[HN Gopher] Blue Origin reaches orbit on first flight of its tit...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Blue Origin reaches orbit on first flight of its titanic New Glenn
       rocket
        
       Author : johnneville
       Score  : 345 points
       Date   : 2025-01-16 08:17 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | huhtenberg wrote:
       | Webcast of the launch @ T-20 seconds -
       | https://youtu.be/KXysNxbGdCg?t=6859
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | Everything nowadays comes packaged with excessive emote track.
         | 
         | People in the internet don't enjoy rocket launch with roaring
         | sounds unless there is laugh track over it that validates that
         | the launch is awesome and simulates social connection.
        
           | huhtenberg wrote:
           | You don't say. SpaceX used to have "technical" launch streams
           | with just launch status updates, but even they no longer do
           | that :-/
        
             | sandworm101 wrote:
             | Didnt they get caught when a launch went badly but their
             | narrator keep reading from the script, reporting events
             | that clearly were not happening? I would watch a technical
             | stream, but i can read a canned script myself.
        
               | synarchefriend wrote:
               | No, that never happened.
        
               | imglorp wrote:
               | There was an F9 loss early in the program where the
               | presenter was overcome by emotion. I would love to find
               | an archive of all the launches including that one.
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | I distinctly recall that occurring. The event was 28
               | January 1986, and whilst I didn't watch it live, I did
               | catch it within a few hours.
               | 
               | Though that wasn't a SpaceX launch.
               | 
               | <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_d
               | isas...>
               | 
               | The launch broadcast narration continued for several
               | seconds following the vehicle explosion reporting either
               | telemetry or programmed flight path information before
               | breaking script with the infamous announcement "There's
               | obviously been a major malfunction". Various reports I've
               | seen are that the previous commentary was based on
               | telemetry rather than watching video.
        
               | cybrox wrote:
               | Unintentional remedy: with Starlink now giving them HD
               | video coverage for the whole flight, I doubt they would
               | be able to do this convincingly anymore. (Assuming they
               | ever did. I do not know about any such launch)
        
           | fransje26 wrote:
           | Is there a footage without the hysterical screeching?
        
           | sfjailbird wrote:
           | Worst part of any SpaceX live stream.
        
           | boringg wrote:
           | Yeah that excessive cheering and laughing really diminished
           | it for me. Everything apparently needs an added hype
           | team/track. What a world we live in.
        
             | Mountain_Skies wrote:
             | Most news stories on tv are presented as being "Breaking
             | News!" It's absolutely bonkers some of the things they'll
             | push that way.
        
             | thebigman433 wrote:
             | Its a feed of the Blue Origin staff, who have been working
             | towards this for years and years - makes sense that they
             | would be pretty excited considering the level of success
             | this was.
             | 
             | You dont have to consider everything you dont like to be a
             | negative on the world
        
               | StefanBatory wrote:
               | "I'm unhappy, so I'll force everyone else to be unhappy
               | too" :/
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | Those are the real emotions of the people at Blue Origin
           | watching the launch. They've been working toward this moment
           | for _24 years_. Should they censor themselves because their
           | "excessive" emotions offend you? Or maybe they should hire
           | newscasters to do an disinterested presentation up to your
           | standards, instead of employees who actually worked on it?
        
             | jakubmazanec wrote:
             | But you hear no crying or shouting during e.g. Moon landing
             | [1]. TBH I expect "disinterested" behavior from
             | professionals in such situations.
             | 
             | [1] https://youtu.be/xc1SzgGhMKc
        
               | modeless wrote:
               | That's not a video of live broadcast TV coverage. It's a
               | recording of the operational communcations (which you
               | could hear in the BO livestream and it didn't have crying
               | or shouting). Actual TV broadcasts at the time did show
               | some actual emotions including laughter and possibly even
               | tears, despite being from professional newscasters rather
               | than employees:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oMF58ZP681A
        
           | snakeyjake wrote:
           | >Everything nowadays comes packaged with excessive emote
           | track.
           | 
           | You may have never done anything that warrants an emotional
           | response.
           | 
           | Some of us have.
           | 
           | We enjoy seeing others express the joy we ourselves have felt
           | at the end of a long, winding, process.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | SpaceX started it. NASA launches before it didn't have any of
           | it.
        
             | stackedinserter wrote:
             | All of them can't shut up and just let us watch the launch
             | without listening to their bs like "...aand lift off for
             | Orion space mission off Cape Canaveral which is a huge leap
             | for humanity"
        
         | bluenose69 wrote:
         | As has been noted by others, the emoting is a distraction. I
         | could only watch this for a few seconds.
         | 
         | Another thing: why are they reporting speed in miles per hour,
         | and altitude in feet? Surely anybody interested in space is
         | familiar with SI units.
        
           | Tankenstein wrote:
           | Just a guess, but aerospace generally works with feet for
           | altitude and knots/mph for airspeed, internationally. I'm
           | doing a PPL in Europe and we, like everybody, use feet and
           | knots/mph. I believe this is because the US have been on the
           | forefront of aerospace regulation (a set of rules called the
           | chicago convention is the basis of all air law) and aircraft
           | manufacturing.
        
             | throw5959 wrote:
             | Can confirm, all aviation worldwide deals in feet and
             | knots. It's also because it's much easier to do
             | calculations on the fly (literally) - in your head. Metric
             | is precise and logical but harder to use in stressful
             | situations.
        
               | curl-up wrote:
               | Can you please give some real-world example of why it's
               | easier to do calculations? Not disputing what you say,
               | just hard for me to imagine why it would be so.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | 1 knot is about 100 ft/min which is very convenient for
               | descent at a specific glide slope (i.e. for 100 knots
               | ground speed at 5% slope you want 500 ft/min descent
               | rate). Standard is 3deg which is about 5%.
               | 
               | Knots are also handy for navigation as 1 nautical mile
               | equals 1 minute of latitude. And of course a knot is 1
               | nautical mile per hour. So if you're doing 300 knots,
               | that's 5 degrees of latitude per hour.
               | 
               | The units fit together nicely as a system.
        
               | Dalewyn wrote:
               | This sums it up. Metric is nice and clean tenths, but the
               | real world is seldomly easily expressed in clean tenths.
               | 
               | Another example: The feet is cleanly divisible in thirds,
               | quarters, and twelfths, which is greatly appreciated in
               | industry and particularly construction.
               | 
               | Also to be bluntly mundane, almost everyone can just look
               | down and have a rough measure of a foot which is good
               | enough for daily use.
               | 
               | Also, the "sterility" of metric doesn't do it any
               | sentimental favours. Japan loves measuring size/volume in
               | Tokyo Domes, for example.
        
               | NotEvil wrote:
               | Not really, I have no idea what a foot is. But I can just
               | look at yhe tiles and know they are 1*1 meter
        
               | Dalewyn wrote:
               | If you're an amputee I truly am sorry for you and hope
               | the handicap hasn't disrupted your life too much.
               | 
               | Jokes(...?) aside though, your absolute deference to
               | precision is an example of why metric flies over people's
               | heads. Feets, Tokyo Domes, arguably even nautical miles
               | and so on are _relatable_ at a human level unlike metric
               | which is _too_ nice and clean.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | This sort of argument is odd to someone in a country
               | which uses both, where a yard is intuitively "a bit
               | smaller than a metre", a pint corresponds to a pint glass
               | or "about half a litre" rather than anything meaningful
               | and I'm aware that a rod and a furlong are things but
               | have absolutely no idea what they correspond to. A foot
               | is comfortably bigger than the average foot size, and an
               | inch really isn't an easier unit to approximate than a
               | centimeter
        
               | avmich wrote:
               | The SI was specially aimed to reduce such meaningless
               | discussions, yet we steel have big endians and little
               | endians comparisons, long after the dust settled.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | Now I'm wondering if right-to-left languages (e.g.
               | funnily enough, Arabic) write the least significant
               | digits at the left or the right.
               | 
               | EDIT: numbers in those languages are the same way as in
               | English, the "ones" are at the right. Kinda strange!
        
               | Thlom wrote:
               | One meter is about one long step for an adult. To
               | approximate the length of a field, you just walk along it
               | with big steps and count. It will not be correct, but
               | pretty close. A cm is a little bit smaller than the width
               | of your index finger. It's all bout what you are used to.
               | Metric doesn't "fly over people's head" where metric is
               | the standard way to measure things, but inches, feet,
               | gallons, pounds, miles fly over our head because we are
               | not used to it so don't have any frame of reference.
        
