[HN Gopher] 'Once-in-a-century' discovery reveals luxury of Pompeii
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       'Once-in-a-century' discovery reveals luxury of Pompeii
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 154 points
       Date   : 2025-01-17 11:26 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.com)
        
       | noduerme wrote:
       | It's amazing what people built 2000 years ago, and sort of
       | depressing too. I went over to a friend's house recently who had
       | gotten a new outdoor hot tub. That thing isn't going to last 3
       | winters let alone a volcanic eruption.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | Wealthy Romans had a bit of a culture-boner for leaving a
         | lasting legacy, maintaining the dynasty, and that sort of
         | thing, and conversely often relied on ancestral clout to borrow
         | credibility from. I don't think anyone today would try to base
         | their credibility on being the distant relative of Ben Franklin
         | in the way an upstart roman might invoke their familiar
         | relationship with Scipio Africanus.
         | 
         | Makes sense they built stuff to last in such an environment.
        
           | beardyw wrote:
           | I think also they were very much more in touch with their own
           | mortality than is common today.
        
             | tejohnso wrote:
             | > In some accounts of the Roman triumph, a companion or
             | public slave would stand behind or near the triumphant
             | general during the procession and remind him from time to
             | time of his own mortality
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memento_mori
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Other thing would not be expected in a war driven society,
             | where being a legionary was quite common, and very few
             | managed to return back (alive) to civil life after doing
             | their part on the assigned legion.
        
           | ElevenLathe wrote:
           | It was also impossible to make things out of fiberglass, but
           | hand-carved stone was actually available.
        
             | marginalia_nu wrote:
             | So was non-permanent building materials such as wood, to be
             | fair.
        
               | toyg wrote:
               | Not really, that's the resource that disappeared faster
               | than anything, being the simplest to get. Mediterranean
               | forests have never been particularly dense, already the
               | Greeks were moving lots of wood on the sea from the best
               | locations. Stone was easier to get from the areas around
               | Rome.
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | Survivorship bias. The only artifacts we see are the ones
           | that were meant to last. Those Romans who did not build for
           | eternity have not been remembered, which distorts our view of
           | thier society. It is akin to classic car enthusiasts who
           | think cars were made better way back when. They think that
           | because they only see the survivors. They do not see all the
           | junk that history has rightly forgotten.
        
             | Anotheroneagain wrote:
             | The city was buried in two days, if anything we may not see
             | the most valuable possessions.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | Something like 90% of romans did not live in cities.
               | Survivorship bias again. We judge them buy the solid
               | cities, or lord's manor houses. We have lost the
               | mud/brick/wood farms where the vast majority lived.
        
         | YouWhy wrote:
         | > That thing isn't going to last 3 winters let alone a volcanic
         | eruption.
         | 
         | Could it have been a case of survivorship bias? I.e., perhaps
         | jankier facilities have been built at Pompeii but simply did
         | not make it at all or were not prioritized for excavation?
        
           | 4gotunameagain wrote:
           | People are downvoting you because it is simply due to the
           | different materials and building methodologies of the past.
           | 
           | Things took much longer to build and were much more
           | expensive, but they were very durable as an effect.
           | 
           | There were no plastic hot tubs in Pompeii that burned when
           | the pyroclastic flow swept past.
        
             | shawabawa3 wrote:
             | There were no plastic ones but there were very probably
             | some wooden ones, or other luxurious wooden items which
             | were destroyed without a trace and we'd never know
        
               | perihelions wrote:
               | I mean, they certainly knew how to make wooden water
               | containers: they wrote it down. This context is dye-
               | making rather than baths,
               | 
               | - _"...This water is boiled with an equal quantity of
               | pure water, and is then poured into large wooden
               | reservoirs_ [original:  "piscinas ligneas"]. _Across
               | these reservoirs there are a number of immovable beams,
               | to which cords are fastened, and then sunk into the water
               | beneath by means of stones; upon which, a slimy... "_
               | 
               | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/62704/pg62704-images
               | .ht... ( _" Chalcanthum, or shoemakers' black: sixteen
               | remedies"_ (77))
               | 
               | https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3At
               | ext...
        
