[HN Gopher] UK's hardware talent is being wasted
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       UK's hardware talent is being wasted
        
       Author : sebg
       Score  : 566 points
       Date   : 2025-01-19 23:52 UTC (23 hours ago)
        
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 (TXT) w3m dump (josef.cn)
        
       | gjsman-1000 wrote:
       | Too little, too late. The list of reasons to stay in the UK are
       | slim; and there's very little the UK can do about it (other than
       | begging people to stay out of national pride). Even the strong
       | arguments a decade ago, like the NHS, are cracking.
        
       | brcmthrowaway wrote:
       | What ever happened to GraphCore?
        
         | ajb wrote:
         | They made a bad bet on the structure of their designs. They
         | were bought by SoftBank last year; they have a new design in
         | the works, but might have trouble delivering it as apparently
         | there's been a bit of a talent exodus. There are several newer
         | companies trying their luck in the area.
        
           | brcmthrowaway wrote:
           | I think d-matrix might succeed.
        
         | zipy124 wrote:
         | they didn't transition to transformers and I focussed mainly on
         | CNN's, which whilst still popular don't have the same financial
         | draw, and weren't easily re-purposable for transformers.
         | 
         | See techtechpotatos (Dr ian cutress, currently imho one of the
         | best hardware analysts) videos on it for example:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZmakgRZYxU
        
         | JonChesterfield wrote:
         | Volta.
         | 
         | The hardware is good. It's fairly horrendous to program but
         | comparable to other specialised chips and the lowering from XLA
         | / onnx etc worked well enough.
         | 
         | The 20x performance lead over Nvidia's Pascal looked great.
         | Volta beating Pascal by 10x did unrecoverable damage to
         | Graphcore's marketing slides. I think they got the later
         | generations running a bit faster but it was never the order of
         | magnitude over nvidia they started from.
         | 
         | I'm not sure what they're doing these days. The exit to
         | softbank valued the employee shares at $0 so the engineers that
         | had already left got burned. Most of the engineers I knew there
         | have left but there still seems to be a large headcount.
        
       | atbpaca wrote:
       | Similar in France / Paris where some American players can easily
       | pay 100K+ euros for SWE. Rest of France salaries are half or even
       | less.
        
         | leoedin wrote:
         | Contracting rates in Paris seem to be much higher -
         | EUR700-EUR1000 a day seems common from what I've seen.
         | 
         | I suspect a big part of it is labour laws. The UK is similar.
         | Companies don't want to take on the legal commitment of a high
         | salary person, so they take on contractors instead.
        
           | Beretta_Vexee wrote:
           | This will depend enormously on the company: a consulting and
           | IT services company like Capgemini will employ Moroccan
           | university graduates at 32KEUR/year. Apple will recruit the
           | best engineers from telecoms companies, arms manufacturers,
           | research institutes and intelligence services for
           | 120KEUR/year and the same in share, equity.
           | 
           | France knows how to train excellent engineers and give them
           | responsibilities in major government bodies, but doesn't know
           | how to keep them in France. A glass ceiling is rapidly
           | forming for engineers. French companies only value
           | management. There's also this constant desire on the part of
           | French companies to go low-cost.
           | 
           | The speed run of the French engineer is to be admitted to a
           | good engineering school, to be recruited on diploma in a
           | large state body, to spend 3-5 years there with a low salary
           | but great responsibility, to be recruited by a Swiss or
           | American company, profit.
        
             | smartties wrote:
             | > The speed run of the French engineer is to be admitted to
             | a good engineering school, to be recruited on diploma in a
             | large state body, to spend 3-5 years there with a low
             | salary but great responsibility, to be recruited by a Swiss
             | or American company, profit.
             | 
             | Your comment is on point, though I'd slightly adjust the
             | part about French engineers career goal. From my
             | experience, many French engineering peers were not even
             | aware that companies in France (Big Tech or Fortune 500)
             | could offer six-figure salaries. They also often have never
             | heard of leetcode/system design/behavioral interviews. They
             | assume their career trajectory depends almost entirely on
             | the ranking/prestige of their engineering school (which is
             | true for french companies), but in practice, most U.S.
             | recruiters/companies don't even know what a French
             | engineering school is. A bachelor/master degree and a good
             | grind on leetcode is enough for them.
             | 
             | For most students I studied with, the dream is to secure a
             | 45K~50k salary right after graduation, and target 80k as an
             | end-of-career goal, by following this path:
             | 
             | -Attend a top engineering school.
             | 
             | -Join a CAC40 company as a software engineer.
             | 
             | -Transition into management after 10-15 years.
        
               | Beretta_Vexee wrote:
               | > French engineering peers were not even aware that
               | companies in France (Big Tech or Fortune 500) could offer
               | six-figure salaries.
               | 
               | I know senior engineer at Airbus who don't earn six-
               | figure salaries.
               | 
               | French human resources are cowards and hide behind
               | diplomas to justify pay scales and recruitment. "Nobody
               | gets fired for buying IBM"/"Nobody gets fired for
               | recruiting a polytechnicien".
               | 
               | I trained as a mechanical/nuclear engineer. It took
               | destroying all the other competitors at my company's
               | internal hackathon, Master Dev France and a project
               | involving several thousand lines of python, for HR at my
               | company to admit that I knew how to code without a
               | software dev diploma.
        
       | alephnerd wrote:
       | I agree with this call to action. Sadly, I think there are more
       | fundamental issues in the UK economy.
       | 
       | For all intents and purposes, Venture Capital is dead in the UK.
       | 
       | While companies do get funded in the UK and are technically "UK
       | domiciled" - in action most of their Engineering and Product
       | teams are located in Eastern Europe or India, or are startups
       | from those markets (and China) who domiciled in the UK to raise
       | from foreign investors.
       | 
       | There just isn't enough liquid capital to invest in the UK
       | compared to other investment classes available.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | I don't understand why it's so bad in a country that's
         | supposedly amazing at financial services.
        
           | alephnerd wrote:
           | It's because the UK is so good at financial services.
           | 
           | It's fairly easy to deploy capital in the UK in mainland
           | Europe, the US, India, China, ASEAN, and Middle East, which
           | means there isn't much of an incentive to deploy it within
           | the UK in industries that the UK cannot compete directly in.
           | 
           | For example, Dyson has almost entirely shifted operations to
           | ASEAN (Phillipines and Malaysia primarily).
           | 
           | And AugustaWestland/Leonardo, Rolls Royce, AstraZeneca, GSK,
           | BT Group, JLR, and BAE have largely shifted operations to the
           | US and India.
           | 
           | The UK could make it harder to offshore, but then that also
           | destroys the UK's entire financial and services industry,
           | because most of the capital in the UK exists because it's a
           | connector for global markets and would leave if that is
           | ended.
           | 
           | They're damned if they do, damned if they don't.
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | On the other hand, the UK has all these cheap engineers. Is
             | it just that they're not actually cheap, on the
             | international market?
        
               | cjbgkagh wrote:
               | Rent, taxes and industrial regulation plays a big part.
               | As does power costs. Then there is political costs, it's
               | hard to rely on UK politicians not doing foolish things
               | and tanking your company on a whim.
        
               | dukeyukey wrote:
               | Cheap compared to the US. On-par for most of the Western
               | world. Expensive on the international market.
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | Not really. UK salaries are largely comparable to those
               | for a similar caliber of talent in China or India
               | ($30-50k mid-career is doable in both markets).
               | 
               | The difference is countries like India, Czechia, Poland,
               | Israel, Romania, etc all provide competitive tax
               | incentives or subsidizes for R&D work, so you can hire
               | competitive talent AND get preferential tax treatment.
        
             | cjbgkagh wrote:
             | It was always going to be a trap, but it's been so long in
             | the making that those who started the UK on that path have
             | long since retired wealthy.
        
             | James_K wrote:
             | I think "capital" is the wrong word for it. We've got a lot
             | of money lying around, but capital implies something
             | productive can be done with it. We can't eat money, and we
             | can't tax it or else they'll screw off. Perhaps if we
             | stopped acting as the worlds fixer for tax dodging we would
             | end up being better off. I can't help but view the City as
             | a kind of tumour, sucking the life out of the rest of the
             | country to enlarge itself.
        
               | vishnugupta wrote:
               | I think most folks when say Capital they mean "Finance
               | Capital" which UK is really good at. Even historically
               | speaking UK was at the forefront of financial engineering
               | which complimented their physical engineering and enabled
               | to spread their empire and colonize so much.
               | 
               | But UK post WW-2 and specifically post Thatcher stopped
               | investing in physical engineering and overindexed on
               | financial services the results are for all to see now.
               | 
               | But you are right. I think the financial engineering has
               | reached its limits and we see China's investment in
               | physical engineering over last couple of decades
               | beginning to pay off.
        
               | klooney wrote:
               | The Chinese strategy of forcibly keeping their financial
               | sector depressed seems pretty sensible as a long term
               | strategy.
        
           | alecco wrote:
           | > I don't understand why it's so bad in a country that's
           | supposedly amazing at financial services.
           | 
           | Because it's focused on predatory finance: funds cornering
           | housing markets, money laundering, debt markets (think public
           | debt and CDS), currency/rates speculation, etc.
        
             | alephnerd wrote:
             | It's not about predatory or non-predatory finance.
             | 
             | In order to become a major financial hub, UK has very
             | favorable foreign transaction laws.
             | 
             | A significant amount of British-domiciled capital is
             | foreign originated but only parked in the UK because of
             | strong contracts law and linkages to just about every major
             | investable market.
             | 
             | This is both a boon and a curse, because why would you
             | finance a $1M seed in London when you can deploy that same
             | capital for a similar sized seed in Tel Aviv or New York
             | and get a better return on investment by exiting or funding
             | additional rounds.
             | 
             | There is no innovation ecosystem in the UK, and it's too
             | late to build one because other markets are just too
             | competitive at this point - India, Israel, Czechia, Poland,
             | etc provide very competitive tax incentives and subsidizes
             | for foreign R&D investment and have done so for decades
             | now.
             | 
             | You might assume the answer is to add additional
             | roadblocks, but that makes British financial services
             | extremely non-competitive, and puts 2.5 million jobs (and
             | voters) at risk.
             | 
             | This is the exact same trap that Singapore and Hong Kong
             | has fallen into, and both are trying to minimize it by
             | becoming the goto financial hubs for target startup scenes
             | (China for Hong Kong, India+ASEAN for Singapore) and
             | investing in foreign startups (eg. Temasek Holdings in
             | Singapore).
             | 
             | The UK needs to do something similar - it needs to give up
             | ambitions of being a peer of the "big boys" in innovation,
             | and concentrate on becoming competitive in international
             | dealmaking, maybe by making a public-private international
             | VC fund like Temasek.
             | 
             | Baillie Gifford (HQed in Edinburgh) and Index Ventures
             | (HQed in London) are competitive in Tech Growth Equity
             | globally (and especially in the Bay). There's no reason
             | there can't be more Baillie Giffords or Index Ventures in
             | the UK.
        
         | torginus wrote:
         | Well my East European perspective is this:
         | 
         | When management decides to launch a new product, they bring in
         | an UK-based 'analyst' who usually does a piss poor job of
         | gathering requirements/docs/building up the project, so you
         | have to step in and 'shadow manage' the whole thing, from
         | producing architecture diagrams to talking to customers,
         | writing specs, writing Jira tickets, besides actually doing the
         | job you're supposed to do.
         | 
         | The only thing they do do is act as an interface layer to upper
         | management and giving each other reacharounds.
         | 
         | But when it comes to handshakes and glitzy product announcement
         | galas, they're all over the place and you are not even invited,
         | the best you can get is having your (usually misspelled) name
         | show up in context of 5 other high-ranking ne-er-do-wells, who
         | they want to suck up to.
         | 
         | Then they leave for a higher paying position to another UK
         | company, and post on linkedin about leadership and inspiring
         | teams.
         | 
         | You are forgotten, but not for long, since people actually
         | start using the stuff you wrote and support tickets start
         | rolling in.
         | 
         | Poor poor UK people having to sit in all those executive
         | positions while contributing nothing.
         | 
         | It also doesn't help that for most West Europeans, places like
         | Romania is synonimous with the Shadow Realm.
         | 
         | The funny thing is, having them spit in your face like this is
         | actually a privileged position, since that means you're usually
         | out of the trenches, where you only see the Jira tickets that
         | you need to solve.
        
         | dukeyukey wrote:
         | > For all intents and purposes, Venture Capital is dead in the
         | UK.
         | 
         | The UK has the 3rd largest tech VC sector worldwide - only
         | after the US and China
         | 
         | > in action most of their Engineering and Product teams are
         | located in Eastern Europe or India
         | 
         | London also has the largest software sector outside the US,
         | after the Bay Area, Boston, and NYC.
        
           | nsteel wrote:
           | I think the large software sector here might actually be part
           | of the problem. If you're smart, want to stay in London
           | (expensive), but don't want to work in finance then it's
           | going to be software. There's no interesting hardware jobs
           | here (FPGA trading platforms do not qualify). These jobs do
           | exist in other European countries so I think the parent was
           | correct.
        
           | alephnerd wrote:
           | > The UK has the 3rd largest tech VC sector worldwide - only
           | after the US and China
           | 
           | And as I mentioned before, most startups tend to only be UK
           | domiciled for funding reasons, but majority of their
           | operations and leadership are located outside the UK.
           | 
           | Foreign (read: American) VCs tend to conduct transactions in
           | a handful of very well regulated markets, so a Chinese,
           | Indian, or Romanian startup will often have to make a
           | domiciled corporation in a financial hub like the UK or
           | Singapore in order to raise.
           | 
           | For example, Revolut has around 16,000 employees, but barely
           | 2k in the UK and around 7k in Poland+India - and most of
           | these roles are engineering AND strategy roles.
           | 
           | > London also has the largest software sector outside the US,
           | after the Bay Area, Boston, and NYC
           | 
           | Source? Boston is nowhere near a top software hub - both
           | Seattle and Austin are much larger in the software space than
           | Boston.
           | 
           | And I would be shocked if the net amount of SWE roles in
           | London is higher than Tel Aviv or Bangalore.
        
       | mapt wrote:
       | A lot of these complaints are not about an industry, but about
       | late stage capitalism. About a failing society that privileges
       | profits over social progress and material productivity because
       | oligarchs and aristocracy own the institutions and are running
       | this thing into the ground on base class instinct.
       | 
       | All these cool "save the world" school projects exist because the
       | current people running the world are deciding what is and isn't a
       | priority and haven't fixed the problem in question; When these
       | students grow up and go on to work for those same people, we are
       | shocked, shocked that it isn't to do more unprofitable school
       | engineering projects.
       | 
       | Instead: Finance industry stuff. What we really need, and by we I
       | mean the people in charge who are obsessively keeping score of
       | imaginary numbers in an account.
        
         | gjsman-1000 wrote:
         | Yeah, yeah, the meme copy-paste problem diagnosis, but what's
         | the solution?
         | 
         | Rebuild into socialism?
         | 
         | Rebuild into communism?
         | 
         | Reset into early stage capitalism (lack of regulation and all)?
         | 
         | How do you know that those systems won't also have their own
         | late stage failure? Case in point, the NHS right now.
         | 
         | (Edit, posting too fast: To the person below who suggested 90%
         | tax rates; the US never had those rates. On paper they did, but
         | they had more and larger exceptions than now, to the point the
         | effective rate never exceeded 45% anyway. This is also why the
         | massive cut was politically palatable - it was cutting the
         | rates to closer reflect the reality. At no point did the US
         | ever have anything close, or even half close, to 90% effective
         | rates.)
        
           | rwmj wrote:
           | Cracking down on monopolies and rentierism would be a good
           | start. Followed by tying pension rises to worker's salaries.
           | None of that is actually going to happen because of who votes
           | combined with a government that's scared of its own shadow.
        
             | gjsman-1000 wrote:
             | Combined with the fact that those solutions just listed are
             | short term and a surefire way to ensure nobody gets a
             | pension.
             | 
             | You also can't act against monopolies when China happily
             | won't act against their own state owned monopolies, which
             | are in an arm's race trying to surpass us. Falling behind
             | to China is a great way to cause a tech investment
             | collapse.
        
             | corimaith wrote:
             | Well everytime somebody wants to build high density housing
             | or really anything to alleviate the housing crisis we get
             | the usual NIMBY screaming similar to OP about evil
             | corporations coming to destroy the character of their local
             | neighborhood.
        
               | mapt wrote:
               | OP is a YIMBY for the record.
               | 
               | Returning by right development to the UK is very possibly
               | the single largest policy measure that might enable a way
               | forward, not because it's so intimately tied to the
               | financialization of the economy, but because it's such an
               | enormous capital concentration that its limitations
               | overshadow a lot of other issues.
               | 
               | It may be hard to see it from where we're standing, but
               | the current housing situation is one extreme of a
               | catastrophic ongoing crisis.
        
               | pydry wrote:
               | Affordable high density housing used to comprise about
               | half of all housing built in the UK. Then almost all
               | constuction of it was halted.
               | 
               | The private sector never built any of it. NIMBYs didnt
               | stop this construction. Ideologues whinging about the %
               | of GDP spent by the public sector did.
               | 
               | NIMBYs are just a side effect of the world neoliberals
               | created.
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | If we're talking about the UK, then London is already as
               | dense as it can reasonably be. It went all-in on public
               | transit almost 200 years ago.
               | 
               | And of course, it made it all worse. Now you HAVE to work
               | in London if you want a high salary.
               | 
               | The only real way to fix the housing is to promote remote
               | work and decentralized companies.
        
               | corimaith wrote:
               | Yeah.. no. Have you been to Asian cities? It's rows and
               | rows of 100 floor apartments, it's urban centers
               | consolidated into high density malls and commercial
               | centers. We're talking about dozens of high rises where
               | every floor contains restaurants and shops. I daresay
               | there is more to eat and shop in the 1km Radius around
               | Ikebukuro Station then entire borough of Westminster!
               | 
               | Nobody wants to work in some backwater in the middle of
               | nowhere either, especially if you are young and want to
               | meet new people.
        
               | mapt wrote:
               | "Reasonably" is doing a lot of work there. It sounds an
               | awful like you're defining the boundaries of
               | reasonability at "Exactly what is built right now and
               | using the exact borders of current municipalities", which
               | is a tautology. Even if we limit ourselves to the current
               | municipal boundaries of London, population density is
               | ~6000 people per square kilometer. Kowloon Walled City
               | survived with 3,000,000 people per square kilometer,
               | Manhattan has 75,000, Dhaka 23,000, San Francisco 19,000.
               | 
               | Their system is a much better one than we tend to have in
               | the US, but "All-in on public transit" looks more like
               | Trantor than London. A majority of the TFL system was
               | constructed more than a century ago.
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | The government is the biggest rentier and monopolist of
             | all. It's the elephant in the room.
        
           | greenavocado wrote:
           | In the case of the UK the solution in effect since the mid
           | 2010s is increase taxation, replace the natives completely
           | with someone more desperate, and suppress wages.
        
           | mapt wrote:
           | The NHS is not dying an entirely natural death. Murder most
           | foul.
           | 
           | Your question is coupling a matter of our policy preference,
           | our tactical planning to arrive at that preference, and a
           | hypothetical predictive model. If like some supervillain I
           | had come up with a satisfactory answer to all those questions
           | I would have enacted it twenty minutes ago.
        
             | eagleislandsong wrote:
             | > The NHS is not dying an entirely natural death. Murder
             | most foul.
             | 
             | I'm ignorant on this topic; do you mind elaborating?
        
           | nicoburns wrote:
           | > but what's the solution?
           | 
           | I strongly suspect it's a variant on capitalism that:
           | 
           | 1. Recognises that some industries (utilities, healthcare,
           | etc) are not well suited to market provision and are state
           | funded. i.e. the sort social provisions that many of the
           | nordic countries have.
           | 
           | 2. Recognises that extreme wealth inequalities invalidate the
           | key principle that capitalist economics is premised on (that
           | the market value of a good or service closely approximates
           | it's societal value) and therefore imposes much stronger
           | progressive taxes on very high earners to effective cap how
           | much wealth a single individual can control.
           | 
           | > early stage capitalism (lack of regulation and all)
           | 
           | High tax rates (90% in some cases) and all
        
             | mapt wrote:
             | The 'Laffer Curve' concept is treated at first glance as
             | some kind of complex model created by experts that Explains
             | A Lot, at second glance as something a bunch of drunk
             | political operatives scrawled on a cocktail napkin in 1974
             | that doesn't necessarily have any relation to reality, and
             | at third glance as a tautology whose dishonest core is the
             | labelling of the x axis.
             | 
             | Academic attempts to identify the optimal maxima of tax
             | receipts, which conservative political operatives will
             | always implicitly assume is "half whatever the current rate
             | is", suggest something on the order of 60%.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | > In economics, the Laffer curve illustrates a
               | theoretical relationship between rates of taxation and
               | the resulting levels of the government's tax revenue.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laffer_curve
               | 
               | I would dispute the premise of the Laffer Curve: that the
               | goal of setting a (high) taxation rate is to maximise
               | government revenue. I think that reducing wealth
               | inequality is a good in and of itself. And _especially_
               | under a capitalist system that depends on it 's citizens
               | having vaguely equal purchasing power to function
               | efficiently.
               | 
               | Assuming that our starting point is our current situation
               | where wealth is very unequally distributed, that is. I
               | would agree with the suggestion that things being too
               | equal, and there being no reward for hard work and/or
               | ingenuity also leads to problems.
               | 
               | Optimisation that tries to balance that trade-off would
               | interest me greatly.
        
             | TheCapeGreek wrote:
             | Point 1 tends to fall apart when the government can't
             | control its own coffers and after a few decades of
             | mismanagement decides that privatisation is the main way to
             | reduce their debt burden. So I think this one ebbs and
             | flows over time generally.
             | 
             | See South Africa for an example. Power production is slowly
             | opening up to market forces as an alleviation to the
             | extreme mismanagement and corruption of the last 2-3
             | decades.
             | 
             | On the other hand, there are also some alternatives, like
             | "devolution" of state services to the provincial or
             | municipal level. The local Cape Town government is busy
             | trying to gain control over the city's train lines from the
             | government org that owns them, to provide better service.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | There's no substitute for competence and integrity, but
               | private entities are just as capable of being inept and
               | corrupt. Look at companies like Enron or Comcast.
        
           | dennis_jeeves2 wrote:
           | >Reset into early stage capitalism (lack of regulation and
           | all)?
           | 
           | I think this wouldn't be bad.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | Government spending is 45% of GDP.
        
           | jltsiren wrote:
           | And private spending is something like 200%. GDP is a measure
           | of added value, not total spending/revenue.
        
           | James_K wrote:
           | Putting more layers of privatisation between the government
           | and the service it provides will decrease the quality and
           | increase the costs. Sewage is now in our rivers and we pay
           | more for water. Trains are obscenely expensive compared to
           | Europe. Energy is expensive. All of these things cost
           | boatloads because we sold them off and drag the rest of the
           | economy down with them. We wouldn't be spending so much today
           | if we'd invested more in the past.
        
         | marbro wrote:
         | Socialism isn't the solution, it's the problem. People deserve
         | to be paid for work and the better the work that they do, the
         | more they deserve to be paid, even though that can be much more
         | than the average person earns.
        
           | p_l wrote:
           | That's a very marxist view on wages, actually...
           | 
           | Capitalism seeks rent from having capital, so the obvious
           | optimization is to squash the ability to demand higher wages
           | (original Marxist argument about "ownership of means of
           | production" was how big capitalist controlled access to
           | machines you needed to the work, thus being able to depress
           | the wages)
        
           | insane_dreamer wrote:
           | I don't think you understand socialism and capitalism.
           | 
           | Suppression of wages is very much a feature of capitalism
           | (the company's mission is to acquire capital for
           | shareholders; technology that lowers costs by reducing the
           | need for labor, or reducing the payment for labor, is a
           | goal); whereas socialism holds that those who do the work
           | should benefit from their labor (workers should own the means
           | of production).
           | 
           | A "socialist" company in the U.S. would be an employee-owned
           | company or a co-op (like REI) though they would never call
           | themselves that because Americans don't understand what
           | socialism is (and have been taught that it's "evil").
        
           | deletedie wrote:
           | You've essentially summarised a key Marxist critique of
           | Capitalism.
           | 
           | What you've described - the need for people to have autonomy,
           | value, and ownership over the work they do - is the core
           | tenet of Marxism.
        
         | wakawaka28 wrote:
         | Capitalism is not the problem so much as policies that promote
         | trade imbalances and outsourcing of jobs. If there are people
         | somewhere willing to work for much less than you are, there are
         | far fewer opportunities to do anything. It is not normal to get
         | a ton of cheap imports forever, and a reversion to the mean is
         | not a sign that capitalism is failing.
         | 
         | Unless the whole world was to demand the same standard of
         | living (which is impossible), or global trade is limited, there
         | will be nations where the wealth of the average person is on
         | the decline.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | What we are seeing is a great levelling out of living
           | standards across the world. Poor countries are unquestionably
           | getting richer, while rich countries are stagnating and
           | decaying. It's a period of readjustment, but self-limiting.
        
             | wakawaka28 wrote:
             | There's no need for the West to stagnate like this. We
             | could let the rest of the world develop itself while we
             | continue to be self-sufficient. That requires tough
             | decisions like choosing to limit imports of foreign goods
             | and labor. But that is unfortunately not how it's going.
             | Some people have been selling out their own countries for
             | decades to make a quick buck, or perhaps to defend some
             | economic theory that the plan with the highest cost
             | efficiency is always the best.
        
       | refrigerator wrote:
       | This is spot on. All the smart and ambitious people I know who
       | studied (non-software) Engineering at university in the UK have
       | ended up going into software engineering via self-teaching or
       | finance/consulting because the only hardware engineering career
       | paths seem to be working for Rolls Royce in the middle of nowhere
       | with terrible pay, or alternatively working at Jaguar Land Rover
       | in the middle of nowhere with terrible pay
        
         | GamerAlias wrote:
         | Preach. My friend is a gifted passionate Aerospace engineer
         | (top in his specific stream at Cambridge) and basically is
         | withering away working for the above 2 firms. The location is
         | grim being far from others and generally far from other young
         | exciting people. Additionally in his org, there just isn't a
         | sense of excitement/ urgency which leaves him with little to
         | do. Prioritising career for a career that's not there
         | 
         | Whilst others working in software (myself included) can have a
         | far greater quality of life and salary working in London.
        
           | dzhiurgis wrote:
           | Wait what. Quality of life in rural UK is worse than rat race
           | of London?
        
             | wbl wrote:
             | When a man is tired of London he is tired of life.
        
               | rgmerk wrote:
               | Or maybe he's just tired of a specific kind of life which
               | might be fun in your early twenties but is less appealing
               | when you've got kids and can't enjoy the nightlife and
               | culture anyway.
        
               | sebmellen wrote:
               | How do you get kids if you can't meet someone your age to
               | partner up with?
        
               | Earw0rm wrote:
               | Plenty of culture isn't gigs and nightclubs - London
               | isn't terribly good, for its population size and economy,
               | for those anyway.
               | 
               | Think museums, parks, galleries, theatre, exhibitions.
               | 
               | Granted it's not the only city with those, the problem
               | the UK has is that its small, desirable cities are unable
               | to grow or reinvent themselves. Cambridge and Bristol
               | should be ideal for hardware startups, but the cost of
               | both housing and working space is insane for small,
               | provincial cities, partly because NIMBYism and partly
               | because building infrastructure is absurdly expensive
               | when you're constantly having to work around 200 year old
               | buildings and 800yo city plans.
        
               | tomcam wrote:
               | https://www.samueljohnson.com/tiredlon.html
        
               | dagw wrote:
               | _you've got kids and can't enjoy the nightlife and
               | culture anyway_
               | 
               | Having kids while living in the centre of a large city is
               | great, as there is so much culture that is aimed at
               | parents and children. When my kid was small we went to
               | museums and concerts and events all the time that were
               | aimed at kids. There were also several different parks,
               | playgrounds, pools and similar activities to choose from
               | all within easy access. Plus once the kids get slightly
               | older they can use public transport to get around and you
               | don't have to drive them anywhere near as much as if you
               | live in the suburbs.
        
               | baud147258 wrote:
               | > Having kids while living in the center of a large city
               | is great
               | 
               | If you can afford a flat that's big enough for you and
               | the kids
        
               | walthamstow wrote:
               | We drop the kids off at my parents and go for dinner at
               | any one of hundreds of top quality restaurants. Can't do
               | that in Kettering.
        
               | nobodywillobsrv wrote:
               | Or tired of 63% income tax rates in the middle of the
               | income bands
        
               | walthamstow wrote:
               | Does London have a different tax policy to where Jaguar
               | Land Rover is based?
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | You have to earn (much) more to have the same standard of
               | living as outside of it. Therefore you pay more income
               | tax and the cost of living is higher anyway.
        
               | twic wrote:
               | Skill issue, just earn a bit more then you're back to
               | 47%.
        
             | lmm wrote:
             | Absolutely. No public transport, almost no culture, and
             | housing anywhere nice is even less available than in
             | London. For a young person working at one of these firms,
             | where can you live? Where could you meet someone to date?
             | What can you even do at the weekend?
        
               | timthorn wrote:
               | JLR is based in the metro area of Britain's second city.
               | It's not exactly the middle of nowhere. Rolls Royce is in
               | Derby, on the edge of the Peak District with much to
               | offer. Much cheaper housing with more space available.
               | And unlike in London, driving a car isn't hounded by
               | terminal congestion.
        
               | porker wrote:
               | JLR Gaydon is not in the metro area of Birmingham. It's
               | in nice countryside and near a motorway which helps, but
               | it's a fair commute out of Birmingham at rush hour to
               | there. The nice surrounding towns/villages are expensive,
               | and even the shitty ones aren't cheap (hello Banbury) as
               | they're on the edge of commuter distance to London.
               | 
               | Derby I haven't lived in but know people who have. It's
               | an old manufacturing town and hasn't much to offer
               | graduates. Or anyone really. The Peak District is great,
               | and if you can live out that way and commute in then do
               | it. But again, you won't have similar people for local
               | friends.
        
               | UK-AL wrote:
               | There's a huge JLR presence in Solihull right next to
               | Birmingham.
               | 
               | It's also one of the wealthiest areas outside of London.
               | But house prices in the really nice parts of Solihull are
               | also high.
        
               | jack_riminton wrote:
               | Can confirm, I grew up in Derby and it's an absolute
               | desolate wasteland for anyone with any ambition,
               | intelligence or a need for a modicum of culture.
               | 
               | Saying the peak district is good for young people is like
               | saying there's a great lake near Detroit, it's not
               | exactly what they're after.
        
               | timthorn wrote:
               | Isn't that what everyone says about their hometown? :)
        
               | dzhiurgis wrote:
               | > No public transport
               | 
               | When I live in London I didn't drive, which was kinda
               | nice but also meant I've only been out of city like once
               | a year.
               | 
               | Sitting in traffic sucks of course, but driving rurally
               | opens so much.
               | 
               | As for weekends - driving and hiking I guess?
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | Sure, but at that point you're having to buy a car (which
               | is much harder as a young person - car prices have gone
               | up, insurance has gone up faster, the driving test is
               | harder than it was and lessons cost more...), you'll need
               | somewhere to park it which adds to your housing costs,
               | you still can't go drinking, and in general you're cut
               | off from a lot of what young people are doing.
        
               | SJC_Hacker wrote:
               | No Uber/Lyft in the UK?
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | It would be very expensive to take a taxi (of any sort)
               | out of London to a scenic place, but it's easy to take a
               | train to plenty of them, or hire a car for the day
               | through an app.
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | Even tiny UK towns have excellent walkable mainstreets
               | and are small enough to walk from field to field on the
               | other end in no time. It is a far cry from the american
               | obligatory car experience where it might be a 2 hour walk
               | to your nearest grocery store even in a city suburb.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | Wherever you live in London, there are commuter (and
               | intercity) railway lines that can take you out of it.
               | 
               | For example I lived not far from Putney. Putney to
               | Windsor & Eton Riverside takes 39 minutes and costs
               | PS6.90.
               | 
               | https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=11/51.5330/-0.1146&lay
               | ers...
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | There is a culture there. I am not sure what people mean
               | when they say there isn't a culture outside of the
               | London. If you mean things like events, art exhibs etc.
               | We have those here. If you mean bars, pubs and
               | restaurants we have those here to.
               | 
               | Is it as glitzy as London. No. But saying there is "no
               | culture" is just absolutely asinine.
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | UK people are so god damned spoiled. Sometimes I will
               | pull up street view imagery of a random town in scotland
               | or wherever in the UK that I see locals from there on
               | reddit make a seething comment about. Then I will look at
               | the town center and its basically greenwich village:
               | walkable, pubs and shops all over the place, bus network
               | goes everywhere, actual regional rail potentially,
               | everything the american urbanist dreams about. You know
               | where you actually meet people on a date in 2025? On an
               | app, which they have users on all over the UK.
        
             | walthamstow wrote:
             | The UK is two countries, you can either live in/around the
             | prosperous one with high cultural capital, good quality
             | public services inc transport, or you can live in the other
             | one.
        
               | anonymousDan wrote:
               | Meh. Having lived in both I much prefer the latter.
        
             | GasVeteran wrote:
             | Depends what you mean by "Quality of Life". I literally
             | won't go to see friends because that would mean travelling
             | to London. I hate the place. It is expensive, hostile,
             | dirty and everyone is rude.
             | 
             | I live on the outskirts of the peak district. I can
             | walk/cycle less than 30 minutes out of town and be walking
             | along the old canals, through old villages and get amazing
             | views of the countryside.
        
               | dukeyukey wrote:
               | To be fair I live in Zone 2 and I can be on old canals
               | and villages (albeit now subsumed into London) in ~20
               | minutes walking. I grew up in rural Wales, and as nice an
               | upbringing it was, there's a reason I have a single
               | family member left, who's trying to move away!
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | People in London probably live _nearer_ to a canal or
               | river, on average, than you do. They 're all maintained
               | nicely for walking.
               | 
               | 30-60 minutes would take many Londoners to the
               | countryside, the South Downs, Chilterns, etc.
        
               | twic wrote:
               | > everyone is rude
               | 
               | I take it you've never been to Yorkshire then?
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | It is the combination of what I described is the real
               | issue. If it was just "people are a bit rude" I
               | personally wouldn't be that worried about it.
        
             | dukeyukey wrote:
             | What makes you think QoL in London is bad? I grew up in a
             | rural farming town and much prefer London. Housing is
             | expensive but that's about it.
        
               | dzhiurgis wrote:
               | Living there for 5 years. Unless you are in finance and
               | live in city, it's a shitshow.
        
               | twic wrote:
               | I lived there as a graduate student and then as a non-
               | finance software engineer for about fifteen years. I
               | liked it, as did dozens of my friends. It's absolute
               | fantasy to call it a shitshow.
        
           | ctz wrote:
           | My impression is that top aerospace people do not now work in
           | aerospace, but in Motorsport.
        
             | zipy124 wrote:
             | motorsport is similarly low salary, at least specifically
             | F1. It is like game-dev in software in that there are far
             | more people who want to do it than the number of jobs
             | available so they can afford to pay you in the cool
             | experience of working on F1 rather than in cash terms.
        
         | nextos wrote:
         | To some extent, this also applies to software. Except for
         | DeepMind and a few other select places like Altos Labs, getting
         | past PS100k is _hard_ , especially outside London. Unless you
         | go into finance, of course. But then, you have to stick to
         | London. Finance is like a black hole that sucks a big chunk of
         | the mathematical, CS and statistical UK talent. They have very
         | proactive recruiters trying to e.g. connect with Oxbridge
         | students when they are approaching graduation.
        
           | shermantanktop wrote:
           | It's shocking. Software engineers in the UK are treated like
           | engineers in the US were in the 1960s. Low respect, low pay,
           | while city boys strutting around in shiny suits snapping
           | their fingers to get anything they want.
        
             | torginus wrote:
             | That's a weird statement considering I'd have guess the
             | greatest amount of respect and adoration (not necessarily
             | money) (non-software) engineers have gotten in the US
             | would've been during the Space Race and Cold War years.
             | 
             | It was real respect for the trade as well, not some
             | secondhand respect that people who make a lot of money and
             | wield a lot of social influence get.
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | It was respected in the sense that there was a need then
               | in american manufacturing for engineering. But the
               | compensation was nowhere near other professional class
               | jobs. So really the respect seemed a bit false: to get
               | people into the door pigeonholed so they can't leave for
               | higher compensation. Then when manufacturing was
               | outsourced after the 1960s, many of these jobs
               | disappeared. Now people in Guanzhou are designing the
               | factories and process controls.
        
             | dukeyukey wrote:
             | This isn't my experience at all, and I've been in London
             | tech for 8 years now. I'm not entirely sure what "low
             | respect" means here, but anywhere I've worked the company
             | is pretty wary of knarking of their developers because we
             | can just up and find another job basically immediately. We
             | get paid a fair bit too - not sure compared to finance, but
             | not hard to hit the 95th percentile or so.
        
           | retrac98 wrote:
           | I know plenty of engineers (web application developers)
           | making over PS100-PS150k outside of London, usually in fairly
           | low-stress remote jobs.
           | 
           | The pay is clearly nothing compared to the US, but I wouldn't
           | say it was massively hard for them to get where they are.
           | They all have 5+ years experience at a senior level, and are
           | otherwise just reliable, capable, low-maintenance employees,
           | but maybe that's rare!
        
             | GasVeteran wrote:
             | They are almost always contractors. If you work permanent
             | it tops out max at about PS75,000-90,000.
        
               | retrac98 wrote:
               | They're not, they're full time employees.
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | Then they are very few and far between. Generally the
               | absolute limit is PS90k. I've never seen any role for
               | more than 90K unless it was a company in London and those
               | are typically hybrid and not remote.
        
               | jonatron wrote:
               | The jobs above 90k generally don't specify a salary on
               | the job posting. Just two examples: Goldman Sachs and
               | Meta.
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | So like I said originally these jobs are few and far
               | between. The point is that in the UK the salaries are
               | much lower than those in the US and this is across all
               | experience ranges.
        
               | zipy124 wrote:
               | I only have the figures for end of 2018[1], but meta
               | employed around 2300 people in the UK, if we assume the
               | same distribution of jobs as elsewhere in the world about
               | half will be engineers, so 1150 engineers. There aren't
               | that many of these jobs. At goldman its a lot higher,
               | aboutn 10,000[2] globally, but they only have around
               | 3,300 employees in the Uk so if its the same ratio as
               | global (25% tech), then that means around 800 developers.
               | Again you'll note this is a very small number compared to
               | the number of top graduates a year, with class sizes of
               | 100-200 per university.
               | 
               | [1]: https://engineering.fb.com/2018/11/16/production-
               | engineering...
               | 
               | [2]: https://brainstation.io/magazine/goldman-sachs-
               | digital-team-...
               | 
               | [3]: https://www.fnlondon.com/articles/goldman-sachs-
               | internationa...
        
               | esskay wrote:
               | They're in the extreme minority. Most software dev roles
               | in the UK top out between PS40 and PS50k, PS60k if you're
               | lucky.
        
               | UK-AL wrote:
               | I am not a top software engineer( (otherwise I'd be
               | working fang tbh) and I earn 85k up north. Hybrid role
               | that's local as well.
               | 
               | I know people that earn a lot more than me.
               | 
               | It's just the recruiters are a joke and advertise silly
               | salaries from local companies that are out touch. You
               | have to know what companies are serious or not, and just
               | apply direct or via recommendations.
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | I used to work at bet365. They don't even offer that to
               | the permies (65K for Senior), if you stay there a bunch
               | of years maybe 85k is doable.
               | 
               | 365 are probably the best playing place outside of
               | Manchester in the NW. So I find this rather hard to
               | believe.
        
               | UK-AL wrote:
               | Took me about 5 seconds
               | 
               | https://www.civilservicejobs.service.gov.uk/csr/index.cgi
               | ?SI...
               | 
               | https://www.civilservicejobs.service.gov.uk/csr/index.cgi
               | ?SI...
               | 
               | Those are government, so probably have even better
               | pensions than private sector.
               | 
               | And there was job advertised for lead software engineer
               | by computer futures(probably an agency) for 80k
               | 
               | I didn't even look deep. I know there are even better
               | jobs.
               | 
               | There are jobs that pay more than 65k. Just have to know
               | where to look.
               | 
               | If you're working for undercapitalized local private
               | companies, then yeah not going pay very much.
               | 
               | I'd also recommend looking at remote jobs. My really
               | smart friends who can beat the competition got 100k+ jobs
               | working remote that are officially based in London but
               | they work up north. Then come down for meeting once or
               | twice every few months.
               | 
               | A lot of the fintechs allow for fully remote and pay
               | well.
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | We are comparing salaries of Software Engineers between
               | the US and the UK. A Senior Developer position won't pay
               | more than 90K in the UK outside of London. In the US I
               | see well over that for a Senior Developer position.
               | 
               | Even in your examples (which are higher position than
               | what was being discussed) they didn't top out past 90K
               | (just like I said). Whereas in the US you can earn much
               | more quite easily.
        
               | UK-AL wrote:
               | You've moved the goal posts. You said 60k if your lucky.
               | 
               | I just found multiple jobs that pay more than that
               | easily.
               | 
               | 85k job up north is a comparable lifestyle than 100k+ job
               | in London.
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | > You've moved the goal posts. You said 60k if your
               | lucky.
               | 
               | No I didn't. I suggest you re-read the thread. I said
               | 75K-90K max.
               | 
               | > I just found multiple jobs that pay more than that
               | easily.
               | 
               | There are always certainly outliers. However most of
               | those places usually have a bunch of iffy things going on
               | e.g. you have to live at your workstation/laptop, or they
               | are in the middle of no where. Enforced pair programming
               | (fuck that btw), or have a stupid interview process (no I
               | won't go through the humiliation rituals anymore).
               | 
               | However the vast majority of positions are paying max
               | 65-70K for a Senior Dev.
               | 
               | I am glad that _you_ managed to find something. But the
               | rest of us haven 't been as lucky.
        
               | UK-AL wrote:
               | "Most software dev roles in the UK top out between PS40
               | and PS50k, PS60k if you're lucky" was the comment I was
               | replying to.
               | 
               | But I agree we don't compete with the USA. Even London
               | struggles with that.
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | Yeh I figured that. No worries.
        
             | zipy124 wrote:
             | That is indeed very rare. A simple sanity check you can
             | look at how many people earn about 100k in the UK, we know
             | the figure for above 125k is 500,000 [1]. We can subtract
             | the number of other jobs that we know for sure pay above
             | this for example lawyers at magic circle firms which start
             | on >150k for newly qualified lawyers, consultants in the
             | NHS, directors of large corportaions, and we end up with a
             | very small amount of people in other industries that earn
             | these figures. Even before that we know the median is about
             | PS50k, and I can tell you from experience you can hire very
             | very good software people on those wages, even in London.
             | 
             | From personal experience, I also know of software guys
             | making that, but I also know far far more people earning
             | below that, and these are oxford/cambridge/imperial/UCL
             | grads....
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/personal-
             | incomes-st...
        
               | Macha wrote:
               | > and these are oxford/cambridge/imperial/UCL grads.
               | 
               | There are many bad things we can say about software
               | hiring, but one of the good things is that (outside the
               | US at least), it's much more concerned with what you can
               | do than the name recognition of the institution where you
               | studied.
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | The US isn't that focused on elite schools. It's only in
               | the VC/startup bubble where bias exists. Most tech grads
               | don't go to those schools.
        
             | twic wrote:
             | Just want to echo the other replies and say i think this is
             | rare. It happens, but it's rare. I have >15 years
             | experience, and currently work in finance making plenty. A
             | while ago, i spoke to a recruiter about opportunities
             | outside finance; everything he had topped out at ~90k for
             | engineers, a bit higher for team leads.
             | 
             | But then, i also have friends working at a few non-finance
             | companies on 100-150k. Small places, willing to pay for
             | quality. Seems to be unusual though!
        
         | syntaxing wrote:
         | Was a MechE for 10 years here in the US and now I'm a SWE. Even
         | here, no one cares about hardware engineers. Don't get me
         | wrong, you can make enough to be "comfortable". But
         | anecdotally, maybe 10% of MechE do design. 10% of that are paid
         | handsomely to be in tech and are "Product Designers". Even
         | then, almost every tech company want to be a predominantly
         | software company. They just happen to need hardware to execute
         | their product. Admittedly, it's really hard to do hardware in
         | this economy when one country has 60% of the global
         | manufacturing output and can copy your design, make it cheaper,
         | and make it better. Ironically, the biggest dividing line that
         | makes a hardware product better is good software.
        
           | wakawaka28 wrote:
           | That's what happens when there is not much manufacturing in
           | the country anymore, and everyone is encouraged to go to
           | college. I don't know why the software industry hasn't
           | suffered more along the same lines. Maybe the profit margins
           | for software are higher.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | >Maybe the profit margins for software are higher.
             | 
             | This is easily confirmed by checking public financials of
             | publicly listed companies. The profit margins are much
             | higher, and the liability is much lower. The only exception
             | is for those hardware manufacturers at the cutting edge
             | whose products cannot be commodified, such as TSMC and ASML
             | and the ilk.
        
             | Brybry wrote:
             | The U.S. is still the second largest manufacturer in the
             | world by a large margin [1][2]
             | 
             | Like, yes, manufacturing's % of US GDP is low (and has been
             | decreasing for a long time) and manufacturing employment is
             | flat or slowly increasing but we're still making a _lot_ of
             | stuff.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.nist.gov/el/applied-economics-
             | office/manufacturi...
             | 
             | [2] https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-
             | rankings/manufactu...
        
               | wakawaka28 wrote:
               | I don't think we make a lot of stuff but we do make some
               | of the most expensive stuff. So a lot of stats really
               | don't reflect how unbalanced our trade is in real terms.
        
             | marsRoverDev wrote:
             | I've been told that acceptable software margins are around
             | 75%. Hardware focused yields closer to 20%-40%. Hence why
             | there is such a strong push towards software-only.
        