               | throw5959 wrote:
               | Who cares? It's what the indicator says, I don't need to
               | visualize feet to do calculations and talk to the tower
               | about them.
               | 
               | If you can see a 1x1m tile from the cockpit, you're dead.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | A foot is about 1 sheet of metric A4 paper :)
        
               | avmich wrote:
               | A meter is _exactly_ square root of area of A0 paper.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | Yes and a blank 80 gsm A4 sheet weighs exactly 5g, if you
               | need a weight reference!
        
               | jaggederest wrote:
               | I suspect that the math is even easier using meters,
               | meters, and meters per second than nautical miles, feet,
               | and knots. I'll eat my hat if you can tell me the
               | conversion from feet or inches to nautical miles without
               | looking it up
        
               | dullcrisp wrote:
               | Well if what they say is true then 100ft/min = 1 nautical
               | mile/60min, so one nautical mile is 6000ft. Or I guess I
               | missed the about so not exactly.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | It's within about 1%
        
               | Ringz wrote:
               | The calculation in the metric system would not
               | necessarily be more complicated, but it would be
               | different because the reference points in the metric
               | system are not directly aligned with the geography of the
               | Earth.
               | 
               | "1 knot is about 100 ft/min which is very convenient for
               | descent at a specific glide slope (i.e. for 100 knots
               | ground speed at 5% slope you want 500 ft/min descent
               | rate). Standard is 3deg which is about 5%."
               | 
               | You are right. It's an easy calculation. But I would say
               | its easy because its historically based on imperial
               | units. Its easy to think about easy calculations like
               | this in metric units like:
               | 
               | A 5% slope means descending 1 meter vertically for every
               | 20 meters horizontally.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | The gradient thing would work if ground speed and
               | vertical speed were both in m/s, but km/h is more common
               | in metric for a ground speed. You don't usually think in
               | terms of hours during a climb/descent!
               | 
               | Glide slope of 3.6% would fit nicely though. Then, 100
               | km/h ground speed goes with vertical speed 1 m/s.
               | 
               | Metric navigation would use the fact 90 degrees of
               | latitude is 10,000 km.
        
               | rmu09 wrote:
               | who is flying exactly north/south?
        
               | plantain wrote:
               | Certainly not "worldwide". China uses metres.
               | Recreational aircraft in Europe often use metres (almost
               | all sailplanes).
        
               | Tankenstein wrote:
               | Thank you, I wasn't aware of China using metres. It turns
               | out Russia uses them as well, confusingly below the
               | transition level.
        
               | throw5959 wrote:
               | No glider I have ever stepped in used metres. It doesn't
               | make any sense, the tower wants to hear feet and knots
               | and will communicate using that.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | "Metric is precise and logical but harder to use in
               | stressful situations."
               | 
               | That fully depends on your cultural background. Feet,
               | miles etc. are so foreign to me that I would be unable to
               | calculate with them under stress.
               | 
               | But I am not a pilot nor a navigator, so...
        
               | throw5959 wrote:
               | No, it doesn't. I'm European, never used imperial before
               | I became a pilot, and it's easier. Check it out, the
               | formulas are much simpler to do in your head. Intuition
               | doesn't matter, all that matters is that I can do the
               | calculations quickly so I know I'm within parameter
               | limits.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I'm curious which ones you find easier? There or a few
               | thermodynamics equations that are much more practical in
               | SAE. This is because the many units are often developed
               | out of within discipline experiment, whereas metric tries
               | to use fundamental units across disciplines.
        
               | throw5959 wrote:
               | Take a look into a pilot handbook, they are all written
               | down there.
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | You can be just as precise with either system.
        
             | raverbashing wrote:
             | Not for aerospace no
             | 
             | And knots are not mph, they're "nautical miles per hour"
             | which are a different measure (1nm is 1.8km, not 1.6km as
             | the regular mile")
        
               | Tankenstein wrote:
               | Sorry, not a native speaker, I was under the impression
               | that aerospace means air and space. I guess i meant
               | aviation.
               | 
               | I didn't imply knots are mph, I used the slash to signify
               | "or". They are completely different units, but both are
               | used. Sometimes the airspeed indicator even has two
               | scales, one for kt and one for mph.
        
           | MattPalmer1086 wrote:
           | Glad to hear it wasn't just me being grumpy, I also found it
           | immensely annoying and distracting.
        
           | Tepix wrote:
           | Perhaps it's considered more patriotic to reject scientific
           | units?
           | 
           | I don't understand why they reserve 6 digits for the speed in
           | mph either. Are they expecting it to go beyond 99,999 mph?
        
             | justlikereddit wrote:
             | Do they also report the speed of light as Walmart parking
             | lots per standard commercial tv break duration?
             | 
             | Edit: as an Amazon product it would probably use Amazon(tm)
             | cardboard box unit as the length metric and standardized
             | warehouse drone toilet break as duration.
        
               | Dalewyn wrote:
               | You're trying to break free of Earth's gravity well, so
               | you might as well use Freedom Units.
        
               | justlikereddit wrote:
               | Do you count them as Freedoms per second or is time
               | included in a Freedom?
        
           | rqtwteye wrote:
           | Definitely should be football fields or school buses to make
           | it comprehensible for the average viewer. Or "2 times the
           | speed of a bullet"
        
           | justin66 wrote:
           | > Another thing: why are they reporting speed in miles per
           | hour, and altitude in feet? Surely anybody interested in
           | space is familiar with SI units.
           | 
           | The audience that matters most to them is Americans, and
           | they're happy to accommodate even those who are less
           | interested in space.
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | Who cares what units they use? Anyone who is interested in
           | space will have some knowledge of both kinds of units, and
           | can do conversions if they need to.
        
         | HDThoreaun wrote:
         | Have to agree with others that the horrible laughing ruins what
         | should be a monumentous occasion for the company and humanity.
        
           | jve wrote:
           | Think about it. The fruit of their hard work over all those
           | years while enduring people pointing fingers and memes at
           | them... and now their powerful rocket roars, rumbles and
           | lifts... Ofcourse it is emotional. And looks like me
           | personally enjoy it. Perhaps that is taken from spacex stream
           | where you see people cheering on achieving significant
           | milestones... just gives you some of it.
           | 
           | Perhaps that audio could have been only when showing people
           | cheering or what, but anyways, I'm surprised BO even set up
           | that much of a show for external viewers.
           | 
           | SpaceX obviously has spoiled us. Just think of what we could
           | see before SX. Some visualization on how rocket fly?
        
             | notahacker wrote:
             | Personally I like the contrast between the laugh of joy and
             | relief and background cheers from the team that have spent
             | the past few years building it, and the calm technical
             | announcements coming from somebody who probably feels the
             | same way...
        
             | seszett wrote:
             | > Just think of what we could see before SX. Some
             | visualization on how rocket fly?
             | 
             | What do you mean? Rocket launches have been filmed for
             | ages, and without the laugh track, see that random launch
             | of Ariane 4 in 1988 for example, that includes an on-board
             | view (the replay does include some clapping from spectators
             | though):
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_E4naQgTl0
             | 
             | You could already see them on live TV at the time. The
             | Space X launches today certainly have better quality but
             | it's not like launches were impossible to watch in the
             | past.
        
           | atq2119 wrote:
           | As a non-USian looking in, it seemed fairly average and non-
           | horrible to me? I find it interesting to find several
           | comments like this one here so prominently compared to the
           | discussion thread about SpaceX launches.
        
             | robertlagrant wrote:
             | Why is that interesting?
        
             | elteto wrote:
             | It's just people looking for something to crap on. God
             | forbid those engineers celebrate years of their own work.
        
             | ipdashc wrote:
             | Yeah, I have seen some pretty annoying ones (on the spaceX
             | streams) where they really make the cheering too loud, and
             | from these comments I expected similar, but that... Really
             | wasn't that bad at all. Just someone being excited. C'mon
             | guys
        
           | pavel_lishin wrote:
           | Don't make fun of the way someone laughs. It'll sour
           | someone's spontaneous joy, to think that every time they
           | laugh, someone finds it annoying.
        
             | indoordin0saur wrote:
             | True. When I was in 9th grade, shortly before I was due to
             | get braces, my teeth were quite crooked, and someone
             | pointed out (in front of a lot of my friends) that they
             | thought it looked grotesque when I laughed or smiled. It
             | had a lasting negative effect on me, even after the braces
             | came off and I had a great smile.
        
             | xeromal wrote:
             | Great point to always consider people's humanity when doing
             | something.
        
