[HN Gopher] The Ribbon Microphone
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       The Ribbon Microphone
        
       Author : glittershark
       Score  : 151 points
       Date   : 2025-01-19 23:39 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (khz.ac)
 (TXT) w3m dump (khz.ac)
        
       | dwdz wrote:
       | All lowercase text is so hard to read.
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | I also fell for the purple text that didn't turn out to be a
         | link
         | 
         | This is quite the style
        
         | jacknews wrote:
         | i didn't find it hard to read, personally
         | 
         | perhaps the author is anti-capital-ist?
         | 
         | having an entire separate alphabet just to mark the start of
         | sentences, and proper names, does seem extremely wasteful
         | 
         | on the microphone, it looks like quite a delicate process
         | 
         | i've modded some cheap aliexpress microphones (eg following htt
         | ps://audioimprov.com/AudioImprov/Mics/Entries/2015/12/20_...)
         | but i'd want to see some measurements or reviews before
         | embarking on something like this one
        
         | quinnjh wrote:
         | capitals could damage the ribbon
        
         | ikari_pl wrote:
         | on my machine, the text is also gigantic, and some of it is
         | outside the screen :')
        
         | leoc wrote:
         | ifyouthinkthatsbadbearinmindthatbothcapitallettersinlowercasete
         | xtandspacesbetweenwordsarefairlyrecentinventions
        
           | mncharity wrote:
           | nd y dnt rly nd bth vwls nd spcs s sm lngg grps ntlly drppd
           | vwls whn thy gt spcs
        
             | BizarroLand wrote:
        
       | Aachen wrote:
       | Is there a recording somewhere to hear what this sounds like?
        
         | beAbU wrote:
         | It sounds just like any other mic, with subtle differences
         | audible only to the most trained ear.
         | 
         | Their frequency response is probably well characterised and
         | documented, so you can simulate one by putting an appropriate
         | EQ over a "normal" mic and the outcome will be
         | indistinguishable from the real thing.
        
           | localghost3000 wrote:
           | Disagree. Ribbon mics have a very distinct sound. The top end
           | in particular. They also distort when pushed.
        
         | localghost3000 wrote:
         | Amy Winehouse "Back to Black". They tracked her vocals with an
         | RCA ribbon mic.
         | 
         | Edit: fixed a typo
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Any Winehouse is such an unfortunate typo
        
             | localghost3000 wrote:
             | Fixed! Thanks for catching.
        
         | dharma1 wrote:
         | They have a bit different characteristics to dynamic/condenser
         | mics - usually less high frequency content, and pronounced
         | proximity effect.
         | 
         | Often used for horns, violin, guitar cabs - sources where you
         | want to reduce "shrillness" but you can use them anywhere.
        
         | glittershark wrote:
         | it looks like there's a recording linked at the end of the post
        
       | leblancfg wrote:
       | That's great, but would love to hear samples to see if it's any
       | good!
        
       | TrackerFF wrote:
       | Ribbon mics: Expensive, and notoriously fragile (to high SPL).
       | 
       | Some are so sensitive that you can actually destroy the ribbon by
       | shutting the (mic) case lid too fast.
        
         | alexhornbake wrote:
         | As you've pointed out High SPL isn't what breaks ribbons, it's
         | high SPL at low frequencies (ie wind/air moving frequencies,
         | like those produced from a slamming wooden case lid.
         | 
         | Kick drums and bass guitar amps might not be a good match for a
         | ribbon, but speech (with a pop filter) is fine.
         | 
         | Modern mics like those from Royer Labs can handle high SPL
         | (cranked 100w guitar amp).
         | 
         | There are a few reasons why professionals still like ribbons
         | for certain tasks: unlike condensers and dynamics, the resonant
         | frequency of the ribbon is typically very low (20Hz), so you
         | don't get any peaks or artifacts when the source audio vibrates
         | at the resonant frequency of the mic. Also, if you like the
         | sound of your expensive mic preamplifier, the low output ribbon
         | mics let you add gain/dirt/harmonic distortion which to some is
         | pleasing to the ear.
         | 
         | Love that the op built his own, that's really awesome.
        
           | TrackerFF wrote:
           | Yeah, I have a Royer R-121 which I use in combination a SM57
           | on guitar cabs/amps - classic combo as you get the fullness
           | and low-end of the Royer, and attack and top-end of the
           | dynamic. But eyewatering price when considering it's only one
           | microphone (though it has more use cases, like overhead).
           | 
           | With that said, every ribbon mic I've owned, I've felt like
           | I've had to handle with kid gloves, just in case.
        
           | afandian wrote:
           | Is the frequency response purely a function of the physical
           | shape? I wonder why you can't use a similar diaphragm shape
           | but as a condenser?
        