             | nine_k wrote:
             | Production of software is nearly 100% R&D. Making a million
             | copies of a software product has a trivial cost. There are
             | no assembly line workers in software (and the very word
             | "assembly" means a different thing). A software engineer
             | very often brings in revenue many times their salary.
             | 
             | Production of hardware is some R&D, and then actual
             | manufacturing. Production of each physical item costs you.
             | Production of every physical item has a chance to go wrong.
             | Production of each physical item requires a number of
             | humans (often a large number) to do repetitive, high-
             | precision, high-skill work, as fast as practical. You can
             | augment or replace some of them with robots but it also
             | costs you, and you can't replace all the humans with
             | satisfactory results.
             | 
             | So, with hardware, the cost of the workforce plays a major
             | role, while with software it does much less. To produce
             | physical things, you need a lot of people who are not well-
             | off, and for whom factory work is an upgrade of their
             | financial and social standing. A "developing country", with
             | huge swaths of population leaving rural life for a better
             | city life and factory work, is best in this regard. Ideally
             | you sell your product to richer folks, maybe outside the
             | country of production.
             | 
             | Of course there can be situations where the workers are
             | highly paid, and produce very valuable things through their
             | skilled work. Ford in 1950s famously paid the assembly line
             | workers very well, so that they could buy the cars they
             | produce, and valued their employment. But this does not
             | always occur; people doing work that does not add a lot of
             | resale value also want to live well, especially if the
             | society does not want a flood of immigrants who are willing
             | to work for much less. Check out how much the work of a
             | plumber costs in Switzerland. So only high-precision, high-
             | margin, low-volume manufacturing remains in Switzerland,
             | such as precision optics, precision industrial and medical
             | equipment, or premium mechanical Swiss watches. The US is
             | in a somehow similar situation.
        
               | raverbashing wrote:
               | > Production of software is nearly 100% R&D. Making a
               | million copies of a software product has a trivial cost.
               | 
               | > Production of hardware is some R&D, and then actual
               | manufacturing
               | 
               | Totally. And if you think deployment errors are bad, wait
               | until you see how many production errors exist and how
               | many items out of your line come out working and within
               | spec
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | Indeed. You cannot release a patch for a mechanical part
               | or a PCB.
        
               | zmgsabst wrote:
               | You can and people do.
               | 
               | It's just a lot more expensive and labor intensive to
               | apply.
        
               | moregrist wrote:
               | For a PCB it's called a rework, and it's very common for
               | first spins of boards to have to do one.
               | 
               | Also common is to patch around issues, when possible, in
               | firmware. This is often lower cost/effort, but can't fix
               | everything.
               | 
               | There are similar kinds of fixes for purely mechanical
               | parts. Depending on the part and problem, mechanical can
               | be easier than a PCB rework (eg: modify a part in CAD and
               | 3D print or get your local machine shop to do a run).
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | You just release a new version. How many xbox 360s did
               | they actually release? I think its close to a dozen
               | iterations.
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | > You cannot release a patch for a mechanical part
               | 
               | In NATO, this is frequent and normal. Many, many
               | "recalls" are issued by military manfacturers, then local
               | support staff spend X hours to replace the defective
               | part. It is not _so_ different from automobile recalls.
        
               | raverbashing wrote:
               | Correct. Also the economics of a mechanical patch are
               | favourable for something in the M$ range with a fix
               | costing in the 10k$ to 100k$ range
        
               | torginus wrote:
               | Yeah I remember one of my friends working for a German
               | auto company during the 2008 financial crisis and having
               | insane stuff routinely happen like an auto manufacturer
               | having to buy truckloads of sensors from a subcontractor
               | that had nowhere to go as car manufacturing lines were
               | stopped.
               | 
               | Failing to do so would have meant these manufacturers
               | would go under, (along with their own subcontractors) and
               | once demand shot back up, cars would be literally
               | impossible to manufacture as key suppliers went out of
               | business.
        
               | foobazgt wrote:
               | This all resonates very strongly with me. We have tons of
               | automation - the proverbial "economies of scale", but we
               | haven't managed to solve the last mile.
               | 
               | Auto assembly seems like a poster child. There's wild
               | automation going on, but the typical plant still requires
               | thousands of employees doing things by hand. Musk tried
               | to automate a lot more of this away with newer/better
               | robotics, but failed. (Tesla has still achieved a lot
               | here, but it's been more towards creating designs that
               | are more amenable to the current state of robotics).
               | 
               | IMO, this problem should be solvable _now_. I.E. we don
               | 't need "new physics" to reach another step-function in
               | automation. We need more investment. We're still largely
               | in the mindset of "special-purpose" automation.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | I disagree very slightly. Mostly with this part:
               | 
               | >So, with hardware, the cost of the workforce plays a
               | major role, while with software it does much less. To
               | produce physical things, you need a lot of people who are
               | not well-off, and for whom factory work is an upgrade of
               | their financial and social standing. A "developing
               | country", with huge swaths of population leaving rural
               | life for a better city life and factory work, is best in
               | this regard. Ideally you sell your product to richer
               | folks, maybe outside the country of production.
               | 
               | You don't need a lot of people who are not well-off. You
               | can automate the entire process. The problem with
               | automation and labor saving technology is that it is
               | capital intensive. The higher the capital investment per
               | job (higher capital intensity), the bigger the chunk of
               | money that flows to capital rather than labor.
               | 
               | This means that the cost of the workforce in a software
               | company plays a bigger role than in a hardware company,
               | where financing costs to pay for labor saving technology
               | play a bigger role.
               | 
               | There are mining companies in Africa, who have nothing
               | but an army of people equipped with shovels digging a
               | small scale open pit mine. There is no way the labor cost
               | here is the biggest constraint. An excavator and wheel
               | loader could accomplish more with less people, but it
               | would mean getting a USD loan to import foreign equipment
               | and then selling for export to pay the foreign debts,
               | rather than local production.
        
             | CraigJPerry wrote:
             | Interesting that you say that, my understand of the data is
             | that manufacturing output has never been higher - ignoring
             | lingering Covid shocks -
             | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/IPMANSICS
             | 
             | But because productivity is higher
             | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M0100CUSM070NNBR - which
             | doesn't mean the workers are working harder: a man with a
             | shovel can work as hard as he likes, but he's never going
             | to compete with the business owner who invested in
             | productivity and gave his worker an excavator.
             | 
             | Therefore employment in the sector is down due to increased
             | productivity, not decreased output.
             | 
             | But increased productivity is a radically different thing
             | from decreased output. A claim that manufacturing should
             | employ more, in the face of increased productivity, That's
             | a claim that manufacturing should replace other endeavours
             | in the economy which, is a complex claim at the very least.
        
               | concerndc1tizen wrote:
               | Nice charts, but M0100CUSM070NNBR is from 1948 to 1963 :)
        
               | CraigJPerry wrote:
               | Eh, well, this is a bit embarrassing! On mobile, I can't
               | local a chart that covers the post war until now, best I
               | can find is https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/OUTMS
               | which shows late 80s onwards BUT shows a drop at 2008
               | onwards which goes against my argument (notwithstanding
               | the big gap between both charts)
        
               | wakawaka28 wrote:
               | The nominal value of highly automated processes has never
               | been higher. Meanwhile, ordinary people are not able to
               | find as many good jobs as they once did. Wages in almost
               | every industry are stagnant at best, at least when
               | adjusted for inflation.
               | 
               | >A claim that manufacturing should employ more, in the
               | face of increased productivity, That's a claim that
               | manufacturing should replace other endeavours in the
               | economy which, is a complex claim at the very least.
               | 
               | It is a complex claim but I'll make it really simple. We
               | import most of the things we rely on. Everything from
               | plastic toys to car parts to critical medicines are all
               | imported. Letting yourself become totally dependent on
               | other countries while our STEM grads are underemployed,
               | and would-be manufacturing line workers are forced to do
               | bullshit like driving for Uber, is no way to run a
               | country. It is going to backfire one day unless there is
               | a major reversal in the trend.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Engineers are not ordinary jobs though and so the plite
               | of the 'common man' is irrelavent.
        
               | wakawaka28 wrote:
               | You can't have so many engineer jobs unless you have
               | manufacturing, and if you did have manufacturing then
               | there would be "common man" manufacturing jobs too. It's
               | all connected. Every job market that is really critical
               | for national security is depressed by this outsourcing
               | and importation of cheaper goods and labor.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | because of automation there is often a lot more
               | engineering jobs. one 'man' with a laser cutter can do
               | the work of 50 with saws.
        
               | wakawaka28 wrote:
               | Sure, but when you don't even have the automated process
               | within your country then there are approximately zero
               | jobs created of any kind. The Chinese own their own
               | factories and make much of their own manufacturing
               | equipment, even exporting some of it. We should be
               | producing more of our own stuff and creating meaningful
               | jobs for our citizens. Working on an assembly line or as
               | a maintenance worker in a factory might strike some
               | people as menial, but the alternatives for people with
               | the same level of education are mostly worse.
        
             | petesergeant wrote:
             | > I don't know why the software industry hasn't suffered
             | more along the same lines
             | 
             | Growth of the software industry isn't constrained by the
             | cost of capital
        
         | linhns wrote:
         | In the end, it's a results business. Software just get higher
         | pay earlier in the career so people will have to go for it.
        
         | thijson wrote:
         | It seems like the salaries quoted here haven't changed much in
         | the past couple of decades. It's a shame. I know in the past
         | there was a brain drain of talent from the UK to Canada due to
         | the salary disparity. Here's an example:
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Matthews
         | 
         | And in general engineering jobs in Canada don't even pay as
         | well as in the USA.
        
         | devnullbrain wrote:
         | Been there, done that. I still frequently get sent Linkedin
         | specs for companies where the hardware team lead is earning
         | junior SWE money. _UK_ junior SWE money.
        
         | coastermug wrote:
         | I am a former Mech Eng who trod this path. Started at JLR,
         | moved by self teaching into software. Engineering in the UK
         | felt like it moved at a glacial pace that only made sense in
         | the days of final salary pension schemes. Senior management
         | really struggled to get their heads around why young people
         | were so impatient, but we were not competing for the same
         | rewards.
        
         | youngtaff wrote:
         | Coventry is hardly the middle of nowhere
        
           | eastabrooka wrote:
           | Yeah but then you have to be in Coventry
        
           | twic wrote:
           | Coventry is the capital of nowhere.
        
             | youngtaff wrote:
             | 60 mins from central London, 20 mins from central
             | Birmingham
        
         | zipy124 wrote:
         | I even know a decent amount of people who did engineering at
         | the top unis in the UK, only to go into audit at the big 4....
        
         | esskay wrote:
         | Hey now you could also go and work for Airbus...but it does
         | mean having to go to Stevenage, as well as getting terrible
         | pay.
        
           | kitd wrote:
           | Double whammy lol
        
           | rjsw wrote:
           | A friend works for Airbus Germany but at Warton, lives in a
           | nice bit of Bolton.
        
         | louthy wrote:
         | > Rolls Royce in the middle of nowhere
         | 
         | 100 miles north of London. 1 hour on the train.
         | 
         | > Jaguar Land Rover in the middle of nowhere
         | 
         | 100 miles north of London. 1 hour on the train.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | Bit of a distance to go for a pint in the evening.
           | 
           | Isn't JLR in Solihull? That's two hours from London.
        
             | louthy wrote:
             | > Isn't JLR in Solihull? That's two hours from London.
             | 
             | Not 100% sure, I'm from the middle of nowhere, sorry, Derby
             | - where Rolls Royce is primarily based. I know there's
             | peak-time, non-stop, trains between London/Derby that take
             | about an hour. I know this because when I got my first job
             | in London, I still hadn't found a place to stay, so I was
             | commuting from Derby to London every day. And when I
             | finally moved to London it took me almost as long to get to
             | work even though I was living in the city!
             | 
             | I just assumed with JLR being around Birmingham that travel
             | to/from London would be about the same (because Birmingham
             | is very close to Derby).
             | 
             | EDIT: Just checked with trainline.com, there's several
             | morning trains from London Euston to Birmingham (New
             | Street) that take 1hr 17mins.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | It's 89 minutes minimum from Derby to London. The fastest
               | trains stop once, in Leicester.
               | 
               | It's also PS135 off-peak return, so a night out in
               | Birmingham might be more appealing.
        
               | twic wrote:
               | Pints are about a quarter the price too!
        
       | rwmj wrote:
       | Fully agree on all except this point:
       | 
       |  _> "UK's small market limits growth."_
       | 
       | (followed by a list of companies founded before we put up trade
       | barriers with our largest and closest single market)
        
         | Discordian93 wrote:
         | Not that I disagree that Brexit was an awful idea, but this was
         | a problem even before Brexit. The reach of European companies
         | just isn't what it used to be in the face of American and
         | Chinese giants, and the EU is failing to be a truly single
         | market where companies can grow to that scale.
        
       | marbro wrote:
       | Why don't all British hardware engineers move to the United
       | States? What keeps them in Britain?
        
         | david-gpu wrote:
         | Family and friends.
        
         | LAC-Tech wrote:
         | Visas are not a pleasant thing to deal with.
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | It's practically very difficult to move to the US. Getting a
         | visa is hard even in the best case (with a helpful sponsor).
         | And if you're in any way settled in the UK (partner, house,
         | possessions, etc) then you've got multiple other problems to
         | solve.
        
           | jebarker wrote:
           | > partner, house, possessions, etc) - then you've got
           | multiple other problems to solve
           | 
           | I get the intent, but this made me laugh
        
         | corimaith wrote:
         | Immigrating to USA is hard, probably one of the hardest because
         | competition is so high. Tbh I'd recommend going someplace like
         | Hong Kong whose government is starved for talent and pays
         | similar when balancing for tax but similar social services.
        
         | nicoburns wrote:
         | Aside from non-economic reasons why one may wish to remain in
         | one's home country, it is not easy to get a work visa for the
         | US.
        
         | Discordian93 wrote:
         | It's not that easy to get a work permit in the US unless you're
         | truly exceptional or marry an American.
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | My cousin (an American living and working in France) married
           | a guy originally from Morocco. After eventually realizing
           | that they might want to move to the US, they couldn't,
           | because he couldn't get a visa.
           | 
           | It would have taken quite a bit of time- my cousin would have
           | had to move back to the US first, established residence, and
           | gotten a job and some other requirements. Only then could
           | they have qualified to apply, and the wait time for the
           | application to be approved would be in the 9-14 months range.
           | 
           | Once they applied, he could have moved here with her, but not
           | gotten a job, I think, until the application for the visa was
           | approved.
           | 
           | Ultimately, they opted to go a different route.
        
             | cyberax wrote:
             | > It would have taken quite a bit of time- my cousin would
             | have had to move back to the US first, established
             | residence, and gotten a job and some other requirements.
             | 
             | That's strange. A spouse green card doesn't require the
             | residence and there is no wait time for the spouses of US
             | Citizens. However, the processing time (especially via
             | consular processing) is ridiculous, around 2 years now.
        
         | blopp99 wrote:
         | Don't they suffer from the same H1B restrictions?
        
         | aylmao wrote:
         | Some people don't focus primarily on the money. When that's the
         | case, many things (love, pride, comfort, dreams, fears, etc)
         | might keep someone from moving.
        
         | wenc wrote:
         | Ironically, other countries (former British colonies) have more
         | access to US "specialty occupation" working visas than the UK
         | does -- none of these are H1-B.
         | 
         | Canadians and Mexicans have TN, Australians have E3, Singapore
         | and Chile have H-1B1 (a subcategory of H1-B but with its own
         | quotas).
         | 
         | https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary...
         | 
         | Most foreign engineers in the US (outside of H-1Bs) are
         | actually Canadians.
         | 
         | But there are no easy visas for the UK.
        
           | akomtu wrote:
           | It's not surprising in the light what the US celebrates on
           | the 4th of July.
        
             | wenc wrote:
             | I have to correct myself slightly -- the Brit engineers I
             | do meet in the US often come here on an L1A/L1B intra-
             | company transfer from a British subsidiary. So that's one
             | path.
             | 
             | But yes, the visa path for UK citizen to accept a direct
             | job offer is much more limited.
        
         | jameshart wrote:
         | It's not obvious that the US is necessarily a better place to
         | 'do hardware' than the UK for them anyway.
         | 
         | Plus if you're a UK-based person with a STEM background, the
         | fintech industry will pay you a lot of money if you're willing
         | to do their dirty work.
        
         | gazchop wrote:
         | Hardware engineer here, from a qualification perspective. I
         | worked for a large American defence company and was invited to
         | work in the US. I declined.
         | 
         | The work culture, social and economic stability are terrible.
         | Education is expensive or poor. Regulation and standards are
         | poor. Not a good place to bring up a family.
        
         | IneffablePigeon wrote:
         | Not wanting to live in the United States, I would venture.
        
         | nsteel wrote:
         | I'm a British-American hardware engineer, I've lived in the UK
         | nearly all my life. I've a home, and a family with kids here,
         | I'm very settled. I've had plenty opportunity to move to the
         | US, even before I had a family (with my current employer or
         | under my own steam as a citizen) and I've no interest. I visit
         | the US every few years and by the end of the trip I'm very much
         | done with it all. Other than the much larger job market, I
         | don't think there's a single US thing I want. Everything we
         | have here is either better, or I'm sufficiently used to it.
         | American is an unappealing place to live for many social
         | reasons, I'd much rather move to France or Germany if I had to
         | leave (and wasn't worried about the language barriers).
        
         | JonChesterfield wrote:
         | I'm under the impression that tech people working in the US on
         | visas are exploited. The end of year review / firing round
         | which is so popular in the US means you can lose your job,
         | which means you lose your visa, and you get something like 4
         | weeks to land a replacement or have to move out of the country.
         | 
         | At 20? Sure, who cares. If you've got a house, kids in a local
         | school? The level of stress about being abruptly thrown out of
         | the country seems untenable.
         | 
         | I would expect that dynamic to suppress wages for immigrants
         | (as you have fear to keep them in line instead). Healthcare
         | seems to be similarly set up to frighten people into staying in
         | their current employment.
         | 
         | This perspective might not be accurate, but it's why this
         | British engineer is unwilling to move to the US.
        
           | wenc wrote:
           | You're not wrong, but immigrants from other places are
           | willing to take that risk with their families. This
           | insecurity, for better or for worse, selects for a type of
           | hungry immigrant who are also risk-takers, for whom the push
           | of their own country overrides the risks.
           | 
           | (Don't get me wrong -- I'm not condoning it -- US immigration
           | is really wanting. I'm just remarking on its 2nd order
           | effects).
           | 
           | If you grew up with European norms, it might feel like
           | exploitation. But for others seeking opportunity or fleeing
           | poverty, it's a good trade off.
           | 
           | I've been studying the history of early emigration lately.
           | Seems to me that outside of those who didn't have the means
           | to leave, the Brits who were more upper class stayed home
           | because they were happy enough with the status quo. It's the
           | more blue collar Brits who had less to lose that went over to
           | the new world. And America was built by the latter group.
           | 
           | (Canada OTOH was initially populated by the Brits who went
           | over to the new world, but were happy with the status quo of
           | being Brits i.e. the United Empire Loyalists. That's why
           | Canadians today are just a little more risk-averse than
           | Americans. Source: I'm Canadian).
        
       | blibble wrote:
       | you can do worse than creating credit reports
       | 
       | they could be figuring out how to get people to click on ads
        
         | robertlagrant wrote:
         | Ads only work because there are useful products to buy. They're
         | a sadly necessary indicator of a productive economy.
        
           | idhegeu wrote:
           | The fact that ads work doesn't mean that they're beneficial
           | to the economy.
           | 
           | I disagree with the premise that non-human entities are
           | entitled to my attention.
        
             | robertlagrant wrote:
             | > I disagree with the premise that non-human entities are
             | entitled to my attention.
             | 
             | I tried that but the cop said it was still speeding even if
             | I refused to acknowledge the speed limit sign.
        
               | idhegeu wrote:
               | Fair enough, I'll add some nuance. The government that I
               | am a citizen of is a special case of a non-human entity,
               | they do have entitlement to my property (which includes
               | my attention).
               | 
               | Traffic signs put up by my government are different than
               | billboards put up by a company. The former is to protect
               | me, the latter is to exploit me.
        
       | poisonwomb wrote:
       | The UK as a society doesn't care about anything related to
       | industrial production because it is ideologically opposed to
       | anything resembling an industrial working class.
       | 
       | Skilled jobs are anathema to the ethos of the people in charge of
       | the UK's industrial policy - who have never held a skilled job in
       | their life - as they would prefer everyone to be a backbiting,
       | striving social climber like them, either moving money around of
       | gumming up the system with endless bureaucracy.
       | 
       | This trend is exhibited in many of the 'developed' economies but
       | it is particularly strong in the UK, a country fooling itself
       | with delusions of grandeur while, like Wilde's picture, its
       | foundations gnarl and ossify and crumble, like dust into the
       | dustpan of history. Next...
        
         | LarsDu88 wrote:
         | I don't think the UK is allergic to industry, it just got worse
         | and worse at manufacturing relative to other countries after
         | WW2.
         | 
         | Just look at the UK's automobile industry... terrible quality..
         | terrible reliability, particularly in electrical components
         | until the whole thing collapsed.
        
           | hyperold wrote:
           | The general attitude that manufacturing is only for people
           | who suck at school is the driving force behind this decline.
           | You are indeed left with mostly not-that-bright guys who
           | don't even consider themselves skilled workers, and
           | definitely don't go the extra mile to produce quality stuff.
           | A guy half-assing his work earns just as much as the guy who
           | puts his heart to it, that's the harsh reality of modern
           | industrial work. If anything the guy who cares too much is
           | ridiculed and considered weird.
           | 
           | The exceptional craftsmen still exist but they mostly work
           | for themselves, for obvious reasons. They really don't want
           | to be "managed" and bossed around like cattle.
        
         | jacknews wrote:
         | I'm not sure I agree with the tone of this, but imho it's
         | definitely true that British culture views STEM people as just
         | a bunch of nerds ('boffins') to be told what to do, and not
         | really trusted, wheras the 'important' serious people are all
         | 'media' types; politics, sales and marketing, people-people.
         | 
         | Probably true to some extent the world over, but especially
         | malignant in UK, as you say. It wouldn't be so bad if the UK's
         | executives had a track record of excellence, but they are
         | generally abysmal.
        
       | justin66 wrote:
       | Aren't hardware salaries outside California basically shit even
       | in the US?
        
         | trollbridge wrote:
         | Not that bad. Engineers in "flyover country" where I am seem to
         | easily exceed six figures.
         | 
         | My town has, ironically, a formerly British-owned firm (since
         | bought out Berkshire Hathaway) that not only has six-figure
         | engineering jobs, but shop floor jobs that are union and
         | starting pay is $25/hr for unskilled - electrician and so on
         | start higher, $30/hr, and only go up from there. The UK
         | operations are still going, but engineering has largely moved
         | to the U.S. (which is a bit of a puzzle, since apparently
         | engineers in the UK can be had much more cheaply).
        
           | xxpor wrote:
           | >Engineers in "flyover country" where I am seem to easily
           | exceed six figures.
           | 
           | So do brand new software grads
        
             | justin66 wrote:
             | New "software" grads? Easily? Today? In flyover country?
             | I'm not seeing it. Salaries got a nice bump over the last
             | few years, but hiring has slowed down and new grads are the
             | first to suffer. (and some of what you see when people on
             | forums like this one talk about what they're paid is
             | bullshit, for some reason)
        
               | rcbdev wrote:
               | You seem to overestimate the engineering supply in Des
               | Moines.
        
               | justin66 wrote:
               | Maybe? If you're in the area - would it be fair to
               | characterize entry level software development jobs in Des
               | Moines as "easily exceeding six figures?" I took a quick
               | and lazy peek at a job site and I didn't feel like there
               | were enough jobs to even make a judgment. (my filter
               | brought up some Epic Systems jobs with no salary listings
               | and some other stuff that is well below six figures)
        
       | r_thambapillai wrote:
       | As a Brit, when I was raising the seed round for my startup, UK
       | and European VCs would consistently try to haggle you down on
       | price while the American VC's were exclusively focussed on trying
       | to figure out whether this could be a billion dollar business or
       | not (in the end we raised a $5m seed led by Spark, and have done
       | extremely well and raised more since).
       | 
       | The UK lost Deep Mind - which could have been OpenAI!! -- to
       | Google. I think part of the issue is cultural - the level of
       | ambition in the UK is just small compared to the US. Individual
       | founders like Demis or Tom Blomfield may have it but recruiting
       | enough talent with the ambition levels of early Palantir or
       | OpenAI employees is so hard because there are so few. Instead, a
       | lot of extremely smart people in the UK would rather get the
       | 'safe' job at Google, or McKinsey than the 'this will never work
       | but can you imagine how cool it would be if it did' job at a
       | startup.
       | 
       | There are probably political reasons as well. Unfortunately the
       | UK has not been well governed for 20 years or so, and hence
       | economic outcomes as a whole have been abysmal.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | > Unfortunately the UK has not been...
         | 
         | 20 years, or 112 years?
         | 
         | Consider just _how_ far the UK 's place in the world fell
         | between 1911 (George V ascended to the throne of _the_ global
         | superpower; his Royal Navy was launching 2 to 4 new capital
         | ships _per year_ ) and 1948 (3 years after "winning" WWII - and
         | basics such as food, clothing, and gasoline were _still_
         | strictly rationed).
        
           | r_thambapillai wrote:
           | Very true, although I suppose a significant fraction of the
           | decline at that time might be a result of the end of the
           | Empire, which given that there are simply no such successful
           | Empires anywhere in the world anymore was almost certainly
           | inevitable.
           | 
           | By comparison, the performance of the UK in the last 20 years
           | vs the US or the Nordics is a singular tragedy.
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | > there are simply no such successful Empires anywhere in
             | the world anymore
             | 
             | There is the US not-an-Empire [0] though, that'll probably
             | count when the history books reflect on the present era.
             | WWI/II can very easily be interpreted as a transition of
             | power away from incompetent British leadership (indeed,
             | European monarchies - the change pre- post- WWI is
             | striking) towards more capable US-based leadership.
             | 
             | It isn't clear UK public ever really grappled how
             | insufficient their leadership theory is. Their acceptance
             | of poor performers over the last 20+ years has been
             | striking although it is mirrored by low standards in the
             | US.
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_military
             | _inst...
        
               | insane_dreamer wrote:
               | I think it was more about economics than competency.
               | 
               | By the end of WW2 the UK was bankrupt and completely
               | ruined economically, while the US had become the
               | industrial powerhouse of the world thanks to abundant
               | resources, manpower, and the fact that the war largely
               | took place far from its borders (a few tiny islands
               | notwithstanding). By the end of WW2 the US owned nearly
               | all the gold that Europe previously owned which led to
               | the US Dollar the worldwide reserve currency.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | If the UK wants to pretend that WW2 (or, indeed, WW1)
               | happened like a shock storm, unforseen and unforseeable,
               | with no involvement from them they are welcome to do
               | that. The result of that attitude was that the UK
               | parliament was only allowed to govern a small and
               | increasingly irrelevant island with lousy weather and
               | steadily worsening economic prospects instead of a global
               | empire.
               | 
               | There is a lesson for people governing global empires
               | here - don't allow major wars to blow up on your borders.
               | Or, ideally, anywhere. Maybe spend some time promoting
               | peace and prosperity. Train the diplomats in diplomacy.
               | 
               | You'll notice that the US solution at the end of WWII was
               | completely different to the European settlement at the
               | end of WWI. And the US approach to warring was a lot more
               | staid than the UK's. These are basic matters of
               | competence.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | Indeed. Choose peace if possible instead of rushing into
               | war. Nothing that happened in the Balkans was important
               | to the UK.
        
               | WillPostForFood wrote:
               | Nothing important Sudetenland, nothing important in
               | Austria, nothing important in Poland. They tried your
               | strategy in the 30s and it was not a success.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | Are the Sudetenland, Austria, and Poland in the Balkans?
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | Possibly Balkans themselves were not important. The trade
               | routes in Mediterranean likely were.
               | 
               | Also, there was a complex web of international treaties
               | and alliances that eventually pulled the UK into the war.
        
               | insane_dreamer wrote:
               | This was back in the day when alliances, particularly
               | European ones, meant something.
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | Also, family ties. European monarchs were a really tight
               | bunch. For instance, the tzar of Russia and the king of
               | the British Empire at the time of WWI were brothers.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | > For instance, the tzar of Russia and the king of the
               | British Empire at the time of WWI were brothers.
               | 
               | They were first cousins, along with the German Kaiser
               | they went to war with.
        
               | insane_dreamer wrote:
               | Some fair points, but remember that the US had the
               | benefit of knowing that post-WW1 settlement was a
               | failure. Of course, Wilson did object to the conditions
               | of the Treaty of Versailles, so it's fair to say the US
               | had a better perspective from the start -- though one can
               | argue that the US' own failure to ratify the League of
               | Nations was a contributing factor to WW2.
               | 
               | Another key factor is that the US had no empire to hold
               | together, and, to its credit, wisely did not seek to
               | expand its territory after WW2 in order to create one
               | (which it could have easily done, and which the UK had
               | done many times before).
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | The us wants at the end of wwi were similar to what we
               | got with wwii.
        
               | switch007 wrote:
               | How do you get the land for your empire to begin with,
               | with peace and diplomacy? I guess war is a hard habit to
               | break
        
               | timthorn wrote:
               | British weather is great. Enough rain to keep the land
               | green and pleasant, temperatures that don't get too hot
               | nor too cold - the very definition of temperate.
        
               | switch007 wrote:
               | We aren't without our annoying and extreme weather
               | though. Eg in the north of England last week it was -10c
               | for a few nights and a week of 0/1c daytime temperatures
               | with a biting wind chill. Before that was heavy snow and
               | ice.
               | 
               | Heat waves up to 35-38c aren't unheard of. Our houses
               | aren't built for this so a heatwave is quite
               | uncomfortable as houses stay 20-25c overnight
               | 
               | Plenty of flooding in various parts
               | 
               | This autumn and winter has seen a lot of storms
               | 
               | The south fares much better of course and without as much
               | flooding
        
               | CapeTheory wrote:
               | I have a solid sheet of grey clouds over my head for what
               | feels like 300 days of the year - would happily take some
               | of that variability!
        
               | nobodywillobsrv wrote:
               | It's interesting that incompetence ... Fabians started in
               | 1884 and a lot of insanely destructive ideas seem to
               | defend from those circles. We don't have the great leap
               | forward it's slower but something as bad on a longer
               | timescale
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | Yep. UK had post-war rationing longer than Germany did!
               | Fabians were largely to blame for this state of affairs.
               | UK caught back up, just about, in the 1980s, but the
               | Conservatives went to seed at the start of the 90s and
               | never really got fixed. It's the oldest political party
               | in the world so it took a long time for people to give up
               | on them but that's now finally happening.
               | 
               | Unfortunately the smear tactics against Farage over the
               | years have been quite successful especially against the
               | older generation that relies more heavily on TV for news.
               | UK might face another election where the right splits
               | their vote and Labour walk in again. Many decades of
               | decline would be compounded at that point, putting the UK
               | into more of a second world position.
        
               | dukeyukey wrote:
               | > Their acceptance of poor performers over the last 20+
               | years has been striking
               | 
               | How many PMs has the UK been though in that time? _Way_
               | more than the average Western country. We don't accept
               | poor oerformers more than anywhere else, we kick them out
               | of office - but the talent pipeline is abysmal so the
               | next one is usually awful too.
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | I'd say ruin - in great part from the costs of two World
             | Wars - came before the end of the Empire. Wikipedia notes
             | of WWII - "Britain was left essentially bankrupt, with
             | insolvency only averted in 1946 after the negotiation of a
             | US$3.75 billion loan from the United States". Vs. the
             | Partition and dissolution of the British Raj were in 1947.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Most of the world's gold was in the US by the end of the
               | war.
               | 
               | The flow of gold into the US starting in 1933 is thought
               | to be why the Great Depression was moderating so much
               | there and then: the money supply was inflating.
        
             | graemep wrote:
             | Not greatly different from Germany or Nordic countries, or
             | EU average, and better than France or Japan.
             | 
             | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-
             | worldbank?...
             | 
             | Its a Europe wide problem.
        
               | blitzar wrote:
               | Switching to % change - EU beats US.
               | 
               | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-
               | worldbank?...
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | That is a better graph, but the conclusion I would draw
               | is much the same.
               | 
               | The EU gets a boost from the inclusion of Eastern
               | European economies that have been fast growing from a
               | lower base.
               | 
               | If you compare the US and the UK to the four biggest EU
               | economies, the US is doing best by far, and the UK is
               | doing better than three and worse than one:
               | 
               | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-
               | worldbank?...
        
               | marcinzm wrote:
               | If that's adjusted for cost of living and inflation then
               | isn't that hiding the actual economic changes? If GDP
               | falls then cost of living would likely go down and vice
               | versa.
        
           | throwaway48476 wrote:
           | They spent the wealth of empire fighting a war and achieved
           | what exactly? They would have been better off losing. Crazy
           | when you think about it.
        
             | WillPostForFood wrote:
             | _They would have been better off losing. Crazy when you
             | think about it._
             | 
             | Better if they had let the Nazis won and ruled the UK? WTF?
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | That was never going to happen. And the Nazis didn't
               | exist in 1914.
        
               | twixfel wrote:
               | Nah the Germans were militaristic arseholes in 1914 too.
        
             | mike_hearn wrote:
             | Just so everyone is clear, the Nazi plan for what to do
             | with an occupied Britain was to enslave large parts of
             | population, to completely erase Britain as a country, and
             | they also considered mass deportations of the native
             | population. "Better off losing" is not really supportable
             | under any reading of the historical evidence.
        
               | hackandthink wrote:
               | Hitler admired the British Empire.
               | 
               | https://www.quora.com/What-was-Hitlers-opinion-of-the-
               | Britis...
        
           | adityamwagh wrote:
           | UK also had a lot of colonies that contributed to their
           | growth.
        
             | dukeyukey wrote:
             | It's thought that most European colonies actually stymied
             | growth in their home countries.
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | Yes, "winning" as in not being completely destroyed,
           | occupied, and maybe even enslaved. Check out what Poland
           | looked like in 1940 when it lost, or what Germany looked like
           | in 1945, or, well, 1949.
           | 
           | USSR was also terribly battered by WWII, and its leadership
           | was not highly competent either; I'd say both parameters were
           | much worse than UK's. But it managed to remain a large empire
           | with a high economic potential, and UK could not.
        
             | Xmd5a wrote:
             | >USSR was also terribly battered by WWII, and its
             | leadership was not highly competent either
             | 
             | The USSR moved all its industry eastward, as the German
             | army advanced, waiting for the very last moment to do so.
             | Quite an incredible feat that allowed them to beat Germany
             | at industrial efficiency and secure victory.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuation_in_the_Soviet_Unio
             | n
             | 
             | Here's an analysis of the mechanisms underpinning this kind
             | of achievement according to a Russian mathematician:
             | 
             | >One of the fathers of synergetics, G. Haken, in his
             | article [9], recalls the following story from the Ancient
             | Testament: "It was the custom in a certain community for
             | the guests to bring their own wine to weddings, and all the
             | wines were mixed before drinking. Then one guest thought
             | that if all the other guests would bring wine, he would not
             | notice when drinking if he brought water instead. Then the
             | other guests did the same, and as the result they all drank
             | water."
             | 
             | >In this example, two situations are possible. In the
             | first, everyone contributes his share, giving his equal
             | part, and everyone will equally profit. In the second, each
             | strives for the most advantageous conditions for himself.
             | And this can lead to the kind of result mentioned in the
             | story.
             | 
             | >Two different arithmetics correspond to these two
             | situations. One arithmetic is the usual one, the one
             | accepted in society, ensuring "equal rights," and based on
             | the principle "the same for everyone," for instance in the
             | social utopia described by Owen. In a more paradoxal form,
             | this principle is expressed in M. Bulgakov's Master and
             | Margarita by Sharikov: "Grab everything and divide it up."
             | 
             | >The aspiration to this arithmetic is quite natural for
             | mankind, but if society is numerous and non-homogeneous,
             | then it can hardly be ruled according to this principle.
             | The ideology of complete equality and equal rights, which
             | unites people and inspires to perform heroic deeds, can
             | effectively work only in extremal situations and for short
             | periods of time. During these periods such an organization
             | of society can be very effective. An example is our own
             | country, which, after the destructions and huge losses of
             | World War II, rapidly became stronger than before the war.
             | 
             | >One of the authors personally witnessed such an atmosphere
             | of psychological unity when he was working on the
             | construction of the sarcophagus after the catastrophe of
             | the Chernobyl nuclear facility. The forces of the
             | scientists involved were so strongly polarized 2 that the
             | output of each of them was increased tenfold as compared to
             | that in normal times. During that period it was not unusual
             | for us to call each other in the middle of the night.
             | 
             | >Nevertheless such heroism, self-denial, and altruism, when
             | each wants to give (and not to take) as much as possible,
             | is an extremal situation, a system that can function only
             | for short intervals of time. Here the psychological aspect
             | is crucial, everyone is possessed by the same idea -- to
             | save whatever may be saved at any cost. But the psychology
             | of the masses, which was studied by the outstanding Russian
             | emigr'e sociologist Pitirim Sorokin, is presently studied
             | only outside of Russia.
             | 
             | Source: https://arxiv.org/pdf/0806.4164
             | 
             | Now the question is: to which extent and in which ways does
             | this apply to the subject we're discussing.
        
               | samastur wrote:
               | This is a myth they tell themselves. USSR won by
               | incredible amounts of American supplied material.
        
               | __alexs wrote:
               | A truck without a driver has no value in a war. Lend
               | lease was important but the ambition and drive to defeat
               | Germany required huge sacrifices on all sides that are
               | impossible without shared cultural ideals.
        
               | bell-cot wrote:
               | Those "shared cultural ideals" amounted to very little
               | beyond "conquer the Nazis, before they conquer us" - as
               | late-war and post-war relations between the USSR and the
               | Western Allies showed. Or, as pre-'39 Western policies
               | showed. The '30's saw the Nazis as an evil...but a
               | _useful_ and  "not too" evil, that would (mostly, in
               | effect) protect the West from the greater evil of Soviet
               | Communism.
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | You've watched too many Hollywood movies. Yes, Lend-Lease
               | was very helpful - but only about 5% of Soviet GDP. For
               | example, the Soviets produced more tanks than all other
               | allies combined, and that was while under massive active
               | attack and invasion - even moved entire factories.
               | 
               | The real myth is that the Soviets just threw meat waves
               | and would have lost without Uncle Sam. Most of that was
               | anti communist propaganda and any serious (ie non-
               | narrative driven) historian knows the truth about the
               | industrial and military achievements of the Soviets in
               | that war.
        
               | Xmd5a wrote:
               | I think he's right though, the 5% figure isn't accurate.
               | Perplexity answer below:
               | 
               | https://anonpaste.pw/v/6f99bf00-ab49-48fc-978a-27f656a37c
               | 02#...
               | 
               | Nonetheless, the _production hell_ people working at
               | those factories went through shouldn 't be downplayed.
               | 
               | Documentary (2024):
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tjGYMFVMeYo
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | "the Soviets produced more tanks than all other allies
               | combined"
               | 
               | For such feats, factory equipment mattered. So did
               | trucks. Studebakers were relatively cheap and probably
               | wouldn't move the needle on your GDP-based meter, but
               | they were very important to Soviet logistics.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | The USSR also gained de facto control over relatively
               | developed places like the Baltics, Czechoslovakia and
               | East Germany, and exploited them.
               | 
               | Czechoslovak industry in the early 1950s was producing a
               | shitton of products sold under their real price to the
               | Soviets, or bargained for cheap agricultural products.
        
           | edm0nd wrote:
           | Exactly this. Great Britain colonized huge parts of the globe
           | and had an empire. They were kings of trade and the world.
           | Now they are just a surveillance nanny state and hollow shell
           | of their former self.
        
             | vixen99 wrote:
             | I regularly see opinion pieces in the British Press
             | advising young Brits to get out. In 2022 one writer wrote
             | 'Britain is fed up, bitter, and practically broke - and
             | it's all going to get worse' and indeed it still is and
             | getting worse. One basic problem: an unsustainable welfare
             | and health system and overwrought bureaucracy. Today I
             | learn that one major bank is considering leaving the UK in
             | view of excessive 'red tape'.
        
               | nobodywillobsrv wrote:
               | The welfare state is horrid. Democracy is largely dead.
               | The judiciary and bank of England are unaccountable and
               | unassailable. The Fabians have won.
        
               | Peanuts99 wrote:
               | > Today I learn that one major bank is considering
               | leaving the UK in view of excessive 'red tape
               | 
               | Or failure to compete with startup banks...
        
               | _hao wrote:
               | The UK has no shortage of good banks. Santander can fuck
               | off for being worse than their competition.
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | Yes, it's difficult to overstate quite how bad their
               | customer service is. They actually lost a big cheque I
               | deposited.
        
           | tomcam wrote:
           | Sugar was rationed in England until 1953, and meat until
           | 1954. Pretty rugged times.
        
           | jampekka wrote:
           | Interestingly people, especially poor people, were better
           | nourished during the WW 2 rationing than before the war. Also
           | e.g. universal healthcare was establised post-war.
           | 
           | Is number of war ships, or billionaires, a good measure for a
           | country?
           | 
           | https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/food-thought-
           | rationing-...
        
             | graemep wrote:
             | I have not drilled down into the data, but I think it
             | highly likely poor people did not benefit.
             | 
             | I have read that the Empire was a fiscal net negative. That
             | was offset by it being a free market area with policies
             | that favoured the UK, the benefits from that went primarily
             | to a small minority.
        
         | eru wrote:
         | > The UK lost Deep Mind - which could have been OpenAI!! -- to
         | Google.
         | 
         | Deepmind is still in the UK. And more, including foreign,
         | bidders driving up prices for acquisitions and investments,
         | will lead to more people making the jump.
        
           | chii wrote:
           | > Deepmind is still in the UK
           | 
           | they dont mean location, they mean ownership of the equity.
        
             | eru wrote:
             | Yes, but what does it matter? Google has equity owners all
             | over the world, but we still treat them as an American
             | company, too.
        
               | chii wrote:
               | i think you will find the majority owner of google are
               | american.
               | 
               | And i'm not saying it matters - i'm saying that the OP is
               | lamenting that the UK is no longer owning innovative
               | companies.
        
               | porker wrote:
               | Profit goes out of the country, reducing investment and
               | rich UK people to invest in new UK companies. It's the
               | same problem with many of our companies being sold to
               | foreign investors: profits are taken outside the country
               | (as we did to other countries in the 19th century and
               | earlier) so our labour enriches other countries while our
               | country gets poorer.
        
               | chii wrote:
               | > labour enriches other countries while our country gets
               | poorer.
               | 
               | in reality, the UK isn't poorer than before. It is about
               | the same - no growth. It is only poorer when compared to
               | the US's growth.
               | 
               | One's labour, when being paid market rates, does not make
               | one's country poorer. And those profits from said labour
               | was paid for by the acquitition of the capital - money
               | was invested.
               | 
               | So in essense, the "poorness" that the UK feels right now
               | is not a result of these companies getting foreign
               | ownership, but the UK gov't lack of industrial policy and
               | investment. Brexit is the last straw probably.
        
               | philipwhiuk wrote:
               | If the profits move out, the opportunity cost is that
               | this money isn't spent in the UK which hits GDP which is
               | how growth is calculated.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Remember: Google paid for Deepmind. Presumably the
               | sellers aren't idiots.
        
               | uncletammy wrote:
               | It is far poorer after you account for the brain drain
               | and the opportunity cost of the brains that choose to
               | remain.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | > [...] but the UK gov't lack of industrial policy and
               | investment.
               | 
               | That's a weird conclusion to draw.
               | 
               | Governments aren't generally known for their ability to
               | pick winners ahead of time. How about instead of trying
               | industrial policy (again), the UK could try to remove
               | roadblocks that keep them from having successful
               | companies?
               | 
               | They could also try to leave more money in the hands of
               | taxpayers, so they can invest.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | > Profit goes out of the country, reducing investment and
               | rich UK people to invest in new UK companies.
               | 
               | Rich foreigners are happy to invest in the UK. See eg
               | Deepmind itself, which was bought by Google.
               | 
               | > [...] so our labour enriches other countries while our
               | country gets poorer.
               | 
               | Foreign investment is usually seen as a good thing.
               | Especially foreign direct investment.
               | 
               | And: why do you care so much what passports these rich
               | people hold?
        
         | maeil wrote:
         | > Instead, a lot of extremely smart people in the UK would
         | rather get the 'safe' job at Google, or McKinsey than the 'this
         | will never work but can you imagine how cool it would be if it
         | did' job at a startup.
         | 
         | This isn't just an EU thing, for what it's worth. The US is the
         | outlier.
        
           | itake wrote:
           | Even internally in the USA, you will see the full spectrum of
           | EU-like VCs to Sand Hill-like VCs.
        
             | maeil wrote:
             | Correct, but the tail of VC being fat is unique to the US.
             | Pretty much the rest of the world is like the UK in all but
             | a miniscule percentage preferring stability rather than
             | moonshots.
        
               | itake wrote:
               | My point is that the VCs located in a few specific zip
               | codes prefer moonshots. The vast majority of VCs in the
               | remainder of the USA prefer stability.
               | 
               | You don't hear about the small capital firms investing in
               | boring slow growing companies, because they are boring
               | and slow growing.
        
               | dukeyukey wrote:
               | WOrth ponting out the UK is 3rd worldwide in VC tech
               | investment. The US is the outlier, but if you think the
               | UK is bad you haven't seen shit.
        
               | piltdownman wrote:
               | Yeah but if it's not a moonshot SaaS factory they don't
               | want to hear the reality.
               | 
               | For example, Ireland's state VC - Enterprise Ireland -
               | ranked first in the world of venture capital investors by
               | deal count in 2020 by Pitchbook. The average size of the
               | deal compared to a Series A was laughable in context, but
               | the ethos is there.
        