           | sho_hn wrote:
           | This is such a bizarre comment for me. If you strip that
           | "momentous occasion for humanity" from its human component,
           | then how is it a worthwhile historical document?
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | Dupe of / More details & discussion here,
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42721882 ( _" Blue Origin
       | New Glenn Mission NG-1 (video) (blueorigin.com)"_, 55 comments)
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | I might say "More details & discussion here", vs. "Dupe of".
         | For those who don't want to burn time watching video, the Ars
         | story is an excellent summary.
        
       | seydor wrote:
       | I don't understand why making excuses for their failure, 10 years
       | after spaceX started reusing their rockets. There are so many
       | competitors now and china is doing quite well, that we don't need
       | participation trophies.
        
         | Tepix wrote:
         | Reaching orbit on the first try is a big deal. I think it
         | deserves recognition and celebration.
         | 
         | Noone has ever managed to nail the landing of an orbital class
         | booster on the first try.
        
           | jve wrote:
           | > Noone
           | 
           | Name another company that even landed orbital class booster
           | on whatever try.
           | 
           | 10 years ago it was an impossible feat many were laughing at.
        
             | cma wrote:
             | The space shuttle achieved reusable booster landing in the
             | 80s with parachutes and water.
             | 
             | Delta clipper controlled burn relanding in the 90s but not
             | scaled to orbital class.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Solid engine booster isn't in the same category of
               | complexity as liquid engine booster, though.
        
               | cma wrote:
               | Sure, just saying it wasn't an impossible feat.
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | Nobody with any sense for how rockets work should be
               | impressed with parachuting and refurbing SRB tubes.
               | Landing a proper rocket stage the real way is an
               | impressive feat of robotics and engine engineering. The
               | shuttle SRB thing was a wasteful farce meant to pay lip
               | service to the loftier goals set by earlier Shuttle
               | proposals (such as real flyback boosters.)
               | 
               | A far better example, although still not exactly the same
               | sort of thing, would be landing the SSMEs with every
               | orbiter landing. They obviously required refurbishment
               | (as all Falcon 9 Merlin engines do too) and the
               | propellant tanks were expended, but the engineering that
               | went into the SSMEs is a much better example of precedent
               | to Falcon 9 than dropping spent SRBs on parachutes.
               | 
               | SLS/Artemis is actually using some of the specific SSMEs
               | that have flown before on Shuttles. Veteran engines, but
               | they will be discarded this time, no more refurbing. What
               | a damn shame.
        
               | baq wrote:
               | Shame for nostalgia reasons perhaps, these engines were
               | made out of unicorn tears and the price tag reflected
               | that. The new gen methalox engines are much saner
               | economically.
        
         | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
         | I don't understand why you're drawing attention to their
         | failure, it doesn't mean anything. Failure by anyone on the
         | first time of anything is understandable.
         | 
         | But I'm interested to know what the extensive competition for
         | domestic heavy lift rockets consists of, especially reusable
         | ones with a low cost. SpaceX of course, but Boeing is out to
         | lunch.
        
           | philipwhiuk wrote:
           | > extensive competition for domestic heavy lift rockets
           | consists of
           | 
           | New Glenn, Vulcan and Falcon Heavy/Starship.
           | 
           | There'll be a Chinese option shortly for those that are truly
           | launcher-agnostic.
        
         | fsloth wrote:
         | "Many" competitors? I thought that in this vehicle category
         | (large&affordable) Space X was the only competitor?
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | Blue Origin changed CEOs two years ago and since then it
         | started to pull forward.
         | 
         | They may have failures during flights, but they aren't a
         | failure as a company.
        
           | fregonics wrote:
           | This. I used to be very skeptical of anything Blue Origin.
           | But after the CEO change they appear to have changed their
           | attitude for the better.
           | 
           | They are not on SpaceX level, but they are growing recently
           | and I think this test, even with the many problems or things
           | I didn't like (SpaceX spoiled us), it was positive.
        
         | moritonal wrote:
         | Didn't we laude SpaceX for failing fast and moving forward?
        
         | ANewFormation wrote:
         | I'm about as big a SpaceX fanboy as possible, and still find
         | this a remarkable achievement.
         | 
         | You simply can't sim your way to a successful landing because
         | there's too many unknown unknowns. Note on this launch it seems
         | they even fubared the thrust:weight ratio a bit right off the
         | pad, and that's normal.
         | 
         | This stuff is hard to do, and them getting to orbit in one shot
         | is a great indicator of where they might be headed.
         | 
         | I'd love to see a competent competitor to SpaceX because
         | that'll just get us to Mars (and beyond) that much faster.
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | > ... they even fubared the thrust:weight ration a bit ...
           | 
           | Fubared, or carefully nerfed? With so tiny a payload, I can
           | see both engineering data collection and range safety reasons
           | to barely crawl their first launch off the pad.
        
         | stetrain wrote:
         | SpaceX have had much worse recent failures on launches of their
         | new generation rocket.
         | 
         | Blue Origin have moved glacially slow by comparison, but they
         | achieved their primary goal with this launch (get to orbit) and
         | failed a secondary goal (land the booster).
         | 
         | If this were a SpaceX launch of a brand new rocket we'd be
         | calling this a success and noting how they'd almost certainly
         | achieve the secondary goal soon.
         | 
         | I think the question is how well and quickly Blue Origin can
         | iterate to achieve first stage reuse. It took SpaceX quite a
         | long time with a lot of lessons learned to reach the maturity
         | they have now with Falcon 9 landings and re-launches.
        
       | vFunct wrote:
       | I wish the cameras used film like NASA did for Saturn V. The
       | digital cameras used on these launches basically show a white
       | blob with no detail due to digital cameras having such low
       | dynamic range compared to film. And this is made worse with the
       | night launches that Blue Origin are doing.
       | 
       | In Saturn V launches you could see see detail in the bright flame
       | structures along with background detail.
       | 
       | Maybe some of the upcoming digital cameras chips will have higher
       | dynamic range eventually. I know Nikon has a paper talking about
       | stacked sensors that are trading off high frame rate for high
       | dynamic range: https://youtu.be/jcc1CvqCTeU?si=DuIu4BK48iZTlyB2
        
         | trhway wrote:
         | > talking about stacked sensors
         | 
         | why not just stacked cameras with a range of filters? modern
         | cameras cost and weight nothing (and that rocket puts 45 ton
         | into LEO)
        
         | ArnoVW wrote:
         | those engineering cameras were not your regular run-of-the mill
         | cameras neither.
         | 
         | NASA published a 45 min documentary of the 10-15 engineering
         | cameras of an STS launch., with comments on the engineering
         | aspets of the launch procedure.
         | 
         | Very beautiful, relaxing, has an almost meditative quality.
         | Highly recommend it.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vFwqZ4qAUkE
        
           | philipwhiuk wrote:
           | Yeah and Shuttle cost a fortune per launch.
           | 
           | Views are distinctly secondary to an affordable launch
           | program.
        
             | sandworm101 wrote:
             | And the cost of the camera program was paid back a hundred
             | times as that footage was used to diagnose, correct and
             | improve countless systems. Accident investigations would
             | have taken ten times as long without that footage.
        
               | nickff wrote:
               | I absolutely love that beautiful film footage,
               | particularly well-exhibited in one of my favorite
               | documentaries, the spectacular "When We Left Earth" (a
               | lovely and lengthy series). That said...
               | 
               | Modern rockets have the ability to stream a great deal
               | more data, including live camera streams, than the
               | Mercury/Gemini/Apollo or Space Shuttle could. This
               | increased real-time data bandwidth is probably much more
               | valuable than high-dynamic-range cameras were.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | Telemetry only records what you deem interesting prior to
               | flight. When something goes really wrong, it probably
               | came from something you were not expecting, like foam
               | insulation. Cameras recorded everything visible, even the
               | stuff you don't think important.
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | I'd assume that BO _has_ plenty of high-res /high-contrast-
             | range imagery - that's just too useful for engineering
             | analysis, post-launch.
             | 
             | What they release to the public is a separate issue.
        
         | throw0101a wrote:
         | > _The digital cameras used on these launches basically show a
         | white blob with no detail due to digital cameras having such
         | low dynamic range compared to film._
         | 
         | Film negatives have a dynamic range of between 12 to 15 stops,
         | but a whole bunch can be lost when transferred to optical print
         | (perhaps less if digitally scanned).
         | 
         | The Arri ALEXA Mini LF has 14.5 stops of dynamic range, and the
         | ALEXA 35 has 17 (Table 2):
         | 
         | *
         | https://www.arri.com/resource/blob/295460/e10ff8a5b3abf26c33...
        