             | duped wrote:
             | No, it's a function of the acoustic, mechanical, and
             | electrical properties of the entire system.
             | 
             | An easy way to understand this with dynamic mics is that
             | the coil itself has some resistance, inductance, and
             | capacitance that impedes the flow of the induced current
             | through the coil. That impedance is frequency dependent, so
             | the properties of the coil affect the frequency response.
             | 
             | Same principle applies to all transducers. The acoustic
             | energy is converted into mechanical/kinetic energy and then
             | into electrical energy. So to understand the frequency
             | response you need to understand the acoustic, mechanical,
             | and electrical impedances.
        
       | t-3 wrote:
       | Is this basically just the inverse of an electrostatic speaker?
       | I've seen DIY builds of those using very thin films coated with
       | some electrosensitive solution - would that work as an
       | alternative for the foil/leaf used here?
        
         | frabert wrote:
         | No, a ribbon microphone is sort-of a dual of a dynamic
         | microphone if you squint hard enough. An electrostatic speaker
         | is closer to the inverse of a condenser (capacitor) microphone
        
           | yetihehe wrote:
           | Just to add: inverse of ribbon microphone is ribbon speaker
           | [1].
           | 
           | [1] https://www.psaudio.com/blogs/pauls-posts/how-a-ribbon-
           | speak...
        
             | BJones12 wrote:
             | Thank you. I've dabbled in audio for 25 years and had no
             | idea these existed.
        
       | leoc wrote:
       | Relevant _Wired_ articles from 2011:
       | 
       | * "Relics Reborn: Ribbon Microphones Rally for Vintage-Audio
       | Geeks" https://www.wired.com/2011/01/gallery-ribbon-mics-part-1/
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20240118172709/https://www.wired...
       | 
       | * "Ribbon Microphones: Audio Icon You Can Build in Your Garage"
       | https://www.wired.com/2011/01/ribbon-mics-part-2/
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20160326035336/https://www.wired...
       | (the internal link from part 1 to part 2 in the _Wired_ story is
       | currently broken!)
       | 
       | (These were posted in 2011 by user mainland but didn't get any
       | comments.)
        
       | sgarland wrote:
       | This was an excellent read! I dabbled in DIY audio gear as a
       | teenager, mostly building headphone amps. Never dreamed of trying
       | something as complex as this.
        
       | andybp85 wrote:
       | I built a ribbon mic from a kit a while ago, and only broke the
       | ribbon once putting it together! https://www.bumblebeepro.com/
       | 
       | Of course, as soon as i tried to record my guitarist with it, he
       | cranked his amp and broke it again. Guitarists, man...
        
         | leoc wrote:
         | Recording drum kits with them must be a delicate business...
        
       | beAbU wrote:
       | For anyone interested in how mucrophones can sound different,
       | check out Jim Lill's video [1] where he A/B tests a bunch of mics
       | against one another and industry standards.
       | 
       | He has a whole series of videos where he explores what
       | contributes the most to "guitar tone", all the way from the
       | strings to your ears and in between. It's a bit of an eye opener
       | to say the least. Highly, highly recommended.
       | 
       | 1: https://youtu.be/4Bma2TE-x6M
        
         | ot wrote:
         | That is a ridiculously well made video, thanks for sharing!
        
         | leblancfg wrote:
         | Love his series, but you really have to keep in mind that his
         | testing methodology is "reductionist": a microphone's quality
         | can't _just_ be distilled to its EQ response. Phase, transient
         | response, clipping, etc. are also part of the equation.
         | 
         | edit: My "case in point" moment is Jim's (excellent!) DIY amp
         | section in this video:
         | https://youtu.be/wcBEOcPtlYk?si=jkehIfyo6AgeTLUo&t=918. Its EQ
         | indeed sounds like the big names, but I'm sure you'll also
         | notice how its dynamics also sound so thin. That's likely
         | because solid state clipping != (saggy) tube overdrive.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | >> solid state clipping != (saggy) tube overdrive.
           | 
           | Clipping tends to produce odd harmonics, and blocks highs
           | entirely in the flat parts.
           | 
           | Nonlinearity across the signal range can produce even
           | harmonics and doesn't delete portions of small signals.
        