           | nobodywillobsrv wrote:
           | False. Even good jobs with American companies and what not
           | are subject to ridiculous tax problems in the UK. You give
           | you employees equity but then they have to raise vast sums of
           | capital just to hold on to it to afford their taxes when
           | there is virtually no real liquidity pre IPO.
           | 
           | It's anti success. And there is garbage everywhere, people
           | keep voting for antisocial housing and bad cultures. It's a
           | failing state.
        
             | maeil wrote:
             | You didn't read what I quoted and replied to. Please do so
             | before responding with "false".
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | Completely agree, the problem in Europe is not regulations or
         | anything like that - it is a mindset issue. It is one of things
         | that europeans can learn from Americans.
         | 
         | My hypothesis is that this is a combination of old money and
         | class consciousness. In other words, the rich are risk averse
         | because all they care is preserving their wealth and the
         | working class don't believe and can't even imagine that more is
         | possible.
        
           | bowsamic wrote:
           | Well it's not necessarily a good thing. In Europe we are
           | traditionalists and we retain a lot of spirit (Geist) by not
           | striving for pure progress
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | Yes, there are advantages of a stable and well functioning
             | systems that don't have disruptors and we indeed benefit of
             | it as having good lives but unfortunately this can't last
             | as those who go hard on progress and tear down everything
             | and rebuilding again will eventually get ahead on
             | everything and won't let us just be as we now see with US
             | billionaires having impact over Europe.
             | 
             | Americans feel more pain but are also rewarded, Europe has
             | no option but to become progressive - otherwise tere will
             | be no more Europe and the Americans and Chinese will make
             | us adopt their ways.
             | 
             | Oh, BTW, America is also struggling. The latest political
             | developments are an attempt to change course - they are
             | trying to become a bit more like Europe with the race and
             | class based politics holding roots. They say they are anti-
             | regulation anti-discrimination(of whites specifically) but
             | the core MAGA movement is all about putting barriers and
             | preserving old ways for the benefit of a subset of people.
             | Americans are too in soul searching. Their MAGA literally
             | means fixing what is no longer great but their demands are
             | actually quite conservative and they already begin falling
             | off with their accelerations partners.
        
               | Cumpiler69 wrote:
               | _> Yes, there are advantages of a stable and well
               | functioning systems_
               | 
               | Current EU is definitely not a stable and well
               | functioning system. Look at economic conditions,
               | political outcomes, illegal immigration, wealth
               | inequality, societal and political trust, homelessness
               | rates, birth rates, free speech suppression, welfare
               | austerity, etc Everything has been going downhill since
               | the 2008 crash. It's a powder keg.
               | 
               |  _> they are trying to become a bit more like Europe with
               | the race and class based politics holding roots._
               | 
               | What are you on about? Europe doesn't have much race
               | based politics, that's a thing America keeps pushing.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | Yeah right, Reform AFD Rassemblement national Fratelli
               | d'Italia and other risings stars have nothing to do with
               | race and even if they do it's Americans behind it.
               | 
               | Everyone knows that Europeans are much more racist than
               | Americans, it's just that we are much less explicit about
               | it and its issues are different than the issues in the
               | USA.
        
               | Cumpiler69 wrote:
               | You might want to look more at why people are against the
               | waves of illegal immigration and less on the color of
               | their skin.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | Illegal immigration is a BS term, make immigration legal
               | if you don't want illegal immigrants. It's not like
               | people choose the hard, dangerous and expensive ways
               | instead of buying a Ryanair ticket. When the illegal
               | immigrants BS doesn't hold they all start complaining
               | about legal immigrants as with the UK and their core
               | Brexit reason.
        
               | worthless-trash wrote:
               | Immigration is legal though, in most countries.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | > make immigration legal if you don't want illegal
               | immigrants
               | 
               | As a philosophy of law point, aren't laws passed to make
               | things illegal if they aren't wanted? Rather than legal?
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | That's the point, illegal immigration is just a veil so
               | some people can feel better for them selves.
               | 
               | "it's not that I don't like them - I am not like that,
               | its just that I don't want illegal immigration"
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | I can understand this might make sense if race (or
               | ethnicity) were the only factor in the world to consider,
               | but since it's not, is there value in thinking as though
               | it is?
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | What makes me think that it's about race(loosely
               | speaking. IMHO it's more about xenophobia and feeling
               | like losing privilege o identity as a nation etc) is that
               | once you make the immigration legal they start
               | complaining about numbers like in Britain.
               | 
               | BTW I don't disagree with the people who don't want
               | everyone be welcome, I just think that their solution
               | ideas and demands are misguided. My observation is that
               | people from various ethnicities can function in cohesion
               | and are about the same when they are from a similar
               | educational background and rarely have ethnical or racial
               | issues among themselves and IMHO all the problems will be
               | resolved if you let people naturally find their
               | appropriate group they belong to instead of having BS
               | like country borders and visas and DEI or race based
               | positive discrimination etc.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | Thanks for your reply. I think I agree with at least some
               | of it, but it is still solely talking about race.
               | 
               | The worries people have, especially in somewhere like
               | Britain, is it's a country with a relatively small
               | population compared to the level of immigration, and
               | housing is an enormous problem. One outcome that I think
               | can be to a considerable extent[0] attributed to high net
               | immigration is that housing has become smaller (many
               | houses divided into flats), and housing has become much
               | more expensive. So anyone who already owned a house is
               | sitting fairly pretty, as they get bouyed up by the
               | housing market, but anyone looking to buy for the first
               | time, or buy into a new market for the first time (e.g.
               | moving to near schools for kids) is going to have a
               | massive problem, as the competitive pressure has up-
               | bidded housing and made it worthwhile to subdivide and
               | sell/rent smaller dwellings.
               | 
               | This could be all white people doing it (somewhere like
               | Cornwall in the UK is mostly annoyed because other Brits
               | buy holiday homes there, driving up prices for locals and
               | their kids who are coming up) - it doesn't matter. The
               | housing costs are what matter. And they, a bit like fuel,
               | drive up everything else: NHS workers need higher
               | salaries to just be able to live in many places, which
               | drives up taxes.
               | 
               | This isn't to avoid actual race/ethnicity-related
               | tensions. But there's a giant clump of people who are
               | just fed up with their money going far less far than
               | their parents' and grandparents' money did when it comes
               | to one of the fundamentals of life: housing yourself and
               | your family. And their parents and grandparents are
               | equally upset that their kids/grandkids have in a major
               | sense a harder life than they did.
               | 
               | [0] definitely not fully; there are multiple factors. But
               | if you net import the equivalent of the population of
               | Liverpool each year, and you aren't building a Liverpool
               | each your to house them, it's obvious that prices will
               | start shooting up.
        
               | piltdownman wrote:
               | Well no, its not. Specifically in relation to Asylum
               | Seekers contravening the EU Dublin Regulation and tearing
               | up their passports on an intra-EU flight so they can
               | claim Asylum and the associated social welfare in Ireland
               | rather than France or Germany due to our much higher
               | rates.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Regulation
               | 
               | Basically economic migrants - predominately young men
               | from the middle east - disguising themselves as Refugees
               | and taking social supports away from the families fleeing
               | warzones.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | That is one subset of immigration crime that is rightly
               | frown upon and can be completely avoided abolition of the
               | country borders concept that was introduced in the last
               | 100 years or less. Want to help people in need? Instead
               | of confining them into areas and then impose restriction
               | on those and give some of them some money, help those in
               | need. Or don't help, but at least don't pretend that you
               | are bringing justice to the world without addressing the
               | core problems.
               | 
               | In other words, this is actually welfare fraud that
               | happens to have a travel component.
        
               | Cumpiler69 wrote:
               | _> can be completely avoided abolition of the country
               | borders_
               | 
               | Home break-ins can be avoided by abolishing locks on your
               | front door and leaving them open for the public. You go
               | first please.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | I won't reply to this strawman argument.
        
               | Cumpiler69 wrote:
               | It's the same champaign socialist argumentation you are
               | using, just that it's not affecting you, but when it does
               | affect you, you have no argument.
               | 
               | The question was simple, why do you support illegal
               | immigration in a country's borders as being OK, but not
               | crossing in the borders of your house?
               | 
               | It's easy to be virtuous and generous with other people's
               | money/resources.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | I don't support illegal immigration, I say that people
               | traveling and seeking better lives should not be illegal.
               | 
               | I think we are done here since I don't feel spending time
               | for positions I never claimed. I despise this type of
               | argumentation, its a known fallacy and its useless.
               | 
               | You can count yourself as won an arguments if you feel
               | like that.
        
               | rangestransform wrote:
               | It should be illegal based on the wishes of the people in
               | the destination country alone, even if only to hoard the
               | pie for themselves
        
               | CamouflagedKiwi wrote:
               | That's a ridiculous way of thinking about it. Anyone who
               | says they don't want illegal immigrants isn't objecting
               | simply because of the legal status, they think the
               | process should be upheld which prevented those people
               | from immigrating legally.
               | 
               | It's the same reason we don't seek to improve crime rates
               | by legalising theft. Sure, there'd be fewer people
               | labelled as "criminal", but the original problem would
               | remain (and in all probability would become worse).
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | And why the process of immigrating legally is more than
               | buying a ticket and a security check at the border?
               | 
               | Obviously, it is the reason that matters and the reason
               | is not benign.
               | 
               | People want other people to like people in certain way
               | they and then castrate Alan Turing for illegal love.
               | People want to have slaves then they have illegally free
               | slaves problem.
               | 
               | Why pretend that this is about upholding the law?
        
               | rangestransform wrote:
               | It is within the right of every nation to determine who
               | comes in and who doesn't, by lethal force if necessary
        
               | nobodywillobsrv wrote:
               | Even legal migration is bad now.
               | 
               | The governments of Europe no longer hold a monopoly of
               | violence. Terror groups and MENAPT groups have brought a
               | diverse range of violent threats to people.
               | 
               | Building a robot army to solve this is one viable
               | solution that is hardware and software based.
        
               | coldpepper wrote:
               | Building a robot army is a ridiculous idea.
               | 
               | The efficient & practical way is to stop renewing
               | residence and work visas, making acquisition of visas
               | harder through complex demands of high language
               | proficiency, and a high amount of money as proof-of-
               | funds, perhaps requiring a local referral too. It's what
               | countries that don't want immigrants but don't want to
               | say it out loud do.
        
               | worthless-trash wrote:
               | They add job requirements (aka skilled migration) and
               | lottery system on top too !
        
               | piltdownman wrote:
               | That's quite the conservative talk-radio shopping list.
               | 
               | Illegal immigration is a metric of the EUs economic
               | success and social stability compared with North Africa,
               | Eastern European Accession States, and the war-torn
               | middle east. If America shared land borders and direct
               | migration routes with Islamic caliphates and the like,
               | they'd know all about it.
               | 
               | Economic Conditions and Political Outcomes are pretty
               | sane and tolerable for all but a select group of
               | (surprise surprise) US backed agitators like Hungary. You
               | have to remember that the EU is run as a society rather
               | than an economy, and must be judged on this ethos. People
               | are very fond of using the comparable GDPs of Bavaria and
               | Mississippi in this conversation - forgetting to mention
               | the life expectancy is 10 years less and infant mortality
               | 400% higher on the US side.
               | 
               | Societal and Political trust is still quite high -
               | despite much fearmongering, the far-right are _not_
               | gaining the political capital necessary to instigate
               | significant change outside of Hungary.
               | 
               | Homelessness rates are a factor of illegal migration -
               | and are laughably low compared to the US on a per capita
               | basis; ditto whatever warped contention you have
               | regarding 'welfare austerity'. We just call it social
               | security. During Covid and in the period afterwards it
               | was hugely ramped up across Europe - and not in a
               | giveaway budget with a check personally signed by an
               | Oligarch.
               | 
               | Re 'free speech suppression' I'm really not sure what
               | you're aiming at. The current cultural friction regarding
               | things like gender-identification and pronoun usage are
               | uniquely american exports. On basically all other counts
               | other than venue-shopping defamation cases, it's a moot
               | point for any normal person.
               | 
               | Finally re birth rates - they tend to go down in wealthy
               | and advanced societies outside of select religious
               | groupings (looking at you Salt Lake City) so I'm not sure
               | what your point is there.
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | It isn't a "conservative talk-radio shopping list". It is
               | reality in quite a few areas in Europe and the UK.
               | 
               | > Economic Conditions and Political Outcomes are pretty
               | sane and tolerable for all but a select group of
               | (surprise surprise) US backed agitators like Hungary. You
               | have to remember that the EU is run as a society rather
               | than an economy, and must be judged on this ethos. People
               | are very fond of using the comparable GDPs of Bavaria and
               | Mississippi in this conversation - forgetting to mention
               | the life expectancy is 10 years less and infant mortality
               | 400% higher on the US side.
               | 
               | This isn't true. I know many people that have moved from
               | Spain to Hungary. Most of these people where politically
               | fairly normal e.g. either centre-left right or centre-
               | left. I speak to people from all over Europe regularly
               | and many of them do not feel the way that you are
               | describing.
               | 
               | > Societal and Political trust is still quite high -
               | despite much fearmongering, the far-right are not gaining
               | the political capital necessary to instigate significant
               | change outside of Hungary.
               | 
               | That isn't true. I know many areas of Europe where the
               | electorate keep on voting for further right parties. The
               | same is happening in the UK. Labour only won because the
               | Conservatives lost and the Reform party did extremely
               | well for what is a relatively new party. I know the same
               | is happening in Belgium (I speak regularly with Belgian
               | nationals). Areas of Spain that are most affected by
               | immigration have voted for further right parties. So I
               | know this isn't true.
               | 
               | > Re 'free speech suppression' I'm really not sure what
               | you're aiming at.
               | 
               | Just look up the hate speech laws enacted throughout
               | Europe and in the UK and some of the cases that have been
               | prosecuted. We do not have a right to the free speech in
               | the UK and the majority of Europe doesn't either.
        
               | piltdownman wrote:
               | >>This isn't true. I know many people that have moved
               | from Spain to Hungary. Most of these people where
               | politically fairly normal e.g. either centre-left right
               | or centre-left. I speak to people from all over Europe
               | regularly and many of them do not feel the way that you
               | are describing.
               | 
               | The plural of anecdotes is not data, nor does your select
               | social circle represent a cogent sample group.
               | 
               | Orbans stated position is to pivot Hungary from a
               | democracy into an illiberal state, modeled after Putin's
               | Russia. At the EU summit in mid-December, for example, he
               | refused to agree to the extension of the Russia sanctions
               | that expire at the end of January.
               | 
               | https://edition.cnn.com/2022/04/02/europe/hungary-
               | election-v...
               | 
               | Hungary are on the brink of being kicked out of the
               | Schengen Zone, have about 12 billion in EU funds frozen
               | because of their stupidity, and are now getting loans off
               | China like some sort of tinpot African dictatorship in
               | order to bridge funding gaps.
               | 
               | The next biggest right-wing rise is - surprise surprise -
               | bordering them and the ex-Soviet Bloc in Poland. That
               | waned so quickly with the escalation of War in Ukraine
               | that, even if they joined forces, Konfederacja + PiS
               | could still not form a majority coalition for seat of the
               | Polish Government.
               | 
               | >>That isn't true. I know many areas of Europe where the
               | electorate keep on voting for further right parties. The
               | same is happening in the UK.
               | 
               | You missed my key qualifier 'necessary to instigate
               | significant change'. The Overton window shifts when
               | society is impacted by War and mass refugee immigration,
               | particularly in a period of high-taxes following high
               | social spend (lockdown).
               | 
               | >> Just look up the hate speech laws enacted throughout
               | Europe and in the UK and some of the cases that have been
               | prosecuted.
               | 
               | Citations needed.
               | 
               | >> We do not have a right to the free speech in the UK
               | and the majority of Europe doesn't either.
               | 
               | Well no, not explicitly, as they have a different legal
               | and basis for law as the US - e.g. they don't have a
               | codified constitution either as they came from a common
               | law system based on the French Courts. Instead they hold
               | the same proportional right as a negative right to
               | freedom of expression under the common law.
               | 
               | Its a moot point anyway as since 1998, freedom of
               | expression is guaranteed according to Article 10 of the
               | European Convention on Human Rights across Europe.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_10_of_the_European_
               | Con...
        
               | Cumpiler69 wrote:
               | Freedom o expression does not guarantee you freedom of
               | consequence in Europe. If you make fun of a politicians
               | they or the state can come back after you for it.
        
               | piltdownman wrote:
               | Ehm... what?
               | 
               | Political satire is one of the oldest and grandest
               | cultural traditions in Europe. Hell, most European
               | countries even have some variant of a political satire
               | show like Spitting Image:
               | 
               | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01439685.202
               | 4.2...
        
               | Cumpiler69 wrote:
               | Boy, you have no idea do you? And you're talking about
               | satire, not reality. Our reality is worse than satire.
               | 
               | https://reason.com/2019/10/03/the-e-u-orders-global-
               | censorsh...
               | 
               | https://brusselssignal.eu/2024/03/german-businessman-
               | cleared...
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | > The plural of anecdotes is not data, nor does your
               | select social circle represent a cogent sample group.
               | 
               | When something isn't easily quantifiable there is no
               | data. OK sure then, but there wouldn't be anyway.
               | 
               | The fact is that people are talking about moving either
               | out of Western Europe / UK to somewhere else and it is a
               | common sentiment amongst many professionals.
               | 
               | > Orbans stated position is to pivot Hungary from a
               | democracy into an illiberal state, modeled after Putin's
               | Russia. At the EU summit in mid-December, for example, he
               | refused to agree to the extension of the Russia sanctions
               | that expire at the end of January.
               | 
               | Can you point me to a translated policy document or a
               | more credible news source from like Hungary that I can
               | translate? I don't take American news sources seriously
               | for European issues as they frequently get basic things
               | incorrect.
               | 
               | > Citations needed.
               | 
               | You can look up the laws yourself and the cases. They can
               | easily be found. They are numerous. The law around speech
               | is quite easy to find on the .gov websites.
               | 
               | > Well no, not explicitly, as they have a different legal
               | and basis for law as the US - e.g. they don't have a
               | codified constitution either as they came from a common
               | law system based on the French Courts. Instead they hold
               | the same proportional right as a negative right to
               | freedom of expression under the common law.
               | 
               | In the UK we literally don't have the right to free
               | speech. I have actually read the law on this issue
               | several years ago. Only in Parliament are you allowed to
               | speak freely. There is nowhere where it says we have
               | these rights, there are no cases that have decided that
               | has ruled we have these rights. This is neither
               | explicitly or implicitly.
               | 
               | > Its a moot point anyway as since 1998, freedom of
               | expression is guaranteed according to Article 10 of the
               | European Convention on Human Rights across Europe.
               | 
               | Freedom of expression != Free speech. They are not the
               | same thing and that is why hate speech laws exist in the
               | majority of EU countries and in the UK. Time and time
               | again people erroneously equate free-speech with free-
               | expression. The UK government have themselves come out
               | and said something to the effect of "You have the right
               | to free expression, but not saying things we don't like"
               | essentially.
               | 
               | You either are being wilfully ignorant or you are
               | horrendously naive. Go and read the law yourself if you
               | don't believe me.
        
               | nonrandomstring wrote:
               | > unfortunately this can't last as those who go hard on
               | progress and tear down everything and rebuilding again
               | 
               | A notion of "bare progress" is the elephant in the room.
               | Progress is a vector. It has magnitude and direction.
               | People talk of moving "forward or back", but science also
               | has a steering wheel.
               | 
               | > and the Americans and Chinese will make us adopt their
               | ways.
               | 
               | This very notion of "progress" as a totalitarian force is
               | also dangerous. The boot is on the other foot from 80
               | years ago. When Europe was starting a 1000 year
               | technological master-race, more measured minds had to
               | extinguish that fire. I see many similarities today -
               | people seeing "progress" simply as dominance.
               | 
               | I liked the brain-dump in TFA, but I think it's over-
               | complex and too tied to a contemporary interpretation of
               | capital investment.
               | 
               | We've been spooging away our talent for generations here.
               | Look at how we treated Turing. We mismanage or sell-off
               | everything cool we invent.
               | 
               | What Britain still suffers from is class disloyalty. We
               | still have a strong but invisible class system which is
               | now international financiers. Those sorts "float above"
               | the ordinary economy, they are disconnected from UK
               | interests and don't give a toss about engineering,
               | science, knowledge, education...
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | > When Europe was starting a 1000 year technological
               | master-race, more measured minds had to extinguish that
               | fire
               | 
               | A lot of the measured minds were saying eugenics was a
               | good idea. It took the horror of seeing experiments and
               | concentration camps to make it so deeply unfashionable
               | the idea couldn't even survive in academia.
        
               | nonrandomstring wrote:
               | I believe you're right. Edwin Black's "IBM and the
               | Holocaust" and Kazuo Ishiguro's "The Remains of the Day"
               | both played their part in revising my naive ideas about
               | simple narratives of WW2.
               | 
               | But look at this post made here a couple of days ago [0].
               | It's absolutely back in fashion. I think technofascism
               | really is a thing now - you can feel certain people
               | getting quite giddy with thoughts of power.
               | 
               | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42735539
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | Power's always in fashion. Academics seem to love
               | socialism, because it (in practice) centralises decision-
               | making nationally to a group of smart people (and the
               | academics might imagine themselves to be these insanely
               | powerful people).
               | 
               | Eugenics was the same. It was a Progressive way of
               | thinking, if I remember correctly.
        
               | nonrandomstring wrote:
               | > academics might imagine themselves to be these insanely
               | powerful people
               | 
               | It long ago escaped academia. Everyone wants to imagine
               | themselves "insanely powerful people" now. It's part of
               | the sell.
               | 
               | But based on experience I'm with Chomsky, that the
               | majority of academics are abject cowards (if we weren't
               | we'd take back the universities)
               | 
               | > Eugenics was the same. It was a Progressive way of
               | thinking.
               | 
               | Again I think you're right, painful as the truth is. I
               | met many oh-so humane "Humanists" eager to stop the
               | suffering of those poor untermensch.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | > Everyone wants to imagine themselves "insanely powerful
               | people" now. It's part of the sell.
               | 
               | I'm not sure this is true. Socialism does have a
               | surprising foothold, but I think that's largely due to
               | the larger number of people flowing through academia.
        
             | ttoinou wrote:
             | What is this spirit we retain that US looses ?
        
               | geraldhh wrote:
               | humanism
        
               | bowsamic wrote:
               | Leisure, that is, truly retaining time to encourage and
               | develop the spirit that is not just work
               | 
               | > There is an Indian savagery, a savagery peculiar to the
               | Indian blood, in the manner in which the Americans strive
               | after gold: and the breathless hurry of their work - the
               | characteristic vice of the New World - already begins to
               | infect old Europe, and makes it savage also, spreading
               | over it a strange loss of spirit (Geistlosigkeit). One is
               | now ashamed of repose: even long reflection almost causes
               | remorse of conscience. Thinking is done with a stop-
               | watch, as dining is done with the eyes fixed on the
               | financial newspaper; we live like men who are continually
               | "afraid of letting opportunities slip." "Better do
               | anything whatever, than nothing" - this principle also is
               | a noose with which all culture and all higher taste may
               | be strangled. And just as all form obviously disappears
               | in this hurry of workers, so the sense for form itself,
               | the ear and the eye for the melody of movement, also
               | disappear.
               | 
               | Nietzsche, The Gay Science, SS329
        
               | jajko wrote:
               | Quality of life, if you define an actual proper life as
               | something happening outside of work hours and sleep.
               | 
               | We don't worry whether my insurance will cover the next
               | health issue that will happen to me, be it broken leg or
               | lifelong costly treatment. I don't have to desperately
               | try to save maybe 1.5 million $ to put my kids through
               | decent university, if they desire to do so. I am not
               | brutally tossed on the sidewalk when I am fired, both
               | employer and state gives a LOT of support to not fall off
               | the societal cliff and end up as typical US homeless
               | person. We have way more resting time to recharge via
               | holidays (this fellow from 1.1. is running on 90%
               | corporate work contract and thus sporting 50 vacations
               | days per year - now _thats_ QOL improvement, I 've
               | already planned 6 week+ vacations for this year). We have
               | on average simply healthier lifestyles and it shows
               | literally massively.
               | 
               | I could go on for a long time. But you can ignore that -
               | compare usage of mental health medication, from what I've
               | seen its much more massive in US, manifesting the
               | additional stress that US population is cca exposed to.
               | 
               | Its a balance - you add more money, you remove more
               | 'humanity', and the additional stress is there and very
               | real. Everybody has different ideal spot, and this also
               | changes a lot during life. Isn't it better to have 2
               | systems next to each other, and everybody can pick how
               | they want to live your life? Focus purely on money is
               | stupid, their added value in life quickly diminishes once
               | a person is not poor, then other aspects of life become
               | much more important. The complete opposite is same, 0
               | progress. Something in between, as always, is the best
               | road for most.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | You also get your defence and healthcare advancements
               | mostly paid for by Americans, either as taxes or
               | healthcare costs that funnel into R&D spend. It's easy to
               | give things away when you mostly only have maintenance
               | costs to bear, and not very much risk.
               | 
               | (Not an American.)
        
               | Cumpiler69 wrote:
               | _> thus sporting 50 vacations days per year _
               | 
               | Where and how do you get 50 vacation days/year.
        
           | fxtentacle wrote:
           | In Germany, you can typically finance the first 1-3 years of
           | your start-up through government gifts like "EXIST". That's
           | why you don't need early seed investors.
        
             | CalRobert wrote:
             | Do you know any equivalent for the Netherlands by any
             | chance? Everything I see is tiny amounts.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | Idk about the Netherlands, but in France you can take
               | your unemployment benefits for 3 years upfront as a
               | capital investment in a new business. And there are
               | various grants and aid you can apply for.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | Can you get unemployment if you quit?
               | 
               | Annoyingly, in 20 years of working I've never been fired
               | or laid off.
        
               | vladvasiliu wrote:
               | I think recently there's been a change which says that
               | you can if you start a new company right away. But do
               | check with an accountant for the inevitable pitfalls.
        
               | Beretta_Vexee wrote:
               | In CAC40 company, It is possible to take unpaid leave
               | with the possibility of returning to the company to set
               | up a new business. The idea is that if the project fails,
               | the original company recovers an employee who has learned
               | a lot (free MBA).
               | 
               | If you're already unemployed, it's possible to keep your
               | allowance longer for a business start-up or takeover.
               | 
               | It's also possible to sign a "rupture conventionee",
               | which entitles you to unemployment benefits.
               | 
               | But no, if the employee resigns, he or she is not
               | entitled to unemployment benefits, nor to business start-
               | up assistance.
               | 
               | the French system is generous, but not as generous.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | > In CAC40 company, It is possible to take unpaid leave
               | with the possibility of returning to the company to set
               | up a new business
               | 
               | It's not only CAC40, it's part of some collective
               | bargaining agreements which apply to whole sectors (e.g.
               | SYNTEC which applies to all consulting and most IT
               | companies).
        
               | psini wrote:
               | I see this misconception a lot for resigning France.
               | 
               | First, there are some "protected classes" of resigning
               | that allow you to be eligible for unemployment right
               | after you resign, for example: moving to follow your
               | spouse, resigning less than 3 months after having been
               | laid off, going back to study or... creating a
               | company!![1] :).
               | 
               | Second, you are entitled to unemployment benefits even if
               | you resign without "a good reason". The issue is that you
               | can only request your benefits 4 months after having
               | resigned. This leads to many people believing that you
               | just do not get anything if you resign; because who wants
               | to eat the 4 months of no income?
               | 
               | This 4 months waiting period is not advertised at all,
               | and my complotist self believes it might be on purpose;
               | if you don't know about it and don't request it, that's
               | less money for the government to spend :^).
               | 
               | [1] Conditions apply (having worked uninterrupted for the
               | last 5 years)
        
               | Beretta_Vexee wrote:
               | It's more complicated than that [0]. The fact that you
               | have the right to claim unemployment benefit does not
               | mean that it will be accepted, that it will be accepted
               | quickly or that the benefit will correspond to what you
               | would have had if you had been laid off.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.service-
               | public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F34991/...
        
               | sandermvanvliet wrote:
               | There is the SeedCapital route:
               | https://english.rvo.nl/subsidies-financing/seed-capital
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | Thanks!
        
               | papichulo2023 wrote:
               | Isnt this just a private loan?
        
             | kleiba wrote:
             | EXIST in particular targets universities, though, so not
             | every founder is eligible.
        
               | fxtentacle wrote:
               | Correct, that was meant as an example. There's also
               | "Existenzgrundungszuschuss" for the unemployed and
               | various other EU funds for craftsmen and others:
               | 
               | https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-
               | business/start...
        
             | Aldipower wrote:
             | Your sentence is not true as you present it. There are _a
             | lot_ of constraints. Time wise, topic wise, biased wise. No
             | typicality start-up will ever get the EXIST "gift".
        
             | menaerus wrote:
             | "The grant covers personal living, material, and coaching
             | expenses over 12 months, allowing founders to focus on
             | developing their founding idea. While graduates receive
             | personal funding of 2.500EUR, students can receive 1.000EUR
             | a month, additionally up to 30.000EUR material and 5.000EUR
             | coaching budget that can be used to develop the founding
             | project further."
             | 
             | So, 30k EUR (gross) with a maximum funding period of one
             | year? Laughable. Also probably a little bit tragicomic.
             | 
             | Early seed rounds are usually measured in couple of USD
             | millions. I wonder how these brilliant minds in the EU
             | think they will attract the industry talent to leave their
             | ~5x salary (outside FAANG) for such a pocket money.
        
             | HotHotLava wrote:
             | EXIST is very narrowly tailored to technology start-ups
             | founded by graduates based on their research.
             | 
             | Out of curiosity I was spot-checking the the founders of
             | the latest YC 24 Winter batch at
             | https://www.ycombinator.com/companies?batch=W24 , and the
             | requirements would exclude at least 90% of them from EXIST
             | if they lived in Germany.
        
             | constantcrying wrote:
             | Great that the German government makes some of the most
             | start up unfriendly employment laws _and_ funds these
             | doomed start ups at the same time.
             | 
             | This is really ridiculously and needs to stop.
        
           | nicoburns wrote:
           | > don't believe and can't even imagine that more is possible.
           | 
           | And/or don't think that more is better/desirable. I wouldn't
           | consider myself working class, but I was definitely raised
           | with the idea that making obscene amounts of money is
           | actually pretty selfish/immoral and not something one ought
           | to strive for. That doesn't preclude going into business. But
           | it is pretty antithetical to the VC funding model and the
           | creation of billion dollar businesses.
           | 
           | In general, it seems that the culture in America is that
           | wealth is virtuous and confers status, whereas in Europe that
           | at least isn't so universal and some circles it is even seen
           | as shameful (consider that variants on socialism are still
           | mainstream political ideologies in Europe).
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | > it seems that the culture in America is that wealth is
             | virtuous and confers status, whereas in Europe that at
             | least isn't so universal and some circles it is even seen
             | as shameful
             | 
             | Isn't this due to different types of Christian traditions?
             | AFAIK In some, it is considered that the wealth is given by
             | the God to the virtuous ones and they are merely guardians
             | of it and responsible to use use the wealth in a virtuous
             | ways and therefore getting rich is encouraged and the rich
             | are treated with respect?
             | 
             | There's something similar among some Muslim sects too, in
             | Muslim majority countries it is not uncommon to believe
             | that the God chose someone to be rich and there's more to
             | that person that the eye can see therefore must be
             | respected. Some religious communities even get so obscenely
             | rich and you can see poor servants having a religious
             | experience when their leader arrives with an a luxury car.
        
               | vladvasiliu wrote:
               | The way I see it, at least in France, it's not really a
               | question of religion. "The rich" are thought to have
               | acquired their wealth doing dubious things, mostly by
               | "exploiting the poor".
               | 
               | There's also a very strongly egalitarian way of thinking,
               | as in pretty much everybody is interchangeable. So, if
               | someone does better than somebody else, it's likely
               | because of something "unfair" (or luck) and not thanks to
               | being more competent.
        
               | zimpenfish wrote:
               | > "The rich" are thought to have acquired their wealth
               | doing dubious things, mostly by "exploiting the poor".
               | 
               | To be fair, that's probably true in the vast majority of
               | cases.
        
               | vladvasiliu wrote:
               | I've never personally known any "very rich" people so I
               | can't comment on them.
               | 
               | But the perception I'm talking about applies even to
               | "reasonably confortable" people. Think your random
               | engineer making 100k a year (which is a "good" salary in
               | these parts). Basically, someone with some form of STEM
               | degree.
               | 
               | I doubt most of these people are doing anything shady.
               | Plus, this kind of income doesn't really give them any
               | kind of financial independence: they wouldn't be able to
               | afford not having a job.
        
               | teamonkey wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petite_bourgeoisie
        
               | zimpenfish wrote:
               | > I doubt most of these people [random engineer making
               | 100k a year] are doing anything shady.
               | 
               | I guess it depends what your level of "shady" is - I know
               | a bunch of people in that kind of range who were all
               | about "optimising their tax" (which I would consider to
               | be "tax evasion" - morally wrong even if it is legal at
               | the time.)
        
               | vladms wrote:
               | You know "optimizing" means different things for
               | different people.
               | 
               | For example: France offers specific saving deposits with
               | guaranteed interest rate and non-taxed. If a normal
               | saving deposit would be taxed and has similar interest
               | rate, "optimizing their tax" means just using the that
               | specific deposit.
               | 
               | There are many other schemes that I can't believe they
               | exist (example: in France if you create an investment
               | account, after 5 years of the account existence you are
               | not taxed on the gains! So what you can do is "create
               | account with 100 euro", "wait 5 years", "invest more /
               | potentially do gains" - and you will not be taxed!!!)
               | 
               | You will tell me "that is morally wrong!". I could agree
               | with you, but I see nobody demanding better
               | laws/regulations, probably because they don't know/care
               | about details.
        
               | zimpenfish wrote:
               | > You will tell me "that is morally wrong!"
               | 
               | No, I think the investment account with no tax on gains
               | is fine. I'm talking about things like "create a company,
               | take a salary that's just over the lowest tax threshold,
               | get 0% infinite term company loans from yourself" -
               | things that your average person wouldn't be doing (unlike
               | the free-gains-account.)
        
               | vladms wrote:
               | You mean something like described in this page:
               | https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/loan-schemes-
               | and-... ? This one seems illegal at least in UK. Do you
               | know if it is different in other countries?
        
             | CalRobert wrote:
             | But we're not talking about obscene amounts of money. Just
             | making enough to have some savings so you can do things
             | like a career break or retire early is discouraged (and
             | mostly impossible). Europe wants you to work, and keep
             | working, forever.
        
               | vladms wrote:
               | Considering the differences in living prices in major
               | capitals and other cities, I would claim you can do that
               | (career break/retire early) even today in multiple
               | countries in Europe.
               | 
               | But that would mostly mean changing places. If you go and
               | work 10-15 years in an expensive/high pay city, you could
               | retire in a less expensive city.
               | 
               | On the other hand if you expect that everything will be
               | as when you were working (place, expenses, etc.), I am
               | not sure it is the case even in the US for early
               | retirements ...
        
             | nobodywillobsrv wrote:
             | Exactly. Half the population are saboteurs and vote to
             | suppress success
        
               | ktallett wrote:
               | Success is viewed differently by some. Being educated,
               | having healthy lives, having access to many public
               | servicesnare seen as a successful healthy life by many.
        
             | robertlagrant wrote:
             | > it seems that the culture in America is that wealth is
             | virtuous
             | 
             | I don't think I've ever seen this claimed anywhere except
             | as a criticism.
        
               | foldr wrote:
               | It's not something that Americans in general explicitly
               | believe, but you can see it in their attitudes and
               | behavior towards the rich and successful. For example, HN
               | (being somewhat weighted towards American cultural norms)
               | collectively believes that people who have made lots of
               | money are especially wise and hard working, and therefore
               | have special insights to offer to the rest of us. True or
               | not, this is a culturally specific belief.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | I think this is just a bias. I've not seen much that
               | makes me think Americans think rich people are more
               | virtuous, at all. Certainly not enough to create a
               | stereotype out of, even if I thought stereotypes were a
               | good idea.
        
             | anonzzzies wrote:
             | Yeah, I was raised with that idea. I did make some nice
             | businesses, but I don't care for growing because of
             | growing. If I catch a few 100k a year for everyone in the
             | company (yep, it is the reason I like tiny companies: we
             | can just decide to all make the same), I don't really care
             | about the rest. Doing that for 10 years (even shorter but
             | he) is enough for anyone to live out their life in comfort
             | out of the (etfs etc) interest here. I keep on doing making
             | new things as I like it, but need no more money, so that
             | helps.
        
           | coastermug wrote:
           | People need examples of success in their network. Most people
           | have frankly never met or heard of anyone who founded a
           | successful startup- and therefore would never think of taking
           | on such a risk. I agree that in some places there is a sense
           | of malaise, but if we are to believe founders are a 1-2%
           | outlier of the population, I don't see why America's 1-2%
           | should be so much more ambitious than the UKs. I think it's
           | more a cycle induced by lack of funding.
        
           | Cumpiler69 wrote:
           | _> Completely agree, the problem in Europe is not regulations
           | or anything like that - it is a mindset issue. _
           | 
           | You can change mindsets with regulations that reward taking
           | risks in new businesses/innovations, and punish rent seeking
           | and sitting on inherited real estate for example.
           | 
           | But as long as EUrope is focused on maintaining the status
           | quo of boomers and gentrified dynasties of billionaires that
           | you probably played against in Assassins' Creed, nothing will
           | change.
        
           | cladopa wrote:
           | Let's make simple calculations. In California, near the start
           | of the 20th century there were more than 34 million native
           | Americans living in what was their land. Now there are in
           | California 300-700.000 native Americans.
           | 
           | They were exterminated and replaced by a very small European
           | population. Like sterilising a Petri dish and letting
           | bacteria grow, the opportunities that population experienced
           | were the biggest any population in the world ever had. Just
           | look at a graph of the population growth of US OR California
           | in the last century and compare it to others.
           | 
           | Now there is in California a population of near 40 million
           | people.
           | 
           | That is not a "mindset", this is real growth that they could
           | experience and the rest of the world could not.
        
             | nobodywillobsrv wrote:
             | These numbers are at least two orders of magnitude higher
             | than typical estimates. What are you talking about? It's
             | even higher than the typical all time max which is on the
             | order of 10 million.
        
             | xcv123 wrote:
             | California is only 34% European/white
             | https://www.ppic.org/publication/californias-population/
        
             | bagels wrote:
             | Do you have a source for 34 million Native Americans?
        
           | tirant wrote:
           | Regulations often stem from a particular mindset. However,
           | they also serve to perpetuate that mindset.
           | 
           | As a member of the working class, I find there's little
           | incentive to build something new or innovate because the
           | effort required to navigate through all the burdensome
           | regulations is overwhelming. On top of that, any additional
           | income I might generate from bringing my ideas or initiatives
           | to market would be taxed at more than 50%. For many people
           | like me, the effort simply isn't worth it. Instead, we focus
           | our energy on other pursuits, such as family, sports, or
           | friendships.
           | 
           | This shift in focus isn't inherently bad--a life balanced
           | between family, friends, work, and leisure is often a recipe
           | for happiness. However, societal progress relies heavily on
           | the efforts of a small minority of individuals who are bold
           | (or perhaps crazy) enough to pursue their ideas. When 90% of
           | those individuals are discouraged from taking entrepreneurial
           | risks, society's capacity for innovation is severely stifled.
           | 
           | In short, it's clear that excessive regulations and high
           | taxes are holding Europe back from achieving its full
           | potential for growth and innovation.
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | Which regulations exactly you find burdensome or
             | overwhelming and stopping you from attempting the become
             | wealthy, change your life and the world maybe?
             | 
             | Why would you skip having 1 billion Euros just because you
             | could have had 2 Billion but the government took the rest?
             | Up until 1960's rich Americans payed %91 tax, and yet they
             | kept their entrepreneurial spirit - why you can't do the
             | same at the stated %50?
             | 
             | When Apple was founded, the tax rates were %70.
        
               | eagleislandsong wrote:
               | The highest marginal tax brackets tend to kick in very,
               | very early in Europe. That makes a huge difference.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | Does it? How many people skipped getting rich because
               | they could have been richer? Any factual examples?
               | 
               | BTW, rich don't actually pay much taxes. The luxury life
               | they live is usually not taxed, most of the things they
               | do is considered business expense.
               | 
               | When a worker flies to Ibiza they first pay social
               | security and income taxes, then they pay consumption
               | taxes like VAT.
               | 
               | When a businessman flies to Ibiza they deduct whatever
               | they can as an expense so they don't pay income tax and
               | VAT. For whatever they can't claim that it is a business
               | expense they will pay with a cheap loan against their
               | assets and avoid paying income taxes. Since they still
               | have those assents, they pay just the interest later when
               | the assents increase in value. If their business fails
               | those assets fail, the bank takes the assets and no
               | taxation happens.
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | What the OP is trying to say is that to grow from 50k
               | euros earned per year to 1 million euros earned per year
               | is very, very cumbersome and, yes, mentally challenging
               | and very stressful, and that a lot of people actively
               | choose to stay/remain at the 50k euros per year level and
               | they'll not take the risks of trying to get to more than
               | 1 million per year.
               | 
               | Once you're at more than 1 million per year there are
               | other challenges and you can probably afford to hire
               | someone to take part of that burden off your shoulders,
               | but until you get to that point you're on your own and
               | it's very damn stressful (and by stressful I mean that
               | that includes the possible inflated but all to real fear
               | of getting to prison because of that tax-thingie that you
               | didn't fill the 100% correct way or because some work
               | your company did broke some municipal regulations or
               | whatever and now you're on the hook for damages and, yes,
               | personal liability).
               | 
               | Actually your VAT-skimming thing at the end is a very
               | good example of that mentality, i.e. the innovators here
               | having to have the Tax man front and center in their
               | minds, before innovation and trying to build something
               | useful off the ground, because if you don't know how to
               | play the Tax man (at the limit of legality, as your
               | example is) then you're toast. That "playing the Tax-man"
               | thing consumes a lot of people's energy in the early
               | stages, energy that would have been way better spent
               | trying to actually make something new and innovative.
               | 
               | [the 50k and 1 million figures are just used as examples,
               | maybe it's not 50k but 70k or 80k and maybe it's not 1
               | million but 5 to 10 million, but the idea stays the same]
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | Those problems are universal. Or do you honestly think
               | that American startups don't need to hire an accountant
               | and consult with lawyers? You either find the risk/reward
               | proposition worthwhile or you don't. There's nothing
               | wrong with not pursuing the riskier avenue but don't
               | pretend the US makes it easy.
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | There are levels and levels of enforcement, and, yes,
               | from the across the pond it does look like the IRS is not
               | breathing as menacingly each and every time you may want
               | to do something different.
               | 
               | For example a company like Uber could have never taken
               | off here in Europe because the tax authorities (and not
               | only) would have never let that happened, i.e. Uber (the
               | company) playing the "they're not real employees" game
               | with the authorities. Yes, Uber eventually made it into
               | Europe, but only because by that time it already was a
               | big and established company in the States so it had lots
               | of money to spend on lobby activities.
        
               | fxtentacle wrote:
               | For a married couple in Germany, they reach 40% in
               | effective tax rate somewhere above 600,000EUR in combined
               | annual income.
               | 
               | My take would be that once people have 100kEUR in net
               | annual income per person, they just do other things and
               | work less because it brings them more happiness than the
               | additional money would.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Nominal tax rates were 70 or 90 per cent, but no one
               | really paid them. The tax code was full of loopholes for
               | that purpose.
               | 
               | You can't rely on such paper figures to determine real
               | tax burden in the past.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | Which is still the case. No one is skipping getting rich
               | because of taxes, they end up paying very little anyway.
        
               | hdougie wrote:
               | What makes you think anything has changed here? Certainly
               | in the UK, there are plenty of "loopholes". Outside of
               | PAYE, there are plenty of ways to legally lower your tax
               | burden, and plenty of wealthy business owners and
               | shareholders make full use of those loopholes.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | This is true and I believe it doesn't make sense to
               | compare tax burdens of the people who are already
               | wealthy.
               | 
               | It makes sense to compare tax burdens of well-paid
               | employees, a favorite cash cow of most governments. These
               | are the people who sometimes start new businesses, and
               | use their savings to do so.
               | 
               | And there is a meaningful difference to the volume of
               | their savings if their top tax bracket is 30 per cent or
               | 55 per cent.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | > Why would you skip having 1 billion Euros just because
               | you could have had 2 Billion but the government took the
               | rest?
               | 
               | No one's making that choice. Most businesses fail, even
               | in somewhere entrepreneur-friendly like America. Why not
               | just work for someone else, given the rewards are capped
               | even at relatively low level of success? Why take the
               | risk, when taxation has failed to price risk into reward?
        
               | flask_manager wrote:
               | We have global commerce; you are not only working on the
               | creation part of something new, but also competing with
               | similarly skilled people working with different more
               | advantageous start conditions.
               | 
               | Nobody is talking about the difference between 1 and 2
               | billion, they are talking about the difference between 50
               | and 100 thousand, while competing.
        
