
               | wink wrote:
               | Berlin is odd... for several factors. Just looking at the
               | last 100 years, I fail to see any capital (that was not
               | directly a war zone) be: not capital, capital, divided,
               | part of 2 countries, an exclave...
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | how many generations from a city becoming the political
             | center does it take for the effect to be noticeable?
        
           | matt-p wrote:
           | What policy would benefit the north, without (even further)
           | subsidising it?
           | 
           | If we could invest PS10Bn and get PS20Bn back for the economy
           | with our money back over time then not a single politician
           | would turn that down, there's actually been a load of support
           | over the past ~5+ years for "levelling up" (AKA investment in
           | the north) but we've not invested much because the returns
           | are abysmal. Meanwhile there's a whole stack of projects with
           | good returns in london, but politically it's really difficult
           | to "give more money to london" so we don't really do them.
           | Bakerloo line extension and crossrail 2 for example.
           | 
           | The Elizabeth line, will over time pay for itself _entirely_
           | with fares alone, yet has also already added ~PS2.50 to the
           | economy for every PS1 spent.
           | 
           | This is a absolutely classic example of chicken and egg,
           | network effects and first mover advantage. There's perhaps a
           | case for being absolutely ruthless and just spending an
           | obscene amount of money on Manchester/Leeds/Liverpool. What
           | might it look like?
           | 
           | -No third runway for heathrow, instead BHX gets 2 more
           | runways (or MAN 1 more) and all the funding it needs to
           | become an international hub, including an reduction in APD
           | for 5 years or something. Central London in ~48Mins via HS2
           | is already committed and being built, frankly that's not that
           | much different to what it practically takes to get from a
           | random heathrow terminal to central.
           | 
           | -HS2 to Manchester AND Leeds (via the branch just above BHX),
           | that would connect BHX to those cities in <30 Mins or so and
           | to London much quicker.
           | 
           | -Trams for Leeds, maybe a metro for Manchester.
           | 
           | -Liverpool>Manchester>Leeds express line (which seems
           | committed).
           | 
           | -Enterprise zone covering all underdeveloped commercial areas
           | in Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester and Birmingham. Give rates,
           | or tax relief on businesses investing, or employing in the
           | zone, planning exemptions, easier permitting.
           | 
           | Anything short of an absolutely insane bet like this, just
           | isn't going to work. Chucking 1Bn to Leeds for them to buy
           | some trams just isn't going to have a transformative effect,
           | it might actually be a total waste because, in short, network
           | effects.
           | 
           | The North of England frequently runs a combined fiscal
           | deficit in the tens of billions, with all of that subsidy
           | coming, effectively, from London and the SE.
        
             | James_K wrote:
             | The reason for investing in the North is pretty simple:
             | people live there. We have three options: do something
             | productive with he area, do nothing and continue to pay for
             | its decline, or move all the people to London and let house
             | prices rise accordingly. What you said about first mover
             | advantage rings true here. We can either pick the most
             | developed city and devote resources elusively that area, or
             | we can accept a proportionally smaller economy spread out
             | across the whole country.
             | 
             | I also fail to see how London is subsidising these areas.
             | It seems to me that they'd be much better off if they were
             | able to run themselves. This is a classic case of
             | purposeful under-investment. You see it in business as
             | well. If someone wants to kill off a given project, they'll
             | deprive it of funding to he point it can't operate properly
             | then use the lack of profit generated as an excuse to axe
             | it. The issue we have is that we can't just axe the North.
             | 
             | There is also the issue of measuring productivity. You say
             | investments in London are more productive because they
             | generate more profit, but consider that an equal investment
             | in the North might have a much greater effect on the
             | quality of life for the people living there. Should we
             | measure investments by how much money they return or how
             | much they improve people's lives? I am reminded of
             | industrial strategy in the Soviet Union. They invested only
             | in the most "productive" (highest ROI under capitalism)
             | things such as heavy industry and very little in consumer
             | technologies that make people happier. The result was rapid
             | industrialisation which probably had the best effect in the
             | long run. The question is how long term are we thinking? At
             | some point, you've gotta start paying to make people happy
             | instead of just investing in the most profitable area.
        