             | therealpygon wrote:
             | "People" often fancy themselves to be smarter than they are
             | and capable of judging others wrong based on their limited
             | information and passing knowledge, as well as what they
             | have decided to be true rather than what is fact. Things
             | like "because things were made of stone, all things were
             | made of stone", or "because some things survived the tests
             | of time, all things were built better".
             | 
             | It is exactly the bias that was pointed out by the
             | commentor.
        
         | Aniket-N wrote:
         | Well, this bath house was owned by some one ultra wealthy.
         | There were multiple people (possibly slaves), just toiling away
         | to keep the furnace going.
         | 
         | Today a hot tub can be had by millions.
        
         | perihelions wrote:
         | Isn't it the exact opposite? Every single house in the modern
         | world has running water--it wouldn't be code-compliant, in any
         | functioning country, to not have that. That was a high-status
         | luxury in Rome. (It was even a largesse of the Emperor to be
         | gifted[0] the right to have a private plumbing connection to an
         | aqueduct--something considered highly desirable in that world).
         | 
         | The fact people today build inexpensive plastic Thermae as a
         | novelty object, reflects how thoroughly we've solved all the
         | *actually hard* problems of water infrastructure. The formerly
         | expensive parts are now unimaginably cheap, so, we're exploring
         | new places to cut costs that we previously wouldn't think of.
         | 
         | (It's akin to how computer keyboards are now 10x cheaper and
         | junkier than they were in the 1960's-1980's (?), because, the
         | other problems having been solved, that became a new focus of
         | economization. No one would think twice about paying (the
         | modern equivalent of) $100 for a well-engineered mechanical
         | keyboard, in an era when the corresponding PC went for $5,000.
         | The expensive object reflects an economic difficulty elsewhere;
         | and the expensive Roman stonework baths perhaps reflected the
         | costliness of water in general).
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_aqueduct#Distribution
        
           | mschild wrote:
           | I don't think they are lamenting the fact that these things
           | have reduced in price but rather significantly in quality as
           | well.
           | 
           | There is something to be said about price reductions, but at
           | some point the quality lowers to a point where it has become
           | a waste of resources as the product you bought will seize
           | working within a short time frame.
           | 
           | I've always made this unfortunate experience with shoes. With
           | good care, 100 Euro sneakers would last me about 2 years. A
           | pair of handcrafted leather shoes I bought 12 years ago are
           | still going strong. While the leather shoes were almost 4
           | times the price, they've paid for themselves at this point.
        
             | pdfernhout wrote:
             | Obligatory mention:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boots_theory "The Sam Vimes
             | "Boots" theory of socioeconomic unfairness, often called
             | simply the boots theory, is an economic theory that people
             | in poverty have to buy cheap and subpar products that need
             | to be replaced repeatedly, proving more expensive in the
             | long run than more expensive items. The term was coined by
             | English fantasy writer Sir Terry Pratchett in his 1993
             | Discworld novel Men at Arms. In the novel, Sam Vimes, the
             | captain of the Ankh-Morpork City Watch, illustrates the
             | concept with the example of boots. The theory has been
             | cited with regard to analyses of the prices of boots, fuel
             | prices, and economic conditions in the United Kingdom."
             | 
             | Tangentially related on the bigger picture:
             | https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/1280581-the-state-
             | of-t... "Money is a sign of poverty. (Iain M. Banks)"
        
           | EncomLab wrote:
           | My former house was built in 1927 - it had every modern
           | convenience and was 100% better constructed than the terrible
           | house we live in now that was built 2 years ago that was
           | thrown together in the cheapest ways possible but still cost
           | multiples of the inflation adjusted price of out former home
           | when new.
        