               | cdnthrownawy39 wrote:
               | Canadian here.
               | 
               | It's not so much any single regulation, as it is there's
               | so many little ones that seem reasonable on the face of
               | it. But it's also that what makes the ruling Canadian
               | class so is the authority to bypass those regulations.
               | 
               | I can give one personal example; I was able to secure
               | some public funding application for a non profit I'm
               | affiliated with. But the only reason I was able to do
               | that was because my parents were university classmates of
               | the elected official that was able to pressure the staff
               | that was handling the paperwork to prioritize and approve
               | our application ahead of probably the hundreds in front
               | of us. The official's going to get a nice thank you
               | dinner out of it, but I also had to offer some
               | information that the official could financially benefit
               | from for him to even consider it, and a promise of some
               | future favors.
               | 
               | For better or worst that's how a lot of Canadian system
               | works. Grant applications, personal tax work, personal
               | and business banking, etc. Anyone can get through it
               | _eventually_ for anything. But if you want it done
               | quickly and in a way probably won 't get tied up in the
               | system itself, you better know someone that owes you a
               | favor.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | This is very interesting anecdote because it resonates
               | with something that a friend of mine said when I
               | pressured him to explain which regulations exactly are
               | causing him problems in EU.
               | 
               | As it turns out, he also complained about excessive
               | documentation he needs to get public funds for his
               | project.
               | 
               | So both of you are actually complaining about accessing
               | public funds and not actually doing private investment or
               | starting a private company with private funds.
               | 
               | this is not what most of the Americans do and this is not
               | what they mean by startups or business. Mostly.
        
               | marcinzm wrote:
               | You've fallen into the classic trap of thinking about the
               | very very very tiny of people who are billionaires. Very
               | few people are billionaires. Very few startup founders
               | will ever be even if they succeed.
               | 
               | Life changing money is going from $50k/year to $1m/year.
               | Not from $1b to $2b.
               | 
               | The vast majority of tax burden and complexity hits the
               | middle class.
               | 
               | > When Apple was founded, the tax rates were %70.
               | 
               | It was 35% on capital gains.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | In Europe the capital gain tax ranges from %37 in Norway,
               | %34 in France, %26 in Germany and Italy, %10 in Bulgaria
               | and %0 with conditions in many other places. Tax heavens
               | are a European invention anyway.
               | 
               | And no, millionaire or billionaire doesn't matter much.
               | Europe lacks Billionaires not Millionaires. Europe is
               | full of small businesses and by small I mean millions in
               | profits and revenues.
               | 
               | In Europe %99 of the companies are small or medium sized
               | enterprises, which is not different than the USA. In USA
               | however, large companies have slightly higher number of
               | employees which is an indicative of concentration of
               | power and that's how you get your "USA has 5 unicorns in
               | top 10 but EU has only 1" lists.
               | 
               | Contrary to the narrative, Europe has much more small and
               | medium sized enterprises per capita:
               | https://www.nationmaster.com/country-
               | info/stats/Economy/Micr...
        
               | marcinzm wrote:
               | > Europe lacks Billionaires not Millionaires.
               | 
               | It lacks both.
               | 
               | The US has 8.5% millionaires. Germany has 4.1. France has
               | 5.6. Norway has 5.9. The UK has 5.8. Once you include the
               | rest of the EU it goes even lower.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number
               | _of...
               | 
               | edit: And in the US there's no need to start a business
               | to be a millionaire. You can become one by just working a
               | regular job. Sales, consulting, tech, finance, etc. jobs
               | can even pay you $1m per year.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | With enough inflation the millionaires supply will
               | increase, but that's not the point. Toplists and
               | arbitrary round numbers doesn't mean anything. Let's
               | stick with stuff that matter, like concentration of
               | wealth.
        
               | marcinzm wrote:
               | > but that's not the point
               | 
               | You made it a point, not me. If you're going to try
               | changing the goal post when proven wrong then there's no
               | point in talking further.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | Having less is different than lacking of. Europe lacks
               | billionaires that can make large scale investments at
               | whim like Elon Musk does. A more equal society has its
               | positives but negatives too.
        
               | myrmidon wrote:
               | Thats not an entirely fair comparison because GDP/capita
               | is different, and the base assumption would be that
               | millionaires/capita increases with GDP.
               | 
               | That assumption appears to hold in general (Luxembourg
               | and Switzerland have higher GDP and significantly higher
               | millionaire percentages than the US), but there are a LOT
               | of exceptions, like Ireland/Norway (way less millionaires
               | than you would expect from GDP).
               | 
               | This is very interesting, I would not have expected to
               | see such significant differences between countries...
        
               | marcinzm wrote:
               | From what I can tell the millionaire discrepancy existed
               | in 2010 as well when the per capita GDPs between
               | Germany/France/UK and the US were fairly close. The gini
               | index for the US is much higher so it's not surprising
               | that there's more millionaires per capita. And a lot more
               | poor people per capita as well (once you account for the
               | US's weaker standard for what constitutes poverty).
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | EU has pensions. US has 401k plans. There may be more
               | millionaires in the US but that, in and of itself,
               | doesn't prove anyone is better off there.
        
               | marcinzm wrote:
               | I never said people were better off in one or the other
               | nor is this a discussion about that. This is a discussion
               | of the societal differences driving startups and risky
               | investments.
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | The US has a pension, it is called Social Security, and
               | it is relatively generous among developed countries. 401k
               | is in addition to, not a replacement for.
        
             | wertqgd wrote:
             | The 50% tax being a roadblock is exactly what the lack of
             | ambition is about. There's an implicit assumption you're
             | only ever achieve just over the tax limit rather than
             | hundreds of thousands or milllions over with share options
             | etc.
        
             | netdevphoenix wrote:
             | I think this is a combination of a lack of supportive
             | environment and a risk averse mindset. Employers will
             | likely scoff at a CV with one or more entrepreneurial
             | stints. The way I see it is this: if the prohibition era
             | was implemented in the UK, people would still acquire
             | alcohol against any and all barriers. The same drive
             | doesn't exist for entrepreneurial goals. Regulations make
             | things difficult but the critical problem is that the
             | entrepreneurial mindset is not there
        
             | vladms wrote:
             | > As a member of the working class, I find there's little
             | incentive to build something new or innovate because the
             | effort required to navigate through all the burdensome
             | regulations is overwhelming. On top of that, any additional
             | income I might generate from bringing my ideas or
             | initiatives to market would be taxed at more than 50%. For
             | many people like me, the effort simply isn't worth it.
             | 
             | I find it ironic you mention "classes" (regarding "as a
             | member of the working class"). There are problems
             | everywhere (either as an employee or as an entrepreneur).
             | Feeling overwhelmed is just a feeling, does not say
             | anything about how much you can do or if you get a
             | reasonable workload.
             | 
             | I think what is holding Europe back is the people not
             | trying and understanding various things without having lots
             | of fears (of being overwhelmed, of large tax, of what
             | people will say, etc.).
             | 
             | A balance must be stricken also between what you can do
             | (leisure, family) and how many resource you
             | produce/consume. The purpose should be for more of
             | leisure/family but that is ONLY IF we (I am also European)
             | produce/consume enough. Too many smart and capable people
             | want to "just be an employee", which results in gaps in
             | other places (entrepreneurs, politicians, etc.).
        
           | ahoka wrote:
           | Should individuals routinely risk their own livelihood to
           | benefit a select few capitalist? Does this improve the life
           | of the average American? Seeing how they vote it seems
           | generally it does not?
        
             | cylemons wrote:
             | Havent FAANG companies improved the lives of the average
             | American? They definitely did, and all these companies were
             | created by ambitious individuals with a bold vision and
             | prospect of making lots of money!
             | 
             | By taking big risks, one might ascend to this capitalist
             | class if they succeed.
        
               | o11c wrote:
               | "FAANG improved average lives" is by no means a safe
               | assumption. It needs to be very carefully demonstrated
               | for each individual company, with consideration of the
               | worsenings as well. The forgotten sixth, Microsoft, is
               | probably easier to make a case for.
        
           | turbojerry wrote:
           | EU drone regulations ban autonomous drones from being flown.
           | This made me stop work on them, this is not a mindset
           | problem. It's actually a corruption problem as Google wanted
           | to sell their software to coordinate drone flights and the EU
           | people were "persuaded" to enact regulations to make this
           | happen.
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | This is interesting, can you give a bit more details maybe?
             | Which regulations are not allowing you to do what? I wasn't
             | able to find the ban, is it maybe more about safety and
             | privacy requirements rather than outright ban?
        
         | bboygravity wrote:
         | Isn't it also an income issue?
         | 
         | I'm from EU and would be totally open to move to UK if there
         | was an opportunity to make more there while working on
         | something cool. But there simply isn't?
         | 
         | Then there are US startups where I could likely make 2 or 3x
         | what I make in EU or UK.
         | 
         | So why would talent every consider moving to the UK to build a
         | startup in 2025 anyway?
        
           | bowsamic wrote:
           | Also even the safe job wage in the UK is perhaps only 2/3 of
           | in Germany for example
        
             | Cumpiler69 wrote:
             | What do you mean by that?
        
               | zipy124 wrote:
               | He means a safe wage job pays a third less in the UK than
               | Germany.
               | 
               | Not sure if it's true so let's look at some stats:
               | Germany median for software engineer: EUR66,000 United
               | kingdom median: EUR58,000
               | 
               | Note depending on source, these numbers both vary broadly
               | within the same range, but with Germany salaries being
               | about 10-15% higher on most sources, so nowhere near the
               | figure claimed.
        
               | bowsamic wrote:
               | 10-15% is not hugely far from 1/3 ;)
        
               | SkiFire13 wrote:
               | You said that UK's salaries are 2/3 of the Germany ones,
               | but this doesn't mean that the Germany ones are 1/3 more,
               | they are 1/2 (or 50%) more. That's pretty far from
               | 10-15%.
        
               | bowsamic wrote:
               | Oh sorry, then I didn't maths properly. I always forget
               | about the asymmetry of fractions
               | 
               | EDIT: Please don't downvote me for admitting a mistake
        
               | SkiFire13 wrote:
               | No problem, it's a pretty common math/statistics trap
               | that gets way more people than it should.
        
               | zipy124 wrote:
               | 10-15% in the opposite direction. That is I stated they
               | earn 10-15% more.
               | 
               | 33% less equates to them earning roughly 50% more. The
               | difference between 10-15% and 50% is huge!
               | 
               | (trivial example, if someone is earning PS100,000, then
               | someone earning 33% less makes PS66,666. But Someone
               | earning PS100,000 makes 50% more than someone making
               | PS66,666)
        
           | itake wrote:
           | > So why would talent every consider moving to the UK to
           | build a startup in 2025 anyway?
           | 
           | A lot of people choose to start businesses near their friends
           | or families.
        
             | CalRobert wrote:
             | Right, but that would mean not moving.
        
               | freeone3000 wrote:
               | Some people live in the UK already.
        
           | varispeed wrote:
           | Something not talked about - you probably won't be able to
           | lease suitable property if you are doing anything other than
           | apps.
           | 
           | Doing soldering of prototypes? Good luck finding a landlord
           | that would let you do it. The moment they hear "fumes" is a
           | nope, fire hazard, safety risk and won't let you...
        
             | varispeed wrote:
             | Why downvotes? This is my real world experience.
        
         | zmgsabst wrote:
         | Why not hire US consultants to get from starting to mid-sized?
         | 
         | I'm curious, if you think the issue is cultural.
        
           | kdmtctl wrote:
           | Yep. Bring Musk aboard. /s
        
         | CalRobert wrote:
         | I lived in Ireland for 10 years. It's not the same as the UK
         | but there _is_ cultural overlap. Every time you shared a new
         | idea with _anyone_, even things as simple as "I want to buy a
         | site and build a house on it", the first thing you hear is how
         | that's a bad idea, you will fail, it will never work, and you
         | need to leave it to "professionals".
         | 
         | Not to mention the whole idea that trying to be successful is
         | "notions" and should be sneered at.
         | 
         | Edit: To compare -
         | 
         | Me: "I want to build a house"
         | 
         | Irish friends: "That's a bad idea, you'll never make it work,
         | you'll go bankrupt and it will kill you..."
         | 
         | California/Oregon friends: "Fuck yeah I'll bring a nailgun"
        
           | porker wrote:
           | (UK resident, born and bread) Yes this drives me absolutely
           | mad. I'm a poor risk taker and can come up with all those
           | reasons something's a bad idea, but when I've made up my mind
           | to take the risk I want supportive people around not people
           | who would rather you never tried anything outside their
           | "comfort zone".
           | 
           | And the problem runs in families. This is not therapy but
           | every time I talked to my parents about an idea it would be
           | dammed with faint praise or I'd be told I'm wasting my time.
           | It's taken 20 years to work out that the more they dissed an
           | idea is the better it actually was.
        
             | CalRobert wrote:
             | What nobody tells you is that doing nothing is also very
             | risky.
        
               | _hao wrote:
               | You could argue that doing nothing is actually more
               | risky! Nothing stays static in nature! You move/change or
               | you die!
        
           | tonyedgecombe wrote:
           | >"That's a bad idea, you'll never make it work, you'll go
           | bankrupt and it will kill you..."
           | 
           | There is an element of truth to that, self build projects
           | seem to go about was well as the typical software project.
        
             | CalRobert wrote:
             | We got ours built for what it's worth. Beautiful house,
             | though we ended up leaving.
        
           | Kallocain wrote:
           | I don't know what the regulations are in the UK, but in many
           | European countries, building a house isn't just about knowing
           | how to build a house, it's also about knowing all the DIN
           | requirements. These are necessary for insurance to pay out if
           | something happens to your house. Let's take a simple example:
           | You're wiring your house. Because of a mistake, the house
           | burns down.
           | 
           | Insurance: "Okay sir, who did the electrical wiring? you:
           | "Me". Insurance: "Are you a professional? you: "No"
           | Insurance: "Have you had your work certified by a third
           | party?" you: "Do my buddies count?" insurance: "Have a good
           | day sir"
           | 
           | There may never be a problem and you may have figured out
           | everything that's required to get your butt covered (good for
           | you in this case), but the fact is that a lot of people don't
           | know about these things, do their own thing and get royally
           | screwed if there's a problem and, God forbid, someone gets
           | hurt.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | I suspect that in any of the big cities in America you
             | can't just buy a plot and start building, for exactly the
             | same reasons. See also the complexities of CA fire
             | insurance.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | True, it's more common in rural areas. (I wasn't doing
               | this in the middle of Dublin)
        
         | Guthur wrote:
         | Circa 80% of world trade is done in USD, and the US literally
         | creates it out of thin air, and it will all bleed into the
         | economy somehow, someway.
         | 
         | Without sovereign protection you just can not compete with
         | that, ever. It's really that simple.
         | 
         | Simply look at China they may export loads of goods but it's
         | predominantly priced in USD, and what do they do with all that
         | excise USD, the only thing they can do, buy US debt. It's truly
         | perverse.
         | 
         | Or look at every UK company that was bought up with those very
         | same magic dollars.
        
         | gazchop wrote:
         | Quite frankly, it's cultural and the thing I hear a lot is
         | simply: fuck that for a job!
         | 
         | I could quite happily get on fine at one of those big American
         | style startups but I don't get excited about hype, I don't have
         | the work culture it demands and I don't have a price on my
         | soul. I'd rather earn a lot less, have extreme stability, have
         | better family time and balance. On top of that there's
         | something tasteless and unethical about a lot of the big
         | startups. Do they really bring good things to society? Do I
         | really want to be part of that?
         | 
         | If I can walk away with half the money, live a modest life and
         | stand with my principles intact, I will take that over twice
         | the money.
         | 
         | I don't think this is political at all. It's not a race either
         | and we have no innate responsibility to build things like this.
        
           | secondcoming wrote:
           | The part about that plan that worries me is the ageism in
           | software. I'm mid-forties and it's something I think about a
           | lot for when I have to get a new job.
           | 
           | Anyone young should go make as much money as possible, as
           | early as possible, so they can have the same outlook you do
           | in later life.
        
             | gazchop wrote:
             | Not really had any problems with that and I'm older than
             | you are. And quite frankly I didn't have any money really
             | until I hit about 35. I just lived within my means.
        
         | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
         | Same. I grew up in Canada and my country didn't fund my dreams.
         | The US did. It is a shame and the amount of loss that Canada
         | has every single year because the dumb VCs who exist in Canada
         | cannot look at that big picture.
         | 
         | For example, right now there is not a single VC in Canada who
         | does large pre seed / seed investments based on an idea and the
         | founding team.
         | 
         | In the US you can get a 1 million cheque within a week.
         | 
         | That is the real reason Canada is failing on a macro scale.
         | 
         | @dang hopefully I have kept this well balanced.
        
         | baxtr wrote:
         | I agree. But I wonder what's the underlying cause?
         | 
         | Europe wasn't like this for centuries. What is the cause of
         | this mindset?
        
           | nobodywillobsrv wrote:
           | Taxation. Socialism.
        
           | fmajid wrote:
           | In the UK's case, feudalism is alive and well. The entire tax
           | system is designed so parasites descended from thugs like the
           | Duke of Westminster or Charles of Battenberg-Saxe-Coburg und
           | Gotha never have to pay property taxes on their extensive
           | land holdings.
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | That was _worse_ in the 18th and 19th century, and yet
             | people were willing to ground new corporations back then.
             | 
             | I think the answer is something the left won't like - we
             | (Europe) are killing ourselves with bureaucracy, often
             | environmental bureaucracy. A road to hell paved with good
             | intentions.
             | 
             | The documentation to the Lower Thames Crossing, a planned
             | highway tunnel, already exceeds 360 000 pages. This is just
             | crazy.
             | 
             | https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/lower-thames-
             | crossin...
        
               | baxtr wrote:
               | I think you're right that was way worse before.
               | 
               | But on the bureaucracy: I don't think that's the real
               | cause it's rather a symptome.
               | 
               | The cause must be something related to expected rewards
               | and opportunity costs.
        
               | blitzar wrote:
               | The people who claim they didn't do something because of
               | "bureaucracy" or "regulation" were never going to do
               | anything anyway.
               | 
               | It is a generic handwavey excuse for losers who never
               | tried.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | It is often accomplished enterpreneurs who complain of
               | bureaucracy.
               | 
               | I remember reading a German enterpreneur's complaint that
               | he was unable to build an extra electric connection
               | between his two industrial buildings in Germany in less
               | than a year, due to endless rounds of permiting for that
               | single cable.
               | 
               | He contrasted the situation to Poland, where his
               | application on a similar site was processed in two weeks
               | and it took two more weeks to actually build the
               | connection.
               | 
               | If you think complaints of bureacracy have no merit,
               | maybe you never faced any. It now takes about 10 years to
               | get all permits for a regular block of flats in Prague,
               | Czechia. It used to be 3 years or so back in 2000, and it
               | takes only about 9 months in Denmark.
               | 
               | These are experienced developers, and they are still
               | stuck.
        
               | fmajid wrote:
               | Since Europe is to the left of the US, whatever the US is
               | doing right (pun intended) is bound to be something the
               | Left won't like.
               | 
               | The US also has plenty of bureaucracy, and what's worse,
               | a lot of it stems from Common Law and capricious courts
               | that interpret it, which is partly why large civil
               | engineering projects like upgrading the NYC subway cost
               | 4x more than the equivalents in Western Europe (minus the
               | UK) or Japan.
               | 
               | I think the biggest factor is the sheer size of the
               | unified US market and its economies of scale, and a
               | second one the fact the US Social Security is limited
               | compared to European retirement systems, and thus people
               | have to save in their pension funds, freeing up a huge
               | amount of capital for investment, while at the same time
               | creating enough competition that they don't have the
               | sense of entitlement that British feudals or continental
               | bankers have, leaving entrepreneurs with crumbs.
               | 
               | Source: I'm from France but I moved to San Francisco to
               | found my two startups, because I'm not a glutton for
               | punishment. Then again I moved to the UK (for family
               | reasons), so I guess I am a masochist after all.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Yeah, when you think of it, the US economies of scale are
               | huge.
               | 
               | In the European single market, you still don't have, for
               | example, an affordable parcel service. For a Czech e-shop
               | to send a package to France, as I did a few days ago, is
               | something around 12 eur postage fee. It would be 4 eur
               | within Czechia.
               | 
               | American e-shops can send packages from Florida to Alaska
               | for peanuts, and they don't have to bother with
               | translations into 20 languages.
        
           | anal_reactor wrote:
           | That's because risk-aversion and laziness are the smart
           | things to do. Yes, it would be cool to come up with the next
           | Facebook, but most financial advisors will tell you that the
           | actually best thing you can do is some form of "SP500 and
           | hold 20 years" because from the perspective of an individual,
           | the safe option provides the best expected outcome.
           | 
           | Similarly, why work yourself to the bone for a miniscule
           | chance of success, if you can... just chill instead? I used
           | to be a highly-motivated go-getter, but then I realized, this
           | shit ain't bringing happiness, and I turned into a work-
           | avoider who spends time in the office mostly talking to
           | coworkers and playing games in the toilet. My overall life
           | satisfaction skyrocketed.
           | 
           | Yes, the society at large does need people to do the needful,
           | but this ain't gonna be me.
        
             | baxtr wrote:
             | I definitely agree! But why is this different in the US?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | The us generally would do 95% in the safe s&p500 and the
               | other 5% in high risk things. The exact numbers varry of
               | course but that is a good rule of thumb for good future
               | growth.
        
               | baxtr wrote:
               | Ok makes sense. But that feels like a strategy Europe
               | could do as well. It doesn't sound absurd or too risky.
               | 
               | How come we don't do it?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | That is a great question. Also ask why you don't even if
               | nobody else does.
               | 
               | i have some ideas but my insight to europe is limited so
               | I'm at least half wrong.
        
         | graemep wrote:
         | > As a Brit, when I was raising the seed round for my startup,
         | UK and European VCs would consistently try to haggle you down
         | on price while the American VC's were exclusively focussed on
         | trying to figure out whether this could be a billion dollar
         | business or not (
         | 
         | Yes we have many comments on HN talking about how harmful the
         | US VCs attitude is because they force good businesses into
         | choosing between being unicorns and not getting funding.
         | 
         | I do not know the truth of it, but clearly its not obvious.
         | 
         | > Unfortunately the UK has not been well governed for 20 years
         | or so, and hence economic outcomes as a whole have been
         | abysmal.
         | 
         | I commented on this earlier. The UK's economic outcomes have
         | been similar to comparable European economies (like Germany)
         | and better than some (like France). Whatever the problem is,
         | its not unique to the UK:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42766107
         | 
         | I do not think the UK is well run, but I think the west in
         | general is badly run. Poorly thought out regulation, short
         | termism in both politics and business, a focus on metrics
         | subject to Goodhart's and Campbell's laws, and a poor
         | understanding of the rest of the work (leading to bad foreign
         | policy).
        
           | PakistaniDenzel wrote:
           | > The UK's economic outcomes have been similar to comparable
           | European economies (like Germany) and better than some (like
           | France)
           | 
           | Who says those countries were well governed though? IMO they
           | are all run by idealogical morons
        
             | graemep wrote:
             | I agree they were also badly governed - that is my point.
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | For the last 20 or 25 years the UK has been coasting on the
           | North Sea oil&gas money, I'd say that worked up until the
           | early 2010s, and then on the almost complete financialization
           | of its economy and on selling out whatever pieces of the
           | economy could still be sold out (that includes part of their
           | beloved NHS).
           | 
           | But that can only work for so long and is beneficial in the
           | medium to long-term for a very limited number of people
           | (basically the owners of said financial capital), at some
           | point you have to produce some real wealth, wealth produced
           | from real stuff via resources of the Earth + human ingenuity
           | and, yes, + human work.
        
             | graemep wrote:
             | I agree, but my point is that the France, Germany, and
             | other comparable European economies have the same or
             | similar problems. The UK is not some exception, it is a
             | typical western economy. The US is an outlier (doing
             | better).
             | 
             | > that includes part of their beloved NHS
             | 
             | A more severe problem is that the NHS was debt funded
             | (mostly through off balance sheet debt) in the 2000s. The
             | government kept their promise not to increase national debt
             | by disguising running up disguised debt in the NHS
             | 
             | Its also worth noting that a large chuck of NHS services,
             | GP services in particular, were always subcontracted to
             | private providers.
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | Germany was quite fine until a couple of years ago,
               | mostly thanks to very cheap Russian gas. About France I
               | agree, they have the same problems as the Brits do, maybe
               | because they lost access to cheap African mineral
               | resources as a result of Francafrique [1] ending? I
               | couldn't tell, to be honest.
               | 
               | But at the end of the day the point remains that if you
               | want to have a world-beating economy you need to have
               | access to relatively cheap inputs (which includes
               | energy), in large enough amounts, otherwise your economy
               | will just not make it. The Americans have that (people
               | forget how much of an economic boom gas fracking brought
               | with it), the Chinese have that (thanks to its very large
               | population and access to natural resources that is
               | reasonable enough, they're no 1930s Japan), India has
               | that (thanks to its very large and young population),
               | even Russia has that (thanks to its natural resources),
               | meanwhile Europe has almost no demographic advantage and
               | almost no natural resources left to exploit. "Innovation"
               | (which is also lacking) and financialization alone can
               | get you only so far.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7afrique
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | Germany's number one economic problem is energy costs.
               | Blaming the increase on Russian gas hits only a tiny
               | slice of the problem.
               | 
               | The real problem is a completely botched "energy
               | transition", which deprecated very important energy
               | sectors, which were still absolutely needed.
               | 
               | To be clear, I am in favor of renewables. One benefit is
               | that they create independence from the whims of the US
               | and Russia. Nevertheless the transition has been
               | completely botched, driving up energy costs and making
               | certain industries essentially non-viable.
               | 
               | The government focused on two things, increasing
               | renewable peak production and deprecating nuclear. What
               | they completely neglected is how to actually have a
               | sustainable grid, which can cheaply deliver energy even
               | with little sunshine and little wind. What was needed was
               | easily regulated power (e.g. nuclear) and sufficient
               | storage. Nuclear was completely abandoned and most
               | government incentives were focused on increasing peak
               | production, neglecting the storage of energy.
               | 
               | This is obviously harmful to the German industry, which
               | is electricity heavy. This problem has also been
               | consistently ignored and actively made worse in recent
               | years, by continuing to shut down nuclear plants, even if
               | it was clear that more energy production was needed.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | While legislation restricting innovation is a problem,
               | Germany, France, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, all have
               | the same bigger problem of expecting smaller and smaller
               | working populations to support bigger and bigger non
               | working populations.
               | 
               | In the long term, the level of wealth transfer in these
               | countries is not sustainable, and each year it
               | incentivizes those who produce to seek greener pastures
               | where they get more rewards.
               | 
               | Look at these population histograms:
               | 
               | https://www.populationpyramid.net/united-kingdom/2024/
               | 
               | https://www.populationpyramid.net/germany/2024/
               | 
               | https://www.populationpyramid.net/france/2024/
               | 
               | https://www.populationpyramid.net/italy/2024/
               | 
               | https://www.populationpyramid.net/spain/2024/
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | You could outgrow the problem, by increasing individual
               | productivity or you can stop the wealth transfer. It will
               | stop sooner or later anyway.
               | 
               | I made some comments elsewhere about the long term. It is
               | delusional to think that it is possible to continually
               | have jobs that pay significantly more than identical jobs
               | elsewhere in the world.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Yes, but the two are related because increasing earned
               | income tax and other taxes to fund non workers on people
               | who do work sap the incentive to work in a manner that
               | increases productivity (either via working more hours or
               | working on hard problems).
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | Absolutely, definitely those two problems can only be
               | solved together. Although right now I see very little
               | effort going in that direction. If anything social
               | benefits and taxes are increasing.
               | 
               | Germany's progressive tax system also directly
               | incentivizes working fewer hours, as the more you work
               | the smaller your hourly wage becomes.
        
               | turbojerry wrote:
               | It's not a surprise that EU countries perform similarly
               | as they have to abide by the same laws and therefore are
               | all restricted in the same ways. For example EU drone
               | regulations prohibit the flying of autonomous drones
               | therefore killing innovation in that area.
        
           | robertlagrant wrote:
           | > Yes we have many comments on HN talking about how harmful
           | the US VCs attitude is because they force good businesses
           | into choosing between being unicorns and not getting funding.
           | 
           | HN has a very wide range of economic opinions, and some
           | people are extremely uninformed about what it takes to do
           | hard things that can't be grown organically, and what it
           | takes to maintain a business running when it's done the hard
           | thing in the face of competition.
        
             | ktallett wrote:
             | Most of the issues here relate to scale and actual quality
             | of the idea/business in the first place. Hard things can
             | really be split into, challenging but a problem to solve,
             | or this never should have become a business. The former
             | will work well with the right sort of investors. The latter
             | will eventually sink, the investors simply provide money
             | and poor ideas such as trying to incorporate AI into every
             | business model.
        
           | Marazan wrote:
           | It's because post GFC the USA stimulated and the EU went all
           | in on austerity.
           | 
           | It is fairly clear what was the best option.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Under-rated comment. This is basically the whole
             | explanation. 2008 did a _huge_ amount of damage, not just
             | immediately but to long-term mindsets. Ironically I think
             | it 's even entrenched the meme that the only real way to
             | make money in the UK is property. We're all Georgists now.
             | 
             | (this includes property as an export industry! Leaving
             | increasing areas of the UK owned by overseas absentee
             | landlords.)
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | The problem is that people think property is a risk free
               | way of making money - even if they borrow heavily to
               | invest. Maybe what we need is a property price crash.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | I'm not sure a property price crash would achieve this
               | goal.
               | 
               | You will have to decide for yourself if I'm speaking from
               | experience or have motivated reasoning, as I'm saying
               | this as an overseas absentee landlord who bought a UK
               | apartment around the tail end of the previous price
               | crash, initially as a place to live in until I decided
               | the UK wasn't for me any more, and was rich enough to do
               | so without a mortgage.
               | 
               | (I left the UK in 2018 due to a mix of Brexit and
               | technological incompetence in the form of the
               | Investigatory Powers Act. Would have left UK sooner but
               | for parent with Alzheimer's).
               | 
               | Reason being: the income from housing doesn't have to
               | come from reselling houses (which a price crash would
               | impact) -- I'm collecting rent, not flipping property.
               | Forecasts future increases to rental rates suggests it
               | won't keep getting worse (relative to general inflation)
               | than it already is for renters, but it's already
               | obviously quite bad.
        
               | hardlianotion wrote:
               | In the UK it more or less is a risk free way to make
               | money. The government's hand is always seen when a danger
               | to the property market prices hoves into sight.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Nearest we came was ... 2008, with all that implies. I
               | don't think we can have a property price crash until the
               | population starts net-declining.
        
               | rjsw wrote:
               | We could start applying capital gains tax to a primary
               | residence.
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | >Maybe what we need is a property price crash.
               | 
               | What is needed is a steady decrease in demand or an
               | increase in supply.
               | 
               | The cost of living crisis is directly caused by the huge
               | bureaucracy needed to build new housing. And speculators
               | are benefiting from that. As long as governments are
               | unwilling to let go of regulations housing costs will
               | only increase.
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | There is no appetite for increasing supply anywhere in
               | the West. Maybe Trump will get us into WWIII and we can
               | shift the demand curve.
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | >There is no appetite for increasing supply anywhere in
               | the West.
               | 
               | Every single person who currently is looking to rent or
               | buy a house has appetite for increasing market supply.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | None of those people have enough political power.
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | In Germany it is somewhere around 55% of the population.
        
             | graemep wrote:
             | The UK did not choose austerity:
             | 
             | https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-
             | briefings/sn06...
             | 
             | but still has worse growth than the US.
        
               | robbie-c wrote:
               | Can you explain how your link supports your argument?
               | 
               | The conservatives ran austerity-based policies for the
               | last 14 years. Is your argument that they did not have a
               | choice?
        
               | UK-AL wrote:
               | Have you seen the national debt under the conservatives?
               | It's massively increased.
        
               | nd wrote:
               | The UK government did, for all intents and purposes,
               | choose austerity after the pandemic: https://en.m.wikiped
               | ia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_government_au....
        
               | jahnu wrote:
               | They most certainly did
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_government_a
               | ust...
               | 
               | What they didn't do, unlike PIGS, was also tough reforms
               | which are paying back now
               | 
               | https://www.reuters.com/breakingviews/flying-piigs-
               | nations-s...
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | The Conservative party used austerity rhetoric as a way
               | to win votes, but they did not cut spending other than
               | reversion to the mean after the high spending around
               | 2008.
               | 
               | See here for international comparison of government
               | spending as % of GDP (the second figure showing trends
               | over time), UK is not an outlier:
               | 
               | https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/exp@FPP/USA/GBR/C
               | ZE/...
        
           | marcinzm wrote:
           | > Yes we have many comments on HN talking about how harmful
           | the US VCs attitude is because they force good businesses
           | into choosing between being unicorns and not getting funding.
           | 
           | Most of those are people complaining about a business having
           | to make changes because it took $50+m in funding and now
           | needs to justify it. The business was only "good" because it
           | got $50m and didn't need to do things like charge enough
           | money. If it hadn't gotten that $50m then those people
           | wouldn't consider it such a good business or even know about
           | it.
        
         | zipy124 wrote:
         | The safe job earns much much more unless you are the founder.
         | Equity pay for start-ups in the UK for devs is very poor, or
         | non-existent, and the base salary also very poor (and not even
         | guaranteed to be paid if they go under). You can instead work
         | for a company like nvidia, google or meta and get a huge base,
         | and nice equity on top.
         | 
         | If UK startups paid equity to their devs, I would work a lot
         | harder when I've worked at them, but startups require working
         | hard and long hours and if I've got no skin in the game, what
         | incetive do I have to make sure the company is successful.
        
           | shawabawa3 wrote:
           | I've been shocked in my career in the UK by just how much
           | founders will rip people off on equity
           | 
           | In basically every UK startup I've worked at they've done 1
           | or all of the below:
           | 
           | 1. Offered options in numbers with no valuation/percentage of
           | ownership. "We offer you 40000 stock options!". When asked to
           | clarify numbers, they delay and never tell you. Inevitably
           | they have a value of a few pence each
           | 
           | 2. Withdraw options unilaterally when you leave the company
           | with no option to exercise
           | 
           | 3. Never get round to filling in the paperwork so you never
           | actually receive them
           | 
           | I was _shocked_ when i worked for my first US startup and
           | they just...gave me the options. And I could exercise them
           | whenever I wanted. And they expired 10 years after I left the
           | company
        
         | troupo wrote:
         | > The UK lost Deep Mind - which could have been OpenAI!! -- to
         | Google.
         | 
         | You're focusing on one success story out of thousands.
         | 
         | 90%, or more, of US startups only exist to be sold to the
         | highest bidder or to coast indefinitely long in infinite
         | investor money, and never turn a profit.
         | 
         | There's still expectation in Europe at large that your company
         | should have an actual business plan and a path to
         | profitability.
        
           | blitzar wrote:
           | + DeepMind and its founders are _the_ examples of founders
           | who beat the game
        
           | dukeyukey wrote:
           | I don't think thats's true in the UK as much. Loads of
           | startups here follow the US model.
        
         | bjackman wrote:
         | Not just in startups. Feels like Arm lost almost their whole
         | software division over a few years. This was an extremely
         | stable high-profit-margin business, and it was obvious that it
         | was uncompetitive on the labour market. But something in the
         | culture stopped management from increasing salaries, so
         | everyone buggered off to foreign companies.
         | 
         | I hear they fixed it eventually but seems like an unnecessary
         | loss.
        
         | aa-jv wrote:
         | >There are probably political reasons as well.
         | 
         | There are definitely political - and ultimately, military-
         | industrial - reasons for this. The UK is deeply, deeply
         | embedded in the Anglo-centric 5-eyes criminal superstructure,
         | and plays a huge part in the subversion of human rights at
         | immense scale around the world, that this criminal entity
         | commits every second of the day.
         | 
         | The spook factor bleeds into _every technological advancement
         | which occurs in the UK_ , from GCHQ outwards, like a kraken
         | with deep, deep tentacles.
         | 
         | I've worked with multiple UK-based startups which, as soon as
         | they start to gain traction in international waters/markets,
         | immediately becomes the target for GCHQ embedding/plants. This
         | kills the startup.
         | 
         | Until the British people start prosecuting their war criminals
         | and seeks justice for the immense human rights abuses that
         | occur, every millisecond of every day, as a result of their out
         | of control military-industrial oppression apparatus, there is
         | simply no hope for UK technological industry.
         | 
         | The world sees this, even if the people of the UK do not - and
         | routes around it, accordingly.
         | 
         | Nobody really wants to work with UK-based technology groups,
         | knowing that they are liable for immediate corruption the
         | moment their technology becomes relevant to, say, the people of
         | Brazil, or Africa, or China.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | > immediately becomes the target for GCHQ embedding/plants.
           | 
           | I'd be interested to hear more about this.
        
         | fadesibert wrote:
         | Brit / American checking in and agreeing. My first startup was
         | a B2B SaaS and hiring in the UK was fantastic - the arbitrage
         | was just silly. Experienced software developers (10+ years) @
         | GBP 70k / year - and that was close to non-finance full-market
         | pay. The same people were averaging $250k in NYC / SF.
         | 
         | And yet, the UK hires were often _better off_ after all
         | expenses than the US hires.
         | 
         | Largely due to housing being _slightly_ cheaper (other posters
         | have pointed out, London is on par with SF  / NY - the big
         | difference being London expands, NYC and SF are both "islands"
         | - yes SF is a peninsula, but commuting up 280 or 101 is not a
         | pleasant experienced).
         | 
         | Also, even offering private healthcare (BUPA) - the UK hires
         | were cheaper. I'm in my late 30s and reasonably healthy - my
         | all-in, gold-plated UK policy was GBP 2k / year - I was at
         | $2,000 / _month_ in the US.
         | 
         | * _However*_ - salaries in the UK are unsustainably low.
         | 
         | Three reasons: [1] BOMAD - The Bank of Mom and Dad (parents
         | paying / lending the deposit for a house so the mortgage is at
         | a low rate) is effectively exhausted. This means that current
         | entrants into the housing market are either renting (which is
         | nearly as expensive as NYC, especially after the inflationary /
         | interest rate jump), or saving to "buy" a house (I enclose in
         | quotes because at a 95% mortgage you don't own much of your
         | house). [2] Professional salaries outside of finance are way
         | too low. My fiancee works in a highly skilled, professional
         | field and her salary in 2024 was, in _nominal terms_ the same
         | as my starting salary in NYC 17 years ago working for a large
         | investment bank _IN THE BACK OFFICE_ - where salaries were
         | decidedly blue-collar. My unproven hypothesis is that the UK
         | professional world is still largely geared towards those with
         | alternative assets, private incomes (especially high-prestige
         | non-professional jobs, especially around politics). This makes
         | it _impossible_ to compete with US venture backed startups,
         | even post-ZIRP, because the offer is always going to be better.
         | And yet that private-income driven base has largely been eroded
         | through capital gains, inheritance tax and general downward
         | social mobility (or, perhaps, less doom-and-gloom - averaging
         | towards the center. The difference in wealth and income between
         | the upper-middle class and the lower-middle class has narrowed
         | significantly). [3] There has been over the last 5-7 years
         | significant negative messaging and tax policy against economic
         | success. A confiscatory top-tax band, an erosion of a  "job
         | perks" friendly tax regime and a political climate that is very
         | anti-success, even prior to the labour govt (largely started at
         | the same time, though perhaps not by, Theresa May's 2015 speech
         | and focus on "Just about managing").
         | 
         | VC in the UK is hard, largely because the majority (though by
         | no means all) VCs are focused on aping mid-market pension
         | managers. Their ambition is limited to businesses that already
         | work (and yet anything transformative by definition does not
         | work yet) - and are interested mostly in post-revenue companies
         | with linear or lightly superlinear growth.
         | 
         | This, IMNSHO, is largely caused by the fact that, given state
         | expenditure and the corp and personal tax burden, there simply
         | isn't enough capital for US style VC - the portfolio approach
         | requires capital to absorb failures. Most VCs here cannot
         | afford failure.
         | 
         | The closest we get is the EIS / SEIS tax policy, which allows
         | the offsetting of losses in failed businesses (by the
         | equivalent of Accredited Investors) - as well as a friendly Cap
         | Gains treatment of successes. But these are largely made as
         | common stock investments by individuals - and limited to a very
         | small scale.
         | 
         | Which brings me to my final point - the SAFE note is not only
         | not ubiquitous here, it's rare. Even pre-seed investments are
         | either common stock or (more rarely) convertible notes. This
         | requires a level of diligence (even on small tickets) that make
         | capital formation incredibly burdensome.
         | 
         | There's absolutely a path to resolving this - but the UK first
         | has to make a political and cultural decision to embrace
         | startup-led GDP growth, which is has not yet made.
        
         | jakey_bakey wrote:
         | Been there before, and wrote about the experience -
         | https://blog.jacobstechtavern.com/p/yes-actually-means-no-th...
         | 
         | US vs UK investors are night and day. UK investors only want to
         | see profitability to protect their cautious capital
        
         | 946789987649 wrote:
         | Going through our pre-seed round atm and it is incredibly
         | frustrating. I haven't raised in the US so it may be similar
         | there, but the amount of time wasted for a relatively small
         | amount of money is painful.
         | 
         | I'm also not sure what the government can do. SEIS/EIS is a
         | great scheme, but the SEIS limit of PS250k feels almost too
         | small to do anything meaningful, and EIS funds are generally
         | later stage or re-investment from SEIS.
        
         | Shinchy wrote:
         | I agree and it's a real shame, we used to spearhead some of the
         | most initiative companies in technology (Acorn, Arm, Sinclair,
         | Sage, Deepmind). Now it's just a shadow, while places like
         | Silicon Valley or Stockholm have jetted ahead the UK just sort
         | of stagnated - it's kind of embarrassing.
        
         | constantcrying wrote:
         | European countries do not want start-ups to exist. The barriers
         | e.g. Germany puts up make it extremely difficult for any start
         | up to exist.
         | 
         | Not only is the bureaucracy difficult, the labor laws make it
         | very difficult to hire and compensate talent.
         | 
         | Germany wants innovation to be done by large corporations, not
         | by start ups.
        
         | marcinzm wrote:
         | My view is that the US startup culture exists because of wealth
         | inequality at the $1-$20m net worth level. Wealth inequality is
         | socially incentivized at that level because of the lack of a
         | decent social safety net. If you don't save money then at 50
         | you may end up homeless on the street due to bad luck. But if
         | you don't get bad luck then you end up at 50 with a large
         | amount of money that you don't have much to do with. So you
         | start investing some in riskier things because who cares.
         | 
         | US founders not from wealthy backgrounds can often get $500k
         | from friends and family. I doubt those in the UK can do so.
         | 
         | There's massive massive social costs due to this in the US so
         | be careful what you wish for.
        
         | petesergeant wrote:
         | I was also trying to raise recently. It's interesting to me
         | that the UK has an absolutely incredibly generous startup
         | investment scheme (SEIS)[0], and still hasn't managed to make
         | this work. SEIS is ludicrously generous, and should make
         | getting funding a breeze in the UK, and yet ... somehow it
         | isn't.
         | 
         | 0: If a few hurdles are jumped through, then an investor who
         | gives you PS250k can get PS125k relief on their income tax (not
         | what they'd have paid on PS125k, literally the whole PS125k),
         | and then claim a further 50% back of the remainder from the
         | government if you go bust.
        
         | yobbo wrote:
         | Set UK/EU tech salaries at maybe 30%-50% of US, and factor in
         | higher taxes. Then integrate over 40 years, resulting in a
         | number from which investments can be drawn. Add to the
         | corresponding US number all the profitable exits from previous
         | ventures. There's just so much more US investment capital
         | available.
         | 
         | It can be argued that a responsibility falls on EU equity
         | companies, pension funds, and so on, but they do not make seed
         | investments.
        
         | mbesto wrote:
         | As a former founder (formerly living in London) trying to raise
         | VC funding in London this is exactly what my experience.
         | 
         | I once did a pitch contest and they required we put together a
         | business plan with financials. You want me to...what? Who on
         | earth can read a pro forma for a pre-revenue SaaS business and
         | say "ah yes this is worth of investment because this pro forma
         | looks great".
         | 
         | London is all about banking and it shows.
        
       | LarsDu88 wrote:
       | Ad services, once it was monopolized by Google and Facebook
       | really warped the value of the software engineering profession
       | over other areas.
       | 
       | Software is incredibly valuable, but there are other technology
       | areas that are much harder and equally as valuable (if not more
       | so when augmented with good software).
       | 
       | A lot of software engineers who only know the last 20 years have
       | inflated egos as results.
       | 
       | How many technology experts suddenly became public health experts
       | overnight when COVID-19 hit? And how many of these same people
       | continue to parrot the same bullshit after over 1 million
       | American deaths?
        
       | James_K wrote:
       | God, this place is such a sh*thole (literally if you count the
       | sewage in the water). It's depressing. Every week, X is going
       | downhill, Y is failing, we're out of money. I am so hopeless
       | about my country's future. I feel that this is our century of
       | humiliation.
        
         | blast wrote:
         | Hopefully we'll at least get something new out of it, like punk
         | rock the last time.
        
         | smartties wrote:
         | This seems to be the case for most European countries,
         | particularly here in France. We're experiencing stagnation, or
         | perhaps even a decline. Launching a product in Europe is
         | significantly more challenging due to the market's high
         | fragmentation. I don't have much hope for the future of tech
         | companies in Europe.
        
           | tokioyoyo wrote:
           | If it makes you feel better, I'm having a hard time to think
           | of a single country with more than 10M people that doesn't
           | have the same problem.
        
             | alecco wrote:
             | The problem is policy is oriented to growing GDP and not
             | GDP per capita. Large corporations benefit from GDP growth
             | and lower wages, so they incentivize the political class to
             | grow the population artificially (wink-wink).
        
               | nobodywillobsrv wrote:
               | The other problem is the welfare state or just the state.
               | So much graft and just living off printed money. It
               | pushes out success. What percent of the UK is effectively
               | civil servants or people receiving benefits? What percent
               | are net takers? A lot
        
               | anonymousDan wrote:
               | Why do you equate civil servants with people receiving
               | benefits? What a load of nonsense.
        