           | aziaziazi wrote:
           | > a whole bunch can be lost when transferred to optical print
           | 
           | I'm not sure if by "optical print"[0] you mean a film
           | developing process (like C41), but the info is not lost and
           | stays on the film. The developer job is to fine tune the
           | parameters to print the infos you're seeking, and that
           | include adjusting white and black points thresholds (range).
           | You can also do several print if you want to extract more
           | infos, and print it so large you see the _grain shapes_! If
           | there's is something lost it's when the picture is taken,
           | after that it's up to you to exploit it the way you need.
           | 
           | It's very similar to a numeric device capturing RAWs and the
           | developer finishing the picture on a software like Camera
           | Raw, or what some modern phone does automatically for you.
           | 
           | 0 not English native, perhaps this is a synonym of
           | developement?
        
             | throw0101a wrote:
             | > _I'm not sure if by "optical print"[0] you mean a film
             | developing process (like C41), but the info is not lost and
             | stays on the film._
             | 
             | You have a negative, which you develop.
             | 
             | For photos you then have to transfer that to paper. For
             | cinema you want to distribute it, so you have to take the
             | originally captured image(s) and make copies to distribute.
             | 
             | In both cases, because it's an analog process, and so
             | things will degrade.
             | 
             | Of course if you scan the negative then further copies
             | after are easy to duplicate.
        
           | zipy124 wrote:
           | I believe it's possible to get higher than that, this work by
           | kodak for examples shows 20!! stops on film[1]. I seem to
           | remember reading somewhere that for example Kodak TMax 100
           | can be pushed up to 18 stops, maybe higher. The limitation is
           | not usually the film itself but the development process' used
           | I think?
           | 
           | Its also crucial to note at what SNR they use for their
           | cutoff when stating their dynamic range in stops, in addition
           | to their tone curve.
           | 
           | I'm only a hobbyist though, perhaps someone else can
           | enlighten me further.
           | 
           | Digital is mostly limited by bits, since a 14 bit image with
           | a linear tone curve will have at most 14 stops of info right?
           | So we won't expect to see values pushing higher until camera
           | manufacturers leave behind 14 bit as a standard and go
           | higher, as in the arri cameras. They use a 16 bit sensor, and
           | squeeze the last stop out by using a more gradual tone curve
           | in their shadows. This means technically the shadow stops
           | contain less information than the highlight stops, thus
           | meaning not all stops are equal I believe (quite confusing).
           | 
           | [1]: "Assessing the Quality of Motion Picture Systems from
           | Scene-to-Digital Data" in the February/March 2002 issue of
           | the SMPTE Journal (Volume 111, No. 2, pp. 85-96).
        
             | mapt wrote:
             | What we're doing here to get higher SNR, generally, is
             | growing the CMOS sensors larger and larger. The limitation
             | is ultimately either depth of field or IC manufacturing
             | issues. A hypothetical meter-wide sensor could be
             | manufactured to combine with a catadioptric lense of
             | extreme cost, but you'd expect most of a scene to be bokeh,
             | like in macro or microscope lenses.
             | 
             | In reality there are limits imposed by manufacturing. At
             | the extreme, we have wafer-scale sensors used in, eg,
             | night-time wildlife videography -
             | https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11497922/ . Anything larger
             | than that is typically a not-perfectly-contiguous array of
             | smaller chips.
             | 
             | You can also cryocool the camera, at the expense of weight,
             | versatility, and complexity. Most astrophotography is
             | collected with cryocooled CCD or cryocooled CMOS sensors.
             | This helps much more with long exposures than it does with
             | video, but it does help.
        
             | aziaziazi wrote:
             | > The limitation is not usually the film itself but the
             | development process' used
             | 
             | I respectfully doubt that, development process is a
             | combinaison of techniques that lets you do many thinks with
             | your row data and the line between that and special effects
             | is quite blurry (joke intended).
             | 
             | One way to make HDR-like with films and cheap-not-advanced
             | material is to do a several development of the same film to
             | the same paper, with different exposures parameters. That
             | way you combine different ranges of the image (eg stop 1-4
             | + stop 4-10 + stop 10-18) to produce you final image. This
             | is a great craft workship.
             | 
             | The only limit is the chemistry of the films used (giving
             | grains at almost nano scale), multiplied by the size of the
             | film.
             | 
             | Side note: development is basically a picture of a picture
             | (usually) done with different chemicals and photographic
             | setup.
        
             | yourapostasy wrote:
             | 20 stops dynamic range is about the human eye's range.
             | Achieving that for digital capture and display would be
             | mind blowing.
        
               | jmpman wrote:
               | I still don't understand how vision only self driving
               | cars are viable without also having 20 stops of dynamic
               | range.
        
               | ianburrell wrote:
               | I'm amazed that they only have one camera. A cheap
               | solution to dynamic range would be to have two cameras,
               | one for bright, high resolution, and one for low light,
               | low resolution.
        
               | touisteur wrote:
               | I thought that was what HDR was at first in my young
               | naive days: for the same sensor put several ADCs in
               | parallel with overlapping ranges and auto-switch to the
               | non-saturated one...
        
             | vFunct wrote:
             | I actually used to design image sensor chips. The dynamic
             | range is due to the electron well size. Each pixel has a
             | diode that stores typically between 10,000-100,000
             | electrons in them. When the shutter is open, each photon
             | that arrives pushes out an electron across the diode. When
             | the shutter closes, sensors count how many electrons
             | remain. This is how they calculate how much light each
             | pixel received.
             | 
             | The well size itself is usually a function of the pixel
             | size. A larger pixel means a larger diode that can store
             | more electrons, and hence a larger range of light that can
             | be measured - dynamic range.
        
               | mediaman wrote:
               | So there's a tradeoff between image resolution and
               | dynamic range, for a given sensor size?
        
               | vFunct wrote:
               | Sorta. If you subdivide an area into more pixels you get
               | lower dynamic range for each pixel, but you can average
               | across multiple pixels to gain back the some of the
               | dynamic range.
        
               | Atotalnoob wrote:
               | Dumb question, but if it's super windy, does that make
               | the photos brighter?
        
             | throw0101a wrote:
             | > _Digital is mostly limited by bits, since a 14 bit image
             | with a linear tone curve will have at most 14 stops of info
             | right?_
             | 
             | Bit depth [?] dynamic range.
             | 
             | The dynaic range is about the highest and lowest value that
             | can be measure ("stops" are a ratio per log_2, db are a
             | ratio per log_10):
             | 
             | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_range#Human_percept
             | ion
             | 
             | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_range#Photography
             | 
             | The bits are about the gradation with-in that range. You
             | can have 12-stop image recorded using a 10-bit, 12-bit,
             | 14-bit, or 16-bit format.
             | 
             | And at least when it comes to film, it is not a linear
             | curve, at least when you get to the darkest and lightest
             | parts. That's why there's an old saying "expose for the
             | shadows, develop for the highlights"
             | 
             | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rlnt5yFArWo
             | 
             | * https://www.kimhildebrand.com/how-to-use-the-zone-system/
             | 
             | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_System
        
         | tambourine_man wrote:
         | It could be an exposure issue. Film has a response curve with a
         | big "shoulder" in the highest values. It makes it really hard
         | to blow out highlights.
         | 
         | Digital sensors have a linear response to light, so if the
         | highlights are a bit over a threshold, they are gone.
         | 
         | If you're willing to tolerate more noise and shoot RAW, you
         | could underexpose, perhaps by as much as 4 stops, and apply a
         | strong curve in post. It would pretty much guarantee no blown
         | out highlights.
         | 
         | Most people find luminance noise aesthetically pleasing up to a
         | point and digital is already much cleaner than film ever was,
         | so it's a worthy trade off, if you ask me. But "Expose To The
         | Left/Right" is a heated topic among photographers.
        
           | shagie wrote:
           | Spitballing, but a HDR digital camera could be designed with
           | a beamsplitter similar to that of the 3CCD (
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-CCD_camera ) designs that
           | projects to an assembly with only a sensor behind it, another
           | to an assembly that has a 4 stop neutral density and sensor,
           | and another to an assembly that has an 8 stop neutral density
           | and and sensor.
           | 
           | This way it wouldn't suffer from any parallax issues and
           | sensor images should then also line up to allow it to be
           | reconstructed from the multiple sources.
           | 
           | That said... HDR images can be "bland" with it being washed
           | out. It would probably take a bit more post processing work
           | to get the image both high dynamic range and providing the
           | dynamism of what those old Saturn V launches showed.
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | I think what you need is a plain old half-silvered beam
             | splitter, not the 3CCD prism. The dichroic prism uses
             | combinations of coatings to separate RGB into different
             | optical paths. You don't need that.
        
