[HN Gopher] Urban legend: I think there is a world market for ma...
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       Urban legend: I think there is a world market for maybe five
       computers
        
       Author : bschne
       Score  : 80 points
       Date   : 2025-01-22 12:12 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (geekhistory.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (geekhistory.com)
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | "is", not "will only ever be"
        
         | TheCoelacanth wrote:
         | The worldwide part is also made up. He wasn't talking about the
         | entire world market, just the companies they tried to sell to
         | on one specific marketing campaign.
        
       | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
       | Leading contender for actual quote:                    "... we
       | expected to get orders for five [IBM 701] machines, we came home
       | with orders for 18."
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Out of the 20 potential customers they pitched to.
         | 
         | So they were counting on a 25% success rate and got 90%.
        
           | thmsths wrote:
           | I wonder if it caused any issues. Getting 3 times the amount
           | of orders can be great, but it can also be pyrrhic victory,
           | depending on your ability to deliver.
        
             | t0mas88 wrote:
             | With this order size there is no public pricing
             | information. So if you can't deliver fast enough you would
             | adjust prices or specifically charge more for the first few
             | delivery slots.
             | 
             | Compare it to ordering very high price items with long lead
             | time like airliners, you pay for a specific delivery slot,
             | not just the item at a random moment. And you can buy
             | options to more deliveries in a specific timeframe, which
             | influences the price of your order.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | At the time (if TFA is correct) the 701 had already existed
             | for a year. So it was only a question of building more of
             | them, not that they had sold 5 vs 18 of something that
             | didn't exist yet. But, they were also most likely on the
             | hook for installing and running them -- at that time a
             | computer like that would have been leased with installation
             | services and on-site operations staff included.
        
             | moralestapia wrote:
             | No, it did not cause any issues.
        
             | bityard wrote:
             | From a salescritter's perspective, that is frankly not
             | their problem.
        
       | ecshafer wrote:
       | I haven't thought about this much before, but I think it must be
       | a myth. Going from the
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_IBM wiki on the history
       | of Wikipedia, there were "Computing machines" in the 30s
       | referring to their calculators and tabulating machines. IBM was
       | already selling more than 5 of these devices, so if the 1943 date
       | was true, it makes no sense. So it referring to a single machine
       | having a market of 5 devices, that might be true.
        
         | potato3732842 wrote:
         | Yeah, there were so many specialist analog computing machines
         | out there in the 1940s and earlier that the pop culture
         | interpretation of the quote as being "for all digital computers
         | of all types the world over" just doesn't pass the sniff test.
        
       | Analemma_ wrote:
       | People really love apocryphal quotes that portray famous or
       | disliked figures as morons. Bill Gates never said "640k ought to
       | be enough for anybody" either, yet that circulates to this day.
        
         | ciberado wrote:
         | On the other hand, sometimes se non e vero, e ben trovato. We
         | need stories. Models. The Gandhi we know was not the real one,
         | same for Churchill or any other person, and the same thing
         | happens with some villains. My personal point of view is that
         | apocryphal quotes are just an extension of that mechanism, and
         | can be useful in the construction of our thoughts.
        