               | matt-p wrote:
               | Good luck with the "but people live there, thier lives
               | can be improved who cares about a poor ROI" argument.
               | 
               | I mean that kind of genuinely, I see your point, but good
               | luck trying that argument on the treasury.
               | 
               | It's a fact that they're subsidised. They have regional
               | mayors, do you think a devolved solution for each
               | northern city is really reasonable or desirable? If we
               | think it's desirable and will stop them being subsidised
               | then why hasn't it worked for Scotland, Wales or NI? All
               | of which take more than they put it.
        
               | James_K wrote:
               | Luckily you don't need to convince the treasury, just the
               | electorate. And they are desperate for it. As you said,
               | Bojo's levelling up scheme was like electoral crack.
               | Perhaps some day we will achieve the level of democracy
               | where the government enacts policies which are
               | universally popular. Maybe it will happen soon if Reform
               | UK actually follows through on proportional
               | representation. Though it's a sorry state that those
               | racist cretins are our best shot. Though I don't know if
               | PR alone would be enough, we'd have to do something about
               | the media as well and they're pretty buddy-buddy with
               | Farage.
        
             | dambi0 wrote:
             | Interesting. If we look at the idea of subsides between
             | region, and we accept that this the right way of thinking
             | about it and assume it's factual and that simple. Then I
             | think one of the questions worth asking is effectively do
             | we want to try reduce that inequality or do we want to
             | perpetuate it. Neither is obviously right or wrong, but I
             | think that's the core question. If we are believe to the
             | idea in the article then we can see a reasonable case that
             | the disparity between the regions has been, if not
             | deliberate, than an obvious outcome of previous policy.
             | Which makes the argument that we shouldn't invest in the
             | regions requiring subsidy circular.
             | 
             | There are investments beyond transport that we could make.
             | Not all investments generate or should be judged against
             | short-term returns. That a 1B tram system in Leeds may be
             | less than effective does not mean we shouldn't invest at
             | all. I don't see why we need an insane bet rather than a
             | programme of improvement across the board.
        
               | matt-p wrote:
               | I think most people would agree that some imbalance is
               | natural, perhaps even good but the current level is bad.
               | 
               | Bad, that the only net positive part of the entire UK
               | comes from London and it's dependent, the SE.
               | 
               | It's clearly caused societal issues and apart from
               | everything else means we're putting all our eggs in one
               | basket. Transporting goods, energy and people into London
               | from all over the UK is clearly worse than if we spread
               | it around a bit.
        
             | stg22 wrote:
             | Historically, the UK was run for the benefit of an elite
             | and the regions they lived in, but they discovered that
             | that ran counter to their own interests. They reversed the
             | economic parts of that in Ireland in the 1890s ("Killing
             | Home Rule with Kindness"), and they did so in Northern
             | England after the Wall Street Crash. For example, for part
             | of the 20th century, companies were banned from expanding
             | anywhere outside of deprived regions which caused
             | industrial havoc in the South without providing much long-
             | term benefit to the North. The root problem isn't that
             | government didn't try extreme measure, it's that those
             | measures failed at massive cost, so proposed ones are now
             | subject to much more rigorous scrutiny.
             | 
             | Power in the UK is highly centralised in London, but that's
             | not necessarily bad for regional economic development, e.g.
             | the office ban mentioned above would not have been agreed
             | to by southern devolved regions and the redevelopment of
             | the former East Germany was driven by Bonn (former West
             | Germany's capital city). Competition in government also
             | isn't necessarily good for regional development and the
             | corn laws and free trade that the author credits to
             | Northern England's influence caused another famine in
             | Ireland in 1879. It's also worth noting the North East
             | England referendum of 2004, when London's project of
             | devolving power to the English regions was blocked because
             | Northern English voters overwhelmingly didn't want it.
             | 
             | British manufacturing suffered an unusually steep collapse
             | relative to other western countries in the late 20th
             | century that hit Northern England particularly hard, while
             | the benefits of the slightly later financial services boom
             | were inevitably focused on the country's financial centre
             | in the South. The manufacturing collapse was partially
             | driven by government policies, but not in the way generally
             | thought - for decades, pre-Thatcher governments had been
             | taking fairly regular extreme measures in response to
             | various crises (balance of payments deficits, unbalanced
             | regional development, oil shortages, strikes, etc.), that
             | made life much harder for businesses. But the collapse was
             | mainly driven by the fact that Britain in the second half
             | of the 20th century was mind-bogglingly bad at
             | manufacturing. I suspect that the failure of that entire
             | section of the British economy would be a better starting
             | point for an analysis of what went wrong in Northern
             | England.
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | Neither Albany, NY not Sacramento, CA feel like the centers
           | of their states.
        