             | JoelMcCracken wrote:
             | I think this is the key.
             | 
             | As a generally smart person with disposable income, I am
             | unable to figure out how to find/purchase higher quality
             | products that are not optimized for obsolescence.
             | Increasingly it seems that _everything_ is as cheap as
             | possible: expensive products are not higher quality, but
             | are instead designed to appeal to the premium market
             | segment.
        
               | MarcelOlsz wrote:
               | Largely everything has been solved so instead of some
               | ultra expensive coffee maker just buy a Moka pot, and buy
               | old/used stuff. Every 'scene' alive has associated gear,
               | and of that gear, a small fraction is revered by the
               | ultra-nerds. Find the ultra-nerds and follow them. They
               | really don't like when their stuff breaks.
               | 
               | I've bought a ton of old stuff off eBay and similar sites
               | and antique stores especially with this mentality. I can
               | likely toss a grenade into my living room and most of my
               | stuff will survive. I know my WWII sonar recorder will
               | survive.
               | 
               | I bought a BMW 325is from 1988 and I've put well over
               | 150k miles on it since I bought it a few years ago.
               | Nothing leaks, nothing breaks, nothing squeaks, and it
               | still gets 7.5L/100KM. A 36 year old car I got for $7k.
               | One weekend, a Bentley manual, and youtube, and I was
               | able to fix up the throttle body, replace ball joints,
               | update my steering rack, and offset my wheels how I
               | wanted. (On the flip side if I get into a crash I am
               | insta-dead).
               | 
               | Like I wanted good outerwear but as you said, it's all
               | premium market segment stuff without the quality. So I
               | asked my friend who does bike-packing year round and
               | lives outside what he wears and he gave me an entire
               | notebook of gear, prices, longevity, and especially
               | weights. I've had that jacket for 16 years now.
               | 
               | Same with laptops. Cheap modern $500 laptop, or ancient
               | Thinkpad I can upgrade in an evening for $250, that will
               | last me 10x longer? Infinite examples of this.
        
               | Almondsetat wrote:
               | Why would you want a house to last so long? Are you
               | expecting your children and your grandchildren to keep
               | living there after you die?
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | A house that lasts long will stay well longer, you don't
               | want to live in a house that will fall apart next year.
        
               | JoelMcCracken wrote:
               | the reasons are myriad.
               | 
               | Because in a general way you can't say "I want X that
               | will work perfectly until time Y". Instead, Xs are made
               | my a process. That process can cost more or less: more
               | meaning better quality ingredients, higher quality
               | processing, tighter quality controls, whatever. This all
               | yields end results are on a spectrum of quality - a
               | likelihood that the item will last Y time within Z margin
               | of error.
               | 
               | As chain is only as good as its weakest link - many
               | systems will fail with a single broken element. And every
               | time one of those elements breaks, I have a new problem
               | with which to deal. Spend my precious free time figuring
               | out how to do it myself? Try finding someone who will fix
               | it for me, and hope they aren't going to just rip me off?
               | 
               | The example of a home lasting long is especially wild to
               | me. In the US at least, the home is one of the major
               | mechanisms of increasing wealth over lifetime and inter-
               | generational wealth. People frequently buy homes in order
               | to build equity. Having homes that only last a few
               | decades means that they are worth significantly less,
               | and/or require significant repairs and remodels after
               | relatively short time. I know that when I bought my home,
               | which was made circa 1920, I was really happy that, while
               | old, I could be fairly confident it wasn't about to fall
               | over.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | > In the US at least, the home is one of the major
               | mechanisms of increasing wealth over lifetime and inter-
               | generational wealth.
               | 
               | That's mostly because of land values, not building
               | values. And it's largely not a natural occurrence, but
               | it's due to NIMBYism and property tax regimes designed so
               | that young people will pay for all the services used by
               | retirees.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | Isn't this circular, since by definition non-retirees pay
               | for retirees...?
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | That's not by definition, although it is how social
               | security works.
               | 
               | Retirees have assets but not income (or they have low
               | income). Younger people are the other way round. So
               | depending on how governments use income taxes vs sales
               | taxes vs property taxes it changes who pays for things.
               | 
               | California is the worst about this because of Prop 13,
               | which basically means if you don't move then your
               | property tax is much lower than it should be and newer
               | residents pay for you.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | Who else would pay for retirees, if not the non-retirees?
               | 
               | Most of their assets are paper value, because they are
               | located in stocks, their only home (and they have to live
               | somewhere), etc... that if sold en masse would simply get
               | pennies on the dollar or require expenditures elsewhere.
        
