[HN Gopher] French modernists were alarmed, inspired by newspape...
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       French modernists were alarmed, inspired by newspaper's voracious
       dynamism
        
       Author : crescit_eundo
       Score  : 140 points
       Date   : 2025-01-17 16:21 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (aeon.co)
 (TXT) w3m dump (aeon.co)
        
       | scandox wrote:
       | Interesting article but unfortunately, as is often the case with
       | serious literary folk talking about technology, I find his
       | concluding observations (hopes) about augmented books completely
       | unconvincing as well as vague.
       | 
       | >> The prospect of paper-based augmented books also holds out the
       | possibility of revolutionary combinations of text, image and
       | sound that would recast the boundaries of literary art.
       | 
       | Sounds like a solution in search of a problem, or worse - the
       | sort of kidutainment geegaws you find in modern libraries.
        
         | cf100clunk wrote:
         | > ''sort of kidutainment geegaws''
         | 
         | Or rather as special case learning tools that would gather
         | dust, I suspect.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | >The prospect of paper-based augmented books also holds out the
         | possibility of revolutionary combinations of text, image and
         | sound that would recast the boundaries of literary art.
         | 
         | So TikTok with subtitles (which are often not actually
         | reflecting the sound)
        
         | mmooss wrote:
         | > as is often the case with serious literary folk talking about
         | technology
         | 
         | You should also see technology folk talking about serious
         | literary folk - it's equally misconstrued and off track.
        
           | theendisney wrote:
           | They can both be wrong
        
       | aredox wrote:
       | >In the 1860s, Charles Baudelaire bemoaned what we might now call
       | doomscrolling: [...] The poet's revulsion was widely shared in
       | 19th-century France. Amid rapid increases in circulation,
       | newspapers were depicted as a virus or narcotic responsible for
       | collective neurosis, overexcitement and lowered productivity.
       | 
       | On one hand, one could think "oh, the current social network
       | bashing is just the same doom and gloom reaction to more
       | communication, it will pass".
       | 
       | On the other hand, if you know well the period, the newspapers of
       | the time - which were closer to the tabloids of today, but worse
       | - did a lot to stir hatred of foreigners, of Jews, of Poor, and
       | contributed massively in causing wars, colonialism and pogroms.
       | 
       | Emile Zola published "J'accuse !" in a newspaper, but it was
       | newspapers who stirred rabid antisemitism everywhere.
        
         | dbtc wrote:
         | They had opium, we have fentanyl.
         | 
         | It's not all bad but it's more potent now by far.
        
           | inciampati wrote:
           | Poetry with a heavy dose of truth.
        
           | jazzyjackson wrote:
           | I haven't been able to back this up and I'm afraid I'm making
           | trumpesque accusations, but Chinese manufactured fentanyl
           | always seemed to rhyme too well with the flood of American
           | opium back in the day (second only to the English, not for
           | lack of trying)
           | 
           | I would suspect Chinese kingpins wouldn't be operating
           | without the Party's blessing, but everyone seems too shy to
           | point fingers, easier to blame the addict. Still, someone's
           | getting rich off it, now as then.
           | 
           |  _Long before the Sacklers appeared on the scene, families
           | like the Astors, the Peabodys, and the Delanos cemented their
           | upper-crust status through the global trade in opium._
           | 
           | https://www.thenation.com/article/society/american-old-
           | money...
        
             | portaouflop wrote:
             | If you look past ideology this is the key:
             | 
             | > someone's getting rich off it, now as then
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | I still can't get over the fact that there were Dreyfusard and
         | anti-Dreyfusard _bicycle racing newspapers._
         | 
         | https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_V%C3%A9lo
         | 
         | https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L'Auto
         | 
         | The anti-Dreyfusards won, put the Dreyfusards out of business
         | by starting the Tour de France, and eventually went on to
         | support Vichy.
         | 
         | edit: https://blog.nli.org.il/en/tour_de_france/
        
         | TeMPOraL wrote:
         | And on the grasping hand, one could think _they were right_ -
         | so instead of defending social media by pointing at the past
         | and saying it 's "just the same doom and gloom reaction to more
         | communication, it will pass", or - conversely - instead of
         | claiming social media is a new and uniquely bad thing, we could
         | perhaps consider that their observations were valid then, and
         | are _even more valid now_ ; that we've been going down the
         | wrong road for the past 100+ years, and social media is merely
         | an incremental worsening of a mistake made so long ago, we
         | can't even conceptualize correcting it now.
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | But it wasn't continuously bad, or at least that's the
           | impression I get. Yellow journalism reached it's heyday in
           | the 1890's but started turning things around towards
           | respectability in the 1900's.
        