               | shagie wrote:
               | Half silvered would work too. I was using the 3CCD prism
               | as an example of splitting an image into multiple parts
               | and avoiding issues with parallax. If you stacked cameras
               | on top of each other with their own lenses, you'd
               | inevitably get slightly different focal lengths, focal
               | distances, and camera positions.
               | 
               | Aside with the dichotic filter... there was a neat trick
               | that was lost (and refound) with a sodium 589nm dichromic
               | (notch) prism. https://youtu.be/UQuIVsNzqDk
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | I don't think it's a technical issue, they probably just don't
         | care, we lost a bit of the magic and ideals we had back then
        
           | stouset wrote:
           | I think the last thing you could probably say about the teams
           | involved in this is that they don't care.
        
             | lm28469 wrote:
             | We must not have seen the same footage, they even had rain
             | drops on the lens, that was an amateur move in the 60s, in
             | 2025 it should be a crime lol
             | 
             | Like, what the fuck is this ? https://imgur.com/6sVSXGd Did
             | they strap an iphone 12 on the launchpad and leave it on
             | auto settings ? The flood light is aimed straight at the
             | lens too...
             | 
             | This is an amateur shot from 5 years ago: https://www.reddi
             | t.com/r/space/comments/coppj8/a_dramatic_cl...
             | 
             | I'm telling you, they didn't care one bit about that video,
             | it looks like absolute ass
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | The detailed Apollo shots were not live. The Blue Origin
               | frame is from a live video feed. The ULA picture is a
               | post-processed still photo.
        
         | powderpig wrote:
         | You should check out the Artemis I engineering footage.
        
         | CarVac wrote:
         | Even on film, if you expose for the rocket you don't get any
         | flame detail.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_V#/media/File:Apollo_11...
        
         | hackeraccount wrote:
         | This is footage hours after the event. It's no doubt been
         | stomped on for streaming and other reasons. I wouldn't give up
         | on something better being out there for a little while yet.
        
         | johnp314 wrote:
         | What am I missing? I can sit in my den and watch SpaceX and now
         | Blue Origin launches, in real time see the telemetry data, see
         | stage separation, reentry burns, etc, etc. As for Saturn V, to
         | quote the Byrds "I was so much older then..." but I don't
         | recall any of that. Doesn't film require taking the exposed
         | product to a lab for after the fact processing? While the Blue
         | Origin images this morning were not nearly as good as the
         | SpaceX, to me the images are absolutely incredible. I am a
         | serious amateur photographer and I do still shoot film on
         | occasion but I see little dynamic range differences now in
         | 2025.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | Just a reminder that Blue Origin was founded almost 24 years ago,
       | nearly 2 years before SpaceX was.
       | 
       | And it's hard to find out how much money Blue Origin has burnt
       | but it seems to be largely supported by Bezos who years ago
       | pledged to fund it to the tune of $1 billion a year. Allegedly BO
       | has >11K employees and payroll alone is estimated to exceed $2B a
       | year with little revenue to pay for it. Bezos may well be
       | $10-20B+ in the hole.
       | 
       | Now consider the market for the New Glenn. It seems to have a
       | payload capacity around 3x that of Falcon 9 and 2/3 that of
       | Falcon Heavy. As we know, there's not a lot of demand for Falcon
       | Heavy, there having been 11 launches (compared to 439 for Falcon
       | 9). SpaceX also has created demand through Starlink.
       | 
       | For anyone launching a satellite, the Falcon 9 has an impressive
       | track record. It's unclear how much SpaceX saves by reusing first
       | stage boosters but it certainly increases their potential launch
       | cadence and there were close to 150 launches in 2024 alone.
       | 
       | So I'm happy to see competition in this field but it's unclear to
       | me what market there is for New Glenn (or even Starship for that
       | matter, but that's a separate story) but Falcon 9 seems to have
       | saturated the launch market. It's really the Boeing 747 of launch
       | vehicles. For those unfamiliar, the 747 was such a competitive
       | advantage and cash cow for Boeing for quite literally decades.
       | That's how dominant the Falcon 9 is.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | > Bezos may well be $10-20B+ in the hole.
         | 
         | Which puts it about the level of my ski season pass in his
         | budget. A hobby scale expenditure.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | you spent 10% of your NW on a ski season pass?
        
             | kentm wrote:
             | Good point but money has diminishing marginal utility so I
             | wouldn't be surprised if Bezos sees it that way.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | I would prefer not to add up 25 years (BO founded in 2000)
             | worth of passes, travel, equipment and lessons. That would
             | be an uncomfortable result.
        
         | philipwhiuk wrote:
         | It's going to replace ULA as the secondary option for DoD
         | launches. That's a multi-billion dollar contract.
         | 
         | It'll put price pressure on SpaceX who have been able to charge
         | increasingly large amounts without the competition from ULA
         | recently.
        
           | Perceval wrote:
           | SpaceX, ULA, and Blue Origin will all three be on Space
           | Force's National Security Space Launch Phase III Lane 2 IDIQ.
           | 
           | Blue Origin won't replace ULA on that contract, but will
           | compete head to head with SpaceX and ULA to win launch task
           | orders.
        
             | adolph wrote:
             | I think the parent comment refers to ULA being on life
             | support. The new contracts won't be as flush as the company
             | was designed to need, and there won't be 3x launch cadence.
             | 
             | https://www.cnbc.com/2024/02/08/investing-in-space-how-
             | banke...
             | 
             | Here is a deeper history/analysis of ULA and how they were
             | propped up by maintenance fees to retain launch capacity
             | even when there were no payloads.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyxLAezc9k0
        
         | philipwhiuk wrote:
         | > Just a reminder that Blue Origin was founded almost 24 years
         | ago, nearly 2 years before SpaceX was.
         | 
         | And Ford Motor Companies was founded in 1903 and still hasn't
         | gotten above the Karman line. Wow, they're a massive failure as
         | a company.
         | 
         | Blue wasn't aiming for an orbital rocket for years.
        
           | imeron wrote:
           | So what they were aiming for in the last 24 years if not to
           | get into space?
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | In part, being a ULA supplier so _they_ could get to space.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BE-4
        
             | bryanlarsen wrote:
             | Blue Origin's goal has been to move heavy industry into
             | space, to realize the vision of Gerard O'Neill. For its
             | first 5 years it was a think tank, trying to figure out the
             | best way to get there. Neal Stephenson was one of the
             | employees, and you can see echoes of their work in his
             | writing.
             | 
             | Only after 5 years did they transition to becoming a rocket
             | company, having decided that lowering the cost of access to
             | space was the most important first step to realizing
             | O'Neill's vision.
             | 
             | And they were right, it's just that SpaceX realized the
             | same thing at about the same time and were much more
             | successful at it.
             | 
             | Going from 0 to a large oxygen rich staged combustion
             | engine and a heavy class rocket in 19 years is actually
             | pretty good by industry standards. SpaceX is the exception,
             | not Blue Origin.
        
           | arijun wrote:
           | Didn't BO have a change in leadership in 2023 precisely
           | because they were slow compared to SpaceX?
           | 
           | Edit: New Glenn was announced in 2016, compared to Starship's
           | 2019, and they're approaching the finish line at around the
           | same time. And I would say Starship was a far more ambitious
           | project.
        
         | Dr4kn wrote:
         | New Glenn has a payload size that is comparable to that of
         | starship.
         | 
         | Falcon Heavy can launch much heavier stuff than 9, but it uses
         | the same fairing. If you want to launch things that can't fit
         | into Falcon 9s fairing, then your only options are SLS, New
         | Glenn and in a few years Starship.
         | 
         | Especially Space Station Parts and Spy satellites can be quite
         | huge. So there is an established and growing market for larger
         | payloads
        
           | gangstead wrote:
           | The extended Falcon fairing was spotted recently on one of
           | the Falcon launches at the Cape. They are designing that for
           | DoD payloads I think but it's advertised as available for
           | payloads. It's not any wider but it is 18.7 m tall instead of
           | 13.2m. Source: [Falcon User
           | Guide](https://www.spacex.com/media/falcon-users-
           | guide-2021-09.pdf)
        
         | nprateem wrote:
         | In a fair market this'd be bad news for SpaceX, but from next
         | week he'll have nothing to worry about for at least the next 4
         | years/until donnie dies.
        
         | thehappypm wrote:
         | > As we know, there's not a lot of demand for Falcon Heavy
         | 
         | Citation needed
        
           | jmyeet wrote:
           | There have been 11 Falcon Heavy launches (as I said in my
           | comment) in the almost 6 years since the first flight
           | (February 2018), roughly 2 per year. There were almost 150
           | Falcon 9 launches in 2024 alone.
           | 
           | What else would you call this than "not a lot of demand"?
        