               | truckerbill wrote:
               | it's more about wealth. You need a functioning welfare
               | state to allow people to take risks
        
               | youngtaff wrote:
               | Most of the benefits bill in the UK is paid to people who
               | receive the the state pension
               | 
               | Of the others it's split between those who don't earn
               | enough from work i.e. their employers don't pay them
               | enough to live on so those benefits are essentially
               | subsidising companies
               | 
               | And the other large chunk is people who aren't fit to
               | work, this increased as a result of Covid but also the
               | underfunding of health / social care by the previous
               | government
               | 
               | The civil service isn't that big but the largest influx
               | of people was caused by Brexit and the need to duplicate
               | many of the things that didn't need to be separate when
               | part of the EU
               | 
               | The people who've been living off printed money as those
               | with assets, almost all the gains from the cheap money
               | supply over the last 15 or so years has gone to the well
               | off
        
               | sealeck wrote:
               | > The other problem is the welfare state or just the
               | state. So much graft and just living off printed money.
               | It pushes out success.
               | 
               | I see these uninformed comments all the time, and to be
               | they suggest that the person in question has an intense
               | ideological bent, but an aversion to evidence. As another
               | commenter pointed out, a large amount of UK benefits
               | spending (~PS100bn) is on the state pension (the single
               | largest benefit).
               | 
               | You are correct that there are a large number of
               | economically inactive people in the UK (something like
               | 20% of working-age people). We have had at least 50 years
               | of government presupposing that the problem here is that
               | these people are lazy, and a little stick will motivate
               | them back to work. The mere fact that this has not worked
               | (and we have tried it repeatedly) might suggest that the
               | problem is a bit more complex than this.
               | 
               | One issue is that the general health of the population is
               | very poor. Unfortunately, improving this is a very hard
               | problem. I think people underestimate just how hard. If
               | you could solve this, you would create hundreds of
               | billions of pounds in value (I am not underestimating).
               | Presumably some starting points would be working out how
               | to lower the costs of fruit and vegetables and increase
               | the cost of ultra-processed fast food. Not sure what else
               | helps here. I would give this a read:
               | https://billmitchell.org/blog/?p=61595
               | 
               | The other problem is that there are no jobs for the
               | people in question, so even if they want to work (or are
               | heavily incentivised to do so) they are not able to. The
               | government can create some employment for these people,
               | but a better vocational training system might help here.
               | 
               | The graft and living off printed money I do see is mostly
               | in housing - people in the UK love to own and rent out
               | houses. This means that (compared to e.g.
               | Germany/Switzerland/Austria) there are very weak
               | protections for renters. Additionally, when house prices
               | are really high it makes it very challenging to build
               | industries on top of this.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | > Presumably some starting points would be working out
               | how to lower the costs of fruit and vegetables and
               | increase the cost of ultra-processed fast food.
               | 
               | Britain has implemented a sugar tax, but I despair when
               | even a right-wing governments attempt to make walking and
               | cycling easier falls victim to culture war nonsense.
        
           | monero-xmr wrote:
           | It's exhausting trying to explain this to American leftists.
           | They believe the UK / EU is rich, their healthcare is amazing
           | and "free", and no one has to work more than 35 hours a week.
           | They visit London and Paris once in 10 years for vacation and
           | think they understand the economic order.
        
             | riffraff wrote:
             | Both things can be true: I am happy with the European
             | welfare state and still think there are structural
             | problems.
             | 
             | UK and EU _are_ rich, even if their economy is not doing
             | great.
        
               | alecco wrote:
               | European corporations and political class are rich and
               | benefit from high GDP stimulated by mass migration and
               | foreign funds cornering the housing market.
               | 
               | But European salaries are stagnating and job security is
               | dropping like a stone, while the cost of living is
               | steadily rising. And public healthcare is getting
               | terrible with months of wait for an appointment.
               | 
               | Spain is now used as example of a growing economy in EU
               | but youth unemployment is high and rising and wages are
               | peanuts compared to housing. A lot of native Spanish kids
               | are just checking out. I guess the Spanish corporations
               | and foreign investors are having a blast. And the boomers
               | with their fat pensions and renting their real estate
               | portfolio.
               | 
               | Of note, the same is happening even in China. I feel
               | really bad for Gen Z.
        
             | CalRobert wrote:
             | Ah yes, my fabulous Dutch healthcare basically consisting
             | of being told "you're fine" and overpriced acetaminophen.
        
               | makingstuffs wrote:
               | Sounds like the non-existent British NHS where getting an
               | appointment to see a doctor is about as likely as meeting
               | the Loch Ness Monster for a spot of tea and crumpets.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | Ironically when we were living in Ireland and my daughter
               | was going to have to wait 16 months to get a suspicious
               | growth checked for cancer it was the UK that made it
               | possible for us to go to a private clinic near Belfast
               | and have her checked in a week. And it still wasn't even
               | expensive. Free healthcare isn't actually free if you die
               | waiting.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | It used to be the jewel in the crown of empire though.
               | 
               | Thatcher and the more recent 14 years of UK Conservative
               | government seemed to have kicked it bloody and senseless
               | like Alex and his droogs from the Korova Milkbar.
        
               | alecco wrote:
               | Only the Conservatives? You think Blair, Brown, and now
               | Starmer did great things for the country? Give me a
               | break. The whole political class is rotten. And the
               | upcoming "Reform UK" is a joke, to say the least.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | > You think Blair, Brown, and now Starmer did great
               | things for the country?
               | 
               | No, but apparently _you_ think that I think that. Perhaps
               | you might like to work through that again ...
               | 
               | Leaving the state of the UK as a whole to one side, the
               | NHS was actively kicked like a dog prior to Blair who did
               | at least stop kicking it and attempt to reverse the
               | decline with some, albeit limited, success.
               | 
               | eg: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1871752/
        
               | alecco wrote:
               | The comment I replied to only places blame on
               | Conservatives. There is a name for this: "lying by
               | omission".
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | The NHS and the Empire don't really overlap. It was
               | founded right at the end of the war, shortly before the
               | UK started having to divest from its colonies, and of
               | course it was never a thing in any of the non-UK
               | colonies!
               | 
               | I often think the NHS was only founded as a result of the
               | war, as an extension of the military and civilian
               | healthcare needs for injury care. German bombers didn't
               | respect the British class system.
        
               | amenhotep wrote:
               | I'm currently being treated by the NHS and they've been
               | excellent, and I got a same day appointment with a doctor
               | last week.
               | 
               | Admittedly I did phone the surgery at 0800 to get it. But
               | this is awful hyperbole.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | Certainly not my experience. Phone up for an appointment
               | and get it same day.
               | 
               | Seems to be a postcode lottery
        
               | zelos wrote:
               | Please don't tell me the grass isn't really greener in
               | the Netherlands. Moving over there (from SE England) is
               | one of my dreams.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | It's nice here! My kids can bike to school and not be
               | killed. But the health care is... meh.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | And yet you pay more per capita than the UK
        
             | James_K wrote:
             | You should understand that the American situation is, in
             | fact, much worse than ours in many ways. For instance, the
             | average American pays a 40% tax rate compared to our 25%
             | once you account for healthcare.
        
               | monero-xmr wrote:
               | The majority of Americans pay 0% tax. They get free
               | healthcare via Medicaid or Obamacare, and get refunded
               | any taxes paid by the EITC.
               | 
               | The richest Americans pay an outsized amount of taxes.
               | 
               | The upper middle class pays a very low tax rate. If your
               | family income is less than $500,000 per year, your
               | blended tax rate will be around 35%.
               | 
               | Europeans do pay taxes for their healthcare. You can't
               | "hide" the taxes Europeans pay, that is illogical
        
             | constantcrying wrote:
             | American leftist discourse about Europe is always
             | hilarious. Apparently someone forgot to tell them that the
             | "free" healthcare just means that it is forcibly deducted
             | from your pay and only "free" if you don't work (Free
             | meaning the people who work pay for you). Also they forget
             | to mention that the actual health care system is
             | chronically understaffed and that you should avoid the
             | hospital if at all possible and that you might wait months
             | to see a specialist.
             | 
             | Car discourse is another very good one. Apparently
             | Europeans just really hate cars and take bikes/busses
             | everywhere. They seem to genuinely believe that the US is
             | the only country in the world with a car culture.
        
           | realusername wrote:
           | I lived and worked in both countries and I feel like the UK
           | is in a worse situation than France nowadays.
           | 
           | It's hard to admit for French citizens but the EU
           | significantly props up the French economy and reduces the
           | structural issues of the country.
        
             | sebmellen wrote:
             | EU meaning... Germany?
        
               | realusername wrote:
               | EU meaning the rest of the EU, Germany included but
               | everybody else is contributing to the common market
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | Germany provides about the same contribution to EU GDP as
               | California and Texas do to the US.
               | 
               | The top 8/51 states(+dc) generate 50% of US GDP, the top
               | 3/27 EU generate EU.
               | 
               | The bottom half of EU states generate just 9% of EU GDP,
               | but then the bottom half of US states generate 14%
        
             | iLoveOncall wrote:
             | I have also lived in both and I agree with you. The UK is a
             | lot worse.
             | 
             | At least France has some things going for it, healthcare is
             | still good, unemployment benefits are good, etc.
             | 
             | The UK has literally nothing to show for.
        
             | alecco wrote:
             | Arguing about which sinking ship is going down faster.
        
               | izacus wrote:
               | When in reality neither are actually sinking.
        
           | DaedPsyker wrote:
           | A few here have commented on different aspects, and they have
           | their part to play but I agree with you, market fragmentation
           | is the scale killer.
           | 
           | From an outside perspective it might appear like Europe is a
           | true single market like the US but it isn't. Scaling to a
           | European level isn't impossible but it is difficult. Some of
           | that will just be difficult to do anything about, language,
           | different cultures, etc. On the political side I'm sure there
           | is plenty more the EU can do but I don't see the will.
        
             | James_K wrote:
             | Market fragmentation is a measurable phenomenon, as far as
             | a language goes. The language barrier is just the cost of a
             | translator. Is that cost prohibitively high in Europe? I
             | hear a lot of explanations of why Europe has fewer tech
             | companies than America, but they are almost never backed by
             | statistics. The most obvious answer continues to be the
             | Bretton Woods system, by which large amounts of money are
             | funnelled into America, seemingly without reason. China
             | inverts this flow by debasing its currency, and Europe does
             | not.
        
               | sealeck wrote:
               | > The language barrier is just the cost of a translator.
               | 
               | Is it?
               | 
               | > Market fragmentation is a measurable phenomenon, as far
               | as a language goes.
               | 
               | Market fragmentation isn't about language fragmentation -
               | the EU has no single market for services currently, which
               | means if you want to launch a product EU-wide you are
               | effectively launching a product in 27 different
               | countries. There is some harmonization, but not much. If
               | you launch a product in the US you have a large fully
               | harmonized single market.
        
               | izacus wrote:
               | The most bizarre thing is that the loudest critics of EUs
               | market fragmentation are usually the most aggressive
               | blockers of integration that would mitigate these issues.
        
               | James_K wrote:
               | What exactly is the current single market for services
               | lacking?
               | 
               | https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-
               | market/ser...
               | 
               | They seem to have a lot of bases covered.
        
           | eunos wrote:
           | Well specifically for engineering-related products (both
           | software and hardware).
           | 
           | How can you thrive and be competitive when your competitors
           | in the far-east work for >60 hours per week with a solid
           | ecosystem and generous support from the government?
           | 
           | I am specifically worried about the future of European
           | engineering, unlike US you have much smaller capitals and
           | moats. Many of the products are sustained mainly by legacy
           | built by your predecessors.
           | 
           | If nothing changes then by next-generation most if not all
           | would be devoured by chaebols, Asian Sovereign Wealth Funds,
           | or American PEs. You'll have to work for >60 hours but they
           | not you will enjoy the surplus. Take your poison.
           | 
           | Quantity has a quality of its own.
        
         | mhh__ wrote:
         | The good news is that a relatively small amount of aggressive
         | planning reform (namely, firing everyone involved and never
         | calling it "planning" ever again) will fix most of the
         | (fixable...) worst aspects of modern Britain.
         | 
         | We banned building stuff in 1947, we can undo it.
        
           | Earw0rm wrote:
           | The problem isn't building stuff, it's building stuff where
           | stuff needs to be.
           | 
           | We built plenty of out-of-town shopping centres, business
           | parks and industrial estates in the 70s, 80s, 90s. We stopped
           | because it turns out they're, for the most part, shit. Given
           | the choice, people will WFH and order off Amazon rather than
           | go within a mile of these places.
           | 
           | What we need is to tackle the vested interests in the towns
           | and cities themselves, as an example you can't grow most of
           | our university cities at the edges without much better
           | transit through the centres (trams at least, maybe metro
           | rail). But the very suggestion and the preservation crowd as
           | well as the existing suburbanites lose their shit.
           | 
           | And this is against a backdrop of rural and less educated
           | people mistrusting anything going on in the growth cities,
           | and I don't just mean London.
        
             | CalRobert wrote:
             | BUUUT MuHHH PAAARRRKiiiiNNNGGGG!! (And house values). And
             | we can't _possibly_ make the town look different than it
             | did in 1972 because "heritage".
             | 
             | We're talking about a bunch of crusty old church biddies
             | who will literally force you to put the most godawful,
             | hideous house covering in the history of man BACK on your
             | house because they're terrified of being reminded it's not
             | the 70's.
             | 
             | (Sorry for the mail link)
             | https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2592033/Put-
             | pebble-...
        
               | Earw0rm wrote:
               | Accurate.
               | 
               | In fact, the only post 1972 thing you ARE allowed to do
               | is pave over your front garden and park two Jeep
               | Cherokees (neither of which actually fit in the available
               | space) on it.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | Ah yes, it's a delight that the pavements are now covered
               | in SUV's too because they're too big to park legally.
               | Very in keeping with the distinct cultural heritage of
               | the area.
        
               | Earw0rm wrote:
               | But build a bike lane or even a bike shed, and they'll
               | drag the city council all the way to the EU Supreme
               | Court, even though half of that demographic voted Brexit.
        
               | happymellon wrote:
               | And the neighbours don't have any of that awful looking
               | pebble dash.
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | Yes there are ridiculous rules like that are enforced.
               | However tbh she should have checked first.
               | 
               | Rules around how the area should look, should be decided
               | by people that live there. There are many better examples
               | where it makes a lot of sense for the locals to be strict
               | about rules about what can be erected.
               | 
               | I used to live near the Village of Corfe Castle.
               | Generally the argument is that the place would lose its
               | character and it won't be the same place anymore if it
               | didn't keep its distinctive look.
               | 
               | https://corfecastle.co.uk/the-village/
               | 
               | If you would just start building places that don't fit in
               | with the rest of the village. The village wouldn't have
               | it character and thus it wouldn't have its tourism in the
               | Summer as a result.
               | 
               | There countless towns and village with a bunch of
               | heritage that literally goes back maybe a millennia and
               | the argument that we should throw this away to build a
               | load of crap houses (new houses BTW are awful, I've
               | looked at many in the last few years) is completely
               | asinine.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | But it's _good_ when houses look different. Growing up my
               | family would drive around new developments and say "ugg,
               | these cookie-cutter houses all look the same, I miss when
               | you we built unique and individual houses" and then it's
               | jarring to move somewhere where people value conformity
               | above all else and being different is considered bad. God
               | forbid your house has eaves.
               | 
               | Explains a lot, actually.
               | 
               | I'm not talking about knocking down thousand-year old
               | houses. I note that your example doesn't seem to have a
               | problem putting car parks in, incidentally. But "locals"
               | (aka old people with enormous amounts of time on their
               | hands who bizarrely feel the right to tell other people
               | what their home should look like) insisting that
               | everything stay mediocre forever because they grew up
               | with it this way is a bit much.
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | I think it is perfectly fine that people that actually
               | _live_ in an area get to decide what it looks like. If
               | people don 't involve themselves in that process and it
               | is monopolized by people "with too much time on their
               | hands" that is their fault. If they don't like the busy
               | bodies then they should _make time_ and actually go to
               | the meetings.
               | 
               | You decide you own level of involvement in the community.
               | 
               | > I note that your example doesn't seem to have a problem
               | putting car parks in, incidentally.
               | 
               | It is very interesting that whenever you bring up an
               | example where it illustrates a particular point well,
               | they will try to find _anything_ they can point to so
               | they can dismiss the general point being made. Guess
               | what, a place in rural England that you can only travel
               | easily to via car or coach will prioritise parking.
               | 
               | BTW I suspect knowing that area, you probably couldn't
               | build anything other than parking in those places.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | The challenge is that the people who _live_ in an area
               | use the rules in such a way as to make building new homes
               | very expensive or outright impossible. The people who
               | would _like_ to live in that area have no say, and lack
               | representation.
               | 
               | The bigger picture here is that it means even two
               | rational people can inadvertently make the situation
               | worse for themselves.
               | 
               | Person A lives in City A, but wants to move to City B
               | 
               | Person B lives in City B, but wants to move to City A
               | 
               | Person A votes to make it hard to build new homes in city
               | A, because it makes their own home worth more.
               | 
               | Person B votes to make it hard to build new homes in City
               | B, because it makes their own home worth more.
               | 
               | It makes sense in a self-interested way but both wind up
               | worse off.
               | 
               | And I just meant that the car park is butt-ugly and shows
               | the council's true priorities. They could at least put it
               | on the edge of the village.
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | > The challenge is that the people who live in an area
               | use the rules in such a way as to make building new homes
               | very expensive or outright impossible. The people who
               | would like to live in that area have no say, and lack
               | representation.
               | 
               | Okay so what? I think that is perfectly fine. It isn't
               | necessary for everyplace to cater for everyone.
               | 
               | > The bigger picture here is that it means even two
               | rational people can inadvertently make the situation
               | worse for themselves. > > Person A lives in City A, but
               | wants to move to City B > > Person B lives in City B, but
               | wants to move to City A > > Person A votes to make it
               | hard to build new homes in city A, because it makes their
               | own home worth more. > > Person B votes to make it hard
               | to build new homes in City B, because it makes their own
               | home worth more. > > It makes sense in a self-interested
               | way but both wind up worse off.
               | 
               | These seems like a fantasy scenario to me. Typically
               | people are either moving to a particular area, or out of
               | a particular area, not swapping one nice affluent area
               | for another equally affluent area (which is somewhat
               | assumed in your scenario).
               | 
               | The reason btw housing is expensive is because housing
               | became an investment vehicle isn't because of nimby's and
               | we have about 600,000 (net) people entering the UK every
               | year.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | So... if I move to a county I can decide nobody else gets
               | to build a house there? Even on land I don't own?
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | That isn't the argument being made and you know it.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | It very much is, in the aggregate.
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | Not at all. It is quite clear that you are doing the
               | "lets take this to the logical extreme". That might be
               | fine in some sort of debate club tactic but it isn't what
               | I was suggesting should happen at all and you know it. So
               | I think we will leave it there.
        
               | Earw0rm wrote:
               | That's fair when it comes to villages, but it's mostly
               | the edge of small cities, and within larger ones, that
               | growth needs to happen - because that's where
               | infrastructure exists or can be added on.
               | 
               | Let the Cotswolds and Kent Weald be chocolate-box
               | nimbyland, but keep it out of places that are trying to
               | get work done.
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | The issue is that those cities end up growing into the
               | countryside. I like there is a big green barrier between
               | Greater Manchester and Macclesfield.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | It would help if the cities and larger towns built higher
               | and denser.
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | Yes lets cram everyone in like sardines in massive sky-
               | scrapers that blots out the sky.
               | 
               | The other alternative is that the UK doesn't allow
               | 600,000 people (net) in every year.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | The usual suggestion is to build cities more like Berlin
               | (for example) which has an inner city with many 4-6
               | storey buildings -- much denser than London's terraced
               | houses, but without the isolation of skyscrapers.
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | These are all solutions that ignore the main problem.
               | They literally cannot build enough properties (whatever
               | they are) to fill current demand. Even if they relax the
               | regulations that we currently have in place. Even there
               | were enough properties built the infrastructure for
               | utilities can't be scaled easily. There are issues
               | building new properties right now because the electric
               | grid cannot handle the combination of that and large data
               | centres.
               | 
               | Since supply of house cannot be increased to solve this
               | problem, you need to lessen the demand. The most obvious
               | way to do this that I can see is to put a cap on
               | immigration that is much lower than the number of people
               | leaving (about 400,000 people leave the UK each year).
               | However for various reasons this is seen as absolute
               | verboten.
               | 
               | BTW, I know exactly the type of buildings you are talking
               | about (we have them in Manchester) and they are typically
               | look awful and usually start falling apart after shortly
               | after construction. They are also not very nice to live
               | in (I have lived in one for short amount of time).
        
               | twic wrote:
               | Hold on though, that's not 1970s pebble dash, that's
               | 1920s pebble dash, that was on the house when it was
               | built (ish - seems that area was built up between 184 and
               | 1914). The house is in a conservation area, which means
               | you've got to keep it looking original. If you don't want
               | to do that, just don't move to a conservation area!
               | 
               | Found a non-Mail link BTW:
               | https://www.camdennewjournal.co.uk/article/planning-
               | inspecto...
        
             | youngtaff wrote:
             | It's also the quality of the build... most new build houses
             | are shit because the house building companies are more
             | interested in their profit than the quality of the product
             | 
             | If we made cars like we make houses there'd be a long queue
             | outside every car dealer as people returned them to get
             | their money back
        
               | Earw0rm wrote:
               | That's partly (but not entirely) survivor bias.
               | 
               | The Victorians built a lot of absolute garbage.
               | 
               | Much of it was destroyed during or immediately after
               | WWII, or extensively - and expensively - renovated at the
               | tail end of the 20th century. Some of it muddles on in
               | not-really-fit-for-purpose condition: terraced houses
               | with lath-and-plaster walls between units, street plans
               | that can't accommodate modern requirements for recycling
               | bins, parking and so on, homes that are difficult to
               | insulate or retrofit with modern heating.
               | 
               | It's a bit like software that's been in use for 20 years.
               | Most of the bugs have been worked out, and all the mid-
               | tier stuff that was written at the same time has been
               | abandoned and forgotten.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, a lot of those beautiful-from-the-outside
               | Georgian and Regency townhouses that dominate the streets
               | of much of inner London? In many cases they're really not
               | that great to live in, unless you gut them and rebuild
               | the entire inside.
               | 
               | I'm not saying all new-builds are great, mind. Some of
               | what I've seen seems particularly mean - small and high-
               | density, despite being in the middle of nowhere - all the
               | cons of density without any of the pros. You'd think we'd
               | have learned by now, but no.
        
               | mhh__ wrote:
               | I think the new builds also highlight the problem in that
               | we're mostly obsessed with building these weird not-
               | quite-a-town clumps of houses rather than actually
               | growing patterns that we know work.
               | 
               | That and people have no taste. I like Poundbury, but I
               | would also accept some modernist Foster-ville if someone
               | actually did it and was prepared to put their foot down
               | to make it consistent.
        
               | youngtaff wrote:
               | Oh, I'm not saying old houses are better (although many
               | of them have more generous sized rooms and plots)
               | 
               | I'm saying as an absolute that the quality of most new
               | build houses in the UK is shit from both design and
               | construction perspectives
               | 
               | A key test for me is look at the back of a new build
               | house and see how ugly many of them are - they literally
               | design them to have curb appeal but no appeal when you're
               | sitting in the back garden.
               | 
               | They fit them with smaller windows so they don't have to
               | add as much insulation... the list of shitty things the
               | major housebuilders do is pretty long
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Like Brexit, there's a huge overhang of misinformed old
             | people who hate change, but have no vested interest in the
             | real economy because their pensions stay the same even if
             | they block growth.
             | 
             | > against a backdrop of rural and less educated people
             | mistrusting anything going on in the growth cities, and I
             | don't just mean London.
             | 
             | Quite. It's time for a campaign of bigging up the second
             | and third cities. Of course, this immediately fell to a
             | victory of Starmer Labour keeping HS2 cuts instead of
             | Burnham Labour (who has done great things for Manchester).
        
             | mhh__ wrote:
             | Yes, so destroy the current system, then we can do all
             | that. All we basically need is a system that can properly
             | facilitate "Yes, but" rather than "No" and has a mechanism
             | for bartering.
             | 
             | Also I don't think you're right about university cities.
             | Taking Cambridge for example, it's completely strangled,
             | and not by a need for buses. The causality is backwards.
        
           | torginus wrote:
           | I heard the joke that the man who contributed the most to
           | modern London's urban planning was called Adolf Hitler.
        
           | nobodywillobsrv wrote:
           | The problem is the institutions are unaccountable and can't
           | be easily made controllable by the electorate again. Bank of
           | England, the judiciary etc. These control the country not the
           | MPs. Blair onward
        
             | mhh__ wrote:
             | Judicial review at the moment is just completely insane.
             | 
             | If you want to do _anything_ it takes the best part of a
             | decade of planning and environmental review, in large part
             | because there are a small army of charitable organisations
             | (often with their fees capped) waiting to challenge
             | absolutely everything.
             | 
             | A government consultation was recently blocked! A
             | consultation!
             | 
             | We need to completely destroy this system, they can do
             | something useful instead. Angels sing whenever a Quango
             | dies.
        
         | lobochrome wrote:
         | Well - care to be joined by the Germans? It's the reason I am
         | now living in Japan...
        
           | Cumpiler69 wrote:
           | What made you move from Germany to Japan?
        
           | vv_ wrote:
           | How did you get a job in Japan? What were the requirements?
        
             | lobochrome wrote:
             | Speaking the language helps. Also working in a highly
             | specialized field.
        
               | vv_ wrote:
               | If it isn't a secret, what field?
               | 
               | Do you think it is possible for an Embedded SE to find
               | work in Japan?
        
         | nobodywillobsrv wrote:
         | Exactly. It's not merely the Fabian state, being ruled by
         | lawyers, by socialist agitators, it is the vast swathes of
         | proles who cheer every time they crush success or do wealth
         | appropriations. It feels like you are always just two steps
         | away from being rounded up in a pogrom for merely having
         | savings.
         | 
         | The PM himself defines working class as people with no savings.
         | It's horrid.
        
           | truckerbill wrote:
           | How much savings do you have? Is it used for rent-seeking
           | behaviour? I think that's the key issue the country is
           | facing.
           | 
           | If you have a little padding no-one will be coming for you.
           | 
           | Everyone in power is desparately trying dance around tax
           | reform. When you tax productive work much more heavily than
           | unproductive work (looking at our etf holdings grow and
           | crowding out home/business owners with buy-to-lets), you are
           | going to get stagnation.
        
         | bloqs wrote:
         | It's not, its just that you are swept into the news cycle of
         | doomerism where engagement is established with FUD. The UK is
         | fine compared to many of its peer nations in many areas.
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | It's not quite that bad - the news obviously makes it seem like
         | it's worse than it is. Also we finally got rid of the Tories,
         | so at least things are heading in the right direction. I made a
         | list of some positive changes Labour have made already:
         | 
         | * Allow onshore wind
         | 
         | * Means tested winter fuel allowance
         | 
         | * Inheritance tax for farms
         | 
         | * Assisted dying bill (controversial but I think generally
         | people are in favour of this)
         | 
         | * Scrapping the public footpath registration deadline
         | 
         | The only stupid thing I think they've done is the porn site age
         | testing thing, but that was also a Tory policy.
         | 
         | IMO the big problem is the right-wing media. Take something
         | like the winter fuel allowance. _Very obviously_ the right
         | thing to do, and even pensioners were generally in favour
         | (check this article:
         | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c4gegy4r9ndo ), yet it
         | still somehow a huge controversy with disingenuous articles
         | even on the BBC like this one fuelling the faux outrage:
         | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c80l9lde5yjo
         | 
         | How can we make any improvements if such obviously good changes
         | meet such an irrational reaction?
        
       | wakawaka28 wrote:
       | Keep importing skilled workers. I'm sure it will work out for you
       | eventually. /s
       | 
       | Seriously, I feel bad for our British bretheren. The UK
       | government is seemingly out of control and actively working
       | against the people. There are also long-running geopolitical
       | trends like outsourcing to contend with. Talk too much about
       | these things and you're probably getting sent to prison. It's
       | time for the US to bring some democracy to the UK lol.
        
         | bdangubic wrote:
         | you switch UK and USA in your post and you are right
        
           | wakawaka28 wrote:
           | Lol the US is not without its problems but the UK is worse,
           | hands down.
        
             | Xiol32 wrote:
             | Try unfollowing Musk for a bit. It'll do you good.
        
               | wakawaka28 wrote:
               | Try unfollowing CNN, MSNBC, and BBC for a bit. It'll do
               | you good.
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | that's like a US election, eh? you drunk at 2:00am and
               | there's two of the ugliest people on Earth at the bar but
               | you know you taking one of the home :) I'd still pick MSM
               | over fucking Elon :)
        
               | wakawaka28 wrote:
               | So you'd pick whiny crybabies calling everyone they don't
               | like "literally Hitler" over a cool but somewhat flawed
               | tech entrepreneur who drops based memes on the regular.
               | Sounds lame.
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | "cool but somewhat flawed" is interesting way to describe
               | a person who was balding in his 20's and could not get
               | laid and who now has more complexes than just about any
               | human that ever lived...
               | 
               | yea, give me fucking CNN every day of the week and twice
               | on sunday
        
         | seabass-labrax wrote:
         | > Talk too much about these things and you're probably getting
         | sent to prison.
         | 
         | This trope is getting a bit ridiculous. For the record, the
         | event that inspired the notion that complaining online could
         | get you sent to person involved individuals encouraging the
         | public to burn down council offices[1] and a hotel[2].
         | 
         | Conspiracy to commit arson has been one of the most serious
         | offences in English law for centuries, and that's even before
         | you add the murder part to it.
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.reuters.com/fact-check/man-jailed-7-half-
         | years-e...
         | 
         | [2]:
         | https://www.nottinghamshire.police.uk/news/nottinghamshire/n...
         | 
         | PS. I am nonetheless aware that we burnt down the White House.
         | On behalf of Britain, sorry about that.
        
           | Duwensatzaj wrote:
           | Google's not pulling it up but I swear I read about police
           | visitations for immigration criticism that didn't involve
           | calls for murder or arson.
           | 
           | The UK arrests people for writing the n-word on Twitter
           | https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/black-twitter-
           | ra... or praying silently near abortion clinics.
           | https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4g9kp7r00vo so it's not
           | exactly a stretch.
        
             | Xmd5a wrote:
             | Here's one:
             | 
             | As relayed by Russian propaganda outlets:
             | https://x.com/VigilantFox/status/1820724008637063664
             | 
             | Reuters fact check: https://www.reuters.com/fact-
             | check/video-arrest-over-faceboo...
             | 
             | >VERDICT Missing context. The clip shows a June 2024
             | arrest, according to Devon and Cornwall Police, and
             | predates the Southport knife attack by around a month.
             | 
             | Hence not debunked (a strategy we're used too).
             | 
             | Times article on the subject: https://archive.ph/3OkeG
             | Police arresting nine people a day in fight against web
             | trolls
             | 
             | >More than 3,300 people were detained and questioned last
             | year over so-called trolling on social media and other
             | online forums, a rise of nearly 50 per cent in two years,
             | according to figures obtained by The Times.
             | 
             | >About half of the investigations were dropped before
             | prosecutions were brought, however, leading to criticism
             | from civil liberties campaigners that the authorities are
             | over-policing the internet and threatening free speech.
             | 
             | >Jim Killock, executive director of the Open Rights Group,
             | said the Crown Prosecution Service emphasised section 127
             | was to be used only in "extreme circumstances". "But the
             | problem is 'grossly offensive' is not something you should
             | normally be prosecuted for. It's not showing harm to other
             | people. It's not showing that somebody is being harassed
             | ... attacked or threatened."
        
           | wakawaka28 wrote:
           | This gaslighting is getting a bit ridiculous. The oppression
           | did not start in the wake of Southport, it has been in place
           | for years. But I'm going to talk about Southport first.
           | People were arrested for pointing out that the Southport
           | murderer was a Muslim terrorist. Well guess what, he was:
           | https://news.sky.com/story/southport-stabbings-suspect-
           | faces... The media said it was all disinformation and put
           | forth many straw man claims to smear people who are fed up
           | with their government covering for the crimes for immigrants.
           | 
           | >Conspiracy to commit arson has been one of the most serious
           | offences in English law for centuries, and that's even before
           | you add the murder part to it.
           | 
           | I'm not defending conspiracy to commit arson. It is a fact
           | that people have been jailed for far less serious things. I
           | heard some reports that people were jailed for recording the
           | riots or even posting about the existence of the riots.
           | 
           | Nevermind arson, Britain jails people for flame wars online:
           | https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2017/10/14/british-
           | police-a... And that is OLD, and nothing has changed. I hear
           | regular reports of absurd arrests coming out of the UK.
           | 
           | As the article says, "section 127 of the Communications Act
           | 2003, [...] makes it illegal to intentionally "cause
           | annoyance, inconvenience or needless anxiety to another"" and
           | that can be and regularly is used to punch down on people
           | expressing simple grievances. It is entirely subjective what
           | causes "annoyance, inconvenience or needless anxiety" or is
           | intended to do so. Our mere existence probably causes
           | annoyance and inconvenience to some people. Got a problem
           | with immigrants who don't respect your culture and
           | disproportionately commit all the crimes? Well, it is going
           | to cause some brown people to be anxious if you talk about
           | it, so off to the slammer you go. That is truly how it goes,
           | unless you're in a good position to fend off political
           | attacks.
        
             | switch007 wrote:
             | > This gaslighting is getting a bit ridiculous
             | 
             | Totally agree
             | 
             | They always take the extreme part of your posts, find a
             | minor counter claim, then imply we have total free speech
        
             | youngtaff wrote:
             | He wasn't a Muslim he was brought up a Christian!
             | 
             | The rumours were he was an asylum seeker who came over on a
             | boat
             | 
             | But as you end up quoting Breitbart what hope is there
        
               | wakawaka28 wrote:
               | Just because someone was "brought up as a Christian"
               | doesn't mean they are one. And he WAS a terrorist or
               | wannabe terrorist, as evidenced by everything said in
               | that article. You're over here whining about Breitbart as
               | your neighbors are being jailed for merely talking about
               | these issues in a way that displeases your overlords.
        
               | youngtaff wrote:
               | Just because he was a wannabe terrorist doesn't make him
               | a Muslim which what you claimed
               | 
               | The people who were jailed were generally jailed for
               | rioting and incitement to riot
        
               | wakawaka28 wrote:
               | He was at least Muslim-adjacent, I think we can agree.
               | Does it matter? Immigrant with ties to Al Qaida plots
               | terror attack and actually murders people, comment
               | section screaming "Ackshually he was not proven to be a
               | Muslim" for real...
               | 
               | >The people who were jailed were generally jailed for
               | rioting and incitement to riot
               | 
               | And I'm sure that given that officials gave many of them
               | a year in prison, just a week after arrest, and after
               | letting real criminals out to make room in the prisons,
               | and after promising to make examples of them, means
               | justice was served. Give me a break. Obviously the
               | authorities can claim that anything calmly painting
               | immigrants or even known criminals in a bad light is
               | inciting a riot. It means nothing when laws are as
               | screwed up as they are in the UK.
        
               | youngtaff wrote:
               | The people released were nearing the release point of the
               | sentence and many would have been released due to prison
               | overcrowding anyway
               | 
               | People trying to burn down hotels with migrants in or
               | wanting to attack Mosques, and those encouraging are real
               | criminals too you know
               | 
               | And he wasn't an immigrant, he was born in Cardiff!
               | 
               | Rather than casting vague assertions about the role of
               | the authorities you can go read why people were jailed as
               | it's public record
        
               | wakawaka28 wrote:
               | >And he wasn't an immigrant, he was born in Cardiff!
               | 
               | Minor children of immigrants count as immigrants as well
               | IMO.
               | 
               | >Rather than casting vague assertions about the role of
               | the authorities you can go read why people were jailed as
               | it's public record
               | 
               | I've seen enough examples of BS to not trust your system,
               | the reporting, or even most court records. I also don't
               | have time to go read a ton of legal transcripts in other
               | countries. The fact that many people that have been
               | arrested for being perceived as rude online or in person
               | is all I need to prove my point.
        
               | youngtaff wrote:
               | So you don't live in Britain but are claiming to be
               | knowledgeable about what happened here!
               | 
               | And when challenged you decide to produce your own
               | definitions of things... when are you deporting Melina
               | and Barron?
        
         | Earw0rm wrote:
         | You've got the wrong end of this one.
         | 
         | UK has long pursued a strategy of "social mobility", which is
         | shorthand for: some places will be shit, and if you're
         | hardworking or clever you can and should leave.
         | 
         | So the bright, capable people from white working-class towns
         | either joined the middle classes or skipped the country
         | entirely a generation or two ago.
         | 
         | Leaving behind a bunch of people for whom no wage will tempt
         | them to London to do the hard, menial work needed to keep the
         | city running. So on that front we have no choice but to import.
         | 
         | The people left behind either have caring responsibilities that
         | means they can't move, long term health problems and
         | disabilities, or just lack the basic work ethic, motivation and
         | so on to get on in life.
         | 
         | Ultimately who's going to mop the floors at City banks and so
         | on? It won't be the bright, ambitious kids of second and third
         | generation immigrant families, not if they can at all help it,
         | nor the sons and daughters of white middle classes, whether
         | that's metropolitan elites or the trades and services people.
         | 
         | (This, btw, is why immigrants are generally hard working:
         | "people willing to relocate their lives halfway around the
         | world to an often hostile culture where they'll never truly be
         | at home" is a strong filter for people with drive and
         | motivation. Those lacking it stay home, regardless of which
         | host and guest culture we're talking about).
        
           | GasVeteran wrote:
           | There is a constant narrative that is pushed on everyone that
           | immigration is necessary because people won't do the menial
           | jobs. There is a huge number of problems with this this
           | narrative.
           | 
           | * Menial jobs were/are normally done in the past by younger
           | more inexperienced people. These were usually done part time
           | while in education. This allows younger people to build basic
           | competency and money management skills. They aren't supposed
           | to be jobs for life and _everyone_ knew this in the past. By
           | constantly importing people from to do these jobs, you stop
           | younger people from building up this basic competency. This
           | stuff is important btw, as I know many people who never had
           | these jobs and had the bank of Mum and Dad pay for them for
           | far too long, they don 't know how to manage money.
           | 
           | * A lot of more menial jobs are done by people that are part
           | retired. When I was younger I worked with many part retired
           | people that had a stressful job and moved away and part
           | retired and were on the checkouts out the supermarket,
           | cleaning, pushing trolleys or delivering things.
           | 
           | * A lot of immigrants seem to do jobs like Uber Eats,
           | Deliveroo and other zero hour contract food delivery jobs. If
           | you don't believe me, go to your local McDonalds at 8am on a
           | Saturday morning and every driver picking up food will be a
           | immigrant of one sort or another. These are jobs where people
           | are literally too lazy to drive 5 minutes to the McDonalds
           | drive through on a Saturday morning. I am normally very pro-
           | free market however do we really need to immigrants to do
           | these jobs? I don't use Uber Eats and I have no idea how much
           | it costs, but I think the guy up the road that has a small
           | mansion a Jag and Two Teslas can probably afford to pay a bit
           | more for delivery.
           | 
           | * I am from the South of the UK. If you aren't from London or
           | another big city, London is one of the most horrid places to
           | visit, work. I spent maybe a 4 months working as a freelancer
           | in London (travelling in). People are downright rude,
           | everything is a ripoff. I'd rather be slightly worse off and
           | live here than be "better" off an live in London.
        
             | Earw0rm wrote:
             | It's conflating a bunch of things.
             | 
             | Menial routine work for juniors has been eliminated or
             | automated to the margins, that much is true. No office-boys
             | and far fewer supermarket cashiers. For those with people
             | skills, there's plenty of cafe work, but that's about it.
             | 
             | On the flip side though, the educational/academic landscape
             | for the upper quartile of young adults is hugely more
             | competitive. Nobody is making it to a Russell Group uni on
             | cruise control, and getting top grades AND having a part
             | time job AND hobbies and a social life isn't easy.
             | 
             | Then you have menial work that's actually fairly skilled.
             | Social care, childcare and so on. That's not something a
             | student is going to do for a couple of years on the way to
             | something better.
             | 
             | And a shift, for various reasons, to the contracted-out
             | agency model for cleaning. Mostly done by immigrants, but
             | they work harder than most semi-retired Brits would be
             | willing to. Even if they're less flexible than the old boy
             | who'd fix a bad door or window as well as sweeping the
             | floor, and have none of his loyalty.
             | 
             | UberEats on the other hand is taking the mick. A lot of
             | their workers are undocumented, the self-employed
             | contractor status allows the operator to avoid the normally
             | stringent penalties for immigration law breaches. I don't
             | know if they lobbied for the law to be that way, but it's a
             | massive loophole. So this is illegal work and maybe
             | shouldn't be conflated with legit immigration. How much
             | it's a problem I'm not sure.. the actual numbers are quite
             | small, but like the loudspeakers on the bus thing, it's a
             | very visible breach of the norms and rules, so there's an
             | argument that it's bad for society on that basis. And like
             | I say, the operator is blatantly exploiting it, they can't
             | be blind to what's going on. I'm pretty liberal on
             | immigration, miss the positive contribution the former
             | Eastern Bloc countries made prior to Brexit, but the whole
             | food delivery sector is overdue a clean out.
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | > It's conflating a bunch of things.
               | 
               | Not really. I am talking generally about this notion that
               | we need to keep importing people.
               | 
               | > Menial routine work for juniors has been eliminated or
               | automated to the margins, that much is true. No office-
               | boys and far fewer supermarket cashiers. For those with
               | people skills, there's plenty of cafe work, but that's
               | about it.
               | 
               | That is often repeated but I don't think that is quite as
               | true as people make out. There aren't robots yet (or
               | likely to be) stacking the supermarket shelves. Yes self
               | service has taken most of the cashier jobs (not all btw).
               | 
               | > And a shift, for various reasons, to the contracted-out
               | agency model for cleaning. Mostly done by immigrants, but
               | they work harder than most semi-retired Brits would be
               | willing to. Even if they're less flexible than the old
               | boy who'd fix a bad door or window as well as sweeping
               | the floor, and have none of his loyalty.
               | 
               | In other countries to emigrate there you need to have
               | skills they _need_. When I moved abroad previously the
               | company had to justify looking outside of the country to
               | employ me. I don 't understand how it can be justified
               | that they can't find cleaning staff. BTW I employ a
               | cleaner so I know roughly how much they cost.
               | 
               | > UberEats on the other hand is taking the mick. A lot of
               | their workers are undocumented, the self-employed
               | contractor status allows the operator to avoid the
               | normally stringent penalties for immigration law
               | breaches. I don't know if they lobbied for the law to be
               | that way, but it's a massive loophole. So this is illegal
               | work and maybe shouldn't be conflated with legit
               | immigration. How much it's a problem I'm not sure.. the
               | actual numbers are quite small, but like the loudspeakers
               | on the bus thing, it's a very visible breach of the norms
               | and rules, so there's an argument that it's bad for
               | society on that basis. And like I say, the operator is
               | blatantly exploiting it, they can't be blind to what's
               | going on. I'm pretty liberal on immigration, miss the
               | positive contribution the former Eastern Bloc countries
               | made prior to Brexit, but the whole food delivery sector
               | is overdue a clean out.
               | 
               | It doesn't matter whether it is small or not (I don't
               | think it as small as you are making out). It shouldn't be
               | happening. Also just because you don't like the people
               | that are highlighting this issue, doesn't mean that the
               | issue isn't important.
               | 
               | The reason why things are a mess is that nothing gets
               | sorted out properly in the UK. We have had leadership
               | failures now for years.
        
               | Earw0rm wrote:
               | On the cashier jobs - the thing is that they can rely on
               | fewer and more trained/experienced staff. This may not be
               | a bad outcome for those in the jobs, but it means less
               | availability of casual work.
               | 
               | Which is not the same thing as no availability, but there
               | used to be plenty of this kind of work to go around, such
               | that it was the norm that 17/18 year olds could get it
               | without particularly trying. That is not the case now.
               | 
               | Trying to bring skilled labour into the UK, or trying to
               | get residence as an apparently useful and self-sufficient
               | person, is actually quite difficult, so I'm not sure how
               | all the low-skilled labour ends up here, other than large
               | agencies in areas (social care, farm work) with known
               | skill shortages.. being large agencies, the bureaucratic
               | overhead isn't too bad for them, whereas for an
               | individual or small company, it's more trouble than it's
               | worth. There's no way you can just bring a cleaner over
               | from abroad because you want someone to clean your
               | house/office.
               | 
               | As to shouldn't be happening. Yes. But as for so many
               | other things in the UK and its gradual slide towards a
               | low-trust society. So it becomes a case of figuring out
               | which battles to pick, which ones are genuinely impacting
               | peoples' day to day. And I think collectively (not
               | particularly a left vs right thing), the country has
               | forgotten how to prioritise that.
        
               | GasVeteran wrote:
               | > Trying to bring skilled labour into the UK, or trying
               | to get residence as an apparently useful and self-
               | sufficient person, is actually quite difficult, so I'm
               | not sure how all the low-skilled labour ends up here,
               | other than large agencies in areas (social care, farm
               | work) with known skill shortages.. being large agencies,
               | the bureaucratic overhead isn't too bad for them, whereas
               | for an individual or small company, it's more trouble
               | than it's worth.
               | 
               | Most of the skilled labour that I've encountered in the
               | UK from immigration was Indians etc. that Accenture
               | brought over. It is a gold ticket for the Indian
               | developers and it is cheaper than paying people like me.
               | So they do the same thing from the most skilled to the
               | least skilled if the company is large enough.
               | 
               | > There's no way you can just bring a cleaner over from
               | abroad because you want someone to clean your
               | house/office.
               | 
               | I wasn't claiming to. I was saying that I know roughly
               | what the costs are.
               | 
               | > As to shouldn't be happening. Yes. But as for so many
               | other things in the UK and its gradual slide towards a
               | low-trust society. So it becomes a case of figuring out
               | which battles to pick, which ones are genuinely impacting
               | peoples' day to day. And I think collectively (not
               | particularly a left vs right thing), the country has
               | forgotten how to prioritise that.
               | 
               | This feels like a false dichotomy. Many things can be
               | done quickly if the bureaucracy wills it. The fact is
               | that they don't.
        