             | marssaxman wrote:
             | Having spent my teen years in backwater Sacramento, I can
             | confirm that it did not feel much like the center of
             | anything.
             | 
             | Adding a few more examples to your list, neither Olympia
             | (WA), Salem (OR), nor Carson City (NV) are economic or
             | social centers of their respective states.
        
               | LexGray wrote:
               | This may stumble on a solution to the problem. London
               | combines government and financial centers. Axe parliament
               | and 10 Downing Street and rebuild government
               | infrastructure from scratch in some inland port where it
               | can drag influence north.
               | 
               | Sacramento may not be exciting, but it is self-sustaining
               | with fairly high property costs and a huge commuter
               | population. I think one of the things that makes
               | California successful is the government is in a boring
               | city with few distractions.
        
               | matt-p wrote:
               | Agree, chuck parliament and number 10 in a office
               | building in Leeds or something. It really would be
               | transformational, but will it happen? Not a hope in hell.
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | The US somehow avoids this, likely by putting state capitals
         | and the national capital into smaller cities. Hence NYC, SF,
         | Chicago, Dallas, Miami, Seattle, etc are all big urban
         | agglomerations, but are not the points that concentrate
         | _everything_ important in their respective areas.
        
         | WorkerBee28474 wrote:
         | I think there's truth to that, it seems like every state has 1
         | major city. Possibly not always the capital (e.g. Toronto vs
         | Ottawa, Albany vs NYC vs DC).
         | 
         | I've heard that the book Cities and the Wealth of Nations [0]
         | might talk about this more. I've been meaning to read it.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/your-book-review-cities-
         | and...
        
       | tetris11 wrote:
       | We also shifted largely into a service based economy, shutdown a
       | lot of mines and mills (for better or for worse) which were
       | primarily more north based.
       | 
       | More than 2/3rds of my graduating physics class went straight
       | into banking, as there was no relevant industry to pick them
       | up... and as someone with several postdoctoral degrees, yet no
       | house or meaningful assets... who could blame them for going into
       | banking in this large miserable sprawl of a city utterly devoted
       | to it?
        
         | graemep wrote:
         | Most developed economies have shifted to services. Its a
         | natural progression that results from higher productivity and
         | higher wages.
         | 
         | I think the big problem is too much reliance on on service
         | sector.
        
           | asplake wrote:
           | A natural progression and not necessarily a bad thing, but it
           | makes further productivity growth more difficult.
        
           | EarlKing wrote:
           | It's a consequence of companies outsourcing to countries
           | where they can get away with slave labor and a complete lack
           | of environmental regulation. There's nothing natural about
           | it.
        
             | Cumpiler69 wrote:
             | It's basically a modern form of economic colonialism
             | replacing the old style of colonialism with ships, guns and
             | slaves in chains.
             | 
             | The brutal hard work gets done off-shore for poor pay and
             | the spoils(profits) get shipped to the western finance
             | capitals of the world where people who put in little effort
             | get the cream.
             | 
             | It's still dependent on rich countries having historical
             | leverage (economic, political and especially military) over
             | the poor countries where the dirty manufacturing and hard
             | labor happens, rather than based on any meritocracy.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Or how trade made places rich... Well you always have the
               | buyer and seller. And less they get and more they pay
               | worse is it for them... Trade has value generation, but
               | also exploitation and extraction...
        
             | deltarholamda wrote:
             | Exactly this. Don't think of it as "moving to a service-
             | based economy", think of it as "outsourcing manufacturing
             | and resource extraction". They are two sides of the same
             | coin, but people tend to only look at the one shiny side.
             | 
             | Like any race to the bottom, it works great until you hit
             | the bottom. Only now you don't have any of the fundamental
             | industry, and you've lost all of the domain knowledge of
             | those industries. Short-term thinking is incredibly
             | seductive.
        