             | amanaplanacanal wrote:
             | And then returned in the 1990's with the 24 hour news
             | networks.
        
               | conception wrote:
               | More the removal of the fairness doctrine.
        
               | maroonblazer wrote:
               | I don't think this gets mentioned enough. Rush Limbaugh
               | was the result of the doctrine's abolition. You can draw
               | a straight line from Limbaugh to Fox News, et al.
        
               | Nasrudith wrote:
               | Even if it was left in place it would have become
               | increasingly a joke as non-broadcast news grew in the
               | form of cable rollouts and the internet.
        
           | moritzwarhier wrote:
           | But how exactly would you define the "mistake made so long
           | ago"?
           | 
           | Is it the free circulation of newspapers?
           | 
           | Would you prefer to ban journalism or restrict the exchange
           | of information, and what would that imply for the internet?
           | 
           | If you ask me, it seems like the incentive "money" might be a
           | problem. Maybe _commercial_ journalism and social media are
           | the main issue? Which is closely related to the concept of
           | media as entertainment.
           | 
           | Not a new idea either, and a boring reply without a real
           | answer, I know.
           | 
           | Allowing only state-sponsored journalism would not be any
           | better, right?
           | 
           | Public broadcasting (as independent from the government as
           | possible) is nice, but doesn't solve the issues discussed
           | here.
           | 
           | It seems like a reasonable and common view that being
           | dependent on other's money hurts freedom of thought and
           | expression, which is a basic requirement for free press.
           | 
           | So commercial media always was the default, but being
           | dependent on commercial success and the favor of the public
           | always hurt the mission we ascribe to a free press.
           | 
           | Same goes for the requirement to entertain the readership -
           | it cannot be disregarded, no matter how sophisticated the
           | media we consume might be, it needs to capture our attention
           | in some way. This differntiates writing from data.
           | 
           | So my long answer kind of confirms your observation that "we
           | can't even conceptualize correcting it now". I'm not sure if
           | it's impossible though.
           | 
           | I'd be curious what your own ideas are about how to "fix the
           | mistake". It seems like a political question for sure though.
        
             | miohtama wrote:
             | We have examples on all sides.
             | 
             | China has only strong state sponsored journalism and strict
             | censorship. Outside the Chinese government official, I have
             | not yet met a person who thinks the model is working.
             | 
             | Also we have historical examples in the West. East German
             | etc. Czechoslovakia was squashed by 500,000 Warsaw Pact
             | troops because they liberalised newspaper.
        
               | moritzwarhier wrote:
               | Yes I was thinking about mentioning China, but I have not
               | experienced this kind of blatant censorship and control
               | myself. Hoping ofc to keep it that way.
               | 
               | But at the same time, social media brain rot is
               | definitely real, and its hurtful effects on public
               | discourse.
               | 
               | The comparison to early press is warranted to open up
               | this topic and really take a look at reality. Banning
               | specific platforms seems like symbolism at best, but
               | paper press was not personalized in such a fine-grained
               | way, although the bubble phenomenon is not strictly
               | limited to the web.
               | 
               | And no paper journal ever had access to so much personal
               | data of their readers.
               | 
               | I think many debates about this boil down to the question
               | whether we want to merge private and public discourse.
               | 
               | Coincidentally, this is not just a property of social
               | media but also of totalitarianism.
        
           | brookst wrote:
           | But at some point if you're saying hundreds of years of human
           | history are "the wrong road", isn't it like saying gravity is
           | the wrong road? Even if true, what does it matter? I don't
           | believe prescriptive changes to human nature have ever
           | worked.
        
             | gedy wrote:
             | You are correct imho, but bear in mind there is a large
             | minority of people who believe in people as "blank slates"
             | that are only formed and influenced by environment. I think
             | it's Quixotic to fix people that way but many would
             | disagree.
        