               | johngladtj wrote:
               | The retirees would pay for their own retirement?
               | 
               | Is the concept of saving and then drawing down your
               | savings to pay you living expenses unknown to you?
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > In the US at least, the home is one of the major
               | mechanisms of increasing wealth over lifetime and inter-
               | generational wealth.
               | 
               | I just don't buy that. Most people who do that seem to
               | ignore the heavy costs of owning a house in the meantime:
               | taxes, repairs, maintenance, insurance, commissions,
               | upgrades, lawn care, pest control, utilities, alarm
               | systems, etc.
               | 
               | I've serially owned houses over the decades. Sometimes
               | I'll look at what I sold them for, when, and compare with
               | their current zillow value. The return on every one is
               | less than if I'd invested the money in the stock market,
               | and that's NOT counting all those major ongoing costs I
               | listed. It's just on the price.
        
               | araes wrote:
               | Had a very similar conversation with a plumber last
               | winter. Pipes exploded because of the cold and flooded
               | the basement. Plumber came over to fix the issue and we
               | talked about the tools while working.
               | 
               | Paraphrased statement was something like "The company
               | that makes these tools could make a high quality product
               | that was rust, corrosion, and abrasion resistant. Except
               | they don't. They make me a cheap wrench, that's planned
               | for obsolescence, and rusts after a few months on the
               | job. The company I work for could buy me a high quality
               | set of tools. Except they don't. They buy me whatever's
               | cheap and don't especially care that they have to buy it
               | again in a year. And then they expect me to go to your
               | house and care."
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | My dad told me that tools were expensive, and were
               | lucrative targets for theft. I inherited that mentality,
               | but over time I realized that tools had gotten rather
               | cheap. I buy tools from the pawn shop, they're cheap as
               | dirt. For example, I bought an electric chain saw for
               | $10. It works fine. A nice toolbox for $5. I can't see a
               | market for stolen tools these days.
        
               | xeonmc wrote:
               | Similar thing happens in Formula 1 with Pirelli making
               | intentionally fragile tyres.
               | 
               | #ExperienceAzerbaijan
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | New homes are a bit of unique version of the "built to
             | last" theme. Most of the individual components are some of
             | the best we've ever had, while some of them are the worst.
             | Modern windows are amazing. Modern insulation is amazing.
             | Insulation is so good, you need less of it in appliances so
             | you gain space inside fridges/ovens even though the unit
             | itself is the same physical size. If you built the house
             | out of something besides #2 pine, homes could be amazing.
             | On top of that, you have nail guns where the builder
             | doesn't even notice (or care) if the nail misses or not.
             | People just don't care about the attention to detail during
             | construction. It's not like they're building their own
             | home.
        
               | Gare wrote:
               | Sounds like a "shortage of (quality) labor" problem.
               | Industrial products are great, but craftsmanship is
               | lacking because almost nobody can afford it.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Services become expensive when the servicepeople have
               | better/more productive things to do, because you need to
               | pay them more to keep them in the industry.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumol_effect
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > Modern windows are amazing
               | 
               | The double pane ones, however, leak after a decade or so.
               | Then the interior of the window fogs up, and you're
               | looking at a major cost to replace them.
        