               | ANewFormation wrote:
               | It also creates this weird power imbalance. 'Advanced
               | economies' are supposed to be just that, yet 'developing
               | economies' cutting off their grain, steel and
               | manufacturing is a far bigger threat than an advanced
               | economy cutting off digital services, luxury goods, and
               | financial markets.
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | But "advanced" means "gone farther in a particular
               | direction", not "more powerful", "independent", or some
               | such. Mostly it's about giving the population more
               | comfort. Equally, staying on a sofa can give you more
               | comfort than hitting a gym, but it usually does not make
               | you stronger.
        
             | graemep wrote:
             | Its not that simple. The UK experts a lot of manufactured
             | goods to exactly those sorts of countries, and imports a
             | lot from the EU and the US.
             | 
             | What you say is true of cheap consumer goods, but remember
             | everything else. Even with some consumer goods, its pretty
             | even - the UK exports cars about as much as it imports (by
             | value, not numbers though).
             | https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/uk-trade-in-
             | numbers...
             | 
             | Its other big goods exports are things that are not that
             | visible to consumers.
        
               | EarlKing wrote:
               | Are you sure you want to get into everything else?
               | Because I could've sworn we just had a major controversy
               | with Vivek Ramaswamy running his mouth about the supposed
               | laziness of American workers to justify racial
               | discrimination against them through mass hiring of H1B
               | workers... a stance so obviously wrong it forced his exit
               | from the Trump administration. He certainly wasn't
               | referring to people employed producing "cheap consumer
               | goods", and there's nothing natural about the shift to
               | the use of H1B labor. Just to be clear, though: This
               | phenomenon is not unique to the United States.
               | Imperialists everywhere try to pit one people against
               | another to maintain power and extract maximum value for
               | minimum input. Just once I'd like the bourgeoisie-
               | adjacent to acknowledge political reality.
        
             | nine_k wrote:
             | OK, let it be not outsourcing to places with lower cost of
             | labor, but to machines. There are whole factories that are
             | operated by half-dozen people who mostly oversee its
             | interaction with other human-run systems, such as trucks.
             | 
             | It will still keep most population away from industrial
             | production. Same thing happened is agriculture a century
             | ago, when machines made 90% of agricultural workers
             | redundant, and huge farms are run by half-dozen people.
             | 
             | (Wait until AI will make a ton of service workers
             | redundant.)
        
               | EarlKing wrote:
               | OK, sounds good... hey, you're going to pay taxes on
               | those machines, right? Because no business operates in a
               | vacuum. Gotta pay for that military, police, and fire
               | that allow you to continue operating. Think of it as the
               | labor element of the manufacturing sector shifting to the
               | defense sector. It's natural. :D
        
         | Cumpiler69 wrote:
         | _> More than 2/3rds of my graduating physics class went
         | straight into banking_
         | 
         | How does one get hired into banking with a physics degree? For
         | what kinds of jobs? Where I live right now you only get into
         | banking with a economics/business degree. Anything else and
         | your resume goes in the bin.
        
           | jakey_bakey wrote:
           | Stem degrees are pretty high rated
        
             | Cumpiler69 wrote:
             | That's a vague answer that doesn't answer my specific
             | question. I also have a STEM degree (electrical
             | engineering) but would never be considered for finance
             | roles.
        
               | gostsamo wrote:
               | data. stem people can do math and data analysis.
        
               | jwiz wrote:
               | Physics math has high overlap with Finance math.
        
               | growse wrote:
               | I have a chemistry degree and an entire career doing
               | software / system engineering in financial services.
               | 
               | I've also hired a boatload of people with STEM degrees.
               | In fact (massive generalisation warning) I prefer hiring
               | them to those with computer science degrees.
        
           | i_don_t_know wrote:
           | I think banks / insurance companies are looking for solid
           | math skills. If you can learn / work with higher math for
           | physics, you can work with financial math.
        
           | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
           | A bank is a very diverse organism. There was a group at our
           | bank, they knew very little English and none of the
           | business/economy. Their task was to solve differential
           | equations, something physicists are trained to do.
        