         | JaDogg wrote:
         | Could you elaborate further? I am a skilled immigrant in the
         | UK. I pay my taxes and have not used any benefits. I even pay
         | for my medication; the only free service I have used is a GP
         | appointment or a hospital scan, which was likely covered by the
         | IHS (Immigration Health Surcharge).
         | 
         | What have I done to make the country worse off?
        
           | wakawaka28 wrote:
           | It's nothing against you personally. I'm sure many immigrants
           | are good people and some scarce skilled workers must be
           | imported. But there seems to be a desire from the top to
           | import too many foreign workers across the West. This
           | contributes to the low wages and lack of opportunities
           | described in the article.
           | 
           | The UK also has outsourced a lot of manufacturing, which
           | further worsens the job market. I don't know how many
           | hardware engineers are imported unnecessarily or else part of
           | "offshoring," but by all indications I've seen personally the
           | number may be significant. This is from an outside US
           | perspective, so take it with a grain of salt.
        
         | constantcrying wrote:
         | If you are opening your job market to the entire world, the
         | average salary for your workers will become the global average
         | salary.
         | 
         | It is pretty trivial to see that this is exactly what is going
         | to happen and the weighted average of UK and Indian wages are
         | pretty close to Indian wages.
        
       | tidenly wrote:
       | I left the UK after graduating at 21, fully intending to come
       | back within a couple of years. Its weird watching it from the
       | outside for 10 years waiting for a "good time" to move back and
       | realizing that time isn't coming more and more each year.
       | 
       | The salaries in Japan arent great honestly, but mine, the quality
       | of life and how far my money goes is so much better than if I
       | lived back at the UK. Every time I go back it seems more and more
       | people are struggling to pay for basic expenses - and even if I
       | moved back it seems get a great salary I'd have to live in
       | London, which I dislike.
       | 
       | I imagine lots of people far more talented than me must also be
       | feeling the pull to not stay in the country too. Its festering
       | politically and economically. Besides family there really is no
       | benefit to remaining.
        
         | tjpnz wrote:
         | >The salaries in Japan arent great honestly, but mine, the
         | quality of life and how far my money goes is so much better
         | than if I lived back at the UK.
         | 
         | In a similar situation to you apparently. Every couple of years
         | I'll take a look at UK as well as NZ and Aus (all places I can
         | legally work) and Japan is still the better option. Even with
         | the yen situation and despite all the doom and gloom others
         | write online, life is still pretty nice here.
        
           | robocat wrote:
           | As an NZer, jobs in Australia pay wayyyy better and everyone
           | here seems to agree that the lifestyle is better there. Lots
           | of NZers move to Oz to improve their life and opportunities.
           | 
           | The NZ economy isn't doing great.
           | 
           | I'm personally worried that demographics and an incoming
           | Labour government will mean that if you have saved for your
           | retirement our next government will simply tax your savings
           | until you have nothing (they keep talking of a 2% wealth tax:
           | if we go back to a 4% annual return environment that's 50%
           | tax of your savings over time). Plus they are slowly
           | introducing means testing or equivalents.
        
             | sgt wrote:
             | In the meantime, it seems your parliament is quabbling over
             | (the limitation of) Maori rights and so on. I guess the end
             | goal is to improve the economy but is the chaos worth it?
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | or, alternatively the limitation of Pakeha rights.
               | 
               | It goes to the foundational treaty between the two
               | peoples and the land grants and land uses agreed to.
               | 
               | There are sticking points lost in translation, to say the
               | least.
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | Not worth it. Maori rights are an intractable problem -
               | the only way to win is to avoid the topic and punt it to
               | a future government. I'm sure you've worked on projects
               | sunk by a non-technical distraction so you surely
               | understand the mechanics.
               | 
               | National says they (and ACT) are the business party but
               | they seem to be mostly windbags. The NZ government
               | traditionally screws over businesses and founders - they
               | certainly fail to encourage businesses while producing a
               | lot of ineffectual programmes.
               | 
               | I don't recommend anyone try and start a business here.
               | Plus NZ society generally cuts down tall poppies -
               | especially capitalists (sportspeople is the main way to
               | achieve without approbation). Be an employee or leech on
               | the welfare state are the usual alternatives.
        
             | eunos wrote:
             | > Australia pay wayyyy better
             | 
             | well having a relatively small population and bountiful
             | natural resources do great wonder.
        
           | lobochrome wrote:
           | We should form a club - even though I came here from
           | Germany...
        
         | maeil wrote:
         | Exact same story for Korea. Dollar-term salaries similar to the
         | EU, but when you compare to CoL it's a much better deal.
        
           | timeon wrote:
           | How about suicide rates?
        
         | bboygravity wrote:
         | IMO the UK should look at what Singapore did and maybe learn
         | from that.
         | 
         | There's really no excuse for a country like the UK other than
         | ordinary plain and simple mis-management from the top.
         | 
         | Singapore did not depend on neighboring countries to climb out
         | of 3rd world poverty. To name an example.
        
           | Earw0rm wrote:
           | It's a political issue. There are things the UK is good at -
           | finance, culture/media, software and yes hardware innovation,
           | legal services, tourism. But since the GFC especially, none
           | of these things are considered "right" by the electorate.
           | 
           | Instead we romanticise unproductive legacy stuff, and an NHS
           | which, while its staff are in many cases heroic, spends most
           | of its vast budget cleaning up the mess of a population who
           | thinks eating a sensible diet and enacting basic public
           | health policy is "woke".
           | 
           | It's a good thing we banned indoor smoking in public
           | buildings in the early aughts, there's no way you'd get that
           | through in today's political climate.
        
             | pjbster wrote:
             | You're not thinking like an economist :) Here's something I
             | saw on Twitter (no source):
             | 
             |  _The bicycle is the slow death of the planet. General
             | Director of Euro Exim Bank Ltd. got economists thinking
             | when he said: "A cyclist is a disaster for the country's
             | economy: he does not buy cars and does not borrow money to
             | buy. He does not pay for insurance policies. He does not
             | buy fuel, does not pay for the necessary maintenance and
             | repairs. He does not use paid parking. He does not cause
             | serious accidents. He does not require multi-lane highways.
             | He does not get fat. Healthy people are neither needed nor
             | useful for the economy. They don't buy medicine. They do
             | not go to hospitals or doctors. Nothing is added to the
             | country's GDP (gross domestic product). On the contrary,
             | every new McDonald's restaurant creates at least 30 jobs:
             | 10 cardiologists, 10 dentists, 10 dietary experts and
             | nutritionists, and obviously, people who work at the
             | restaurant itself." Choose carefully: cyclist or
             | McDonald's? It is worth considering. P.S. Walking is even
             | worse. Pedestrians don't even buy bicycles._
        
               | Earw0rm wrote:
               | Author hasn't been to SW London on a sunny weekend then.
               | PS5K bikes strapped to the top of PS70K cars as far as
               | the eye can see.
        
             | ta1243 wrote:
             | Vast majority of NHS expense is keeping an aging population
             | alive. A lot of the rest of government spending (nearly 80%
             | of my council tax for example) goes on social care for that
             | same aging population.
             | 
             | The NHS spends less per capita than the US spends on
             | medicaid. Not less per person covered, less overall.
        
               | Earw0rm wrote:
               | How do poorer countries manage to avoid getting outright
               | bankrupted by social care? Why is it such a black hole
               | money-pit in the UK particularly?
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | It's a black hole money-pit everywhere. There is no
               | return on spending money for people who will never be
               | productive again.
               | 
               | The only way that kind of wealth transfer works is with a
               | growing proportion of workers, but that has long not been
               | the case in many developed countries.
               | 
               | The solution for all these countries (even the US) is to
               | dismantle all wealth transfer to old people. It might be
               | the only way to incentivize production of families that
               | raise productive children. Or tell old people to expect
               | declining quality of life (faster than it already is).
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Transferring away from older _voters_ is not going to
               | happen, other than very gradually.
        
               | naijaboiler wrote:
               | The west is caught in a web of its own creation. We have
               | basically incentivized the countries to get older by
               | taxing the young to subsidize the rich.
               | 
               | Unfortunately, there's no easy way for democracy to
               | correct this. older people vote and are wealthier. Both
               | of those mean they have large political power.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | More workers to older people ratio
               | 
               | More social care from family (which is unpaid and thus is
               | hidden in GDP figures)
               | 
               | Less social care
               | 
               | Expectation in the UK that wealthy old people should not
               | pay for their own care and instead poorer working people
               | should
        
           | coopierez wrote:
           | The UK cannot just "be Singapore". What happened in Singapore
           | was a specific, unrepeatable combination of its geography,
           | the needs of the region, the size of the country, and the
           | culture.
           | 
           | To maintain its wealth today, Singapore relies on a large
           | underclass of underpaid non-citizens. Around 40% of the
           | country are non-citizens.
           | 
           | In addition, London sort of has its own Singapore(s) in the
           | form of the City and Canary Wharf. That's great for those who
           | work there, but it's not feasible for a country of nearly 70
           | million for everyone to just work in finance.
           | 
           | Final comment:
           | 
           | > Singapore did not depend on neighboring countries to climb
           | out of 3rd world poverty
           | 
           | Singapore's wealth is built on trade and foreign investment.
           | To assume that without other countries it would be equally
           | successful is absurd.
        
             | PakistaniDenzel wrote:
             | This is true but there are many policies that the UK could
             | copy from other countries like Singapore that would work
             | much better than what they are currently doing
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | Can you give a couple of examples, for those unfamiliar
               | with Singapore and/or the UK?
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | Housing+Development Board comes to mind. Singapore
               | housing policies ensures people can afford to live
               | somewhere reasonable.
        
       | klelatti wrote:
       | And the author's most recent tweet [1] (apart from one referring
       | to this HN post):
       | 
       | > Is it just me or is UK's hardware scene really kicking off
       | again?
       | 
       | > Founder friends have just raised millions, moved into massive
       | warehouses, imported CNC machines and some started metal casting.
       | 
       | > Even SaaS VC friends are talking about hardware now
       | 
       | [1] https://x.com/joseflchen/status/1881058447946391848
        
       | devnullbrain wrote:
       | The article mentions Arm, but even they describe themselves as a
       | software company[1]
       | 
       | [1] because the implied higher margins mean this attracts more
       | investment
        
       | jamesy0ung wrote:
       | I'm not from the UK, but I get the same vibe here in Sydney.
       | There doesn't seem to be much technical work here, all of it is
       | in Silicon Valley.
        
         | RachelF wrote:
         | Very true, the Australian scene is so dismal, it makes the UK
         | look great.
        
       | Onavo wrote:
       | OP's views on British companies are questionable.
       | 
       | > _Consider: Dyson: From a Wiltshire barn to a global technology
       | powerhouse, now innovating in Singapore and Malaysia._
       | 
       | The founder of Dyson is a Brexit proponent who enjoys outsourcing
       | and playing games with tax havens. I doubt he's doing any
       | "innovating" in those places.
       | 
       | Does OP think CS prodigies are building world changing stuff? 90%
       | of the top 1% are building SaaS. Perhaps the 0.01% get to work on
       | actual foundation model ML research or cutting edge theoretical
       | CS. Everybody else will optimize buttons in CSS to pay their
       | bills. Software just pays more, it isn't an exception to economic
       | forces.
        
         | jbc1 wrote:
         | Implementation is what takes that raw R&D and uses it to solve
         | problems real problems, which is where it derives it value.
         | Armies of people slightly modifying slightly different saas is
         | how those foundational ML models end up in the everymans
         | workflow.
        
       | pfdietz wrote:
       | Reading all this negativity about the UK made me wonder: is it
       | possible that the UK throwing in the towel and asking to become
       | part of the US could actually become reality? It's an admittedly
       | outlandish idea, but suddenly it didn't seem entirely
       | preposterous.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | Why would the US want the UK? The UK does not seem to have
         | natural resources that the US would want. The main resource is
         | intellectual talent, which is already free for the US to obtain
         | via immigration and a common language.
        
           | quacksilver wrote:
           | Possibly the UK's worldwide military bases / islands to build
           | bases on or mine the oil and some restricted technology.
           | Maybe a 'Hong Kong' style outpost in Europe.
           | 
           | May be a bit of a stretch though.
        
             | zipy124 wrote:
             | We already offer those, just look at diego garcia
             | currently, or RAF Menwith Hill in yorkshire which is an NSA
             | base.
        
         | Peanuts99 wrote:
         | Probably because 85%+ of the population would reject it.
        
         | t43562 wrote:
         | No way. There would be a much bigger loss of "sovrinty" than
         | people were prepared to put up with in the EU and that's in the
         | miraculous case that the US wanted it.
        
         | youngtaff wrote:
         | Nope
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | You'd need to change the basis of JV and IPO in the UK, the
       | nature of chartered engineering, and probably the laws on being
       | declared bankrupt. America has a financial regulatory environment
       | which is somewhat unique, and encourages this kind of innovation.
       | The UK has a different view both of the financial risk
       | management, and of the consequences of engineering.
       | 
       | The history of canals, bridges, roads, railroads and lighthouses
       | in the UK is littered with people blowing wads of money up.
       | Speculation was rife. I think it led to caution which has stayed
       | with us across the victorian era into the modern day.
       | 
       | If you want an object lesson in "god, could we do this better" -I
       | was told Australia had world-class optics industry, at the end of
       | WWII due to the need to diversify the supply chain and get away
       | from European sources now in the Axis. Russia and Japan seized
       | the day, while Australia basically _shut itself down_ and gave
       | away any market lead. People laugh at russian cameras but the
       | glass was excellent, they got half of German tech at wars end.
        
       | bsnnkv wrote:
       | I left the UK for the USA in 2020. It was only last week that
       | another HN commenter finally opened my eyes to the fact that
       | since I have left the UK, I have become someone with the ability
       | to take things from 0 to 1.[1]
       | 
       | I do not believe I could have achieved what I have in the last
       | half-decade if I had stayed in the UK. There is something deeply
       | rooted in the UK's contemporary culture (which I cannot yet fully
       | explain in words) that serves to crush the individual ambitions
       | of the working and middle classes.
       | 
       | [1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42705792
        
         | kjellsbells wrote:
         | So good to read this and feel...validated, somehow. The UK is
         | culturally a very difficult place to start and run a business.
         | There's a crabs in the bucket mentality that I didnt have words
         | for before I'd left the UK for a few years, but now when I
         | visit or do business there is absolutely everywhere.
         | 
         | One business thing that really strikes me is that people in the
         | UK treat bankruptcy as a moral failing, as if you cheated your
         | investors, and not a strictly financial one, as in, you ran out
         | of cash before achieving product market fit. It seems rooted in
         | an unusually Victorian ethis, which is ironic, because in that
         | era, businesses started and folded all the time.
        
           | BuyMyBitcoins wrote:
           | I wonder how much of this has to do with a more rigid class
           | system compared to the US.
        
           | Earw0rm wrote:
           | Depends on the bankruptcy. Nobody is going to shed tears over
           | investors losing out. Speculate to accumulate, risk and
           | reward.
           | 
           | But IDK how it works in other countries, UK bankruptcies also
           | means customers, unsecured creditors (often other small
           | businesses), and the State (payroll taxes) also lose out.
           | 
           | And it leaves a bad taste when a company run at high risk of
           | bankruptcy ("oh but we're a Start Up") screws over their
           | suppliers which are often more traditional businesses
           | (whether that's print designers, lawyers or tradespeople) by
           | carrying on trading far into insolvency.
           | 
           | That implies a kind of arrogance ("You just have a business
           | which pays it's bills, _I_ have a _vision_ ) which UK culture
           | is allergic to.
        
             | jandrewrogers wrote:
             | In the US, most of those suppliers understand the nature of
             | startups and are accustomed to working with them, fully
             | aware they are likely to fail. The deals are structured
             | appropriate for those realities and some suppliers
             | specialize in or have a preference for startups.
             | 
             | In the UK, many suppliers still treat startups like an
             | exotic beast, or worse, a corner shop. US business has a
             | familiarity and comfort with startups, due in no small part
             | from being an increasingly prominent part of the American
             | business landscape since the Second World War. It is the
             | water they swim in.
        
               | Earw0rm wrote:
               | That's interesting!
               | 
               | Here, failing to pay your bills is both a breach of fair
               | play, and what "dodgy" people i.e. criminals and con-
               | artists do.
               | 
               | But equally it means we can operate a bit more of an
               | honour system in terms of lines of credit. Small
               | businesses typically allow one another at least some
               | amount of credit terms, which they would not offer a
               | private individual.
        
         | pyuser583 wrote:
         | Half my feed is Americans talking how terrible it is, the other
         | half non-Americans (or immigrants) praising it.
        
         | BuyMyBitcoins wrote:
         | Anecdotally, the British people I have interacted with in a
         | business setting _seem_ to have a dearth of ambition. These
         | people weren't depressed, but I sensed a kind of defeatist
         | cynicism.
         | 
         | As an American I realize our culture encourages taking risks
         | and we are remarkably forgiving of failure. In fact, we seem to
         | congratulate people for the fact that they tried in addition to
         | overlooking the failure. I'm not sure if this comes from "the
         | frontier spirit" or if this mindset used to exist throughout
         | the Anglosphere. In any event, I do feel bad for the UK as a
         | whole. It just seems like things keep getting worse and at some
         | point the national mood becomes a self fulfilling cycle.
        
           | CalRobert wrote:
           | American parents: "You can do anything you set your mind to!
           | Anyone can be president! If you fail, pick yourself back up
           | and try again! Your cousin with the big house started out
           | washing cars and built an amazing success from nothing!"
           | 
           | British (and Irish) parents: "The whole system is rigged so
           | don't even try, the guy in the big house up the road got it
           | through shady government contracts, my uncle can get you a
           | job at the council so you'll never, ever get fired, the only
           | reason to ever save money is for retirement or a house, your
           | cousin who tried to start a company thinks he's better than
           | us...."
        
           | DoingIsLearning wrote:
           | It really starts at a young age.
           | 
           | I remember playing (my) football (your soccer) in school and
           | my neighbourhood as a kid.
           | 
           | If you were going to strike you needed to be pretty sure that
           | you can score or that you can take the heat from your team
           | mates if you fail.
           | 
           | In contrast watching kids play sports in the US, everyone is
           | constantly trying to lift each other up after failure.
           | 
           | These small cultural differences easily add up in how you
           | carry yourself in business.
           | 
           | Negativity seems to be culturally frowned upon in the US
           | (what a downer). Positivity seems to be culturity frowned in
           | Europe (naive 'happy go lucky' kind of guy).
        
             | BuyMyBitcoins wrote:
             | Spot on. I've met several foreign exchange students during
             | my time at university. A simple observation from one of
             | them really stuck with me: "You Americans really like to
             | help strangers."
             | 
             | The "happy go lucky" observation squares with what I have
             | been told by my Eastern European friend. Any stranger, or
             | mere acquaintance, who is friendly and offering help is
             | likely trying to obligate you into repaying the favor later
             | on. People who for fall for this are naive or simpletons.
             | There's definitely a level of trust that needs to be earned
             | before you experience the same kind of positivity and
             | goodwill that Americans seem to dole out to "randos" they
             | just met.
             | 
             | Right after that "like to help" comment he followed it up
             | with: "It is like you are all Golden Retrievers". Which I
             | found both hilarious and fitting.
        
               | scientism wrote:
               | A theory I've heard of why this happens is that Europeans
               | are generally suspicious because there is a lot of
               | international trauma considering Europe was the center of
               | two World Wars, both relatively recently. The US on the
               | other hand didn't have that imprinted in its collective
               | memory.
        
         | akomtu wrote:
         | It's the UK's aristocracy, most likely. They own nearly
         | everything in the UK, haven't earned any of it, and the last
         | thing they need is the invasion of rich self-made
         | entrepreneurs.
        
           | fuzzfactor wrote:
           | The same thing is trending in the USA, just got started a
           | couple hundred years later.
           | 
           | It'll get there.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | If engineering isn't near the factory, it's not as effective.
       | 
       | Here's one of the most generic electronic components - a 1K
       | resistor.[1] These sell for about US$0.0015 each. DigiKey has a
       | list of many suppliers.
       | 
       | There are a few old-line US resistor makers in there, including
       | Bourns and Ohmite. They're price competitive with Chinese
       | companies. But when you look up their engineering job locations,
       | none are in the US or UK.[2] Plants are in Mexico, Malaysia,
       | Taiwan, and Hungary.
       | 
       | To get prices down, engineers have to be very familiar with what
       | goes on in manufacturing. If you separate engineering from
       | manufacturing, you get overpriced designs.
       | 
       | Not that many people who went to a good engineering school in a
       | first-world country today want to spend their lives inside a big
       | factory in a low-wage country. But that's what it takes to make
       | stuff.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.digikey.com/en/products/filter/chip-resistor-
       | sur...
       | 
       | [2] https://jobs.bourns.com/go/Engineering/9254400/
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | > _spend their lives inside a big factory in a low-wage
         | country_
         | 
         | Some gladly would if paid handsomely by the local standards,
         | that is, adequately by the US standards.
         | 
         | The bigger problem is raising children away from your native
         | culture.
        
           | MichaelZuo wrote:
           | You should probably recommend them to Apple recruiters, since
           | they regularly have shortages of bilingual top tier talent
           | willing to work full time at major factories.
           | 
           | Even with extremely generous FAANG salaries in areas with
           | cost of living less than a quarter of Cupertino.
        
           | freddie_mercury wrote:
           | I spent a decade in a low-wage country and the number of
           | people who were "glad" to spend even half that much time
           | there -- paid handsomely! -- could probably be counted on one
           | hand. Virtually the only people who stay longer than 3-5
           | years are ones who end up founding their own businesses
           | there.
           | 
           | Raising children away from your native culture isn't the deal
           | breaker you imply. There are international schools (though,
           | with eye-watering fees) and expat enclaves in most places
           | I've been.
           | 
           | But very few (effectively zero, though I did come across a
           | handful of exceptions) companies treat these employees the
           | same way as the ones back in the home country. If you don't
           | rotate back to HQ in ~3 years then you're in a career dead-
           | end. So you've got this situation where you need people who
           | are ultra-ambitious -- willing to throw away all their
           | existing social networks to go work in a foreign country for
           | years on end! -- but that means those same people aren't
           | going to want to stay past their expiration date. And
           | companies know that, too. A lot of them make it an explicit
           | part of the deal. I met one high-level guy (regional CTO I
           | think?) at Coca-Cola who was Indian and the deal with
           | corporate was he'd do 3-years in a low-income country (not
           | India) but then he'd get transferred to the US. Met some
           | people in the oil industry who had similar deals. Do 2 years
           | in Vietnam then you get to go to Malaysia or whatever.
        
             | heraldgeezer wrote:
             | So everyone fully admits that these countries are in fact
             | "worse" in every way?
        
               | namdnay wrote:
               | I'm not sure what "admission" you're looking for? That
               | life is generally better in wealthy countries? Wow big
               | surprise
        
               | chronic7300690 wrote:
               | > So everyone fully admits that these countries are in
               | fact "worse" in every way?
               | 
               | Considering money is the universal currency? Yes. Worse
               | in every way.
               | 
               | Churches ask for donations. Women marry rich men. You can
               | buy politicians. You can buy more expensive healthcare
               | treatments.
               | 
               | Can you do that in a worse SEA country?
        
         | Beretta_Vexee wrote:
         | Being an engineer means mastering your production tool. For
         | everything to do with physical production, you need to be close
         | to the means of production to gather essential information on
         | quality, capacity, operator feedback (machine and quality
         | operators are invaluable sources of information.), etc.
         | 
         | Most information is not digital or hardly digitizable.
         | 
         | I don't completely agree with the article's classification of
         | ARM as a hardware company. ARM produces VHDL and resells
         | licenses, but does not produce any chips. It's closer to a
         | software company than a TSMC.
        
           | llm_trw wrote:
           | I'd go one further and say you have to be at least a
           | journeyman in whatever tools your process is using.
           | 
           | The difference between someone designing a part in cad and
           | someone designing the tool paths for the machine that makes
           | the part in cam is night and day.
        
             | Beretta_Vexee wrote:
             | We could discuss this at length, but I completely share
             | your point of view. Anyone can design a part that's
             | impossible to produce.
             | 
             | The real added value is knowing how something is actually
             | going to be made, in how many stages, with what tools, what
             | controls will be carried out, with what tools, what the
             | acceptance and rejection criteria are, and how these
             | criteria have been determined, are essential points.
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | > The difference between someone designing a part in cad
             | and someone designing the tool paths for the machine that
             | makes the part in cam is night and day.
             | 
             | I remember, in a CNC programming class, the instructor
             | calling out one of the students on a lathe program: "One
             | millimeter increments?! What material do you think you are
             | using? Styrofoam?!".
             | 
             | That class is where I feel in love with the ASR-33 teletype
             | and its cadenced hum. It was punching the tapes we feed
             | into the CNC machines. I wish I could have bought that
             | machine when it was retired not too long after my class.
        
               | tonyarkles wrote:
               | > "One millimeter increments?! What material do you think
               | you are using? Styrofoam?!"
               | 
               | I'm an EE not a MechE but I'd be truly curious to know if
               | there are any MechE programs where a fresh graduate would
               | have ever heard the term "feeds & speeds".
               | 
               | In a similar vein, I learned to solder in EE but not
               | because of any of my course work. We were lucky enough to
               | have an aerospace electronics manufacturer situated on
               | the north edge of campus. The IEEE Student Society worked
               | out a deal with them where EE students who wanted to
               | learn could come and do a 3-hour crash course with the
               | techs. I could solder before I did the course, but my
               | ability to solder _well_ improved dramatically as a
               | result of those 3 hours of training. And, even more
               | importantly than learning to solder, I learned a ton of
               | things about solderability: what makes a circuit board
               | easy to solder and what makes it hard to solder under
               | different manual and automated manufacturing techniques
               | (wave soldering, paste + pick  & place, etc).
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | > if there are any MechE programs where a fresh graduate
               | would have ever heard the term "feeds & speeds".
               | 
               | This was an extracurricular activity, and the MechE's
               | were in their fifth year or so. I was in my first year
               | (semester, really) and I was suggested I take the course
               | because I was already a reasonable programmer and there
               | was very little materials in the course, but it was more
               | about programming the machines (simple loops, no real
               | decisions, etc).
               | 
               | I was doing 0.1mm increments in my code because I "felt"
               | steel wouldn't be soft enough for more, but I never got
               | any real training on that before second year.
        
               | qazxcvbnmlp wrote:
               | My brother, who graduated 2024 in MechE is aware of the
               | term "feeds & speeds".
               | 
               | Mechanical engineering is a pretty broad discipline
               | covering everything from micro fluidics to structural
               | requirements of sky scrapers. It's a good skill to have
               | but I'm not sure that awareness of operating a milling
               | machine is critical for success after graduation.
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | >I'd be truly curious to know if there are any MechE
               | programs where a fresh graduate would have ever heard the
               | term "feeds & speeds".
               | 
               | Germany has dual degrees where you both learn a trade and
               | get a degree. If you are doing this for Mechanical
               | Engineering you definitely will learn this.
               | 
               | Degree programs also have required internships and there
               | are definitely courses which you can take during your
               | degree. I would be surprised if there weren't a majority
               | of mech eng graduates who would know the basics of
               | milling.
        
             | petra wrote:
             | What about using simulation(or estimation using software)
             | to understand the manufacturing process well enough to
             | design for it, without being in the factory?
        
               | Beretta_Vexee wrote:
               | Simulation is a tool. Determining whether the results of
               | a simulation are consistent and valid requires a great
               | deal of experience. Almost anyone can use fluid mechanics
               | simulation software and obtain beautiful multicolor
               | images. Only an expert will be able to determine whether
               | they're worth anything, and when it's time to run a mock-
               | up to validate calculations.
               | 
               | Simulation can help train new engineers, helping them to
               | understand complex physical phenomena, but it cannot
               | replace field experience.
               | 
               | The organization of the production site, the employees
               | and the quality culture are an integral part of the
               | production tool, and cannot be simulated.
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | For a while, we had the "maker movement" and "maker
             | spaces", and people were learning that stuff. But that all
             | tanked when TechShop went bankrupt.
             | 
             | There are still maker spaces around, but most of them are
             | now more into sewing, paper folding, and hot glue than CNC
             | machining. Few go beyond a 3D printer. The ones that do
             | tend to have some kind of subsidy from a larger educational
             | institution.
        
               | llm_trw wrote:
               | We used to have shops in schools back when funding for
               | education went to education instead of administrators.
               | 
               | That's not been the case for a generation so no one under
               | 70 even knows what we've lost.
        
         | petra wrote:
         | There are plenty of industries where product engineering is
         | done at a different company or place than product
         | manufacturing.
         | 
         | For example, consumer electronics, industrial machines and
         | robotics, telecom and medical devices.
        
           | huijzer wrote:
           | The fact that it exists doesn't mean it's the best. You see
           | it all the time that businesses do something just because
           | everyone does it too. For example, the current AI
           | investments, collatoral debt obligations in the 2000s, and
           | conglomerates in the 1960s.
        
             | llm_trw wrote:
             | >the current AI investments
             | 
             | As someone whose done both hardware and AI, the current AI
             | investments are at worst a repeat of the 2000 dot com boom.
             | 
             | They aren't wrong, but they may be premature with how
             | terrible our compute substrate is.
        
         | n144q wrote:
         | Very weird comment. Article talks about hardware talent in UK.
         | Your comment tries to prove "engineering jobs" are not in the
         | US by providing the job listing of a single supplier, when
         | everybody knows that there are a huge amount of hardware talent
         | in the US working at great companies that deliver amazing
         | products. Your comment seems to equate "manufacturing jobs" to
         | "hardware engineering jobs" which apparently isn't correct.
        
         | DragonStrength wrote:
         | Totally anecdotal but to your point, the engineering jobs in my
         | hometown followed the manufacturing jobs in leaving town in the
         | 1990s after NAFTA.
         | 
         | Engineering seems to be returning as domestic manufacturing
         | increases thanks to foreign auto companies setting up shop
         | across the state, replacing what the US companies left behind.
        
         | CharlieDigital wrote:
         | Taiwan is kinda nice though? And just a short hop to Japan for
         | holidays or even long weekends.
        
           | cap11235 wrote:
           | Taiwan is the only Asian country that has western
           | sensibilities. Gay? Who cares.
        
         | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
         | Many of the legacy component vendors retain domestic US
         | manufacturing to supply military parts. They come with a
         | premium price and aren't usually worth using commercially but
         | that is one of the last backstops preventing all knowledge from
         | disappearing.
        
         | itissid wrote:
         | I wonder this is also what doomed some, but not all, of meta's
         | hardware efforts like its watch from 2023 (Portal was
         | successful and a solid build but that was more pacakging than
         | manufacturing and died for a different reason: Priorities).
         | 
         | In general though it seems where design/code<->hardware
         | feedback loop needs to be very fast in some cases, it is a non
         | trivial separation of concerns.
        
       | jasonjl wrote:
       | Software is eating the world
        
       | JohnMakin wrote:
       | I see this in the USA too - electrical engineers fiddling with
       | css to make buttons dance, published computer scientists working
       | on trivial systems for massive data centers billing systems - the
       | tech market does always seem inefficient, and yet, at some point
       | the market is going to have more knowledge and expertise than it
       | needs, especially if AI predictions play out. What happens then?
        
         | happymellon wrote:
         | > especially if AI predictions play out
         | 
         | Thats a big _if_. Big tech has enshittified everything its
         | touched for a long time now.
        
       | incog_nit0 wrote:
       | It's not just in the hardware sector, it's across the board.
       | 
       | My (American) wife moved to London years ago and was a manager in
       | a prestigious London museum overseeing 60 people.
       | 
       | She has over 20 years experience in some of our top museums and
       | her salary in 2023 was a paltry PS30k.
       | 
       | We just moved to the US and within a couple of months she has a
       | job in museums here but now paying 2.3x the salary (converted
       | back to PS) and only managing a team of 20 people.
       | 
       | Less stress, more resources for uniforms and initiatives and
       | annual salary increases here way above inflation.
       | 
       | As a Londoner I feel quite aggrieved by the situation. It's one
       | thing to increase your salary 50% as a lot of engineers do moving
       | to the US. But to 230% increase your salary is just nuts.
       | 
       | Only London's financial sector pay was globally competitive - but
       | now with Brexit's rules fully locked in even that sector is
       | slowly losing its talent and customers to Europe and beyond.
        
         | Nursie wrote:
         | The UK pays terribly in a lot of areas when compared to the US,
         | Canada and Australia. In software, the only way to keep up is
         | contracting, preferably in London, preferably in finance.
         | 
         | But my partner also pretty much doubled her pay in retail
         | management when we moved to Australia.
         | 
         | The London financial sector may be losing talent to Europe, but
         | from what I can tell European pay in fintech is not comparable.
        
         | titanomachy wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure engineers are also 230% increase or more.
        
           | marcinzm wrote:
           | If you take advantage of the larger number of tech company
           | jobs in the US and were in a non-tech company in the UK then
           | you can make 500% more.
        
         | Earw0rm wrote:
         | The culture sector in London is notoriously badly paid. Mostly
         | staffed by the intellectual trophy husbands and wives of the
         | financial sector.
         | 
         | Even similar sized public sector organisations (thinking
         | education) pay far better. A senior headteacher with 50 or 100
         | staff will do a lot better than a cultural manager.
        
           | porker wrote:
           | > Mostly staffed by the intellectual trophy husbands and
           | wives of the financial sector.
           | 
           | Oh so true. Which helps to explain the number of levels of
           | management in UK cultural institutions, because in London
           | there are enough of these people who want a (poorly paid)
           | role that it's better to have 3 layers of management when 1
           | would do.
        
         | CalRobert wrote:
         | Museum jobs are hideously badly paid. In many cases the real
         | work is done for free by "volunteers" (really poor saps on a
         | 2-5 year job interview) before finding out the actual job went
         | to a buddy of the museum director who doesn't even need to show
         | up most of the time.
        
         | iLoveOncall wrote:
         | If your wife used to manage 60 people and now manages a third
         | of that, it seems like her talent is being wasted NOW, not when
         | she was in the UK.
         | 
         | I'll add that 70K is nothing to write home about in the US,
         | especially if you're not in a low COL state.
         | 
         | The article is about people not going in the field that they're
         | talented at, because it's low paid. Clearly it doesn't apply to
         | your wife which is talented and went in the low paid field.
        
         | gadders wrote:
         | >> Only London's financial sector pay was globally competitive
         | - but now with Brexit's rules fully locked in even that sector
         | is slowly losing its talent and customers to Europe and beyond.
         | 
         | Citation needed. No-one wants to live in Frankfurt.
        
           | marcinzm wrote:
           | A quick Google search will return many:
           | https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/city-london-chief-says-
           | brex...
           | 
           | TLDR: They're not moving to Frankfurt but they are moving out
           | of the UK.
        
             | sealeck wrote:
             | What do you expect the Lord Mayor to say? "Yes we think
             | Brexit was great and that the government is going a good
             | job." They're a lobby, they want to lobby for more
             | concessions.
        
           | dgellow wrote:
           | That's a shame, Frankfurt (am Main) is a pretty nice place
        
         | zipy124 wrote:
         | Software engineers can usually expect to at least 2x their
         | earnings, the median in the uk is PS50k and in the US it is
         | PS100k, and that is not acounting for the significantly lower
         | tax burden. (That pay excludes medical benefits, if you include
         | the dollar value of that and bonuses and equity the difference
         | rises).
        
         | charlieyu1 wrote:
         | Feels the same. Moved to UK a couple of years ago, can't find a
         | PS25k job. Found some outsourced work at American companies and
         | now suddenly I'm going to hit the higher tax bracket
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | This is an issue in most countries, not only UK.
       | 
       | The job market is not prepared to fulfill the promises the talent
       | expects, and in places like SV, what you get is the STEAM version
       | of Hollywood, where every waiter dreams of being the next movie
       | star, and there can only be so much.
        
         | constantcrying wrote:
         | Except that not so long ago the dream mostly came true. For
         | many decades an engineering degree was a golden ticket to
         | middle class financial stability and job security. Both in
         | Europe and the US.
         | 
         | Nowadays that is no longer the case. Mostly because of
         | international competition. People are still completely in
         | denial, that there are people in China who do just as good of a
         | job as they do, but for half the wage. Even more striking in
         | software, where outsourcing to India is very common.
        
       | remus wrote:
       | Not to disagree with the thrust of the article, but I think
       | they're wrong on
       | 
       | > Hardware is riskier than software: No longer true
       | 
       | If you're building hardware you need to source materials for the
       | thing, manufacture the thing somewhere, store the thing somewhere
       | and distribute the thing. All steps that either don't exist with
       | software or are orders of magnitude easier. All this stuff costs
       | money and adds risk, making hardware inherently harder and
       | riskier than software.
       | 
       | Obviously building stuff is still possible, but if you're going
       | in with a VC "how do we scale this to 100 million users in 2
       | years" mindset then there's a lot of logistics in there for
       | hardware.
        
       | nobodywillobsrv wrote:
       | Taxes and a hatred of success by over half the population
        
       | varispeed wrote:
       | Author missed that due to low wages in engineering in particular,
       | people will stop study that, because it requires more effort and
       | is more expensive to learn than stacking shelves - that pays very
       | much the same.
       | 
       | It's a problem of class warfare - government hates working class,
       | including the current Labour government - that despises the
       | working class in particular. They don't want ordinary people to
       | develop skills, start businesses. They want them to slave away in
       | foreign big corporations.
       | 
       | You don't have to look hard for evidence - PM jets around the
       | world asking foreign big corporations to hire British slave
       | workers, instead of spending time home and creating environment
       | for local business to thrive.
        
       | tikkabhuna wrote:
       | The problem I see in the UK is a lack of hubs. I wrote to the
       | Department for Levelling Up when it was a thing.
       | 
       | Finance has done well in the UK due to London and having a
       | significant number of firms in a single place. I can get a new
       | job for a different company, doing a similar thing, in the same
       | building.
       | 
       | How does that work for any other industry in the UK?
       | 
       | Its no wonder that wages haven't risen when moving job also
       | requires you to move house/schools/away from friends and family.
       | 
       | We need the government to get involved and create regional hubs
       | for different industries and really facilitate giving them
       | everything they need. Address transport, power concerns, housing,
       | labour and education requirements. The government is in a far
       | better place to be able to influence across all these
       | requirements.
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | > How does that work for any other industry in the UK?
         | 
         | I don't know about other industries but in silicon there are a
         | few hubs - especially Cambridge, Bristol and London.
         | 
         | When I lived in London there was a big start-up scene around
         | Hoxton.
         | 
         | It's not going to happen for consumer product type things
         | (think Dyson) though because none of the manufacturing is in
         | the UK. Who gets injection moulding done in the UK? Nobody.
         | Dyson is a rare exception and even then it's only R&D that
         | happens in the UK - manufacturing is all in Malaysia.
        
       | jna_sh wrote:
       | I've seen this exact trajectory play out with several friends.
       | Get a good degree in robotics engineering or the like, options
       | are working for civil servant pay at a defense subcontractor, or
       | Ocado. Pretty much it.
        
       | kleiba wrote:
       | If my salary had been my only or even my main objective, I would
       | have taken a very different route in my career. Sure, for some
       | people it is, but there are other factors as well. But if you're
       | from the UK, young and independent, and money is your main drive,
       | what's keeping you from moving to the US, at least for a couple
       | of years?
        
         | eptcyka wrote:
         | The green card lottery?
        
         | zipy124 wrote:
         | Getting a visa is incredibly difficult, with the easiest route
         | being working for a US firm in the UK and transfering to their
         | US offices, but at which point you're already one of the lucky
         | few to score a US job in the UK and are probably paid well
         | enought that uprooting your life doesn't seem worth it.
        
         | dukeyukey wrote:
         | > what's keeping you from moving to the US, at least for a
         | couple of years?
         | 
         | Visas. US has a very very weird visa system that really hates
         | skilled workers.
        
       | saos wrote:
       | The U.K is not doing anything innovative that creates jobs and
       | wealth. Instead the U.K. focuses mostly on housing wealth and
       | building a property empire. This is evident with a govt that's
       | hell bent on stoking demand...after so many years they've only
       | just stopped "right to buy"!!
       | 
       | If we want higher salaries then the uk needs to start creating
       | meaningful and impactful products that other countries want...
        
         | pjbster wrote:
         | Back when he was still considered quotable, Dominic Cummings
         | often mused about the UK's future post-Brexit. I seem to
         | remember his blog mentioning data science and drug research as
         | possible areas where UK could build a global advantage.
         | 
         | I can't be bothered to wade through it all but if you're
         | interested his (old) stuff is here: https://dominiccummings.com
        
         | constantcrying wrote:
         | _And_ these products need to be globally unique. You can not
         | compete with a product that China can make far cheaper.
         | 
         | The US has achieved this numerous times through start-ups.
        
       | mschuster91 wrote:
       | > Founders: Stop fleeing to the US. London can be the hardware
       | capital of the world. We have the talent. We have the creativity.
       | What we need is your audacity.
       | 
       | Easier said than done, Europe doesn't have the money for that
       | (partially because all the exit money circulates in American
       | VCs).
        
       | thom wrote:
       | Things are tough all over. I'm based in Sheffield, and we have an
       | Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre and obviously a rich
       | history of manufacturing and engineering across the city that
       | pioneered chrome steel. But the process for new enterprises
       | always seems the same, you get some small, timid spinout from one
       | of the universities, that spends years iterating through various
       | crumbs of grant money, and maybe finds a corporate partner to
       | commercialise some tech. Everyone's excited about Northern
       | Gritstone, the new regional VC which has raised PS300m and
       | deployed about PS40m so far, but even that is itself basically a
       | university spinout.
       | 
       | I was at an event recently where everyone was excited about a
       | programme to create thousands of new apprenticeships in the steel
       | industry in the region, and sat at the one table of tech people I
       | couldn't help feel they'd probably do better if you just taught
       | them to code, even in this job market. Or alternatively if we
       | actually want a steel industry to challenge China let's do that.
       | But no half measures.
       | 
       | The UK has vanishingly little risk capital compared to the US. It
       | has very few exits and almost no secondary, so what angel money
       | exists is often tied up long term. The British Business Bank are
       | trying to convince more pension funds to expose their assets to
       | the risk/return of VC funds but that's a long and controversial
       | battle. Startup investing is largely driven by income tax breaks
       | rather than dreams of outsized returns. And of course property is
       | such a reliable investment in the UK that it sucks up most of the
       | free money anyway.
       | 
       | A lot of this is (the lack of) network effects and we get grumpy
       | if you say it's a cultural thing. But just once I'd love to hear
       | someone saying they're investing in their local ecosystem, or
       | creating an accelerator, or whatever, because they want to make
       | loads of money. That isn't something you can comfortably say out
       | loud at most startup events in the UK. Lots of talk of Impact
       | Investing, an endless merry-go-round of gobshites wanting to give
       | advice and mentoring, or "do you have any "SEIS left?" Lots of
       | tech agencies working on making other people's ideas go big,
       | selling reliable hours instead of unreliable equity. And a good
       | enough quality of life that all this is fine!
       | 
       | But it can be really hard to find somewhere to plug into and get
       | the energy from. Kudos to those that are making/have made the
       | slog here.
        
         | constantcrying wrote:
         | >a programme to create thousands of new apprenticeships in the
         | steel industry in the region
         | 
         | It seems very cruel to put people into a job market where the
         | entire industry is undercut by China and has very little reason
         | to exist, besides a nominal interest by the government in
         | security.
         | 
         | If you want to challenge China, you have to embrace Chinese
         | poverty, how else are you going to make profitable steel? You
         | have higher energy prices, higher labor cost, higher
         | construction cost and more bureaucracy and you want to compete?
         | 
         | >I couldn't help feel they'd probably do better if you just
         | taught them to code, even in this job market
         | 
         | Seems very cruel to put people into a job market where the
         | entire industry is undercut by India.
        
       | lordnacho wrote:
       | Here's a story I tell from time to time. When I was at uni, we
       | had an internship as part of the course. The course was a joint
       | course between Engineering and Econ/Management, so you could
       | choose from a very wide variety of industries to satisfy the
       | thesis requirement. The business school would coordinate the
       | internships.
       | 
       | So I went interviewing in the engineering firms to the west of
       | the country. Aerospace, materials, that kind of thing. Someone
       | offered me PS12K/year. Even for a student, that seems kind of low
       | as I'd be looking for a short term accommodation somewhere. I
       | kept it secret from the business school because I knew they'd
       | pressure me to take it.
       | 
       | A couple of weeks later, I got an offer from Intel. Not in
       | engineering, but in marketing. PS15k, just about enough to pay
       | rent and eat. But a lot more than engineering. I took the job and
       | has a great time, and I still know people there. Turned down the
       | return offer, due to the firm itself seeming a bit complacent,
       | but also...
       | 
       | During the internship I went to see my friend in central London.
       | He had landed the coveted Goldman's internship. Fully paid
       | apartment for the period, with a view of the river, plus money.
       | PS37k/year if you include the free rent.
       | 
       | So when I went back to university for the final part of the
       | degree, it was clear where I was going to look for work.
       | 
       | I got a job at a prop trading shop, and in the first week a guy
       | told me about his story. He had originally taken one of the jobs
       | in the west country, some sort of aerospace engineering. He had
       | accidentally seen his boss's paycheck, and that made him start
       | looking for work in finance.
       | 
       | These days, what are your options realistically in this country?
       | Particularly if you want to hang around your family in the south?
       | 
       | Finance, big law, consultancy, certain US tech businesses. I
       | don't even understand how doctors live here.
        
         | gadders wrote:
         | Fundholding GPs don't do badly. A lot get 6 figures if they are
         | partners in a surgery.
         | 
         | I think most Doctors etc need to wait until they're consultants
         | until they make decent money.
         | 
         | But I'm like you - fell into banking due to being a Lotus Notes
         | developer when it was flavour of the month and have never left.
         | I reckon I'm on over double what I would be if I'd ended up
         | working for IBM or Cap Gemini or similar.
         | 
         | [And I should say I ended up in project/programme/change
         | management. I'm not still a Notes Developer]
        
           | sgt101 wrote:
           | >I think most Doctors etc need to wait until they're
           | consultants until they make decent money.
           | 
           | A consultant gets PS100k -> PS140K ish from the NHS. However,
           | many supplement that with private work and therefore make
           | significantly more.
        