             | thehappypm wrote:
             | Why are you conflating demand with launch cadence?
             | 
             | Falcon Heavy is in R&D mode, which is why there have been
             | fewer launches. That has no bearing on the demand for it.
        
               | stetrain wrote:
               | I think you may be confusing Starship and Falcon Heavy.
               | Falcon Heavy is a production launch vehicle that has
               | launched payloads for NASA, DoD, etc. at this point.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | And if Starship succeeds, a complete dead end.
        
               | thehappypm wrote:
               | Falcon Heavy has done far too few launches to accurately
               | predict the demand.
        
               | stetrain wrote:
               | It does as many launches as customers buy. If more
               | customers bought Falcon Heavy launches SpaceX would
               | launch more.
               | 
               | It's been launching operational payloads for 6 years now.
        
               | gangstead wrote:
               | They may be supply constrained as well. Only one of the 3
               | Falcon launch pads can support Falcon Heavy and it must
               | be reconfigured to go between regular and Falcon launches
               | so each Heavy launch restricts Falcon launches for a week
               | or two on either side. The second launch site at
               | Vandenberg is being built right now and will support both
               | regular and Heavy launches as well. For every other
               | launch company reserving a launch site for a month for
               | one launch wouldn't be a problem but for SpaceX that will
               | prevent scheduling of 4-6 other Falcon launches.
               | 
               | SpaceX might be pricing Heavy launches high enough to
               | dampen demand until they can support more launches.
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | Because there is not enough demand. If there would be
               | more demand there would be more launches. Because why
               | not?
               | 
               | (Are you sure that you are talking about Falcon Heavy?
               | The heavy launcher which is basically 3 Falcon 9 boosters
               | bungee corded together[1]. First launched in 2018. And
               | not Starship which first launched successfully in 2024?)
               | 
               | 1: Not really. Just a joke. Before someone nitpicks
        
       | chasd00 wrote:
       | I'm a pretty hardcore SpaceX fan but hats off to the BlueOrigin
       | team. Orbit on the first try is no small feat. Congrats!
        
         | thinkingtoilet wrote:
         | Why do people feel the need to add qualifiers like "I'm a
         | pretty hardcore SpaceX fan but...". Are you so attached to some
         | company that it was hard for you to congratulate people on an
         | accomplishment? It seems strange.
        
           | avmich wrote:
           | There's such a thing as sports watching, when you're
           | associating yourself with a team and are glad and sad
           | together with them. I guess something like this could happen
           | elsewhere...
        
           | mousetree wrote:
           | If you don't praise Elon Musk he will say bad things about
           | you on Twitter
        
             | kentm wrote:
             | Still love the car!
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | Because of the popularity of the 'I'm no Elon fan' preamble
           | on HN.
        
           | dwaltrip wrote:
           | Let's flip it: Why do _you_ care? Does it really bother you
           | that much?
           | 
           | P.S. Wait a second, why do I care about why do you care? Oh
           | god...
        
             | thinkingtoilet wrote:
             | Stop! You'll get us in an infinite feedback loop!
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | It was just a reflex and a sports team rivalry is a good
           | analogy. In other forums on the inet there's definitely a
           | team spacex vs team blueorigin feeling. Think about American
           | college football, imagine someone at UT congratulating A&M
           | for scoring a touchdown. That would require finesse in some
           | crowds :)
        
           | robertlagrant wrote:
           | > Why do people feel the need to
           | 
           | Whenever it's used, it applies to the comment using it as
           | well as the comment it's referring to.
        
           | BariumBlue wrote:
           | It's a way to add emphasis on "They did a good job". We could
           | translate it as
           | 
           | "I'm somewhat biased against BlueOrigin, but BlueOrigin
           | managed to overcome my personal bias with how impressive
           | their launch was".
           | 
           | It's similar to saying "I normally don't like country music,
           | but that was a good song". In that sentence the intended
           | message isn't "I don't like country music", instead it's "I
           | liked that song"
        
       | thehappypm wrote:
       | Does anyone have a good sense for the actual purpose of reusing
       | rockets?
       | 
       | Call me skeptical of the actual cost savings. You now need
       | systems in place to catch them, the rockets need more components
       | and fuel and such to control descent, the rocket then need to be
       | refurbished back to launch-ready after going through hellacious
       | stress. It seems like it'd be cheaper, lighter, and simpler on
       | the whole to just make a new one. But I would love to learn more.
        
         | wongarsu wrote:
         | Rocket engines are very complex machinery that's difficult and
         | expensive to make. Reusing the rocket allows you to reuse the
         | engine.
         | 
         | SpaceX has also managed to show that reused hardware can be
         | more reliable than brand new hardware. You run the hardware
         | through a number of tests before launch, but there is no better
         | test than an actual launch. Satellites still cost a lot more
         | than rockets, so reliability is a big deal
        
           | Symmetry wrote:
           | A NASA planetary probe or a NRO spysat cost more than an
           | order of magnitude more than launch but your run of the mill
           | comm sat is only a bit more expensive than a SpaceX launch.
        
           | twic wrote:
           | I do wonder if there's a way to reuse engines without reusing
           | whole rockets, that could wind up cheaper. Pop the engine out
           | of the rocket with some small fuel tanks, spin round and do a
           | retro burn, then ... somehow land. I have not worked out all
           | the details.
        
             | stetrain wrote:
             | ULA calls this "SMART reuse" but has not yet successfully
             | achieved it with their Vulcan rocket.
             | 
             | https://planetary.s3.amazonaws.com/web/assets/pictures/_240
             | 0...
             | 
             | In some ways this is simpler, but in others it is more
             | complex since you need a way to catch the engines before
             | they dunk in the salt water. A rocket booster that is
             | already set up with avionics, engines, and fuel can guide
             | and land itself without needing a precise helicopter catch
             | etc.
        
             | arijun wrote:
             | I'm not sure how leaving the rest of the booster would make
             | a propulsive landing easier. It seems like more complexity
             | than just leaving some fuel in the tank, for less benefit.
             | But ULA's Vulcan (which incidentally uses the same BE-4
             | engine as New Glenn) plans on using a helicopter to catch
             | it's engines as they parachute down [1]
             | 
             | [1] https://www.planetary.org/space-images/smart
        
             | stephenhumphrey wrote:
             | As Diane Rehm once lamented on her radio show about two
             | decades ago, as she was interviewing some cutting-edge
             | engineer about his work, "why does it have to be so
             | haaaard?!?"
        
             | voidUpdate wrote:
             | This concept is generally known as "Stage-and-a-half", and
             | it was used on the Atlas rockets
        
         | logifail wrote:
         | There is an older (2015) discussion on this at
         | https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=37390.0
        
         | jve wrote:
         | By that logic there should be launchers of similar capabilities
         | cheaper than F9... which there aren't.
         | 
         | Reason 2: Enables increased launch cadence.
        
         | sebzim4500 wrote:
         | This was the argument a decade ago when SpaceX was the only one
         | seriously talking about reuse. Given SpaceX is now responsible
         | for the vast majoriy of mass to orbit it is hard to argue with
         | the results, and now everyone serious is investing in reuse.
        
           | thehappypm wrote:
           | this is survivorship bias. SpaceX made a choice, and it
           | succeeded; but SpaceX also made a million other design
           | choices. Reusability could well be sub-optimal.
        
             | sashank_1509 wrote:
             | Your argument seems logical but the conclusion is wild, and
             | I'm pretty sure extremely wrong. What other design choices,
             | SpaceX made have been more significant for capturing 70% of
             | all rocket launches in the world?
             | 
             | Reusing seems like the obvious and biggest design decision
             | that led to their success
        
             | ggreer wrote:
             | For SpaceX to keep up their current launch cadence without
             | reusability, they would need to build a new Falcon 9
             | booster every 2-3 days instead of every two months. It
             | would also require an 8x increase in their build rate of
             | Merlin engines.
        
             | jjk166 wrote:
             | Note that SpaceX's whole schtick at the beginning was to
             | specifically go for a very cheap single use rocket. All of
             | their design decisions were based around making the Flacon
             | 1 and later the Falcon 9 easy to mass produce. This was the
             | prevailing philosophy after the Space Shuttle's reusability
             | failed to bring down launch costs. SpaceX tried that and
             | they failed to achieve the cost savings they wanted. That's
             | when they pivoted to reusability, which did work,
             | propelling them from well branded newcomer to dominant
             | player in the launch market.
        