           | shermantanktop wrote:
           | Sure, but the formula is so clunky. Just take:
           | 
           | A) a person famous for their brilliance or other quality
           | 
           | B) a humdrum everyday failing experienced by regular people,
           | such as hubris, poor ability to predict the future, problems
           | in school, difficulty in relationships, etc.
           | 
           | Mix them together and you get "Einstein flunked math in
           | primary school" and Freud saying "who knows what women want"
           | and other stuff.
           | 
           | I'm all for stories, but these aren't very good ones.
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | Today, 4 GiB, which was enough to run an entire university back
         | in the 90s, is what the most rinky-dink Wal-Mart special
         | laptops come with and Windows barely runs at all on that much.
         | 
         | If Bill Gates _had_ said  "640k ought to be enough for
         | everybody", _at the time_ he could hardly be blamed for doing
         | so, as single-user desktop machines of the day still typically
         | shipped with 1 /10 or 1/5 that much.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | Even if Gates never said it, someone involved in the design of
         | DOS decided that 640k would be the demarcation between normal
         | memory and "reserved".
         | 
         | So somebody, somewhere, decided that 640k was "good enough" vs
         | 700k or whatever.
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | It was decided by IBM for the IBM PC. The 8088 CPU had 1 MB
           | of addressable memory, and some of it had to be reserved for
           | the BIOS ROM, video hardware, and other expansion cards. So
           | the exact limit was a trade-off between application RAM and
           | hardware expansions. You could also phrase it as "384 KB is
           | enough for BIOS and expansion cards".
           | 
           | Moreover, 640K is kind of a natural division point in
           | hexadecimal notation. Address segments in the 8088 memory
           | model were 64K, hence segments 00000-90000 were for RAM, and
           | segments A0000-F0000 were for ROM and hardware.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | There were so many gymnastics to get a bit more memory to
             | work with. Multiple autoexec.bat and config.sys files for
             | many games and the like.
        
               | netRebel wrote:
               | Exactly that got me into my current career. I, too,
               | juggled drivers as a kid to get Wing Commander/Doom etc.
               | to actually start.
        
           | bitwize wrote:
           | More like someone at IBM. The memory map mapped BIOS, video,
           | and PCjr cartridge memory into the upper memory area. Other
           | contemporaneous, non-IBM-compatible x86 systems of the era
           | could relax this restriction. The Tandy 2000 loaded its BIOS
           | from disk (instead of having it in ROM) and ran MS-DOS
           | (indeed, its BIOS API was IBM-compatible even though hardware
           | wise it was not), and could access up to 768K of user memory
           | flat out (896K with aftermarket expansions). This briefly
           | gave it an advantage handling large spreadsheets and the
           | like.
        
           | wrs wrote:
           | This happens all the time. Early MacOS put flags in the upper
           | byte of heap pointers, because somebody thought "16MB is
           | enough for anybody". Physical address extensions had to be
           | added to 32-bit Intel because 4GB turned out to not be
           | "enough for anybody". Now "64-bit" processors today have
           | 48-bit physical address spaces (or less), but we'll see...
        
         | mywittyname wrote:
         | And they never pass the smell test.
         | 
         | Clearly the Chairman of IBM in the 50s doesn't believe they
         | will only ever sell 5 computers. What would be the point in
         | investing all of those resources into building anything with
         | that sort of limit?
         | 
         | It's obvious to anyone who understands business and takes a few
         | seconds to consider the quote that he's likely talking about a
         | specific product that is currently priced out of the market.
         | The 5 in that statement is probably sourced from looking at
         | their current clients and seeing A) who could afford such a
         | machine and B) for which of those clients does buying the 701
         | make clear economic sense? The 20 companies they pitched to
         | probably fell into category A, but they just miscalculated how
         | many of those fell into category B.
         | 
         | The goal was to drive down costs through economies of scale.
        
         | nonrandomstring wrote:
         | Having a single person to identify with an idea via a quote or
         | famous formula is a very human kind of shorthand we love.
         | People still say "Edison invented the light bulb", even though
         | we know that's not strictly true at all.
         | 
         | People love revisionism in general. Equally we like it when
         | doubt is cast on revered icons to take them down a peg. Or when
         | grand villains and "found to be not as wicked as we once
         | thought". We love treasured theories being overturned. We live
         | in an age on the last frontier of truth, where any
         | controversial claim that throws mud on a cherished belief is
         | popular, just for it's iconoclasm.
         | 
         | Meanwhile I think smart people say "I don't care if it's
         | actually true or not." Did Jesus or Plato or Cicero or
         | Machiavelli _actually_ say that? Who cares? It doesn 't matter.
         | If it's a good story that makes a clear point or illustrates an
         | idea, then it's useful. So long as it's not something deeply
         | offensive or unfair to attribute, whether Watson actually said
         | it is irrelevant. It speaks to a more abstract truth about
         | scale and underestimates. It's the kind of fallible thing he
         | would have said... might have said.... maybe should have said!
         | As a famous businessman Watson would no doubt be proud to own
         | that and have it associated with his name, even if slightly
         | erroneously.
        