           | beAbU wrote:
           | The takeaway for me on all his videos is that yes, these
           | things are different, and they make a difference. But the
           | difference is so subtle and nuanced that its nigh on
           | impossible hear it, especially in the mix, played on a CD,
           | over a stereo in a less-than-ideal treated room.
           | 
           | In one of his amp cab videos he has the appiphany that all
           | his tone chasing was for naught, because he failed to
           | consider that each and every sound he hears has been
           | _recorded_. He cannot replicate the tone of how an amp or cab
           | or speaker or guitar sounded, because that sound was
           | recorded, where the mic, preamp, console and recording medium
           | all added their own influence, and him listening to an amp in
           | the room is _not_ how that amp actually sounded. And live
           | sound is a completely different animal all together!
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | That's an amazing video, the first 30min Youtube I've seen that
         | is densely packed with usefulness and without any fluff (in
         | pace, audio and visuals).
         | 
         | I wish he had vocals in his comparison set.
         | 
         | I did love to see five different U87s tested. They have such a
         | great reputation, and we used them so much when I was producing
         | but it's amazing to me how variable they were from mic to mic.
         | Knowing that I would avoid moving forward unless it's my own,
         | that I know.
        
         | deckar01 wrote:
         | I think people get too hung up on the natural frequency
         | response of mics. A ribbon mic can achieve such a low noise
         | floor with high sensitivity that high gain EQ stays clean.
        
       | ditn wrote:
       | An interesting feature of ribbon mics - because the ribbon is
       | open at the front and the back, they reject sound from the side
       | (and top/bottom) almost perfectly. You can arrange these cleverly
       | in live or studio settings to amplify one thing while rejecting
       | another completely.
       | 
       | A typical usecase for this is a singer with an acoustic guitar -
       | one mic can pick up the guitar and almost fully reject the
       | vocals, and vice-versa. Pretty cool.
        
       | paulorlando wrote:
       | It also led to the ability to sing in a quieter, more natural
       | way, and gave birth to the "crooner" style. The earlier
       | popularized carbon button microphone (invented in 1878) didn't
       | enable this personal singing style. If you look at one you might
       | mistake it for the receiver of an old telephone handset (which in
       | essence it was).
        
         | telesilla wrote:
         | It's a fascinating topic, how technology forms new genres of
         | music. The microphone is often overlooked for its importance in
         | 20th century music evolution.
        
       | huhtenberg wrote:
       | If the author's reading this, the site renders like this in a
       | recent Firefox - https://i.imgur.com/lazMsqx.png
        
         | jszymborski wrote:
         | Not the case on v134.0.1 on Linux Mint.
         | 
         | https://i.imgur.com/vmUFR9K.png
        
         | sebazzz wrote:
         | In Safari it looks like there has been a "text-transform:
         | lowercase" in the CSS.
        
         | nemetroid wrote:
         | I don't have this particular issue, but instead the text size
         | is hilariously huge. The CSS contains this fragment:
         | @media (min-resolution: 1.5dppx) {        :root {         font-
         | size: 2.4rem;        }       }
         | 
         | My 27 inch 4k monitor comes in at a device pixel ratio of
         | ~1.58, triggering this (presumably) phone-targeted style.
        
         | AndrewStephens wrote:
         | This is a common problem with stylesheets based on tufte-css
         | (an excellent project) which attempts to make things nice for
         | mobile users but often makes the wrong assumption about screen
         | geometry.
         | 
         | My blog had the same problem until I removed the css styles
         | that triggered the font size.
        
         | nosolace wrote:
         | the author is in fact reading this and will make some changes
         | 
         | edit: haven't managed to replicate the absurdly huge image;
         | what version # & os are you on?
        
         | mardef wrote:
         | And like this in Windows/Chrome latest:
         | 
         | https://imgur.com/a/QnNbLEG
         | 
         | on a non-maximized window.
        
       | ge96 wrote:
       | Is there a sample sound? Cool design
        
       | deckar01 wrote:
       | They don't have any EMI shielding? I use an aluminum pedal box,
       | cut holes, and screen them with fine steel mesh. The XLR terminal
       | grounds the mic, cable, and transformer together. These should
       | have such a low noise floor they can pick up LF signals like
       | train tracks and subwoofers rumbling off in the distance.
        
       | nosolace wrote:
       | there is (now) a sample recording, for anyone interested.
        
       | skzv wrote:
       | I bought my father a RM-BIV3 ribbon microphone [0] to record
       | violin. It's a beautiful piece.
       | 
       | [0] https://micpedia.com/microphone/bashaudio-rm-biv3/
        
       | 01100011 wrote:
       | Seems like you could get many of the benefits of a ribbon by
       | using a laser to measure the vibration of the ribbon vs measuring
       | the voltage. Of course the ribbon won't vibrate the same without
       | a magnetic field applied so you could still supply that. You'll
       | also just be picking up the vibrations at one point of the ribbon
       | instead of the summation(?) of it's movement. But you won't have
       | to worry so much about noise and shielding, while still retaining
       | a low resonant frequency.
        
       | sudobash1 wrote:
       | Apparently aluminum ribbons can be used the other way too with
       | some success. I recently came across a ribbon speaker:
       | https://www.instructables.com/DIY-Tinfoil-Ribbon-Speaker/
        
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       (page generated 2025-01-22 23:01 UTC)