           | hackandthink wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative_analysis_(finance.
           | ..
           | 
           | My experience: even when it comes to only implementing
           | financial products, banks prefer mathematicians/physicists as
           | software developers.
        
           | tomatocracy wrote:
           | I haven't been in banking for a while (I'm on the investment
           | side of finance now) but I have been in finance for 20 years
           | now. I'd say that at least in London, my experience is that a
           | majority have degrees which weren't economics/business -
           | sciences and (general) engineering degrees are very common,
           | and maths and comp sci aren't uncommon.
        
         | JanisErdmanis wrote:
         | > More than 2/3rds of my graduating physics class went straight
         | into banking
         | 
         | This does not seem to be a specific phenomenon. Only a few of
         | my former PhD condensed matter physics colleagues did not end
         | up in finance.
        
         | spacebanana7 wrote:
         | > More than 2/3rds of my graduating physics class went straight
         | into banking
         | 
         | This is why I advise people to never study physical sciences or
         | non-software engineering. There just aren't many jobs for it in
         | the UK. And even fewer that pay well.
        
           | bowsamic wrote:
           | I think another big difference is that in the UK higher
           | education is not really valued. In Germany people get PhDs
           | because then they can get into much higher paying jobs, even
           | if the PhD is not in a topic related much to the job. For
           | example because I have a physics PhD I was able to get an
           | entry level software dev position with a wage of 73k where
           | someone with a bachelors may get only 40-50k. I don't think
           | that dynamic exists in the UK
        
           | growse wrote:
           | The usefulness of that depends on whether you think academic
           | higher education is vocational ("I'm doing a chemistry degree
           | so that I can be a chemist") or inquisitive ("I'm doing a
           | chemistry degree because it's so heckin' interesting").
           | 
           | I'd tend to advise people to study stuff they find
           | interesting. I'd wager the percentage of degree holders doing
           | a job that's directly related to their degree is in the
           | minority, _and that 's not a bad thing_.
        
             | spacebanana7 wrote:
             | Inquisitive education is great for people who're
             | independently wealthy or academically exceptional.
             | 
             | But the average person takes a real risk of underemployment
             | with that approach.
             | 
             | A friend of mine with a degree in marine biology works as a
             | barista, another with a philosophy degree works as a retail
             | assistant.
        
           | MathMonkeyMan wrote:
           | I don't live in the UK, but here in the USA I studied Physics
           | and Music and then got a job programming. A lot of it was
           | dumb luck, but I want to emphasize that school is about
           | learning, not about vocational training. My experience in
           | programming was due to being a giant nerd, not school.
        
       | hackandthink wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hit_the_North
       | 
       | Always thought that Mark E. Smith would sing about it. I must
       | have been wrong according to Wikipedia.
        
       | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
       | Lot's of coal mining, used for steel production, used for boat
       | building ...
       | 
       | The high paying jobs are centered around London and the financial
       | industry (20% of UK GDP), although post-Brexit the whole country
       | is not doing well. Glad I left in the late 80's.
        
       | skrebbel wrote:
       | > Limited success such as in Manchester, whose economy has nearly
       | kept up with East German cities while the rest of North England
       | falls behind,
       | 
       | Woa is this a typo? I know little about England, and I hadn't
       | realized that "keeping up with East German cities" is considered
       | a success. I mean isn't East Germany rather well known for not
       | keeping up all that well with the rest of Germany either?
        
         | McDutchie wrote:
         | Yes. I think the author's point is that the standards are that
         | low up here in North England, and outside of Manchester it's
         | worse than in East Germany.
        
         | graemep wrote:
         | I think that means growth rates, not absolute wealth.
         | 
         | Not all of the north is poor. Cheshire is richer than outer
         | London or the home counties. If you adjust for the cost of
         | living more of the north would be.
         | 
         | North poor, south rich is very simplistic.
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_Unite...
        
         | dambi0 wrote:
         | I think it's a bit more subtle than that. For one the author
         | tells us they think this is an example of success story.
         | Although I guess it depends on when you are measuring from, and
         | they may be being somewhat tongue in cheek with their choice of
         | East Germany
         | 
         | I think the point is that we would expect East German cities to
         | have reasonable relative growth post-unification because we are
         | taking a relatively structurally deprived area within a wider
         | more successful economy.
         | 
         | That Manchester has kept up with areas where you'd expect to
         | see reasonable growth, is positive. I suppose there's also the
         | hint that this suggests that this has been allowed to happen by
         | central government, but I could be making that up.
        