         | rqtwteye wrote:
         | A lot of Einstein quotes are either misquoted and/or not by
         | him. Same for Churchill.
         | 
         | Even the current news likes to pick quotes out of context.
         | Trump says a lot of dumb things but often when I hear the full
         | context of something people are mad about, he didn't say that.
         | I am sure the right wingers do the same.
        
           | schoen wrote:
           | See also https://fakebuddhaquotes.com/ ("I Can't Believe It's
           | Not Buddha!"). A huge genre!
        
           | fuzztester wrote:
           | the quote about Einstein, relativity and his driver is very
           | cool.
           | 
           | this is one link for it, there are others:
           | 
           | https://www.electronicsweekly.com/blogs/mannerisms/yarns/836.
           | ..
        
           | hatthew wrote:
           | As Abraham Lincoln once said, "Don't believe everything you
           | read on the internet."
        
       | bitwize wrote:
       | As I understand it... one of the reasons why the Soviets fell
       | behind in computer technology was because back in the 60s, while
       | Soviet engineers had good designs that were state-of-the-art for
       | the era, the communist economic planners estimated the
       | requirements for computer manufacture to be one per university or
       | government department for a total of maybe a few thousand, while
       | Western manufacturers were getting orders into the tens or
       | hundreds of thousands... and they had to come up with new
       | technologies to produce the machines faster and cheaper in order
       | to keep up, let alone compete with other manufacturers. So the
       | market in the west grew explosively, requiring concomitant growth
       | in innovation, and that put the Soviets on the back foot,
       | requiring them to smuggle in and reverse engineer System/370s,
       | PDPs, etc. in order to stay current.
        
         | logicalfails wrote:
         | Any good books or sources on this? I would be interested to
         | read more
        
           | bschne wrote:
           | +1, wasn't aware of this, curious to learn more
        
         | InvisibleUp wrote:
         | It also didn't help matters that Stalin was greatly opposed to
         | cybernetics, resulting in no research done on the topic until
         | 1954, the year after he died. And even then, things didn't
         | really kick off until 1958.
        
         | vegabook wrote:
         | See: intel / iphone
        
       | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
       | I can't imagine _any_ salesperson making a statement like that!
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Sometimes they will - when they are predicting who might buy
         | and thus how much they need to make to hit their numbers. No
         | salesman want to have unmeetable sales goals.
         | 
         | still rare though.
        
       | tbrownaw wrote:
       | It may be apocryphal, but it's not all that wrong.
       | 
       | Those "about five" computers even have names: AWS, Azure, GCP,
       | ...
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | Sun's CTO repurposed the quote to make exactly that point in
         | the 2000s, likely before any of those existed. It's very much
         | an oversimplification but if you squint it's not totally wrong
         | either.
        
           | lysace wrote:
           | Sounds like something Jonathan Schwartz (the ponytailed COO @
           | Sun at the time, I believe) could have said, did you mean
           | him?
           | 
           | His blog was strangely addictive at the time. Great writer.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | No, I'm sure it was Greg though I don't think you can get
             | to the Sun blogs any longer. But that's not to say that
             | Jonathan didn't reuse the line himself. (I was an IT
             | industry analyst at the time--and am again.)
             | 
             | Ah, but here's a reference to it:
             | https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/the-world-needs-
             | only...
             | 
             | I'm guessing it was when Sun started talking up Sun Grid
             | though that part I'm not sure of but the timeframe of
             | Stephen's article pretty much matches.
        