             | pigeons wrote:
             | A mere hundreds of years of human history have a lot less
             | "gravity" than gravity.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | > the newspapers of the time - which were closer to the
         | tabloids of today, but worse - did a lot to stir hatred of
         | foreigners, of Jews, of Poor, and contributed massively in
         | causing wars
         | 
         | Sure, but this is just as true of the earliest printed works in
         | the 16th and 17th centuries. So this really is a fallacious
         | argument unless you also think that we should be dispensing
         | with freedom of the press in general.
        
           | theendisney wrote:
           | Seems a great idea. The trash on social media is some how
           | less trashy than the papers. We should ban it for one or more
           | years then give them their freedom back conditionally, under
           | supervision. We should elect the supervisors.
        
         | gunian wrote:
         | Any idea where I could get my hands on such records? Lately my
         | voracious reading appetite has been encouraging me to seek out
         | first hand accounts
        
         | plastic-enjoyer wrote:
         | >oh, the current social network bashing is just the same doom
         | and gloom reaction to more communication, it will pass
         | 
         | One might ask if it wasn't just down hill from the tabloids to
         | social media in our current time. I tend to think that the
         | development from tabloids to radio, television and social media
         | is actually a consistent and logical development. The aim has
         | always been to generate as many readers / listeners / viewers
         | and engagement as possible, and the possibilities have become
         | increasingly effective and efficient thanks to digital
         | information processing. However, the side effects that each new
         | medium introduces are becoming more extreme.
        
         | jncfhnb wrote:
         | I'm totally fine saying newspapers, conceptually, are just net
         | negative.
         | 
         | They are a tool that can be used for good or evil but largely
         | inevitably end up in the hands of selfish commercial or
         | political interests.
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | > On one hand, one could think "oh, the current social network
         | bashing is just the same doom and gloom reaction to more
         | communication, it will pass".
         | 
         | I never understood this argument.
         | 
         | It's obvious that the pace and scale of "progress" increased
         | dramatically, making things much harder to contain/study and
         | making them much more potent to a much larger group of people
         | 
         | Were was he proved wrong that tabloids made people more stupid?
         | Humans are very adaptable, the fact that we're still here
         | doesn't invalidate his opinion.
         | 
         | The logical progress from these things gave us 24/7 opinion
         | news channels and they definitely make people stupid, much more
         | than paper news.
         | 
         | Finally even if he was wrong, there is no logical way to use it
         | to prove that a tiktok ban is wrong, someone being wrong about
         | something vaguely related in the past doesn't automatically
         | make every future vaguely related opinions wrong for eternity
        
       | yapyap wrote:
       | They weren't wrong, the people controlling the media, whether
       | that be the owner of the newscompany or the owner of the
       | algorithm that influences what newscompany gets recommended
       | prefers it when the reader gets recommended criticism of others
       | based on race or other indignificant things instead of riches,
       | cause they are the people with riches.
       | 
       | It's not a coincidence.
        
         | kridsdale3 wrote:
         | There's a reason Hearst was rich enough to build a castle.
        
       | MichaelZuo wrote:
       | This seems like a tautology.
       | 
       | Of course if you set the baseline expectation at Baudelaire's or
       | Balzac's writings then it's true that newspapers heralded an age
       | of barely sentient readers consuming nonsense written by moronic
       | and corrupt journalists.
       | 
       | Because the vast majority of the population, including those
       | working for newspapers, are dumber and less virtuous relative to
       | the 99.9th percentile of notable writers... by definition.
       | 
       | Edit: The real question is why would anyone set their
       | expectations so high?
        
         | theendisney wrote:
         | If you want to solve a problem pretend it is your fault.
        