             | Marazan wrote:
             | Yeah, 100k is starting pay band for Consultants, 140k is
             | after 14 years of service _as a consultant_.
             | 
             | To get to the starting line of Consultant they have to go
             | through the Residency gauntlet which start you off at 36k
             | and hideous hours.
        
               | sgt101 wrote:
               | Yup - I'm not saying it's good or fair, or bad and
               | unfair. I'm just saying this is what it is.
        
             | gadders wrote:
             | To be fair though, they work for it. A consultant I saw
             | recently did a full day with the NHS and they 3 - 4 hours
             | of appointments in the evenings privately at a different
             | hospital.
        
           | lordnacho wrote:
           | I don't know, the doctor route seems like a lot of work for
           | the money. My FIL told his kids not to do it, and he was a
           | surgeon who ran a department. They messed around with the
           | doctors' pensions, and it made a lot of them quit. Conditions
           | are also awful, he started the department in a temporary
           | building and retired with it still there.
           | 
           | A doctor is also a kid who got full A grades as a high school
           | graduate. They'd have the pick of what university course to
           | do, and then they end up doing this thing that takes until
           | you're 30, with insane nighttime hours. It just makes no
           | sense to me that there are still kids who think this is
           | worthwhile. It's not even as if you are guaranteed to be
           | allowed to specialize in what you want either, that's a
           | battle with all the other top students.
        
             | gadders wrote:
             | >>A doctor is also a kid who got full A grades as a high
             | school graduate.
             | 
             | Yes, because the number of med school places in the UK is
             | limited by the government (because they have to fund the
             | extra cost of the course over what students pay in tuition
             | fees). You don't really need to be that smart to be a
             | doctor.
        
           | CalRobert wrote:
           | Is 6 figures a lot?
        
             | blitzar wrote:
             | top 5% nationally is PS81k
        
             | varjag wrote:
             | The pound is slightly heavier than the dollar and overall
             | UK wages are lower. But truth is in most of the world being
             | a doctor is a good career but not something you can build
             | outstanding wealth on. Hence Europeans are often puzzled
             | with "I want my kid become a doctor" cliche from American
             | media.
        
               | zipy124 wrote:
               | That's just not true. Being a doctor still ranks among
               | the top professions by wage in the UK at least,
               | especially since the wage is largely the same regardless
               | of area, and making six figures in an area where you can
               | buy a house for under six figures allows you to live a
               | very very nice life.
        
         | mattnewton wrote:
         | I have noticed this anecdotally as well in costal areas of the
         | United States.
         | 
         | It's like textbook Baumol's cost disease[0], except housing is
         | rising fastest while the cost of labor nearly not at all,
         | because buyers (hiring firms) just don't buy
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumol_effect
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | I always found it interesting that a lot of economists
           | thought that a rising tide lifting all boats could be
           | characterized as a "disease".
        
             | tome wrote:
             | Personally I'd prefer it if good quality healthcare were
             | cheaply available to all without having to be bottleneck on
             | expensive-and-time-consuming-to-train human labour, even if
             | it did mean that the 0.5% of the population that are
             | doctors might end up working differently (and not
             | necessarily for less -- it's not as though the industrial
             | revolution has impoverished society).
        
               | pydry wrote:
               | That's not the same issue at all though.
               | 
               | A waiter from the early 19th century will have much the
               | same productivity as now. Doctors (we would hope) could
               | be more productive by, say, not using bloodletting and
               | leeches to heal people.
        
               | tome wrote:
               | It is the same issue. The reason that medical care is so
               | expensive is that it's bottlenecked on a small number of
               | people who are qualified and licensed to provide it. If
               | it weren't bottlenecked on them then it would be a
               | massive boon to society overall, and it's not clear that
               | it would be particularly detrimental to those people.
        
               | pydry wrote:
               | >It is the same issue. The reason that medical care is so
               | expensive is that it's bottlenecked on a small number of
               | people who are qualified and licensed to provide it. If
               | it weren't bottlenecked on them
               | 
               | That bottleneck is unrelated to the baumol effect.
        
               | tome wrote:
               | The bottleneck is the _cause_ of the Baumol effect. If
               | medicine didn 't require qualified and licensed human
               | labour to provide then we wouldn't have such high
               | healthcare costs.
               | 
               | Now admittedly, there is a gap between the increase in
               | labour productivity of wait-staff and the labour
               | productivity of healthcare providers over the period
               | since, say, the industrial revolution, but both are
               | outstripped by orders of magnitude by the increase in
               | productivity in the manufacturing and IT sectors.
               | Manufacturing is no longer bottlenecked, because we
               | offshore it, and IT is not bottlenecked because new
               | technology is continuing to rapidly increase labour
               | productivity.
        
               | mattnewton wrote:
               | I think, my layman's understanding is the Baumol effect
               | can be basically thought of as paying people to not be
               | the next highest productivity gaining job.
               | 
               | So say bond market traders and computer programmers got
               | more productive relative to doctors, then baumol effects
               | would be paying doctors to not quit and get jobs at
               | google or some bond desk. It'd be much less
               | pronounced/related than say, trade school electricians
               | who haven't become much more productive with the advent
               | of computers but are still needed. Doctors have a lot of
               | other effects limiting their supply by things the
               | licensing practices
        
               | tome wrote:
               | Right, I think that's a valid way of seeing it, and you
               | pay them not to do the next highest productivity gaining
               | job because their current job _is_ productive,
               | particularly in price inelastic sectors like healthcare.
               | 
               | The reason I think it's valid to call it a disease is
               | because you want it to be higher productivity yet, and
               | more price elastic. Increasing healthcare provider
               | productivity would _not_ lower their boats, it would
               | either shift them into the next highest productivity job,
               | or better all round, shift them into _new_ roles within
               | the healthcare system opened up by the increased
               | productivity (for example, personalised healthcare).
        
               | tome wrote:
               | Actually, I think I understand now.
               | 
               | From the point of view of "the alternative is people earn
               | less", "disease" does seem a misnomer. I was thinking
               | from the point of view of "the alternative is sectors
               | become more productive", so "disease" doesn't seem to fit
               | as well.
        
             | mattnewton wrote:
             | The Baumol effect is paying more for the same productivity,
             | which can feel like a disease when you have to pay more and
             | more for the same in some area for services relative to
             | goods to the point where you end up pathologically
             | preferring goods over services.
             | 
             | The JFK-popularized term defending a special interest
             | project trickling down benefits to a wider community isn't
             | really what it feels like to someone in a coastal US city
             | and who is trying to hire an electrician or baby sitter and
             | finding they are priced out of the market.
        
               | pydry wrote:
               | The Baumol effect means that as society gets richer and
               | GDP goes up, orchestral musicians or wait staff or any
               | other profession whose productivity which which enjoy but
               | whose productivity largely hasn't changed since the 19th
               | century get paid more.
               | 
               | The "disease" is equivalent to a rising tide raising all
               | boats or the _lack_ of commodification of certain forms
               | of human labor.
               | 
               | The "cure" for baumol's "cost disease" would be an
               | explosion in income inequality.
        
               | tome wrote:
               | But if we had robotic wait staff then that would be a net
               | benefit for society, and the human former wait staff
               | would go and do something else that's slightly more
               | valuable for an amount of pay that's either slightly less
               | or slightly more depending on the effect of automation on
               | the whole economy, probably slightly more in the long
               | run. This is the story of industrialisation!
               | 
               | Thought experiment: would it be good if we replaced mass
               | transit by individual taxi drivers, because there would
               | be so much demand for those taxi drivers that their boats
               | would be lifted?
        
         | swarnie wrote:
         | I wonder if we ever crossed over, i also worked for Intel in
         | the west country (Swindon) and now whore myself out to
         | aerospace/defence in the same area.
         | 
         | I see what our engineers are paid and its genuinely concerning.
        
           | ktallett wrote:
           | Is the UK more in line with the norm though and the US is the
           | outlier? I would say the UK, Europe, and Japan all have
           | similar wages (although Japan has worse benefits and on the
           | whole a larger expectation of workers so it's not like for
           | like.)
        
             | blitzar wrote:
             | > Is the UK more in line with the norm though and the US is
             | the outlier
             | 
             | Mostly the US is an outlier. Unfortunately, UK property
             | prices, food prices, utilities etc make Silicon Valley look
             | cheep.
        
               | gambiting wrote:
               | Not disagreeing with your general point, but UK food is
               | _very_ cheap, compared to almost anywhere in western
               | europe and nowadays with the states too.
        
               | Xelbair wrote:
               | UK's food, not eating out mind you, is on par with even
               | eastern europe in some cases.
        
               | ablation wrote:
               | That's a boring, played-out stereotype that wasn't even
               | true 30 years ago, let alone now. If you've never set
               | foot in a UK supermarket I could see you perhaps still
               | languishing under this delusion.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | I think they are referring to the price, not the quality
               | or selection.
               | 
               | From a very quick search, a litre of milk is 20% cheaper
               | in the UK compared to France, Germany and even Poland.
        
               | swarnie wrote:
               | But no, food is incredibly cheap.
               | 
               | Its true i can't eat steak 4 nights a week as god
               | intended but we manage to scratch cook 3 meals a day for
               | 2 people for PS70 a week, PS85 with a wine pairing.
               | 
               | If you want to forgo eight different vegetables and four
               | different proteins im sure you can do it for less.
               | 
               | I know too many people complaining "food is expensive"
               | when all they live off is gas mark 6 / 25 mins beige
               | rubbish.
        
               | gambiting wrote:
               | I literally just came back from a month in Poland, and UK
               | food prices in supermarkets are just as low if not lower.
               | Certainly Aldi prices easily beat Polish supermarket
               | prices on nearly everything, maybe with the exception of
               | baked goods.
               | 
               | Don't get me wrong - M&S and Sainsburys are very
               | expensive places to shop. But I don't see the quality at
               | Morrisons or Asda or yes, even Aldi as being any worse
               | and the prices are very low. Go to France or Germany and
               | try to compare, I can bet that for your average buyer
               | groceries will be cheaper.
        
               | Xelbair wrote:
               | I was there twice last year.
               | 
               | Food was cheaper. It's not that UK is cheap, it's more
               | that eastern europe has gotten more expensive.
        
               | twic wrote:
               | I think they meant by price, not by quality. And there's
               | nothing wrong with Eastern European food anyway!
        
               | BoxOfRain wrote:
               | It feels like it's got more expensive though, and worse
               | quality. A lot of the garlic I've had this year has been
               | in a sorry state to use a random example, and as well as
               | food you buy to cook things like fish and chips which
               | used to be a cheap takeaway meal cost a fortune now.
               | 
               | The depressing thing is that it'd rise a lot more if
               | supermarkets weren't using their weight to squeeze
               | farmers.
        
               | dukeyukey wrote:
               | >Unfortunately, UK property prices, food prices,
               | utilities etc make Silicon Valley look cheep.
               | 
               | That's not true - UK food is _very_ cheap, and overall
               | living costs are quite a lot less than the UK. Property
               | is the real killer in the UK (and eating out I suppose).
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | Eating out is entirely optional, it's property that's the
               | killer, and as everyones wages increase, so does rent,
               | because there's more money chasing the same number of
               | properties.
        
             | robin_reala wrote:
             | US is an outlier. You can look at self-described data for
             | front-end engineers from the annual State of JS survey for
             | an indication (try clicking on USA vs World):
             | https://2024.stateofjs.com/en-
             | US/demographics/#yearly_salary
        
           | lordnacho wrote:
           | Did you at least get to play with the demo computers? Some of
           | the most fun times before everyone had a super powerful
           | machine were when we got to borrow the top-of-the-line demo
           | machines to play on all weekend. Set up in one of those
           | conference rooms, pizza for everyone.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | At this point someone please explain to me how finance doesn't
         | exist to extract wealth from the rest of us.
        
           | fxtentacle wrote:
           | It's called capitalism because we use capital to allocate
           | value creation. So obviously finance extracts wealth, that's
           | their job in a capitalist system.
        
             | DrScientist wrote:
             | We only allocate to value creation if there is a
             | functioning free market.
             | 
             | The banks profit margins would suggest that they are not
             | really facing the fierce winds of competition.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | But in the case of OP the value creation does not happen
             | because they are working in finance instead of in a job
             | creating value.
             | 
             | I want to see some decent analysis of the situation, not
             | stories about how the system is supposed to work.
        
               | mewpmewp2 wrote:
               | Decision of where to allocate money creates value.
               | Imagine you have 500k to allocate. You can choose to
               | invest in A or B, after analysis you realize A is a
               | failing business, but B with 500k invested will create
               | enormous value by producing product C. If you didn't
               | allocate in B this company wouldn't have had enough money
               | to produce C and succeed.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | Yes, but this can still be true if the system works in a
               | perverted way.
               | 
               | In your example, you should include how many $ go to the
               | entity doing the allocation. If this is an insane amount
               | of money, then maybe we are better off without finance
               | and just figure out the optimal allocation in some other
               | way.
        
           | skirge wrote:
           | if money come from printer and not from factory you need a
           | "printer operator", not a worker or engineer
        
           | mjburgess wrote:
           | The job of secondary financial markets is to redirect areas
           | of surplus unproductive wealth (that makes no return), to
           | productive areas. By the magic of markets, sustained
           | profitability = productive use of resources.
           | 
           | The problem with labourers who work in these secondary
           | markets however, is the same as the guards who watch the
           | gate: they can extract large tolls for being in the right
           | place at the right time.
           | 
           | People in finance are rich because they're well-placed to
           | skim highly productive traffic. However, it is -- in the vast
           | majority of cases -- only skimming. The system functions very
           | well to take unproductive surplus and allocate it
           | effectively.
           | 
           | Though admittedly today, the larger beneficiaries are
           | increasingly monpolies, and so on. But this isnt a side
           | effect of the finance industry, but of the state.
        
             | lordnacho wrote:
             | > The system functions very well to take unproductive
             | surplus and allocate it effectively.
             | 
             | How do you quantify this?
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | I've heard this many times, but where is the proof? How
             | would you apply it to the story of OP?
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | This...but a twisted, bloated, incompetent, and
             | malevolently self-serving version of it.
             | 
             |  _Actual_ efficiency would dictate that there be only a
             | relative handful of finance jobs, let alone very well-paid
             | finance jobs. And that the vast majority of the money go to
             | actually productive industries. And that the financial
             | markets understand the principles and timescales of other
             | industries, so they don 't screw everything up with
             | decisions equivalent to "Fiscal quarter ends in June, and
             | Farmer Jones says he can harvest zero corn by then. Shut
             | him down."
        
             | vladms wrote:
             | > Though admittedly today, the larger beneficiaries are
             | increasingly monpolies, and so on. But this isnt a side
             | effect of the finance industry, but of the state.
             | 
             | For markets to exist, monopolies must be avoided. As you
             | can't expect large companies to police themselves, this was
             | generally the role of the state. The states must strike a
             | balance between keeping large companies happy (that want
             | monopolies and have cash today) and true markets (which are
             | efficient on the long run).
             | 
             | The finance industry is probably just a side effect of
             | everybody focusing on short term (both public traded
             | companies and politicians/states)
        
             | yobbo wrote:
             | > The system functions very well to take unproductive
             | surplus and allocate it effectively.
             | 
             | What did you measure to come to this conclusion?
        
               | rich_sasha wrote:
               | In much of the developed world, economic productivity
               | seems to correlate strongly with availability of free
               | capital (I don't have a source but I imagine it's fairly
               | straightforward to cook one up). Even US vs Europe, kind
               | of similar economies, but with capital so much easier to
               | come by in the US, and US productivity per capita is
               | flying compared to Europe.
               | 
               | Availability of free capital is a function of both just
               | general wealth of a society, and how well lubricated the
               | wheels of finance are.
               | 
               | I don't think this is a controversial theory, even if it
               | comes with unpleasant side effects (white collar crime,
               | inequality etc). Just as having a buoyant defence
               | industry that can churn out a lot of boom is great for a
               | country's war fighting potential.
        
               | Dalewyn wrote:
               | It's essentially the willingness of a society to fund
               | what looks like and could actually be a complete waste of
               | time and money.
               | 
               | In the US there's plenty of money to throw on seemingly
               | frivolous pursuits, because stagnant money is generally
               | considered wasted money. It's considered better to have
               | that money "working for you" invested in _something_ ,
               | _anything_. You could lose out, you could also win big,
               | at least you tried. Can 't have omelets without cracking
               | eggs, as the saying goes.
               | 
               | Another Europe-like example is Japan: A rich society with
               | lots of money, but society doesn't want to waste it. So
               | most of the money is stagnant, stored in deposit accounts
               | or in a bedroom drawer (literally, see: Tansu Yokin[1])
               | instead of being invested in something consequently
               | leading to a stagnant economy.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.seattletimes.com/opinion/a-nations-
               | character-rev...
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | Money in a drawer doesn't really detract from any
               | national investment. It's just paper.
               | 
               | It's the allocation of _capital_ that matters. Land,
               | machinery, and so on.
               | 
               | The extent of this is that if money sits in drawers not
               | being spent, it represents diminished demand, which
               | suppresses prices; the government can then print a
               | corresponding amount of money to allocate capital towards
               | other purposes. Leaving money in the drawer means
               | delaying until another day your vote for how national
               | resources should be allocated.
        
           | hoppp wrote:
           | The modern monetary system is a big pyramid scheme so...
        
           | Dalewyn wrote:
           | It's actually Pretty Bloody Hard(tm) to store or move
           | money/wealth safely and properly, not the least because most
           | of us are all highwaymen when given the opportunity. Banks
           | exist to try and bring some civility to that madness, with
           | the cost being (ideally) a pittance skimmed from the top to
           | keep their highwaymen tendencies at bay.
           | 
           | If you want to call them a protection racket akin to the
           | mafia... you're probably right.
           | 
           | Of course, banks these days are much more than that and
           | there's plenty to rightfully crucify them for. But even
           | still, there's a reason being called a third-rate bank clerk
           | is an insult among the highest order.
        
           | pja wrote:
           | Finance jobs in London / New York (partially) can afford
           | those pay rates because they extract wealth from the rest of
           | the world.
           | 
           | Whether they do so in return for services rendered or are
           | extracting rents by acting as gatekeepers is a question that
           | never quite gets resolved. A little of each I suspect,
           | depending on the context.
        
         | whywhywhywhy wrote:
         | The UK is over educated so everyone who walks into an interview
         | has a degree so it just isn't worth anything and puts you at
         | the starting line, internships are there to mold nothing into
         | something and if that values too low for you there is a queue
         | of people behind you also with degrees who would be happy for
         | the opportunity.
         | 
         | If your focus is money then higher education is the wrong path
         | anyway, it's oversubscribed.
        
         | petesergeant wrote:
         | > These days, what are your options realistically in this
         | country? Particularly if you want to hang around your family in
         | the south?
         | 
         | In 2013 I was working as a CTO in London, managing a team of
         | 40, and I could just about afford a run-down 2-bedroom in a
         | just-ok part of Zone 1, assuming I wanted to make some savings
         | too. My salary wasn't bad for the role, outside of banking.
         | Anyway, that was pretty much the end of living in the UK for
         | me.
        
           | ta1243 wrote:
           | 90% of the problems in the UK come down to the cost of
           | housing in London (and maybe a couple of other key cities,
           | but mainly London)
           | 
           | This cost is driven by relatively high wages in London, so
           | people on good salaries can afford more, so prices go up as
           | supply is constrained and demand increases.
           | 
           | The rest of the western world is starting to see this, and
           | before London had the issue, city states in the far east like
           | Hong Kong and Singapore had the same problem.
        
         | mellosouls wrote:
         | If you are only doing it for the money, your point is fair -
         | but there are many of us for whom - beyond reasonable
         | necessities - that is at best a secondary consideration.
         | 
         | Anybody who moves from engineering to finance doesn't have
         | their heart in engineering - which is fine, but its not like
         | they had no choice.
         | 
         | Agree though that London and parts of the South place extra
         | pressures on people looking to build a life and home.
        
           | officialchicken wrote:
           | > Anybody who moves from engineering to finance doesn't have
           | their heart in engineering - which is fine, but its not like
           | they had no choice.
           | 
           | Ahhh, the classic no true engineer / scotsman argument ... I
           | couldn't possible be an Engineer because I like hard software
           | projects with smart people, good budgets, and tight
           | deadlines.
        
           | StefanBatory wrote:
           | Passion does not pay the bills; or later on, a comfy
           | lifestyle.
        
         | rich_sasha wrote:
         | Senior doctors are paid OK actually. Consultants are paid
         | between 105-140k [1] with a big pension contribution too.
         | That's not Goldman pay, but also quite secure and a big pension
         | contribution from the employer which isn't included in the
         | salaey. Also scope for very nice NHS/private combo. Also at
         | this point, to have any medical care in the UK, you basically
         | need to know a doctor...
         | 
         | Now, sure, that salary might be too low, and working for the
         | NHS seems like hell but it would seem the money isn't the main
         | obstacle. Maybe not right now for 2 years ago that was a very
         | good pay.
         | 
         | There are other pay-related issues. Marginal tax between 100
         | and 150 or so is incredibly high, around 60-70%. This is
         | because many nasty things kick in there. Tax free allowance
         | shrinking for example. Doctors are double screwed in some
         | cases, as by law they have to contribute a lot of their salary
         | to pension, and in this threshold often exceed their allowance
         | - which is a real kick in the nuts, seeing how they can't
         | reduce it, and anyway, pension saving should always be seen
         | favourably in a place like UK. These are by the way some of the
         | reasons for doctor shortages in the UK, senior doctors have
         | little incentive to work harder, many cut their hours with
         | little difference to their net pay.
         | 
         | But these aren't strictly linked to their headline salary.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-
         | roles/doctors/pay-d...
        
         | Symbiote wrote:
         | In ~2006 I had a similar experience arranging my work placement
         | during university, although I was earning a bit more -- PS16k
         | for software development in the South East, just outside
         | London. The banks were certainly offering a lot more,
         | PS30-something-k.
         | 
         | The university careers person said five banks would each take
         | all fifty of us, just on the basis of us being Imperial College
         | students, so we should apply them and forget anything else we
         | were interested in as it wouldn't pay well. She couldn't
         | understand the person who wanted to work at a computer game
         | company.
         | 
         | We complained to the head of department, who was furious. A
         | short time later there was a new careers person.
        
         | SkiFire13 wrote:
         | I also had a similar experience in Northern Italy. I did an
         | unpaid internship for 2 months during my bachelor (you don't
         | really have a choice here) and then remained working part-time
         | from time to time while getting my master. When I graduated
         | they offered me EUR17k, meanwhile I got a EUR65k internship
         | offer in Milan...
        
       | awanderingmind wrote:
       | This is interesting, but as other commenters have noted, the
       | general point applies more broadly than hardware versus software,
       | or UK versus the US - if you're only trying to optimise for
       | income, 'go work in the US and/or the financial industry' is
       | solid advice for many people, and the macroeconomic incentives
       | driving this are not easy to shift. I also make much less than my
       | counterparts in the US - but here in South Africa moving to the
       | UK to work in the finance industry is considered a major win for
       | many people, because the salaries are better and is considered
       | higher 'prestige' for some reason.
       | 
       | Eleven years ago during my MSc. in theoretical physics I was
       | writing Fortran code to solve scattering equations to serve as
       | input into quantum field theory calculations. Since then I've
       | worked for a bunch of startups, alternating between writing
       | boring backend services and doing 'data science' that is often no
       | more complicated than linear regression or writing SQL queries.
       | The continual hype, toxic positivity, and unhinged growth
       | expectations has made me essentially tap out mentally. I also
       | consider this a 'waste of my talent' (not that I was ever really
       | a great physicist!), but as I get older I am no longer sure what
       | would have satisfied me in that regard (is this bad or good? - I
       | honestly don't know). More money would be nice I guess. I
       | typically get bored/frustrated and change companies every few
       | years - I'm currently 3 years in at a fintech (elixir backend).
        
       | gadders wrote:
       | >>"Engineers: Your brain's worth billions. Build empires, not
       | apps."
       | 
       | Pay engineers billions, then, not CEOs, VCs and shareholders.
        
       | benrutter wrote:
       | I think a lot of this is exactly right - but one tiny caveat I'd
       | add is that comparing the UK to the USA is sometimes a misnomer.
       | On a size basic, the UK is much more comparible to a US state
       | that the USA as a whole, and a lot of the observations made here
       | are probably equally true of some US states like Colorado where
       | talent is moved out to California.
        
         | piker wrote:
         | The UK is almost twice the size of the largest US state--
         | California. And that comparison doesn't fare well for the UK.
         | The UK is below the US' poorest state in terms of GDP per
         | capita.
        
           | benrutter wrote:
           | I'd still argue that it's a more realistic comparison (even
           | if 2x off) than comparing to the whole of the USA
           | (significantly more off)
        
           | AdamN wrote:
           | > UK is almost twice the size of the largest US state--
           | California You mean by landmass? Looks like the UK is quite a
           | bit smaller than California and I presume is a middle-sized
           | state in size terms:
           | 
           | https://www.mylifeelsewhere.com/country-size-
           | comparison/unit...
        
             | IshKebab wrote:
             | He meant population.
        
       | t43562 wrote:
       | Just a note - 100k jobs aren't that common in software in the UK.
       | Perhaps they're there in finance but there are a lot of people
       | looking for software jobs now who accept much less. I've managed
       | to avoid the finance sector my whole career in the UK by working
       | for telcos, since I felt that, for me personally, finance was
       | intensely boring and motivated by all the worst and most short
       | term values.
       | 
       | IMO the whole attitude to finance here is difficult because not
       | enough people have become rich through software/electronics to be
       | angel investors. It's still a place where the big old money comes
       | from people in banking. The arts are respected, being rich is
       | respected, but the rest of us are still "techies" and that's an
       | attitude prevalent throughout the population. The person who
       | fixes your washing machine gets called an "engineer."
       | 
       | It's a matter of who has the power.
       | 
       | Success breeds success and we have had some great ones - it's
       | just that the whole economy is still skewed towards finance.
       | People want the pound to have a high value. Investment comes here
       | to seek "safety". Costs are high. Everything is short term. We
       | have "spaffed billions" on leaving our local trading bloc but
       | moan a lot about investing in HS2. In other words we're not
       | really united and trying to build a future. The population is
       | aging and some of it thinks "only a few more years for me" and
       | "I'm alright jack".
       | 
       | Do I really know? This is all just the bullshit whirling around
       | in my head.
       | 
       | There's a chance with net-zero. It will require huge investments.
       | If you want to do hardware then I suggest you think about that.
       | Octopus Energy's Kraken system, heat pumps that work together to
       | spread out demand over the day, home energy controllers, battery
       | chargers ...who knows. One word of warning though: I'm actually
       | from Africa and any idea that ends with "....for disaster relief
       | in Africa" is a mistake. If your idea only works in poor
       | countries then I think you'll never make any money. Nobody really
       | cares significantly about disaster relief, especially the
       | potentates of those countries who have allowed the disastrous
       | situations to occur through their own mismanagement.
        
         | ldite wrote:
         | > 100k jobs aren't that common in software in the UK
         | 
         | They really are, if you're prepared to work for $BIGCO
        
           | zipy124 wrote:
           | Exactly what he means by not common, meta employs only around
           | 1000 software devs in london, same for goldman. If you only
           | have 1000 devs you can bet they aren't hiring that many per
           | year. There aren't that many $BIGCO jobs in London, but yes
           | they do pay very very well.
        
             | ldite wrote:
             | I didn't mean FAANG companies - these days I work for a
             | boring 500 person SaaS company (outside London) and we have
             | at least 50-100 engineers at PS100k+, excluding equity.
             | 
             | I get a lot of recruiter spam on Linkedin for roles at
             | retail banks, outsourcers, consultancies, SaaS companies,
             | startups, etc. etc. in the PS90-110k bracket. I do also get
             | a lot of recruiter spam for laughably underpaid jobs, in
             | particular hardware/embedded roles, which is why I switched
             | out of embedded.
        
       | coolThingsFirst wrote:
       | The common European tragedy, if I could go back in time I
       | would've never majored in CS. The salaries are just not worth the
       | effort and struggle required to get there.
       | 
       | Much better to have partied and taken a lightweight major. Those
       | extra 400-500 euros simply don't make up for the wasted youth
       | reading Tannenbaum.
        
       | alexisread wrote:
       | Sadly the UK has a long history of underinvesting in cutting edge
       | tech, from aerospace (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAC_TSR-2
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Aerospace_HOTOL further
       | development of Concorde)
       | 
       | to transport
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Passenger_Train
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracked_Hovercraft
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovertravel
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinclair_C5
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maglev#Birmingham,_United_King...)
       | 
       | to chip design (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmos transputer,
       | static RAM, VGA standard).
       | 
       | Interestingly, the 3 British designers who made up Flare
       | Technology, had a big influence on console and computer designs
       | in the 80s/90s: They were responsible for the ZX Spectrum
       | (partly), Konix Multisystem, Atari Falcon, ATW (and Blossom
       | graphics card), Atari Jaguar, Super FX chip, Nuon
        
       | wazoox wrote:
       | This problem isn't limited to hardware engineers, nor to UK. All
       | across Europe, a massive brain drain is occurring, and the way
       | it's going we'll become developing countries in a couple of
       | decades at most.
        
       | mgaunard wrote:
       | The comparison of salaries doesn't necessarily make sense there.
       | 
       | Cost of life in the UK is only high in London, and remains lower
       | than California.
       | 
       | I remember working as a software engineer on PS32k, and I could
       | still afford a 3-bedroom house with a garden, garage and a car.
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | That must have been a very long time ago!
        
           | mgaunard wrote:
           | 10 years ago.
        
       | turbojerry wrote:
       | Firstly I would not go back to London unless I had the protection
       | level of a government Minister. My life is not worth any amount
       | of money and violence is out of control.
       | 
       | Secondly the government acts as an economic terrorist by stopping
       | innovation. Search engines and social media are a classic example
       | by treating them as publishers so the owners are liable for any
       | copyright infraction. No one is going to build a company with the
       | threat of being prosecuted over the actions of one of their
       | users. This goes for hardware as well, e.g. the government
       | brought in the EU regulations on drones, which bans the flight of
       | autonomous drones and thus stops innovation. This means people
       | like myself who were working on autonomous drones had to stop,
       | causing me to lose out on millions in revenue and the government
       | missed out on the taxes I would have paid.
       | 
       | Short of a revolution or an economic collapse nothing will
       | change. The latter is baked in at this point, when and how bad it
       | will be I do not know, I'm hoping for the best and planning for
       | the worst.
        
         | 0x70run wrote:
         | > Firstly I would not go back to London unless I had the
         | protection level of a government Minister. My life is not worth
         | any amount of money and violence is out of control.
         | 
         | I feel like there's heavy observation bias here. Maybe you had
         | a bad experience or two, but I've been living in London for the
         | past 4 years and haven't had any such encounter(s) so far. You
         | make it sound like London's some third world warzone; I
         | personally felt that New York, SF, and LA were far more unsafe
         | when I was living there with the amount of homeless people and
         | fentanyl addicts walking around.
        
       | tomhoward wrote:
       | I don't think it's just a UK thing, or that it's much easier to
       | start a hardware startup in the USA.
       | 
       | I think it's more that the bar for getting a hardware startup off
       | the ground is much higher than a software startup - everywhere in
       | the world.
       | 
       | Personally I've been trying to self-fund and bootstrap a hardware
       | startup (based in Australia but I'm reasonably well connected in
       | Silicon Valley as I'm a YC alum). I've had plenty of early
       | success and validation of all my market theses, but it's super
       | hard to get any investors interested. Plenty say "exciting" and
       | want to chat. All lose interest when you start talking funding
       | needs and path to market.
       | 
       | In a world in which investors and other startup industry contacts
       | are accustomed to seeing a bootstrapped SaaS app showing signs of
       | growth and revenue just a few months in, with a hardware startup
       | it's just impossible to avoid looking like a failure by
       | comparison - due to all the costs, delays and complications
       | involved with getting an MVP to market. And because successful
       | hardware startups are so scarce relative to software ones, it's
       | hard even to get any good advice; there's just barely anyone
       | around with good, relevant experience to share (and I already
       | know many of the people who have built companies in this vertical
       | in past decades, none of whom are in SV).
       | 
       | I've come to the conclusion that the only way to make it work is
       | to start by achieving success as a software startup, then
       | transition into hardware to later - but even then you'd have to
       | convince investors that it's worth the risk.
       | 
       | In short, the whole tech industry has been spoiled by easy SaaS
       | wins over the past decade, and that's all that most investors are
       | willing to even consider.
       | 
       | The exceptions are "start-big and-get-huge-fast" plays like Groq
       | - but the founders of that company were already highly
       | credentialed and connected when they started, and even then
       | vanishingly few investors are willing/able to fund new companies
       | like that. That's not the kind of thing young, unproven founders
       | can pull off, anywhere.
        
         | sylware wrote:
         | Yep, look at RISC-V, the most promising hardware is from the
         | USA. It is not yet on the latest silicon process, but with the
         | latest GPU, I guess we could run the latest games, until the
         | game devs recompile and QA a bit their games (obviously on
         | elf/linux)
        
           | jononor wrote:
           | Most promising by what definition? And what subset of
           | applications/markets are you considering? In the
           | microcontroller space, China is leading on RISC-V. EspressIf,
           | WCH, et.c are already shipping units at scale. Of course
           | these are low value chips, but the volumes are large. The
           | combined shipments for microcontrollers are in tens of
           | billions of units annually. The technology choices in the
           | space changes slowly (32 bit over 8/16bit is quite
           | recent...), but over the next 10 years RISC-V looks poised to
           | take a decent chunk.
        
             | sylware wrote:
             | Look at risc-v official web site, some company called
             | sifive and their UEFI workstation boards.
             | 
             | And I want to be able to buy a USB-C RV64 SOC (without ARM
             | blocks) with tons of GPIOs for my future keyboard
             | controller.
        
         | zipy124 wrote:
         | The largest problem I see is shipping times. If I need to
         | download a new software "part" (library or other), the shipping
         | time is the download time, nearly instant.
         | 
         | If I need new hardware pieces, its either next day shipping, a
         | few days by air-freight or three weeks on a boat from china.
         | 
         | This limits prototype turnover time, and means iterating quick
         | is much harder.
         | 
         | Finally you have the problem that hardware is expensive and an
         | additional cost. A hardware startup has all the same costs as a
         | software company but with the addition of hardware.
        
           | tomhoward wrote:
           | That's a big part of it. But mostly it's that your
           | dev+deploy+evaluate cycle is so much slower. With web
           | software you can write a feature or bug-fix and push to prod
           | in minutes - and repeat that many times a day. With hardware
           | each equivalent cycle is weeks or months (especially in my
           | vertical - farms).
        
             | zipy124 wrote:
             | That's what I meant by prototype turnover time, your
             | iteration cycle.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Some of us write software for embedded devices where a
             | mistake in programning means a critical machine in a remote
             | area needs someone to physically go there and thus spend
             | months in test before we dare deploy. Some of us care about
             | quality and won't allow a customer to see bugs thus even
             | though we can deploy in seconds our reputation won't allow
             | it. There is also software that bugs can kill people so
             | again we won't deploy without evtensive testing - much of
             | this is regulated and we would go to prison for deploying
             | at will even if it works.
             | 
             | those who work in any of the above react in horror to
             | stories of how the web deploys to production so fast. we
             | know we are not perfect and don't understand how you would
             | risk it.
        
           | whiplash451 wrote:
           | True but that reality applies to all your competitors. Your
           | investors should care about your performance relative to the
           | market.
        
             | progbits wrote:
             | Not to your competitors in Shenzhen, they can get basically
             | any part within one day or can get any prototype made
             | easily.
        
               | llm_trw wrote:
               | They also get it stolen even faster.
        
             | tomhoward wrote:
             | Investors are generally wanting to see little existing
             | competition so that's not really the issue.
             | 
             | They're more concerned with factors that will cause the
             | company to self-destruct. Running out of money before
             | hitting PMF and growth is the most common failure mode for
             | any startup, and is much more likely with any hardware
             | startup, due to the dramatically slower iteration times.
        
           | varjag wrote:
           | The pace is not really parts supply constrained in my
           | experience. It just takes much longer to build and validate
           | even relatively modest design changes.
        
           | llm_trw wrote:
           | Parts are pretty much instant, pcb turn around times are 3 to
           | 15 days depending on how complex they are.
           | 
           | Even in the bad old days of punch cards and priesthoods the
           | turn around for software was faster.
           | 
           | I have a little pcb mill in the garage that I use for
           | prototypes.
           | 
           | To this day I've not met another EE that knows what a voronoi
           | mapping is, or why you'd want one. In a previous startup
           | where I was the software engineer I got through more
           | prototypes for the analogue signal paths in an afternoon than
           | the two other EEs had in the previous week.
        
             | YakBizzarro wrote:
             | Only for simple pcb. If you are making multi-layer pcb with
             | complex stacks, pcb manufacturing and soldering (with
             | associated tooling setup, validation and so) are easily 2
             | months of turnaround
        
               | mrmlz wrote:
               | Well to be fair if you add "validation" the turnaround
               | for any noncomplex piece of software can reach months
               | pretty quickly as well.
               | 
               | But yeah I'm not gonna argue that sw isn't faster than hw
               | in 99% of the cases.
        
           | ta988 wrote:
           | In some shops this is solved by staggering scheduling so
           | people work on several projects. Some aspects of HW can be
           | simulated (think analog with SPICE-likes, or logic level like
           | the chip designers and FPGA users do) so this reduce the need
           | to iterate every time in hardware.
           | 
           | A lot of the iteration work can also be done on the board you
           | received. You don't have to wait for your new board to see if
           | those additional decoupling capacitors will do something, you
           | add them on your current board by hand... You would be amazed
           | at how far rewiring can go, sometimes entire BGAs are
           | removed, installed dead-bug style and each pin wired by hand.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Do you see potential for better software design and
           | simulation tools including VR to reduce the need for physical
           | prototypes?
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | Where I've worked in hardware dev, the biggest bottleneck is
           | software.
        
             | jillyboel wrote:
             | It's because hardware developers don't take the software
             | side seriously and either assume they can just do it
             | themselves or don't think it's worth a decent salary
        
               | Cumpiler69 wrote:
               | Couldn't be more untrue
        
         | Folcon wrote:
         | Just to chime in and say that bootstrapping does work in this
         | domain, I say that as someone who's had a few friends go down
         | that route, but yes, it's really tough.
         | 
         | There's also people I know who built small scale solutions and
         | then managed to push that into funding and funnily enough a
         | Kickstarter as well though I don't think he'd recommend anyone
         | follow that route.
        
         | hintymad wrote:
         | UK ignited the First Industrial Revolution. It's sad to see
         | that UK has slipped to number 16 or lower when it came to the
         | market share of global manufacturing. And the problem is not to
         | just UK, but to pretty much all the developed countries. Many
         | nations and people have benefited greatly from globalization,
         | but I have to ask: is it worth it if the cost is forfeiting my
         | own country's manufacturing know-how and supply chains? And
         | yes, I'm fully aware of the theory of comparative advantages,
         | but in the meantime, but manufacturing can still bring great
         | income to many families and nations still compete and even go
         | to wars with each other, right?
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | Even the Americans can't manage economic isolation. It takes
           | a global civilisation to build a smartphone. We _might_ have
           | been able to get closer to it by being in the EU, but now we
           | 're on our own on that one.
        
             | hintymad wrote:
             | Yeah, I do recognize that. I just wish that the US could
             | have a healthy mixture of light and heavy industry, so that
             | the cost building any mission critical systems will not go
             | through the roof, and so that we will be able t build
             | anything domestically if we want. Even though it's likely a
             | pipe dream now, but at least the US can do so for the WW II
             | and after WW II for quite some time.
        
               | talldayo wrote:
               | That ship sailed. It's like the other comment said -
               | China embraces manufacturing to make other countries
               | inept at it. It's not _only_ that American precision
               | engineering is mostly at parity with China, it 's that
               | manufacturing _anywhere else_ is a waste of money. When
               | unibody aluminum Macbook cases are machined, they _never_
               | are machined in America. They 're sold to Americans,
               | marketed as an American company, but your device (even at
               | the markup Apple charges) cannot be made economically in
               | America, period.
               | 
               | In a broader sense, I'd say that America is headed down
               | the same road the UK is too. We expect people to pay
               | hand-over-fist for our tech talent that isn't any better
               | than what you can get in Pakistan or China. Our hard
               | markets are getting bearish, our leadership wants to de-
               | globalize, and American tech wants to maintain global
               | control without acquiescing to local governance.
               | 
               | America had the economic lead before WWI and after WWII,
               | but now we've bet the farm on our ability to market
               | bullshit. America's national economy cannot survive if
               | the App Store and ChatGPT are our premier exports.
        
               | creer wrote:
               | > unibody aluminum Macbook
               | 
               | This to me is a super interesting example. Nobody but
               | nobody NEEDS a unibody aluminum anything. But it's cool,
               | light, beautiful - and sells great - so it's what gets
               | produced even when the only place that makes sense for
               | that is China. The Macbook could temporarily return to
               | more manageable production - like plastic - and the world
               | would not end.
        
               | talldayo wrote:
               | It's a commercialized and well-distributed example. You
               | could replace it with any other machined commodity -
               | engine blocks, turbojets, ablative shielding, toilet
               | seats, you name it. The industries have all moved in the
               | same direction and have no hope of ever coming back.
               | Capitalism fought authoritarian subsidy, and capitalism
               | lost.
        
               | creer wrote:
               | > Capitalism fought authoritarian subsidy, and capitalism
               | lost.
               | 
               | If we are going to blame something I would think it's the
               | chinese enthusiasm for capitalist business development.
               | 
               | It's not the chinese State Owned Enterprises that earn
               | american contracts, mostly. Not to mention Foxconn being
               | a taiwanese company that earned that business in the US
               | to begin with (and only later moved it to mainland
               | china.)
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Realistically in order to prosper the UK needs to join up
             | as part of a "greater NAFTA" trade bloc. But the UK no
             | longer has anything that the USA needs so they'll have to
             | make major concessions to get a deal done.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | The UK left the largest free trade area a few years ago.
               | 
               | There's little appetite to join the American one, as it
               | would mean lowering standards (food etc) which ruins
               | Britain's specialties.
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | I realize it's an outdated stereotype but man it says
               | nothing good about America when the UK won't join up
               | because it would compromise the quality of available
               | foods.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | When you're starving you eat what's available regardless
               | of how appetizing it looks. The UK isn't starving yet,
               | but how long can they hold out? And has NAFTA ruined
               | Canadian or Mexican food?
        
             | creer wrote:
             | That's not entirely true (about global civilization being
             | needed). Any nominally developped but not too wasteful
             | country or even just California could do it. It's just that
             | that ship has sailed and we collectively decided a long
             | time ago NOT to go that way. Recovering from these choices
             | would take a lot of time and a lot of money that we would
             | rather spend on railroads to and from nowhere (California).
             | Sarcasm aside, americans, europeans, japan in particular
             | are not ready to pay the price for that - even while they
             | could totally afford it. They are busy paying the price for
             | lots of other things and can't be bothered.
        
           | wcfrobert wrote:
           | The US outsourced its manufacturing to China in the name of
           | comparative advantage. Bob bakes bread, Alice grow apples.
           | Everyone is better off because of specialization.
           | 
           | In Thomas Friedman's latest nyt column, he refers to China's
           | manufacturing dominance as a play to de-industrializing other
           | countries. It may just be globalization is incompatible with
           | political realities.
        
             | soVeryTired wrote:
             | Or... Bob makes bread, Alice grows flowers. Alice needs
             | bread; Bob likes flowers but can go without if he wants to.
             | Who's going to come off worse if they have an argument?
        
               | chronic7300690 wrote:
               | > Who's going to come off worse if they have an argument?
               | 
               | The US.
               | 
               | But 4 year election cycles and quarterly earning reports
               | are incompatible with long-term planning.
        
               | ericmay wrote:
               | On the other hand, long-term planning is susceptible to
               | disruption and unforeseen events, and when we have long-
               | term government plans they have a way of taking on a life
               | of their own and defending themselves even if they have
               | outlived their usefulness.
               | 
               | Everything has trade-offs.
        
             | constantcrying wrote:
             | >Bob bakes bread, Alice grow apples. Everyone is better off
             | because of specialization.
             | 
             | America is 300 Million. Europe is almost a Billion. These
             | populations are more than large enough to specialize in
             | everything.
             | 
             | >Everyone is better off because of specialization.
             | 
             | Why?
        
               | creer wrote:
               | > These populations are more than large enough to
               | specialize in everything.
               | 
               | My impression is that population size is not very
               | relevant in the math of trade specialization profit. It's
               | still more profitable to play on relative strengths and
               | weaknesses. You can find other things to worry about like
               | security (from droughts and earthquakes perhaps), or
               | political or strategic desires. In particular, trade is
               | likely beneficial even when local production would be
               | cheaper than remote production - just because there are
               | other things that can be done localy and even stronger
               | (like phone games or advertising-oriented browser feature
               | destruction /s).
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | Why would European population of almost a billion people
               | need to specialize on anything? What would it even
               | specialize on. What does that world need that there need
               | to be 10% or the world working on it?
               | 
               | >In particular, trade is likely beneficial even when
               | local production would be cheaper than remote production
               | - just because there are other things that can be done
               | localy and even stronger
               | 
               | This only matters if you can not do both. If your
               | population is large the amount of things which it can do
               | especially good can easily be exhausted before you run
               | out of people.
               | 
               | I don't even see how you _can_ specialize. What does
               | China specialize in? (Before answering, think about the
               | things which China is not trying to produce or the
               | services it is not trying to perform. Can you name even
               | one?)
        