             | MarcelOlsz wrote:
             | Currently living in an 1800's converted church. It's
             | ridiculously well insulated and solid. It's -15 outside but
             | with a little fireplace, and $50 in oak slabwood per month,
             | I'm solid in the winter. The upstairs stays 22 and only
             | drops 2 degrees at night. Meanwhile my old condo had a 4
             | foot "cold front" in front of the floor to ceiling windows.
        
             | idunnoman1222 wrote:
             | I mean, the insulation of a modern house is clearly better
             | than your house stuffed with horse hair in the 20s, also
             | using 10 times the wood to build a house I suppose is
             | better...
        
             | thijson wrote:
             | I think what you are describing is what the central bank
             | calls hedonics. They substitute one good for another in the
             | basket of goods used to calculate inflation. Otherwise the
             | inflation figure would be much higher than it is. So
             | instead of solid 2x6 studs in the floor, we use engineered
             | struts. I visited Pompeii, I was amazed at how well
             | preserved all the marble was.
        
               | lukeschlather wrote:
               | Prior to the industrial revolution most people did not
               | live in stone palaces, and I doubt Pompeii was any
               | exception. The population of Pompeii was 10k-20k people
               | and they were probably supported by one or two orders of
               | magnitude more subsistence farmers living in homes that
               | mostly don't exist today.
        
             | astrange wrote:
             | If it has modern conveniences and is even vaguely up to
             | modern electrical code, that means someone renovated it at
             | one point.
             | 
             | All modern buildings are compliant with building codes and
             | there is very little room for creativity. If you don't like
             | the building then you don't like the code.
        
               | baq wrote:
               | You can build better than the code allows would be the
               | point. Code cares about minimum levels of safety, not
               | planned obsolescence or market segmentation. E.g. why not
               | build homes out of concrete instead of wood? Why not use
               | better roofing material than asphalt shingles? Etc.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | I'm pretty sure that labor is the most expensive part of
             | building a house.
        
         | infecto wrote:
         | You could still build a hot tub out of tile in such a way that
         | it will last for a very long time.
        
         | throw0101a wrote:
         | > _That thing isn 't going to last 3 winters let alone a
         | volcanic eruption._
         | 
         | He can have a hot tub that could survive a volcanic eruption,
         | he just has to to pay for it. Is your friend willing to
         | allocate the resources, or is he happy with 'good enough'?
        
         | matkoniecz wrote:
         | Ability to buy cheap stuff, accessible to regular people and
         | not ultra-wealthy is new.
         | 
         | You can still spend massive piles of money on long-lasting
         | stuff.
         | 
         | This hot tub cost was likely higher than lifetime earnings of
         | average citizen.
         | 
         | Also, its cost was likely greater than what would cost to buy
         | several slaves. And likely was in fact built by slaves.
         | 
         | Of all things I see nothing to be depressed about here given
         | our situation.
        
         | ASalazarMX wrote:
         | Nothing stops any modern person from building in this long-
         | lasting style if they want to; except for the incredible
         | expense, that is.
         | 
         | In your defense, I still think your friend could do better than
         | a three-year outdoor hot tub, but that was them being
         | unnecessarily cheap.
        
       | tumsfestival wrote:
       | Kind of depressing how some people two millennia ago had bigger
       | homes than most people alive today. Then again, if they were
       | alive today their homes would be 10x the size.
        
         | YouWhy wrote:
         | The home in question is thought to have belonged to the
         | wealthiest family around - which, for a society where economics
         | are generational and local, practically means super-rich.
         | 
         | In modern societies such super rich people flock to major
         | cities, but in pre-industrial societies relocating would leave
         | familial assets under-attended. Accordingly a well adjusted
         | wealthy person would arrange for an excellent standard of
         | living adjacently to their possessions
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | From what I understand it, affluent Romans typically moved
           | back and forth between countryside villas in the summer, and
           | a smaller residence in the city during the winter.
           | 
           | Also Roman economics were not really very local. The Romans
           | had a large road network and were very mobile and traded even
           | farther. You have for example Pelagius, a figure in church
           | history, who was born in Britain and died in Egypt.
        