         | icegreentea2 wrote:
         | It's true that in principle, you need a stronger rocket (the
         | whole rocket, not just the motor) and a bunch of extra
         | infrastructure to be able to reuse.
         | 
         | However, without being able to recover a rocket, it's actually
         | quite difficult to figure out just how much corners you can
         | cut, while remaining reliable. Since blowing up revenue payload
         | is an awful way to optimize this, I think this means that
         | disposal rockets will be inefficient in a different way - there
         | will be excess safety margin in the wrong areas.
         | 
         | Reliable re-use also changes the operating model of the
         | company. Since each rocket in stock represents many customers
         | over time, you don't need to be nearly as stressed about
         | exactly matching your manufacturing pipeline to predicted
         | demand. This likely also enables generally faster turn around
         | time (as in from cheque signed to launch).
         | 
         | Finally, as it turns out, it's not unreasonable to expect a
         | rocket to be reused like 20+ times. I think you're point would
         | be reasonable if it turned out that reusing a rocket more than
         | ~3-5 times was difficult. But like... it's REALLY hard to do
         | disposal anything better than something that can be reused 20+
         | times.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | Rocket engines are very expensive, and the whole rocket is
         | fairly expensive in traditional construction methods. The cost
         | of the rocket engines dominates the others.
        
       | Symmetry wrote:
       | Pretty unusual for a new space company to make orbit on their
       | first launch. Generally par for the course in established
       | companies is 2 failures in the first 10 launches so lets see how
       | they do.
       | 
       | The stage didn't land successfully but I'd have been very
       | surprised if they got _that_ on the first try.
       | 
       | NG's launch price is supposedly only about 50% higher than a
       | Falcon 9 with a lot more payload weight and volume. Hopefully
       | this will result in SpaceX cutting their price, they've got a lot
       | of room to do so before hitting their launch costs.
        
         | lupusreal wrote:
         | The new space company is over twenty years old. For such a long
         | development time I figured they actually had a reasonable
         | chance of nailing the booster landing. I bet they'll do it next
         | time.
        
           | trothamel wrote:
           | It also helps that they fairly routinely land boosters (with
           | New Shepard), which means they've likely worked out the
           | 'landing' part.
           | 
           | Now to see if they can solve the reentry problem.
        
           | bpodgursky wrote:
           | Sounded like maybe a telemetry loss, which is hard to fully
           | simulate. They'll abort to be conservative in these
           | situations even if the rocket could land itself without tele-
           | operation.
        
             | mulmen wrote:
             | Stage 1 is remotely operated? I find that surprising.
        
               | nirav72 wrote:
               | I'm not knowledgeable in the deep technical details of
               | rocketry. But curious - how else would the first stage be
               | operated? Should it be autonomous?
        
               | 0xffff2 wrote:
               | Yes. The timings involved would make it impractical to
               | land a rocket reliably via human teleoperation even with
               | zero latency.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | I'm not a rocket scientist but my assumption is that it
               | would be internally guided and only take external inputs
               | in the form of GPS and "land on the ship" or "don't land
               | on the ship". Saturn V was manned and had a an internal
               | guidance computer.
        
               | bpodgursky wrote:
               | No, but they want to be able to remotely abort.
        
           | ajax177 wrote:
           | Only in the last couple years has blue had a similar
           | headcount https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activit
           | y:6851212...
        
         | katbyte wrote:
         | ?
         | 
         | Isn't the norm not crashing and succeeding? it's only space x
         | who normalized so many failures to "move fast"?
        
           | ternnoburn wrote:
           | IMO, there are too few entrants to meaningfully draw any
           | conclusions about "the norm" in this industry.
        
           | myself248 wrote:
           | Exactly as OP said, launcher failures happen and then you
           | drive down their frequency.
           | 
           | Landing failures are still quite expected, especially on the
           | first few tries. It's weird that they even tried on the first
           | launch, but I don't even think of it as a try, I think of it
           | as a "let's gather some data, and in the freakishly unlikely
           | occurrence that everything goes perfect on the way down, we
           | might as well load the landing software too".
        
             | zitterbewegung wrote:
             | I read about spaceship on one of their launches is that
             | they attempted everything that it could possibly do on one
             | of their boosters because you basically have the next
             | iteration built so why not attempt anything for the
             | telemetry.
        
           | sebzim4500 wrote:
           | Firefly, Rocket Lab and Astra spring to mind as having failed
           | to reach orbit on their first attempt.
        
           | DiggyJohnson wrote:
           | Space shuttle had some harrowing early missions too, just
           | didn't explode.
        
             | lupusreal wrote:
             | Shuttle got _very_ lucky. On the first flight, STS-1, an
             | overpressure caused by the ignition of the SRBs forced the
             | orbiter 's body flap into an extreme angle which could have
             | destroyed the hydraulic system controlling it. Had John
             | Young know this had happened, he and Robert Crippen would
             | have ejected, which would have destroyed the orbiter on its
             | first flight.
        
               | mmooss wrote:
               | You could eject from the Space Shuttle? At what speed and
               | altitude? What was the mechanism?
        
               | o11c wrote:
               | There were only 2 ejection seats, enough for the crew of
               | test flights but not the larger crew of operational
               | flights.
               | 
               | The seats were only installed in Enterprise (the
               | prototype, used only for suborbital tests) and Columbia
               | (only enabled for STS-1 through STS-4 test flights,
               | disabled for STS-5 the first operational flight)
               | 
               | The seats would only work at low altitude and speed (I've
               | seen differing numbers cited). For the Challenger
               | disaster they would've theoretically been useful
               | (ignoring all the other factors), but they would've been
               | useless for Columbia due to speed.
               | 
               | And it's not clear ejection would have actually been
               | successful with the SRBs still active and right there.
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | As o11c mentioned, they only existed for the first few
               | flights, the ones that only had two crew. It wasn't
               | possible to have the election seats with the full shuttle
               | crew so they were removed.
               | 
               | The ejection seats were essentially the same as those
               | used in the SR-71, so they were survivable at shockingly
               | high speeds and altitudes.
        
           | Symmetry wrote:
           | ULA is pretty remarkable for it's run of new rockets not
           | blowing up. Looking at ESA, JAXA, RosCosmos, ISRO, etc too is
           | how I'm setting the par. A history like the Ariane 5 is
           | pretty typical where flights 1 and 14 failed.
        
             | throw5959 wrote:
             | Wouldn't really consider that NewSpace. These are as old as
             | space industry gets...
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | China's various new rockets are another example.
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | What are you talking about? They'll launch of their own
               | volition!
               | 
               | "Chinese rocket static-fire test results in unintended
               | launch and huge explosion" (30 June 2024)
               | 
               | <https://spacenews.com/chinese-rocket-static-fire-test-
               | result...>
               | 
               | <https://yewtu.be/watch?v=IlQkeKa4IKg> (Shakeycam video)
        
               | sangnoir wrote:
               | TBF: that wasn't an unsuccessful launch attempt, but a
               | failure to _not_ launch. Which affirms parent in that
               | they seem to have work out all the kinks out during
               | development.
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | _that wasn 't an unsuccessful launch attempt, but a
               | failure to not launch._
               | 
               | My point exactly.
        
               | sangnoir wrote:
               | The comment at the root of this thread was specifically
               | addressing making it to orbit _on first launch_ - which a
               | bench test isn 't.
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | <https://youtube.com/watch?v=4zRbWNtd05w>
        
               | Symmetry wrote:
               | Yeah, 2 failures is par for OldSpace. NewSpace usually
               | does much worse, though SpaceX's Falcon 9 and Rocket
               | Lab's Electron managed to get the traditional par.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | Norm is something like 3 rescheduling within a week from
           | launch, 3 auto-aborts or equipment NoGo, 2 wayward boats, and
           | 0.15-0.3 kaboom per launch. The fact that SpaceX haven't been
           | letting wayward boats/planes for a while is remarkable by
           | itself.
        
           | crowcroft wrote:
           | My perception is that SpaceX do in fact move fast, curious
           | why you feel the need to put that in inverted commas?
        
         | chollida1 wrote:
         | > Pretty unusual for a new space company to make orbit on their
         | first launch. Generally par for the course in established
         | companies is 2 failures in the first 10 launches so lets see
         | how they do.
         | 
         | Where are you getting your stats and how many companies are you
         | in your model?
        
           | TheJoeMan wrote:
           | I grew up on the space coast, have watched many new expensive
           | fireworks. I expect one of the next ones to either go boom,
           | or the less exciting hear the 2nd stage separation failed.
        
           | DiggyJohnson wrote:
           | Why are you disagreeing like this? It would be like asking
           | for a source if a software developer said "most software
           | launches encounter some issues on their initial release".
        