               | creer wrote:
               | "Specialize" is not quite the right word. In trade
               | economics (from the very crudest level), trade is
               | beneficial to BOTH parties EVEN when etc etc etc. i.e.
               | higher profit. It's really hard to beat trade.
               | 
               | It's not that anyone needs to specialize as in "otherwise
               | it won't work". It's that it's more profitable and so
               | people will tend to prefer that plus some extra money in
               | their pocket.
               | 
               | And it's not specialize as in only do wine, cheese and
               | perfume and nothing else. It's systematically favor some
               | things that you are relatively better at than others, and
               | trade for the others (not even 100%, you can export some
               | plastic parts and import some similar plastic parts at
               | the same time). Even if the other country could
               | themselves be better at it. So for France, engineering of
               | all kinds, wine, cheese, perfume, meds, etc but also any
               | manufacturing that by chance has gotten and remained
               | strong (say, like airplanes, some electrical equipment,
               | whatever else that really any other country also could
               | possibly manufacture).
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | You did not answer any of my questions.
               | 
               | I do not think that Europe or the US even could
               | specialize in anything. The population is so large that
               | for every good and service needed there is a group of
               | people who are specializing in it right now.
               | 
               | What single good/service is not at all produced in
               | Europe. Which single good/service is not produced in
               | China?
               | 
               | At the scale of 1B people specialization becomes
               | meaningless. You can't even accomplish it if you wanted
               | to. All you could do is letting one of your industries
               | get out competed by some other power.
        
               | creer wrote:
               | I feel we are talking past each other so I will leave it
               | at that.
               | 
               | The specialization you ... expect? is irrelevant.
               | 
               | Business jets are not produced in China, large efficient
               | passenger jets are not produced in China, printed silk
               | scarves branded Hermes, silent diesel electric submarines
               | for export are not produced in China. (See what I did
               | there?) And that's irrelevant to why trade exists.
               | 
               | Even an up-to-the-minute super competitive manufacturer
               | has no incentive (except political and some risk-
               | aversion) to do everything in-house or in one country. It
               | does have incentives to trade with other countries and
               | other companies. Even if it possibly had the machines and
               | low cost employees on hand and already trained to do
               | that, from an economics point of view it should (in the
               | long term), sell some production units, focus on the
               | others and trade for the difference.
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | >Business jets are not produced in China, large efficient
               | passenger jets are not produced in China, printed silk
               | scarves branded Hermes, silent diesel electric submarines
               | for export are not produced in China. (See what I did
               | there?) And that's irrelevant to why trade exists.
               | 
               | Literally every single one of these is false. China is
               | producing every single one of these things.
               | 
               | Business Jet: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comac_C909
               | 
               | Large efficient passenger jet:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comac_C919
               | 
               | Hermes: China is well known for producing knockoff
               | products. 0% chance that some Chinese factory is not
               | making Hermes branded scarfs.
               | 
               | Silent diesel electric submarines for export:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_039A_submarine (Yes,
               | they are actually made for export)
               | 
               | I think it is pretty clear that you are totally and
               | utterly wrong.
        
             | ren_engineer wrote:
             | comparative advantage is disproven at this point, because
             | economists are failed math majors who don't account for the
             | innovation flywheel effect and general network effects.
             | Silicon Valley software industry happened because of the
             | proximity to the existing hardware industry there. Same
             | thing for other forms of manufacturing and the US gave it
             | away in the name of short term profits
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | When the UK had its industrial revolution it had an empire.
           | I'd say dropping to 16 is pretty fair given its size and
           | influence today.
        
           | flir wrote:
           | When I was a kid (80s) I knew old boys with lathes and mills
           | and pillar drills at the bottom of the garden. They were the
           | last generation, I think, of a tradition rooted in the
           | Victorian era which informally transferred a lot of knowledge
           | from one generation to the next.
           | 
           | My pet theory is that their disappearance is tied closely to
           | the cost of land. I see US-based hardware hobbyists' shops on
           | YouTube, and I think "I couldn't even afford to build a shed
           | that big". The tools themselves are often actually pretty
           | cheap second hand at auction, because the demand is so low,
           | but I live on the back of a postage stamp in comparison with
           | those guys.
           | 
           | (Another possibility is simply that software ate the world.)
        
             | qazxcvbnmlp wrote:
             | Land is expensive in the areas people want to live. But
             | yeah, tools are much cheaper, esp if you slowly grow over
             | time.
        
             | rjsw wrote:
             | My grandfather got a lathe and pillar drill as his
             | retirement gift from work, he also taught me how to etch
             | PCBs and build radios.
        
             | jillyboel wrote:
             | It's insane how much space there is in America, and most
             | Americans don't realize this beyond a simple "america big".
        
           | constantcrying wrote:
           | >but in the meantime, but manufacturing can still bring great
           | income to many families
           | 
           | How so? If you aren't willing to buy from China many products
           | will become unavailable and the rest will go up 10x in price.
           | 
           | Disentangling yourself from the global economic system is
           | hard and painful, especially if you have just disentangled
           | yourself from one super block.
        
         | foobarian wrote:
         | Would it be fair to say that the "unicorn" effect is a lot
         | harder to achieve as well? If VC rely on 1 out of N startups
         | doing well then that 1 success needs to achieve over N-fold
         | returns just to break even.
         | 
         | On the other hand I have no trouble coming up with examples of
         | hardware companies that did well: Apple, Nvidia, Intel... but
         | those time scales are titanic.
        
           | rbanffy wrote:
           | > Apple, Nvidia, Intel.
           | 
           | Not sure they are great examples. Intel is going through a
           | lot of pain now (but it's been very successful in the past).
           | Apple was in a terrible situation before its reverse
           | acquisition by NeXT (NeXT paid one Steve Jobs for all of
           | Apple and got $400 million in change). Nvidia got insanely
           | lucky with Bitcoin, then with AI. Its original plan was to
           | make 3D accelerators for gamers and, maybe, engineering
           | workstations.
           | 
           | All of them were a couple wrong decisions away from doom
           | multiple times.
           | 
           | Think Commodore, who made one of the most popular computers
           | ever, only to be mismanaged into the ground.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Luck and timing obviously play huge roles. But I like to
             | think that as an industry we no longer frequently make
             | mistakes quite as outright _stupid_ as Commodore management
             | did. There are at least some generally understood tech
             | industry best practices which prevent decisions like that
             | when there is serious money at stake.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | Nokia enters the chat
        
           | BobaFloutist wrote:
           | It's funny that you didn't mention Dell, Lenovo, Sony, or
           | even Microsoft and Nintendo which both make their money off
           | the software than the hardware, but are also companies that
           | produce and selling hardware.
        
             | brewdad wrote:
             | Those companies don't _produce_ hardware. They _assemble_
             | it. Big difference.
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | Nvidia outsourced their manufacturing, as did a lot of
           | similar startups from the 90s. Even back then, VCs didn't
           | want to invest in hardware companies that were going to
           | actually build their own hardware because that's expensive,
           | they wanted companies that designed their products in the USA
           | and had them manufactured by other fabs.
           | 
           | Nvidia got lucky by building a product that just happened to
           | be amazingly well suited to a technology that would emerge 20
           | years after they were founded. Credit where it's due, they
           | developed CUDA and gave universities gobs of cash/hardware to
           | train students to leverage CUDA for machine learning and
           | later, AI. But if not for AI, Nvidia would still be a video
           | card designer with a market cap of maybe 5% of its current
           | valuation.
           | 
           | It's difficult to call them a hardware company in the sense
           | that Intel is. They only do designs of hardware, and a lot of
           | their value comes from the software they designed to leverage
           | their hardware in ways beyond their initial purpose.
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | > That's not the kind of thing young, unproven founders can
         | pull off, anywhere.
         | 
         | The UK, with a comprehensive social safety net, should be more
         | willing to take small risks. I know it's now what happens, but
         | it'd be important to understand why something that _should be_
         | actually isn 't.
        
           | varispeed wrote:
           | What safety net? UK does not have a safety net.
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | That's fair. UC and the NHS are far from ideal, but,
             | compared to the US, they are heaven.
        
               | kristianc wrote:
               | I think that needs to be qualified heavily -- salaries in
               | the UK are much lower both in nominal and PPP terms, so
               | there's much less opportunity to build one's own safety
               | net, and the NHS is overwhelmingly focused on providing
               | care for the elderly. To a young(ish) startup founder,
               | the presence of the NHS and UC makes little to no
               | difference.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | Maybe a good way to incentivize more risky entrepreneurs
               | is to provide a better safety net. I would, however,
               | caution against making it too perfect (and I hate myself
               | for saying that, because I would prefer people worked on
               | whatever brings them happiness, not money) - part of the
               | drive for Americans (and the reason they risk so much on
               | it) is the need to accumulate as much capital as possible
               | as soon as possible, because they know they won't enjoy
               | any sort of safety net when they grow old.
        
               | kristianc wrote:
               | Let me rephrase -- in the UK we have a generous and
               | expanding safety net, for the elderly, voted for by the
               | elderly, and paid for at great expense by the working
               | population.
        
               | kadushka wrote:
               | Isn't there a safety net for the elderly in US as well?
               | I'm talking about Medicare.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | The startup founder in the UK needn't worry about a bad
               | cycling accident (happened to a friend in his thirties),
               | an early cancer (colleague in her thirties) or losing
               | their job just before a baby is born (friend in his
               | thirties).
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | Why? Each one is life changing event. Just because some
               | part of the bill is paid by the government does not mean
               | it is any less worth worrying about.
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | Those events will always come with challenges but at
               | least bankruptcy won't be one of them.
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | Why not? If you are a startup founder you might have
               | significant capital invested and be in debt. The
               | government will not pay your companies bills while you
               | are unable to work.
               | 
               | I think a VC funding you is a much better security
               | against any of these events than health insurance being
               | forcibly deducted from your pay.
        
               | bobsmooth wrote:
               | Those 3 events can easily saddle someone with 100k of
               | debt. Surely you can understand how that might hamper an
               | up and coming entrepreneur.
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | >Those 3 events can easily saddle someone with 100k of
               | debt. Surely you can understand how that might hamper an
               | up and coming entrepreneur.
               | 
               | That is the case in the UK as well. If you have a start
               | up in which you have invested capital and suddenly can't
               | work anymore that is a huge _financial_ disaster. The
               | state is not going to fund your business while you
               | recover in hospital.
               | 
               | Also the medical debt is something you would only have if
               | you weren't insured. Both US and UK have health
               | insurance, the only difference is that in the UK you have
               | to pay for it, in the US you don't.
               | 
               | In any case having a _well funded_ startup is a far
               | better safety net than a forced insurance.
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | This is true. People associate a safety net with
               | healthcare, but young and healthy startup founders are
               | more worried about making rent or mortgage payments if
               | their startup should fail.
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | UC seems almost specifically set up to prevent people on it
           | from starting a business, with it's look-through provisions
           | and capital limits.
        
         | DrScientist wrote:
         | Interested in your opinion on crowd-funding as a way of raising
         | initial capital - ie cut out professional investors and go
         | direct to potential customers?
        
         | momojo wrote:
         | What are your thoughts on Anduril?
        
         | NickC25 wrote:
         | > _I've had plenty of early success and validation of all my
         | market theses, but it's super hard to get any investors
         | interested. Plenty say "exciting" and want to chat. All lose
         | interest when you start talking funding needs and path to
         | market._
         | 
         | I started a non-tech food product company, and have found the
         | exact same thing to be true in my line of work. It's odd.
         | 
         | Here's a conversation I recently had with a potential investor.
         | 
         | "You've got a years worth of sales to convince me you have
         | found ideal PMF?"
         | 
         |  _Yes._
         | 
         | "You've found the resources you need to scale to the degree
         | that I'd get a good return if sales continue to grow?"
         | 
         |  _Yes._
         | 
         | "You've built a small team with some industry vets, and have
         | some great talent on your advisory board who know the ups and
         | downs of building a brand and product in your chosen space?"
         | 
         |  _Yes._
         | 
         | "You've boostrapped your way to $100k in revenue, have
         | developed a cult-like following in your local market and are
         | seeking a small amount to be able to grow the product to a
         | state-wide or nation-wide scale?"
         | 
         |  _Yes._
         | 
         | "How much do are you looking to raise?"
         | 
         |  _Not a lot by modern standards. A million dollars would last
         | us several years_
         | 
         | "Why should I invest in you? Your industry's traditional exit
         | valuation isn't triple digit. Sorry"
         | 
         |  _Why the fuck did you come to me and ask for this meeting?_
         | 
         | > _In short, the whole tech industry has been spoiled by easy
         | SaaS wins over the past decade, and that's all that most
         | investors are willing to even consider._
         | 
         | This needs to be echoed from the rooftops. And seen by a whole
         | bunch of investors/VCs whose hubris has prevented them from
         | investing in anything else.
        
           | fuzzfactor wrote:
           | >Examples of wasted potential:
           | 
           | > Sarah: Built a fusion reactor at 16. Now? Debugging fintech
           | payment systems.
           | 
           | > James: 3D-printed prosthetic limbs for A-levels. Today?
           | Writing credit risk reports.
           | 
           | > Alex: Developed AI drone swarms for disaster relief at 18.
           | Graduated with top honours from Imperial. His job? Tweaking a
           | single button's ergonomics on home appliances.
           | 
           | >These aren't outliers. They're a generation of engineering
           | prodigies whose talents are being squandered.
           | 
           | Just the opposite can still be like a mirror image :\
           | 
           | When I was younger than that in the land of the dollar bill I
           | had already made millions for our clients in financial
           | services.
           | 
           | At the time of course the dollar and the pound sterling were
           | still backed in a non-fiat way at about $2.5/PS1 which people
           | could count on for the long term.
           | 
           | Once everything went fiat, nobody could afford anything
           | physical like they could before.
           | 
           | I didn't get out of high school until after 1971 so it was
           | already far too late.
           | 
           | Then I went to the University to study hardware type things
           | so I would have something to sell where concrete value was
           | being added, not merely shuffled around or gradually
           | extracted. The business school had a ridiculous cheating
           | scandal and they weren't as good at math as I would have
           | liked anyway.
           | 
           | But manufacturing momentum continued to dwindle with
           | skyrocketing inflation and labor costs.
           | 
           | Regardless, I'm still not finished improving my abilities to
           | _create_ and /or _make_ all kinds of things from mechanical
           | hardware, electronics, chemicals and more, but only sold one
           | physical product for a limited number of years in my
           | employers ' or my own company, which was a side product
           | within a pure service provider. You can be prepared your
           | whole life and still not get up to launching hardware as
           | easily as you can with something having much less raw
           | material cost.
           | 
           | Which is naturally the way it always was, but one day the
           | costs just skyrocketed out of sight and beyond the reach of
           | millions more technologists in a most insidious way, so no
           | more manufacturing for you. And millions is a lot, that grew
           | to include today's big slice containing almost _all_ of the
           | promising creatives who are capable of earth-shaking physical
           | inventions who were fortunately not previously confined to
           | such an exclusive (never be able to afford it again) club. If
           | past progress would have been limited the same way, Bell Labs
           | or NASA could never have even gotten off the ground in the
           | 20th century. Does anybody today have any idea what places
           | like this were _supposed_ to be like in the 21st century?
           | Hint; not less-capable of putting every other contender to
           | shame, and certainly not smaller or non-existent. While still
           | being dwarfed in size by the combined power of industrial
           | research labs supporting domestic manufacturing.
           | 
           | I guess it's just remaining momentum continuing to slow from
           | an era that was already bygone before I got out of college.
           | Once inflation kicked in, average people couldn't afford to
           | buy US-made products any more, manufacturers couldn't afford
           | to keep making them, and it never got better. Reagan came
           | along and it got even worse. Remember, the great mothballing
           | of factories in the 20th century is only temporary until the
           | value of the currency in average peoples' pockets comes back
           | :\
           | 
           | If you want to be able to make anything you could possibly
           | need, you need to already be making everything you already
           | need.
        
       | constantcrying wrote:
       | Completely wrong on the root causes. Britain _used_ to have a
       | large hardware industry, where these people would actually get to
       | do proper engineering.
       | 
       | The difference between Germany and Britain is that Germany still
       | has large, successful and innovative hardware companies and it
       | still has decent engineering jobs. Britain has lost them,
       | together with the companies which once offered them.
       | 
       | But these jobs didn't vanish into thin air, they vanished to
       | India and China, which now control the companies making "British"
       | cars (MG, Lotus, Jaguar, Landrover, etc.).
       | 
       | There is the delusion in many Western people that e.g. China just
       | can not do proper engineering and that outsourcing jobs there
       | will not work. This is false. Most engineering jobs people do can
       | be done just as well by people on the other side of the world for
       | half the pay. The only reason you get paid twice the money for
       | the same thing is institutional inertia, a company can not move
       | it's development all at once to there other side of the world, so
       | there need to be people locally to do engineering, even if it is
       | more expensive. This is not something which will remain true
       | forever.
       | 
       | These Hardware jobs are paid terribly because they well paid for
       | the _global_ market rate.
       | 
       | It is not geography, or lack of innovation or VCs. It is
       | outsourcing.
        
         | nsteel wrote:
         | I don't disagree with anything in particular here but I'm not
         | sure your latter paragraphs do anything to explain why Germany
         | is different. Or are you saying it's also institutional inertia
         | and it's just a matter of time for them to end up the same?
        
           | constantcrying wrote:
           | >Or are you saying it's also institutional inertia and it's
           | just a matter of time for them to end up the same?
           | 
           | Exactly. Britain has lost its industry long ago, while
           | Germany did not. The situation right now is different, but I
           | do not believe the trajectory is.
           | 
           | Especially when it comes to software, even the largest
           | corporations in Germany just outsource to India. And
           | justifying hiring people for 2x/3x//4x the cost at "home"
           | becomes increasingly hard.
        
       | dmwilcox wrote:
       | I moved from Silicon Valley to London -- a funny thing I haven't
       | seen mentioned is that the tax rates on RSUs are absolutely awful
       | (extra NI can push rates to nearly 60%).
       | 
       | That is a large disincentive for working in a tech company versus
       | finance. Tech companies especially start-ups largely pay in stock
       | which could be mispriced and you make more (or less) money than
       | could be predicted. But versus finance paying pure cash, less
       | (equity) risk, and a lower tax rate the incentives are clear.
       | 
       | HMRC I don't think should be underrated in their effects on
       | answering the question -- "should I start my start-up in the US
       | or the UK?"
        
       | bArray wrote:
       | I'm somewhat bucking this trend as a hardware engineer in London,
       | a few comments:
       | 
       | > Geographical Constraints: Unlike lucrative software jobs,
       | hardware engineering demands physical presence.
       | 
       | Not completely true. Our engineers take hardware home, and I have
       | a mini-lab at home for developing hardware. If COVID2.0 kicked
       | off tomorrow, we would be robust against this.
       | 
       | > Venture Capital: European VCs, mostly bullish on fintech and
       | SaaS, remain wary of hardware. Result? A feedback loop of
       | underinvestment and missed opportunities.
       | 
       | Extremely true. I cannot overstate how wary of hardware investors
       | are. As with software, you have two types of hardware: research-
       | based and engineering-based. Engineering-based hardware is
       | actually quite low risk if the risks are well understood.
       | 
       | > Innovation Stagnation: We're not just losing salary
       | differences; we're missing out on the next ARM or Tesla.
       | 
       | 100%. Even when the UK accidentally creates the likes of ARM, it
       | always fails to stop it being purchased by other Countries.
       | 
       | > False. London is around the same as NYC and more expensive than
       | most parts of California and definitely Texas. This also ignores:
       | 
       | I'll put some numbers to it. If you want a house share (one
       | bedroom, shared common rooms and utilities), at a PS1600 budget
       | you will struggle to find somewhere. On a PS25k salary, losing
       | PS5k to pension, etc, your ENTIRE salary goes on accommodation.
       | If you are one of those pesky eating humans who sometimes
       | requires clothes, travels to work, etc, it's literally
       | impossible.
       | 
       | > "UK's small market limits growth."
       | 
       | In any situation you have to realise the opportunity. As the
       | article points out, the hardware engineers are 25%-50% of their
       | US counterparts at the same quality.
       | 
       | > Your next unicorn isn't code. It's cobalt and circuits. Back
       | the tangible.
       | 
       | It's actually a mixture of the two. Software and hardware working
       | in tangent. The barrier to entry with software is very low, it's
       | difficult to compete there. The barrier to entry to hardware is
       | higher due to time and costs, you can work there and have less
       | concern about competitors.
       | 
       | The profit margins are also far higher, as there is a tangible
       | thing, there is a greater perception of value. You buy <Software>
       | and it takes a year to develop. You spend another year writing
       | <Update>, people expect to get it for free, despite the same
       | resources being applied. When you buy <Hardware>, the next
       | iteration which is a year of <Update> can be sold at full price,
       | and people will pay it.
        
         | agwp wrote:
         | Aside from computer hardware, another industry that the UK is
         | nowhere near ambitious on (despite its fortunate geography) is
         | offshore wind power.
         | 
         | This is an area with ridiculous potential in the UK if the will
         | and the financing was there to build it.
         | 
         | [Conservative analysis
         | shows](https://www.sustainabilitybynumbers.com/p/can-solar-and-
         | wind...) that if only 10% of the UK's EEZ was used for offshore
         | wind, it would produce >2000 TWh annually (over 2 trillion
         | kWh).
         | 
         | That is equivalent to half of [all the electricity consumed by
         | the United
         | States](https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/electricity/use-of-
         | elect....) - from a country with five times fewer people, a GDP
         | one-eighth the size and a total land area 39 times smaller.
         | 
         | Not only would developing this sector be an industrial driver
         | in itself, but the sheer excess of carbon-free power could be
         | used to power the growth of other sectors - from energy-
         | intensive data centers to heavy industry. Needless to say it
         | would also act as some protection given geopolitical risks with
         | fossil fuel supplies.
         | 
         | And also the [development of novel energy storage solutions](ht
         | tps://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/01/thermal-...)
         | means concerns about periods of low wind will likely become
         | less of an issue over time.
        
         | zipy124 wrote:
         | One bedroom house shares in london (Zone 2 or further) are
         | closer to PS1-1.2k a room currently btw. They maybe get that
         | high in Zone 1, but there's almost no reason to live in euston
         | or kings cross over living in camden/kentish town for example
         | in the northern direction.
        
       | cue_the_strings wrote:
       | This is really not a UK-only thing, it's a thing everywhere.
       | 
       | The US has some defense jobs that pay well (but are immoral IMO),
       | and there are some gambling-machine related jobs that pay well,
       | but otherwise engineering pays really poorly.
       | 
       | I used to work as an embedded engineer in Slovenia, in the
       | automotive industry, and wanted to potentially move to Germany or
       | Austria or Switzerland to do something similar. After
       | interviewing with some really prominent companies, household
       | names if you will, and seeing their offers - I bushed up on my CS
       | and switched to finance.
        
       | aiisahik wrote:
       | The answer here can be found if you just "follow the money" and
       | realize that while some investments follow international
       | boundaries, other types of investments are highly mobile.
       | 
       | The lack of UK hardware startups is due to the lack of local VC
       | appetite and the unwillingness of US VCs to fund a non-Delaware
       | incorporated company. Therefore the investment from a VC to a
       | startup is generally "bounded" by geography.
       | 
       | The lack of UK VC appetite is due to the fact that there are just
       | not that many LPs that want to give their money to a UK VC given
       | their choice internationally. The LP investment to VC is
       | "unbounded" - meaning it just follows exactly where the returns
       | are highest.
       | 
       | What we really need is for UK startups to break the international
       | border between silicon valley and the UK (or anywhere else for
       | that matter). This means setting up a Delaware C corp, selling to
       | the US, but keeping most of the talent in the UK.
        
       | Simon_O_Rourke wrote:
       | > I think it's more that the bar for getting a hardware startup
       | off the ground is much higher than a software startup -
       | everywhere in the world.
       | 
       | I hear ya on this, and it's not just the setup costs, or the
       | testing or the certification... It's a non trivial task to run a
       | hardware company. Even the stuff you don't expect. For instance,
       | a good friend of mine founded a health startup that makes
       | wearables, and they were almost torpedoed in the first year of
       | operation by some mouthy influencer who went about publicly
       | calling their beta release product a fraud. This is despite the
       | fact it worked and did what it should.
        
       | throwaway83726 wrote:
       | A lot of these comments tell me that most commenters haven't
       | actually worked in the EU or attempted to build wealth here.
       | 
       | I come from an unprivileged background, my father joked that he
       | might leave me an empty bottle of whisky when he died. I went
       | from making 20k USD at my first job to over 800k per year.
       | 
       | Taxation never particularly blunted my avarice or desire to
       | advance further, and I never minded paying my taxes either.
       | Frankly, only two things ever really slowed me down: the good old
       | boys clubs in Europe, where if you haven't gone to the right
       | schools, they treat you like you're supposed to be a slave rather
       | than expect a slice of the pie... and the good old boys clubs in
       | the US, where unless you're in CA/NY, well, again, how dare you
       | expect a slice of the pie.
       | 
       | If I could, I'd gladly try to get richer than Musk, and honestly,
       | fuck the taxes. Having miserable poor people around me sucks more
       | than paying taxes. I'd rather they enjoy some of my success too.
       | That way I can hire fewer bodyguards.
        
         | constantcrying wrote:
         | >the good old boys clubs in Europe
         | 
         | What are you talking about? This certainly is not a "European"
         | phenomenon.
         | 
         | >I went from making 20k USD at my first job to over 800k per
         | year.
         | 
         | Then you are extremely lucky, as those just are extremely rare.
        
       | honeybadger1 wrote:
       | Gotta love how the folks spinning slick pitches make bank, while
       | the engineers actually building our world are left pinching
       | pennies. But hey, that's capitalism for you.
        
       | yapyap wrote:
       | > Meanwhile computer science graduates land lucrative jobs in big
       | tech or quant trading, often starting at PS100,000+
       | 
       | I mean, not really
        
       | hbrav wrote:
       | I'm a Brit who has worked in finance and AI. I honestly want to
       | move into building hardware. My background is physics, I want to
       | build things that make the world better. But the businesses just
       | seem absent. One of the UK's most exciting hardware projects was
       | Reaction Engines, and they went bankrupt recently.
       | 
       | I really want to know what we can do to fix this. As a country,
       | we aren't building things that people want. Which means we are
       | less powerful.
        
         | heeton wrote:
         | Same. I'm in the UK, I've been a software dev for a long time
         | (with forays into physical consumer products, not
         | electronics/hardware).
         | 
         | I tinker with robotics, rpis, embedded tools, and the potential
         | _power_ there is huge. But I never hear or see of jobs or
         | opportunities (in the ballpark compensation of software).
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | > As a country, we aren't building things that people want.
         | 
         | The key distinction is between "what people want", "what people
         | are prepared to pay for", and "what the people with all the
         | money really want to buy".
         | 
         | The huge success of gatcha games which understand the economic
         | inequality among their audience is important. Most of the free
         | users are effectively there as an audience for the few whales
         | who pay for the whole thing.
         | 
         | Similarly, startups are not so much about serving unmet needs
         | as about fishing for whale VCs, of which there are very few and
         | all searching in the same pond of Silicon Valley. They in turn
         | want whale companies: a mere profitable business isn't enough,
         | it has to be world-dominating.
         | 
         | The financial sector makes a lot of money because it serves the
         | customers who have the money.
        
       | rfool wrote:
       | Oh no! What you describe is generally known as a 100% german
       | trait.
       | 
       | You cannot steal it from us and relabel as british! No, Sir!
       | 
       | BTW: your examples stink.
       | 
       | From first to last one:
       | 
       | > Sarah: Built a fusion reactor at 16. Now? Debugging fintech
       | payment systems.
       | 
       | Nice, but that fusion reactor? Where is it? Did she really
       | accomplish something?
        
         | rfool wrote:
         | Btw: remaining examples are just as stupid as the first one.
         | 
         | Ideas are worth nothing. Even if they shine
        
         | constantcrying wrote:
         | Germany has multiple successful and innovative engineering
         | companies, where engineers work for good wages.
         | 
         | >Where is it? Did she really accomplish something?
         | 
         | Building a fusion reactor is not that hard, although that
         | example is probably hyperbole. Note that a fusion reactor is
         | something totally different than a fusion reactor which outputs
         | net energy.
        
       | ETH_start wrote:
       | All economic development initiatives face an uphill challenge if
       | the underlying macro conditions aren't right.
       | 
       | The solution for the UK, the EU and Canada is simple but
       | politically anathema: cut taxes
       | 
       | A 2018 study shows tax increases significantly reduce innovation.
       | A 1% increase in the top marginal income tax rate leads to a 2%
       | reduction in patents and inventors, while a similar increase in
       | corporate taxes causes even larger declines.
       | 
       | The study is quite rigorous too:
       | 
       | https://www.maximum-progress.com/p/tax-cuts-and-innovation?r...
        
       | nedt wrote:
       | The cost of living thing is debunked very quickly, but I think
       | it's missing some aspects. I'm not in UK, but just on Europe main
       | land, but I can easily pay for my flat, don't need a car for
       | anything, while still living pretty much in the city center,
       | should I lose my job I still get payed while looking for another
       | job, should I get sick I can also just go to a doctor or the
       | hospital and pay up to nothing, my kids just go to kindergarten
       | and school also with paying up to nothing. At the very least most
       | of that is not true for the US. So earning less is okish. Of
       | course I'd also love to get more. But it's not as much needed as
       | it might be in the US.
        
       | ashergill wrote:
       | > The reality for most graduates is even grimmer:
       | 
       | > * PS25,000 starting salaries at traditional engineering firms
       | 
       | > * Exodus to consulting or finance just because it's compensated
       | better
       | 
       | This is _exactly_ my career so far.
       | 
       | The key thing about the British economy is that while most things
       | operate in a free market, construction is centrally planned by
       | councillors who are incentivised to block most development. So
       | the whole economy is struggling, but industries that need
       | physical space are especially hard hit. Your local council can't
       | block you from writing more code, but can stop you from building
       | lab space near where people want to live and work.
       | 
       | My first job out of uni was in a wonderful small engineering firm
       | in Cambridge. Lab space there is eye-wateringly expensive because
       | it's illegal to build enough, so we were based in a makeshift lab
       | in an attic next to the sewage works. I loved working there, but
       | it shows that we're restricting our small businesses
       | unnecessarily through our planning system.
       | 
       | The solution is frustratingly simple, but politically suicidal
       | for any government that tried to implement it: just legalise
       | development subject to basic design codes. I hope we see some
       | planning reform before it's too late for our struggling
       | innovation industries.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | I used to live and work in Cambridge. In many ways it's a
         | victim of its own success; people will, not unreasonably, argue
         | that it's a beautiful little town of historic buildings,
         | embedded in a primarily agricultural county of either prime
         | agricultural land or protected wetland. They're not going to
         | let you build Shenzen in Shelford no matter what the economic
         | benefit might be. Meanwhile it's close enough to London that
         | the property prices tick upwards to London commuter weighting.
         | 
         | (This is also why we have expensive electricity, because people
         | oppose building any infrastructure. I'm coming round to the
         | idea that there should just be county-by-county referendums
         | where people have to pick either blanket allowing energy
         | development or having a bill surcharge.)
        
           | glompers wrote:
           | The wiki editor(s) who wrote the boosterish Economy
           | subsection of the wiki page on Peterborough [1] (thirty miles
           | away, same county) make it sound as though it is a growing
           | area that does want to grow more.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | I can tell that you've read the Wikipedia page rather than
             | going to Peterborough.
        
               | vanderZwan wrote:
               | Could you clarify how the vast majority of people in the
               | world who will never set foot in Peterborough (including
               | me) should interpret that?
        
         | shawabawa3 wrote:
         | > but politically suicidal for any government that tried to
         | implement it
         | 
         | Labour just got into government and literally the third bullet
         | point in their manifesto is:
         | 
         | * Reform our planning rules to build the railways, roads, labs
         | and 1.5 million homes we need and develop a new 10-year
         | infrastructure strategy.
         | 
         | So i would hope it's not political suicide to follow through on
         | that
        
           | tormeh wrote:
           | We'll see. Taking away local control over land development is
           | going to be controversial. A lot of rich and politically
           | connected people are not going to like this. The last three
           | decades in the west has been an endless series of victories
           | for landowners. It's hard to imagine that this time really is
           | different.
        
             | immibis wrote:
             | New Zealand took away local control over land development,
             | and then promptly elected a right-wing central government
             | that hates land development. :/
        
           | speedbird wrote:
           | 1.5M new homes won't even keep up with immigration. Not to
           | mention schools and hospitals.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | It'd be better than not having them.
             | 
             | Major problems are rarely solved with one fell swoop, but
             | instead thousands and thousands of small improvements.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | The problem always ends up being that it's extremely local
           | (read: NIMBY).
           | 
           |  _Everyone_ wants more Z, Y, X. _Nobody_ wants to change
           | where they are to support it. This is why even areas that
           | redevelop in places that are friendly to it, take decades.
           | 
           | The "old" solution was to just build a whole new factory town
           | elsewhere, but that doesn't work as well, and especially
           | doesn't work when you're not building megafactories that
           | employ entire cities.
        
             | epanchin wrote:
             | Fast internet, communal office space, and a fast cheap
             | train to London is just as good as a factory. Build new
             | towns.
             | 
             | Get a grip of bat and heritage protections which slow
             | everything down by months or years.
        
               | nprateem wrote:
               | LOL. HS2
        
         | ImHereToVote wrote:
         | This is the true cost of the bank bailouts. This is the moral
         | hazard incarnate.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | Local councillors being against development is nothing to do
           | with bank bailouts, which have (mostly) been repaid by
           | selling off the banks again.
        
             | ImHereToVote wrote:
             | That isn't what I mean. The moral hazard is caused by the
             | bailouts. It isn't about the sum itself. Merely the
             | guarantee that the tab for large gambling losses will be
             | taken by the taxpayers.
        
               | rjsw wrote:
               | We should have shot a few bankers in 2008 to encourage
               | the others.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | How about one in 2024?
        
               | skywhopper wrote:
               | It's 2025.
        
               | pipes wrote:
               | Quite a broad term "bankers". Who does that include?
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | - not gambling, mortgages
               | 
               | - not in the end a loss (banks taken into government
               | ownership eventually sold for about the acquisition price
               | 
               | - bank shareholders lost their money
               | 
               | - you don't want to see everything turned into Northern
               | Rock bank runs
        
         | henryaj wrote:
         | Yup. From Sam Bowman's Foundations[0]:
         | 
         | > [The TCPA] moved Britain from a system where almost any
         | development was permitted anywhere, to one where development
         | was nearly always prohibited. Since [it] was introduced in
         | 1947, private housebuilding has never reached Victorian levels,
         | let alone the record progress achieved just before the Second
         | World War.
         | 
         | > Today, local authorities still have robust powers to reject
         | new developments, and little incentive to accept them.
         | Historically, local governments encouraged development because
         | their tax bases grew in line with the extra value created, but
         | this incentive has been eroded by successive reforms that have
         | centralised and capped local governments' tax-raising powers.
         | 
         | [0] https://ukfoundations.co/
        
         | itissid wrote:
         | I remember seeing tons of shipping containers repurposed as
         | offices all over london last year. Was that a way to ease/get-
         | around this real estate issue?
        
         | archsurface wrote:
         | An illustration of this which I happened to be looking at:
         | Average home sizes (sq ft, sq m):                 Australia
         | 2,303 214       New Zealand    2,174 202       United States
         | 2,164 201       Canada         1,948 181       UK
         | 818  76
         | 
         | Edit: formatting.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Apparently, the UK size is roughly what the average US house
           | size was _in 1790_ - though it really didn 't start to grow
           | much until the 1900s.
        
           | davisoneee wrote:
           | ...that's not really an illustration of that. When you
           | actually consider population and land size, the numbers don't
           | seem so strange.
           | 
           | Just looking at wikipedia population and area (and a very
           | simple scaling)                  % area housing = area_house
           | * population
           | 
           | So...                   aus 0.08%         nz 0.42%         us
           | 1.82%         can 0.08%         uk 2.14%
           | 
           | The UK has comparably _more_ of it's land covered with
           | housing than the other nations mentioned.
           | 
           | When you consider population density, UK >> US >> NZ > Canada
           | > Australia.
           | 
           | You would _expect_ countries with much more wide open space
           | to have bigger homes, and the other nations homes aren't so
           | big _when you consider their countries' size and population_.
        
             | daz0007 wrote:
             | it's not only the area of land but the material's used in
             | the housing, as well as when the housing where built.
             | 
             | The stagnation in other countries housing markets like the
             | us is interesting, I don't know the answer but have they
             | ever had social housing on the scale of the uk?
        
         | tormeh wrote:
         | This is a disease that has infected the entire West. It's just
         | become impossible to do anything that requires space. Even
         | industrial giants like Germany are now de-industrializing
         | because it's just too hard to get permits for building anything
         | new. Sure, labor costs, energy costs, environmental
         | regulations, etc. are all bothersome, but what really makes
         | German industry emigrate is how hard it is to get permission to
         | change anything. It's such a self-inflicted wound.
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | What statistic are you citing for your claim that "Germany is
           | now de-industrializing" ?
        
             | ren_engineer wrote:
             | their energy policy has essentially crippled their economy
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Do you have a metric, or not?
        
               | throwawayffffas wrote:
               | https://www.statista.com/statistics/624297/employment-by-
               | eco...
        
               | abm53 wrote:
               | I assume PaulDavidThe1st was asking for one which
               | actually supported the assertion.
        
               | 8338550bff96 wrote:
               | Do you have any sources that you would recommend? So far,
               | you're throwing out "got a source for that?" left and
               | right and when you get a source you've nothing to say.
               | 
               | Just curious if you have knowledge about this subject or
               | if you're just trying to block the conversation from
               | going in directions you don't like
        
             | loglog wrote:
             | Industrial production is in decline since 2018:
             | https://www.destatis.de/EN/Press/2025/01/PE25_008_421.html
        
         | pipes wrote:
         | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=O7PVEaPh6Fw&pp=ygUUYWRhbSBzbWl...
         | 
         | You might find that interesting. It's from the Adam smith
         | institute. Central planning has been seriously damaging the UK
         | since after ww2. Thatcher is blamed for destroying British
         | industry. It started long before her.
        
       | constantcrying wrote:
       | >Unlike lucrative software jobs, hardware engineering demands
       | physical presence.
       | 
       | Genuinely baffling. What is talking about? Most hardware jobs
       | involve sitting in front of Design and simulation software.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | Eventually the hardware comes back from the factory and
         | somebody has to do bringup. It doesn't need _constant_ in
         | office presence, but it does need to happen some days.
         | Sometimes you even need to go to the factory itself.
        
           | constantcrying wrote:
           | If you are doing CAE why would you ever _need_ to look at the
           | physical object?
        
       | necovek wrote:
       | As brought up through the thread, it sounds more plausible that
       | the hardware talent is most useful near the factories, and due to
       | globalisation and pay discrepancy, fewer factories are being
       | built in UK.
       | 
       | With compensation catching up in developing economies, it will
       | make less and less sense to move production outside a "wealthy"
       | country, and you'll see resurrection of domestic hardware
       | companies.
       | 
       | Right?
       | 
       | How far away are we from the tipping point is beyond me, though
       | (and there are always "cheaper" countries still, even if it's
       | mostly due to lacking legislation and environment protection
       | rules).
        
       | iancmceachern wrote:
       | I couldn't agree more:
       | 
       | "Your brain's worth billions. Build empires, not apps."
        
       | mertnesvat wrote:
       | > Sarah: Built a fusion reactor at 16. Now? Debugging fintech
       | payment systems.
       | 
       | It's striking to imagine a fully functional fusion reactor that
       | could benefit humanity, yet its creator now focuses on fintech
       | payment systems. This highlights the importance of a strong
       | middle class, which seems to be declining globally. A thriving
       | middle class, with disposable income and free time, creates the
       | conditions for innovation. Without it, even brilliant minds like
       | Einstein might spend their entire careers working on immediate
       | economic needs rather than pursuing breakthrough discoveries.
        
         | ImHereToVote wrote:
         | What you are saying is essentially true. I just don't want
         | people to come away with the notion that building a fusion
         | reactor and yielding net energy from said reactor is
         | equivalent. They are very very very far away from each other in
         | terms of complexity.
        
         | maginx wrote:
         | Probably what was built was a Fusor. There's tons of
         | instructions how to build one (https://fusor.net/board/) and
         | seemingly there's a lot of focus on how "young" the builders of
         | such are. Just google: fusion reactor teenager. In some of the
         | stories it become apparent the fusor was never actually even
         | finished but just along the way.
         | 
         | https://newsforkids.net/articles/2024/09/04/16-year-old-stud...
         | https://online.kidsdiscover.com/quickread/arkansas-teen-buil...
         | https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-rea...
         | ...
        
         | Chris2048 wrote:
         | Are these real examples?
         | 
         | I was curious, and all I could find it:
         | https://newsforkids.net/articles/2024/09/04/16-year-old-stud...
         | 
         | They are not working in Fintech AFAIK.
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | They seem believable to me, as a graduate of the same
           | university.
           | 
           | I have friends from Imperial College who now work at ESA, Los
           | Alamos, quantum computer research etc, but also others
           | working in banks, hedge funds or adtech.
           | 
           | Top of my computer science class is working at a hedge fund,
           | number two is working at a fintech startup.
           | 
           | It's on their website, even specifically for electrical
           | engineers (since that's the topic)
           | 
           | - 22% working in manufacturing
           | 
           | - 16% in IT
           | 
           | - 25% in finance
           | 
           | - 16% professional / scientific / technical
           | 
           | https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-
           | college/administra... via
           | https://www.imperial.ac.uk/careers/plan-your-
           | career/destinat...
        
             | Chris2048 wrote:
             | I work in finance too and see similar, but are _these_
             | examples real, or a remix of real examples.
        
       | rbanffy wrote:
       | While it's a shame so few hardware engineers have the opportunity
       | to build hardware, I wouldn't say they are being wasted. I am a
       | hardware engineer. I invented a couple hardware devices, but I
       | transitioned to software very early in my career and I don't
       | regret that. I don't feel my talents or education has been wasted
       | - my understanding of how a computer works down to the
       | transistors (planar CMOS, I'm from the 80's) is handy when I have
       | to predict how software will behave (and how it'll ultimately
       | break).
       | 
       | Engineers are, ultimately, problem solvers. Some problems are
       | hardware - electronics, mechanical, electrical, production, and
       | so on, but the space of problems we've been trained to solve is a
       | lot bigger than that - If you can see feedback loops, you have a
       | future in commodities, banking and finance. And, as we recently
       | learned the hard way, in politics as well. We are all trained to
       | identify sub-optimal solutions and to have an almost irresistible
       | itch to solve them.
       | 
       | One quote I love is that "scientists see the world as it is,
       | while engineers see the world as it could be".
        
       | wkat4242 wrote:
       | > Venture Capital: European VCs, mostly bullish on fintech and
       | SaaS, remain wary of hardware. Result? A feedback loop of
       | underinvestment and missed opportunities.
       | 
       | Um? We're pretty crap at SaaS too here in Europe.
       | 
       | The problem is just that venture capital is simply not really
       | around in Europe. Part of that is better labour protections, you
       | can't just start a firm and dump all your staff if it doesn't
       | work out. I think that's a good thing too.
       | 
       | And really hardware is a China thing these days. The "designed
       | in" is just a small part.
       | 
       | But Britain also has the Brexit problem. I'm glad I'm not
       | British.
        
       | pyb wrote:
       | On the other hand, HW engineers are very cheap to hire in the UK.
       | So, as a founder, you could look at this problem as an
       | opportunity.
       | 
       | I'm more concerned with the impact of Brexit, in terms of
       | attracting people, and also the issue of quickly shipping goods
       | to and from the EU.
        
       | pclmulqdq wrote:
       | As a former hardware engineer and a lover of all things hardware,
       | the only country that isn't currently wasting its hardware talent
       | is China. The rest of the world has been spoiled by the easy
       | money in software.
       | 
       | Only China has produced a stable flow of hardware startups, and
       | they have generally been very impressive.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | BBC reports they're being wasted in China as well.
         | 
         | https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce8nlpy2n1lo
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | BBC reports they're being wasted in China as well, with many
         | stem graduates failing to find jobs and working as drivers
         | instead.
         | 
         | https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce8nlpy2n1lo
        
       | mike1505 wrote:
       | YASA, Oxford: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31701133
        
       | Sparkyte wrote:
       | The same can be said almost anywhere. The big issue is that
       | businesses often offshore work to save on labor costs rather than
       | to improve the quality of their products.
       | 
       | This problem is significant, and here's why: consider yourself of
       | average intelligence. Now think about how many people are below
       | that level. Then consider those above your level of intelligence
       | and start dividing them further by demographics, age, profession,
       | interests, and so on. What you're left with is an alarming
       | realization--only about 0.1-0.2% of the global population may
       | truly excel in your skilled profession. Education helps, but it
       | doesn't define one's ability.
       | 
       | Unfortunately, this also means that many people end up in
       | professions they are not suited for, including CEOs who shouldn't
       | be in those roles. It's a sobering thought, and when you really
       | consider it, it's a bit crazy to think about.
       | 
       | Sometimes that talent pools in different part of the world too.
        
       | ibloomt wrote:
       | That's a really good article!
       | 
       | Do you want to know a bit more?
       | 
       | Ukraine hardware best talents -> 18k/year. Belarus best hardware
       | talents -> 6k/year Some part of Russia best hardware talents ->
       | 14k/year
       | 
       | Eastern Europe -> hardware talent is basically free
        
         | constantcrying wrote:
         | You can decent even further, look at what labor in India costs.
         | 
         | Companies are already taking advantage of that and are
         | outsourcing there.
        
       | epicureanideal wrote:
       | Talent everywhere is being wasted because we're all trapped
       | working for oligopolistic companies or the mediocre-talented
       | leadership of the rich and connected.
        
       | aussiegreenie wrote:
       | A better headline is the UK is being wasted.
       | 
       | It ignores its strengths and uses its weaknesses.
        
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