         | chgs wrote:
         | The side of the planet 2000 years ago was the same as today.
         | The population today is a thousand times larger.
        
           | Smithalicious wrote:
           | Estimates for the world population 2000 years ago seem to be
           | some 150M-300M
        
         | matkoniecz wrote:
         | And in turn if you take random/average/low-income citizen and
         | compare their situation (like their home) with what equivalent
         | has now, their situation would be much better nowadays.
         | 
         | Even if you compare homes of ultrawealthy then and now I expect
         | that most would take homes of XXI century.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | There are plenty of smaller houses in Pompeii. Another thing to
         | consider is that the ash covered basically the first floor of
         | buildings, while the upper floors were either blown away by
         | blast or pillaged by later generations. So there could have
         | been one or two upper floors of accommodation for poorer people
         | no longer visible. Also possible there were lower quality
         | buildings on the town outskirts that haven't survived.
         | Archeology understandably focuses on the larger villas.
        
       | qq66 wrote:
       | "The bodies belonged to a woman, aged between 35 and 50, who was
       | clutching jewellery and coins"
       | 
       | Funny to see that some things never change. You're about to get
       | vaporized by a pyroclastic avalanche and your first thought is to
       | grab your bling.
        
         | mimentum wrote:
         | Probably were prayer beads or something. Still 'bling' I guess.
        
         | melling wrote:
         | No banking system. I imagine without any money in ancient
         | times, you could end up in trouble quickly.
        
           | worldsayshi wrote:
           | They must've had banks. I don't think you can have organised
           | society without some form of banks.
        
             | Terr_ wrote:
             | Local banks don't necessarily mean your balance would be
             | safe if the city were destroyed.
        
               | neuronic wrote:
               | Roman bank offering geo redundance is probably not what I
               | was thinking about this morning.
               | 
               | "italia-south-1 was hit by a volcano yesterday, we are
               | failing over to dalmatia-west-1 until issues are
               | resolved. There may be some latency with obtaining coins
               | today."
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | "Experts do not believe the sudden liquidity of local
               | currency will help this issue."
        
             | cjs_ac wrote:
             | There were money lenders ( _argentarii_ ) but they were
             | just individuals setting up stall in the local _forum_. If
             | you exhausted your credit with one _argentarius_ you just
             | went and found another who didn 't talk to the first.
        
               | Anotheroneagain wrote:
               | The Romans actually didn't think that killing people was
               | wrong per se, so maybe that wasn't the best strategy.
        
             | neuronic wrote:
             | Archaic banking existed since 4th-3rd millenium BCE. This
             | was surprising to me.
             | 
             | The modern form of banking is rooted in 14th century Italy
             | (Medici and so on) [1].
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank
        
             | ginko wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_in_ancient_Rome?usesk
             | i...
        
             | rsynnott wrote:
             | They had... bank-like things, but in general they'd have
             | been quite local; if your city is in the process of being
             | destroyed, the prospects of your bank are poor.
        
             | Anotheroneagain wrote:
             | Coins are an iron age invention. Bronze age civilizations
             | didn't know money.
        
               | 52-6F-62 wrote:
               | Rome wasn't a bronze age civilization.
               | 
               | Bronze age civilizations had money. Coins as we think of
               | them became widespread in the iron age. Shekels, for
               | instance, go back much further.
        
               | Anotheroneagain wrote:
               | I didn't say it was. It was meant to refute the claim
               | that you can't have an organized society without banking.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Romans produced so many coins that you can buy genuine
               | Roman coins relatively cheaply online. They are found
               | absolutely everywhere in the ancient port cities and Rome
               | itself, every construction project will unearth a ton of
               | lower denomination coins.
               | 
               | The Roman empire was thoroughly monetized.
        