       | vixen99 wrote:
       | Although not quite in the sense intended by the author, point 9
       | as of January 2025, is only too true. "Why Britain can't afford
       | to carry on as it is."
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | Saw the headline and thought "well, it won't give the real
       | reason: because London". But refreshingly, it does.
        
       | guerrilla wrote:
       | I'm sure Wales, Ireland and Scotland could have told you much the
       | same just speculating off the top of their heads. England has
       | always been a colonial project in one form or another, from day
       | one. In fact a lot of it is common knowledge at least among the
       | online left. One difference though: I think he under-emphasizes
       | the shutting down of the coal mines; or at least others have
       | historically emphasizes that more.
        
       | sjclemmy wrote:
       | I have never heard it referred to as North England. Northern
       | England or the North of England yes. As a reluctant "northerner"
       | it dunt sarnd reet.
        
         | shellac wrote:
         | Yes, a minor thing but concur that it is definitely peculiar.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Ok, we've erned it in the title above. Thanks!
        
       | jdietrich wrote:
       | I think there's a fundamental gap in this analysis, which is how
       | hyper-local many of the inequalities are.
       | 
       | Manchester has a GDP per capita of PS59,000. Tameside, the
       | poorest area in Greater Manchester, has a GDP per capita of
       | PS19,000. Leeds has a GDP per capita of PS42k; ten miles away,
       | Bradford has a GDP per capita of PS23.6k.
       | 
       | Those disparities are really difficult to explain in terms of
       | infrastructure or commercial investment. Similar disparities
       | exist within London, although for plausibly different reasons;
       | compare Lewisham with the neighbouring Southwark, Camden with
       | Haringey, or that one bit of Tower Hamlets with the rest of Tower
       | Hamlets.
       | 
       | I think we need to be looking much more granularly at the gaps
       | between neighbouring areas, schools and families - the human
       | capital factors that trap people in lives of poverty. Building a
       | university or innovation hub in Knowsley probably won't do much
       | for the huge numbers of kids there who leave school unable to
       | read and write.
       | 
       | https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/bulle...
        
         | matt-p wrote:
         | To a certain extent, would making the productive parts of
         | manchester, even just 2X more productive not fix this over time
         | in the same way that it has in London?
         | 
         | If you look back even say 30 years ago in London, you'd of said
         | the same thing about places like Hackney, as you do now about
         | Tameside. Today it houses some of the most desired and valuable
         | real estate not only in London, and by extension the UK, but in
         | the world.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | Simply displacing a population can make an area more wealthy
           | but it does little for the overall population.
           | 
           | So, I don't think we care about land here but rather people.
        
             | threatofrain wrote:
             | > but it does little for the overall population.
             | 
             | Not sure about that.
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | > _30 years ago in London, you 'd of said the same thing
           | about places like Hackney...[and] today it houses some of the
           | most desired and valuable real estate_
           | 
           | are you saying that gentrification of Hackney did not simply
           | entail wealthier people moving in and displacing the local
           | population, but rather soaring incomes for the people who
           | lived there?
        
             | matt-p wrote:
             | Emphasis on 'to a certain extent' :)
             | 
             | Educational outcomes need to be improved yesterday, no
             | disagreement on that.
             | 
             | There's some displacement, yes. However anyone who isn't in
             | privately rented accommodation would be _choosing_ to
             | leave, perhaps even with some decent money from selling
             | their house.
             | 
             | Many people stay, if you'd like proof, take a walk down to
             | hackney.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | A "gentrified" community will involve higher incomes for
             | those non-tradable services that have to be provided
             | locally and can't simply be outsourced to somewhere else.
             | So it's both.
             | 
             | (This is in addition to the high productivity that's
             | driving the gentrification in the first place, which will
             | often result in increased opportunity in that very sector -
             | but that's not always very relevant, especially in the
             | short term.)
        
