[HN Gopher] The importance of favicons in website OSINT research
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       The importance of favicons in website OSINT research
        
       Author : osintme
       Score  : 74 points
       Date   : 2025-01-20 23:13 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.osintme.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.osintme.com)
        
       | seethishat wrote:
       | This is a pretty neat idea. I like it. However, the inaccuracy of
       | IP geolocation services causes some Amazon AWS IPv6 addresses to
       | appear to be located outside the US when they are not.
       | 
       | I continue to believe that half (or more) of all security
       | reports/warnings are false positives due to inaccuracies such as
       | this.
        
       | soheil wrote:
       | Why would anyone think favicons are worth writing a pseudo-
       | security article about.
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | It's not the icon, it's the hash value. If it doesn't match a
         | known hash, you have an imposter. Full stop.
        
           | praash wrote:
           | No - the point is to quickly detect random websites that
           | simply duplicate known favicons! Matching hashes can only
           | occur in these cases:
           | 
           | - the site is a careless impostor
           | 
           | - the site is the real deal
           | 
           | - a hash collision
        
             | 1970-01-01 wrote:
             | We agree here. The point is to detect imposters via
             | favicon. Case 1 is easy, simple, and a legitimate concern.
             | Case 2 is the inverse of case 1. A host is misconfigured or
             | something. Much harder to detect, but no more important.
             | Case 3 should not exist.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > Case 3 should not exist.
               | 
               | Case 3 must exist by the pigeonhole principle given that
               | the hashes are smaller than most favicons. Otoh, if it
               | does show up, you can exclude it by doing a full
               | comparison.
        
               | HeatrayEnjoyer wrote:
               | If it does show up you go play the lottery where the odds
               | are far less long.
        
           | likeabatterycar wrote:
           | If that was true, we could finally abandon PKI and just use
           | favicons...
        
             | 1970-01-01 wrote:
             | Marry the favicon sha256 hash with a list of hostnames and
             | put the values into trusted database..
        
           | gs17 wrote:
           | The "practical example" in the article is the exact opposite
           | of that, it searches for the hash of a known favicon and
           | filters to sites that shouldn't match it but do. It would
           | require a particularly incompetent attacker (or a very
           | contrived case) to not match the favicon of a public website.
        
         | nunobrito wrote:
         | Quite a mediocre article. Suspicious that it got upvoted but
         | the person posting it doesn't seem to have done with malicious
         | intent.
         | 
         | So, just a waste of time for anyone hoping to see an exploit
         | based on favicons.
        
           | grajaganDev wrote:
           | OSINT is not about exploits.
           | 
           | Favicons are very useful for spotting phishing sites and
           | finding forgotten servers.
        
         | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
         | This is mostly showing IoT devices that are exposed to the
         | internet.
        
         | maxmorlocke wrote:
         | We review the web presence of a business as our core product
         | offering for payment processors, etc. as they look to onboard
         | ecomm merchants. This (and techniques like it) make a great way
         | to find scummy actors and have a proveable piece of evidence as
         | opposed to a 'yea, this looks off' or 'this doesn't fit the
         | profile of what an established business looks like'. We
         | leverage a lot of subtle signals like this.
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | Not just websites, but anything hosting a favicon. I've used
       | runZero to find vulnerable internal assets that companies swore
       | were no longer an issue.
        
         | grajaganDev wrote:
         | Yes, Shodan searches for favicon hashes are a great way to find
         | forgotten and vulnerable assests.
        
       | achillean wrote:
       | We released a tool to calculate the favicon hash called
       | "favscan": https://blog.shodan.io/deep-dive-http-favicon/
       | 
       | And here's a map of favicons that Shodan has seen across the
       | Internet: https://faviconmap.shodan.io/
        
         | lexicality wrote:
         | I opened the map and immediately saw the (not very big) erect
         | penis in the top right. The curse of having a dirty mind...
        
       | LordDragonfang wrote:
       | I'm coming to the realization that I don't really understand what
       | OSINT is or is not. ("Open Source Intelligence", obviously, but
       | beyond that)
       | 
       | The first time I encountered it was in the context of civilians
       | collecting actionable military intel in the Russia-Ukraine
       | conflict by trolling social media. But now I see people talking
       | about it like it's a career, and see what I would have standard
       | IT security posted under it.
       | 
       | Do people just use it to refer to any sort of civilian
       | information gathering these days? Has IT security just rebranded
       | as OSINT?
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | I'd say it's collecting intelligence-worthy data from publicly
         | available sources. That is, connecting the dots that everyone
         | could connect, were they able to notice them. It does not
         | involve anything but sifting peacefully through public sources.
         | 
         | This is opposed to acquiring data by other means, like breaking
         | into protected systems, stealing classified materials, planting
         | moles, extortion and blackmailing, etc.
        
       | jakub_g wrote:
       | Reminds me of Google Safe Browsing capturing color profiles of
       | websites and matching against known phishing websites:
       | 
       | https://blog.chromium.org/2021/07/m92-faster-and-more-effici...
        
       | econ wrote:
       | I imagine downscaling and reducing the number of colors in steps
       | could gradually increase the false positives. You would have to
       | noticably change the icon to avoid it.
        
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       (page generated 2025-01-24 23:01 UTC)