               | Anotheroneagain wrote:
               | The bronze age wasn't. The way it worked seems to be that
               | there was a guy who knew what you wanted, knew what you
               | produced, and knew people who could produce what you
               | wanted, and he supplied you with it, and wanted what you
               | could produce in return. Acting as a sort of intermediary
               | between everybody else.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Well, neither was the Stone Age, but why are you even
               | talking about the Bronze Age under a link that discusses
               | Pompeii?
               | 
               | The relevant event took place in 79 AD, long after the
               | end of the Bronze Age in the Mediterranean.
        
               | Anotheroneagain wrote:
               | Because somebody claimed that you can't have organized
               | society without banking, while for a long part of history
               | there were organized societies without MONEY.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Well, yeah, now I understand.
               | 
               | You can definitely have organized society without
               | banking, but AFAIK there was no organized society without
               | some form of taxation, and few organized societies
               | without long-distance trade (only in isolated places).
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | Taxes can be assessed as a percentage of production and
               | collected as goods rather than collecting money amounting
               | to the value of those goods.
        
               | rsynnott wrote:
               | While, with the exception of China, Bronze Age
               | civilisations didn't have _coins_, they did sometimes
               | have some concept of money.
               | 
               | From the Code of Hammurabi (~1750BCE):
               | 
               | > If a man rents a boat of 60-[kur] capacity, he shall
               | give one-sixth [of a shekel] of silver per day as its
               | hire.
               | 
               | At this point, a shekel is a unit of weight, not a coin,
               | but is already being used as, effectively, money. Coins
               | were initially more a convenience thing than anything
               | else.
               | 
               | Primitive banking-type activity is also showing up in
               | this time period; institutions, mostly temples, taking
               | deposits and lending with interest. And really, for most
               | of the world (Ancient India did have some _slightly_ more
               | sophisticated bank-like behaviour), that's more or less
               | where it stayed til the 17th century or so.
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | It is hard to build a distributed banking system without
             | reliable accounting, and reliable accounting in Europe only
             | became possible with the import of Indian/Arabic positional
             | numeric system.
             | 
             | We underestimate just how much of a burden on arithmetics
             | the previous systems were. Too unwieldy.
             | 
             | On a similar note, I believe that for the same reason, the
             | Chinese language will never achieve mass adoption in the
             | rest of the world. The script is too complicated and
             | reaching effective literacy takes much longer than with
             | Latin characters.
        
               | mkehrt wrote:
               | Oh come on, no one was doing arithmetic in Roman
               | numerals. They were using abaci and writing down the
               | results.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | That is precisely the problem. Abacus sorta works, but
               | arithmetics is much more efficient for the same purpose,
               | and gives you ability to do calculations that can't be
               | done using an abacus.
               | 
               | It is a difference similar to the one between a horse and
               | a car.
        
               | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
               | Wouldn't using an abacus imply using a base-10 system
               | (i.e. not Roman numerals)? Or were there specific abaci
               | designed around the Roman system?
        
               | mkehrt wrote:
               | Wikipedia says it was base 10:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_abacus
        
               | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
               | That's interesting that it implies that they had concepts
               | of zero and place-value number systems. I can imagine
               | Romans complaining about people sticking with the Roman
               | number system as they converted numbers to and from their
               | abacus.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Looking at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_numerals
               | that abacus makes lot more sense. It was not base 10
               | system, but bi-quinary (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-
               | quinary_coded_decimal). For larger numbers very messy
               | number, but one must think of how V is 5, L 50 and D 500.
               | 
               | So they did not really have place value system. Or at
               | least logical leap from abacus to place value. Instead
               | they had 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and summed or
               | deducted these. Sometimes in stylistic ways.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | But not certificates of credit. So you could store money,
             | but you could not deposit it and then get fungible currency
             | from other bank.
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | There was some sort of financial system. Evidence for this
             | is a large lead "whiteboard" in the museum in Rome that
             | records a bunch of mortgages.
        
         | chgs wrote:
         | People who have a grab bag will have some cash in it today.
        