           | kjellsbells wrote:
           | One could argue that the money flowing into Hackney was
           | largely from the London media/finance elite who probably were
           | made 2X more productive by IT and City deregulation. The
           | result was Hackney's gentrification.
           | 
           | But gentrification, is not the same as a community leveling
           | up. The former provides an influx of new residents with money
           | to spend in the community. The latter creates new
           | opportunities for the existing residents within the
           | community.
        
         | ceuk wrote:
         | 100%
         | 
         | I live down the road from OP in Harrogate and it's an
         | incredibly desirable and affluent place
         | 
         | Also while I'm commenting. I know OP isn't saying the North is
         | shit. Just poor(ish).
         | 
         | Nevertheless I just want to say I love the north of England and
         | genuinely think it's one of the best places in the world. We've
         | already established that I'm in one of the better areas so my
         | perspective might be a little skewed, but I honestly think it's
         | an incredible place and I hope this doesn't put people off
         | visiting.
        
           | pastureofplenty wrote:
           | You guys certainly have some of the nicest accents in the
           | Anglosphere, imo.
        
           | incompatible wrote:
           | Poor vs shit is an interesting discussion. If your life, your
           | environment, isn't shit, why would you even care if are poor?
           | Would you rather be rich and unhappy? (I spend very little,
           | yet I don't feel deprived.)
        
           | zipy124 wrote:
           | Also from the Harrogate area, but moved to London for uni and
           | haven't made it back yet. Whilst Harrogate is very nice and
           | affluent, I'd say the biggest difference isn't the personal
           | wealth but the council wealth. There's far far far more
           | wealth in the south and I've honestly been amazed at just how
           | big the gap is, especially noticeable in infrastructure and
           | services like roads and schools. Even the schools in poor
           | areas of London are better than the local Harrogate schools.
           | Just look at Yorks council funding (now merged with
           | Harrogate) which has the lowest funding per capita in the UK.
           | 
           | Despite this tho I'd much rather live in Harrogate and enjoy
           | the countryside than London tbh, plus people are less
           | miserable there...
        
       | tomcam wrote:
       | Mentions the Norman conquest but not immigration
        
         | matt-p wrote:
         | Plenty of criticisms of mass immigration, but it can hardly be
         | blamed for this, that's insane.
        
         | butterknife wrote:
         | Whistling here or do you actually mean the overwhelmingly
         | higher proportion of immigrants in South East compared to
         | North?
        
       | walthamstow wrote:
       | The brain drain from northern England to London is massive.
       | 
       | There are four high income tech/finance/media households on my
       | culdesac in east London, thankfully including my own. Of the
       | eight adults, I am from London but the other seven are from the
       | midlands or north of England.
        
       | drunkensailors wrote:
       | OT: but it seem that something in time'd change: (reads)
       | https://www.thevintagenews.com/2020/07/01/london-beer-flood/
       | 
       | ...and now a "barrel" has more than a thousand hectolitres...?
       | 
       | hint: read //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomsbury
        
       | spacebanana7 wrote:
       | The very success of Northern England in the nineteenth century
       | may have also precipitated a great deal of its subsequent
       | failures.
       | 
       | The rail, coal and manufacturing industries crowded out other
       | forms of enterprise economically. The related union / capitalist
       | disputes crowded out other political activity.
       | 
       | Similarly the great agricultural "successes" of the Scottish
       | Highlands in the 17th & 18th century crowded out everything else,
       | leaving it something of a backwater ever since.
       | 
       | Perhaps something similar will happen to London when the time of
       | finance comes to an end? Then finally the South West will take
       | its turn being the heart of the British economy.
        
         | devnullbrain wrote:
         | We'll have the same thing for the whole country when the time
         | of housing investment comes to an end. Why start a business
         | when you could just buy another house?
        
       | retrac98 wrote:
       | Sort of an aside from the article, but I never feel like these
       | geographic averages translate well to densely populated countries
       | like England.
       | 
       | The North, like all parts of the country, has pockets of extreme
       | affluence near areas of relative poverty, with a lot of middle
       | income households scattered about the place too.
       | 
       | Talking to some southerners you'd think the whole of the North
       | was a dump, and I worry people write off a truly beautiful part
       | of the UK because of this misconception.
        
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