[HN Gopher] The Most Detailed Map of US Waters That You've Ever ...
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       The Most Detailed Map of US Waters That You've Ever Seen (2023)
        
       Author : surprisetalk
       Score  : 169 points
       Date   : 2025-01-19 16:25 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.esri.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.esri.com)
        
       | codingdave wrote:
       | The detail is impressive - it even has the little 12" wide, 6"
       | deep creek that runs through my property and the neighbors
       | seasonal puddle/not-even-a-pond that forms in his field after
       | heavy rains.
        
         | eppp wrote:
         | It also has a lot of features that dont exist and is missing
         | several that do.
         | 
         | Pretty strange. It misses a pond that is completely obvious on
         | the lidar elevation map.
        
         | erikerikson wrote:
         | I can confirm the peer message. It is missing much more
         | significant water features (ponds/streams/marshes) on land I am
         | intimately familiar with.
        
           | lupusreal wrote:
           | I've been looking around creeks in my neighborhood and this
           | layer is substantially less accurate than the base layer it's
           | displaying on top of.. Not sure what's going on with this
           | data.
        
       | rgrieselhuber wrote:
       | " Water plays a central role in all our lives."
       | 
       | You don't say.
        
       | yuppiepuppie wrote:
       | I'd be interested to know how they gathered all that data. Given
       | the very detailed ponds and streams that may seem invisible to
       | our daily lives, did they really send someone out there to survey
       | all of it? Or is this via satellite imagery or something similar?
        
         | maxerickson wrote:
         | It's derived from LIDAR scans.
         | 
         | https://www.usgs.gov/ngp-standards-and-specifications/elevat...
         | 
         | I'm not sure it's their best product for elevation anymore, but
         | USGS also publishes 3dep, which is a unified layer of the best
         | available elevation data for the US.
        
         | qwertyuiop_ wrote:
         | It's all those "ufos" with clearly marked FAA mandated
         | navigation lights.
        
         | driggs wrote:
         | From high resolution Digital Elevation Models. They first
         | compute the flow direction from every pixel; from flow
         | direction, the compute flow accumulation at every pixel. They
         | then filter based on some threshold for catchment area, and
         | vectorize the flow paths.
         | 
         | The USGS NHD+ Users Guide includes a very detailed description
         | of the technical process:
         | 
         | https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20191096
        
           | SpicyUme wrote:
           | Weird, just spot checking a few places I know relatively well
           | I see a few issues that seem like they would show up from
           | that method. I wonder if there are issue in build up
           | environments? Unfortunately that link is down for me.
           | 
           | A collection of streams go uphill in this map where in
           | reality I believe they flow into an underground pipe or
           | something that drains into the lake in a different place. I
           | wouldn't expect the underground section to be perfect, but
           | the hill the streams ascend is ~50 feet.
           | 
           | In another place two ponds are not shown, maybe due to dense
           | tree cover? I believe both have water year round, but one was
           | fenced off after a kid drowned and the owners may have filled
           | part of it in.
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | While these particular maps may be from scans, the government
         | really does send people into every little field for this type
         | of thing. Between geological surveys and defense planning, I
         | don't there is an acre of land anywhere in the US that hasn't
         | welcomed a government surveyor at some point.
        
         | thesuitonym wrote:
         | https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/sci...
        
       | ghaff wrote:
       | Relatively less detail I'm sure but Raven Maps has a beautiful
       | large laminated wall map of landforms and drainage in the
       | continental US.
       | 
       | https://www.ravenmaps.com/48state-drainage-landform.html
        
         | Mistletoe wrote:
         | That's really beautiful.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | It really is. I just had to get everything taken off my walls
           | (and the house basically emptied) because of smoke damage
           | remediation. A large framed map of Boston Harbor had its
           | glass broken. I may just replace it with this which is
           | probably more interesting as I put things back together.
        
       | adamtaylor_13 wrote:
       | Trying to scroll anywhere on the map crashes the website on iOS.
       | Not sure what that's about.
        
         | UltraSane wrote:
         | It is downloading a MASSIVE amount of data. Good stress test
         | for browsers.
        
           | MichaelZuo wrote:
           | How can that be the case when e.g. chrome can handle opening
           | multi-GB PDFs?
        
             | mfro wrote:
             | It appears to be streaming the data in and out to reduce
             | ram load. On my desktop it was very laggy and had no detail
             | for 2-4 mins and from then on I can zoom into any area and
             | wait a few secs for the data to overlay. GPU usage is very
             | high while rendering.
        
       | danesparza wrote:
       | Not bad. Areas like Tucson, AZ are deceptive however.
       | 
       | The Santa Cruz "river" typically doesn't have any water in it.
       | :-)
        
         | labster wrote:
         | The deception works well though. Some German POWs got a map of
         | Arizona and tried to escape by rafting down the Gila River.
         | Naturally all escapees were found in less than a week.
        
       | SirMaster wrote:
       | Doesn't some of this change throughout the year? Like some rivers
       | only run at certain times the year. If so when is this data from?
        
         | mfro wrote:
         | There are differences in representation for the mean annual
         | flow of each waterway. Read the article.
        
       | lupusreal wrote:
       | Where do they get their ground truth from? They show a lake near
       | me which no longer exists, as of a few years ago when the dam was
       | removed.
       | 
       | (OSM gets this right, FWIW.)
        
         | eppp wrote:
         | Lidar and some sort of algorithm probably. It seems to work ok
         | but not perfectly and depending on your area the lidar point
         | cloud could be almost 10 years old.
        
       | asdasdsddd wrote:
       | Wow the inner bay area is parch dry
        
       | novaleaf wrote:
       | More detail isn't necessarily better. I own some property and
       | this water map repeats the same seasonal streams that exist on
       | the state's (very old) records.
       | 
       | they should validate with satellite data or something similar.
        
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       (page generated 2025-01-23 23:01 UTC)