               | lysace wrote:
               | Ah!
               | 
               | Oh, Stephen Shankland. He did a number of high quality
               | reviews of this software product I was the tech lead on;
               | about 10-15 years ago.
               | 
               | High quality software reviews were rare already back
               | then.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I know Stephen very well. He's a good guy. He's leading
               | content for Commonwealth Fusion Systems these days.
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | There's a name I've not heard for a while.
               | 
               | Apparently left CNET last year:
               | 
               | <https://talkingbiznews.com/media-news/shankland-departs-
               | cnet...>
        
           | tw04 wrote:
           | I believe his was actually: the network is the computer.
           | 
           | And he was right, he just didn't anticipate greedy US ISPs
           | would set progress back 2 decades.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Oh, please. Pray tell, inform us about how ISPs held back
             | progress for 2 decades. Good broadband access could perhaps
             | have come earlier and cheaper but it basically came soon
             | enough once web-based services were available. I'm not
             | going to argue that US ISPs are universally great but
             | saying that they held back progress by "2 decades" is
             | pretty much ignorant. Especially given that Sun was
             | presumably mostly talking about the context of business
             | computing at the time.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | 1994: a UWashington CS PhD student quits their PhD and
               | goes to help @home (IP-over-cable) get started, on the
               | basis that they would provide symmetric up/down bandwidth
               | at full capacity.
               | 
               | How long was it until this became a reality?
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | You _could_ go back a couple of decades earlier (1960s--
               | 1980s) and point at AT &T who specifically prohibited
               | third-party devices on their network (answering machines
               | and even neck-rests or phone-book covers were among the
               | prohibited items),[1] and had flatly rejected packet-
               | switched routing as an obvious threat to their
               | monopoly.[2]
               | 
               | Unix itself (and Linux, Android, and MacOS) wouldn't have
               | existed save for a 1954 consent decree which prohibited
               | AT&T from entering the software business.[3] When the
               | company found itself with an accidental operating system
               | the only thing they _could_ do was give it away for free.
               | "From Ken with love".[4]
               | 
               | ________________________________
               | 
               | Notes:
               | 
               | 1. Partially supported here:
               | <https://www.promarket.org/2023/02/20/when-considering-
               | breaki...>. Phone book covers was AT&T v. Winback &
               | Conserve Program, Inc. Hush-a-Phone was an earlier case
               | in 1956 involving a cup-like device, physical only, with
               | no electrical or electronic components:
               | <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hush-A-
               | Phone_Corp._v._United_S...>.
               | 
               | 2. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_Wars#Early_com
               | puter_n...>
               | 
               | 3. <https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/07/should-
               | we-thank-...>
               | <https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pol.20190086>
               | and <https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/pol.2019
               | 0086> (PDF)
               | 
               | 4. <https://sanctum.geek.nz/presentations/a-brief-
               | history-of-uni...>
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I _could_ go back into the history of the
               | telecommunications monopoly in the US but that hardly
               | seems relevant to the modern Internet.
        
       | js98 wrote:
       | This website is unreadable on mobile.
        
       | thayne wrote:
       | > Some people question how much of the internet is a place that
       | documents history, and how much of the internet is a place that
       | writes and recreates history.
       | 
       | So, basically the same as things written before the internet
       | existed. It's not like people didn't write down myths and legends
       | on paper, or stone tablets for that matter.
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | > It's not like people didn't write down myths and legends on
         | paper, or stone tablets for that matter.
         | 
         | Across broad swathes of the planet (i.e. all of the Americas),
         | they did not (until very very recently in the overall scheme of
         | human history)
        
       | unyttigfjelltol wrote:
       | IBM confirmed they went into a sales cycle in 1953 expecting to
       | sell five units of their first machine, the IBM 701 Electronic
       | Data Processing Machine. We don't know precisely how or to whom
       | this estimate of five units was conveyed beforehand, but the gist
       | of the statement appears likely.
        
       | metalman wrote:
       | The way things are going this might be an over estimate, what
       | with the possibility of a space based completely stable billion
       | cubit QPU's, beaming all out data around with lasers, 3 might do
       | it.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | _" Don't believe everything you read on the Internet." -George
       | Washington_
        
       | PeterStuer wrote:
       | A litle bit more cloud consolidation and you could argue we're
       | nearly there.
        
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