           | araes wrote:
           | Something to acknowledge. Slightly wanted to mock because of
           | how predictable it is that they're holding money while they
           | died. And that the priority seemed like it was the coins and
           | jewelry.
           | 
           | However, even in the modern era, somebody with a "bug out
           | bag" or a "Wake Up, Stuffs Happening (WUSH) bag" still
           | includes "cash" as one of the main includes in the top
           | priorities [1]
           | 
           | [1] Basic 72-Hour Bug Out Bag List,
           | https://www.bugoutbagbuilder.com/learning-tutorials/bug-
           | out-...
        
         | worldsayshi wrote:
         | Perhaps they were in the process of evacuating and they wanted
         | to gather their valuables to protect from looters?
        
         | andrelaszlo wrote:
         | "The woman was still alive while he was dying"
         | 
         | If I ever die, I hope it's after I'm long gone...
        
         | INTPenis wrote:
         | I'm convinced that most of the victims found are part of the
         | working/slave class. So I can't help but fantasize that they
         | had gone through their already evacuated owner's possessions
         | thinking the world was ending, they died clutching whatever
         | they could grab.
        
         | morkalork wrote:
         | When you said something about things never changing, I thought
         | you were going with the part where they think she (30s) could
         | be the rich man's (50s) wife.
        
       | dzonga wrote:
       | also shows - how on a basic comparison some rich people back then
       | lived way better than some poor folks do today in terms of
       | assets. though in terms of relative access to goods poor folks
       | today are better off.
        
         | bmicraft wrote:
         | > though in terms of relative access to goods poor folks today
         | are better off.
         | 
         | What's that meant to imply? The people starving today certainly
         | aren't better off than those wealthy Romans were. Not in any
         | way other then a theoretical "if they stopped being poor"
         | sense.
        
       | Oarch wrote:
       | What always jars me the most is how modern ancient Roman taps and
       | valves look.
        
         | kibwen wrote:
         | Alternatively, you can consider how ancient our modern taps and
         | valves look, and not in a bad way. Sometimes engineering
         | problems get solved once and don't have a pressing need to be
         | revisited.
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | Exactly. You can see this in all sorts of things. Sure an
           | clean sheet design of a adjustable wrench or semi trailer
           | coupling generic roller chain or whatever other 100yo item
           | might net a few % improvement in some areas by no longer
           | having to design to the manufacturing tech and material costs
           | of 100 years ago but often times the ecosystem that
           | standardization enables is worth more than a couple percent
           | of improvement somewhere.
        
         | araes wrote:
         | Came here to post almost the same. Always have this impression
         | from modern media that Roman civilization was thatch roofs and
         | aqueducts with maybe a hole in the wall that poured water out
         | or a well you went to the local square.
         | 
         | May have been that way for the poor, or the less status
         | enabled, like many commenters have noticed. Yet it's still a
         | dissonance that such high quality piping, boiler rooms,
         | insulated engineered waterworks, and other similar ideas were
         | available. Even if in limited quantities.
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | Quick note for anyone who hasn't visited, and has an interest in
       | western civilization: Pompeii, and the somewhat more impressive
       | nearby Herculaneum are well worth visiting at least once. It's
       | really not possible to have the experience remotely from pictures
       | or videos, not the same as being physically immersed. Best to
       | avoid the high summer due to heat and load, but go then if you
       | have no alternative. Herculaneum in particular is never that busy
       | because harder to get to and less publicity.
        
       | dottjt wrote:
       | I don't know if this is a silly train of thought, but won't
       | Pompeii just get buried again in the future? Is it a waste of
       | time to try and unbury it?
        
         | Trasmatta wrote:
         | All of humanity will die eventually, and all of its
         | accomplishments will be buried, so why do anything?
        
         | axus wrote:
         | The information (history/discoveries) can be distributed
         | throughout the world and not dependent on one place anymore.
         | Past that, we'll have to leave the planet.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2025-01-19 23:01 UTC)