             | chollida1 wrote:
             | Really, that was your take away?
             | 
             | All I did was ask for the data used to come to that
             | conclusion. I was only aware of SpaceX as a new space
             | company. I was curious as to what other companies were
             | included in her/his model.
             | 
             | How did you possible take offense to someone trying to
             | learn?
             | 
             | And how did you possibly manage to find any ill will in the
             | question?
             | 
             | > Why are you disagreeing like this?
             | 
             | I never once disagreed with the OP. Again, how did you get
             | to this wild of a take from what i wrote?
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I read it the same way as combative or at least skeptic.
               | 
               | If you say that was not your intent, then you might want
               | to consider your approach.
               | 
               | A common hostile debate tactic is to ask the other person
               | to "bring the receipts", and then pick through them for
               | something to object to. It is akin to saying "prove it",
               | and puts all of the burden on the other person with
               | minimal effort.
               | 
               | In a world where the internet is often combative and full
               | of bad faith actors, you may want to be more specific to
               | distinguish yourself from them. If you have a specific
               | question, ask it directly instead of asking them to
               | provide more and sorting it yourself. You may also want
               | to be clear about intent eg "what other companies are you
               | considering".
        
           | darknavi wrote:
           | Firefly and Astra both come to mind.
           | 
           | Not all of the rockets blow up on the pad or dance around
           | near the launch pad [0], but lots certainly do not make it to
           | orbit in the first try. Space is pretty hard.
           | 
           | 0: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9PS6z9P9nqs
        
         | pokstad wrote:
         | Competition here is great
        
       | BurningFrog wrote:
       | Important naming rule: Never call your version 2 "New Foo"!
       | 
       | Because the name will remain long after it was new. The naming
       | scheme also crashes at version 3.
       | 
       | The New Glenn name is from 2016.
        
         | Ajedi32 wrote:
         | New Glenn isn't a "version 2". The name is a reference to John
         | Glenn, the first American to orbit earth. Think "New York" not
         | "New iPhone".
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | Thanks!
           | 
           | Still a weird naming scheme though. A rocket is not a new
           | astronaut. Am I missing something clever?
        
             | placardloop wrote:
             | Rockets aren't birds either, and yet: Falcon 9 (the Falcon
             | 9 also is the second iteration of the Falcon rockets, not
             | the ninth, so...)
             | 
             | Rockets also aren't planets, and yet: Saturn V
             | 
             | Rockets also aren't mythological horse/man creatures, and
             | yet: Vulcan Centaur
             | 
             | You're overthinking it.
        
               | 0xffff2 wrote:
               | >(the Falcon 9 also is the second iteration of the Falcon
               | rockets, not the ninth, so...)
               | 
               | Falcon 9 has nine first stage engines, Falcon 1 had a
               | single engine. It's not a version number.
               | 
               | Edit: I had to look it up because Saturn 1 is not a
               | single engine vehicle. It turns out that the Saturn V is
               | design C-5 of the Saturn family of rockets, with A, B and
               | C1-4 designs preceding it (not all designs where built),
               | so the "V" in Saturn V is basically a version number,
               | despite the Saturn V first stage having 5 engines
        
               | placardloop wrote:
               | Yes, it not being a version number is the entire point of
               | this thread.
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | Side note:
               | 
               | "Falcon" was almost certainly chosen so the BFR could be
               | pronounced "Big Fucking Rocket", perhaps also influenced
               | by the BFG in Doom/Quake.
               | 
               | Also note how "SpaceX" is pronounced.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | The "Falcon" name dates back to many years before the BFR
               | concept. Then the BFR started out as "Big Fucking Rocket"
               | and the F was retroactively changed to Falcon as a tongue
               | in cheek way of keeping the acronym in respectable
               | conversation. That said, BFR was always just a
               | descriptive placeholder.
        
             | ttepasse wrote:
             | Back in the 2010s Blue Origin had a naming scheme after the
             | pioneering flights of American astronauts:
             | 
             | The suborbital rocket New Shepard is named after Alan
             | Shepard who was the first American astronaut and whose
             | flight was a suborbital arc.
             | 
             | New Glenn is named after John Glenn whose first flight was
             | the first orbital flight.
             | 
             | There was also talk of a New Armstrong rocket, although
             | Neil Armstrong wasn't the first American to "reach" the
             | Moon. But then together with Buzz he was the first to land
             | and the first to walk. I don't know if New Armstrong's
             | still getting developed.
        
         | giva wrote:
         | New York is from 1624
        
       | hersko wrote:
       | Thank goodness for billionaires.
       | 
       | There's a good case to be made that if it weren't for the likes
       | of Musk and Bezos we'd still be stuck with the likes of ULA.
       | 
       | They are literally pulling us into the future and i'm all for it.
        
         | settsu wrote:
         | Totally worth the exploitation, amirite?? /s
         | 
         | (You do realize we did this before without them, right?)
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | No nation has a done what spacex has.
        
           | hersko wrote:
           | Can you explain how i am exploited? I use Amazon products
           | daily (as do you), why shouldn't i be thankful to Bezos? He
           | has made my life tangibly better.
           | 
           | I really don't care how many shares of Amazon he has and what
           | the current share price is.
        
             | Tryk wrote:
             | I guess it would presuppose some solidarity with the
             | workers at Amazon
             | 
             | At a glance: https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/12/study-amazon-
             | workers-serious...
             | 
             | https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2023-10-25/pain-
             | exhau...
        
         | pupppet wrote:
         | Yes thank you billionaires, if you hadn't vacuumed the wealth
         | of a nation this could have been a government agency success.
         | Why should we all benefit when one man can?
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | The sums spent on this are trivial to governments. California
           | HSR costs much more than bringing a rocket to life. The
           | annual cost of dialysis to the American government is many
           | times what SpaceX or Blue Origin costs.
           | 
           | Any number of nations' governments could do this in a wealth
           | perspective. And none have.
        
             | pupppet wrote:
             | Of course they haven't, how can they afford to compete with
             | private companies? We've all decided that taxes are bad,
             | there's no money in a govt position.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | They have a lot more money than private companies.
               | California HSR alone costs ten times or more than the
               | Starship program. Annually, the American government
               | spends some three or four times as much as the Starship
               | program on dialysis for 0.2% of the population. Money is
               | in abundance for a government.
        
               | pupppet wrote:
               | If this were true, NASA would never need to outsource.
               | Why pay SpaceX when you can build your own rockets.
        
               | austhrow743 wrote:
               | Because SpaceX can build them cheaper.
        
           | hersko wrote:
           | Wealth is not a zero-sum game. Musk and Bezos have generated
           | insane amounts of wealth for the American economy. They're
           | not hoarding dollar bills in some vault like Scrooge McDuck
           | lol.
        
             | Tryk wrote:
             | No indeed, it is not a zero-sum game, billionaires like
             | Musk and Bezos have more money than Scrooge McDuck [0], the
             | cartoon version of Greed. While their share of the global
             | wealth is increasing by each year
             | 
             | "The richest 1 percent grabbed nearly two-thirds of all new
             | wealth worth $42 trillion created since 2020, almost twice
             | as much money as the bottom 99 percent of the world's
             | population, reveals a new Oxfam report today." Jan 16, 2023
             | [1]
             | 
             | [0] https://www.benzinga.com/news/21/11/23829868/elon-musk-
             | is-ev... [1] https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-
             | releases/richest-1-bag-nearly...
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | It actually is a feature of capitalism. Envy can blind though.
        
         | akamaka wrote:
         | There are billionaires all over the world who haven't built
         | successful space companies. The key ingredient is the
         | government funding which has made the US space industry
         | possible, such as building the launch pads, subsidizing
         | hundreds of companies which build specialized parts, creating
         | the GPS network required to track launches, etc.
         | 
         | Maybe thank the taxpayers instead?
        
       | quesera wrote:
       | Apropos of nothing, but I appreciate the flaunting of branding
       | best practices, and aerospace superstition, in the naming of Blue
       | Origin (BO) and New Glenn (NG).
        
         | carabiner wrote:
         | What are branding best practices and aerospace superstition?
         | 
         | - Someone who was an aerospace engineer for 8 years and knows
         | many people in the industry, including BO, SpaceX, Boeing
        
           | jjk166 wrote:
           | BO is an acronym for body odor, something you don't typically
           | want to associate with any brand.
           | 
           | NG is an acronym for No/Not Good used in various engineering
           | contexts to refer to things that fail to meet requirements. A
           | superstitious aerospace engineer might not want to
           | essentially name something "failure" though in practice I
           | think most aerospace engineers would love to call their
           | rocket Explodey-9000.
        
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