           | Nasrudith wrote:
           | I tried pretending aging was all my fault and it didn't do a
           | goddamn thing.
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | > The internet and its associated gadgets stir reactions
       | remarkably like those once directed at the press. In some
       | quarters, futurist technophilia; more commonly, alarm at the
       | social, political and cultural impact of these innovations,
       | combined with neurotic dependence upon them.
       | 
       | Note that the article is _not_ taking the simplistic position
       | that, because 19th century French writers decried the emergence
       | of the newspaper, and 21st century contemporary thinkers decry
       | the dominance of social media, that the latter should be
       | dismissed. It 's more nuanced than that, and it's really mostly
       | an accounting of how those Modernists thought about newspapers,
       | with a little bit of "let's consider a modern example..." at the
       | end.
       | 
       | One thing I'd like to point out, though, is that very common
       | argument by which one waves away concerns about social media
       | today because, in the past, Socrates said reading is bad, and
       | Mallarme said newspapers are bad, is really a canard for two
       | reasons.
       | 
       | First, because the social media is not reading, or newspapers,
       | it's a different thing altogether, and in any case what happened
       | in the past does not strictly determine a new case in the present
       | or the future.
       | 
       | Second, because I'm fairly certain Mallarme and Proust and
       | Baudelaire would probably look at the world newspapers created,
       | and say "I was right about newspapers all along". It did create
       | yellow journalism, it did create tabloids, it did redefine truth,
       | and recalibrate leisure, and it did create doomscrolling, and
       | make people think in different--and not necessarily better--ways.
       | Technology changes the world, and people adapt to it. After the
       | fact of that change, the world normalizes, and new generations
       | can't conceive of any prior alternative way of being. But, that
       | does not mean the change was an improvement.
       | 
       | As a consequence, it may be categorically incorrect for us to
       | even try to evaluate these historical positions from our modern
       | perch. Maybe _all_ we can do is listen to what people living
       | through that change said, and take it as read, pun intended.
        
         | pembrook wrote:
         | To me this comment reads like a lot of bending over backwards
         | to try to the justify a gut feeling of "yea but for sure this
         | time is different right??"
         | 
         | Tech elites on HN worrying about the moral fortitude of the
         | unwashed masses in the face of the technological changes they
         | themselves have brought about...it's all a bit too "self-
         | important loathing" imo.
         | 
         | Everything's fine and going to be fine.
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | Everything's not fine, hasn't been fine for at least a
           | decade, and it's not at all certain that everything is going
           | to be fine.
        
             | mvdtnz wrote:
             | Everything has never and will never be completely fine.
             | Things are better today than ever and continue to improve.
             | Get offline and look around the real world for a while.
        
               | karaterobot wrote:
               | Things are certainly better overall, but that improvement
               | is not universal, and not evenly distributed. Clearly.
               | Otherwise, we would simply say "everything is as good as
               | it can practically be," which is something few people are
               | doing. One of the ways in which the world is imperfect is
               | that our media--and our relationship to that media--could
               | be better. Anything in that to disagree with?
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | By most metrics, things were better about a decade ago.
               | We're on a downward trajectory now. Except by GDP.
        
               | reissbaker wrote:
               | What metrics do you think were better in 2015?
        
               | mvdtnz wrote:
               | What metrics? Do you think the millions of people lifted
               | out of extreme poverty in the last decade would agree?
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | Didn't I say "except by GDP?" Extreme poverty is decided
               | based on GDP.
        
               | mvdtnz wrote:
               | No extreme poverty is not decided based on GDP[0]. So
               | which metrics?
               | 
               | 0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_poverty
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | > In 2018, extreme poverty mainly refers to an income
               | below the international poverty line of $1.90 per day (in
               | 2011 prices, $2.57 in 2023 dollars),[2] set by the World
               | Bank.
               | 
               | I'm ending this discussion now.
        
               | tolerance wrote:
               | What real world?
        
         | ChoHag wrote:
         | > First, because the social media is not reading, or
         | newspapers, it's a different thing altogether
         | 
         | Are you suggesting that historical books and newspapers were
         | _not_ pandering to populist whims? Of course they did. Is the
         | difference the precision of the targeting? That sounds like a
         | difference of degree not of substance.
         | 
         | > It did create yellow journalism, it did create tabloids, it
         | did redefine truth, and recalibrate leisure, and it did create
         | doomscrolling, and make people think in different--and not
         | necessarily better--ways.
         | 
         | It also created the article we just read and this web site to
         | find it on.
         | 
         | > Maybe all we can do is listen to what people living through
         | that change said
         | 
         | Those that fail to learn from history are doomed to repeat it.
        
       | tptacek wrote:
       | They were right to be alarmed, weren't they? (As an analytical
       | statement, not a prescriptive one.)
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | Recommended reading: "The Banquet Years" by Roger Shattuck (1955)
        
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